,Cancer Type,PMID,Title,Abstract
0,brain tumour,39612412,Identification and validation of ion channels-related mRNA prognostic signature for glioblastomas.,"Glioblastomas (GBM) is a kind of malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis. Identifying new biomarkers is promising for the treatment of GBM. The mRNA-seq and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas databases. The differentially expressed genes were identified using limma R package. The prognosis-related genes were screened out and a risk model was constructed using univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and multivariate Cox analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the efficiency of model. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was applied for the survival analysis. Mutation analysis was conducted using maftools package. The effect of immunotherapy was analyzed according to TIDE score, and the drug sensitivity analysis was performed. The Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis enrichment analyses were performed for the functional analysis. The regulatory network was constructed by STRING and Cytoscape software. RT-qPCR was performed to validate the expression of 3 hub genes in vitro. A risk model was constructed based on 3 ion channels related genes (gap junction protein beta 2 [GJB2], potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily h member 6 [KCNH6], and potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily n member 4 [KCNN4]). The risk score and hub genes were positively correlated with the calcium signaling pathway. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the risk score calculated by 3 signatures. The infiltration levels of T cell, B lineage, monocytic lineage, and neutrophils were increased in high risk group, while TIDE score was decreased. IC50 of potential drugs for GBM treatment was elevated in the high risk group. Furthermore, GJB2, KCNH6, and KCNN4 were oncogenic, and GJB2 and KCNN4 were upregulated, while KCNH6 was downregulated in high risk group and GBM cells. The regulatory network showed that KCNH6 was targeted by more miRNA and transcription factors and KCNN4 interacted with more drugs. We constructed a three-signature risk model, which could effectively predict the prognosis of GBM development. Besides, KCNH6 and KCNN4 were respectively considered as the targets of molecular targeted treatment and chemotherapy."
1,brain tumour,39612380,"Correlation analysis of laboratory indicators, genetic abnormalities and staging in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.","To explore the correlation between immune status, genetic profile, laboratory parameters, and staging in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) and to investigate the clinical characteristics of these patients along with their associated risk factors. The clinical data of 135 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University between March 2020 and December 2023 were retrospectively collected. These data were systematically organized to evaluate the staging status of patients, including the Durie-Salmon, International Staging System, Revised International Staging System, and mSMART 3.0 staging systems. Additionally, the study included analysis of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization results. Laboratory indices were collected at the initial diagnosis of patients with MM prior to any treatment. These data were subsequently analyzed to ascertain their significance in staging patients with multiple myeloma. Among 135 patients with MM, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and lambda light chain (λ light chain) levels were higher in patients with abnormal kidney function (P < .05). NT-proBNP and λ light chain levels can predict abnormal renal function in patients with NDMM. The λ light chain levels were significantly higher in Zhuang patients than in Han patients (P < .05). Patients with high staging differed in total T cell percentages, CD8+ cell percentages, T cells, CD3+/CD4-/CD8- double-negative cell percentages, CD8+T cells, age, NT-proBNP, and M protein levels (P < .05). In addition, M protein levels and age were positively correlated with CD4+T cells and negatively correlated with CD8+T cells (P < .05). CD8+ T cells, age, NT-proBNP, M protein level, and cytogenetic abnormalities represent distinct aspects of immune status, tumor load, and cytogenetic status at the initial diagnosis of patients. These indices are closely associated with the clinical stage of patients and can be combined to assess the clinical stage of multiple myeloma patients after admission to the hospital. Additionally, NT-proBNP and λ light chain levels play a role in predicting abnormal renal function in patients with NDMM."
2,brain tumour,39612129,Length of stay following elective craniotomy for tumor resection in children and young adults: a retrospective case series.,"Length of stay (LOS) is a critical metric of healthcare delivery. Prolonged LOS is associated with a heightened risk of adverse complications. We aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of LOS, specifically identifying variables associated with extended LOS (eLOS), in children and young adults following elective craniotomy for tumor resection."
3,brain tumour,39612090,Establishment of a novel benign meningioma cell line spontaneously immortalized under hypoxic conditions.,"Meningiomas are the most frequent brain tumors, typically benign and curable by surgery. However, some patients experience repeated recurrences from residual tumors. To address such cases, the development of novel therapeutic options is crucial. For this purpose, the availability of cell lines that possess the characteristics of benign meningiomas is essential. Here, we established a benign meningioma cell line under 3% O"
4,brain tumour,39611935,"Downregulation of lncRNA-MALAT1, Altered Immunohistochemical Expression of Cyclin D1 Protein and E-Cadherin Protein in Correlation to Meningioma Grades.","Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is known to be upregulated in the tumors with ability to metastasize. In contrast, long non-coding Ribonuclei acid (lncRNA) MALAT1 was reported by some studies to be downregulated in meningioma cells.  E-cadherin and Cyclin D1 are prognostic indicators and possible attractive targets for the treatment of recurring and aggressive meningioma. This study aimed to evaluate the expression level of lncRNA MALAT1, as well as Cyclin D1 and E-cadherin immunohistochemical expression in meningiomas (Grade 1 and 2) and their association with the clinicopathological parameters of the studied cases."
5,brain tumour,39611928,Bioinformatics Examination of Glioblastoma Identifies a Potential Panel of Therapeutic Biomarkers.,"Glioblastoma, previously recognized as glioblastoma multiform (GBM), is the most aggressive and most common type of cancer that originates in the brain and has a very poor prognosis for survival. Glioblastoma, as one of the lethal cancers of the brain, is important to be studied in terms of molecular exploration."
6,brain tumour,39611922,Scientific Advances in Cancer Detection Using Raman Spectroscopy.,The present study is focused to investigate the role of Raman spectroscopy (RM) for cancer detection.
7,brain tumour,39611709,Ultrasmall solid lipid nanoparticles as a potential innovative delivery system for a drug combination against glioma.,"High grade gliomas are characterized by a very poor prognosis due to fatal relapses after surgery. Current chemotherapy is only a palliative care, while potential drug candidates are limited by poor overcoming of the blood-brain barrier."
8,brain tumour,39611141,Advances in research on the relationship between mitochondrial function and colorectal cancer: a bibliometric study from 2013 to 2023.,"The study provides a thorough examination of literature from 2013 to 2023, delving into the intricate relationship between mitochondrial function and colorectal cancer (CRC). It offers a concise overview of the current landscape and emerging trends in this rapidly evolving research area. The findings indicate a consistent rise in annual publications, reflecting growing interest and significant potential in the field. China emerges as the leading contributor, followed by the United States and India. However, despite China's dominance in output, its average citation rate is lower than that of the US, which leads in citations per publication, highlighting a noticeable disparity. In the realm of research institutions, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and China Medical University are identified as major contributors, yet the potential for inter-institutional collaboration remains largely untapped, suggesting avenues for future synergy. Internationally, China-US collaborations are particularly robust, fostering cross-border knowledge exchange. Hyun Jin Won and Li Wei are recognized as prolific authors, while Ahmedin Jemal is an influential co-cited scholar, noted for his seminal contributions. Keyword analysis reveals research focus areas, such as the complex CRC tumor microenvironment, molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress, and key multidrug resistance pathways. It also highlights the promising potential of mitochondria-targeted therapies and nanomolecular technologies in clinical practice, signaling their growing significance in addressing complex health challenges. The study underscores the imperative to validate complex mitochondrial mechanisms and signaling pathways in CRC, with a particular emphasis on translating these insights into drug targets for clinical trials. Advancing this research is expected to refine and enhance CRC treatment strategies. Additionally, it highlights the urgency of validating mitochondrial complexities in CRC, advocating for collaborative efforts to link these mechanisms with tailored therapeutic interventions for clinical testing. This integrated approach promises significant advancements in developing effective, targeted CRC treatments, ultimately improving patient outcomes."
9,brain tumour,39610810,The Expression Profiles and Clinical Significance of Mixed Lineage Kinases in Glioma.,"Mixed lineage kinases (MLKs), comprising seven members: MLK1-4, dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK), leucine zipper kinase (LZK), and sterile alpha motif and leucine zipper containing kinase (ZAK), belong to the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family. These kinases are implicated in the progression of numerous cancers by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades or functioning as ser/thr and tyr kinases. However, their specific roles in glioma remain elusive. In the present study, we utilized bioinformatics approaches to investigate the expression patterns of MLKs in low-grade gliomas (LGG) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Additionally, we analyzed their clinical significance and delved into the potential mechanisms underlying MLK activity as well as their association with tumor-immune infiltrating cells (TIICs) in glioma. Furthermore, we conducted in vitro studies to elucidate the functional roles of MLK1-2 in glioma. Our findings revealed that the expressions of MLK1-2 were conspicuously downregulated in GBM and positively correlated with patients' overall survival. Conversely, ZAK exhibited an opposing trend. Notably, our newly devised risk score model exhibited superior performance in predicting patient prognoses. Moreover, we analyzed the potential mechanisms of MLK activity and its interplay with tumor immune infiltration. Last, we validated the antitumor effect of MLK1-2 at the in vitro level. In summary, our study sheds new insights into the roles of MLKs in glioma, particularly MLK1-2, and their potential as therapeutic targets."
10,brain tumour,39610801,Use of Virtual CT and On-Treatment MRI to Reduce Radiation Dose and Anesthesia Exposure Associated With the Adaptive Workflow in Pediatric Patients Treated With Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy.,"The purpose of this study was to determine whether virtual computed tomography (vCT) derived from daily cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), or on-treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI"
11,brain tumour,39610567,Preoperative Embolization of Brain Tumors Using a Provocative Test: Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Embolization of Test-Positive Vessels.,"The embolization of vessels potentially involved in the vasa nervorum during brain tumor embolization is often a non-aggressive procedure. In this study, we aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of embolization of vessels with positive provocative test results."
12,brain tumour,39610216,"Discovery of Thiochroman Derivatives as Potent, Oral Selective Estrogen Receptor Degraders and Antagonists for the Treatment of Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer.","Selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) deplete the ER signaling pathway via antagonism and degradation of ERα and represent a promising strategy to tackle endocrine resistance. Here, we report a new class of SERDs by pharmacological evolution of a selective estrogen receptor modulator, lasofoxifene. The structure-activity relationship study and efforts to circumvent the issue of human ether-a-go-go-related gene led to the identification of compounds "
13,brain tumour,39609999,CP ANGLE MEDULLOBLASTOMA WITH SUPRATENTORIAL DROP METS.,"Medulloblastoma, is an undifferentiated neuroepithelial tumour of embryonic origin"". It is an uncommon central nervous system tumour, and adult-onset is even rarer. It could form in an unusual or unconventional location, like the cerebellopontine angle (CPA), and such tumours don't frequently show supratentorial extension. Less than 2 per million persons are affected each year, with children being affected ten times more than adults."
14,brain tumour,39609983,ENDOSCOPIC ENDONASAL TRANS-SPHENOIDAL SURGERY IN PATIENTS WITH MACRO-ADENOMA EXTENT OF SURGICAL RESECTION AND RECURRENCE RATE.,"Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-Sphenoidal Approach has been employed for skull base tumours especially macro-adenomas, for the last decade in our setup. Here we are sharing our experience with the EETA for patients with micro-adenomas in terms of extent of tumour resection and its recurrence. The objective was to assess endoscopic endonasal trans-sphenoidal surgery in patients with macro-adenoma for extent of surgical resection and recurrence rate."
15,brain tumour,39609830,The neglected burden of chronic hypoxia on the resistance of glioblastoma multiforme to first-line therapies.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common adult primary brain tumor. The standard of care involves maximal surgery followed by radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), in addition to adjuvant TMZ. However, the recurrence rate of GBM within 1-2 years post-diagnosis is still elevated and has been attributed to the accumulation of multiple factors including the heterogeneity of GBM, genomic instability, angiogenesis, and chronic tumor hypoxia. Tumor hypoxia activates downstream signaling pathways involved in the adaptation of GBM to the newly oxygen-deprived environment, thereby contributing to the resistance and recurrence phenomena, despite the multimodal therapeutic approach used to eradicate the tumor. Therefore, in this review, we will focus on the development and implication of chronic or limited-diffusion hypoxia in tumor persistence through genetic and epigenetic modifications. Then, we will detail the hypoxia-induced activation of vital biological pathways and mechanisms that contribute to GBM resistance. Finally, we will discuss a proteomics-based approach to encourage the implication of personalized GBM treatments based on a hypoxia signature."
16,brain tumour,39609827,Engrailed-2 and inflammation convergently and independently impinge on cerebellar Purkinje cell differentiation.,"Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have a complex pathogenesis thought to include both genetic and extrinsic factors. Among the latter, inflammation of the developing brain has recently gained growing attention. However, how genetic predisposition and inflammation might converge to precipitate autistic behavior remains elusive. Cerebellar structure and function are well known to be affected in autism. We therefore used cerebellar slice cultures to probe whether inflammatory stimulation and (over)expression of the autism susceptibility gene Engrailed-2 interact in shaping differentiation of Purkinje cells, key organizers of cerebellar histogenesis and function. We show that lipopolysaccharide treatment reduces Purkinje cell dendritogenesis and that this effect is enhanced by over-expression of Engrailed-2 in these cells. The effects of lipopolysaccharide can be blocked by inhibiting microglia proliferation and also by blocking tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor signaling, suggesting microglia and tumor necrosis factor alpha are major players in this scenario. These findings identify Purkinje cells as a potential integrator of genetic and environmental signals that lead to an autism-associated morphology."
17,brain tumour,39609728,Human stem cell models to unravel brain cancer.,"Pre-clinical animal models of human brain tumors have been invaluable tools for studying cancer pathogenesis and exploring novel treatment modalities. Such models recapitulate important aspects of the human disease such as the stem-progenitor-differentiated cell hierarchy. Although powerful, we argue that animal models are inherently limited in their ability to phenocopy certain important aspects of human brain tumor biology. We specifically highlight the inability of mouse models to generate certain forms aggressive pediatric medulloblastoma likely owing to cellular, anatomic, and genetic differences between the human and mouse brains. Additionally, we review some limitations of human brain tumor derived cell lines and outline why they are a sub-optimal system for purposes of pre-clinical modeling. Below, we present the case for human stem cell-based models of brain tumors, focusing mainly on glioblastoma and medulloblastoma. Drawing on several recently published studies, we review the exciting progress that has been made towards modeling human brain tumors using two-dimensional adherent stem cell cultures and three-dimensional organoids. We identify the important advances arrived at using these human stem cell-based models and suggest opportunities for future work in this direction. In this review article, we aim to highlight the utility and promises of human stem cell-based models of brain tumors as a complementary system to traditional transgenic animal and cell line systems."
18,brain tumour,39609621,Impact of natremia on metastatic non small cell lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.,"Hyponatremia has been established as a prognostic indicator of survival in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). Conversely, the influence of normal sodium levels remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the impact of natremia in mNSCLC patients undergoing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Clinical and biochemical data of patients treated with ICIs for mNSCLC were obtained. Availability of baseline sodium values was a study inclusion criterion. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the cut off sodium value, determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Subsequently, the influence of sodium levels on response rate (RR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) was analyzed. PFS and OS were assessed via the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to evaluate prognostic factors for PFS and OS. The analysis included 88 patients, of whom 73.1% were men, with a median age of 71 years (range, 47-91). A comparison between patients with baseline natremia ≥ 140 mEq/L (n = 43) and those with < 140 mEq/L (n = 45) revealed PFS durations of 7.0 vs. 2.1 months (p < .01) and OS durations of 15.6 vs. 6.8 months, respectively (p = .02). In the univariate survival analysis, pre-ICI serum sodium ≥ 140 mEq/L (p = .01) was associated with improved PFS, while factors associated with OS included brain metastasis (p = .05) and pre-ICI serum sodium ≥ 140 mEq/L (p = .02). In the multivariate analysis, pre-ICI serum sodium ≥ 140 mEq/L maintained a statistically significant association with OS (p = .04)..This study represents the first investigation into the impact of normonatremia in mNSCLC. Our findings suggest that serum sodium levels < 140 mEq/L at baseline and initial assessment are independently associated with poorer PFS and OS in mNSCLC patients undergoing first-line treatment with ICIs."
19,brain tumour,39609483,Innovative multi-class segmentation for brain tumor MRI using noise diffusion probability models and enhancing tumor boundary recognition.,"Medical imaging, notably Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), plays a vital role in contemporary healthcare by offering detailed insights into internal structures. Addressing the escalating demand for precise diagnostics, this research focuses on the challenges of multi-class segmentation in MRI. The proposed algorithm integrates diffusion models, capitalizing on their efficacy in capturing microstructural details, emphasizing the intricacies of human anatomy and tissue variations that challenge segmentation algorithms. Introducing the Diffusion Model, previously successful in various applications, the research applies it to medical image analysis. The method employs a two-step approach: a diffusion-based segmentation model and a dedicated network for enhancing tumor (ET) boundary recognition. Training is guided by a combined loss function, emphasizing Weighted Cross-Entropy and Weighted Dice Loss. Experiments, conducted using the BraTS2020 dataset for brain tumor segmentation, showcase the proposed algorithm's competitive results, particularly in enhancing accuracy for the challenging ET region. Comparative analyses underscore its superiority over existing methods, emphasizing efficiency and simplicity in clinical implementation. In conclusion, this research pioneers an innovative approach that combines diffusion models and ET boundary recognition to optimize multi-class segmentation for brain tumors. The method holds promise for improving clinical diagnosis and treatment planning, providing accurate and interpretable segmentation results without the need for high-end equipment."
20,brain tumour,39609432,Spatio-temporal transcriptomics of chromothriptic SHH-medulloblastoma identifies multiple genetic clones that resist treatment and drive relapse.,"Paediatric medulloblastomas with chromothripsis are characterised by high genomic instability and are among the tumours with the worst prognosis. However, the molecular makeup and the determinants of the aggressiveness of chromothriptic medulloblastoma are not well understood. Here, we apply spatial transcriptomics to profile a cohort of 13 chromothriptic and non-chromothriptic medulloblastomas from the same molecular subgroup. Our data reveal a higher extent of spatial intra-tumour heterogeneity in chromothriptic medulloblastomas compared to non-chromothripictic tumours, which is associated with increased proliferation and stemness, but lower immune infiltration and differentiation. Spatial mapping of genetic subclones of the same tumour identify a regionally distinct architecture and clone-specific phenotypic features, with distinct degrees of differentiation, proliferation and immune infiltration between clones. We conduct temporal profiling of 11 samples from patient-derived xenografts from a patient with chromothriptic medulloblastoma, covering the transition from the minimal residual disease stage to treatment-resistant regrown tumours. In chromothriptic medulloblastoma, an ecosystem of cells from multiple genetic clones resist treatment and lead to relapse. Finally, we identify tumour microtubes in chromothriptic medulloblastoma, calling for exploration of cell network communication as a putative target."
21,brain tumour,39609428,Transcription factors ASCL1 and OLIG2 drive glioblastoma initiation and co-regulate tumor cell types and migration.,"Glioblastomas (GBMs) are highly aggressive, infiltrative, and heterogeneous brain tumors driven by complex genetic alterations. The basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors ASCL1 and OLIG2 are dynamically co-expressed in GBMs; however, their combinatorial roles in regulating the plasticity and heterogeneity of GBM cells are unclear. Here, we show that induction of somatic mutations in subventricular zone (SVZ) progenitor cells leads to the dysregulation of ASCL1 and OLIG2, which then function redundantly and are required for brain tumor formation in a mouse model of GBM. Subsequently, the binding of ASCL1 and OLIG2 to each other's loci and to downstream target genes then determines the cell types and degree of migration of tumor cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) reveals that a high level of ASCL1 is key in specifying highly migratory neural stem cell (NSC)/astrocyte-like tumor cell types, which are marked by upregulation of ribosomal protein, oxidative phosphorylation, cancer metastasis, and therapeutic resistance genes."
22,brain tumour,39609412,Human single cell RNA-sequencing reveals a targetable CD8,"In solid cancers, T cells typically function as cytotoxic effectors to limit tumor growth, prompting therapies that capitalize upon this antineoplastic property (immune checkpoint inhibition; ICI). Unfortunately, ICI treatments have been largely ineffective for high-grade brain tumors (gliomas; HGGs). Leveraging several single-cell RNA sequencing datasets, we report greater CD8"
23,brain tumour,39609333,Shedding light on microglial dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease: exploring molecular mechanisms and therapeutic avenues.,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands out as the foremost prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by a complex etiology. Various mechanisms have been proposed to elucidate its onset, encompassing amyloid-beta (Aβ) toxicity, tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress and reactive gliosis. The hallmark of AD comprises Aβ and tau aggregation. These misfolded protein aggregates trigger the activation of glial cells, primarily microglia. Microglial cells serve as a major source of inflammatory mediators and their cytotoxic activation has been implicated in various aspects of AD pathology. Activated microglia can adopt M1 or M2 phenotypes, where M1 promotes inflammation by increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and M2 suppresses inflammation by boosting anti-inflammatory factors. Overexpressed pro-inflammatory cytokines include interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in adjacent brain regions. Furthermore, microglial signaling pathways dysregulated in AD are myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (Myd 88), colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) and dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2), which alter the physiology. Despite numerous findings, the causative role of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in AD remains elusive. This review concisely explores cellular and molecular mechanisms of activated microglia and their correlation with AD pathogenesis. Additionally, it highlights promising therapeutics targeting microglia modulation, currently undergoing preclinical and clinical studies, for developing effective treatment for AD."
24,brain tumour,39609084,Mutation-Driven Immune Microenvironments in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Unrevealing Patterns through Cluster Analysis.,We aimed to comprehensively analyze the immune cell and stromal components of tumor microenvironment at the single-cell level and identify tumor heterogeneity among the major top-derived oncogene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data.
25,brain tumour,39608584,A detailed evaluation of the advantages among extracellular vesicles from three cell origins for targeting delivery of celastrol and treatment of glioblastoma.,"As one of the most common brain tumors, glioblastoma (GBM) lacks efficient therapeutic treatment and remains lethal. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising platform for GBM therapies. Nevertheless, the properties of EVs are significantly influenced by their cell origins. This study aimed to evaluate the advantages of EVs derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), human glioblastoma cells (U-87 MG) and macrophage cells (RAW264.7) to develop a more effective strategy for the delivery of anti-GBM drug celastrol (Cel). Three kinds of EVs exhibited spherical- or oval-shapes with an average size ranging from 90 to 140 nm. Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of specific EV markers (ALIX, CD63 or TSG101). Notably, the yield of BMSCs-derived EVs (BMSC-EVs) significantly surpassed that of U-87 MG and RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, BMSC-EVs demonstrated the highest entrapment efficiency for Cel (72 %) and enhanced internalization into the target cells U-87 MG. The increased cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis further confirmed that Cel-loaded BMSC-EVs (BMSC-EVs-Cel) were more potent for killing U-87 MG cells compared with free Cel. In vivo studies utilizing both orthotopic and subcutaneous GBM models revealed facilitated blood-brain barrier penetration and transportation of cargo into tumor tissue by BMSC-EVs. Importantly, BMSC-EVs-Cel could effectively inhibit GBM growth, induce tumor tissue apoptosis and suppress intratumoral microvessel density in comparison with free Cel and temozolomide, while successfully decrease systemic toxicity. Overall, this study elucidates the properties of EVs derived from distinct cell origins and highlights the great potential of BMSC-EVs for brain tumor treatment."
26,brain tumour,39608504,miRNA signatures affecting the survival outcome in distant metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer.,"Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) constitutes for 10-15% of all breast cancer cases. Tumor heterogeneity, high invasiveness, distant metastasis, lack of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression contribute to TNBC associated with poor overall survival outcomes amongst diseased individuals. The disparity in clinico-pathological and metastatic patterns to distant sites has substantially enhanced the incidences of tumor recurrence. Survival outcomes amongst metastatic TNBC patients are worse in comparison to non-metastatic TNBC counterparts. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as significant drivers to function either as oncogene or tumor suppressors by exerting modulating effects on the expression of target genes in the TNBC tumor microenvironment. The pleiotropic nature of miRNAs expands their preclinical and clinical utility in combating both metastatic and non-metastatic TNBC cases and thereby improves their survival outcomes. The present review article aims to highlight the varying survival outcomes in metastatic and non-metastatic TNBC cases. The present review article emphasizes the therapeutic and prognostic potential of miRNAs in TNBC to improve survival outcomes by retarding distant metastasis to lung, bone, brain, and lymph nodes."
27,brain tumour,39608477,A first-in-human application of OPM-MEG for localizing motor activity area: compared to functional MRI.,"Accurately localizing brain motor areas is vital for protecting motor function during neurosurgical procedures. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) based on optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) improves the availability of MEG in clinical applications. The aim of this study is to evaluate the availability, accuracy and precision of ""OPM-MEG"" for localizing motor areas in brain tumor patients and healthy individuals."
28,brain tumour,39608455,Minocycline nanoplatform penetrates the BBB and enables the targeted treatment of Parkinson's disease with cognitive impairment.,"Parkinson's disease (PD)-induced motor dysfunction and cognitive impairment are becoming increasingly common due to global population aging. However, efficient treatment strategies for these conditions are still lacking. Recent studies indicated that neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis could greatly worsen the symptoms of PD. Therefore, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory drugs could be useful in the management of PD. In the present study, minocycline (MIN)-loaded Fe"
29,brain tumour,39608186,"Beyond sleep disturbance: Structured analysis of sleep habits, chronotype and sleep disorders in adults with glioma. A cross-sectional exploratory study.",To evaluate the prevalence of the whole spectrum of sleep disorders as well as sleep related motor phenomena and chronotype in adults with glioma and to analyze their link with tumor localization and grade.
30,brain tumour,39608152,The impact of endoscopic sinus surgery in pediatric patients with sinogenic intracranial infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,This review aims to elucidate the role of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) on the outcomes of pediatric patients with sinogenic intracranial infections.
31,brain tumour,39607989,Deep learning-based classifier for carcinoma of unknown primary using methylation quantitative trait loci.,"Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) constitutes between 2% and 5% of human malignancies and is among the most common causes of cancer death in the United States. Brain metastases are often the first clinical presentation of CUP; despite extensive pathological and imaging studies, 20%-45% of CUP are never assigned a primary site. DNA methylation array profiling is a reliable method for tumor classification but tumor-type-specific classifier development requires many reference samples. This is difficult to accomplish for CUP as many cases are never assigned a specific diagnosis. Recent studies identified subsets of methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) unique to specific organs, which could help increase classifier accuracy while requiring fewer samples. We performed a retrospective genome-wide methylation analysis of 759 carcinoma samples from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples using Illumina EPIC array. Utilizing mQTL specific for breast, lung, ovarian/gynecologic, colon, kidney, or testis (BLOCKT) (185k total probes), we developed a deep learning-based methylation classifier that achieved 93.12% average accuracy and 93.04% average F1-score across a 10-fold validation for BLOCKT organs. Our findings indicate that our organ-based DNA methylation classifier can assist pathologists in identifying the site of origin, providing oncologists insight on a diagnosis to administer appropriate therapy, improving patient outcomes."
32,brain tumour,39607984,stMMR: accurate and robust spatial domain identification from spatially resolved transcriptomics with multimodal feature representation.,"Deciphering spatial domains using spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) is of great value for characterizing and understanding tissue architecture. However, the inherent heterogeneity and varying spatial resolutions present challenges in the joint analysis of multimodal SRT data."
33,brain tumour,39607940,PIEZO-dependent mechanosensing is essential for intestinal stem cell fate decision and maintenance.,"Stem cells perceive and respond to biochemical and physical signals to maintain homeostasis. Yet, it remains unclear how stem cells sense mechanical signals from their niche in vivo. In this work, we investigated the roles of PIEZO mechanosensitive channels in the intestinal stem cell (ISC) niche. We used mouse genetics and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to assess the requirement for PIEZO channels in ISC maintenance. In vivo measurement of basement membrane stiffness showed that ISCs reside in a more rigid microenvironment at the bottom of the crypt. Three-dimensional and two-dimensional organoid systems combined with bioengineered substrates and a stretching device revealed that PIEZO channels sense extracellular mechanical stimuli to modulate ISC function. This study delineates the mechanistic cascade of PIEZO activation that coordinates ISC fate decision and maintenance."
34,brain tumour,39607907,"Exploring the need for a preload on the estimation of permeability, vessel radius, and relative cerebral blood volume in MR vascular fingerprinting-based dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion imaging.","Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI is commonly part of the clinical brain tumor imaging protocol. Usually, a preload of contrast agent is administered to minimize contrast-leakage T"
35,brain tumour,39607823,A reactive oxygen species-related signature predicts the prognosis and immunosuppressive microenvironment in gliomas.,Intracellular redox homeostasis is crucial for a series of physiological processes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in redox processes. ROS can maintain cell reproduction and survival at moderate levels while promoting the initiation and progression of tumors at high levels.
36,brain tumour,39607642,Targeting RACGAP1 suppresses growth hormone pituitary adenoma growth.,"Growth hormone pituitary adenoma (GHPA) is a major subtype of pituitary adenoma (PA), with tumor enlargement and abnormal secretion of growth hormone (GH) often causing complications. Rac GTPase-activating protein 1 (RACGAP1), a member of the guanine triphosphatase-activating protein family, is highly overexpressed in multiple tumors and promotes tumor growth. However, the role of RACGAP1 in GHPA remains unelucidated. Besides, specific inhibitors targeting RACGAP1 have not yet been developed. In this study, we aimed to determine the expression and function of RACGAP1 in GHPA and identify effective inhibitors against RACGAP1."
37,brain tumour,39607572,BRD4 promotes immune escape of glioma cells by upregulating PD-L1 expression.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) poses significant challenges in treatment due to its aggressive nature and immune escape mechanisms. Despite recent advances in immune checkpoint blockade therapies, GBM prognosis remains poor. The role of bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) protein BRD4 in GBM, especially its interaction with immune checkpoints, is not well understood. Our study aimed to explore the role of BRD4 in GBM, especially the immune aspects."
38,brain tumour,39607570,"Transient and permanent hydrocephalus following resection of brain metastases located in the posterior fossa: incidence, risk factors and the necessity of perioperative external ventricular drainage placement.","Prophylactic insertion of an external ventricular drainage (EVD) prior to the resection of posterior fossa metastases (PFMs) is a common approach to address postoperative transient and permanent hydrocephalus. However, predicting surgery-related hydrocephalus in the preoperative phase continues to be a challenge. This study aims to analyze the incidence, preoperatively collectable risk factors and necessity of perioperative external ventricular drainage placement after posterior fossa metastasis surgery."
39,brain tumour,39607561,"Impact of stereotactic radiotherapy for craniopharyngioma: a large, academic hospital cohort.","Adjuvant radiotherapy has been a standard of care for craniopharyngioma. Nevertheless, it is a rare disease with multiple presentations, and results with conservative surgery followed by radiotherapy (RT) can vary. We compared treatment results for both adult and pediatric patients."
40,brain tumour,39607523,Prognostic role of extent of resection and adjuvant radiotherapy in de novo anaplastic meningiomas.,"Grade 3 meningiomas, although rare, are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The respective impacts of extent of surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy are still debated. Moreover, anaplastic meningiomas are studied in heterogenous cohort of de novo and progressive anaplastic tumors."
41,brain tumour,39607450,Impact of intensity standardisation and ComBat batch size on clinical-radiomic prognostic models performance in a multi-centre study of patients with glioblastoma.,"To assess the effect of different intensity standardisation techniques (ISTs) and ComBat batch sizes on radiomics survival model performance and stability in a heterogenous, multi-centre cohort of patients with glioblastoma (GBM)."
42,brain tumour,39607089,Dose distributions of proton therapy plans are robust against lowering the resolution of CTs combined with increasing noise.,"Treatment planning in radiation therapy (RT) is performed on image sets acquired with commercial x-ray computed tomography (CT) scanners. Considering an increased frequency of verification scans for adaptive RT and the advent of alternatives to x-ray CTs, there is a need to review the requirements for image sets used in RT planning."
43,brain tumour,39606635,Employing Xception convolutional neural network through high-precision MRI analysis for brain tumor diagnosis.,"The classification of brain tumors from medical imaging is pivotal for accurate medical diagnosis but remains challenging due to the intricate morphologies of tumors and the precision required. Existing methodologies, including manual MRI evaluations and computer-assisted systems, primarily utilize conventional machine learning and pre-trained deep learning models. These systems often suffer from overfitting due to modest medical imaging datasets and exhibit limited generalizability on unseen data, alongside substantial computational demands that hinder real-time application. To enhance diagnostic accuracy and reliability, this research introduces an advanced model utilizing the Xception architecture, enriched with additional batch normalization and dropout layers to mitigate overfitting. This model is further refined by leveraging large-scale data through transfer learning and employing a customized dense layer setup tailored to effectively distinguish between meningioma, glioma, and pituitary tumor categories. This hybrid method not only capitalizes on the strengths of pre-trained network features but also adapts specific training to a targeted dataset, thereby improving the generalization capacity of the model across different imaging conditions. Demonstrating an important improvement in diagnostic performance, the proposed model achieves a classification accuracy of 98.039% on the test dataset, with precision and recall rates above 96% for all categories. These results underscore the possibility of the model as a reliable diagnostic tool in clinical settings, significantly surpassing existing diagnostic protocols for brain tumors."
44,brain tumour,39606495,Pancreatic Leiomyosarcoma With Multi-organ Metastases: A Rare Case.,"This case report describes the diagnosis, treatment, and progression of a 50-year-old male patient diagnosed with stage IV pancreatic leiomyosarcoma with metastases to the liver, lungs, and brain, representing the only case involving both the pancreas and brain documented in the hospital registry with a histopathological diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. The patient initially presented with chronic abdominal pain, constipation, and weight loss, and subsequent CT scans revealed a large pancreatic mass with metastases to the liver, lungs, and brain. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma, and the patient underwent eight cycles of palliative chemotherapy with cisplatin and docetaxel, along with palliative radiotherapy targeting the brain metastases. Despite these interventions, the disease progressed, resulting in the patient experiencing altered mental status, generalized weakness, and seizure-like activity, reflecting the impact of the brain metastases and overall disease progression. His management included treatment with dexamethasone, antiseizure medications, and supportive care, while discussions about palliative care options were conducted with the family. This rare case highlights the aggressive nature of pancreatic leiomyosarcoma, characterized by rapid progression and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, with the involvement of multiple organ systems demonstrating the challenges associated with managing advanced metastatic leiomyosarcoma."
45,brain tumour,39606310,Emergency Surgical Management of Meningiomas: Factors Affecting Early Outcomes and Complications.,
46,brain tumour,39606307,Prediction of Intraoperative Blood Loss during Surgery of Brain Meningiomas.,
47,brain tumour,39606302,Metastatic Malignant Melanoma of Brain: A Rare Case Report.,"Malignant melanoma is third most common cause of brain metastasis after lung and breast cancer. Most patients with brain metastases from malignant melanoma are diagnosed after treatment for known extracranial metastases and have a poor outcome despite various local and systemic therapeutic approaches. Here we discuss an unusual case of a 61-year-old male patient who presented with a brain metastasis as the initial disease presentation and the presumed primary lesion was later found in the gastrointestinal tract and the scalp. Treatment consisted of a surgical removal of the large intracranial lesion. Further evaluation for primary lesion was done by general physical examination, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the chest and whole abdomen. Apart from that, colonoscopy was done, and a biopsy was taken from a suspicious colonic lesion. The scalp pigmented lesion was also evaluated. Both biopsies were in favor of melanoma. Recently, management of metastatic melanoma of the brain is decided according to the number of lesions, accessibility, visceral metastasis, and resectability of the lesion. Various treatment options are surgical resection, whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Malignant melanoma is relatively radioresistant, so the results are debatable. In conclusion, the prognosis of intracranial malignant melanoma is determined by the following factors: (1) the type of lesion; (2) the involvement of the leptomeninges; (3) the extent of tumor excised; and (4) the molecular immunology borstel number 1 (MIB 1) antibody index, which is the most relevant factor for prognosis in this type of cancer."
48,brain tumour,39606300,"Evaluation of Cardiac Function in Patients with Supratentorial Tumors and Raised Intracranial Pressure: HABIT-ICP, a Prospective Observational Study Using Transthoracic Echocardiography.",
49,brain tumour,39606159,Rapid intraoperative amplicon sequencing of CNS tumor markers.,"Currently, central nervous system tumors are diagnosed with an integrated diagnostic approach that combines histopathological examination with molecular genetic profiling, which requires days to weeks to achieve a precise and informative classification of CNS tumors. This study demonstrates the feasibility of rapid multiplex amplicon nanopore sequencing for identifying critical mutations relevant to molecular stratification of brain tumors within the timeframe of standard resection surgery. Utilizing live analysis of nanopore sequencing data, we evaluated the brain tumor-associated molecular markers IDH1 R132, IDH2 R172, "
50,brain tumour,39605953,The Role of Delayed Imaging at MRI in Rare Non-enhancing Prostate Cancer Brain Metastases: A Case Report.,"Brain metastases in prostate cancer are rare (<2% of cases). In magnetic resonance imaging, nearly all brain metastases exhibit contrast-enhancement, which may be affected by the time elapsed since the administration of the contrast agent. We discuss a case where the brain metastases in a patient with prostate cancer do not show a clear contrast-enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging using a standard brain metastases protocol. It also emphasizes the usefulness of delayed imaging in identifying blood-brain barrier damage. We present the case of a 69-year-old man diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma, currently in castration-resistant phase (last value of serum prostate-specific antigen: 45.1 ng/mL) with bone, mediastinal and inguinal lymph nodes, pulmonary, and hepatic metastases. In a contrast-enhanced whole-body computed tomography examination, the appearance of intra-axial brain lesions suspicious for metastases was documented. The subsequent contrast-enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging showed the presence of 5 intra-axial lesions consistent with brain metastases. These lesions exhibited hyperintense signals in T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images; after contrast agent administration, a ring-like contrast-enhancement was more clearly visible in T1-weighted images acquired later (about 15 minutes after contrast agent administration) than in those acquired earlier (about 5-7 minutes after contrast agent administration). In conclusion, for oncological subjects with multiple brain lesions lacking obvious contrast-enhancement using a standard magnetic resonance imaging protocol, we suggest acquiring late images. These might allow for the detection of even minimal post-contrast impregnation, improving confidence in the diagnosis of brain metastases."
51,brain tumour,39605941,Ferroptosis-related biomarkers for adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma treatment: conclusions from machine learning techniques.,"Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) is difficult to cure completely and prone to recurrence after surgery. Ferroptosis as an iron-dependent programmed cell death, may be a critical process in ACP. The study aimed to screen diagnostic markers related to ferroptosis in ACP to improve diagnostic accuracy."
52,brain tumour,39605524,Glioblastoma Drives Protease-Independent Extracellular Matrix Invasion of Microglia.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal form of primary brain cancer. Microglia infiltration into the tumor microenvironment is associated with immunosuppression and poor prognosis. Improved physicochemical understanding of microglia activation and invasion may provide novel GBM therapeutic strategies essential for improving long-term treatment efficacy. Here, we combine microfluidic systems with 3-D collagen hydrogels to systematically investigate microglia activation, invasion, contractility and cytokine secretion in response of GBM-microglia crosstalk. GBM inflammatory biomolecules significantly promote activation and 3D invasion of microglia. Interestingly, microglia invasion is not significantly affected by inhibitors of MMP activity or cellular glycolysis. In contrast, ROCK-pathway inhibition significantly impedes microglia invasion. Infrared microscopy analyses show that GBM co-culture does not significantly alter microglia lipid content. Further, GBM conditioned media resulted in significantly increased collagen hydrogel contraction, suggesting the importance of microglia contractility to physically remodel the local extracellular matrix (ECM). We also identify a panel of soluble proteins that may contribute to microglia chemotaxis, such as TIMP-1 and CXCL12. Taken together, this study suggests that the presence of GBM cells can enhance microglia invasion via increased cellular contractility, independent of MMP activity and cellular glycolysis."
53,brain tumour,39605517,Ezh2 Delays Activation of Differentiation Genes During Normal Cerebellar Granule Neuron Development and in Medulloblastoma.,"Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumour in children. The Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-medulloblastoma subtype arises from the cerebellar granule neuron lineage. Terminally differentiated neurons are incapable of undergoing further cell division, so an effective treatment for this tumour could be to force neuronal differentiation. Differentiation therapy provides a potential alternative for patients with medulloblastoma who harbor mutations that impair cell death pathways (TP53), which is associated a with high mortality. To this end, our goal was to explore epigenetic regulation of cerebellar granule neuron differentiation in medulloblastoma cells. Key regulators were discovered using chromatin immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing. DNA-bound protein and chromatin protein modifications were investigated across all genes. We discovered that Ezh2-mediated tri-methylation of the H3 histone (H3K27me3), occurred on more than half of the 787 genes whose transcription normally increases as granule neurons terminally differentiate. Conditional knockout of "
54,brain tumour,39605416,MAT2a and AHCY inhibition disrupts antioxidant metabolism and reduces glioblastoma cell survival.,Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary malignant adult brain tumor that inevitably recurs with a fatal prognosis. This is due in part to metabolic reprogramming that allows tumors to evade treatment. We therefore must uncover the pathways mediating these adaptations to develop novel and effective treatments. We searched for genes that are essential in GBM cells as measured by a whole-genome pan-cancer CRISPR screen available from DepMap and identified the methionine metabolism genes 
55,brain tumour,39605317,Cell migration simulator-based biomarkers for glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor with poor survival due to its invasive nature driven by cell migration, with unclear linkage to transcriptomic information. The aim of this study was to develop a physics-based framework connecting to transcriptomics to predict patient-specific glioblastoma cell migration."
56,brain tumour,39605316,Targeting the ,"Gliomas, the most frequent malignant primary brain tumors, lack curative treatments. Understanding glioma-specific molecular alterations is crucial to develop novel therapies. Among them, the biological consequences of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 gene mutation ("
57,brain tumour,39605177,Texture Analysis of Fibrous Meningioma Using Label-Free Multiphoton Microscopy.,"Fibrous meningiomas, a common type of brain tumor, present surgical challenges due to their variable hardness, which is crucial for complete resection and patient prognosis. This study explores the use of label-free multiphoton microscopy (MPM) for the objective assessment of the texture of fibrous meningiomas. Fresh tumor samples from 20 patients were analyzed using both multichannel and lambda mode MPM, with quantitative image analysis algorithms determining collagen content and multi-peak spectral fitting providing additional optical collagen metrics. The study compared medium and hard fibrous meningiomas, utilizing receiver operating characteristic analysis to evaluate predictive performance. Microstructural features were clearly visualized, enabling accurate diagnosis. Collagen-related parameters significantly differentiated between moderate and hard tumors (p < 0.05). High predictive values were observed for collagen content, collagen-to-NADH-free ratio, and collagen-to-FAD ratio (AUC = 0.748-0.839). A multivariate logistic model combining these biomarkers significantly improved diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.907). The findings suggest that MPM, with its ability to visualize and quantify microstructures such as collagen and cells without the need for staining, holds strong potential for rapid, objective, and accurate assessment of tumor texture during neurosurgery. The integration of MPM with multiphoton endoscopy paves the way for potential in vivo applications in the future."
58,brain tumour,39605095,Towards integrating imaging and immunology in glioblastoma: mapping blood immune system metrics to tumor magnetic resonance image data.,"Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive brain cancer. It is a highly immunology-driven disease as up to a third of its mass is composed of immune cells. Apart from immunology, imaging is a major research frontier. The VASARI (Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images) MRI feature set is a system designed to enable consistent description of gliomas using a set of defined visual features and controlled vocabulary. Even though imaging and immunology are both indispensable for glioblastoma phenotyping, a comprehensive integration of these two disciplines has not been performed so far."
59,brain tumour,39605004,Tailoring glioblastoma treatment based on longitudinal analysis of post-surgical tumor microenvironment.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), an incurable primary brain tumor, typically requires surgical intervention followed by chemoradiation; however, recurrences remain fatal. Our previous work demonstrated that a nanomedicine hydrogel (GemC"
60,brain tumour,39604586,How I do it: preoperative simulation and augmented reality assisted surgical resection of Glioblastoma in Broca's area.,"The emergence of virtual reality and augmented reality makes preoperative simulation and intraoperative real-time guidance possible, especially for lesions in functional areas."
61,brain tumour,39604503,The role of NLRP3 and NLRP12 inflammasomes in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest malignant brain tumor, with a survival of less than 14 months after diagnosis. The highly invasive nature of GBM makes total surgical resection challenging, leading to tumor recurrence and declined survival. The heterocellular composition of the GBM reprograms its microenvironment, favoring tumor growth, proliferation, and migration. The innate immune cells in the GBM tumor microenvironment, including microglia, astrocytes, and macrophages, express pattern recognition receptors such as NLRs (Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing) that sense pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns initiating inflammation. Upon activation, NLRP3 promotes inflammation by NLRP3 inflammasome formation. Auto-proteolytic cleavage and activation of Caspase-1 within the inflammasome leads to caspase-1-mediated cleavage, activation, and conversion of pro-IL-1ß and pro-IL-18 to IL-1ß and IL-18, leading to pyroptosis. In contrast, NLRP12 downregulates inflammatory responses in microglia and macrophages by regulating the NF-κB pathway. NLRP3 and NLRP12 have been implicated in the disease pathophysiology of several cancers with cell-context-dependent, pro- or anti-tumorigenic roles. In this review, we discuss the current literature on the mechanistic roles of NLRP3 and NLRP12 in GBM and the gaps in the scientific literature in the context of GBM pathophysiology with potential for targeted therapeutics."
62,brain tumour,39604452,Automated brain tumor recognition using equilibrium optimizer with deep learning approach on MRI images.,"Brain tumours (BT) affect human health owing to their location. Artificial intelligence (AI) is intended to assist in diagnosing and treating complex diseases by combining technologies like deep learning (DL), big data analytics, and machine learning (ML). AI can identify and categorize tumours by analyzing brain imaging approaches like Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The medical sector has been promptly shifted by evolving technology, and an essential element of these transformations is AI technology. AI model determines tumours' class, size, aggressiveness, and location. This assists medical doctors in making more exact diagnoses and treatment plans and helps patients better understand their health. Also, AI is used to track the progress of patients through treatment. AI-based analytics is used to predict potential tumour recurrence and assess treatment response. This study presents Brain Tumor Recognition using an Equilibrium Optimizer with a Deep Learning Approach (BTR-EODLA) technique for MRI images. The BTR-EODLA technique intends to recognize whether or not a BT presence exists. In the BTR-EODLA technique, median filtering (MF) is deployed to eliminate the noise in the input MRI. Besides, the squeeze-excitation ResNet (SE-ResNet50) model is applied to derive feature vectors, and its parameters are fine-tuned by the design of the EO model. The BTR-EODLA technique utilizes the stacked autoencoder (SAE) model for BT detection. A sequence of experiments is performed to ensure the improved performance of the BTR-EODLA technique. The investigational validation of the BTR-EODLA technique portrayed a superior accuracy value of 98.78% over existing models."
63,brain tumour,39604382,Utilization of Motor Imagery Training for Improvement of Balance of Ataxic Children after Medulloblastoma Resection.,"This study investigated the effects of training using motor imagery on balance, gait parameters, and ataxia severity in children after they underwent medulloblastoma tumour resection. Fifty participated children, aged seven-nine years and diagnosed with cerebellar ataxia after medulloblastoma resection were selected from the Tumor Hospital of Cairo University. Two groups of patients were randomly divided: the study group and the control group. The control group received a physical therapy program, whereas the study group received training in motor imagery along with a traditional physical therapy program. Each group was assessed using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), Pediatric Berg Balance Scale (PBBS), and kinematic gait analysis using the Kinovea software. Significant improvements were noted in balance, ataxia, and spatial and temporal gait parameters in both groups, which favoured the study group (P > 0.05). Training in motor imagery is an effective rehabilitation treatment for medulloblastoma resection and may be applied in combination with an appropriate physical therapy.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT05992207, 08-07-2023."
64,brain tumour,39604248,Clinical Response to Osimertinib in a Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patient With EGFR L833V/H835L Mutations: A Case Report.,"Lung cancer, a leading cause of cancer mortality, often involves epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, common in 17% of Caucasian and 40% of Asian non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. While the exon 19 deletion and L858R mutation are prevalent, rare variants like L833V/H835L are less understood. This case reports a 75-year-old female with NSCLC harboring L833V/H835L mutations. Initial imaging showed a right upper lobe mass and nodularity in the left upper lobe. Biopsy confirmed adenocarcinoma, and genomic analysis identified EGFR L833V/H835L mutations. Based on these findings, the patient was treated with osimertinib 160 mg daily, reduced to 80 mg due to side effects. After 3 months, positron emission tomography (PET) scans revealed significant tumor reduction, and brain metastasis remained stable. This case demonstrates the efficacy of osimertinib for rare EGFR mutations, aligning with literature suggesting its potential for managing such variants. Although large-scale trials are impractical due to the rarity of these mutations, this report adds valuable evidence supporting osimertinib's use, highlighting the need for comprehensive genomic profiling in NSCLC."
65,brain tumour,39604213,Nonlesional ileal transcriptome in Crohn's disease reveals alterations in immune response and metabolic pathway.,We aimed to assess the gene expression profiles of nonlesional small bowels in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) to identify its accompanying molecular alterations.
66,brain tumour,39603816,Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Fragment Linked to Tumor-Targeting Lipid Nanoparticle Can Eliminate Cancer and Its Metastasis via Photoimmunotherapy.,"Effective cancer therapy aims to treat primary tumors and metastatic and recurrent cancer. Immune checkpoint blockade-mediated immunotherapy has shown promising effects against tumors; however, its efficacy in metastatic or recurrent cancer is limited. Here, based on the advantages of nanomedicine, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that can target tumors are synthesized for photothermal therapy (PTT) and immunotherapy to treat primary and metastatic recurrent cancer. These LNPs, termed piLNPs, are encapsulated with indocyanine green and incorporated with the antigen (Ag)-binding fragment of the anti-PD-L1 antibody for targeting tumors and immunotherapy. Intravenously injected piLNPs in 4T1 breast tumor-bearing BALB/c mice effectively target the 4T1 tumor and are suitable for performing PTT using a near-infrared laser. Moreover, lung metastatic 4T1 tumor growth is completely prevented in mice previously cured of the 4T1 breast tumor by piLNP treatment and rechallenged with lung 4T1 metastatic cancer. Blockage of the second challenged metastatic 4T1 breast cancer by piLNP is due to the activation of Ag-specific T cells. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes from piLNP-cured mice selectively attack 4T1 breast cancer cells. Therefore, piLNP can be used as a multifunctional breast cancer treatment composition that can target tumors, treat primary tumors, and prevent metastasis and recurrence."
67,brain tumour,39603614,Structurally Distinct Nurr1 Ligands Exhibit Different Pharmacological Characteristics in Regulating Inflammatory Responses of Microglial BV-2 Cells.,"Nurr1 (NR4A2) is a member of nuclear receptor superfamily that regulates gene transcription in midbrain dopaminergic neurons and also inhibits nuclear factor-κB-mediated inflammatory responses in brain microglial cells. To date, various compounds have been reported to stimulate transcriptional activity of Nurr1 on neuronal genes, but their anti-inflammatory actions are poorly characterized. The present study examined the effects of three kinds of Nurr1 ligands, amodiaquine, 1,1-bis(3'-indolyl)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-methane (C-DIM12) and 5-chloronaphthalen-1-amine (5-CNA), on inflammatory responses of microglial BV-2 cells. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced upregulation of interleukin-1β mRNA and tumor necrosis factor α mRNA was inhibited by all three compounds, whereas upregulation of interleukin-6 mRNA and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA was significantly inhibited only by 5-CNA. On the other hand, LPS-induced nuclear translocation of p65 subunit of nuclear factor-κB was prevented only by amodiaquine. C-DIM12 increased nuclear localization of Nurr1 and transiently upregulated Nurr1 protein expression, whereas amodiaquine and 5-CNA had no effect on these parameters. Notably, inhibitory effect of 5-CNA on iNOS mRNA upregulation was reversed by co-application of amodiaquine. Conversely, inhibitory effect of amodiaquine on p65 nuclear translocation was cancelled by 5-CNA. These results reveal distinct characteristics of anti-inflammatory actions of Nurr1 ligands."
68,brain tumour,39603349,Recent advances in development and delivery of non-viral nucleic acid therapeutics for brain tumor therapy.,"High grade gliomas (HGG) are a group of CNS tumors refractory to currently existing therapies, which routinely leads to early recurrence and a dismal prognosis. Recent advancements in nucleic acid-based therapy using a wide variety of different molecular targets and non-viral nanocarrier systems suggest that this approach holds significant potential to meet the urgent demand for improved therapeutic options for the treatment of these tumors. This review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview on the current landscape and progress of preclinical and clinical developments in this rapidly evolving and exciting field of research, including optimized nanocarrier delivery systems, promising therapeutic targets and tailor-made therapeutic strategies for individualized HGG patient treatment."
69,brain tumour,39603279,A neural circuit from paratenial thalamic nucleus to anterior cingulate cortex for the regulation of opioid-induced hyperalgesia in male rats.,"Prolonged use of opioids can lead to increased sensitivity to painful stimuli, a condition referred to as opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). However, the mechanisms underlying this contradictory situation remain unclear. This study elucidates the pivotal role of the paratenial thalamic nucleus (PT)-anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) neuronal circuit in the development of OIH in male rats. Immunofluorescence and electrophysiology experiments demonstrated aberrant activation of PT glutamatergic neurons (PT"
70,brain tumour,39603023,Down-regulated BNC1 promotes glioma by inhibiting ferroptosis via TCF21/PI3K signaling pathway BNC1TCF21PI3K.,"We elucidate the role of the BNC1 gene in glioma and its potential mechanism. The expression levels of BNC1 in patients with glioma or corresponding cell lines were down-regulated. High BNC1 expression increased survival rate in patients with glioma. BNC1 gene reduced cell proliferation, and enhanced ferroptosis of glioma cells through the induction of TCF21/PI3K signaling pathway. Meanwhile, BNC1 gene could decline tumor proliferation in mice model of glioma. The ferroptosis inhibitor alleviated the impact of BNC1 on glioma ferroptosis, while the ferroptosis agonist weakened the effect of BNC1 on glioma ferroptosis. SiTCF21 also declined the effects of BNC1 on ferroptosis of glioma. The enhanced expression of TCF21 also inhibited the effect of BNC1 on ferroptosis of glioma. BNC1 protein interlinked with TCF21 protein, and bioluminescence imaging demonstrated that BNC1 enhanced TCF21 expression in the brain tissue of the mouse model of glioma. In conclusion, BNC1 reduced cell proliferation, and increased ferroptosis of glioma cells by TCF21/PI3K signaling pathway, may be a feasible strategy to treat glioma."
71,brain tumour,39602392,REST-dependent glioma progression occurs independently of the repression of the long non-coding RNA HAR1A.,"The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), HAR1A is emerging as a putative tumour suppressor. In non-neoplastic brain cells, REST suppresses HAR1A expression. In gliomas REST acts as an oncogene and is a potential therapeutic target. It is therefore conceivable that REST promotes glioma progression by down-regulating HAR1A. To test this hypothesis, glioma clinical databases were analysed to study: (I) HAR1A/REST correlation; (II) HAR1A and REST prognostic role; (III) molecular pathways associated with these genes. HAR1A expression and subcellular localization were studied in glioblastoma and paediatric glioma cells. REST function was also studied in these cells, by observing the effects of gene silencing on: (I) HAR1A expression; (II) cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration; (III) expression of neural differentiation genes. The same phenotypes (and cell morphology) were studied in HAR1A overexpressing cells. Our results show that REST and HAR1A are negatively correlated in gliomas. Higher REST expression predicts worse prognosis in low-grade gliomas (the opposite is true for HAR1A). REST-silencing induces HAR1A upregulation. HAR1A is primarily detected in the nucleus. REST-silencing dramatically reduces cell proliferation and induces apoptosis, but HAR1A overexpression has no major effect on investigated cell phenotypes. We also show that REST regulates the expression of neural differentiation genes and that its oncogenic function is primarily HAR1A-independent."
72,brain tumour,39602134,Targeting CNS Metastases in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Evolving Approaches Using Molecular Markers: A Review.,"Central nervous system (CNS) metastases presenting as either brain parenchymal metastases or leptomeningeal metastases are diagnosed in up to 50% of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer during their disease course. While historically associated with a poor prognosis due to limited treatment options, the availability of an increasing number of targeted therapies with good CNS penetration has significantly improved clinical outcomes for these patients. This has occurred in parallel with a more nuanced understanding of prognostic factors."
73,brain tumour,39601929,Congenital intracranial immature teratoma in a preterm infant: illustrative case.,Congenital intracranial immature teratoma is a rare tumor that is present in the first year of life. It is composed of three embryonic germ layers. These tumors are mainly manifested by hydrocephalus. Radiological investigations and histopathological studies are crucial to evaluating and diagnosing intracranial immature teratoma. Few cases were documented in the literature.
74,brain tumour,39601897,"Dopamine D1-Like Receptor Stimulation Induces CREB, Arc, and BDNF Dynamic Changes in Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells.","The dopamine D1-like receptor is a dopamine (DA) receptor regulating diverse brain functions. Once the dopamine D1-like receptor is activated, it induces activation of the Protein Kinase A (PKA) that phosphorylates the cAMP Response Element-Binding (CREB) transcription factor, which once active elicits the expression of the critical synaptic elements Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated (Arc) and the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). The temporality and subcellular localization of proteins impact brain function. However, there is no information about the temporality of CREB activation and Arc and BDNF levels induced through dopamine D1-like receptor activation. In this study, we aimed to assess the specific effect of dopamine D1-like receptor activation on the temporality of CREB-phosphorylation (p-CREB"
75,brain tumour,39601895,Spontaneous regression of paediatric pituitary lesions-report of 2 cases and literature review.,"Pituitary lesions are rare in the pediatric population. They consist of a heterogenous group of neoplasms including pituitary adenomas (PA) and Rathke cleft cysts (RCC). Their natural history, management strategies, and long-term outcomes are mostly extrapolated from adult experience. Neurosurgical intervention may be necessary for large and/or symptomatic lesions. Of note, the likelihood of their spontaneous regression is uncommon. We report 2 interesting cases of such a phenomenon for these lesions and discuss our findings in corroboration with current literature."
76,brain tumour,39601873,Radiation-induced Moyamoya syndrome-missed diagnosis with a fatal outcome in a recurrent craniopharyngioma.,"Secondary Moyamoya syndrome (MMS) is a rare but serious complication of radiotherapy (RT) in patients with craniopharyngiomas. This report details the fatal clinical course in a 4-year-old girl with a recurrent craniopharyngioma and a missed diagnosis of RT-induced Moyamoya syndrome. Her clinical condition deteriorated a day after uneventful re-exploratory transcranial surgery. She succumbed to bilateral internal carotid artery territory infarcts that were angiographically confirmed to be secondary to MMS. This case underscores the importance of diagnosing RT-induced vasculopathy, a complication that can occur as early as 10 months after completion of RT. Treatment of the condition includes medical management and performing revascularization procedure(s). If these patients require re-exploratory surgery for tumor recurrence, a trans-nasal approach should be used. This avoids the disruption of existing trans-dural collaterals-a phenomenon that could occur with transcranial surgery."
77,brain tumour,39601621,Tumor expression of CD83 reduces glioma progression and is associated with reduced immunosuppression.,"Malignant glioma, the most lethal form of brain cancer, presents with an immunosuppressive microenvironment that obstructs tumor cell clearance and hampers immunotherapeutic interventions. Despite advancements in characterizing cellular and extracellular profiles in cancer, the immunosuppressive mechanisms specific to glioma remain poorly understood. We conducted single-cell RNA sequencing of glioma samples, which revealed a select subset of human and mouse glioma cells that express CD83, a marker associated with mature antigen-presenting cells (APCs). To investigate the impact of tumor cell CD83 expression of glioma outcomes, we employed an immunocompetent mouse model of glioma, bioinformatics analyses of human samples and in vitro assays. Our findings revealed that CD83+ tumor cells contribute to tumor growth suppression and are associated with enhanced cytotoxic T cell profiles and activated CD8+ T cells. Increased proinflammatory cytokines were identified in CD83-overexpressing tumor conditions, which were also correlated with long-term CD8+ antitumor responses. Importantly, tumor-derived CD83 could mediate communication with T cells, altering the immune microenvironment to potentially enhance immune related tumor clearance. Collectively, our data suggest that tumor cell expression of CD83 supports the endogenous anti-tumor T cell constituency in malignant glioma. Future research endeavors may aim to further investigate whether CD83 expression can enhance immunotherapeutic approaches and improve patient outcomes."
78,brain tumour,39601583,A Patient With Rectal Cancer With Cranial Metastasis Resulting in Epidural Hematoma.,"The incidence of colorectal cancer ranks third among all types of cancer. Effective treatment for colorectal cancer patients has not only improved their survival rate but it has also increased the possibility of tumor metastasis. It has been reported that the incidence of brain metastasis in colorectal cancer is low, but the improvement in patient survival and the lack of routine brain imaging may lower the actual incidence of brain metastasis in colorectal cancer. This article discusses a case of a patient with colorectal cancer brain metastasis, who was found to have a subdural hematoma as the main symptom."
79,brain tumour,39601494,Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Red Herring for Brain Tumor-Related Epilepsy.,No abstract found
80,brain tumour,39601147,Neutrophil CRACR2A Promotes Neutrophil Recruitment in Sterile Inflammation and Ischemic Stroke.,Ca
81,brain tumour,39600946,Radiation therapy in functioning and no functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumor: systematic review of the recent literature after 2011.,"Neuroendocrine pituitary tumor, a benign cells proliferation, can cause significant morbidity due to its local invasiveness and secretory properties. Historically, radiotherapy has been employed as a second or third-line treatment option, with studies dating back to the mid-20th century. However, advancements in radiotherapy techniques, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), stereotactic radiosurgery, and proton therapy, have revolutionized treatment approaches. This review aims to critically evaluate the recent literature (2011-2022) on the use of radiotherapy in both functioning and nonfunctioning neuroendocrine pituitary tumor. We employed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology to systematically analyze 52 articles, focusing on local and hormonal control, radiotherapy protocols, and treatment-related side effects."
82,brain tumour,39600632,Prognostic significance of collagen content in solitary fibrous tumors of the central nervous system.,We aimed to explore the prognostic significance of collagen content in solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) of the central nervous system (CNS) and preliminarily investigate its relationship with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of SFTs.
83,brain tumour,39600281,,"Glioma, a malignant brain tumour, poses a significant threat to human life and well-being. Identifying new treatment targets is crucial. This study aimed to explore the impact of "
84,brain tumour,39600270,Microgravity Effects on Glioma Cells: A Comprehensive Review.,"High-grade gliomas (HGGs) represent a formidable challenge in neuro-oncology due to their aggressive nature and resistance to current therapeutic interventions, which include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and emerging immunotherapies. Despite these efforts, the prognosis for patients remains poor, emphasizing the urgent need for novel treatment strategies. One promising avenue of exploration is microgravity, a condition experienced during spaceflight and simulated in laboratories on Earth, which induces significant physiological changes in cells and tissues. This review synthesizes relevant literature and provides a comprehensive overview of microgravity's effects on glioma cells, encompassing alterations in cell proliferation, apoptosis, gene expression, and a comparative analysis of its impact on other cancer cell types. Studies utilizing simulated microgravity techniques such as clinostats and rotating wall vessels have demonstrated that glioma cells exhibit reduced viability, altered growth patterns, and enhanced activation of apoptotic pathways compared to controls under normal gravity conditions. These findings are significant given the inherent resistance of gliomas to apoptosis; a process critical for the effectiveness of conventional therapies. Despite the challenges in accurately replicating the microgravity environment of space on Earth, simulated microgravity studies have elucidated molecular mechanisms underlying cellular responses. These mechanisms include DNA damage, impaired DNA repair mechanisms, and modulation of apoptotic pathways, which suggest potential vulnerabilities that could be targeted to improve therapeutic outcomes in glioma treatment. Moving forward, further research is essential to deepen our understanding of the specific molecular pathways involved in microgravity-induced effects on glioma cells. This knowledge could pave the way for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing apoptosis and overcoming treatment resistance in HGGs. Ultimately, microgravity research offers promising opportunities to advance neuro-oncology by identifying new therapeutic targets and improving clinical outcomes for patients with HHG."
85,brain tumour,39599889,Oncolytic Virotherapies and Adjuvant Gut Microbiome Therapeutics to Enhance Efficacy Against Malignant Gliomas.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent malignant brain tumor. Current standard-of-care treatments offer limited benefits for patient survival. Virotherapy is emerging as a novel strategy to use oncolytic viruses (OVs) for the treatment of GBM. These engineered and non-engineered viruses infect and lyse cancer cells, causing tumor destruction without harming healthy cells. Recent advances in genetic modifications to OVs have helped improve their targeting capabilities and introduce therapeutic genes, broadening the therapeutic window and minimizing potential side effects. The efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy can be enhanced by combining it with other treatments such as immunotherapy, chemotherapy, or radiation. Recent studies suggest that manipulating the gut microbiome to enhance immune responses helps improve the therapeutic efficacy of the OVs. This narrative review intends to explore OVs and their role against solid tumors, especially GBM while emphasizing the latest technologies used to enhance and improve its therapeutic and clinical responses."
86,brain tumour,39599878,Differential Replication and Oncolytic Effects of Zika Virus in Aggressive CNS Tumor Cells: Insights from Organoid and Tumoroid Models.,"Central nervous system (CNS) cancers are responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Malignant CNS tumors such as adult Glioblastoma (GBM) and pediatric embryonal CNS tumors such as medulloblastoma (MED) and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRT) present relevant therapeutic challenges due to the lack of response to classic treatment regimens with radio and chemotherapy. Recent findings on the Zika virus' (ZIKV) ability to infect and kill CNS neoplastic cells draw attention to the virus' oncolytic potential. Studies demonstrating the safety of using ZIKV for treating malignant CNS tumors, enabling the translation of this approach to clinical trials, are scarce in the literature. Here we developed a co-culture model of mature human cerebral organoids assembled with GBM, MED or ATRT tumor cells and used these assembloids to test ZIKV oncolytic effect, replication potential and preferential targeting between normal and cancer cells. Our hybrid co-culture models allowed the tracking of tumor cell growth and invasion in cerebral organoids. ZIKV replication and ensuing accumulation in the culture medium was higher in organoids co-cultured with tumor cells than in isolated control organoids without tumor cells. ZIKV infection led to a significant reduction in tumor cell proportion in organoids with GBM and MED cells, but not with ATRT. Tumoroids (3D cultures of tumor cells alone) were efficiently infected by ZIKV. Interestingly, ZIKV rapidly replicated in GBM, MED, and ATRT tumoroids reaching significantly higher viral RNA accumulation levels than co-cultures. Moreover, ZIKV infection reduced viable cells number in MED and ATRT tumoroids but not in GBM tumoroids. Altogether, our findings indicate that ZIKV has greater replication rates in aggressive CNS tumor cells than in normal human cells comprising cerebral organoids. However, such higher ZIKV replication in tumor cells does not necessarily parallels oncolytic effects, suggesting cellular intrinsic and extrinsic factors mediating tumor cell death by ZIKV."
87,brain tumour,39599630,Diet Quality and Dietary Intake in Breast Cancer Survivors Suffering from Chronic Pain: An Explorative Case-Control Study.,
88,brain tumour,39599122,Automatic Image Registration Provides Superior Accuracy Compared with Surface Matching in Cranial Navigation.,"The precision of neuronavigation systems relies on the correct registration of the patient's position in space and aligning it with radiological 3D imaging data. Registration is usually performed by the acquisition of anatomical landmarks or surface matching based on facial features. Another possibility is automatic image registration using intraoperative imaging. This could provide better accuracy, especially in rotated or prone positions where the other methods may be difficult to perform. The aim of this study was to validate automatic image registration (AIR) using intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for cranial neurosurgical procedures and compare the registration accuracy to the traditional surface matching (SM) registration method based on preoperative MRI. The preservation of navigation accuracy throughout the surgery was also investigated."
89,brain tumour,39598712,Curcumin Derivatives in Medicinal Chemistry: Potential Applications in Cancer Treatment.,"Curcumin, a naturally occurring compound found in the rhizome of "
90,brain tumour,39598559,Towards Aptamer-Targeted Drug Delivery to Brain Tumors: The Synthesis of Ramified Conjugates of an EGFR-Specific Aptamer with MMAE on a Cathepsin B-Cleavable Linker.,
91,brain tumour,39598347,Unite and Conquer: Association of Two G-Quadruplex Aptamers Provides Antiproliferative and Antimigration Activity for Cells from High-Grade Glioma Patients.,
92,brain tumour,39598176,An Overview of Reviews on Predictors of Neurorehabilitation in Surgical or Non-Surgical Patients with Brain Tumours.,"(1) Background. People suffering from brain cancer, regardless of histological tumour characteristics, often experience motor disturbances, cognitive-behavioural difficulty, language impairments, and functional and social limitations. The current treatment approach entails surgery and adjuvant therapy such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy combined with intensive rehabilitation. The primary focus of rehabilitation is usually motor and functional recovery, without specifically addressing the patient's quality of life. The present systematic review identifies and evaluates the predictors of functional and cognitive rehabilitation outcomes and their influence on quality of life in adult patients with brain cancer. (2) Methods. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Elsevier, Cochrane) were searched for reviews about functional, cognitive, and quality-of-life outcomes in patients with central nervous system tumours, including articles published between January 2018 and May 2024. (3) Results. The search retrieved 399 records, 40 of which were reviewed. Five main areas of predictive factors were identified: diagnosis, therapy, complications, outcomes (in the motor, cognitive, and quality-of-life categories), and tailored rehabilitation. (4) Conclusions. These indicators may inform integrated care pathways for patients with primary central nervous system tumours."
93,brain tumour,39597520,Improved Isolation Optimizes Downstream Application of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from ,
94,brain tumour,39597073,Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Effects and Therapeutic Implications in Cerebral Gliomas.,"Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors, representing approximately 28% of all central nervous system tumors. These tumors are characterized by rapid progression and show a median survival of approximately 18 months. The therapeutic options consist of surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite the multidisciplinary approach and the biomolecular role of targeted therapies, the median progression-free survival is approximately 6-8 months. The incomplete tumor compliance with treatment is due to several factors such as the presence of the blood-brain barrier, the numerous pathways involved in tumor transformation, and the presence of intra-tumoral mutations. Among these, the interaction between the mutations of genes involved in tumor bio-energetic metabolism and the functional response of the tumor has become the protagonist of numerous studies. In this scenario, the main role is played by mitochondria, cellular organelles delimited by a double membrane and containing their own DNA (mtDNA), which participates in numerous cellular processes such as the regulation of cellular metabolism, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis and is also the main source of cellular energy production. Therefore, it is understood that the mitochondrion, specifically its functional alteration, is a leading figure in tumor transformation, including brain tumors. The acquisition of mutations in the mitochondrial DNA of tumor cells and the subsequent identification of the so-called mitochondria-related genes (MRGs), both functional (mutation of Complex I) and structural (mutations of Complex III/IV), have been seen to play an important role in metabolic reprogramming with increased proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, and the progression of tumorigenesis. This demonstrates that these mitochondrial alterations could have a role not only in the intrinsic tumor biology but also in the extrinsic one associated with the therapeutic response. We aim to summarize the main mitochondrial dysfunction interactions present in gliomas and how they might impact prognosis."
95,brain tumour,39597056,Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 4 (STAT4) Association with Pituitary Adenoma.,
96,brain tumour,39596997,Rosiridin Protects Against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Memory Impairment via Modulation of BDNF/NFκB/PI3K/Akt Pathway in Rats.,
97,brain tumour,39596840,"IDH Mutations in Glioma: Molecular, Cellular, Diagnostic, and Clinical Implications.","In 2021, the World Health Organization classified isocitrate dehydrogenase ("
98,brain tumour,39596626,LCM-RNAseq Highlights Intratumor Heterogeneity and a lncRNA Signature from Archival Tissues of GH-Secreting PitNETs.,This study explores the potential for hidden variations within seemingly uniform regions of growth hormone-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (GH-PitNETs). We employed archived tissue samples using Laser Capture Microdissection Sequencing (LCM-RNAseq) to probe the molecular landscape of these tumors at a deeper level.
99,brain tumour,39596558,Metabolic and Epigenetic Mechanisms in Hepatoblastoma: Insights into Tumor Biology and Therapeutic Targets.,"Hepatoblastoma, the most common pediatric liver malignancy, is characterized by significant molecular heterogeneity and poor prognosis in advanced stages. Recent studies highlight the importance of metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic dysregulation in hepatoblastoma pathogenesis. This review aims to explore the metabolic alterations and epigenetic mechanisms involved in hepatoblastoma and how these processes contribute to tumor progression and survival."
100,brain tumour,39596296,Integrated Transcriptome Profiling and Pan-Cancer Analyses Reveal Oncogenic Networks and Tumor-Immune Modulatory Roles for FABP7 in Brain Cancers.,"Fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) is a multifunctional chaperone involved in lipid metabolism and signaling. It is primarily expressed in astrocytes and neural stem cells (NSCs), as well as their derived malignant glioma cells within the central nervous system. Despite growing evidence for FABP7's tumor-intrinsic onco-metabolic functions, its mechanistic role in regulating the brain tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and its impact on prognosis at the molecular level remain incompletely understood. Utilizing combined transcriptome profiling and pan-cancer analysis approaches, we report that FABP7 mediates the expression of multiple onco-immune drivers, collectively impacting tumor immunity and clinical outcomes across brain cancer subtypes. An analysis of a single-cell expression atlas revealed that FABP7 is predominantly expressed in the glial lineage and malignant cell populations in gliomas, with nuclear localization in their parental NSCs. Pathway and gene enrichment analysis of RNA sequencing data from wild-type (WT) and Fabp7-knockout (KO) mouse brains, alongside control (CTL) and FABP7-overexpressing (FABP7 OV) human astrocytes, revealed a more pronounced effect of FABP7 levels on multiple cancer-associated pathways. Notably, genes linked to brain cancer progression and tumor immunity (ENO1, MUC1, COL5A1, and IL11) were significantly downregulated (>2-fold) in KO brain tissue but were upregulated in FABP7 OV astrocytes. Furthermore, an analysis of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed robust correlations between the expression of these factors, as well as FABP7, and established glioma oncogenes (EGFR, BRAF, NF1, PDGFRA, IDH1), with stronger associations seen in low-grade glioma (LGG) than in glioblastoma (GBM). TIME profiling also revealed that the expression of FABP7 and the genes that it modulates was significantly associated with prognosis and survival, particularly in LGG patients, by influencing the infiltration of immunosuppressive cell populations within tumors. Overall, our findings suggest that FABP7 acts as an intracellular regulator of pro-tumor immunomodulatory genes, exerting a synergistic effect on the TIME and clinical outcomes in brain cancer subtypes."
101,brain tumour,39596246,IDH1 R132H and TP53 R248Q Mutations Modulate Glioma Cell Migration and Adhesion on Different ECM Components.,"Mutations in IDH1 and TP53 have a significant impact on glioma prognosis and progression; however, their roles in tumor cell invasion in terms of interactions with particular components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are still unclear. Using gene editing protocol based on CRISPR-Cas 9 with cytidine deaminase, we introduced point mutations into U87MG glioblastoma cells to establish modified cell lines with heterozygous IDH1 R132H, homozygous TP53 R248Q and heterozygous IDH1 R132H, homozygous TP53 R248Q genotypes. A comparative study of cell migration on major ECM components was carried out by high-content microscopy. IDH1 R132H mutation introduced to U87MG glioblastoma cells was shown to decrease the migration speed on Matrigel and collagen IV substrates compared to the wild-type. This data were supported by cell adhesion quantification via the lateral shift assay performed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). TP53 R248Q mutation increased cell adhesion to various substrates and significantly promoted cell migration on hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate but did not change the migration rates on laminin and collagens IV and I. A double-mutant genotype produced by consequently introducing IDH1 R132H and TP53 R248Q to parental glioblastoma cells was characterized by the highest migration among all the cell lines, with particularly faster motility on chondroitin sulfate. These findings underscore the complex interactions between glioma cells, with the most important driver mutations and specific ECM components regulating cancer cell migration, offering valuable insights for potential therapeutic targets in glioma treatment."
102,brain tumour,39596080,Comprehensive Analysis of the Potential Toxicity of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Medical Applications: Cellular Mechanisms and Systemic Effects.,"Owing to recent advancements in nanotechnology, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs), particularly magnetite (Fe"
103,brain tumour,39595920,Prognostic Role of Invasion-Related Extracellular Matrix Molecules in Diffusely Infiltrating Grade 2 and 3 Astrocytomas.,"Astrocytoma, an IDH-mutant is a common primary brain tumor. Total surgical resection is not feasible due to peritumoral infiltration mediated by extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules."
104,brain tumour,39595909,New Pharmacological Insight into Etanercept and Pregabalin in Allodynia and Nociception: Behavioral Studies in a Murine Neuropathic Pain Model.,
105,brain tumour,39595908,High Expression of GABA,
106,brain tumour,39595882,Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairments (CRCIs) in Non-Central Nervous System Adult Patients: Outcome Measures and Methodology of Assessment: A Literature Review.,"Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) represents one of the most common and debilitating effects in patients surviving after cancer treatments. Neurocognitive deficits are important causes of disability and burden in cancer survivors. The true magnitude of CRCI is difficult to define due to significant heterogeneity of literature data. At present, there is no agreement on the gold standard for detection and grading of CRCI in clinical trials, and there is a lack of clear knowledge of its pathophysiology."
107,brain tumour,39595821,A Systematic Review of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Potential Treatment for Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely aggressive brain tumor that has few available treatment options and a dismal prognosis. Recent research has highlighted the potential of extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) produced from mesenchymal stem cells as a potential treatment approach for GBM. MSC-EVs, including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, perform a significant function in cellular communication and have shown promise in mediating anti-tumor effects."
108,brain tumour,39595652,Metabolites and Metabolic Functional Changes-Potential Markers for Endothelial Cell Senescence.,"Accumulation of senescent endothelial cells (ECs) in vasculature represents a key step in the development of vascular aging and ensuing age-related diseases. Given that removal of senescent ECs may prevent disease and improve health and wellbeing, the discovery of novel biomarkers that effectively identify senescent cells is of particular importance. As crucial elements for biological pathways and reliable bioindicators of cellular processes, metabolites demand attention in this context. Using senescent human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) displaying a secretory phenotype and significant morphological, nuclear, and enzymatic changes compared to their young counterparts, this study has shown that senescent HBMECs lose their endothelial characteristics as evidenced by the disappearance of CD31/PECAM-1 from interendothelial cell junctions. The metabolic profiling of young versus senescent HBMECs also indicates significant differences in glucose, glutamine, and fatty acid metabolism. The analysis of intracellular and secreted metabolites proposes L-proline, L-glutamate, NAD"
109,brain tumour,39595571,Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis Links DNMT3B and PFKFB4 Transcriptional Profiles with Metastatic Traits in Hepatoblastoma.,"Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver cancer in children. Poor outcomes are primarily associated with patients who have distant metastases. Using the Mammalian Metabolic Enzyme Database, we investigated the overexpression of metabolic enzymes in hepatoblastoma tumors compared to noncancerous liver tissue in the GSE131329 transcriptome dataset. For the overexpressed enzymes, we applied ElasticNet machine learning to assess their predictive value for metastasis. A metabolic expression score was then computed from the significant enzymes and integrated into a clinical-biological logistic regression model. Forty-one overexpressed enzymes distinguished hepatoblastoma tumors from noncancerous liver tissues. Eighteen of these enzymes predicted metastasis status with an AUC of 0.90, demonstrating 85.7% sensitivity and 92.3% specificity. ElasticNet machine learning identified "
110,brain tumour,39595195,The Role of HDAC6 in Glioblastoma Multiforme: A New Avenue to Therapeutic Interventions?,"Despite the great advances in basic research results, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) still remains an incurable tumour. To date, a GBM diagnosis is a death sentence within 15-18 months, due to the high recurrence rate and resistance to conventional radio- and chemotherapy approaches. The effort the scientific community is lavishing on the never-ending battle against GBM is reflected by the huge number of clinical trials launched, about 2003 on 10 September 2024. However, we are still far from both an in-depth comprehension of the biological and molecular processes leading to GBM onset and progression and, importantly, a cure. GBM is provided with high intratumoral heterogeneity, immunosuppressive capacity, and infiltrative ability due to neoangiogenesis. These features impact both tumour aggressiveness and therapeutic vulnerability, which is further limited by the presence in the tumour core of niches of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) that are responsible for the relapse of this brain neoplasm. Epigenetic alterations may both drive and develop along GBM progression and also rely on changes in the expression of the genes encoding histone-modifying enzymes, including histone deacetylases (HDACs). Among them, HDAC6-a cytoplasmic HDAC-has recently gained attention because of its role in modulating several biological aspects of GBM, including DNA repair ability, massive growth, radio- and chemoresistance, and de-differentiation through primary cilia disruption. In this review article, the available information related to HDAC6 function in GBM will be presented, with the aim of proposing its inhibition as a valuable therapeutic route for this deadly brain tumour."
111,brain tumour,39595159,Tumor-Promoted Changes in Pediatric Brain Histology Can Be Distinguished from Normal Parenchyma by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging.,
112,brain tumour,39595156,A Review of Limbic System-Associated Membrane Protein in Tumorigenesis.,"This review aims to describe the role of limbic system-associated membrane protein (LSAMP) in normal- and pathophysiology, and its potential implications in oncogenesis. We have summarized research articles reporting the role of LSAMP in the development of a variety of malignancies, such as clear cell renal cell carcinoma, prostatic adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma, acute myeloid leukemia, and epithelial ovarian cancer. We also examine the current understanding of how defects in LSAMP gene function may contribute to oncogenesis. Finally, this review discusses the implications of future LSAMP research and clinical applications."
113,brain tumour,39595126,Transfer Learning Approaches for Brain Metastases Screenings.,"In this study, we examined the effectiveness of transfer learning in improving automatic segmentation of brain metastases on magnetic resonance imaging scans, with potential applications in preventive exams and remote diagnostics."
114,brain tumour,39595047,Amino Acid Deprivation in Glioblastoma: The Role in Survival and the Tumour Microenvironment-A Narrative Review.,"Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumour, characterised by its invasive nature and complex metabolic profile. Emerging research highlights the role of amino acids (AAs) in glioblastoma metabolism, influencing tumour growth and the surrounding microenvironment."
115,brain tumour,39594818,"Editorial for Special Issue ""Brain Tumor Microenvironment"".","The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex interplay of cells, extracellular matrix, and signaling molecules that significantly influences tumor growth, invasion, and resistance to therapy [...]."
116,brain tumour,39594814,Immunophenotypic Profile of Adult Glioblastoma IDH-Wildtype Microenvironment: A Cohort Study.,
117,brain tumour,39594800,Risk of Postoperative Hemorrhage After Glioma Surgery in Patients with Preoperative Acetylsalicylic Acid.,"Patients with gliomas show an increased risk of spontaneous hemorrhages throughout the disease. Simultaneously, the number of patients taking acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) for primary and secondary prophylaxis is rising in daily clinical practice, and interrupting ASA intake before elective or emergency intracranial surgery is not always feasible. This study aims to evaluate the risks associated with continuing ASA use perioperatively while focusing on hemorrhage and potential thromboembolic events that may arise from discontinuing ASA, particularly in multimorbid patients undergoing glioma surgery."
118,brain tumour,39594720,Tumor-Infiltrating B Cells and Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells as Prognostic Indicators in Brain Metastases Derived from Gastrointestinal Cancers.,"Tumor-infiltrating B cells (TIBs) and tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) play significant roles in antitumor immunity. However, their prognostic relevance in brain metastases (BMs) derived from gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of TIBs and TRMs in GI cancer-derived BMs (GIBMs)."
119,brain tumour,39594703,Exploring Extracellular Vesicle Surface Protein Markers Produced by Glioblastoma Tumors: A Characterization Study Using In Vitro 3D Patient-Derived Cultures.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer with limited treatment options. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from GBM cells contain important biomarkers, such as microRNAs, proteins, and DNA mutations, which are involved in tumor progression, invasion, and resistance to treatment. Identifying surface markers on these EVs is crucial for their isolation and potential use in noninvasive diagnosis. This study aimed to use tumor-derived explants to investigate the surface markers of EVs and explore their role as diagnostic biomarkers for GBM."
120,brain tumour,39594700,Multi-Omic Characterization of Single Cells and Cell-Free Components Detected in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Leptomeningeal Disease.,"Up to 30% of patients with breast cancers will develop brain or leptomeningeal metastases, and this risk is especially high with HER2-positive cancers. For patients with central nervous system metastases, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) liquid biopsies are a promising opportunity to monitor disease, inform treatment, and predict prognosis. This pilot study investigated CSF liquid biopsy analytes from three patients diagnosed with central nervous system metastases based on imaging but not confirmed via clinical cytology."
121,brain tumour,39594692,Mitochondrial Iron Metabolism as a Potential Key Mediator of PD-L1 Thermal Regulation.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain malignancy in the U.S. with a 5-year overall survival < 5% despite an aggressive standard of care. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a surgical approach to treating GBM that has gained traction, providing a safe option for reducing intracranial tumor burden. LITT is believed to potentially modulate GBM immune responses; however, the biochemical mechanisms underlying the modulation of immune checkpoints in GBM cells have been poorly characterized. The present study aimed to preliminarily evaluate the effects of thermal therapy and radiation on PD-L1 modulation in vitro, as a function of IDH mutational status. U87 cells and their IDH-mutant counterpart (U87"
122,brain tumour,39594660,Dissecting the Impact of Genetic Background on Oncogenic Response to Radiation Exposure in the ,"Medulloblastoma (MB) is a common primary brain cancer in children. The sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway is indispensable for the normal development of the cerebellum, and MB is often caused by persistent SHH activation owing to mutations in pathway components. Patched1 ("
123,brain tumour,39594637,Cytogenomic Characterization of Murine Neuroblastoma Cell Line Neuro-2a and Its Two Derivatives Neuro-2a TR-Alpha and Neuro-2a TR-Beta.,"The Neuro-2a cell line, derived from a murine neuroblastoma (NB), was established as early as 1969 and originates from a transplantable tumor that arose spontaneously in an A/Jax male mouse in 1940. Since then, it has been applied in over 10,000 studies and is used by the World Organization for Animal Health for the routine diagnosis of rabies. Surprisingly, however, Neuro-2a has never been genetically characterized in detail; this study fills that gap."
124,brain tumour,39594630,"Non-Immune-Mediated, p27-Associated, Growth Inhibition of Glioblastoma by Class-II-Transactivator (CIITA).","Previous works have shown that the expression of Class-II-Transactivator (CIITA) in tumor cells reduces the growth of glioblastoma (GB) in animal models, but immune effects cannot solely explain this. Here, we searched for immune-independent effects of CIITA on the proliferation of GB."
125,brain tumour,39594629,FAAH Inhibition Reverses Depressive-like Behavior and Sex-Specific Neuroinflammatory Alterations Induced by Early Life Stress.,"Early life stress (ELS) increases predisposition to major depressive disorder (MDD), with neuroinflammation playing a crucial role. This study investigated the long-term effects of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597 on ELS-induced depressive-like behavior and messenger RNA (mRNA) of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and CA1 regions. We also assessed whether these gene expression alterations were present at the onset of URB597 treatment during late adolescence. ELS induced a depressive-like phenotype in adult male and female rats, which was reversed by URB597. In the mPFC, ELS downregulated nuclear factor kappa B1 (nfκb1) in both sexes, while URB597 normalized this expression exclusively in males. In females, ELS downregulated interleukin (il) 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfα) but upregulated il1β and corticotropin-releasing factor (crf); URB597 normalized il6, il1β, and crf. In the CA1, ELS downregulated il1β and tnfα in males and upregulated il1β expression in females, which was reversed by URB597. Some of these effects began in late adolescence, including mPFC-nfκb1 expression in both sexes, mPFC-il6 and mPFC-il1β in females, CA1-il1β and CA1-tnfα in males, and CA1-il1β in females. These findings highlight URB597 as a therapeutic approach for reversing ELS-induced depressive-like behavior by associating with changes in the gene expression of neuroinflammatory cytokines, with notable sex differences."
126,brain tumour,39594617,Clinical Applications of Antisense Oligonucleotides in Cancer: A Focus on Glioblastoma.,"Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are promising drugs capable of modulating the protein expression of virtually any target with high specificity and high affinity through complementary base pairing. However, this requires a deep understanding of the target sequence and significant effort in designing the correct complementary drug. In addition, ASOs have been demonstrated to be well tolerated during their clinical use. Indeed, they are already used in many diseases due to pathogenic RNAs of known sequences and in several neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic diseases, for which they were given marketing authorizations (MAs) in Europe and the United States. Their use in oncology is gaining momentum with several identified targets, promising preclinical and clinical results, and recent market authorizations in the US. However, many challenges remain for their clinical use in cancer. It seems necessary to take a step back and review our knowledge of ASOs and their therapeutic uses in oncology. The objectives of this review are (i) to summarize the current state of the art of ASOs; (ii) to discuss the therapeutic use of ASOs in cancer; and (iii) to focus on ASO usage in glioblastoma, the challenges, and the perspective ahead."
127,brain tumour,39594584,"Modeling Lymphoma Angiogenesis, Lymphangiogenesis, and Vessel Co-Option, and the Effects of Inhibition of Lymphoma-Vessel Interactions with an αCD20-EndoP125A Antibody Fusion Protein.","Lymphoma growth, progression, and dissemination require tumor cell interaction with supporting vessels and are facilitated through tumor-promoted angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and/or lymphoma vessel co-option. Vessel co-option has been shown to be responsible for tumor initiation, metastasis, and resistance to anti-angiogenic treatment but is largely uncharacterized in the setting of lymphoma. We developed an in vitro model to study lymphoma-vessel interactions and found that mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells co-cultured on Matrigel with human umbilical vein (HUVEC) or human lymphatic (HLEC) endothelial cells migrate to and anneal with newly formed capillary-like (CLS) or lymphatic-like (LLS) structures, consistent with lymphoma-vessel co-option. To inhibit this interaction, we constructed an antibody fusion protein, αCD20-EndoP125A, linking mutant anti-angiogenic endostatin (EndoP125A) to an αCD20-IgG1-targeting antibody. αCD20-EndoP125A inhibited both CLS and LLS formation, as well as MCL migration and vessel co-option. Lymphoma vessel co-option requires cell migration, which is regulated by chemokine-chemokine receptor interactions. CXCL12 and its receptor, CXCR4, are highly expressed by both endothelial cells forming CLS and by MCL cells during vessel co-option. αCD20-EndoP125A suppressed expression of both CXCL12 and CXCR4, which were required to facilitate CLS assembly and vessel co-option. We also tested αCD20-EndoP125A effects in vivo using an aggressive murine B cell lymphoma model, 38c13-hCD20, which demonstrated rapid growth and dissemination to tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) and the spleen, lung, and brain. The pattern of lymphoma distribution and growth within the lung was consistent with vessel co-option. As predicted by our in vitro model, αCD20-EndoP125A treatment inhibited primary tumor growth, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis, and markedly reduced the number of circulating tumor cells and lymphoma dissemination to TDLNs and the lungs, spleen, and brain. αCD20-EndoP125A inhibited lymphoma vessel co-option within the lung. Marked inhibition of MCL primary tumor growth and dissemination were also seen using an MCL xenograft model. The ability of αCD20-EndoP125A to inhibit angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and lymphoma vessel co-option provides a novel therapeutic approach for inhibition of lymphoma progression and dissemination."
128,brain tumour,39594232,The Management of a Giant Convexity en Plaque Anaplastic Meningioma with Gerstmann Syndrome: A Case Report of Surgical Outcomes in a 76-Year-Old Male.,"This case report highlights a rare presentation of a giant convexity en plaque anaplastic meningioma, located in the left frontoparietal parasagittal region, infiltrating the superior sagittal sinus, and associated with Gerstmann syndrome. This study aims to explore the clinical challenges, surgical management, and potential reversibility of neurological deficits induced by the tumor, including those characteristic of Gerstmann syndrome."
129,brain tumour,39593743,Radiation Exposure to the Brains of Interventional Radiology Staff: A Phantom Study.,"Numerous papers report the occurrence of head and neck tumors in interventional radiology (IR) physicians. Recently, appropriate dosimetry and protection have become much more important. To accomplish these, first, we should accurately understand how the brain is exposed. We assessed the dose distribution of the head and clarified the relationship between head exposure and brain dose. We used eight radiophotoluminescence dosimeters (RPLDs), two at the surface of the eyes and six inside the phantom head. We conducted measurements with three kinds of irradiation fields: one irradiated the whole head, the second irradiated the brain region, and the third irradiated the soft tissue of the face. The cranial bone reduced the brain dose to less than half the skin dose: about 48% at the front and less than 9% at the back of the brain. Due to the brain exposure, the soft tissues were slightly exposed to the scatter radiation from the cranial bone. We revealed the dose distribution of the head and the influence of the scatter radiation from the cranial bone and the soft tissues of the face. There are two kinds of scatter radiation: from the cranial bone to the soft tissue of the face, and from the soft tissue to the brain. Although the influence of these sources of scatter radiation is not significant, the relationship between brain exposure and the occurrence of head and neck tumors is still unclear. Therefore, some IR physicians should keep this in mind if they receive high levels of exposure in their daily practice."
130,brain tumour,39593128,Homozygous CDKN2A/B deletions in low- and high-grade glioma: a meta-analysis of individual patient data and predictive values of p16 immunohistochemistry testing.,"CDKN2A/B deletions are prognostically relevant in low- and high-grade gliomas. Data on this is derived from heterogeneous series, an accurate estimation of survival risk from homozygous CDKN2A/B deletion is missing. Besides genetic testing, p16-immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a less cost intensive means for indirect detection of CDKN2A/B alterations is possible but not validated in larger datasets. The present meta-analysis aimed to (1) reconstruct individual patient data (IPD) and estimate overall survival (OS) stratified by CDKN2A/B status from all literature and to (2) determine accuracy of p16 testing for CDKNA2/B detection from published studies. For survival analysis according to CDKN2A/B status 460 records were screened, four articles with 714 participants were included. In IDH-wildtype (IDH-wt) gliomas, 57.07% harbored the deletion compared to 9.76% in IDH-mutant (IDH-mut) gliomas. Median OS of patients with IDH-wt gliomas and homozygous CDKN2A/B deletion was 13.0 months compared to 18.0 months with non-deleted CDKN2A/B (p = 0.014, Log-Rank). With homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/B the risk of death was increased by 1.5 (95%-CI 1.1-2.1). Median OS in patients with IDH-mut gliomas without CDKN2A/B deletion was 92.0 months compared to 40.0 months with CDKN2A/B deletion (p < 0.001, Log-Rank). CDKN2A/B deletions were associated with a significantly shorter OS (HR = 3.2; 95%-CI 2.2-5.5). For p16 IHC analysis, 10 eligible studies with 1087 examined samples were included. The cut-off for retention differed between the studies. In 588/662 p16 retained cases CDKN2A/B deletions was not detected, implying a negative predictive value (NPV) of p16 staining of 88.8%. Conversely, 279/425 p16 absent cases showed a CDKN2A/B deletion resulting in a positive predictive value (PPV) of 65.6%. Sensitivity of p16 staining for CDKN2A/B detection was 79.0%, specificity 80.1%. Highest diagnostic accuracy of p16 IHC was reached with a cut-off of > 5% and within IDH-mut glioma."
131,brain tumour,39593114,Integrated analyses of multi-omic data derived from paired primary lung cancer and brain metastasis reveal the metabolic vulnerability as a novel therapeutic target.,"Lung cancer brain metastases (LC-BrMs) are frequently associated with dismal mortality rates in patients with lung cancer; however, standard of care therapies for LC-BrMs are still limited in their efficacy. A deep understanding of molecular mechanisms and tumor microenvironment of LC-BrMs will provide us with new insights into developing novel therapeutics for treating patients with LC-BrMs."
132,brain tumour,39593098,An immune scoring system predicts prognosis and immune characteristics in lung adenocarcinoma brain metastases by RNA sequencing.,"Previous studies have reported that the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) was associated with the prognosis of lung cancer patients and the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, given the significant challenges in obtaining specimens of brain metastases (BrMs), few studies explored the correlation between the TIME and the prognosis in patients with BrMs from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD)."
133,brain tumour,39592732,IMPDH inhibitors upregulate PD-L1 in cancer cells without impairing immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy.,"Tumor cells are characterized by rapid proliferation. In order to provide purines for DNA and RNA synthesis, inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), a key enzyme in the de novo guanosine biosynthesis, is highly expressed in tumor cells. In this study we investigated whether IMPDH was involved in cancer immunoregulation. We revealed that the IMPDH inhibitors AVN944, MPA or ribavirin concentration-dependently upregulated PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer cell line NCI-H292. This effect was reproduced in other non-small cell lung cancer cell lines H460, H1299 and HCC827, colon cancer cell lines HT29, RKO and HCT116, as well as kidney cancer cell line Huh7. In NCI-H292 cells, we clarified that IMPDH inhibitors increased CD274 mRNA levels by enhancing CD274 mRNA stability. IMPDH inhibitors improved the affinity of the ARE-binding protein HuR for CD274 mRNA, thereby stabilizing CD274 mRNA. Guanosine supplementation abolished the IMPDH inhibitor-induced increase in PD-L1 expression. In CT26 and EMT6 tumor models used for ICIs based studies, we showed that despite its immunosuppressive properties, the IMPDH inhibitor mycophenolate mofetil did not reduce the clinical response of checkpoint inhibitors, representing an important clinical observation given that this class of drugs is approved for use in multiple diseases. We conclude that PD-L1 induction contributes to the immunosuppressive effect of IMPDH inhibitors. Furthermore, the IMPDH inhibitor mycophenolate mofetil does not antagonize immune checkpoint blockade."
134,brain tumour,39592656,miR-200 family as new potential prognostic factor of overall survival of patients with WHO G2 and WHO G3 brain gliomas.,"Gliomas are the predominant cause of cancer-related deaths among the young population. Even after incorporation of IDH1/2 mutations and 1p19q codeletion there are doubts regarding adjuvant treatment in WHO G2/G3 gliomas. miRNA molecules control about 30% of all genes, also many oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and genes responsible for the response to ionizing radiation and systemic treatment. Patients with brain gliomas exhibit miRNA disorders. We aimed to evaluate the expression of miR-200 family members in relation to selected clinico-pathological factors and their prognostic value. We enrolled 53 patients diagnosed with WHO G2/G3 brain gliomas treated between 2012-2016. RT-qPCR based expression of miR-200 family was assessed in tumor and surrounding non-cancerous tissue. An analysis of selected clinico-pathological features was carried out. A logistic regression model was prepared for the miRNA signature. The predictive potential of the signature was assessed using the ROC curve. A stepwise backward regression model was used to select variables with a significant predictive potential related to OS. It was shown that miR-200a-3p, miR-200a-5p, miR-200c-5p, miR-141-3p and miR-429 can be independent predictors of survival. Better 2- and 5-year OS was associated with higher expression of miR-200a-3p, miR141-3p and lower expression of miR-200a-5p, miR-200c-5p, miR-429. The strongest predictors of survival were miR-200a-5p, miR-200b-3p, miR-200c-5p, miR-141-3p, miR-429, tumor volume and CTV. Members of the miR-200 family exhibit prognostic value for 2- and 5-year OS. Presented predictive models of survival may be clinically useful for treatment optimization."
135,brain tumour,39592521,Influence of postoperative D-dimer evaluation and intraoperative use of intermittent pneumatic vein compression (IPC) on detection and development of perioperative venous thromboembolism in brain tumor surgery.,"Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a common complication in craniotomy patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The duration of surgery is a known risk factor. Other factors such as positioning and tumor entity have hardly been investigated or are controversial. In two pilot studies, the determination of plasma D-dimer concentration led to a high detection rate of DVT, while the use of intermittent pneumatic venous compression (IPC) drastically reduced the incidence of VTE. In the present study we investigated the efficacy of the two approaches, either alone or in combination, in a large patient cohort."
136,brain tumour,39592486,3-Tesla amide proton transfer-weighted imaging (APT-WI): elevated signal also in tumor mimics.,To explore amide proton transfer-weighted imaging (APTwi) for the initial classification of brain masses in clinical practice by systematically reporting APTwi signal intensity (APT-SI) in tumor mimics and brain tumors.
137,brain tumour,39592459,Functional profiling of murine glioma models highlights targetable immune evasion phenotypes.,"Cancer-intrinsic immune evasion mechanisms and pleiotropy are a barrier to cancer immunotherapy. This is apparent in certain highly fatal cancers, including high-grade gliomas and glioblastomas (GBM). In this study, we evaluated two murine syngeneic glioma models (GL261 and CT2A) as preclinical models for human GBM using functional genetic screens, single-cell transcriptomics and machine learning approaches. Through CRISPR genome-wide co-culture killing screens with various immune cells (cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages), we identified three key cancer-intrinsic evasion mechanisms: NFκB signaling, autophagy/endosome machinery, and chromatin remodeling. Additional fitness screens identified dependencies in murine gliomas that partially recapitulated those seen in human GBM (e.g., UFMylation). Our single-cell analyses showed that different glioma models exhibited distinct immune infiltration patterns and recapitulated key immune gene programs observed in human GBM, including hypoxia, interferon, and TNF signaling. Moreover, in vivo orthotopic tumor engraftment was associated with phenotypic shifts and changes in proliferative capacity, with murine tumors recapitulating the intratumoral heterogeneity observed in human GBM, exhibiting propensities for developmental- and mesenchymal-like phenotypes. Notably, we observed common transcription factors and cofactors shared with human GBM, including developmental (Nfia and Tcf4), mesenchymal (Prrx1 and Wwtr1), as well as cycling-associated genes (Bub3, Cenpa, Bard1, Brca1, and Mis18bp1). Perturbation of these genes led to reciprocal phenotypic shifts suggesting intrinsic feedback mechanisms that balance in vivo cellular states. Finally, we used a machine-learning approach to identify two distinct immune evasion gene programs, one of which represents a clinically-relevant phenotype and delineates a subpopulation of stem-like glioma cells that predict response to immune checkpoint inhibition in human patients. This comprehensive characterization helps bridge the gap between murine glioma models and human GBM, providing valuable insights for future therapeutic development."
138,brain tumour,39592383,AI-Assisted Post Contrast Brain MRI: Eighty Percent Reduction in Contrast Dose.,"In the context of growing safety concerns regarding the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents in contrast-enhanced MRI, there is a need for dose reduction without compromising diagnostic accuracy. A deep learning (DL) method is proposed and evaluated in this study for predicting full-dose contrast-enhanced T1w images from multiparametric MRI acquired with 20% of the standard dose of gadolinium-based contrast agents."
139,brain tumour,39592188,Morphoregulatory ADD3 underlies glioblastoma growth and formation of tumor-tumor connections.,"Glioblastoma is a major unmet clinical need characterized by striking inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity and a population of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), conferring aggressiveness and therapy resistance. GSCs communicate through a network of tumor-tumor connections (TTCs), including nanotubes and microtubes, promoting tumor progression. However, very little is known about the mechanisms underlying TTC formation and overall GSC morphology. As GSCs closely resemble neural progenitor cells during neurodevelopment, we hypothesized that GSCs' morphological features affect tumor progression. We identified GSC morphology as a new layer of tumoral heterogeneity with important consequences on GSC proliferation. Strikingly, we showed that the neurodevelopmental morphoregulator ADD3 is sufficient and necessary for maintaining proper GSC morphology, TTC abundance, cell cycle progression, and chemoresistance, as well as required for cell survival. Remarkably, both the effects on cell morphology and proliferation depend on the stability of actin cytoskeleton. Hence, cell morphology and its regulators play a key role in tumor progression by mediating cell-cell communication. We thus propose that GSC morphological heterogeneity holds the potential to identify new therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers."
140,brain tumour,39592128,Sites of Metastasis and Survival in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results From the Korean Renal Cancer Study Group Database.,"In patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), sites of metastatic involvement have been reported to be associated with a difference in survival. However, the frequency and survival according to different sites of metastases in Korean patients with mRCC remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the frequency of metastatic site involvement and the association between sites of metastatic involvement and survival in Korean patients with mRCC."
141,brain tumour,39591228,Integrated Approach to Cyclopiazonic Acid Cytotoxicity Using ,Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) is an indole-tetramic acid neurotoxin produced by 
142,brain tumour,39590941,Conference Report: Review of Clinical Implementation of Advanced Quantitative Imaging Techniques for Personalized Radiotherapy.,"The topic of quantitative imaging in radiation therapy was presented as a ""Masterclass"" at the 2023 annual meeting of the American Society of Radiation Oncology (ASTRO). Dual-energy computed tomography (CT) and single-positron computed tomography were reviewed in detail as the first portion of the meeting session, with data showing utility in many aspects of radiation oncology including treatment planning and dose response. Positron emission tomography/CT scans evaluating the functional volume of lung tissue so as to provide optimal avoidance of healthy lungs were presented second. Advanced brain imaging was then discussed in the context of different forms of magnetic resonance scanning methods as the third area noted with significant discussion of ongoing research programs. Quantitative image analysis was presented to provide clinical utility for the analysis of patients with head and neck cancer. Finally, quality assurance was reviewed for different forms of quantitative imaging given the critical nature of imaging when numerical valuation, not just relative contrast, plays a crucial role in clinical process and decision-making. Conclusions and thoughts are shared in the conclusion, noting strong data supporting the use of quantitative imaging in radiation therapy going forward and that more studies are needed to move the field forward."
143,brain tumour,39590600,Radiosurgery for Hypothalamic Gliomas: A Case Report and Clinical Guidelines Form a Neurosurgical Center of Excellence.,
144,brain tumour,39590175,Exploiting Integrin-αVβ3 to Enhance Radiotherapy Efficacy in Medulloblastoma via Ferroptosis.,"Medulloblastoma, a malignant pediatric brain tumor, has a poor prognosis upon relapse, highlighting a critical clinical need. Our previous research linked medulloblastoma cell radioresistance to integrin-αvβ3 expression. β3-depleted (β3_KO) medulloblastoma cells exhibit lipid hydroxyperoxide accumulation after radiotherapy, indicating ferroptosis, a regulated cell death induced by ROS and inhibited by antioxidants such as cysteine, glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4). However, the link between αvβ3 expression, ferroptosis inhibition, and sensitivity to radiotherapy remains unclear. We showed that irradiated β3_KO medulloblastoma cells primarily die by ferroptosis, with β3-subunit expression correlating with radiotherapy sensitivity and anti-ferroptotic protein levels. Our findings suggest that integrin-αvβ3 signaling boosts oxidative stress resilience via mTORC1. Thus, targeting integrin-αvβ3 could enhance radiotherapy efficacy in medulloblastoma by inducing ferroptotic cell death."
145,brain tumour,39590171,Towards a Risk-Based Follow-Up Surveillance Imaging Schedule for Children and Adolescents with Low-Grade Glioma.,"The frequency and duration of imaging surveillance in children and adolescents with pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) aims for the early detection of recurrence or progression. Although surveillance of pLGGs is performed routinely, it is not yet standardized. The aim of the current review is to provide a comprehensive synthesis of published studies regarding the optimal frequency, intervals, and duration of surveillance. Several key influencing factors were identified (age, the extent of resection, the tumor location, the histological type, and specific molecular characteristics). However, the lack of consistent definitions of recurrence/progression and the extent of resection meant that it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis of the data from the 18 included articles. This review highlights the need for updating the definition of these terms for uniform and global use both in routine clinical practice as well as in upcoming trials. Thus, future studies on the heterogenous group of pLGGs will allow for the better tailoring of both the frequency and duration of imaging surveillance protocols in relevant settings."
146,brain tumour,39590169,Novel Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3-Fatty Acid Synthase Gene Fusion in Recurrent Epithelioid Glioblastoma Linked to Aggressive Clinical Progression.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, with a median overall survival (OS) of 15-18 months despite standard treatments. Approximately 8% of GBM cases exhibit genomic alterations in fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), particularly FGFR1 and FGFR3. Next-generation sequencing techniques have identified various FGFR3 fusions in GBM. This report presents a novel FGFR3 fusion with fatty acid synthase (FASN) in a 41-year-old male diagnosed with GBM. The patient presented with a persistent headache, and imaging revealed a right frontal lobe lesion. Surgical resection and subsequent histopathology confirmed GBM. Initial NGS analysis showed no mutations in the IDH1, IDH2 or H3F3 genes, but revealed a TERT promoter mutation and CDKN2A/2B and PTEN deletions. Postoperative treatment included radiotherapy and temozolomide. Despite initial management, recurrence occurred four months post-diagnosis, confirmed by MRI and histology. A second surgery identified a novel FGFR3-FASN fusion, alongside increased Ki67 expression. The recurrence was managed with regorafenib and bevacizumab, though complications like hand-foot syndrome and radiation necrosis arose. Despite initial improvement, the patient died 15 months after diagnosis. This case underscores the importance of understanding GBM's molecular landscape for effective treatment strategies. The novel FGFR3-FASN fusion suggests potential implications for GBM recurrence and lipid metabolism. Further studies are warranted to explore FGFR3-FASN's role in GBM and its therapeutic targeting."
147,brain tumour,39590147,Brain Metastasis in Pediatric Patients with Osteosarcoma.,Brain metastases in pediatric osteosarcoma are infrequent but associated with a dire prognosis.
148,brain tumour,39590116,Cutting Through History: The Evolution of Glioblastoma Surgery.,"Despite significant advancements in neuro-oncology, management of glioblastoma remains a formidable challenge. Over the last century, the role and goals of surgery for patients with glioblastoma have evolved dramatically, with surgical intervention maintaining a central role in patient care. To understand the future role of surgery in the management of glioblastoma, we must review and appreciate the historical journey that has led us to this juncture. Here, we provide an overview of this evolution and speak about anticipated changes in the future. """
149,brain tumour,39590115,Guidance for Canadian Breast Cancer Practice: National Consensus Recommendations for the Systemic Treatment of Patients with HER2+ Breast Cancer in Both the Early and Metastatic Setting.,"Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer associated with a poor prognosis when sub-optimally treated. Recent advances include new and effective targeted therapies that have significantly improved outcomes for patients. Despite these advances, there are significant gaps across Canada, underscoring the need for evidence-based consensus guidance to inform treatment decisions. Addressing these gaps is crucial to ensuring that effective therapies are integrated into clinical practice, so as to improve the lives of patients affected by this aggressive form of breast cancer. The Research Excellence, Active Leadership (REAL) Canadian Breast Cancer Alliance is a standing nucleus committee of clinical-academic oncologists across Canada and Breast Cancer Canada, a patient organization. The mandate of this group is to provide evidence-based guidance on best practices in the management of patients with breast cancer. These consensus recommendations were developed using a modified Delphi process with up to three rounds of anonymous voting. Consensus was defined a priori as ≥75% of voters agreeing with the recommendation as written. There are 9 recommendations in the early setting; 7 recommendations in the metastatic setting; and 10 recommendations for patients with brain metastases."
150,brain tumour,39589998,Recapitulating Glioma Stem Cell Niches Using 3D Spheroid Models for Glioblastoma Research.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is among the most aggressive brain cancers, and it contains glioma stem cells (GSCs) that drive tumor initiation, progression, and recurrence. These cells resist conventional therapies, contributing to high recurrence rates in GBM patients. Developing in vitro models that mimic the tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly the GSC niche, is crucial for understanding GBM growth and therapeutic resistance. Three-dimensional (3D) spheroid models provide a more physiologically relevant approach than traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures, recapitulating key tumor features like hypoxia, cell heterogeneity, and drug resistance. This review examines scaffold-free and scaffold-based methods for generating 3D GBM spheroids, focusing on their applications in studying the cancer stem cell niche. The discussion encompasses methods such as the hanging drop, low-adhesion plates, and magnetic levitation, alongside advancements in embedding spheroids within extracellular matrix-based hydrogels and employing 3D bioprinting to fabricate more intricate tumor models. These 3D culture systems offer substantial potential for enhancing our understanding of GBM biology and devising more effective targeted therapies."
151,brain tumour,39589672,,This prospective study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of fluorine-18-labeled fluoroethyltyrosine (
152,brain tumour,39589598,Unraveling the role of LncRNAs in glioblastoma progression: insights into signaling pathways and therapeutic potential.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive types of brain cancer, characterized by its poor prognosis and low survival rate despite current treatment modalities. Because GBM is lethal, clarifying the pathogenesis's underlying mechanisms is important, which are still poorly understood. Recent discoveries in the fields of molecular genetics and cancer biology have demonstrated the critical role that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), play in the molecular pathophysiology of GBM growth. LncRNAs are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins. They are significant epigenetic modulators that control gene e expression at several levels. Their dysregulation and interactions with important signaling pathways play a major role in the malignancy and development of GBM. The increasing role of lncRNAs in GBM pathogenesis is thoroughly examined in this review, with particular attention given to their regulation mechanisms in key signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, and p53. It also looks into lncRNAs' potential as new biomarkers and treatment targets for GBM. In addition, the study discusses the difficulties in delivering lncRNA-based medicines across the blood-brain barrier and identifies areas that need more research to advance lncRNA-oriented treatments for this deadly cancer."
153,brain tumour,39589532,Myxoid glioneuronal tumor of the septum pellucidum in pediatric patients: a case report and comprehensive review of the literature.,"Myxoid glioneuronal tumor of the septum pellucidum is an uncommon clinical entity, previously referred to dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor located in the septum pellucidum."
154,brain tumour,39589471,Effective Personalization of Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases in the Modern Era: Opportunities for Innovation.,"As survival rates improve for patients with metastatic disease, more patients are requiring complex treatment for brain metastases. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a conformal radiotherapy technique that allows high ablative dose to be delivered to a specific target and is a standard effective local therapy for the treatment of patients with limited brain metastases. This review highlights the current landscape of SRS treatment in the context of modern therapeutic advances and identifies new research frontiers to personalize SRS and maximize the therapeutic ratio."
155,brain tumour,39589253,Toward Foundation Models in Radiology? Quantitative Assessment of GPT-4V's Multimodal and Multianatomic Region Capabilities.,"Background Large language models have already demonstrated potential in medical text processing. GPT-4V, a large vision-language model from OpenAI, has shown potential for medical imaging, yet a quantitative analysis is lacking. Purpose To quantitatively assess the performance of GPT-4V in interpreting radiologic images using unseen data. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included single representative abnormal and healthy control images from neuroradiology, cardiothoracic radiology, and musculoskeletal radiology (CT, MRI, radiography) to generate reports using GPT-4V via the application programming interface from February to March 2024. The factual correctness of free-text reports and the performance in detecting abnormalities in binary classification tasks were assessed using accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The binary classification performance was compared with that of a first-year nonradiologist in training and four board-certified radiologists. Results A total of 515 images in 470 patients (median age, 61 years [IQR, 44-71 years]; 267 male) were included, of which 345 images were abnormal. GPT-4V correctly identified the imaging modality and anatomic region in 100% (515 of 515) and 99.2% (511 of 515) of images, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy in free-text reports was between 0% (0 of 33 images) for pneumothorax (CT and radiography) and 90% (45 of 50 images) for brain tumor (MRI). In binary classification tasks, GPT-4V showed sensitivities between 56% (14 of 25 images) for ischemic stroke and 100% (25 of 25 images) for brain hemorrhage and specificities between 8% (two of 25 images) for brain hemorrhage and 52% (13 of 25 images) for pneumothorax, compared with a pooled sensitivity of 97.2% (1103 of 1135 images) and pooled specificity of 97.2% (1084 of 1115 images) for the human readers across all tasks. The model exhibited a clear tendency to overdiagnose abnormalities, with 86.5% (147 of 170 images) and 67.7% (151 of 223 images) false-positive rates for the free-text and binary classification tasks, respectively. Conclusion GPT-4V, in its earliest version, recognized medical image content and reliably determined the modality and anatomic region from single images. However, GPT-4V failed to detect, classify, or rule out abnormalities in image interpretation. © RSNA, 2024 "
156,brain tumour,39589176,"A Retrospective Evaluation of Ototoxicity Monitoring in a Cohort of Pediatric Patients With Solid Tumors, Treated in the Dutch National Cancer Center.","Ototoxicity is an adverse effect of childhood cancer treatment with a negative impact on speech-language development and quality of life. This study aimed to retrospectively assess ototoxicity monitoring in a national cohort of pediatric patients with solid tumors, examining the frequency and determinants associated with hearing loss (HL)."
157,brain tumour,39589165,Overexpression of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 or Kir4.1 Tyr9 Asp in Müller cells exerts neuroprotective effects in an experimental glaucoma model.,"Downregulation of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 is a key step for inducing retinal Müller cell activation and interaction with other glial cells, which is involved in retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma. Modulation of Kir4.1 expression in Müller cells may therefore be a potential strategy for attenuating retinal ganglion cell damage in glaucoma. In this study, we identified seven predicted phosphorylation sites in Kir4.1 and constructed lentiviral expression systems expressing Kir4.1 mutated at each site to prevent phosphorylation. Following this, we treated Müller glial cells in vitro and in vivo with the mGluR I agonist DHPG to induce Kir4.1 or Kir4.1 Tyr9Asp overexpression. We found that both Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr9Asp overexpression inhibited activation of Müller glial cells. Subsequently, we established a rat model of chronic ocular hypertension by injecting microbeads into the anterior chamber and overexpressed Kir4.1 or Kir4.1 Tyr9Asp in the eye, and observed similar results in Müller cells in vivo as those seen in vitro. Both Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr9Asp overexpression inhibited Müller cell activation, regulated the balance of Bax/Bcl-2, and reduced the mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory factors, including interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Furthermore, we investigated the regulatory effects of Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr9Asp overexpression on the release of pro-inflammatory factors in a co-culture system of Müller glial cells and microglia. In this co-culture system, we observed elevated adenosine triphosphate concentrations in activated Müller cells, increased levels of translocator protein (a marker of microglial activation), and elevated interleukin-1β mRNA and protein levels in microglia induced by activated Müller cells. These changes could be reversed by Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr9Asp overexpression in Müller cells. Kir4.1 overexpression, but not Kir4.1 Tyr9Asp overexpression, reduced the number of proliferative and migratory microglia induced by activated Müller cells. Collectively, these results suggest that the tyrosine residue at position nine in Kir4.1 may serve as a functional modulation site in the retina in an experimental model of glaucoma. Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr9Asp overexpression attenuated Müller cell activation, reduced ATP/P2X receptor-mediated interactions between glial cells, inhibited microglial activation, and decreased the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory factors, consequently ameliorating retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma."
158,brain tumour,39589163,Preclinical safety and efficacy evaluation of the intrathecal transplantation of GMP-grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for ischemic stroke.,"Intrathecal administration of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells may be a promising approach for the treatment of stroke, but its safety, effectiveness, and mechanism remain to be elucidated. In this study, good manufacturing practice-grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (5 × 105 and 1 × 106 cells) and saline were administered by cerebellomedullary cistern injection 72 hours after stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. The results showed (1) no significant difference in mortality or general conditions among the three groups. There was no abnormal differentiation or tumor formation in various organs of rats in any group. (2) Compared with saline-treated animals, those treated with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells showed significant functional recovery and reduced infarct volume, with no significant differences between different human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell doses. (3) Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were found in the ischemic brain after 14 and 28 days of follow-up, and the number of positive cells significantly decreased over time. (4) Neuronal nuclei expression in the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell group was greater than that in the saline group, while glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 expression levels decreased. (5) Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell treatment increased the number of CD31+ microvessels and doublecortin-positive cells after ischemic stroke. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells also upregulated the expression of CD31+/Ki67+. (6) At 14 days after intrathecal administration, brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in the peri-infarct area and the concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the cerebrospinal fluid in both human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell groups were significantly greater than those in the saline group and persisted until the 28th day. Taken together, these results indicate that the intrathecal administration of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells via cerebellomedullary cistern injection is safe and effective for the treatment of ischemic stroke in rats. The mechanisms may include alleviating the local inflammatory response in the peri-infarct region, promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis, and enhancing the production of neurotrophic factors."
159,brain tumour,39589148,Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor of the Brain in a Young Adult With Down Syndrome: Case Report and Literature Review.,"Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is an aggressive, malignant embryonal tumor with dismal long-term survival despite aggressive multimodal therapy. While this tumor typically presents in infancy or early childhood, there are published case reports of adult-onset ATRT. Making prognostic conclusions or therapeutic decisions for this older patient population remains challenging due to the paucity of these reports. A 25-year-old female with Down syndrome presented with dysphagia and facial droop and was found to have an avidly enhancing, cerebellopontine angle mass. Histology demonstrated sheets of rhabdoid cells with loss of INI1 expression, pathognomonic for ATRT. Further sequencing detected a frameshift SMARCB1 mutation and methylation profiling matched with high confidence to the MYC subclass of ATRT. The patient was treated with subtotal surgical resection and focal proton beam irradiation, followed by chemotherapy on a modified regimen due to concern for heightened risk of treatment-related toxicity. On most recent follow-up 22 months from diagnosis, the patient remains without evidence of disease. This report represents the first known case of ATRT in a young adult patient with Down syndrome, offering unique mechanistic insight into the tumorigenesis of ATRT. Further studies are needed to define an appropriate risk-adapted and standardized therapeutic approach for this patient population."
160,brain tumour,39589015,The Contribution of Noncommunicable and Infectious Diseases to the Effect of Depression on Mortality: A Longitudinal Causal Mediation Analysis.,"The increased prevalence of physical diseases among individuals with mental illness contributes to their increased risk of mortality. However, the mediating role of specific diseases in the effect of mental illness on mortality is not well understood."
161,brain tumour,39588908,"Discovery of UCB9386: A Potent, Selective, and Brain-Penetrant Nuak1 Inhibitor Suitable for ","Nuak1 (NUAK family SnF1-like kinase-1) is a serine-threonine kinase and a member of the AMPK family. Interest in Nuak1 has increased over the years due to the role it plays in several biological processes, from tumor cell invasion and proliferation to Tau stabilization. Nuak1 is expressed in many cancer cell lines and many reports describe this target as an oncogene, the inhibition of which is hypothesized to be valuable for treating various cancer types including glioma. We report here the discovery of Nuak1 inhibitors originating from HTS hit "
162,brain tumour,39588508,Impact of endogenous viral elements on glioma clinical phenotypes by inducing OCT4 in the host.,"Endogenous viral elements (EVEs) are viral sequences integrated within the host genome that can influence gene regulation and tumor development. While EVEs have been implicated in cancer, their role in regulating key transcription factors in glioblastoma (GBM) remains underexplored. This study investigates the relationship between EVEs and the activation of OCT4, a critical transcription factor in GBM progression."
163,brain tumour,39588254,Enhancing Transfection Efficacy in Glioma Cells: A Comparison of Microfluidic ,"Gene therapy is a promising therapeutic approach for treating various disorders by introducing modified nucleic acids to correct cellular dysfunctions or introduce new functions. Despite significant advancements in the field, the effective delivery of nucleic acids remains a challenge, due to biological barriers and the immune system's ability to target and destroy these molecules. Due to their branched structure and ability to condense negatively charged nucleic acids, cationic dendrimers have shown potential in overcoming these challenges. Despite this, standardized scalable production methods are still lacking. This study investigates the use of microfluidics to formulate generation 3-diaminobutyric polypropylenimine (DAB) dendriplexes and compares their characteristics and in vitro gene delivery efficacy to those prepared using conventional manual mixing."
164,brain tumour,39587599,Spectrum of IDH-mutant tumors in Ollier-Maffucci disease: the triple interaction theory.,"We propose to refine our understanding of the pathophysiology underlying the tumor spectrum observed in patients with Ollier disease (OD) and Maffucci syndrome (MS). On one hand, assuming that all IDH-mutated tumors (as well as enchondromas) observed in OD-MS patients derive from one IDH-mutant cell giving rise to different lineages, the observation of different tumors arising in organs deriving from the neuroectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm points towards a very early post-zygotic event for the IDH mutation. To explain then that the spectrum of IDH-mutated tumors is restricted to some types of tumors, we propose the following hypothesis: - First, we posit that not every mutated cell of the lineage will ""express"" the IDH mutant phenotype. This can be due i/ to the disappearance in some tissue of the IDH-mutated clone due to negative selection pressure later in embryo development ii/ to the lack of expression of the IDH1 protein in specific cell types iii/ to a functional cell state not leading to the accumulation of the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) in that tissue/organ. - Second, generalizing the recent understanding of the gliomagenesis in the general population bearing the rs55705857 G-allele variant at 8q24.21, we postulate that OD-MS patients with an inheritable predisposing single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) are more likely to develop a malignancy, with a specific SNP for each kind of tumor/organ. In summary, our theory provides a new understanding of IDH-mutated tumors in OD-MS patients, as arising from the triple interaction within the same cell of a developmental defect (the somatic mutation that occurs early during the embryogenesis), an organ-specific functional state ""expressing"" the IDH mutation and leading to an accumulation of D-2HG, and an inheritable predisposing factor (a risky SNP, also specific to each organ). We discuss how this theory could guide future research in OD-MS patients and, more generally, in patients harboring sporadic IDH-mutated tumors."
165,brain tumour,39587516,Optimal timing of chemoradiation after resection or biopsy of glioblastomas: a nationwide population-based study.,This study investigated the optimal timing of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) following surgery for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). The focus was on understanding whether the interval between surgery and CCRT impacts survival outcomes.
166,brain tumour,39587462,Re-irradiation for recurrent glioblastoma: a pattern of care analysis.,"90% of glioblastomas (GBM) relapse within two years of diagnosis. In contrast to the initial setting, there is no standard management for recurrent disease and options include hypofractionated stereotactic re-irradiation (re-mHSRT). The aims of this study were to investigate re-mHSRT practice in Swiss neuro-oncology centres."
167,brain tumour,39587278,1H-MRS parameters in non-enhancing peritumoral regions can predict the recurrence of glioblastoma.,"This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of metabolic parameters in preoperative non-enhancing peritumoral regions (NEPTRs) for glioblastoma recurrence, using multivoxel hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Clinical and imaging data from patients with recurrent glioblastoma were analyzed. Through co-registration of preoperative and post-recurrence MRI, we identified future tumor recurrence regions (FTRRs) and future non-tumor recurrence regions (FNTRRs) within the NEPTRs. Metabolic parameters were recorded separately for each region. Cox regression analysis was applied to assess the association between metabolic parameters and glioblastoma recurrence. Compared to FNTRRs, FTRRs exhibited a higher Cho/Cr ratio, higher Cho/NAA ratio, and lower NAA/Cr ratio. Both Cho/NAA and Cho/Cr ratios were recognized as risk factors in univariate and multivariate analyses (P < 0.05). The Cox regression model indicated that Cho/NAA > 1.99 and Cho/Cr > 1.73 are independent risk factors for early glioblastoma recurrence. Based on these cut-off values, patients were stratified into low-risk and high-risk groups, with a statistically significant difference in recurrence rates between the two groups (P < 0.01). The Cho/NAA and Cho/Cr ratios in NEPTRs are independent predictors of future glioblastoma recurrence. Specifically, Cho/NAA > 1.99 and/or Cho/Cr > 1.73 in NEPTRs may indicate a higher risk of early postoperative recurrence at these regions."
168,brain tumour,39586882,Postoperative peritumoral edema is correlated with the prognosis in intracranial meningioma with preoperative peritumoral edema.,"Preoperative peritumoral edema (PTE) in intracranial meningiomas is known to be a risk factor for postoperative recurrence. However, there are two groups: those in which preoperative PTE remains and those in which preoperative PTE receded after tumor removal. We aimed to investigate whether postoperative PTE could improve the prediction of prognosis of meningioma with preoperative PTE. We retrospectively reviewed postoperative MRI scans in 3 months after operation of 371 patients with preoperative PTE of meningioma that underwent surgery between 2015 and 2017. All the patients were classified into two different groups according to whether had postoperative PTE receded within 3 months after operation. Clinical manifestations, histopathology characteristics, radiology data and follow-up outcomes were noted. student's t-test and chi-square test for independence were used to compare clinical characteristics. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis and Kaplan‒Meier methods were utilized to determine the independent effect of postoperative PTE on postoperative recurrence. Multivariate Cox analyses showed that the risk factors of meningioma recurrence: high WHO grades (HR = 4.989, P<0.001), superior sagittal sinus invasion (HR = 2.290, P = 0.047), postoperative PTE in 3 months after operation (HR = 1.804, P = 0.044) and STR (HR = 3.940, P = 0.003). Kaplan-Meier model showed that the progression-free survival of patients with postoperative PTE are shorter than who with postoperative PTE receded in 3 months after operation (HR = 3.30, P = 0.006). According to our research, we found that postoperative PTE in 3 months after operation is related to the outcomes of meningioma with preoperative PTE. Besides, we demonstrated that there were also some factors for recurrence: male, high WHO grades, superior sagittal sinus invasion and STR. These findings highlight the need for prospective study."
169,brain tumour,39586850,Albumin and Polysorbate-80 Coated Sterile Nanosuspensions of Mebendazole for Glioblastoma Therapy.,"The scarcity of existing and novel therapies for brain cancer has significantly affected the survival rate of glioblastoma patients. Mebendazole (MBZ), an antiparasitic agent demonstrated promising activity against brain cancer. However, poor solubility, multiple polymorphs, and insufficient permeability through blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts its therapeutic efficacy through parenteral administration. The current study aimed to develop, optimize, and characterize sterile, injectable nanosuspension of mebendazole using parenterally acceptable stabilizers. Albumin and polysorbate 80 (PS-80) coated MBZ Nanosuspension (NS) was prepared using wet media milling technique. Design of experiment (DoE) approach was used to understand effect of drug loading versus stabilizer concentration. The optimized MBZ NS showed hydrodynamic diameter of 208.36 ± 0.24 nm with a poly dispersibility index (PDI) of 0.210 ± 0.03 and zeta potential of -20.41 ± 0.36 mV. The IC"
170,brain tumour,39586842,Radiation-induced malignancies after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain arteriovenous malformations: a large single-center retrospective study and systematic review.,"Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is widely utilized to treat small- and medium-sized brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs); however, radiation-induced malignancies (RIMs) have been reported as extremely rare yet potentially life-threatening complications of SRS. This study aimed to investigate the risk of RIMs after SRS for BAVMs. The outcomes of patients who underwent single-session SRS for BAVMs at our institution and were followed for ≥ 5 years were analyzed to calculate the incidence of RIMs. In addition, a systematic review was conducted using the existing literature reporting RIMs after SRS for BAVMs in compliance with the PRISMA guideline. Regarding the in-hospital analysis, only one (0.18%) RIM (gliosarcoma) was observed among 569 patients, with a median follow-up period of 151 months (interquartile range, 103-255 months). The 15, 20, and 25-year cumulative incidences of RIMs were 0%, 0%, and 1.01%, respectively, whereas the overall incidence rate was 0.12 per 1,000 patient-years. In the systematic review, 14 studies were included, with the incidence of RIMs ranging from 0.00 to 0.24%. Eight patients with RIMs were identified, and the most common pathology was glioblastoma. The median time until the diagnosis of RIM was 7.1 years (range, 4-19 years) after SRS, and their clinical courses were largely dismal, with the post-diagnosis survival periods being 1-10 months. RIM constitutes an extremely rare but potentially fatal complication following SRS for BAVMs, with its incidence rate being at most 0.24%."
171,brain tumour,39586755,Detection of brain metastases from blood using Brain nanoMET sensor: Extracellular vesicles as a dynamic marker for metastatic brain tumors.,"Brain metastases account for a significant number of cancer-related deaths with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Current diagnostic methods have limitations in resolution, sensitivity, inability to differentiate between primary and metastatic brain tumors, and invasiveness. Liquid biopsy is a promising non-invasive alternative; however, current approaches have shown limited efficacy for diagnosing brain metastases due to biomarker instability and low levels of detectable tumor-specific biomarkers. This study introduces an innovative liquid biopsy technique using extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a biomarker for brain metastases, employing the Brain nanoMET sensor. The sensor was fabricated through an ultrashort femtosecond laser ablation process and provides excellent surface-enhanced Raman Scattering functionality. We developed an in vitro model of metastatic tumors to understand the tumor microenvironment and secretomes influencing brain metastases from breast and lung cancers. Molecular profiling of EVs derived from brain-seeking metastatic tumors revealed unique, brain-specific signatures, which were also validated in the peripheral circulation of brain metastasis patients. Compared to primary brain tumor EVs, we also observed an upregulation of PD-L1 marker in the metastatic EVs. A machine learning model trained on these EV molecular profiles achieved 97% sensitivity in differentiating metastatic brain cancer from primary brain cancer, with 94% accuracy in predicting the primary tissue of origin for breast metastasis and 100% accuracy for lung metastasis. The results from this pilot validation suggest that this technique holds significant potential for improving metastasis diagnosis and targeted treatment strategies for brain metastases, addressing a critical unmet need in neuro-oncology."
172,brain tumour,39586576,Association of imaging biomarkers with molecular subtypes of medulloblastoma.,
173,brain tumour,39586562,The primary studies of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in improving brain injury induced by chronic high-altitude natural environment in rats by 7.0T high-field MR imaging.,"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is one of the most abundant and important bioactive polyphenolic compounds in green tea. However, despite its potent antioxidant effects, its neuroprotective effects on chronic high altitude (HA)-induced nerve damage have not been reported. The purpose of this study is to use quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) with pathology to dynamically evaluate the status of brain damage and the effect of EGCG."
174,brain tumour,39586281,"Fugitive Acromegaly: A Historical, Clinical, and Translational Perspective.","The term 'fugitive acromegaly' was introduced by the neurosurgeons Bailey and Cushing in 1928 to describe subjects manifesting signs and symptoms of somatotroph hyperfunction with pituitary insufficiency. Currently, it identifies patients with subtle acromegalic dysmorphisms and inconsistent hormonal profile, possibly presenting only with hyperprolactinemia and related clinical symptoms. Patients have rapidly growing, locally invasive, relapsing pituitary macrotumors that can be classified as either acidophil stem cell tumors (ASCTs) or sparsely granulated somatotroph tumors (SGSTs), both of PIT1-lineage. ASCTs also express estrogen receptor (ER)α, show predominant prolactin (PRL) release, and less abundantly, growth hormone (GH). In contrast, SGSTs have moderately increased GH and IGF1 levels, but rarely PRL increase. ASCTs often present resistance to dopamine agonists, and long-acting somatostatin analogs are used. In contrast, SGSTs are often resistant to somatostatin analogues and instead are treated with the GH receptor antagonist pegvisomant. Differential diagnosis includes mammosomatotroph, mixed GH-/PRL-secreting, immature PIT1-lineage, and densely granulated somatotroph tumors. Studies in ER-sensitive rat tumoral mammosomatotroph cells (GH3, GH4C1) suggest that overexpression of chaperones in immature PIT1-/ER-expressing progenitors induces posttranscriptional conformational changes to tumor suppressors of the ERα and aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathways, like AIP, leading to the development of aggressive pituitary tumors like those causing fugitive acromegaly."
175,brain tumour,39586278,Perioperative Mobility Assessment of Acromegalic Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Endonasal Resection of Pituitary Adenomas Using Digital Phenotyping.,"Methods to assess quality of life and recovery after endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) for sellar lesions are limited and often biased by subjective patient-reported assessments. Objective in-situ assessments are lacking. Smartphone-based digital phenotyping has been increasingly studied across a variety of pathologies, utilizing built-in technologies to measure behavioral patterns pertaining to sleep, physical mobility, social interactions, and cognitive functioning, among others. We report our experience with smartphone-based digital phenotyping in two acromegalic patients treated with EES. Beiwe application was applied pre-operatively to passively collect global position system data in the pre- and postoperative period, including daily distance traveled, maximal distance traveled from home, number of separate places visited outside of home, and overall time spent at home. This study demonstrates the feasibility of DP for a small sample of acromegalic patients undergoing EES based on passively collected smartphone global position system data during the peri-operative period. This is part of a larger, ongoing study enrolling surgical patients as well as non-operative controls for comparison aimed at predicting postoperative outcomes with in-situ tool."
176,brain tumour,39586271,Pituitary Acrogigantism: From the Past to the Future.,"Pituitary acrogigantism is a very rare disease that is caused by chronic growth hormone (GH) axis excess that begins during childhood and adolescence. As such, it represents one of the most severe manifestations of acromegaly. In most cases, acrogigantism is caused by a pituitary adenoma, but hyperplasia can also accompany the adenoma or rarely occur alone. Individual cases of pituitary acrogigantism due to peripheral neuroendocrine tumor-derived GH-secreting hormone excess that stimulates pituitary GH hypersecretion have been reported. About half of patients with pituitary acrogigantism carry an identifiable germline genetic alteration (pathogenic variants, copy number variations, alterations of topologically associated domains (TADs), mosaicism), making it one of the most genetically-determined endocrine tumors. Among the genetic causes, pathogenic variants in the AIP gene (30%), the TADopathy X-linked acrogigantism (10%), and McCune-Albright syndrome (5%) are the most frequent causes. Molecular alterations induced by these genetic and genomic changes lead to large aggressive somatotropinomas that occur at an early age, secrete abundant amounts of GH, and produce treatment-resistant increases in insulin-like growth factor 1. X-linked acrogigantism occurs in the first year of life and is usually present by the age of 36 months, whereas, McCune-Albright syndrome-related GH excess usually presents before 5 years of age. AIP-related pituitary acrogigantism has a median age at diagnosis of about 16 years of age. Patients with pituitary acrogigantism have a heavy burden of disease and a complex treatment journey; the need to control final height makes it imperative to provide a diagnosis and effective hormonal control as rapidly as possible. Multimodal therapy is often required, and this can be complicated by the need for medical therapies that are not labeled for use in the pediatric population."
177,brain tumour,39586264,"GH-Secreting Adenoma or Tumor? Issues in Pituitary Neoplasms Nomenclature, Classification, and Characterization.","Acromegaly is a rare disorder characterized by chronic hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) and, consequently, of its mediator, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), due in >95% of the cases to a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma (PA)/Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor (PitNET). PAs/PitNETs are extremely heterogeneous for clinical, biochemical, radiological, intra-operative, and histological features and, differently from other histologically benign lesions, can cause significant morbidity because of locally aggressive behavior, resistance/recurrence after treatment, and, although very rarely, metastasization. PAs/PitNETs' classification and nomenclature have consistently changed in the course of time, reflecting knowledges about their complex biology, with the aim of stratifying patient risk and, therefore, uniform therapeutic strategies. According to the last WHO Classification, based on pituitary transcription factors (i.e., Pit-1, TPIT, and SF-1), GH-secreting PAs/PitNETs pertain to the Pit-1-lineage. Several subtypes can be distinguished, i.e., somatotroph (sparsely and densely granulated), mixed (mammosomatotroph, mixed somatotroph-lactotroph, and acidophilic stem cell), and plurihormonal (mature and immature Pit-1 lineage), based on hormone staining at immunohistochemistry and granulation, with distinct clinical and radiological features. Unfortunately, this classification does not fully reflect the spectrum of tumor phenotypes, does not consider the presence of drug-target receptors (i.e., somatostatin), nor molecular features that, on the contrary, have been increasingly demonstrated to influence biological behavior. Therefore, efforts of pituitary expert of the various disciplines are still necessary to reach a more comprehensive and detailed PitNET stratification to improve patient care through precision medicine."
178,brain tumour,39586259,GH Replacement in Children and Adolescent following Surgery for Hypothalamic-Pituitary Neoplasia.,"Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is one the most common and early endocrine complications in children and adolescent undergoing surgery for hypothalamic-pituitary neoplasm. Etiological factors include tumor mass effect, hypothalamic/pituitary damage caused by surgery and/or radiation therapy. The diagnosis and treatment of patients with brain tumors is extremely complex and requires close monitoring by a multidisciplinary expert team that must define the most appropriate treatment type and timing according to patient and tumor features, including GH replacement treatment (GH-rT), through the harmonization of the criteria used to define when the neoplastic disease is stable and when and how to start and stop GH-rT, in order to improve patient outcome and quality of life. Despite several proofs of safety, GH-rT remains a matter of debate."
179,brain tumour,39586255,"Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery in Growth-Hormone Pituitary Adenomas (GH PitNETs): Current Indications, Limitations, and the Importance of a Multidisciplinary Approach.","Acromegaly and gigantism are rare diseases, usually caused by a growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma, recently renamed GH-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (GH-PitNET). The transsphenoidal approach is the mainstay of treatment, although a non-negligible number of patients require a multimodal approach with neo-adjuvant or adjuvant medical and radiation therapy. Understanding the clinical complexity of acromegaly and gigantism is essential to improve treatment safety and success. A multidisciplinary skilled team is required to provide adequate pre-operative evaluation and management of the comorbidities associated with GH-PitNETs. Specific intraoperative surgical and anesthesiologic challenges (i.e., mucosal and bone hypertrophy, reduced intracarotid distance, and tumor invasiveness) to ensure maximal and safe resection. The same is for postoperative management to provide precise tumor histological characterization to be used in association with clinical-radiological and biochemical data to tailor patient management in terms of acromegaly control and treatment/prevention of comorbidities. This paper critically revises the indications and limitations of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for GH-PitNETs, discusses the frequently complex preoperative evaluation of patients with acromegaly, and analyzes the challenging aspects of the disease, underling the importance of a multidisciplinary framework, which should include a dedicated team of surgeons (neuro- and ENT-), endocrinologists, radiologists, pathologists, and anesthesiologists."
180,brain tumour,39586085,Stereotactic radiosurgery for fourth ventricle brain metastases: tumor control outcomes and the need for CSF diversion. Patient series.,"Stereotactic radiosurgery is a favorable alternative to surgery for intracranial cerebral metastases. Fourth ventricle (V4) metastases are challenging because of the location and surrounding structures, with a high risk for obstructive hydrocephalus and brainstem compression. Here, the authors evaluate the effectiveness in terms of safety, tumor control rates, and permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion of primary Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in treating V4 metastases."
181,brain tumour,39586082,Multimodal treatment paradigm for unstaged resection of a large cystic brain metastasis: illustrative case.,"The management of cystic brain metastases remains challenging, with high recurrence rates following treatment with resection and/or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Tumor resection and adjuvant radiation provide superior outcomes in comparison to those for each therapy alone, but large cystic tumor en bloc removal is difficult. Cyst aspiration can be used to decrease the radiation target volume, enabling safer delivery of a therapeutic radiation dose with improved local tumor control. However, cysts can rapidly recur following aspiration. Herein, the authors present a case in which cyst aspiration, radiation, and resection were combined within a single procedure."
182,brain tumour,39586078,Long-term survival in a patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome-associated giant cell glioblastoma treated with nivolumab: illustrative case.,"Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is characterized by p53 germline mutations and a high predisposition to cancers including glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite current therapies, the 5-year survival rate is 5%-10%. The authors report a case with a durable long-term response to immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibition in a patient with LFS-associated GBM."
183,brain tumour,39586075,Isolated myxopapillary ependymoma of the fourth ventricle: illustrative case.,"A myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE) is a distinctive ependymoma variant that arises exclusively in the conus medullaris or the filum terminale. There are few case reports of intracranial occurrences, with even rarer occurrences in the fourth ventricle."
184,brain tumour,39586052,Clinical Reasoning: A 63-Year-Old Man With Progressive Multicranial Neuropathy and Leptomeningeal Enhancement.,"A 63-year-old man, with a history of melanoma and basal cell carcinoma, presented with progressive right-sided facial numbness, vertical diplopia, and headache. Brain MRI revealed leptomeningeal enhancement of multiple cranial nerves and an enhancing mass-like lesion along the anterolateral surface of the pons and midbrain. Subsequent brain biopsy demonstrated the final diagnosis. This case highlights the broad differential diagnosis of leptomeningeal disease, emphasizing the role of specific clinical, laboratory, and imaging cues in guiding clinical reasoning."
185,brain tumour,39586045,Altered Gray Matter Myelin in Type IIb Focal Cortical Dysplasia.,"Myelin is altered in several neurologic disorders. Published data demonstrate reduced white matter myelin content and lower oligodendrocyte cell number in postsurgical brain specimens obtained from patients with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) and temporal lobe epilepsy; a pathogenic role of dysfunctional myelin in focal epilepsies has been proposed. Based on this evidence, our study aims to investigate the myelination status in the gray matter in postsurgical brain specimens from patients with FCDIIb."
186,brain tumour,39585599,"The LITT Fit in neuro-oncology: indications, imaging, and adjunctive therapies.","There is an unmet need for new treatments for many central nervous system tumors. An expanding body of research supports the use of laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) in the treatment of gliomas, recurrent brain metastases, and radiation necrosis."
187,brain tumour,39585598,Higher isoform of hnRNPA1 confer Temozolomide resistance in U87MG & LN229 glioma cells.,"Gliblastoma is a malignant brain tumor; despite available treatment modalities, the tumor reoccurrence rate persist in the currently prescribed Temozolomide chemotherapy. Study aimed to study the inquisitive role of RNA binding splice factor protein hnRNPA1 in promoting glioma resistance against Temozolomide drug and therapeutic insights."
188,brain tumour,39585502,Microparticles Mediate Lipopolysaccharide-induced Inflammation and Chronic Pain in Mouse Model.,"Recent evidence highlights microparticles (MPs) as crucial players in intercellular communication among immune cells, yet their role in inflammation-induced chronic pain remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated the involvement of MPs in the progression of inflammation and associated pain using mouse models of chronic neuroinflammation induced by repeated intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 mg/kg for four consecutive days) in C57BL/6 mice. Chronic pain was analyzed at baseline (day 0) and on day 21 post-LPS injection using von Frey and the hot metal plate tests. We found a significant increase in the levels of proinflammatory mediators and activation of the TLR4-NFκB signaling pathways following LPS administration.  Additionally, transcriptional upregulation of chronic pain-associated TRP channels and glutamate receptors, including TRPA1, TRPM2, and mGluR2 in the cortex and hippocampus as well as mGluR5 in the cortex, was noted on day 21 post-LPS injection. Moreover, upregulation of TRPM2, mGluR2, and mGluR5 was found in the spinal cord, along with increased TRPA1 protein expression in the brain cortex. Plasma-derived MPs were isolated, revealing a significant increase in concentration 21 days after LPS injection, accompanied by TNF-α DNA encapsulation and increased TNF-α mRNA expression within MPs. Furthermore, MPs concentration positively correlated with the expression of TRPA1, TRPM2, mGluR2, and mGluR5. These findings suggest that MPs contribute to inflammation-induced chronic pain, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets."
189,brain tumour,39585441,Epigenetic dysregulation in glioblastoma: potential pathways to precision medicine.,"The emerging field of epigenetics has been driving glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) development and progression. Various epigenetic alterations involving tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, and signaling pathways have been identified in GBM. These alterations contribute to the aggressive behavior, therapeutic resistance, and tumor heterogeneity observed in GBM. Furthermore, the identification of specific genetic mutations associated with epigenetic dysregulation in GBM has provided new insights into the molecular subtypes and potential therapeutic targets within GBM. Understanding the complex interplay between genetic and epigenetic alterations in GBM is crucial for the development of effective and personalized therapies for this devastating disease. This review paper provides an overview of the epigenetic changes occurring in GBM and the potential of targeted epigenetic therapies as a promising avenue for GBM treatment, highlighting the challenges and future directions in this field has been deliberated."
190,brain tumour,39585236,Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG attenuates depression-like behaviour and cognitive deficits in chronic ethanol exposure mice by down-regulating systemic inflammatory factors.,"Ethanol can directly or indirectly lead to cognitive and mental disorders. The long-term intake of alcohol can directly affect the distribution of gut microbiota. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is a natural bacterium isolated from healthy human intestines that has the function of preventing cytokine-induced cell apoptosis and protecting cell barriers. However, the regulatory effect of LGG on cognitive and mental disorders caused by chronic ethanol exposure (CEE) is still unclear. In this study, we established a CEE mouse model through free alcohol consumption and added LGG or antibiotics in the later stages of the model. Sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that CEE resulted in a decrease in the abundance and diversity of mouse gut microbial communities accompanied by alterations in the relative abundance of multiple enterobacterial genera. The use of LGG and antibiotics alleviated the depression-like behaviour and cognitive impairment of CEE-induced mice, reduced expression of inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the ileum, serum and brain and increased the expression of synaptophysin (SYN), postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. Together, LGG can alleviate depression-like behaviour caused by CEE in mice while also improving cognitive and memory functions through reducing peripheral and nervous system inflammation factors and balancing gut microbiota."
191,brain tumour,39585062,Differential Effects of Extracellular Vesicles from Two Different Glioblastomas on Normal Human Brain Cells.,
192,brain tumour,39584841,Purely Endoscopic Subtemporal Keyhole Approach for Trigeminal Schwannomas: Surgical Techniques and Early Results.,"In the past, microscopic transcranial approach was the mainstay of treatment of trigeminal schwannomas. In recent years, several endoscopic procedures have been reported for trigeminal schwannomas. For trigeminal schwannomas arising around the Meckel cave, we introduced a fully endoscopic procedure with a small temporal craniotomy in June 2020 and have performed radical tumor removal as in the conventional approach. This article describes the details of the purely endoscopic subtemporal keyhole approach (PESKA) surgical procedure and reports the initial surgical results."
193,brain tumour,39584754,Safe Integration of Encorafenib plus Binimetinib with Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Melanoma Brain Metastases: a Case Report.,"Melanoma brain metastases represents a significant clinical challenge, frequently associated with high morbidity and mortality. Recent advancements in neuroimaging, radiation therapy, and targeted systemic therapies, specifically BRAF and MEK inhibitors, have improved the management of this condition. Nevertheless, the optimal therapeutic approach for melanoma brain metastases remains a subject of ongoing debate, with no universally accepted treatment protocol. The combination of stereotactic radiosurgery with targeted therapy using encorafenib and binimetinib in patients harboring BRAF V600E mutation holds therapeutic promise but requires careful toxicity management to ensure both safety and efficacy."
194,brain tumour,39584650,Proposal for Managing Cancer-Related Insomnia: A Systematic Literature Review of Associated Factors and a Narrative Review of Treatment.,"Insomnia is common in patients with cancer. It has a multifactorial etiology that may include the disease process, adverse effects of anticancer therapies, and/or an association with other comorbidities. The purpose of this review was to identify risk factors for insomnia and suggest optimal management strategies."
195,brain tumour,39583604,Impact of Natriuretic Peptide on the Evolution of Patients With Pulmonary Embolism and Neoplasm.,"This retrospective study investigated the prognostic value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in 106 patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) and associated oncological pathology. The study aimed to evaluate the predictive accuracy of NT-proBNP for both the prognosis and complication risk, such as early mortality (≤ 30 days), late mortality (≥ 30 days), and PE recurrence, in relation to the neoplasm's location and stage. Additionally, it explored the relationship between NT-proBNP, hemodynamic status (stable/unstable), and the location of PE in the pulmonary arteries (main, lobar, segmental) for prognostic and complication risk assessment. The results showed that cancer patients with NT-proBNP levels above 600 ng/L had a significantly higher risk of acute PE recurrence compared to those with lower levels, especially in cases involving the main pulmonary arteries. Hemodynamic instability further elevated the risk of PE recurrence and death, underscoring the importance of NT-proBNP as a prognostic marker for this population. Patients with unstable hemodynamic status were more likely to have elevated NT-proBNP levels, and this was associated with a markedly increased risk of early as well as late demise. Furthermore, patients with multiple tumor locations demonstrated a heightened risk of mortality when NT-proBNP levels were elevated. These findings highlight the potential of NT-proBNP as a valuable tool for risk stratification and patient management in individuals with PE and associated oncological pathology."
196,brain tumour,39583490,Thalamic Ganglioglioma Treated With Radical Radiotherapy: A Rare Location and an Exclusive Form of Treatment.,"Gangliogliomas (GG) are rare primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. These CNS tumors are more commonly located at the supratentorial level. The treatment of choice for these tumors is surgical resection, and the role of radiotherapy remains controversial. A 61-year-old woman who presented with seizures underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which showed a left-side thalamic lesion with one solid and two cystic components. A neuronavigation-guided brain biopsy of the lesion established the diagnosis of GG, with expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) for glial cells and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and synaptophysin for ganglion cells. Due to the location of the lesion, the patient underwent radical radiotherapy. Post-treatment MRIs revealed a reduction in tumor dimensions. In conclusion, we emphasize the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of cerebral GG."
197,brain tumour,39583439,Atypical Presentation of Glioblastoma: A Case Report.,"This case report describes a patient who presented with devastating stroke-like symptoms secondary to a cystic brain lesion that was confirmed to be glioblastoma without significant symptomatology before her dramatic presentation. It further highlights the aggressive nature and the swift growth of the tumor in a short period of time. A 55-year-old female with no significant past medical history presented to the emergency department in a comatose state. The patient had experienced a week of worsening headaches and vomiting, self-medicating with Tylenol. Upon evaluation, she was noticed to have bilaterally dilated fixed pupils: R: 6 mm, L: 3 mm. The initial head CT revealed a right frontal cystic lesion associated with descending trans-tentorial brain herniation and brain-stem compression. Because of her relatively young age and sudden onset symptoms, the decision was made to take her urgently to the operating room. The patient underwent an emergency right frontal craniotomy, resection, and lobectomy. The patient was intubated and ventilated after surgery. The postoperative exam was significant for pupils ~2-3 mm and reactive to light. On postoperative day 1, the patient became very responsive and was eventually extubated. She was found to have a normal neurological examination after extubating her; despite the devastating presentation and extent of the tumor, the patient recovered well without significant motor or behavioral deficits. The surgical intervention prevented an impending brain death. A follow-up MRI after two weeks shows a substantial recurrence of the tumor as compared to imaging upon discharge. The patient was taken again to the operating room for a second surgery. She was discharged a few days after her second operation with follow-up recommendations with oncology. This case is among very few cases that highlight a swift and dramatic presentation of glioblastoma and isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild type grade IV in a patient without precipitating symptoms succeeding the main presentation. It also emphasizes rapid approaches to prevent a dreadful prognosis in this well-known aggressive type of brain tumor."
198,brain tumour,39582892,ECGA: A web server to explore and analyze extrachromosomal gene in cancer.,"Circular extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) plays a crucial role in the onset, progression, and evolution of many types of cancers, with dysregulated gene expression driven by ecDNA as a key mechanism. Although database resources for ecDNA are now available, a sophisticated web application dedicated to ecDNA gene analysis remains absent. Therefore, we developed ecDNA gene analyzer (ECGA). ECGA catalogues 23,274 unique ecDNA genes of 27 cancers across 27 tissues. ECGA also offers five specialized analysis tools: (1) 'Venn analysis' looks for overlaps between a given gene list and ecDNA genes; (2) 'Enrichment analysis' performs over-representation analysis and gene set enrichment analysis of input gene list within predefined ecDNA gene sets; (3) 'Target discovery' identifies upregulated ecDNA genes as targets by comparing with reference expression in normal samples; (4) 'DE analysis' finds differentially expressed ecDNA genes; (5) 'Signature discovery' discerns ecDNA gene signatures capable of classifying samples into phenotypic groups, and it is accompanied by 'Signature validation' for model test on unseen data. In summary, ECGA emerges as an indispensable platform in cancer genetics, bridging gaps in basic research, medical reporting, and pharmaceutical development, and propelling ecDNA research forward. ECGA is freely available at https://www.zhounan.org/ecga/."
199,brain tumour,39582810,miR-644a is a tumor cell-intrinsic mediator of sex bias in glioblastoma.,"Biological sex is an important risk factor for glioblastoma (GBM), with males having a higher incidence and poorer prognosis. The mechanisms for this sex bias are thought to be both tumor intrinsic and tumor extrinsic. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), key posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression, have been previously linked to sex differences in various cell types and diseases, but their role in the sex bias of GBM remains unknown."
200,brain tumour,39582734,The Level of Circulating M-MDSCs as an Indicator for the Therapeutic Outcome of BNCT in End-Stage Malignant Brain Tumor Patients.,Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising treatment modality for patients diagnosed with malignant brain tumors. It is currently used for emergency and compassionate purposes to treat end-stage malignant glioma or recurrent head and neck cancer patients in Taiwan. Understanding the factors influencing treatment response is crucial for optimizing patient care. This study aimed to investigate the association between tumor response and various parameters in end-stage malignant glioma patients following BNCT.
201,brain tumour,39582358,Understanding brain cancer and exploiting its vulnerabilities.,"Brain cancer is one of the most devastating neoplasms affecting both children and adults. Its dismal prognosis has for long-time discouraged research in this area. However, in the last 10-15 years remarkable progress has been made in our understanding of brain cancer biology, thus showing promise for the identification of new ways to treat these tumors towards the improvement of patients' survival and quality of life. This Thematic Issue on Brain cancers offers a much needed and timely critical overview of the fundamental discoveries in this area of research and which of those are more promising for effective translation into the clinic. Critically, many Reviews from this Issue also provide discussion points on why the field has not progressed as much as it had hoped to. It is important to emphasize however that we are living in exciting times with regards to our ability to translate fundamental findings into the clinic thanks to the enormous technological advances facilitating the study of cancer genomes and the development of new drugs or repurposing existing agents."
202,brain tumour,39582265,Influence of Lifestyles on Polyp Burden and Cancer Development in Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndromes.,"Whether the progression of precursor lesions or the occurrence of cancer is influenced by lifestyle factors in carriers of genetic mutations has not been fully investigated, especially in Asian patients of hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) syndrome."
203,brain tumour,39582130,Chemokine signaling in tumors: potential role of CXC chemokines and their receptors as glioblastoma therapeutic targets.,"Glioblastoma is the most aggressive brain tumor, typically associated with poor prognosis. Its treatment is challenging due to the peculiar glioblastoma cell biology and its microenvironment complexity. Specifically, a small fraction of glioma stem cells within the tumor mass drives tumor growth and invasiveness by hijacking brain resident and immune cells. This process also involves modification of extracellular matrix components, such as collagen and glycoproteins, where the secretion of soluble mediators, particularly CXC chemokines, plays a significant role."
204,brain tumour,39582001,Co-reactivity pattern of glucose metabolism and blood perfusion revealing DNA mismatch repair deficiency based on PET/DCE-MRI in endometrial cancer.,"Identifying DNA mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd) is important for prognosis risk stratification in patients with early-stage endometrial cancer (EC), but there is a notable absence of cost-effective and non-invasive preoperative assessment techniques. The study explored the co-reactivity pattern of glucose metabolism and blood perfusion in EC based on hybrid ["
205,brain tumour,39581856,Acupuncture and Moxibustion for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Regulatory Mechanisms Revealed by Microbiome and Metabolomic Analysis.,"Acupuncture and moxibustion are widely acknowledged as effective complementary therapies for managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the regulatory mechanisms by which these two therapies exert their therapeutic effects in IBD are yet to be fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of action underlying acupuncture and moxibustion and the regulative differences between them as therapeutic interventions for IBD. Using a dextran sodium sulfate-induced IBD mice model, the effects of the two treatments were evaluated by examination of body weight, stool samples, colon morphology, inflammatory factors, gut microbiota, and metabolites. The results indicated that both acupuncture and moxibustion mitigated body weight reduction; improved the structural characteristics of intestinal tissues; increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-10; and decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-[Formula: see text]), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-[Formula: see text]B), IL-6, IL-1[Formula: see text], and IL-17. Acupuncture and moxibustion had distinct effects on the regulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolic pathways in IBD mice. Moxibustion regulated a greater number of metabolic pathways than acupuncture, the majority of which were associated with amino acid metabolism, brain signal transmission, energy metabolism, and anti-inflammatory pathways. These findings provide a scientific basis for the differential applications of acupuncture and moxibustion in clinical practice."
206,brain tumour,39581339,Targeting inhibition of T3JAM reduces brain cell ferroptosis in rat following ischemia/reperfusion via a mechanism involving prevention of TLR4-mediated iron overload.,"Iron overload-dependent ferroptosis is believed to contribute to the brain injury of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), whereas toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) can exert pro-ferroptosis effect via inhibiting the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) level, but the mechanisms behind these phenomenon are not fully elucidated. Tumor necrosis factor receptor correlated factor 3-interaction Jun amino-terminal kinase [JNK]-activating modulator (T3JAM) can activate specific molecule and its downstream signaling pathways, including TLR4. This study aims to explore whether targeting T3JAM can reduce I/R-induced ferroptosis in brain via downregulating TLR4. A Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model of cerebral I/R injury was established by 2 h-ischemia plus 24 h-reperfusion, which displayed brain injury (increases in neurological deficit score and infarct volume) and upregulation of T3JAM and TLR4, concomitant with the increased ferroptosis, reflected by increases in the levels of transferrin receptor protein 1 (TfR1), total iron, Fe"
207,brain tumour,39580568,Multi-omic and single-cell profiling of chromothriptic medulloblastoma reveals genomic and transcriptomic consequences of genome instability.,"Chromothripsis is a frequent form of genome instability, whereby a presumably single catastrophic event generates extensive genomic rearrangements of one or multiple chromosome(s). However, little is known about the heterogeneity of chromothripsis across different clones from the same tumour, as well as changes in response to treatment. Here we analyse single-cell genomic and transcriptomic alterations linked with chromothripsis in human p53-deficient medulloblastoma and neural stem cells (n = 9). We reconstruct the order of somatic events, identify early alterations likely linked to chromothripsis and depict the contribution of chromothripsis to malignancy. We characterise subclonal variation of chromothripsis and its effects on extrachromosomal circular DNA, cancer drivers and putatively druggable targets. Furthermore, we highlight the causative role and the fitness consequences of specific rearrangements in neural progenitors."
208,brain tumour,39580518,GNAO1 overexpression promotes neural differentiation of glioma stem-like cells and reduces tumorigenicity through TRIM21/CREB/HES1 axis.,"Inducing tumor cell differentiation is a promising strategy for treating malignant cancers, including glioma, yet the critical regulator(s) underlying glioma cell differentiation is poorly understood. Here, we identify G Protein Subunit Alpha O1 (GNAO1) as a critical regulator of neural differentiation of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). GNAO1 expression was lower in gliomas than in normal neuronal tissues and high expression of GNAO1 correlated with a better prognosis. GNAO1 overexpression markedly promoted neural differentiation of GSCs, leading to decreased cell proliferation and colony formation. Mechanistically, GNAO1 recruited TRIM21 and facilitated TRIM21-mediated ubiquitination. This ubiquitination resulted in the degradation of CREB and further reduced p300-mediated H3K27ac levels of the HES1 promoter. As a result, GNAO1 overexpression downregulated HES1 expression, which reinforced neuronal differentiation. In addition, knockdown of METTL3, a key writer of the N"
209,brain tumour,39580368,Genome-wide methylation profiling differentiates benign from aggressive and metastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.,"Aggressive pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs)/adenomas are characterized by progressive growth despite surgery and all standard medical therapies and radiotherapy. A subset will metastasize to the brain and/or distant locations and are termed metastatic PitNETs (pituitary carcinomas). Studies of potential prognostic markers have been limited due to the rarity of these tumors. A few recurrent somatic mutations have been identified, and epigenetic alterations and chromosomal rearrangements have not been explored in larger cohorts of aggressive and metastatic PitNETs. In this study, we performed genome-wide methylation analysis, including copy-number variation (CNV) calculations, on tumor tissue specimens from a large international cohort of 64 patients with aggressive (48) and metastatic (16) pituitary tumors. Twelve patients with non-invasive pituitary tumors (Knosp 0-2) exhibiting an indolent course over a 5 year follow-up served as controls. In an unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis, aggressive/metastatic PitNETs clustered separately from benign pituitary tumors, and, when only specimens from the first surgery were analyzed, three separate clusters were identified: aggressive, metastatic, and benign PitNETs. Numerous CNV events affecting chromosomal arms and whole chromosomes were frequent in aggressive and metastatic, whereas benign tumors had normal chromosomal copy numbers with only few alterations. Genome-wide methylation analysis revealed different CNV profiles and a clear separation between aggressive/metastatic and benign pituitary tumors, potentially providing biomarkers for identification of these tumors with a worse prognosis at the time of first surgery. The data may refine follow-up routines and contribute to the timely introduction of adjuvant therapy in patients harboring, or at risk of developing, aggressive or metastatic pituitary tumors."
210,brain tumour,39580236,Examining Preliminary Efficacy of a Qigong Intervention in Veterans with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.,The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the preliminary efficacy of an 8-week qigong intervention in managing biopsychosocial outcomes in veterans with chronic low back pain (CLBP).
211,brain tumour,39580001,The association of linear energy transfer and dose with radiation necrosis after pencil beam scanning proton therapy in pediatric posterior fossa tumors: Association of dose and LET with radiation necrosis.,Proton therapy is the preferred treatment modality for most pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. The risk of radiation necrosis may be increased at the distal end of the beam due to an increase in linear energy transfer (LET) and relative biological effective (RBE) dose. We report on the association of linear energy transfer (LET) and dose with radiation necrosis after pencil beam scanning proton therapy in pediatric posterior fossa tumors using a case-control framework.
212,brain tumour,39579930,Fractionated radiotherapy with stereotactic radiosurgery boost controls gross disease in grade 2 meningioma.,Opportunity exists for improved local control rates of grade 2 meningiomas that recur despite maximal surgical resection and adjuvant fractionated radiotherapy. We describe a dose escalation strategy of increasing the total tumor radiation dose by adding a stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) boost targeting gross disease to fractionated radiotherapy.
213,brain tumour,39579870,Altering fractionation during radiation overcomes radio-resistance in patient-derived glioblastoma cells assessed using a novel longitudinal radiation cytotoxicity assay.,"Current radiotherapy (RT) in glioblastoma (GBM) is delivered as constant dose fractions (CDF), which do not account for intratumoral-heterogeneity and radio-selection in GBM. These factors contribute to differential treatment response complicating the therapeutic efficacy of this principle. Our study aims to investigate an alternative dosing strategy to overcome radio-resistance using a novel longitudinal radiation cytotoxicity assay."
214,brain tumour,39579371,Dynamic contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted MR imaging for predicting tumor growth of sporadic vestibular schwannomas: a prospective study.,"Advanced MR imaging, such as diffusion-weighted (DWI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging, may provide valuable non-invasive information on intrinsic tumor biology. This study aims to evaluate apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and DCE-MRI-derived microvascular parameter values (Ktrans, ve, and vp) as potential imaging predictors for future sporadic vestibular schwannoma (VS) growth."
215,brain tumour,39578985,A broader outlook is required to stage and classify pituitary neoplasms for patient care.,No abstract found
216,brain tumour,39578808,Sentinels of neuroinflammation: the crucial role of myeloid cells in the pathogenesis of gliomas and neurodegenerative diseases.,"The inflammatory processes that drive pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS) are complex and involve significant contributions from the immune system, particularly myeloid cells. Understanding the shared and distinct pathways of myeloid cell regulation in different CNS diseases may offer critical insights into therapeutic development. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying myeloid cell dysfunction and neuroinflammation in two groups of neurological pathologies with significant social impact and a limited efficacy of their treatments: the most common primary brain tumors -gliomas-, and the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders -Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Despite their distinct clinical manifestations, these diseases share key pathological features, including chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation. The role of myeloid cells in neuroinflammation has garnered special interest in recent years in both groups, as evidenced by the growing focus on therapeutic research centred on myeloid cells. By examining the cellular and molecular dynamics that govern these conditions, we hope to identify common and unique therapeutic targets that can inform the development of more effective treatments. Recent advances in single-cell technologies have revolutionized our understanding of myeloid cell heterogeneity, revealing diverse phenotypes and molecular profiles across different disease stages and microenvironments. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of myeloid cell involvement in gliomas, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, with a focus on phenotypic acquisition, molecular alterations, and therapeutic strategies targeting myeloid cells. This integrated approach not only addresses the limitations of current treatments but also suggests new avenues for therapeutic intervention, aimed at modulating the immune landscape to improve patient outcomes."
217,brain tumour,39578586,Using tumor DNA methylomes to predict cancer metastasis to the brain.,No abstract found
218,brain tumour,39578332,Metabolically-Driven Active Targeting of Magnetic Nanoparticles Functionalized with Glucuronic Acid to Glioblastoma: Application to MRI-Tracked Magnetic Hyperthermia Therapy.,"Glioblastoma continues to pose a major global health challenge due to its incurable nature. The need for new strategies to combat this devastating tumor is therefore paramount. Nanotechnology offers unique opportunities to develop innovative and more effective therapeutic approaches. However, most nanosystems developed to treat glioblastomas, especially those based on metallic nanoparticles (NPs), have proven unsuccessful due to their inability to efficiently target these tumors, which are particularly inaccessible due to the restrictions imposed by the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB). Here, an innovative strategy is presented to efficiently target metallic NPs to glioblastomas through glucose transporters (GLUT) overexpressed on the endothelial cells of glioblastoma microvasculature, particularly GLUT1. Specifically, Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs) are functionalized with glucuronic acid to promote GLUT-mediated transcytosis which is drastically boosted by inducing mild hypoglycemia. This metabolically-driven active targeting strategy has yielded unprecedented efficacy in targeting metallic NPs to glioblastomas. Moreover, these IONPs, designed to act as magnetic hyperthermia (MH) mediators, are used to conduct a proof-of-concept preclinical study on MRI-tracked MH therapy following intravenous administration, resulting in significant tumor growth delay. These findings demonstrate unparalleled efficiency in glioblastoma targeting and lay the ground for developing alternative therapeutic strategies to combat glioblastoma."
219,brain tumour,39578301,"Patient-derived glioma organoids real time identification of IDH mutation, 1p/19q-codeletion and CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion with differential ion mobility spectrometry.","Extent of brain tumor resection continues to be one of the central decisions taken during standard of care in glioma patients. Here, we aimed to evaluate the most essential molecular factors, such as IDH (isocitrate dehydrogenase) mutation in gliomas classification with patient-derived glioma organoids (PGOs) using differential mobility spectrometry (DMS)."
220,brain tumour,39578273,Quality of life in non-functioning pituitary adenoma: A systematic review.,"Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenomas (pituitary neuroendocrine tumours) (NFPA) have a profound detrimental effect of patient-reported health-related quality of life (QOL). Elucidating the underlying mechanisms by which NFPA influence patients' emotional physical and psychosocial wellbeing would provide the foundation for therapeutic strategies to optimise patient outcomes. A systematic review of the literature was performed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Studies that utilised validated metrics to report QOL in NFPA were included. Patients with NFPA exhibit worse QOL than healthy controls across both mental and physical domains. Surgery provides significant improvements in QOL within 3 months, and QOL can normalise years after successful treatment. Compared with functioning adenomas, QOL is favourable. The underlying mechanisms for QOL detriment in NFPA is multifactorial and includes visual failure, hypopituitarism, headache, sleep dysfunction, pain, the sick role, treatment-related anxiety, and the morbidity of surgical and radiotherapy treatment. The effects of NFPA on QOL are global, with deficits in physical, psychosocial, and cognitive function. With successful treatment, QOL can return to that of the general population. Targeting hypopituitarism, sleep dysfunction, headache, pain, and disease-related anxiety are paths to improve QOL in NFPA."
221,brain tumour,39578138,Permanent alopecia after radiotherapy of primary brain tumours: The most influential factors.,"Alopecia is a distressing side effect of radiotherapy in patients undergoing treatment for primary brain tumours. This study aimed to investigate the most influential clinical, demographic, and dosimetric factors associated with permanent scalp alopecia in patients with brain tumours treated with intensity-modulated radiations."
222,brain tumour,39577862,EANO guideline on molecular testing of meningiomas for targeted therapy selection.,"Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors of adults. For meningiomas that progress or recur despite surgical resection and radiotherapy, additional treatment options are limited due to lack of proven efficacy. Meningiomas show recurring molecular aberrations, which may serve as predictive markers for systemic pharmacotherapies with targeted drugs or immunotherapy, radiotherapy or radioligand therapy. Here, we review the evidence for a predictive role of a wide range of molecular alterations and markers including NF2, AKT1, SMO, SMARCE1, PIK3CA, CDKN2A/B, CDK4/6, TERT, TRAF7, BAP1, KLF4, ARID1/2, SUFU, PD-L1, SSTR2A, PR/ER, mTOR, VEGFR, PDGFR, as well as homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), genomic copy number variations, DNA methylation classes and combined gene expression profiles. In our assessment based on the established ESMO ESCAT (European Society for Medical Oncology Scale for Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets) evidence level criteria, no molecular target reached ESCAT I (""ready for clinical use"") classification and only mTOR pathway activation and NF2 alterations reached ESCAT II (""investigational"") classification, respectively. Our evaluations may guide targeted therapy selection in clinical practice and clinical trial efforts and highlight areas for which additional research is warranted."
223,brain tumour,39577649,Machine Learning Algorithms for Neurosurgical Preoperative Planning: A Comprehensive Scoping Review.,"Preoperative neurosurgical planning is a keen step to avoiding surgical complications, reducing morbidity, and improving patient safety. The incursion of machine learning (ML) in this domain has recently gained attention, given the notable advantages in processing large data sets and potentially generating efficient and accurate algorithms in patient care. Herein, we evaluated the evolving applications of ML algorithms in the preoperative planning of brain and spine surgery."
224,brain tumour,39577643,Endoscopic Occipital Transtentorial Approach for Dorsal Midbrain Cavernous Malformation: Technical Notes with Illustrative Case.,"The dorsal midbrain, an anatomically intricate region, presents significant challenges for traditional surgical interventions due to the heightened risk of vascular and neurological injury, and the necessity of brain tissue retraction."
225,brain tumour,39577630,Survival Analysis of Glioblastoma: A Scientometric Perspective.,"Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor, and the outlook for patients is usually pessimistic. Numerous ongoing studies have focused on enhancing the survival rate of glioblastoma patients. This study aims to analyze the research trends surrounding glioblastoma survival and facilitate studying recent topics to provide insight into the perspective, research fields, and international collaborations. Data were collected from the Web of Science database documents published from 1980 to 2022 and analyzed using Citespace and Biblioshiny software. After analyzing the data, we visualized the co-occurrence and co-authorship networks. . Eighteen main clusters were formed by drawing a document co-citation network. The result indicates that Prognostic biomarkers, treating field, T cell, radiomic feature, and 5-aminolevulinic acid were trending topics for researchers. The most active countries in this field are the United States, followed by China, Germany, and Italy, respectively. Considering the significance of monitoring the studies in glioblastoma patients, the current research has shown promising results in stratifying patient survival as a valuable tool for prognosis and prediction and eventually guiding treatment decisions. Using the results of this study, glioblastoma researchers can identify their potential colleagues and research gaps in this field."
226,brain tumour,39577347,LATUP-Net: A lightweight 3D attention U-Net with parallel convolutions for brain tumor segmentation.,"Early-stage 3D brain tumor segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans is crucial for prompt and effective treatment. However, this process faces the challenge of precise delineation due to the tumors' complex heterogeneity. Moreover, energy sustainability targets and resource limitations, especially in developing countries, require efficient and accessible medical imaging solutions. The proposed architecture, a Lightweight 3D ATtention U-Net with Parallel convolutions, LATUP-Net, addresses these issues. It is specifically designed to reduce computational requirements significantly while maintaining high segmentation performance. By incorporating parallel convolutions, it enhances feature representation by capturing multi-scale information. It further integrates an attention mechanism to refine segmentation through selective feature recalibration. LATUP-Net achieves promising segmentation performance: the average Dice scores for the whole tumor, tumor core, and enhancing tumor on the BraTS 2020 dataset are 88.41%, 83.82%, and 73.67%, and on the BraTS 2021 dataset, they are 90.29%, 89.54%, and 83.92%, respectively. Hausdorff distance metrics further indicate its improved ability to delineate tumor boundaries. With its significantly reduced computational demand using only 3.07 M parameters, about 59 times fewer than other state-of-the-art models, and running on a single NVIDIA GeForce RTX3060 12 GB GPU, LATUP-Net requires just 15.79 GFLOPs. This makes it a promising solution for real-world clinical applications, particularly in settings with limited resources. Investigations into the model's interpretability, utilizing gradient-weighted class activation mapping and confusion matrices, reveal that while attention mechanisms enhance the segmentation of small regions, their impact is nuanced. Achieving the most accurate tumor delineation requires carefully balancing local and global features. The code is available at https://qyber.black/ca/code-bca."
227,brain tumour,39576855,Single-cell multi-omics sequencing uncovers region-specific plasticity of glioblastoma for complementary therapeutic targeting.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) cells are highly heterogeneous and invasive, leading to treatment resistance and relapse. However, the molecular regulation in and distal to tumors remains elusive. Here, we collected paired tissues from the tumor core (TC) and peritumoral brain (PTB) for integrated snRNA-seq and snATAC-seq analyses. Tumor cells infiltrating PTB from TC behave more like oligodendrocyte progenitor cells than astrocytes at the transcriptome level. Dual-omics analyses further suggest that the distal regulatory regions in the tumor genome and specific transcription factors are potential determinants of regional heterogeneity. Notably, while activator protein 1 (AP-1) is active in all GBM states, its activity declines from TC to PTB, with another transcription factor, BACH1, showing the opposite trend. Combined inhibition of AP-1 and BACH1 more efficiently attenuates the tumor progression in mice and prolongs survival than either single-target treatment. Together, our work reveals marked molecular alterations of infiltrated GBM cells and a synergy of combination therapy targeting intratumor heterogeneity in and distal to GBM."
228,brain tumour,39576398,Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting P53-Mediated Mitochondria-Associated Apoptosis.,"Ischemia-reperfusion is a complex brain disease involving multiple biological processes, including autophagy, oxidative stress, and mitochondria-associated apoptosis. Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), a selective autophagy, is involved in the development of various neurodegenerative diseases and acute nerve injury, but its role in ischemia-reperfusion is unclear. Here, we used middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) models to simulate cerebral ischemic stroke in vivo and in vitro, respectively. LAMP2A (lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A), a key molecule of CMA, was dramatically downregulated in ischemia-reperfusion. Enhancement of CMA activity by LAMP2A overexpression reduced the neurological deficit, brain infarct volume, pathological features, and neuronal apoptosis of the cortex in vivo. Concomitantly, enhanced CMA activity alleviated OGD/R-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential decline in vitro. In addition, we found that CMA inhibited the P53(Tumor protein p53) signaling pathway and reduced P53 translocation to mitochondria. The P53 activator, Nutlin-3, not only reversed the inhibitory effect of CMA on apoptosis, but also significantly weakened the protective effect of CMA on OGD/R and MCAO/R. Taken together, these results indicate that inhibition of P53-mediated mitochondria-associated apoptosis is essential for the neuroprotective effect of CMA against ischemia-reperfusion."
229,brain tumour,39576389,Different types of combined endoscopic and transcranial approaches for complex giant pituitary adenomas: how I do it.,"Surgery for giant pituitary adenomas (GPAs) poses significant challenges, particularly when the tumor cannot be fully addressed using either the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) or the microscopic transcranial approach (MTCA) alone."
230,brain tumour,39576299,Tumour mimics in paediatric neuroimaging.,"Distinguishing tumours from other conditions is a primary challenge in paediatric neuro-radiology. This paper aims to describe mimics, which are non-neoplastic conditions that have features similar to a neoplastic process caused by a non-neoplastic entity, and chameleons, which are uncommon presentations of brain tumours that are mistaken for other diagnoses. By doing so, we aim to raise awareness of these conditions and prevent inappropriate investigations or treatment in children. When suspecting a brain tumour, a detailed history, physical examination, and appropriate laboratory investigations can provide important clues about the nature of the lesion and narrow the list of possible differential diagnoses. Presented here is a collection of cases that have puzzled us for various reasons, including the absence of symptoms, coincidental timing, or misleading radiological features. Included in this pictorial essay are cases in which only a biopsy has helped us to make the correct diagnosis, as well as cases in which an unsuccessful biopsy has allowed us to evaluate hypotheses that were previously unaddressed. The paper also highlights the limited knowledge we have about the intercausality between malformations and later onset tumours, and the spectrum of manifestations that metabolic and genetic disorders can have."
231,brain tumour,39575962,[Ganglioglioma with an atypical histopathological phenotype or a new entity of the LEAT group?].,"The article reports the discovery of pathological substrates with an atypical histopathological phenotype in the brains of patients undergoing surgery for drug-resistant structural epilepsy. A complete panel of histopathological staining and immunohistochemical analysis with a wide range of antibodies were available at pathological examination. In addition to pathomorphological verification, molecular genetic testing was performed for the presence of mutations in the "
232,brain tumour,39575767,Distinct epigenetic and transcriptional profiles of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive and negative primary CNS lymphomas.,"Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)+ and EBV- primary CNS lymphomas (PCNSL) carry distinct mutational landscapes, but their transcriptional and epigenetic profiles have not been integrated and compared. This precludes further insights into pathobiology and molecular differences, relevant for classification and targeted therapy."
233,brain tumour,39575553,Mechanistic Modeling of Spatial Heterogeneity of Drug Penetration and Exposure in the Human Central Nervous System and Brain Tumors.,"Direct measurement of spatial-temporal drug penetration and exposure in the human central nervous system (CNS) and brain tumors is difficult or infeasible. This study aimed to develop an innovative mechanistic modeling platform for quantitative prediction of spatial pharmacokinetics of systemically administered drugs in the human CNS and brain tumors. A nine-compartment CNS (9-CNS) physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model was developed to account for general anatomical structure and pathophysiological heterogeneity of the human CNS and brain tumors. Drug distribution into and within the CNS and tumors is driven by plasma concentration-time profiles and governed by drug properties and CNS pathophysiology. The model was validated by comparisons of model predictions and clinically observed data of six drugs (abemaciclib, ribociclib, pamiparib, olaparib, temuterkib, and ceritinib) in glioblastoma patients. As rigorously validated, the 9-CNS model allows reliable prediction of spatial pharmacokinetics in different regions of the brain parenchyma (i.e., parenchyma adjacent to CSF and deep parenchyma), tumors (i.e., tumor rim, bulk tumor, and tumor core), and CSF (i.e., ventricular CSF, cranial and spinal subarachnoid CSF). By considering inter-individual plasma pharmacokinetic variability and CNS/tumor heterogeneity, the model well predicts the inter-individual variability and spatial heterogeneity of drug exposure in the CNS and tumors as observed for all six drugs in glioblastoma patients. The 9-CNS model is a first-of-its kind, mechanism-based computational modeling platform that enables early reliable prediction of spatial CNS and tumor pharmacokinetics based on plasma concentration-time profiles. It provides a valuable tool to assist rational drug development and treatment for brain cancer."
234,brain tumour,39575457,Inhibition of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Hypoxia to Radiosensitize Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma.,"Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas (DIPG) and other H3K27M-mutated diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are brain tumors that primarily affect children. Radiotherapy is the standard of care but only provides temporary symptomatic relief due to radioresistance. While hypoxia is a major driver of radioresistance in other tumors, there is no definitive evidence that DIPGs are hypoxic. DIPGs often contain histone mutations, which alter tumor metabolism and are also associated with radioresistance. Our objective was to identify the metabolic profiles of DIPG cells, detect hypoxia signatures, and uncover metabolism-linked mechanisms of radioresistance to improve tumor radiosensitivity."
235,brain tumour,39575168,Risk factors for postoperative hypokalemia in patients undergoing endoscopic pituitary adenoma resection: a retrospective cohort study.,"Currently, endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is the primary approach for treating pituitary tumors. While endoscopic surgery offers numerous advantages, it also comes with a series of potential surgical complications. Postoperative hypokalemia is a common complication, with mild cases presenting with atypical symptoms such as dizziness, headache, fatigue, and constipation, while severe cases can lead to arrhythmias, rhabdomyolysis, and even death. Therefore, early identification of risk factors for postoperative hypokalemia is crucial. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for hypokalemia after endoscopic pituitary tumor resection."
236,brain tumour,39575154,Controlled Delivery of Paclitaxel via Stable Synthetic Protein Nanoparticles.,"Despite decades of intense research, glioma remains a disease for which no adequate clinical treatment exists. Given the ongoing therapeutic failures of conventional treatment approaches, nanomedicine may offer alternative options because it can increase the bioavailability of drugs and alter their pharmacokinetics. Here, a new type of synthetic protein nanoparticles (SPNPs) is reported that allow for effective loading and controlled release of the potent cancer drug, paclitaxel (PTX) - a drug that so far has been unsuccessful in glioma treatment due to hydrophobicity, low solubility, and associated delivery challenges. SPNPs are prepared by electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jetting of dilute solutions of PTX-loaded albumin made by high-pressure homogenization. After EHD jetting, PTX SPNPs possess a dry diameter of 165 ± 44 nm, hydrated diameter of 297 ± 102 nm, and a zeta potential of -19 ± 8 mV in water. For the SPNP formulation with a total PTX loading of 9.4%, the loading efficiency is 94%, and controlled release of PTX is observed over two weeks (6% burst release). PTX SPNPs are more potent (68% lethality) than free PTX (45% lethality using 0.2% dimethyl sulfoxide). PTX SPNPs in combination with IR show a significant survival benefit in glioma-bearing mouse models, avoid adverse liver toxicity, and maintain a normal brain architecture. Immunohistochemistry reveals a dramatic tumor size reduction including 40% long-term survivors without discernible signs of tumor. Using flexibly engineered SPNPs, this work outlines an efficient strategy for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs that are otherwise notoriously hard to deliver."
237,brain tumour,39575008,Unveiling the Enigma: Multiple Primary Neoplasms Mimicking Metastatic Disease.,"Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid malignancy, typically associated with a favorable prognosis due to its slow progression and high treatability. Standard treatment often involves surgical resection followed by radioactive iodine therapy, which significantly reduces the risk of recurrence. However, despite these effective interventions, rare and unexpected complications can arise, posing significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. While PTC rarely metastasizes beyond regional lymph nodes, distant metastases, particularly to the brain, are exceedingly uncommon and often signal a more aggressive disease course. The presentation of brain metastasis from PTC is rare. Concurrently, primary brain tumors such as astrocytoma can present diagnostic dilemmas, particularly when they arise in patients with a history of other malignancies. This case report aims to shed light on the complexities and challenges faced in diagnosing and managing a patient with a history of PTC who later presents with neurological symptoms suggestive of intracranial pathology. By reviewing the existing literature and discussing this unique presentation, we aim to contribute to the understanding of rare metastatic patterns and the critical importance of comprehensive diagnostic evaluations in patients with previous malignancies."
238,brain tumour,39574605,Proteolysis-targeting vaccines (PROTAVs) for robust combination immunotherapy of melanoma.,"Protein/peptide subunit vaccines are promising to promote the tumor therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, current protein/peptide vaccines elicit limited antitumor T cell responses, leading to suboptimal therapeutic efficacy. Here, we present proteolysis-targeting vaccines (PROTAVs) that facilitate antigen proteolytic processing and cross-presentation to potentiate T cell responses for robust ICB combination immunotherapy of melanoma. PROTAVs are modular conjugates of protein/peptide antigens, E3 ligase-binding ligands, and linkers. In antigen-presenting cells (APCs), PROTAVs bind to E3 ligases to rapidly ubiquitinate PROTAV antigens, facilitating antigen proteolytic processing by proteasome, and thereby promoting antigen cross-presentation to T cells and potentiating CD8"
239,brain tumour,39574474,hsa-miR-181a-5p inhibits glioblastoma development via the MAPK pathway: ,"Glioblastoma remains a highly invasive primary brain malignancy with an undesirable prognosis. Growing evidence has shed light on the importance of microRNAs (miRs), as small non-coding RNAs, in tumor development and progression. The present study leverages the "
240,brain tumour,39574473,A comprehensive and systematic analysis of Dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase ,Dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (
241,brain tumour,39574472,Using Multi-Omics Analysis to Explore Diagnostic Tool and Optimize Drug Therapy Selection for Patients with Glioma Based on Cross-Talk Gene Signature.,"The heterogeneity of prognosis and treatment benefits among patients with gliomas is due to tumor microenvironment characteristics. However, biomarkers that reflect microenvironmental characteristics and predict the prognosis of gliomas are limited. Therefore, we aimed to develop a model that can effectively predict prognosis, differentiate microenvironment signatures, and optimize drug selection for patients with glioma."
242,brain tumour,39574033,Genetic association between mitochondrial DNA copy number and glioma risk: insights from causality.,The genetic causal association between the mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) and the development of glioma and glioblastoma (GBM) remains unclear.
243,brain tumour,39572979,Pre-radiation Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with newly diagnosed high-grade gliomas.,"The limited success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the adjuvant setting for glioblastoma highlights the need to explore administering ICIs prior to immunosuppressive radiation. To address the feasibility and safety of this approach, we conducted a phase I study in patients with newly diagnosed Grade 3 and Grade 4 gliomas. Patients received nivolumab 300 mg every 2 weeks and ipilimumab 1 mg/kg every 6 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Fifteen patients were treated, with four patients on dexamethasone at treatment initiation and five tumors having "
244,brain tumour,39572850,Evolving cell states and oncogenic drivers during the progression of IDH-mutant gliomas.,"Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutants define a class of gliomas that are initially slow-growing but inevitably progress to fatal disease. To characterize their malignant cell hierarchy, we profiled chromatin accessibility and gene expression across single cells from low-grade and high-grade IDH-mutant gliomas and ascertained their developmental states through a comparison to normal brain cells. We provide evidence that these tumors are initially fueled by slow-cycling oligodendrocyte progenitor cell-like cells. During progression, a more proliferative neural progenitor cell-like population expands, potentially through partial reprogramming of 'permissive' chromatin in progenitors. This transition is accompanied by a switch from methylation-based drivers to genetic ones. In low-grade IDH-mutant tumors or organoids, DNA hypermethylation appears to suppress interferon (IFN) signaling, which is induced by IDH or DNA methyltransferase 1 inhibitors. High-grade tumors frequently lose this hypermethylation and instead acquire genetic alterations that disrupt IFN and other tumor-suppressive programs. Our findings explain how these slow-growing tumors may progress to lethal malignancies and have implications for therapies that target their epigenetic underpinnings."
245,brain tumour,39572606,GCC2 promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression by maintaining Golgi apparatus integrity and stimulating EGFR signaling pathways.,"Fundamental changes in intracellular processes, such as overactive growth signaling pathways, are common in carcinomas and are targets of many cancer therapeutics. GRIP and coiled-coil containing 2 (GCC2) is a trans-Golgi network (TGN) golgin maintaining Golgi apparatus structure and regulating vesicle transport. Here, we found an aberrant overexpression of GCC2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and conducted shRNA-mediated gene knockdown to investigate the role of GCC2 in NSCLC progression. shRNA-mediated GCC2 knockdown suppressed NSCLC cell growth, migration, stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. In addition, GCC2 knockdown suppressed cancer cell exosome secretion and the oncogenic capacity of cancer cell-derived exosomes. Mechanistically, GCC2 inhibition decreased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and downstream growth and proliferation signaling. Furthermore, GCC2 inhibition compromised Golgi structural integrity in cancer cells, indicating a functional role of GCC2 in regulating intracellular trafficking and signaling to promote lung cancer progression. Together, these findings suggest GCC2 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC."
246,brain tumour,39572533,Integrated molecular and functional characterization of the intrinsic apoptotic machinery identifies therapeutic vulnerabilities in glioma.,"Genomic profiling often fails to predict therapeutic outcomes in cancer. This failure is, in part, due to a myriad of genetic alterations and the plasticity of cancer signaling networks. Functional profiling, which ascertains signaling dynamics, is an alternative method to anticipate drug responses. It is unclear whether integrating genomic and functional features of solid tumours can provide unique insight into therapeutic vulnerabilities. We perform combined molecular and functional characterization, via BH3 profiling of the intrinsic apoptotic machinery, in glioma patient samples and derivative models. We identify that standard-of-care therapy rapidly rewires apoptotic signaling in a genotype-specific manner, revealing targetable apoptotic vulnerabilities in gliomas containing specific molecular features (e.g., TP53 WT). However, integration of BH3 profiling reveals high mitochondrial priming is also required to induce glioma apoptosis. Accordingly, a machine-learning approach identifies a composite molecular and functional signature that best predicts responses of diverse intracranial glioma models to standard-of-care therapies combined with ABBV-155, a clinical drug targeting intrinsic apoptosis. This work demonstrates how complementary functional and molecular data can robustly predict therapy-induced cell death."
247,brain tumour,39572474,Radiomics based on brain-to-tumor interface enables prediction of metastatic tumor type of brain metastasis: a proof-of-concept study.,Early and accurate identification of the metastatic tumor types of brain metastasis (BM) is essential for appropriate treatment and management.
248,brain tumour,39572197,Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Intra-Axial Brain Tumors: Everything the Neuroradiologist Should Know.,"Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive cytoreductive treatment option for patients with intracranial tumors. Utilizing real-time MR thermometry, LITT delivers tailored, targeted, and permanent cytotoxic thermal injury to intra-axial pathology. As a minimally invasive and nonionizing treatment option proved to be an effective, less morbid, and more efficient alternative to surgery, the utility of LITT has rapidly expanded. Along with this growth comes the need for neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists to accurately assess the radiographic outcomes of LITT in a standardized, dependable, and longitudinal fashion. We present a comprehensive overview of the indications and mechanisms of action of LITT for intra-axial brain tumors as well as guidance on thorough pre-, intra-, and postoperative imaging assessments. Using detailed case examples describing the contemporary uses of LITT, we hope to provide a foundational understanding of LITT that will inform imaging assessment and guide accurate multi disciplinary tumor board discussion."
249,brain tumour,39572158,IL-18R supported CAR T cells targeting oncofetal tenascin C for the immunotherapy of pediatric sarcoma and brain tumors.,"Oncofetal splice variants of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins present a unique group of target antigens for the immunotherapy of pediatric cancers. However, limited data is available if these splice variants can be targeted with T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs)."
250,brain tumour,39571672,Update on the roles of regular daily rhythms in combating brain tumors.,"An endogenous time-keeping system found in all kingdoms of life, the endogenous circadian clock, is the source of the essential cyclic change mechanism known as the circadian rhythm. The primary circadian clock that synchronizes peripheral circadian clocks to the proper phase is housed in the anterior hypothalamus's suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), which functions as a central pacemaker. According to many epidemiological studies, many cancer types, especially brain tumors, have shown evidence of dysregulated clock gene expression, and the connection between clock and brain tumors is highly specific. In some studies, it is reported that the treatment administered in the morning has been linked to prolonged survival for brain cancer patients, and drug sensitivity and gene expression in gliomas follow daily rhythms. These results suggest a relationship between the circadian rhythm and the onset and spread of brain tumors, while further accumulation of research evidence will be needed to establish definitely these positive outcomes as well as to determine the mechanism underlying them. Chronotherapy provides a means of harnessing current medicines to prolong patients' lifespans and improve their quality of life, indicating the significance of circadian rhythm in enhancing the design of future patient care and clinical trials. Moreover, it is implicated that chronobiological therapy target may provide a significant challenge that warrants extensive effort to achieve. This review examines evidence of the relationship of circadian rhythm with glioma molecular pathogenesis and summarizes the mechanisms and drugs implicated in this disease."
251,brain tumour,39571483,Convection-enhanced delivery of [,Our objective was to study convection enhanced delivery (CED) of 
252,brain tumour,39571478,Stereotactic radiosurgery for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor brain Metastases: Systematic review and Illustrative case presentation.,"Neuroendocrine tumor (NET) brain metastases (BM) are rare malignancies which frequently bear a poor prognosis and have the potential to secrete hormones. The optimal treatment approach for these metastases remains unclear, with significant heterogeneity occurring both across and within primary tumor types, and outcome data are limited. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) BM may be particularly aggressive. While stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for other NET BM has previously been described, no report has specifically investigated SRS for management of pNET BM."
253,brain tumour,39571258,"Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells mitigate A1 astrocyte neuroinflammation induced by 1,2-dichloroethane via ERBB pathway inhibition.","1,2-Dichloroethane (1,2-DCE), a prevalent industrial and environmental contaminant, induces toxic encephalopathy through inhalation, leading to neurotoxic effects and inflammation-driven brain edema. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) secrete bioactive factors, including miRNAs, proteins, and lipids via exosomes, exhibiting anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory properties. However, their potential in treating 1,2-DCE-induced neuroinflammation and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates how HUCMSCs mitigate 1,2-DCE-induced neuroinflammation. We exposed SVG p12 cells to 1,2-DCE and assessed inflammatory markers and A1 astrocyte activation. Co-culturing these cells with HUCMSCs, we used RNA sequencing to analyze inflammatory modulation. Additionally, HUCMSCs were administered to CD-1 male mice post-1,2-DCE exposure, evaluating the reduction in A1 astrocyte inflammation via behavioral tests, molecular analyses, and tissue staining. Pre-treating HUCMSCs with exosome inhibitors and co-culturing them with 1,2-DCE-treated SVG p12 cells investigated miRNA transfer. Results showed that 1,2-DCE activated A1 astrocytes, leading to increases in interleukin-1β (IL-1β, 4.9-fold), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, 2.5-fold), complement 3 (C3, 2.1-fold), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, 1.4-fold). HUCMSCs effectively reversed 1,2-DCE-induced A1 astrocyte inflammation, attenuating IL-1β, TNF-α, and A1 astrocyte activation. RNA-seq highlighted modulation of the erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase (ERBB) pathway via Ral-binding protein 1-associated Eps domain-containing 2 (REPS2). In vivo confirmation underscored these findings. Importantly, HUCMSC-derived exosomes, particularly miR-3064-5p, reversed 1,2-DCE-activated A1 astrocyte inflammation, suggesting therapeutic potential. Collectively, HUCMSCs alleviate 1,2-DCE-induced neuroinflammation via exosome-mediated miR-3064-5p secretion, targeting REPS2 to mitigate neuroinflammation. This study advances the understanding of their therapeutic roles and highlights HUCMSC exosomal miRNA transfer for treating 1,2-DCE-induced neuroinflammatory conditions."
254,brain tumour,39571173,Oxygen/Nitric Oxide Dual-Releasing Nanozyme for Augmenting TMZ-Mediated Apoptosis and Necrosis.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor, with a poor prognosis. Temozolomide (TMZ) represents the standard chemotherapy for GBM but has limited efficacy due to poor targeting and a hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME). To address these challenges, we developed a dual-gas-releasing, cancer-cell-membrane-camouflaged nanoparticle to deliver TMZ. This nanoceria, camouflaged with a cancer cell membrane (CCM-CeO"
255,brain tumour,39571121,Child Neurology: Simple Motor Tics Associated With Thalamic Ganglioglioma.,"Tic disorders (TDs) include a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental conditions linked to dysfunction of the cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) circuit. In this article, we report a case of a 9-year-old boy who presented with infrequent tics affecting the right eye and mouth. Brain imaging revealed a T2-weighted hyperintense mass in the left thalamus. His tic symptoms resolved completely after lesionectomy. Neuropathology analysis showed dysplastic neurons, reactive gliosis, microvascular hyperplasia, and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration suggestive of ganglioglioma. Review of the literature identified 6 cases linking TDs to brain tumors, all of which involved multiple components of the CSTC circuit. TDs in these cases manifested as a combination of multiple motor and vocal tics, often with comorbidities such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. By contrast, our case presented solely with simple motor tics, which resolved after lesionectomy. The exclusive thalamic involvement in this case supports the critical role of the thalamus in the etiopathogenesis of TD. This case provides valuable insights into the structural basis of the clinical manifestations in patients with TD."
256,brain tumour,39570987,Factors associated with low health-related quality of life in persons with multiple sclerosis: A quantile-based segmentation approach.,Improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important disease management goal in persons with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS). HRQoL decreases with increasing age and prolonged disease duration; other factors remain less understood.
257,brain tumour,39570822,Neuroanatomical location of lung cancer brain metastases in 234 patients with a focus on cancer subtyping and biomarkers.,"Brain metastases are frequent in neuropathology practices; however, the literature on their distribution is frequently derived from imaging studies. This work examined metastases of lung cancer to the brain through the lens of pathology specimens. All brain surgical pathology cases accessioned from 2011-2020 were retrieved from a regional laboratory. Specimens were classified by neuroanatomical location, diagnostic category, and diagnosis with a hierarchical free text string-matching algorithm. All reports classified as probable metastasis per algorithm were reviewed by a pathologist. Lung biomarkers and selected immunostains were retrieved with text parsing and reviewed. Among 4,625 cases of brain surgical resection specimens, 854 were classified as probable metastasis by the algorithm. On report review, 538/854 cases were confirmed as metastasis with a known primary site. The 538 cases were from 511 patients and 234/511 patients had lung primaries. Small cell lung cancer lesions were most frequently found in the cerebellum (17/30). Lesions from lung adenocarcinoma (59/164) and non-small cell carcinoma-not otherwise specified (NSCLC-NOS) (15/34) were most commonly found in the frontal lobe. Squamous cell carcinoma lesions were most commonly found in the frontal and occipital lobes (8/27). 72/234 cases were reported as NSCLC-NOS and could be further subclassified using immunostaining (41/72). Lung biomarker data were retrieved in ~38% of cases. PD-L1 positivity was dependent on neuroanatomical distribution (p = 0.04); other examined biomarkers were not. The distribution of lung tumours metastatic to the brain is dependent on the lung cancer subtype (p<0.001). The reporting of histologic subtype could be further optimized in the local environment."
258,brain tumour,39570554,"Immune checkpoint inhibitors for glioblastoma: emerging science, clinical advances, and future directions.","Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor in adults, continues to have a dismal prognosis. Across hundreds of clinical trials, few novel approaches have translated to clinical practice while survival has improved by only a few months over the past three decades. Randomized controlled trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which have seen impressive success for advanced or metastatic extracranial solid tumors, have so far failed to demonstrate a clinical benefit for patients with GBM. This has been secondary to GBM heterogeneity, the unique immunosuppressive CNS microenvironment, immune-evasive strategies by cancer cells, and the rapid evolution of tumor on therapy. This review aims to summarize findings from major clinical trials of ICIs for GBM, review historic failures, and describe currently promising avenues of investigation. We explore the biological mechanisms driving ICI responses, focusing on the role of the tumor microenvironment, immune evasion, and molecular biomarkers. Beyond conventional monotherapy approaches targeting PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, we describe emerging approaches for GBM, such as dual-agent ICIs, and combination of ICIs with oncolytic virotherapy, antigenic peptide vaccines, chimeric antigenic receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, along with nanoparticle-based delivery systems to enhance ICI efficacy. We highlight potential strategies for improving patient selection and treatment personalization, along with real-time, longitudinal monitoring of therapeutic responses through advanced imaging and liquid biopsy techniques. Integrated radiomics, tissue, and plasma-based analyses, may potentially uncover immunotherapeutic response signatures, enabling early, adaptive therapeutic adjustments. By specifically targeting current therapeutic challenges, outcomes for GBM patients may potentially be improved."
259,brain tumour,39570531,Selective inhibition of T-type calcium channel preserves ischemic pre-conditioning mediated neuroprotection during cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in diabetic mice.,"Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) provides ischemic tolerance and neuroprotection during cerebral ischemia reperfusion (CI/R) injury. Diabetes abolishes the beneficial effects of conditioning phenomenon during CI/R. The study investigates the role of T-type calcium ion channel in IPC mediated protection during diabetes mellitus. The study employed Swiss Albino mice. Animals were divided into 3 normoglycaemic groups (Sham, CI/R, and IPC) and 4 hyperglycaemic groups (Sham, CI/R, IPC, and ML218 + IPC). CI/R injury was induced in Swiss Albino mice by occlusion of common carotid arteries followed by reperfusion. IPC was given prior to CI/R injury and diabetes was induced using streptozotocin (STZ). Animals were assessed for learning, memory, motor coordination, neurological function, cerebral infarction, edema, and histopathological alterations. Biochemical assessments were performed for calcium binding proteins (Calmodulin (CaM), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and S100B), oxidative stress (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE)), glutathione (GSH), inflammation (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-10)), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels, and acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) in brain supernatants. NF-kB, iNOS, and S100B serum levels were also assessed. CI/R animals (normoglycemic and hyperglycaemic) showed impairment in learning, memory, motor coordination, and neurological function along with increase in cerebral infarction, edema, and histopathological alterations. Furthermore, increase in brain calcium-binding proteins, oxidative stress, inflammation, and AChE along with serum NF-kB, iNOS, and S100B levels were recorded in CI/R animals. IPC ameliorated CI/R induced behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological impairment, however no beneficial effects were observed in IPC (diabetic) mice. Administration of ML218 (10 mg/kg; i.p.), a selective T-type calcium channel re-established the IPC mediated neuroprotection in CI/R diabetic animals. In conclusion, IPC-mediated neuroprotection was abolished in diabetic mice. T-type calcium ion channel antagonism plays an important role in the IPC-mediated neuroprotection during hyperglycaemia."
260,brain tumour,39570470,Nanoparticles (NPs)-meditated si-lncRNA NONHSAT159592.1 inhibits glioblastoma progression and invasion through targeting the ITGA3/FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway.,"The study aims to investigate the regulatory role of NPs lncRNA NONHSAT159592.1 in glioblastoma cells and its molecular mechanism. We have designed a reduction-responsive nanoparticle (NP) platform for efficient delivery of si-lncRNA (si-lnc). The size of siRNA nanoparticles was observed and determined by transmission electron microscopy. The distribution size of nanoparticles was analyzed by the NanoSight nanoparticle tracking analyzer. The fluorescence spectrum and UV spectrum were determined. The level of lncRNA in glioblastoma cells was detected by RT-qPCR analysis. The localization of lncRNA NONHSAT159592.1 in glioblastoma cells was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cell proliferation activity was evaluated by clonal formation experiment and CCK-8 kit. Cell migration and invasion were detected by wound healing assay and Transwell experiment. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression level of EMT-related proteins in cells. EdU staining was used to detect cell proliferation. NPs or PBS and IR780 were injected intravenously into nude mice with tumors, and fluorescence imaging was performed in vivo to evaluate the proliferation of tumor tissue. The positive rate of Ki67 and Vimentin in tumor tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining. We found that lncRNA NONHSAT159592.1 was significantly down-regulated in glioblastoma cell lines, localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. In U87 and U251 cells, we found that NPs-si-lncRNA NONHSAT159592.1 significantly inhibited glioblastoma cell proliferation, invasion, and EMT progression. In the orthotopic xenograft model, we found that silencing lncRNA could significantly inhibit tumor proliferation and prolong the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. Further studies confirmed that overexpression of ITGA3 reversed the inhibitory effects of NPs-si-lnc on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of glioblastoma cell lines. Our study suggested that NPs (si-lnc) could inhibit the malignant development of glioma by a mechanism that may be linked to the activation of the ITGA3/FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway."
261,brain tumour,39570467,Glioblastoma invasion patterns from a clinical perspective-a systematic review.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. Despite advances in treatment, mechanisms underlying GBM invasion remain incompletely understood. This systematic review synthesizes findings from laboratory and clinical studies to elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving GBM invasion and their implications for prognosis and therapy. This review adhered to PRISMA guidelines, conducting a comprehensive search of PubMed/Medline for studies published up to October 16, 2023. Inclusion criteria focused on studies investigating molecular mechanisms of GBM invasiveness with reported clinical outcomes (overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Exclusion criteria included systematic reviews, case reports, small case series, and studies limited to preclinical data. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. From 831 records, 21 studies (2198 patients) met the criteria. Key GBM invasion mechanisms included ECM degradation, vascular invasion, EMT, apoptotic regulation, cytoskeletal organization, and RNA sequencing. Vascular mechanisms were most studied. Bevacizumab resistance linked to poorer outcomes. EMT markers like TWIST and ECM degradation via MMPs such as CD147 correlated with decreased survival. Cytoskeletal and RNA studies highlighted the prognostic significance of tumor subtypes and microenvironmental interactions. This systematic review elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying GBM invasiveness and their clinical implications. Integrating molecular profiling into routine clinical assessment may enhance prognostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy, paving the way for personalized treatment strategies."
262,brain tumour,39570454,Research progress on the association of insulin resistance with type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease.,"Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. It is also known to be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insulin plays a crucial role in regulating the body's metabolism and is responsible for activating the Phosphoinotide-3-Kinase (PI3K)/Protein Kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. This pathway is activated when insulin binds to the insulin receptor on nerve cells, and it helps regulate the metabolism of glucose and lipids. Dysfunction in the insulin signaling pathway can lead to a decrease in brain insulin levels and insulin sensitivity, thereby inducing disruptions in insulin signal transduction and leading to disorders in brain energy metabolism. Moreover, these dysfunctions also contribute to the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and the hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein, both of which are characteristic features of AD. Therefore, this article focuses on insulin resistance to reveal the complex mechanism between brain insulin resistance and AD occurrence in T2DM. On this basis, this article further summarizes the biological effects and mechanisms of antidiabetic drugs on the two diseases, aiming to provide new ideas for the discovery of drugs for the treatment of T2DM combined with AD."
263,brain tumour,39570359,Cerebral Vasospasm Following the Endoscopic Endonasal Resection of Craniopharyngioma.,"Cerebral vasospasm following an endoscopic endonasal resection of a craniopharyngioma is a rare, devastating occurrence that can lead to delayed cerebral ischemia and a poor neurological outcome if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. The etiology of this condition is not well understood. In this chapter, we present a case of cerebral vasospasm following transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) for craniopharyngioma, review the literature, and identify common presenting symptoms, probable predisposing factors, and essential management strategies to treat this condition."
264,brain tumour,39570353,"Internal Carotid Artery Injury During the Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery of Pituitary Adenoma: Case Illustration, Introspection, and Systematic Review.","Advances in endoscopic technology have made the endoscopic transsphenoidal approach the preferred approach for most surgeries of pituitary adenoma. The goal of these surgeries is to achieve cure, efficacy, and safety. Ample research has deliberated on the complications of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, meningitis, visual deterioration and nasal crusting after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. Among these, injury to the internal carotid artery (ICA) is not common in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery and has an incidence that ranges from 0.1% to 1%. Though it is rare, the effects are devastating and associated with a high risk of mortality and morbidity. As a result, iatrogenic ICA injury is every neurosurgeon's nightmare. Available literature primarily consists of case reports on these injuries. The literature is lacking on preventive and management options. We present an unusual case of a patient who had a nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma and an unexpected injury to the internal carotid artery (ICA) during endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. We share our successful experience with its management via emergency endovascular treatment with parent vessel occlusion for an iatrogenic ICA injury. We present the article to address the pragmatic questions and challenges faced by neurosurgeons experiencing this complication for the first time."
265,brain tumour,39570351,Dysgraphia Following the Resection of a Left Parietal Glioma.,"We report herein the case of a 41-year-old man operated on for a small inferior parietal lobule ganglioglioma with a sleep-awake-sleep protocol and language mapping to avoid major speech disorders. Postoperatively, however, writing disturbance was characterized by persistent graphemic errors that lasted for about 8 months. The topic is discussed in light of recent literature, exploring the possible relationship between writing difficulties and disconnections produced by a combination of resecting supramarginal gyrus components and interrupting arcuate fasciculus fibers. Awake mapping of eloquent structures is typically done using direct brain stimulation to maximize the extent of the resection while minimizing permanent neurological deficits. However, most intraoperative language tests focus on language skills such as oral and reading skills. Therefore, the detection of dysgraphia requires a high degree of attention from the surgical team and direct examination intra-and perioperatively. To this end, employing an intraoperative writing test during awake surgery may be considered. Advances in this field may aid in increasing the accuracy during parenchymal dissections, influencing the extent of the resection, improving the patient's functional prognosis and long-term quality of life."
266,brain tumour,39570348,Sudden Loss of Motor-Evoked Potentials (MEPs) During the Resection of A Nondominant Insular Glioma: Case Report and Management Review.,"A 43-year-old man was admitted into the emergency room at our hospital after presenting with a tonic-clonic seizure. MRI showed a right-side operculo-insular tumor. This was treated by performing a craniotomy under general anesthesia with intraoperative monitoring. Tumor resection was started by exploring the temporal and frontal opercula without problems. However, during the resection of the insular compartment, a sudden loss of MEPs was observed. Surgery was stopped immediately, and all the relevant anesthetic parameters, vital signs, anesthetic drugs were reviewed. No retractors had been used at that time, so vasospasm was suspected as the underlying cause of the signal change. An ICG bolus injection confirmed vasospasm in one of the M2 branches running over the insula. A direct vessel massage was performed yet resulted in no apparent improvement in the appearance of the vessel when ICG was injected. Therefore, repeated massage with nimodipine was performed, which resulted in the resolution of the vasospasm. MEPs progressively recovered to base line levels, and surgery could then be finished without further incident. During the postoperative recovery period, no focal deficit was identified, and the postoperative MRI showed a planned subtotal resection without apparent ischemia. The goal of this report is to review the potential causes of such a loss of intraoperative MEPs and its best management in order to prevent postoperative motor deficit and to manage the situation should it occur."
267,brain tumour,39570018,Decoding Glioblastoma Heterogeneity: Neuroimaging Meets Machine Learning.,"Recent advancements in neuroimaging and machine learning have significantly improved our ability to diagnose and categorize isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma, a disease characterized by notable tumoral heterogeneity, which is crucial for effective treatment. Neuroimaging techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging and magnetic resonance radiomics, provide noninvasive insights into tumor infiltration patterns and metabolic profiles, aiding in accurate diagnosis and prognostication. Machine learning algorithms further enhance glioblastoma characterization by identifying distinct imaging patterns and features, facilitating precise diagnoses and treatment planning. Integration of these technologies allows for the development of image-based biomarkers, potentially reducing the need for invasive biopsy procedures and enabling personalized therapy targeting specific pro-tumoral signaling pathways and resistance mechanisms. Although significant progress has been made, ongoing innovation is essential to address remaining challenges and further improve these methodologies. Future directions should focus on refining machine learning models, integrating emerging imaging techniques, and elucidating the complex interplay between imaging features and underlying molecular processes. This review highlights the pivotal role of neuroimaging and machine learning in glioblastoma research, offering invaluable noninvasive tools for diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and treatment planning, ultimately improving patient outcomes. These advances in the field promise to usher in a new era in the understanding and classification of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma."
268,brain tumour,39570009,G-quadruplex stabilizer CX-5461 effectively combines with radiotherapy to target ATRX-deficient malignant glioma.,"Inactivation of α-thalassaemia/mental retardation X-linked (ATRX) represents a defining molecular feature in large subsets of malignant glioma. ATRX deficiency gives rise to abnormal G-quadruplex (G4) DNA secondary structures, enhancing replication stress and genomic instability. Building on earlier work, we evaluated the extent to which pharmacological G4 stabilization selectively enhances DNA damage and cell death in ATRX-deficient preclinical glioma models."
269,brain tumour,39569910,Nonlinear parameter estimation with physics-constrained spectral-spatial priors for highly accelerated chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI.,
270,brain tumour,39569810,4T1 Cell Membrane-Coated Pdots with NIR-II Absorption and Fluorescence Properties for Targeted Phototheranostics of Breast Tumors.,"Designing highly biocompatible organic semiconducting conjugated polymer dots (Pdots) with bright fluorescence and superior absorption properties in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II: 1000-1700 nm) remains a huge challenge for tumor phototheranostics. In this study, we constructed 4T1 cell membrane-coated "
271,brain tumour,39569229,Huge Atypical Meningioma in a 21-Month-Old Girl: A Case Report.,"Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumors, but it's uncommon in the pediatric and adolescent populations. Pediatric meningiomas differ from adult meningiomas by a higher rate of malignant change, atypical location, male predominance and a higher recurrence rate. The most common presenting symptoms in supratentorial pediatric meningiomas are the signs and symptoms of high intracranial pressure (headache, vomiting, and nausea) and seizures. The most common presenting symptoms in infratentorial pediatric meningiomas are signs of cranial nerve deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain is the gold standard modality for diagnosis. The mainstay of management is surgical resection with the aim of gross total resection, as it is the strongest independent prognostic factor. In this report, we describe an extremely rare case of gradual onset, progressive motor developmental delay in a 21-month-old girl with a huge right frontotemporal meningioma that was treated with surgical resection that, to the best of our knowledge, is the youngest in the literature."
272,brain tumour,39569225,A Report of a Rare Case of a Solitary Ring-Enhancing Lesion in a Patient With Positive Toxoplasma Serology.,"Ring-enhancing lesions are typically observed in patients with immunosuppression caused by underlying conditions such as HIV/AIDS or cancer. These lesions can arise from various etiologies, including infections, neoplasms, or vascular conditions. This case involves a male in his 30s from South America who presented to the emergency department after experiencing a seizure episode. He had no significant prior medical history and reported that he had not seen a doctor since childhood. A comprehensive workup was initiated during his hospitalization, including brain imaging that revealed a solitary ring-enhancing lesion. The evaluation encompassed brain CT and MRI, along with infectious labs measuring inflammatory and serological markers for several diseases. An infectious disease consultant was engaged to assist in developing a thorough assessment and management plan. Throughout the hospitalization, the patient exhibited a benign physical exam with no neurological deficits, remained afebrile, and displayed insignificant white blood cell counts and negative blood cultures. Serological test results were all negative for HIV, rapid plasma reagin, and tuberculosis, except for a positive "
273,brain tumour,39569182,Water Extracts of ,
274,brain tumour,39568843,Research progress of drug resistance mechanism of temozolomide in the treatment of glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma, the most malignant primary brain tumor among gliomas, is characterized by a low cure rate, high recurrence rate, and invasive growth. Without chemotherapy, the median survival of patients is only 12.1 months. The standard treatment for glioblastoma primarily involves surgical resection, complemented by radiotherapy. Temozolomide (TMZ), a new oral alkylating agent, is currently used as the first-line chemotherapy drug for glioma. However, TMZ treatment only improves median survival by 2 months, largely because of the tumor's ability to develop resistance to the drug. The main mechanism underlying this resistance involves DNA repair processes, such as the action of O6⁃methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), which repairs the DNA damage caused by TMZ, and other DNA repair mechanisms including mismatch repair and base excision repair. These mechanisms can effectively repair the DNA damage caused by TMZ, thereby reducing the sensitivity of tumor cells to the drug. This study summarized the recent research progress of TMZ resistance mechanism in glioblastoma, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new therapies. The mechanisms of glioma resistance to TMZ mainly involves DNA damage repair (as mentioned above), abnormal cell signaling pathways (p53-mediated signaling, reactive oxygen species-mediated signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy-related signaling, receptor tyrosine kinase-related signaling, transforming growth factors, β-mediated signaling pathway, Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway), glioma stem cells, tumor microenvironment (hypoxic microenvironment, nano-drug delivery system), epidermal growth factor receptor, and microRNAs."
275,brain tumour,39568814,Cancers and erectile dysfunction: a Mendelian randomization study.,"Cancer often coexists with erectile dysfunction, yet the causal relationship between them remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the causal link between tumors and ED through Mendelian randomization."
276,brain tumour,39568655,Comparative Analysis of Cognitive and Psychiatric Functioning in People With Cushing's Disease in Biochemical Remission and People With Nonfunctioning Adenomas.,"People with Cushing's disease (CD) often experience both mood/anxiety disorders and cognitive impairments that persist during long-term biochemical remission. The relationship between persistent neurocognitive and psychiatric problems in patients with CD is not well understood. Also, mechanisms other than hypercortisolism are poorly understood, and studies comparing CD with nonfunctioning adenomas (NFA) patients postoperatively are scarce. We compared neuropsychological functioning in two groups: individuals with CD in remission ("
277,brain tumour,39568312,Factor Structure and Validity of Composite Scores Resulting From a Computerized Cognitive Test Battery in Healthy Adults and Patients With Primary Brain Tumors.,"Computerized neuropsychological test batteries (CNTs), such as Central Nervous System Vital Signs (CNS VS), are increasingly used for measuring cognitive functioning, but empirical evidence of how they measure cognition is scarce. We investigated the factor structure of CNS VS using exploratory factor analyses four samples: healthy adults ("
278,brain tumour,39568088,Detection of diagnostic somatic copy number alterations from cerebrospinal fluid cell-free DNA in brain tumor patients.,"The gold standard for precise diagnostic classification of brain tumors requires tissue sampling, which carries relevant procedural risks. Brain biopsies often have limited sensitivity and fail to address tumor heterogeneity, because small tissue parts are being examined. This study aims to explore the detection and quantification of diagnostically relevant somatic copy number aberrations (SCNAs) in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) extracted from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a real-world cohort of patients with defined brain tumor subtypes. A total of 33 CSF samples were collected from 30 patients for cfDNA extraction. Shallow whole-genome sequencing was conducted on CSF samples containing > 3ng of cfDNA and corresponding tissue DNA from nine patients. The sequencing cohort encompassed 26 samples of 23 patients, comprising 12 with confirmed CNS cancer as compared to 11 patients with either ambiguous CNS lesions (n = 5) or non-cancer CNS lesions (n = 6). After mapping and quality filtering SCNAs were called by depth-of-coverage analyses with a binning of 5.5 Mbp. SCNAs were exclusively identified in CSF cfDNA from brain tumor patients (10/12, 83%). In tumor patients, SCNAs were detectable in cfDNA from all patients with, but also in five of seven patients without tumor cells detected by CSF cytopathology. A substantial number of shared SCNAs were traceable between tissue and CSF in matched pair analyses. Additionally, some SCNAs unique to either CSF or tissue indicating spatial heterogeneity or tumor evolution. Also, diagnostically relevant genomic alterations as well as essential and desirable SCNAs as implemented in the current WHO classification of CNS tumors for certain primary brain tumor subtypes were traceable. In summary, this minimally invasive cfDNA-based LB approach employing shallow whole genome sequencing demonstrates potential for providing a molecularly informed diagnosis of CNS cancers, mapping tumor heterogeneity, tracking tumor evolution, and surveilling tumor patients. Further prospective trials are warranted."
279,brain tumour,39568077,High detection rate of circulating-tumor DNA from cerebrospinal fluid of children with central nervous system germ cell tumors.,"Central nervous system germ cell tumors (CNS-GCT) are malignant neoplasms that arise predominantly during adolescence and young adulthood. These tumors are typically sensitive to treatment, but resulting long-term health deficits are common. Additional clinical challenges include surgical risks associated with tumor biopsy, and need to determine treatment response for adapting radiotherapy protocols. The aim of this study was to establish the detectability of circulating-tumor DNA (ctDNA) from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with CNS-GCT as a potential biomarker. We obtained CSF from patients with CNS-GCT by lumbar puncture or intra-operatively. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was extracted and subjected to low-pass whole genome sequencing (LP-WGS). Copy-number alterations (CNAs) were inferred and served as a marker of measurable residual disease (MRD). Comparisons with imaging findings and tumor marker levels were made. A total of 29 CSF samples from 21 patients (16 with germinoma, 5 with non-germinomatous GCT) were sequenced. Twenty samples from 19 patients were collected at diagnosis, and 9 samples from 7 patients were collected during or after therapy. Among the diagnostic samples, CNAs were detected in samples from 17/19 patients (89%), which included 8 with marker-negative tumors. Specific clinical scenarios suggested that serial cfDNA analysis may carry utility in tracking treatment responses as well as clarifying indeterminate imaging findings. Our results provide evidence for the high-sensitivity in detecting ctDNA from CSF of CNS-GCT patients using LP-WGS, with potential utility for non-invasive diagnosis and disease monitoring in upcoming CNS-GCT studies."
280,brain tumour,39568072,Sonic hedgehog signalling pathway in CNS tumours: its role and therapeutic implications.,"CNS tumours encompass a diverse group of neoplasms with significant morbidity and mortality. The SHH signalling pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of several CNS tumours, including gliomas, medulloblastomas and others. By influencing cellular proliferation, differentiation and migration in CNS tumours, the SHH pathway has emerged as a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Current strategies such as vismodegib and sonidegib have shown efficacy in targeting SHH pathway activation. However, challenges such as resistance mechanisms and paradoxical effects observed in clinical settings underscore the complexity of effectively targeting this pathway. Advances in gene editing technologies, particularly CRISPR/Cas9, have provided valuable tools for studying SHH pathway biology, validating therapeutic targets and exploring novel treatment modalities. These innovations have paved the way for a better understanding of pathway dynamics and the development of more precise therapeutic interventions. In addition, the identification and validation of biomarkers of SHH pathway activation are critical to guide clinical decision making and improve patient outcomes. Molecular profiling and biomarker discovery efforts are critical steps towards personalised medicine approaches in the treatment of SHH pathway-associated CNS tumours. While significant progress has been made in understanding the role of the SHH pathway in CNS tumorigenesis, ongoing research is essential to overcome current therapeutic challenges and refine treatment strategies. The integration of molecular insights with advanced technologies and clinical expertise holds great promise for developing more effective and personalised therapies for patients with SHH pathway-driven CNS tumours."
281,brain tumour,39568000,PXD101 inhibits malignant progression and radioresistance of glioblastoma by upregulating GADD45A.,"Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have shown a significant antitumor effect in clinical studies, and PXD101 is a novel HDACi which can cross the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we showed that PXD101 could significantly inhibit the proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma (GBM) cells, while promoting their apoptosis and radiosensitivity. Furthermore, it was found that PXD101 exerted its antitumor function by upregulating the expression of the growth arrest and DNA damage inducible protein α (GADD45A). Mechanistically, PXD101 promoted the transcription of GADD45A by directly acetylating the histones H3 and H4, and GADD45A enhanced apoptosis and radiosensitivity through the activation of P38 in the GBM cells. In vivo experiments also showed that PXD101 combined with radiotherapy could significantly inhibit the growth of GBM. This study provides experimental evidence for application of the novel HDACi PXD101 in the treatment of GBM, as well as new molecular markers and potential intervention targets that may be used in preventing GBM malignant progression and radioresistance."
282,brain tumour,39567766,Machine learning-based prediction model for brain metastasis in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.,"Brain metastases (BMs) in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) are often associated with poor survival rates and quality of life, making the timely identification of high-risk patients for BMs in ES-SCLC crucial. Patients diagnosed with ES-SCLC between 2010 and 2018 were screened from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Four different machine learning (ML) algorithms were used to create prediction models for BMs in ES-SCLC patients. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, AUROC, and AUPRC were compared among these models and traditional logistic regression (LR). The random forest (RF) model demonstrated the best performance and was chosen for further analysis. The AUROC and AUPRC were calculated and compared. The findings from the RF model were utilized to identify the risk factors linked to BMs in patients diagnosed with ES-SCLC. Examining 4,716 instances of ES-SCLC, the research conducted an analysis, with brain metastases arising in 1,900 cases. Through evaluation of the ROC curve and PRC concerning the RF Model, results depicted an AUROC of 0.896 (95% CI: 0.889-0.899) and AUPRC of 0.900 (95% CI: 0.895-0.904). Test accuracy measured at 0.810 (95% CI: 0.784-0.833), sensitivity at 0.797 (95% CI: 0.756-0.841), and specificity at 0.819 (95% CI: 0.754-0.879). Based on the SHAP analysis of the RF predictive model, the top 10 most relevant features were identified and ranked in order of relative importance: bone metastasis, liver metastasis, radiation, age, tumor size, primary tumor location, N-stage, race, T-stage, and chemotherapy. The research developed and validated a predictive RF model using clinical and pathological data to predict the risk of BMs in patients with ES-SCLC. This model may assist physicians in making clinical decisions that could delay the onset of BMs and improve patient survival rates."
283,brain tumour,39567716,Spatial multiomic landscape of the human placenta at molecular resolution.,"Successful pregnancy relies directly on the placenta's complex, dynamic, gene-regulatory networks. Disruption of this vast collection of intercellular and intracellular programs leads to pregnancy complications and developmental defects. In the present study, we generated a comprehensive, spatially resolved, multimodal cell census elucidating the molecular architecture of the first trimester human placenta. We utilized paired single-nucleus (sn)ATAC (assay for transposase accessible chromatin) sequencing and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), spatial snATAC-seq and RNA-seq, and in situ sequencing and hybridization mapping of transcriptomes at molecular resolution to spatially reconstruct the joint epigenomic and transcriptomic regulatory landscape. Paired analyses unraveled intricate tumor-like gene expression and transcription factor motif programs potentially sustaining the placenta in a hostile uterine environment; further investigation of gene-linked cis-regulatory elements revealed heightened regulatory complexity that may govern trophoblast differentiation and placental disease risk. Complementary spatial mapping techniques decoded these programs within the placental villous core and extravillous trophoblast cell column architecture while simultaneously revealing niche-establishing transcriptional elements and cell-cell communication. Finally, we computationally imputed genome-wide, multiomic single-cell profiles and spatially characterized the placental chromatin accessibility landscape. This spatially resolved, single-cell multiomic framework of the first trimester human placenta serves as a blueprint for future studies on early placental development and pregnancy."
284,brain tumour,39567689,Gliocidin is a nicotinamide-mimetic prodrug that targets glioblastoma.,Glioblastoma is incurable and in urgent need of improved therapeutics
285,brain tumour,39567679,Pediatric brain tumor patients display altered immune activation and reduced lymphopoiesis at the onset of disease.,"Optimal immune function is crucial in preventing cancer development and growth and for the success of anti-cancer therapies. Here, we characterized the peripheral immunological status of 83 steroids-naïve pediatric patients with central nervous system neoplasia at the disease onset. Tumors were classified into low-grade gliomas (LGG), high-grade gliomas (HGG), medulloblastoma, and other tumors. We revealed that glioma patients showed an altered lymphocyte pool. T-cells of HGG patients shifted from naïve to effector memory phenotype. LGG patients exhibited T-cell central memory expansion and higher T-cell activation. Interestingly, HGG patients displayed reduced thymic function. Furthermore, LGG and HGG patients showed reduced activated B-cells and suboptimal B-cell formation. Our data demonstrate that glioma patients have reduced lymphopoiesis at the disease onset, which could contribute to the systemic lymphopenia characterizing these patients. This study offers novel insights into the immunological status of brain tumor patients which may help in designing more effective treatments."
286,brain tumour,39567206,JMJD4 promotes tumor progression via inhibition of the PDCD5-TP53 pathway.,"Programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) regulates cell death and suppresses tumor progression. Since the stability and nuclear translocation of PDCD5 are regulated by TP53-dependent cell death stimuli, knowledge of the regulatory mechanism of PDCD5 function is required to better understand the TP53-signaling pathway. We identified Jumonji domain-containing protein 4 (JMJD4) to be a PDCD5-interacting protein using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Interestingly, JMJD4 upregulates cell proliferation and chemo-resistance under genotoxic stress conditions by colony-formation assay and decreases TP53-related apoptotic genes (BAX, PUMA) by suppressing protein levels of PDCD5. Additionally, using the Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus database to confirm the clinical correlation between JMJD4 and cancer patients, we verified that JMJD4 is associated with a poor prognosis in colon cancer and lung cancer patients. Therefore, this study demonstrates that JMJD4 directly interacts with PDCD5, regulates cancer cell death negatively, and could be a potential therapeutic target for cancer development."
287,brain tumour,39567136,Nanocellulose-collagen composites as advanced biomaterials for 3D in-vitro neuronal model systems.,"Studying brain diseases and developing therapies requires versatile in vitro systems for long-term neuronal cultures. SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells are ideal for modeling neurodegenerative diseases. Although SH-SY5Y cells are commonly used in 2D cultures, 3D systems offer more physiologically relevant models. Studies have shown 3D culturing up to 7 days, but a simple, reproducible, and tunable system has yet to be identified. Cellulose holds potential to fulfill these needs. Cellulose and its derivatives are sustainable, cytocompatible, and ideal for synthesizing biocompatible hydrogels. Its abundance and ease of chemical modification make it a highly attractive biomaterial. This study explored nanocellulose-based hydrogels for promoting neuronal growth and morphogenesis. To enhance cell adhesion, a small amount of collagen was added to the hydrogel, and the resulting cell morphologies were analyzed and compared with those cultured in collagen and Matrigel. By chemically oxidizing cellulose and adjusting the blend, we developed composites that maintained neuronal viability for over 14 days in 3D cultures. Our findings show that nanocellulose-collagen composites offer superior cytocompatibility, promoting neuronal viability and neurite outgrowth more effectively than Matrigel and collagen. These tunable biomaterials support long-term 3D neuronal cultures, making them valuable for creating standardized models for disease research and drug development."
288,brain tumour,39567017,"Image-based Re-evaluation of the JCOG0911 Study Focusing on Tumor Volume and Survival, Disease Progression Diagnosis, and Radiomic Prognostication for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma.","To re-evaluate images recovered from JCOG0911, a randomized phase 2 trial for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (nGBM) conducted by the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) Brain Tumor Study Group."
289,brain tumour,39567010,"The Potential Effects of 2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzophenone on the Transient Cerebral Ischemic Stroke in Male Mice.","Acute ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease associated with high mortality and severe aftereffects which is caused by the blockage of cerebral blood vessels by a thrombus or embolus. Treatments for this condition are extremely limited. Herein, we aimed to explore the potential of 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone (THB), a drug that suppresses oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, to promote functional recovery through neurite outgrowth, and to identify its protective effects in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. To determine the effects of THB on neurite outgrowth, neurite-bearing cells and neurite lengths were measured in Neuro2a cells. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging assays were further performed to determine the antioxidant activity of THB, while lipopolysaccharide-activated BV2 cells were used to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of THB. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was further performed in a mouse model to determine the effects of THB on ischemic stroke. THB increased neurite outgrowth in mouse neuroblastoma cell lines and exhibits antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory properties. In addition, THB reduced infarct volume in a concentration-dependent manner in the tMCAO model, leading to an increase in survival rate. Moreover, THB significantly suppressed microglial activation in the cortex and striatum. These results suggest that THB has potential for treating transient cerebral ischemic stroke."
290,brain tumour,39565891,The tumor-neutrophil interactions in the microenvironment of brain metastases with different primary sites.,"Brain metastases (BrM) originating from lung and breast cancer can recruit and activate neutrophils to acquire a tumor-promoting phenotype. It is currently unclear if this phenomenon also occurs in BrM arising from other primary sites. Here, we investigated the effect of tumor cells isolated from melanoma, lung and gastrointestinal (GI) cancer BrM on neutrophil biology and functions. We found that lung and GI, but not melanoma BrM cells produced CXCL8/IL-8, and promoted neutrophil recruitment. Similarly, lung and GI, but not melanoma BrM cells, prolonged the survival of neutrophils, and stimulated them to release MMP9 and CCL4/MIP1β. In situ, lung and GI BrM tissues contained significantly higher numbers of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils compared to melanoma BrM. The levels of neutrophil infiltration significantly correlated with the proliferation index of these tumors. Our findings identify variabilities in the immune microenvironment of BrM with different primary sites, which may ultimately affect their pathophysiology and progression."
291,brain tumour,39565484,Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for symptomatic eloquently deep-seated cystic pilocytic astrocytoma mural nodules: Retrospective case series of effective outcomes.,"Although most pilocytic astrocytomas grow slowly, their progression in critical sites such as the brainstem or hypothalamus may prove fatal much more rapidly. Cystic progression may be more problematic than solid tumor. Patients with progressive cystic PAs located in eloquent deep areas of the brain are the best candidates for stereotactic radiosurgery."
292,brain tumour,39565424,Understanding Aβ,"The central nervous system (CNS) involves a complex interplay of communications between the neurons and various glial cells, which is crucial for brain functions. The major interactomes are exosomes that transmit sundry molecules (DNA, miRNAs, and proteins) between the cells and thus alter cell physiology. Exosomes can act as neuroprotective or neurodegenerative agents depending on the microenvironment of cells secreting them. Therefore, revealing exosome proteome becomes important to understand donor cells' physiology and its effect on the recipient cell. In this study, oxidative stress was induced by Aβ"
293,brain tumour,39565417,Dopamine agonist Rotigotine mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and memory impairment in mice.,"Dopaminergic signaling in the Central Nervous System (CNS) has been observed in the pathophysiology of memory deficits. Rotigotine belongs to a non-ergot-based dopamine receptor agonist possessing anti-inflammatory properties. However, it is uncertain if it has a role in ameliorating cognitive decline. Here, we evaluated the actions of rotigotine on neuroinflammation and memory impairment."
294,brain tumour,39565278,Brain multi-omic Mendelian randomisation to identify novel drug targets for gliomagenesis.,Genetic variants associated with molecular traits that are also associated with liability to glioma can provide causal evidence for the identification and prioritisation of drug targets.
295,brain tumour,39565061,Thyroid cancer metastasis to the pituitary fossa: A clinical analysis and literature review.,"A 71-year-old man presented with a history of headaches, blurred vision, diplopia, and right-sided ptosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head revealed a 2.5 cm pituitary fossa lesion distorting the optic chiasm, with cavernous sinus invasion and frontal, temporal, and parieto-occipital lesions. Computed tomography (CT) found a retrosternal thyroid goiter. Biopsy of the occipital lobe lesion revealed metastatic papillary adenocarcinoma. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of the goiter and abnormal lymph nodes revealed Thy5. The patient underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of the pituitary tumor, confirming papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. We sought to understand the clinico-radiological and histopathological features, treatment strategies, and outcomes of patients with thyroid cancer metastasis to the pituitary fossa."
296,brain tumour,39565041,"Severe toxicity, but long-term persistence of CAR T cells after immune checkpoint inhibitors in large B-cell lymphoma.",No abstract found
297,brain tumour,39564948,Multivariate Brain Tumor Detection in 3D-MRI Images Using Optimised Segmentation and Unified Classification Model.,"3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging (3D-MRI) analysis of brain tumours is an important tool for gathering information needed for diagnosis and disease therapy planning. However, during the brain tumor segmentation process existing techniques have segmentation error while identifying tumor location and extended tumor regions due to improper extraction of initial contour points and overlapping tissue intensity distributions."
298,brain tumour,39564781,Overcoming challenges in the design of drug delivery systems targeting the central nervous system.,No abstract found
299,brain tumour,39564727,Tractography-Based Automated Identification of Retinogeniculate Visual Pathway With Novel Microstructure-Informed Supervised Contrastive Learning.,"The retinogeniculate visual pathway (RGVP) is responsible for carrying visual information from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus. Identification and visualization of the RGVP are important in studying the anatomy of the visual system and can inform the treatment of related brain diseases. Diffusion MRI (dMRI) tractography is an advanced imaging method that uniquely enables in vivo mapping of the 3D trajectory of the RGVP. Currently, identification of the RGVP from tractography data relies on expert (manual) selection of tractography streamlines, which is time-consuming, has high clinical and expert labor costs, and is affected by inter-observer variability. In this paper, we present a novel deep learning framework, DeepRGVP, to enable fast and accurate identification of the RGVP from dMRI tractography data. We design a novel microstructure-informed supervised contrastive learning method that leverages both streamline label and tissue microstructure information to determine positive and negative pairs. We propose a new streamline-level data augmentation method to address highly imbalanced training data, where the number of RGVP streamlines is much lower than that of non-RGVP streamlines. In the experiments, we perform comparisons with several state-of-the-art deep learning methods that were designed for tractography parcellation. Furthermore, to assess the generalizability of the proposed RGVP method, we apply our method to dMRI tractography data from neurosurgical patients with pituitary tumors. In comparison with the state-of-the-art methods, we show superior RGVP identification results using DeepRGVP with significantly higher accuracy and F1 scores. In the patient data experiment, we show DeepRGVP can successfully identify RGVPs despite the effect of lesions affecting the RGVPs. Overall, our study shows the high potential of using deep learning to automatically identify the RGVP."
300,brain tumour,39564472,Curcumin alleviates inflammatory effects of ketamine anesthesia in postnatal rats.,"Curcumin has been employed in traditional medicine for over a millennium to treat various ailments, and its global use is now widespread. Chinese medicine relies heavily on curcumin as a primary element and uses it to cure infectious diseases, skin disorders, depression, and stress. It has cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-diabetic properties, as well as pharmacological effects on disorders like type II diabetes, atherosclerosis, and human immunodeficiency virus replication. The anti-cancer activity of curcumin has been studied extensively with notable improvements in gastrointestinal, melanoma, urogenital, breast, and lung malignancies. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin on expression of "
301,brain tumour,39564057,Intraoperative Diagnosis of Sodium-Glucose Transporter-2 Inhibitor-Associated Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis.,"Sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are increasingly used in diabetic patients having cardiovascular and renal comorbidities. Despite their benefits for glucose control and reducing cardiovascular complications, they are not without risks. We present a case of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in a 60-year-old male with metastatic melanoma and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) on empagliflozin, undergoing craniotomy for brain tumor resection. Intraoperatively, high anion gap metabolic acidosis with normal blood sugar levels was observed, leading to the diagnosis of euglycemic DKA. Management included immediate initiation of intravenous insulin with dextrose, which was continued in the neuro-intensive care unit (NICU) postoperatively for three days. Euglycemic DKA is sometimes tricky to diagnose due to the absence of significant hyperglycemia as the name suggests, potentially delaying recognition by clinicians. Early detection, intravenous insulin with dextrose, correction of metabolic derangements, and discontinuation of SGLT2i are essential components of management. This case underscores the necessity of considering euglycemic DKA in SGLT2i-treated patients undergoing surgery, particularly when metabolic acidosis with a high anion gap is present despite normal blood glucose levels."
302,brain tumour,39563658,"Fumaric acid protects rats from ciprofloxacin-provoked depression through modulating TLR4, Nrf-2, and p190-rho GTP.","Depression is a persistent illness affecting health, behavior, and performance in life. Worldwide morbidity and mortality are caused by depression. The current study intended to explore fumaric acid's potential protective effect against ciprofloxacin-provoked depression in rats and to determine its mechanism of action by studying its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Five groups of male Wistar albino rats (120 g ± 20) were employed; the first group received physiological saline, the second group received fumaric acid (80 mg/kg/day; orally) for 3 weeks, the third group was administered ciprofloxacin (50 mg/kg/day; orally) for 3 weeks to induce depression, the fourth group received a daily low dose of fumaric acid (40 mg/kg; orally) concurrent with ciprofloxacin and the fifth group received a daily high dose of fumaric acid (80 mg/kg; orally) concurrent with ciprofloxacin for 21 days. Then, behavior tests, oxidative stress indicators, inflammatory biomarkers, neurotransmitters, p190 Rho GTP, and histopathological examination were evaluated. Ciprofloxacin significantly increased oxidative stress biomarkers [malondialdehyde (MDA) as a lipid peroxidation marker and nitric oxide (NO)] and biomarkers of inflammation "
303,brain tumour,39563602,Facile Alkyne Assembly-Enabled Functional Au Nanosheets for Photoacoustic Imaging-Guided Photothermal/Gene Therapy of Orthotopic Glioblastoma.,"Treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) remains challenging due to the presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and tumor heterogeneity. Herein, Au nanosheets (AuNSs) functionalized with RGD peptides and small interfering RNA (siRNA), referred to as AuNSs-RGD-C≡C-siRNA (ARCR), are prepared to achieve multimodal therapy for GBM. The AuNSs with a large modifiable surface area, intriguing photothermal conversion efficiency (50.26%), and remarkable photothermal stability (44 cycles over 7 h) are created using a well-designed amphiphilic surfactant. Furthermore, alkynyl groups are assembled onto the Au surface within 1 min, enabling strong covalent binding of siRNA to AuNSs and thereby avoiding the interference from biological thiols. Owing to the lipophilicity of the surfactant and the targeting property of RGD, ARCR effectively passes through the BBB and accumulates in GBM tumor regions, allowing near-infrared photoacoustic imaging-guided photothermal/gene therapy. This work proposes a facile strategy to construct theranostic Au-based materials, highlighting the potential of multifunctional nanoagents for GBM therapy."
304,brain tumour,39563569,[The case of neuroectodermal pelvic tumor with bladder invasion].,"Ewing's extraosseous sarcoma of the genitourinary system is an extremely rare disease. There are sporadic publications about the genitourinary sarcomas. We present a case of a primitive neuroectodermal pelvic tumor with bladder invasion in a 58-year-old man. Initially, he was admitted with complaints of intense lower abdominal and right lumbar pain, severe dysuria, macrohematuria, weight loss (by 15 kg in 6 months) and general weakness. Previously, a nephrostomy tube was put due the right hydronephrosis. Nephrostomy output was up to 100-150 ml per day, and glomerular filtration rate was estimated within 5 ml/min. According to MRI data, the extra-organ pelvis tumor with bladder invasion along the right posterolateral wall was diagnosed. Cystoprostatectomy, right nephroureterectomy and left ureterocutaneostomy were performed. In the postoperative period, the patient firstly manifested neurological symptoms (paresis). According to the brain CT, two lesions of the right frontal and left parietal regions were found (most likely metastases of the primary tumor). Late admission and disseminated tumor with local invasion and brain metastases, right terminal hydronephrosis, anemia due to pronounced macrohematuria and decrease of the body weight determined an unfavorable outcome."
305,brain tumour,39563481,Presentation of lumbar intramedullary cavernous hemangioma by spindle-shaped hematoma sign on the spinal MRI: a case report.,"Cavernous hemangioma is a congenital insidious disease that can occur in any part of the central nervous system. In clinical practice, cavernous hemangioma is mostly found in the brain and rarely in the spinal cord. This study describes a case of a 34-year-old Chinese man of Han ethnicity with lumbar intramedullary cavernous hemangioma. On admission, lumbar intramedullary hemorrhage was observed in the patient, as well as a spindle-shaped hematoma sign was detected on the spinal magnetic resonance imaging. We suspected that the spinal hemorrhage could be associated with spinal cord cavernous hemangioma. The patient was started on dehydration and glucocorticoid therapy of mannitol on the day of admission and was diagnosed with cavernous hemangioma on the basis of his magnetic resonance imaging presentation and spinal cord histopathology results. However, there was no significant improvement in clinical manifestations following conservative treatment. It was exciting that the patient's condition improved after the surgical removal of hematomas."
306,brain tumour,39563475,Epigenetic modifications involving ncRNAs in digestive system cancers: focus on histone modification.,"In recent years, epigenetic modifications have been strongly linked to tumor development, with histone modifications representing a key epigenetic mechanism. In addition, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a critical role in regulating cancer-related pathways. The abnormal interaction between histone modifications and ncRNAs, both pivotal epigenetic regulators, has been widely observed across various cancer types. Here, we systematically explore the molecular mechanisms through which histone modifications and ncRNAs contribute in the pathogenesis of digestive system cancers, and aberrant ncRNA-mediated histone modifications manipulate various biological behaviors of tumor cells including proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, etc. In addition, we provide new insights into diagnostic, prognostic markers, therapeutic targets and chemoradiation resistance for digestive system cancers from the epigenetic perspective."
307,brain tumour,39563470,Glutaminolysis is associated with mitochondrial pathway activation and can be therapeutically targeted in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma is an aggressive cancer that originates from abnormal cell growth in the brain and requires metabolic reprogramming to support tumor growth. Metabolic reprogramming involves the upregulation of various metabolic pathways. Although the activation of specific metabolic pathways in glioblastoma cell lines has been documented, the comprehensive profile of metabolic reprogramming and the role of each pathway in glioblastoma tissues in patients remain elusive."
308,brain tumour,39563271,Efficacy and safety of RET-TKI in advanced RET-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer in China: a real-world retrospective chart review.,Selective RET inhibitors have been approved by the Chinese government for the treatment of RET-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer. This study aimed to illustrate the efficacy and safety of selective RET inhibitors in a real-world clinical context in China.
309,brain tumour,39563208,Brain tissue classification in hyperspectral images using multistage diffusion features and transformer.,"Brain surgery is a widely practised and effective treatment for brain tumours, but accurately identifying and classifying tumour boundaries is crucial to maximise resection and avoid neurological complications. This precision in classification is essential for guiding surgical decisions and subsequent treatment planning. Hyperspectral (HS) imaging (HSI) is an emerging multidimensional optical imaging method that captures detailed spectral information across multiple wavelengths, allowing for the identification of nuanced differences in tissue composition, with the potential to enhance intraoperative tissue classification. However, current frameworks often require retraining models for each HSI to extract meaningful features, resulting in long processing times and high computational costs. Additionally, most methods utilise the deep semantic features at the end of the network for classification, ignoring the spatial details contained in the shallow features. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel approach called MedDiffHSI, which combines diffusion and transformer techniques. Our method involves training an unsupervised learning framework based on the diffusion model to extract high-level and low-level spectral-spatial features from HSI. This approach eliminates the need for retraining of spectral-spatial feature learning model, thereby reducing time complexity. We then extract intermediate multistage features from different timestamps for classification using a pretrained denoising U-Net. To fully explore and exploit the rich contextual semantics and textual information hidden in the extracted diffusion feature, we utilise a spectral-spatial attention module. This module not only learns multistage information about features at different depths, but also extracts and enhances effective information from them. Finally, we employ a supervised transformer-based classifier with weighted majority voting (WMV) to perform the HSI classification. To validate our approach, we conduct comprehensive experiments on in vivo brain database data sets and also extend the analysis to include additional HSI data sets for breast cancer to evaluate the framework performance across different types of tissue. The results demonstrate that our framework outperforms existing approaches by using minimal training samples (5%) while achieving state-of-the-art performance."
310,brain tumour,39563028,CRISPR targeting of mmu-miR-21a through a single adeno-associated virus vector prolongs survival of glioblastoma-bearing mice.,"Glioblastoma (GB), the most aggressive tumor of the central nervous system (CNS), has poor patient outcomes with limited effective treatments available. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21(a)) is a known oncogene, abundantly expressed in many cancer types. MiR-21(a) promotes GB progression, and lack of miR-21(a) reduces the tumorigenic potential. Here, we propose a single adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector strategy targeting mmu-miR-21a using the Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 ortholog (SaCas9) guided by a single-guide RNA (sgRNA). Our results demonstrate that AAV8 is a well-suited AAV serotype to express SaCas9-KKH/sgRNA at the tumor site in an orthotopic GB model. The SaCas9-KKH induced a genomic deletion, resulting in lowered mmu-miR-21a levels in the brain, leading to reduced tumor growth and improved overall survival. In this study, we demonstrated that disruption of genomic mmu-miR-21a with a single AAV vector influenced glioma development resulting in beneficial anti-tumor outcomes in GB-bearing mice."
311,brain tumour,39563017,The Abnormal Proliferation of Midbrain Dopamine Cells From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Is Induced by Exposure to the Tumor Microenvironment.,"Tumorigenicity is a significant concern in stem cell-based therapies. However, traditional tumorigenicity tests using animal models often produce inaccurate results. Consequently, a more sensitive method for assessing tumorigenicity is required. This study aimed to enhance sensitivity by exposing functional progenitors derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to the tumor microenvironment (TME) in vitro before transplantation, potentially making them more prone to abnormal proliferation or tumorigenicity."
312,brain tumour,39562821,Proteomic profiling of gliomas unveils immune and metabolism-driven subtypes with implications for anti-nucleotide metabolism therapy.,"Gliomas exhibit high heterogeneity and poor prognosis. Despite substantial progress has been made at the genomic and transcriptomic levels, comprehensive proteomic characterization and its implications remain largely unexplored. In this study, we perform proteomic profiling of gliomas using 343 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor samples and 53 normal-appearing brain samples from 188 patients, integrating these data with genomic panel information and clinical outcomes. The proteomic analysis uncovers two distinct subgroups: Subgroup 1, the metabolic neural subgroup, enriched in metabolic enzymes and neurotransmitter receptor proteins, and Subgroup 2, the immune subgroup, marked by upregulation of immune and inflammatory proteins. These proteomic subgroups show significant differences in prognosis, tumorigenesis, microenvironment dysregulation, and potential therapeutics, highlighting the critical roles of metabolic and immune processes in glioma biology and patient outcomes. Through a detailed investigation of metabolic pathways guided by our proteomic findings, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP) emerge as potential prognostic biomarkers linked to the reprogramming of nucleotide metabolism. Functional validation in patient-derived glioma stem cells and animal models highlights nucleotide metabolism as a promising therapy target for gliomas. This integrated multi-omics analysis introduces a proteomic classification for gliomas and identifies DPYD and TYMP as key metabolic biomarkers, offering insights into glioma pathogenesis and potential treatment strategies."
313,brain tumour,39562670,Using machine learning to develop a stacking ensemble learning model for the CT radiomics classification of brain metastases.,"The objective of this study was to explore the potential of machine-learning techniques in the automatic identification and classification of brain metastases from a radiomic perspective, aiming to improve the accuracy of tumor volume assessment for radiotherapy. By using various machine-learning algorithms, including random forest, support vector machine, gradient boosting machine, XGBoost, decision tree, artificial neural network, k-nearest neighbors, LightGBM, and CatBoost algorithms, a stacking ensemble model was developed to classify gross tumor volume (GTV), brainstem, and normal brain tissue based on radiomic features. Multiple evaluation metrics, including the specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, accuracy, Matthews correlation coefficient, and the Youden index, were used to assess the model's performance. The stacked ensemble model integrated the strengths of the nine base models and consistently outperformed individual base models in classifying GTV (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.928), brainstem (AUC = 0.932), and normal brain tissue (AUC = 0.942). Among the base models, the support vector machine model demonstrated the best performance in the three classifications (AUC = 0.922, 0.909, and 0.928). The higher performance of the stacked ensemble model highlighted the low performance of other models, including the decision tree (AUC = 0.709, 0.706, 0.804) and k-nearest neighbors (AUC = 0.721, 0.663, 0.729) models in certain contexts, such as when faced with high-dimensional feature spaces. While machine learning shows significant promise in medical image analysis, relying solely on a single model may lead to suboptimal results. By combining the strengths of various algorithms, the stacking ensemble model offers a better solution for the classification of brain metastases based on radiomic features."
314,brain tumour,39562655,EZH2 inhibition sensitizes MYC-high medulloblastoma cancers to PARP inhibition by regulating NUPR1-mediated DNA repair.,"MYC-driven medulloblastomas (MB) are highly aggressive pediatric brain tumors with poor outcomes, and effective therapies remain limited despite intensive multimodal treatments. Targeting MYC directly is challenging, but exploiting MYC-mediated synthetic lethality holds promise. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of EZH2 and PARP inhibitors in MYC-high medulloblastoma and demonstrated that EZH2 inhibition significantly increased the sensitivity of MYC-high MB tumor cells to PARP inhibitors. This effect occurs through the upregulation of NUPR1, which promotes error-prone non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair by facilitating the recruitment of the XRCC4-LIG4 complex to DNA damage sites. This amplification of error-prone NHEJ DNA repair leads to genetic instability and eventual cell death in cells treated with the PARP inhibitor. The synergistic effect of EZH2 and PARP inhibitors was further validated in both in vitro and in vivo MB models without observed toxicity. These findings reveal a novel therapeutic strategy for MYC-high MB by co-targeting EZH2 and PARP, suggesting that this combination could potentially overcome the clinical challenges associated with this aggressive tumor subtype and warrants further investigation in clinical trials."
315,brain tumour,39562620,"A new cancer/testis long noncoding RNA, the OTP-AS1 RNA.","The orthopedia homeobox (OTP) gene encodes a homeodomain-containing transcription factor involved in brain development. OTP is mapped to human chromosome 5q14.1. Earlier we described transcription in the second intron of this gene in wide variety of tumors, but among normal tissues only in testis. In GeneBank these transcripts are represented by several 300-400 nucleotide long AI267901-like ESTs. We assumed that the AI267901-like ESTs belonged to the longer transcript(s). We used the Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) approach and other methods to find the full-length transcript. The transcript we found was a 2436 nucleotide polyadenylated sequence in antisense to OTP gene. The corresponding gene consisted of two exons separated by an intron of 2961 bp. The first exon was found to be 91 bp long and located in the third exon of OTP. The second exon was 2345 bp long and located in the second intron of OTP. We have shown the expression of this gene in many human tumors but as few as a single sample of normal testis. The transcript lacked significant ORFs suggesting that we discovered a new antisense cancer/testis (CT) sequence OTP-AS1 (OTP-antisense RNA 1), which belongs to the class of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). According to our findings we assume that OTP-AS1 and OTP genes may be a CT-coding gene/CT-ncRNA pair, or sense-antisense gene pair involved in regulatory interactions."
316,brain tumour,39562395,"Prevalence, prognostic and clinicopathological value of HIF-1α in glioblastoma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","Several studies have investigated the role of HIF-1α in predicting the prognosis of patients with glioblastoma, yielding contradictory results. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to document the correlation between HIF-1α and glioblastoma in individuals diagnosed with glioblastoma. We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science by January 25, 2024. Hazard Ratio (HR) was used to evaluate the relationship between HIF-1α and survival outcome, and Odds Ratio (OR) was adopted for tumor features.There was incorporation of nine observational studies with 607 individuals. The total prevalence of HIF-1α (higher than cut-off values) among individuals with glioblastoma was 0.72 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.68-0.75, I"
317,brain tumour,39562005,"Preclinical evaluation of antigen-sensitive B7-H3-targeting nanobody-based CAR-T cells in glioblastoma cautions for on-target, off-tumor toxicity.","Glioblastoma is the most common lethal primary brain tumor, urging evaluation of new treatment options. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells targeting B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3) are promising because of the overexpression of B7-H3 on glioblastoma cells but not on healthy brain tissue. Nanobody-based (nano)CARs are gaining increasing attention as promising alternatives to classical single-chain variable fragment-based (scFv)CARs, because of their single-domain nature and low immunogenicity. Still, B7-H3 nanoCAR-T cells have not been extensively studied in glioblastoma."
318,brain tumour,39561764,ACSS2 acts as a lactyl-CoA synthetase and couples KAT2A to function as a lactyltransferase for histone lactylation and tumor immune evasion.,"Lactyl-coenzyme A (CoA)-dependent histone lysine lactylation impacts gene expression and plays fundamental roles in biological processes. However, mammalian lactyl-CoA synthetases and their regulation of histone lactylation have not yet been identified. Here, we demonstrate that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation induces extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated S267 phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) and its subsequent nuclear translocation and complex formation with lysine acetyltransferase 2A (KAT2A). Importantly, ACSS2 functions as a bona fide lactyl-CoA synthetase and converts lactate to lactyl-CoA, which binds to KAT2A as demonstrated by a co-crystal structure analysis. Consequently, KAT2A acts as a lactyltransferase to lactylate histone H3, leading to the expression of Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, and PD-L1 and brain tumor growth and immune evasion. A combination treatment with an ACSS2-KAT2A interaction-blocking peptide and an anti-PD-1 antibody induces an additive tumor-inhibitory effect. These findings uncover ACSS2 and KAT2A as hitherto unidentified lactyl-CoA synthetase and lactyltransferase, respectively, and the significance of the ACSS2-KAT2A coupling in gene expression and tumor development."
319,brain tumour,39561580,Intraoperative label-free tissue diagnostics using a stimulated Raman histology imaging system with artificial intelligence: An initial experience.,"Accurate intraoperative tissue diagnostics could impact on decision making regarding the extent of resection (EOR) during brain tumor surgery. Stimulated Raman histology (SRH) is a label-free optical imaging method that uses different biochemical properties of tissue to generate a hematoxylin-eosin-like image and, in combination with an artificial intelligence-based image classifier, offers the opportunity to obtain rapid intraoperative tissue diagnoses."
320,brain tumour,39561536,The role of PDCD6 in stemness maintenance of Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) poses formidable challenges due to its high malignancy and therapeutic resistance and still exhibits dismal 5-year survival rates, high recurrence propensity, and limited treatment modalities. There is an acute need for innovative treatments for recurrent glioblastoma due to the lack of established protocols. This necessity is driving research into the cellular underpinnings that initiate and drive the disease forward, aiming to discover groundbreaking targets for therapy that could enhance the efficacy of medical interventions."
321,brain tumour,39561285,Bivalent CD47 Immunotoxin for Targeted Therapy of T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.,"CD47 is overexpressed on the surface of many types of cancer cells, including T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells. In this study, we have developed a diphtheria toxin-based bivalent anti-human CD47 immunotoxin (bi-CD47-IT) for the targeted therapy of CD47+ cancers using a unique diphtheria toxin-resistant yeast Pichia pastoris expression system. Bi-CD47-IT demonstrated compelling in vivo efficacy in multiple T-ALL cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. Bi-CD47-IT significantly prolonged the median survival of the tumor-bearing mice and highly effectively depleted the T-ALL blast cells in the peripheral blood, spleen, liver, bone marrow, brain, and spinal cord in the T-ALL CDX and PDX mouse models. Bi-CD47-IT cured 60% of tumor-bearing mice in a T-ALL Molt-4 CDX mouse model. Because CD47 is also expressed on normal tissues, including red blood cells and lymphocytes, specificity is a concern. We thus analyzed the in vitro binding avidity and hemagglutination of bi-CD47-IT in human red blood cells, finding no binding or hemagglutination. We further performed a toxicity study of bi-CD47-IT in humanized mice, which showed that bi-CD47-IT transiently depleted the human lymphocytes for ~4 weeks after the 10-day treatment. No clinical adverse events were observed. As a result, bi-CD47-IT appears to possess the ""optimal"" binding avidity, with effective binding to human CD47+ T-ALL tumor cells, no binding to human red blood cells and weak binding to human lymphocytes. We believe that bi-CD47-IT is a promising and safe therapeutic drug candidate for the targeted therapy of CD47+ cancers."
322,brain tumour,39561243,Treatment of glioblastoma patients with personalized vaccines outside clinical trials: Lessons ignored?,No abstract found
323,brain tumour,39561098,Neuroimmune-competent human brain organoid model of Diffuse Midline Glioma.,"Pediatric high-grade gliomas, such as diffuse midline glioma (DMG), have a poor prognosis and lack curative treatments. Current research models of DMG primarily rely on human DMG cell lines cultured in vitro or xenografted into the brains of immunodeficient mice. However, these models are insufficient to recapitulate the complex cell-cell interactions between DMG and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), therefore fall short of accurately reflecting how efficacious therapeutic agents or combinations will be in the clinical setting."
324,brain tumour,39561012,Tumor cell-derived spermidine promotes a pro-tumorigenic immune microenvironment in glioblastoma via CD8+ T cell inhibition.,"The glioblastoma (GBM) microenvironment is enriched in immunosuppressive factors that potently interfere with the function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Cancer cells can directly impact the immune system, but the mechanisms driving these interactions are not completely clear. Here we demonstrate that the polyamine metabolite spermidine (SPD) is elevated in the GBM tumor microenvironment. Exogenous administration of SPD drives tumor aggressiveness in an immune-dependent manner in pre-clinical mouse models via reduction of CD8+ T cell frequency and reduced cytotoxic function. Knockdown of ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in spermidine synthesis, did not impact cancer cell growth in vitro but did result in extended survival. Furthermore, glioblastoma patients with a more favorable outcome had a significant reduction in spermidine compared to patients with a poor prognosis. Our results demonstrate that spermidine functions as a cancer cell-derived metabolite that drives tumor progression by reducing CD8+ T cell number and function."
325,brain tumour,39560995,An inducible RIPK3-driven necroptotic system enhances cancer cell-based immunotherapy and ensures safety.,"Recent progress in cancer cell-based therapies has led to effective targeting and robust immune responses against cancer. However, the inherent safety risks of using live cancer cells necessitate the creation of an optimized safety switch without hindering the efficacy of immunotherapy. The existing safety switches typically induce tolerogenic cell death, potentially leading to an immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), which is counterproductive to the goals of immunotherapy. Here, we developed and characterized an inducible RIPK3-driven necroptotic system that serves as a dual function of safety switch as well as inducing immunogenic cell death which in turn stimulates antitumor immune responses. We showed that activating RIPK3 safety switch triggered immunogenic responses marked by an increased release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Compared to other existing safety switches, incorporating RIPK3 system inhibited tumor growth, improved survival outcomes in tumor-bearing mice, and fostered long-term antitumor immunity. Moreover, RIPK3 system reinvigorated the TIME by promoting dendritic cell (DC) maturation, polarizing the macrophages towards the M1 phenotype, and reducing the exhaustion of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Our study highlights the dual role of RIPK3-driven necroptotic system in improving the safety and efficacy of cancer cell-based therapy, with broader implications for cellular therapies."
326,brain tumour,39560853,Molecular interplay between the upregulated levels of Sad1 and UNC84 Domain Containing 2 (SUN2) and gene expression in medulloblastoma cells.,"SUN2 is a nuclear envelope protein associated with the nuclear lamina and with proteins linked to nuclear export, splicing, and nucleo-cytoskeleton communication. Studies of SUN2 in cancer have been limited but have suggested that it has tumor-suppressive activity in some carcinomas. Medulloblastoma is a pediatric tumor that develops in the cerebellum and is currently classified into four molecular groups: WNT (Wingless), SHH (Sonic Hedgehog), 3, and 4. SUN2 expression profiles appear to be altered in brain cancer but have not been previously evaluated in medulloblastoma."
327,brain tumour,39560818,The P38MAPK Pathway Mediates the Destruction of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis Mice.,"The clinical manifestations of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis may be closely related to the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38MAPK) pathway plays a protective role in neurodegenerative diseases. However, whether the P38MAPK pathway is involved in the underlying mechanism of tight junction (TJ) protein disruption and neuronal damage has not been elucidated. Therefore, in this study, a mouse model of anti-NMDAR encephalitis was established by active immunization with NMDAR NR1"
328,brain tumour,39560794,Comparative efficacy of awake and asleep motor mapping in glioma surgery: A meta-analysis of 3011 patients.,"Standard of care in glioma surgery involves maximal-safe resection. Intraoperative stimulation mapping can improve the extent of resection in eloquent area tumors. Resection is performed during awake craniotomy (AC) or under general anesthesia (GA). Considering the advances in glioma management, an updated meta-analysis is needed. We identified studies evaluating surgical outcomes in adult patients undergoing glioma resection in motor areas, comparing AC and GA mapping until November 2023. Twenty-four observational studies and one randomized controlled trial met our inclusion criteria, adding 3011 patients. The mean extent of resection was 92.2% (95%CI = 89.9%-94.5%) for AC and 92.5% (95%CI = 89.6%-95.3%) for GA. Immediate deficit revealed a nonsignificant risk ratio (RR) of 0.96 favoring AC (95%CI = 0.66-1.41, p = 0.84). Similarly, long-term deficits showed a nonsignificant RR of 1.33 favoring GA (95%CI = 0.91-1.95, p = 0.14). Karnofsky performance score (KPS) analysis revealed a nonsignificant mean difference of 2.32 favoring GA (95%CI = -6.10-10.73, p = 0.59). Intraoperative stimulation-induced seizures analysis yielded a nonsignificant RR of 0.73 (95% CI = 0.27-1.97, p = 0.53) favoring AC. Postoperative seizure analysis showed a significant RR of 0.64 (95% CI = 0.44-0.94, p = 0.02) favoring AC. This meta-analysis suggests that AC and GA are comparable approaches to maximize extent of resection and achieve safe resection in eloquent glioma surgery. These findings can offer guidance to neurosurgeons in the decision-making process."
329,brain tumour,39560696,Predicting intraoperative 5-ALA-induced tumor fluorescence via MRI and deep learning in gliomas with radiographic lower-grade characteristics.,"Lower-grade gliomas typically exhibit 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-induced fluorescence in only 20-30% of cases, a rate that can be increased by doubling the administered dose of 5-ALA. Fluorescence can depict anaplastic foci, which can be precisely sampled to avoid undergrading. We aimed to analyze whether a deep learning model could predict intraoperative fluorescence based on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)."
330,brain tumour,39560579,Diagnostic utility of Cyttel-Tech in identifying meningeal metastases from malignant solid tumors: An observational study.,"To investigate the value of circulating tumor cell (CTC) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by Cyttel-Tech detection in patients with suspected leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) from malignant solid tumors. We collected CSF from 12 patients with suspected LM from malignant solid tumors at our hospital. Twelve milliliters (mL) of CSF were collected from each patient through the first lumbar puncture: 5 mL was for CTC detection by Cyttel-Tech method, 5 mL for CSF cytopathology examination, and 2 mL for cytology and biochemical analysis of the CSF. Additionally, all patients underwent cranial brain magnetic resonance imaging with both plain and contrast-enhanced scans. Among the 12 patients with suspected LM, CTC detection yielded a positivity rate of 11/12 (91.7%). The positivity rate for CSF cytopathology examination was 4/12 (33.3%). However, none of the patients showed positive findings on cranial brain magnetic resonance imaging with both plain and contrast-enhanced scans (0/12, 0%). The difference between CTC detection and cytopathology detection was statistically significant (P < .05). CTC detection may have a high positivity rate in diagnosing LM from malignant solid tumors. It potentially serves as a supplementary diagnostic method for patients with negative pathology results and be used for rapid and accurate adjunctive diagnosis of LM."
331,brain tumour,39560478,Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein and Phosphorated Tau 181 Association with Presynaptic Density-Dependent Tau Pathology at ,"Background Synaptic loss is an important factor in Alzheimer disease (AD); however, blood assays that conveniently and rapidly reflect changes in synaptic density are lacking. Purpose To correlate multiple potential synaptic blood markers with synaptic density measured using "
332,brain tumour,39560360,Tumor microtubes: A new potential therapeutic target for high-grade gliomas.,"High-grade infiltrating gliomas are highly aggressive and fatal brain tumors that present significant challenges for research and treatment due to their complex microenvironment and tissue structure. Recent discovery of tumor microtubes (TMs) has provided new insights into how high-grade gliomas develop in the brain and resist treatment. TMs are unique, ultra-long, and highly functional membrane protrusions that form multicellular networks and play crucial roles in glioma invasiveness, drug resistance, recurrence, and heterogeneity. This review focuses on the different roles that TMs play in glioma cell communication, material transport, and tumor cell behavior. Specifically, non-connecting TMs primarily promote glioma invasiveness, likely related to their role in enhancing cell motility. On the other hand, interconnecting TMs form functional and communication networks by connecting with surrounding astrocytes and neurons, thereby promoting glioma malignancy. We summarize the factors that influence the formation of TMs in gliomas and current strategies targeting TMs. As the understanding of TMs advances, we are closer to uncovering whether they might be the long-sought Achilles' heel of treatment-resistant gliomas. By delving deeper into TMs research, we hope to develop more effective therapeutic strategies for patients with malignant gliomas."
333,brain tumour,39560080,Longitudinal multimodal profiling of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma reveals the molecular evolution and cellular phenotypes underlying prognostically different treatment responses.,"Despite recent advances in the biology of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma, it remains a devastating disease with median survival of less than 2 years. However, the molecular underpinnings of the heterogeneous response to the current standard-of-care treatment regimen consisting of maximal safe resection, adjuvant radiation, and chemotherapy with temozolomide remain unknown."
334,brain tumour,39560005,Genetic variants in mitochondrial sirtuins associated with brain tumor risk: a case-control study.,"Previous studies on brain tumors have been performed on the nuclear genome, but limited studies have been reported on the mitochondrial genome. The mitochondrial sirtuin (SIRT3/SIRT4/SIRT5) has been mutated in different cancers. Limited studies have been performed on brain tumors. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is an important marker, and polymorphism in the IDH gene has been reported to differentiate the brain tumor subtypes."
335,brain tumour,39559356,IP-10 acts early in CV-A16 infection to induce BBB destruction and promote virus entry into the CNS by increasing TNF-α expression.,"The mechanisms underlying pathological changes in the central nervous system (CNS) following Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) infection have not yet been elucidated. IFN-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) is often used as a predictive factor to monitor early virus infection. It has also been reported that IP-10 plays a pivotal role in neuroinflammation. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of IP-10 in the neuropathogenesis of CV-A16 infection. We observed that the level of IP-10, as well as the TLR3-TRIF-TRAF3-TBK1-NF-κB and RIG-I/MDA5-MAVS-TRAFS-TBK1-NF-κB pathways, which are the upstream of IP-10, were significantly elevated during the course of CV-A16 infection. This increase was accompanied by an increase in a series of inflammatory cytokines at different time-points during CV-A16 infection. To determine whether IP-10 influences BBB integrity, we examined junctional complexes. Our results revealed that the expression levels of Claudin5, Occludin, ZO-1 and VE-Cadherin were notably decreased in CV-A16-infected HUVECs, but these indicators were restored in CV-A16-infected HUVECs with Eldelumab treatment. Nevertheless, IP-10 is only a chemokine that primarily traffics CXCR3-positive immune cells to inflammatory sites or promotes the production of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, the interactions between IP-10 and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. Our data revealed that IP-10 mediated the production of TNF-α, which was also observed to change the junctional complexes. Moreover, in a suckling mouse model, IP-10 and TNF-α treatments exacerbated clinical symptoms, mortality and pathological changes in the brain of CV-A16-infected mice, but Anti-IP-10 and Anti-TNF-α treatments alleviated these changes. Our data also revealed that IP-10 may be detected early in CV-A16 infection, whereas TNF-α was detected late in CV-A16 infection, and the production of TNF-α was also found to be positively correlated with IP-10. In addition, IP-10 and TNF-α were observed to reduce junctional complexes and enhance virus entry into the CNS. Taken together, this study provides the first evidence that CV-A16 activates the IP-10/TNF-α regulatory axis to cause BBB damage and accelerate the formation of neuroinflammation in infected hosts, which not only provides a new understanding of the neuropathogenesis caused by CV-A16, but also offers a promising target for the development of CV-A16 antiviral drugs."
336,brain tumour,39558951,Case report: Efficacy of later-line fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan in a patient with triple-positive breast cancer with brain metastases.,"Fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) has demonstrated substantial antitumor activity and durable responses in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer. We report here the treatment outcomes of T-DXd in a patient with HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastases that repeatedly recurred and progressed after two lines of salvage therapy. In 2016, a 23-year-old G0P0 female with risk factors including menarche at age 9 years, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and a strong family history of cancer was diagnosed with bilateral, triple-positive breast cancer. She received chemotherapy, HER2-targeted therapies, total mastectomy, and locoregional radiotherapy, but a brain metastasis in the left parieto-occipital lobe was detected in 2020. After receiving capecitabine, lapatinib, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, and tamoxifen, multiple new lesions appeared in the brain after 14 months. The patient then received capecitabine, neratinib, GnRH agonist, and letrozole; however, her brain metastases still progressed after 7 months. In 2022, she started T-DXd treatment. Good response to treatment was observed 4 months later, including a continuous decrease in the cancer antigen 15-3 level, a reduction in the size of the major brain tumor, and the absence of new lesions. Now aged 30, the patient is continuing to receive T-DXd treatment to prevent recurrence. We conclude that T-DXd was effective for the treatment of brain metastases in this young patient with triple-positive metastatic breast cancer who had multiple risk factors and had received several anti-HER2 therapies prior to T-DXd."
337,brain tumour,39558921,Rare primary dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the thoracic spine: A case report and literature review.,Primary dedifferentiated liposarcomas of the spine mark a rare tumor entity.
338,brain tumour,39558821,Disseminated DIG-DIA With a Rare FMR1-RAF1 Fusion With Good Response to Targeted Therapy.,No abstract found
339,brain tumour,39558550,Microglia induce an interferon-stimulated gene expression profile in glioblastoma and increase glioblastoma resistance to temozolomide.,"Glioblastoma is the most malignant primary brain tumour. Even with standard treatment comprising surgery followed by radiation and concomitant temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, glioblastoma remains incurable. Almost all patients with glioblastoma relapse owing to various intrinsic and extrinsic resistance mechanisms of the tumour cells. Glioblastomas are densely infiltrated with tumour-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs). These immune cells affect the tumour cells in experimental studies and are associated with poor patient survival in clinical studies. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of microglia on glioblastoma chemo-resistance."
340,brain tumour,39558466,Second Opinion Seeking in Paediatric Oncology: Motivations and Predictors.,"This study investigated the prevalence, methods and factors leading carers of childhood cancer patients to seek second opinions."
341,brain tumour,39558401,"Seeing through ""brain fog"": neuroimaging assessment and imaging biomarkers for cancer-related cognitive impairments.","Advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment have substantially improved patient outcomes and survival in recent years. However, up to 75% of cancer patients and survivors, including those with non-central nervous system (non-CNS) cancers, suffer from ""brain fog"" or impairments in cognitive functions such as attention, memory, learning, and decision-making. While we recognize the impact of cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), we have not fully investigated and understood the causes, mechanisms and interplays of various involving factors. Consequently, there are unmet needs in clinical oncology in assessing the risk of CRCI and managing patients and survivors with this condition in order to make informed treatment decisions and ensure the quality of life for cancer survivors. The state-of-the-art neuroimaging technologies, particularly clinical imaging modalities like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), have been widely used to study neuroscience questions, including CRCI. However, in-depth applications of these functional and molecular imaging methods in CRCI and their clinical implementation for CRCI management are largely limited. This scoping review provides the current understanding of contributing neurological factors to CRCI and applications of the state-of-the-art multi-modal neuroimaging methods in investigating the functional and structural alterations related to CRCI. Findings from these studies and potential imaging-biomarkers of CRCI that can be used to improve the assessment and characterization of CRCI as well as to predict the risk of CRCI are also highlighted. Emerging issues and perspectives on future development and applications of neuroimaging tools to better understand CRCI and incorporate neuroimaging-based approaches to treatment decisions and patient management are discussed."
342,brain tumour,39558399,Diffuse pediatric high-grade glioma of methylation-based RTK2A and RTK2B subclasses present distinct radiological and histomolecular features including Gliomatosis cerebri phenotype.,"Diffuse pediatric-type high-grade gliomas (pedHGG), H3- and IDH-wildtype, encompass three main DNA-methylation-based subtypes: pedHGG-MYCN, pedHGG-RTK1A/B/C, and pedHGG-RTK2A/B. Since their first description in 2017 tumors of pedHGG-RTK2A/B have not been comprehensively characterized and clinical correlates remain elusive. In a recent series of pedHGG with a Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) growth pattern, an increased incidence of pedHGG-RTK2A/B (n = 18) was observed. We added 14 epigenetically defined pedHGG-RTK2A/B tumors to this GC series and provided centrally reviewed radiological, histological, and molecular characterization. The final cohort of 32 pedHGG-RTK2A/B tumors consisted of 25 pedHGG-RTK2A (78%) and seven pedHGG-RTK2B (22%) cases. The median age was 11.6 years (range, 4-17) with a median overall survival of 16.0 months (range 10.9-28.2). Seven of 11 of the newly added cases with imaging available showed a GC phenotype at diagnosis or follow-up. PedHGG-RTK2B tumors exhibited frequent bithalamic involvement (6/7, 86%). Central neuropathology review confirmed a diffuse glial neoplasm in all tumors with prominent angiocentric features in both subclasses. Most tumors (24/27 with available data, 89%) diffusely expressed EGFR with focal angiocentric enhancement. PedHGG-RTK2A tumors lacked OLIG2 expression, whereas 43% (3/7) of pedHGG-RTK2B expressed this glial transcription factor. ATRX loss occurred in 3/6 pedHGG-RTK2B samples with available data (50%). DNA sequencing (pedHGG-RTK2A: n = 18, pedHGG-RTK2B: n = 5) found EGFR alterations (15/23, 65%; predominantly point mutations) in both subclasses. Mutations in BCOR (14/18, 78%), SETD2 (7/18, 39%), and the hTERT promoter (7/19, 37%) occurred exclusively in pedHGG-RTK2A tumors, while pedHGG-RTK2B tumors were enriched for TP53 alterations (4/5, 80%). In conclusion, pedHGG-RTK2A/B tumors are characterized by highly diffuse-infiltrating growth patterns and specific radiological and histo-molecular features. By comprehensively characterizing methylation-based tumors, the chance to develop specific and effective therapy concepts for these detrimental tumors increases."
343,brain tumour,39558166,The Chemical Probes Portal - 2024: update on this public resource to support best-practice selection and use of small molecules in biomedical research.,"The Chemical Probes Portal (www.chemicalprobes.org) is a free, public resource, based on expert-reviews, that supports the assessment, selection and use of small-molecule compounds that qualify as chemical probes. These high-quality reagents are essential for exploring the function of individual proteins in complex biological systems, such as cells and organisms, and for validating proteins as potential therapeutic targets. The use of reliable chemical probes accelerates protein annotation in basic biological studies and informs drug discovery. However, the use of low-quality compounds has historically led to erroneous conclusions in biomedical research, and experience shows that failure to follow best practice continues, an issue which the Portal aims to address. Here, we describe the latest updates to the Chemical Probes Portal in both content and functionality. The number of chemical probes and human protein targets covered has increased significantly, with improvements in the processes for obtaining expert reviews and user engagement. Moreover, new functionalities and enhanced tools have been introduced to better support biological researchers in selecting and using the best chemical probes for their studies."
344,brain tumour,39557959,Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles disrupt the blood-brain barrier endothelium following high-frequency irreversible electroporation.,"High-frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE), a nonthermal brain tumor ablation therapeutic, generates a central tumor ablation zone while transiently disrupting the peritumoral blood-brain barrier (BBB). We hypothesized that bystander effects of H-FIRE tumor cell ablation, mediated by small tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (sTDEV), disrupt the BBB endothelium. Monolayers of bEnd.3 cerebral endothelial cells were exposed to supernatants of H-FIRE or radiation (RT)-treated LL/2 and F98 cancer cells. Endothelial cell response was evaluated microscopically and via flow cytometry for apoptosis. sTDEV were isolated following H-FIRE and RT, characterized via nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy, and applied to a Transwell BBB endothelium model to quantify permeability changes. Supernatants of H-FIRE-treated tumor cells, but not supernatants of sham- or RT-treated cells, disrupted endothelial cell monolayer integrity while maintaining viability. sTDEV released by glioma cells treated with 3000 V/cm H-FIRE increased permeability of the BBB endothelium model compared to sTDEV released after lower H-FIRE doses and RT. NTA revealed significantly decreased sTDEV release after the 3000 V/cm H-FIRE dose. Our results demonstrate that sTDEV increase permeability of the BBB endothelium after H-FIRE ablation in vitro. sTDEV-mediated mechanisms of BBB disruption may be exploited for drug delivery to infiltrative margins following H-FIRE ablation."
345,brain tumour,39557947,Association between chronic stress-related amygdala metabolic activity and lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer.,Chronic stress's link to endometrial cancer risk and tumor aggressiveness remains unclear. 
346,brain tumour,39557440,[Research progress on analgesic mechanism of acupuncture for cancer pain].,"Cancer pain is one of the common complications in patients with intermediate or advanced cancer, which brings severe sufferings to patients and their families, and also seriously interferes with the anti-tumor process. Acupuncture is an effective method for the treatment of cancer pain, which has the advantages of simple operation, quick effect and fewer side effects, and is widely used in clinic. In this paper, we reviewed the relevant literature on the mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of cancer pain both at home and abroad in recent years, and summarized the analgesic mechanisms of acupuncture for cancer pain from the peripheral level and the central level. It is found that acupuncture can relieve cancer pain by regulating immune inflammatory response, expression of ion channels and pain-related receptors, remising central sensitization, activating endogenous pain modulating system and suppressing pain transmission pathways. In addition, we also think that the use of high-throughput multi-omics techniques and neuroimaging methods to detect and analyze the brain areas or body fluids before and after acupuncture should be the focus of acupuncture analgesia research in the future."
347,brain tumour,39557429,[Effects of electroacupuncture on expression of miR-218 and HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway in rats with focal cerebral ischemia].,"To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) / toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway and inflammatory injury in rats with focal cerebral ischemia (FCI), so as to explore its mechanisms underlying amelioration of ischemic stroke."
348,brain tumour,39556814,Detection of face motor activation in the precentral gyrus with functional thermography following inconclusive direct electrical stimulation mapping: illustrative case.,"The leading method of identifying critical functional regions during brain tumor resection is direct electrical stimulation (DES). In awake craniotomy patients, DES employs electric current to induce functional responses or task inhibition. In contrast, thermography uses infrared imaging to detect regions of increased blood flow from patient tasks, inferring the location of functional activity similarly to blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). DES seldom produces no detectable response, but the case herein is an example featuring the subsequent use of thermography."
349,brain tumour,39556267,"Gallic acid ameliorates LPS-induced memory decline by modulating NF-κB, TNF-α, and Caspase 3 gene expression and attenuating oxidative stress and neuronal loss in the rat hippocampus.","Neuroinflammation and apoptosis play critical roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is responsible for most cases of dementia in the elderly people. Gallic acid is a phenolic compound with radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of gallic acid on LPS-induced spatial memory impairment and find the underlying mechanisms. Gallic acid was orally administered (100 mg/kg) to male Wistar rats for 12 days. LPS was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 mg/kg on days 8-12. Morris water maze paradigm was used to evaluate spatial learning and memory. The mRNA level of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Caspase 3, lipid peroxidation and total thiol level was assessed in the rat hippocampus. Neuronal loss and histological changes were also evaluated in the brain. LPS treatment resulted in spatial learning and memory impairment, upregulation of NF-κB, TNF-α, and Caspase 3 mRNA expression, increased lipid peroxidation, decreased total thiol level, and neuronal loss in the hippocampus. Moreover, treatment with gallic acid at a dosage of 100 mg/kg ameliorated memory decline, reduced the mRNA level of NF-κB, TNF-α, and Caspase 3, decreased lipid peroxidation and increased total thiol level in the hippocampus. Gallic acid also prevented LPS-induced neuronal loss and histological changes in the brain. Conclusively, our study demonstrated that gallic acid exerts neuroprotective effect against LPS-induced memory decline in rats. This outcome could be due to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic activities of gallic acid."
350,brain tumour,39556024,Alternative lengthening of telomere-based immortalization renders H3G34R -mutant diffuse hemispheric glioma hypersensitive to PARP inhibitor combination regimens.,"Diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3G34R/V-mutant (DHG-H3G34) is characterized by poor prognosis and lack of effective treatment options. DHG-H3G34R further harbor deactivation of Alpha-Thalassemia/Mental Retardation Syndrome X-linked protein (ATRX; DHG-H3G34R_ATRX) suggesting a unique interaction of these two oncogenic alterations. In this study, we dissect their cell biological interplay, investigate the impact on telomere stabilization and, consequently, validate a targeted therapy approach."
351,brain tumour,39555711,Long Term Ventilation in Pediatric Central Apnea: Etiologies and Therapeutic Approach over a Decade.,"This retrospective study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, ventilatory strategies, and effectiveness of ventilation in pediatric patients with central apneas treated at the Sleep Medicine and Long-Term Ventilation Unit of the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital in Rome from 2012 to 2022."
352,brain tumour,39555702,,"DSN1 has been previously found to be positively correlated with various cancers. However, the effect of DSN1 or its methylation on the prognosis, molecular characteristics, and immune cell infiltration of low-grade glioma (LGG) has not yet been studied. We obtained 1046 LGG samples from the The Cancer Genome Atlas, The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) microarray, and CGGA RNA-Seq databases. Bioinformatic methods (gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), chi-square test, multivariate), and laboratory validation were used to investigate DSN1 in LGG. The expression levels of DSN1 mRNA and protein in LGG were substantially higher than those in normal brain tissue, and their expression was negatively regulated by methylation. The survival time of patients with low expression of DSN1 and cg12601032 hypermethylation was considerably prolonged. DSN1 was a risk factor, and of good diagnostic and prognostic value for LGG. Importantly, the expression of DSN1 is related to many types of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and has a positive correlation with PDL1. DSN1 promoted the activation of multiple cancer-related pathways, such as the cell cycle. Additionally, knockdown of DSN1 substantially inhibited the proliferation and invasion of LGG cells. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive analysis of the mechanism of DSN1 leading to poor prognosis of LGG, which provides a new perspective for revealing the pathogenesis of LGG. DSN1 or its methylation has diagnostic value for the prognosis of glioma, and may become a new biological target of anti-tumor immunotherapy."
353,brain tumour,39555204,Successful Treatment of MDR,Multiple drug resistance to 
354,brain tumour,39555054,"Clinical immunotherapy in glioma: current concepts, challenges, and future perspectives.","Glioma is one of the common tumors in the central nervous system, and its treatment methods (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) lack specificity and have a poor prognosis. With the development of immunology, cell biology, and genomics, tumor immunotherapy has ushered in a new era of tumor therapy, achieving significant results in other invasive cancers such as advanced melanoma and advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Currently, the clinical trials of immunotherapy in glioma are also progressing rapidly. Here, this review summarizes promising immunotherapy methods in recent years, reviews the current status of clinical trials, and discusses the challenges and prospects of glioma immunotherapy."
355,brain tumour,39555051,GelMA microneedle-loaded bio-derived nanovaccine shows therapeutic potential for gliomas.,"Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system in adults. Although immunotherapy, especially tumor vaccines, has made some progress in the treatment of gliomas compared with surgery and radiotherapy. However, the lack of specific or relevant tumor antigens severely limits the further development of tumor vaccines. Here, we report a bio-derived vaccine (TMV@CpG) derived from glioma cell membrane vesicles and carrying TLR9 agonist CpG as adjuvant, which was loaded onto the GelMA microneedle to obtain the microneedle vaccine (MN-TMV@CpG). Microneedle vaccine fully utilize the innate immune cells rich in the skin, inducing stronger cellular immune responses. In subcutaneous tumor models, MN-TMV@CpG reversed the immune-suppressing microenvironment of tumor, and effectively inhibited tumor progression. In an intracranial tumor model, MN-TMV@CpG significantly prolonged the survival duration and induced stronger immune memory responses in tumor bearing mice when combined with anti-PD1 mAb. These results suggest that bio-derived nanovaccines can be used as a potential antitumor immunotherapy strategy."
356,brain tumour,39554867,Size matters: Biomolecular compositions of small and large extracellular vesicles in the urine of glioblastoma patients.,"The promise of urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) in biomarker discovery is emerging. However, the characteristics and compositions of different uEV subpopulations across normal physiological and pathological states require rigorous explication. We recently reported proteomic signatures of small (s)-uEVs (<200 nm membranous nanoparticles) and described putative biomarkers corresponding to the diagnosis, tumour burden and recurrence of the lethal adult primary brain tumour, glioblastoma. Here, we comprehensively characterise uEV populations with significantly different mean and mode particle sizes obtained by differential centrifugation at 100,000 × "
357,brain tumour,39554845,VCAN in the extracellular matrix drives glioma recurrence by enhancing cell proliferation and migration.,"Gliomas are the most prevalent primary malignant intracranial tumors, characterized by high rates of therapy resistance, recurrence, and mortality. A major factor contributing to the poor prognosis of gliomas is their ability to diffusely infiltrate surrounding and even distant brain tissues, rendering complete total resection almost impossible and leading to frequent recurrences. The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role in the tumor microenvironment and may significantly influence glioma progression, recurrence, and therapeutic response."
358,brain tumour,39554839,PEGylated Elesclomol@Cu(Ⅱ)-based Metal‒organic framework with effective nanozyme performance and cuproptosis induction efficacy for enhanced PD-L1-based immunotherapy.,"Nanozymes constitute a promising treatment strategy for antitumor therapy. However, the catalytic function of metal‒organic framework (MOF)-based nanozymes during cuproptosis remains unclear. In this study, a Cu(Ⅱ)-based MOF nanocomposite loaded with the copper ionophore elesclomol and surface modified with polyethylene glycol polymer (PEG) was developed (ES@Cu(Ⅱ)-MOF) for effective cuproptosis induction. The peroxidase (POD)-like activity of ES@Cu(Ⅱ)-MOF generated an abundance of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) via a Fenton-like reaction, and its glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)-like activity converted Cu"
359,brain tumour,39554791,Prospective assessment of end-of-life symptoms and quality of life in patients with high-grade glioma.,"Glioblastoma and high-grade glioma (HGG) remain non-curable diseases. Symptoms and Quality-of-life (QoL) in the end-of-life (EoL) phase have not been prospectively studied with validated instruments. Therefore, we prospectively assessed symptom progression, symptom management, and hospice utilization in patients with treatment-refractory progressive HGG."
360,brain tumour,39554790,Rehabilitation utilization in malignant primary brain tumors compared to stroke and traumatic brain injury: Analysis using a large claim database.,"There is concern regarding the underutilization of rehabilitation services for the malignant primary brain tumor (MPBT) population following hospitalization. Our aim is to assess physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT), and speech-language pathology (SLP) use after an MPBT diagnosis, evaluate the trend from 2001 to 2018, and compare to traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke."
361,brain tumour,39554789,Comparison of subjectively and objectively measured sleep-wake patterns among patients with primary brain tumors.,"The sleep diary and wrist-worn actigraphy are widely used to assess sleep disturbances in patients with primary brain tumors (PwPBT) in both clinical and research settings. However, their comparability has not been systematically examined. This study aimed to compare the sleep-wake patterns measured using the subjectively measured Consensus Sleep Diary (CSD) and the objectively measured ActiGraph (AG) actigraphy among PwPBT."
362,brain tumour,39554788,Validation of the graded prognostic assessment and recursive partitioning analysis as prognostic tools using a modern cohort of patients with brain metastases.,"Prognostic indices for patients with brain metastases (BM) are needed to individualize treatment and stratify clinical trials. Two frequently used tools to estimate survival in patients with BM are the recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) and the diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment (DS-GPA). Given recent advances in therapies and improved survival for patients with BM, this study aims to validate and analyze these 2 models in a modern cohort."
363,brain tumour,39554785,Focal leptomeningeal vascular anomalies on brain MRI: A mimic of leptomeningeal metastatic disease.,"The diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastatic disease has major prognostic and therapeutic implications. We report 13 patients with a radiologically distinct kind of focal, enhancing leptomeningeal lesion on brain MRI that mimics leptomeningeal metastatic disease."
364,brain tumour,39554784,Interventional neurorehabilitation for glioma patients: A systematic review.,"Harnessing the neuroplastic potential of the human brain is being increasingly recognized as an important neuro-oncological paradigm to facilitate safe resection of brain tumors while preserving neurological function and quality of life. Interventional neurorehabilitation, employing both invasive and noninvasive neuromodulation techniques, represents an important emerging therapeutic strategy to induce or enhance neural plasticity to promote functional recovery in brain tumor patients. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive review of interventional neurorehabilitation techniques for glioma patients."
365,brain tumour,39554783,"Histopathologic and molecular profile of gliomas diagnosed in Lagos, Nigeria.","The optimal diagnosis and management of patients with brain tumors currently uses the 2021 WHO integrated diagnosis of histomorphologic and molecular features. However, neuro-oncology practice in resource-limited settings usually relies solely on histomorphology. This study aimed to classify glioma cases diagnosed in the Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, using the 2021 WHO CNS tumor classification."
366,brain tumour,39554782,Challenges and opportunities in newly diagnosed glioblastoma in the United Kingdom: A Delphi panel.,"Glioblastoma is the deadliest primary malignant brain tumor in adults with limited treatment options and an average survival time of 12-18 months in the United Kingdom. In addition, glioblastoma has a highly detrimental impact on physical, cognitive, and emotional well-being, leaving substantial unmet needs for patients and caregivers. This study aimed to identify unmet needs in people with newly diagnosed glioblastoma and opportunities to mitigate them."
367,brain tumour,39554780,Cerebrospinal fluid diversion prior to posterior fossa tumor resection in adults: A systematic review.,"Posterior fossa tumors (PFTs) comprise 15%-20% of adult brain tumors, with the reported frequency of hydrocephalus (HCP) ranging between 3.7% and 58%. Most HCP resolves after resection of PFTs, but studies report persistent or new-onset HCP occurring in between 2% and 7% of cases. Preoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS), external ventricular drain (EVD), or endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has been shown to improve outcomes. Evidence regarding the efficacy of these techniques is limited."
368,brain tumour,39554489,Integration of transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of TFEB reveals its dual functional roles in Pan-cancer.,"Transcription factor EB (TFEB) mainly regulates the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, associated with many diseases, including cancer. However, the role of TFEB in pan-cancer has not been investigated systematically. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed TFEB targets under three stresses in Hela cells by cross-validation of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq. 1712 novel TFEB targets have not been reported in the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and ChIP Enrichment Analysis databases. We further investigated their distributions and roles among the pan-cancer co-expression networks across 32 cancers constructed by multiscale embedded gene co-expression network analysis (MEGENA) based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. Specifically, TFEB might serve as a hidden player with multifaceted functions in regulating pan-cancer risk factors, e.g. "
369,brain tumour,39554088,Directed evolution of the multicopper oxidase laccase for cell surface proximity labeling and electron microscopy.,"Enzymes that oxidize aromatic substrates have shown utility in a range of cell-based technologies including live cell proximity labeling (PL) and electron microscopy (EM), but are associated with drawbacks such as the need for toxic H"
370,brain tumour,39553861,Attenuation coefficient as a tool to detect changes in the white matter of the rat brain caused by different types of gliomas and irradiation.,"In the present work, we carried out a comparative study of the attenuation coefficient of the white matter of the rat brain during the growth of glial tumors characterized by different degrees of malignancy (glioblastoma 101/8, astrocytoma 10-17-2, glioma C6) and during irradiation. We demonstrated that some tumor models cause a pronounced decrease in white matter attenuation coefficient values due to infiltration of tumor cells, myelinated fiber destruction, and edema. In contrast, other tumors cause compression of the myelinated fibers of the corpus callosum without their ruptures and prominent invasion of tumor cells, which preserved the attenuation coefficient values changeless. In addition, for the first time, the possibility of using the attenuation coefficient to detect late radiation-induced changes in white matter characterized by focal development of edema, disruption of the integrity of myelinated fibers, and a decrease in the amount of oligodendrocytes and differentiation of these areas from tumor tissue and healthy white matter has been demonstrated. The results indicate the promise of using the attenuation coefficient estimated from OCT data for in vivo assessment of the degree of destruction of peritumoral white matter or its compression, which makes this method useful not only in primary resections but also in repeated surgical interventions for recurrent tumors."
371,brain tumour,39553554,New sights on long non-coding RNAs in glioblastoma: A review of molecular mechanism.,"Glioma or glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the aggressive and fatal primary cerebral malignancies, with the highest mortality rate among all brain-related tumors. Also, glioma mainly progresses as a more invasive phenotype after primary treatment. Cumulative evidence suggested that dysregulation of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with tumor initiation, progression, and drug resistance, through epigenetic modifications, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional processes in the cells. Many scientific investigations have revealed that LncRNAs play important roles in various biological procedures linked with the development and progression of GBM. In recent years, it has been shown that dysregulation of molecular mechanisms in many LncRNAs such as MIR22HG, HULC, AGAP2-AS1, MALAT1, PVT1, TTTY14, HOTAIRM1, PTAR, LPP-AS2, LINC00336, and TINCR are connected with the GBM. Therefore, this scientific review paper focused on the molecular mechanisms of these LncRNAs in the context of GBM."
372,brain tumour,39553478,Oral administration of ,"Both periodontal disease and obesity are risk factors for dementia, but their links to 1brain function remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of oral infection with a periodontal pathogen on cognitive function in a mouse model of obesity, focusing on the roles of microglia."
373,brain tumour,39553432,Ultrasound inhibits tumor growth and selectively eliminates malignant brain tumor in vivo.,"Glioma is one of the most common primary malignant brain tumors. Despite progress in therapeutic approaches, the median survival of patients with glioma remains less than 2 years, generating the need for new therapeutic approaches. Ultrasound (US) is widely used in medical fields and is used as a therapeutic tool mainly for improving the performance of therapeutic entities. In this study, we examined a novel approach using low frequency US (20 kHz) (LFUS) as an independent treatment tool for malignant glioma, since primary studies showed that cancer cells are more susceptible to LFUS than healthy cells. LFUS safety and efficacy were examined in a 9L gliosarcoma-bearing female Fischer 344 rats. Two LFUS protocols were examined: a one-time treatment (US1X), and two treatments 24 h apart (US2X). For safety evaluation, rats were monitored for weight change and pain measurements. For efficacy, tumor volume was measured as a function of time and the tumor structural chances were examined histopathologically. LFUS treatment showed rapid inhibition of tumor growth, seen as soon as 12 h after US application. In addition, LFUS was found to affect the tumor structure, which was more extensive (>60% of tumor area) in smaller tumors. In US2X, the tumor tissue was completely destroyed, and an extensive immune response was observed. Importantly, the treatment was highly selective, keeping the healthy tissue surrounding the tumor unharmed. We developed a highly efficient and selective therapeutic protocol for treating malignant glioma with minimal side effects based solely on LFUS."
374,brain tumour,39553428,Versatile tissue-injectable hydrogels capable of the extended hydrolytic release of bioactive protein therapeutics.,"Hydrogels are extensively employed in healthcare due to their adaptable structures, high water content, and biocompatibility, with FDA-approved applications ranging from spinal cord regeneration to local therapeutic delivery. However, clinical hydrogels encounter challenges related to inconsistent therapeutic exposure, unmodifiable release windows, and difficulties in subsurface polymer insertion. Addressing these issues, we engineered injectable, biocompatible hydrogels as a local therapeutic depot, utilizing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels functionalized with bioorthogonal SPAAC handles for network polymerization and functionalization. Our hydrogel solutions polymerize in situ in a temperature-sensitive manner, persist in tissue, and facilitate the delivery of bioactive therapeutics in subsurface locations. Demonstrating the efficacy of our approach, recombinant anti-CD47 monoclonal antibodies, when incorporated into subsurface-injected hydrogel solutions, exhibited cytotoxic activity against infiltrative high-grade glioma xenografts in the rodent brain. To enhance the gel's versatility, recombinant protein cargos can undergo site-specific modification with hydrolysable ""azidoester"" adapters, allowing for user-defined release profiles from the hydrogel. Hydrogel-generated gradients of murine CXCL10, linked to intratumorally injected hydrogel solutions via azidoester linkers, resulted in significant recruitment of CD8"
375,brain tumour,39553228,AMP-dependent protein kinase alpha 1 predicts cancer prognosis and immunotherapy response: from pan-cancer analysis to experimental validation.,"Pancreatic cancer (PC) has poor prognosis. PRKAA1 (AMPK-α1) is the catalytic subunit of 5'-adenylate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which plays a critical role in multiple stages of tumorigenesis and development. However, the biological mechanisms of PRKAA1 in the tumor microenvironment have not been well studied. In this study, we performed a combined analysis of data from TCGA and GTEx databases to determine whether PRKAA1 is differentially expressed in a variety of tumors. Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression analyses indicated that the differential expression of PRKAA1 affected overall survival in a variety of tumors and was an independent prognostic factor for Brain Lower Grade Glioma (LGG), Brain Lower Grade Glioma (LAML), Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), and Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (KICH). PRKAA1 was closely associated with various immune profiles, suggesting that PRKAA1 can be used for direct immunotherapy. We investigated the role of PRKAA1 in PC cells. We found that the downregulation of PRKAA1 expression reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PC cells. In addition, we found that PRKAA1 regulated PC progression, possibly through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Treatment of cells with the AKT inhibitors MK2206 and GSK2110183 revealed that the PRKAA1 overexpression group was less sensitive to AKT inhibitors than the negative control group. Taken together, PRKAA1 can be used as a potential prognostic marker and new target for tumor immunotherapy."
376,brain tumour,39553048,Spinal Complications of Melanoma: A Case of Acute Paraplegia.,"Melanoma is an aggressive cancer with a high potential for metastasis, commonly spreading to organs such as the lungs, brain, liver, and bones. Bone metastases, particularly to the spine, are a frequent complication and can result in severe pain, spinal cord compression, and neurological deficits. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical, though managing spinal metastases from melanoma poses significant challenges. We present the case of a 41-year-old man with a history of malignant melanoma who developed acute paraplegia following a pathological fracture of the third thoracic vertebra. The patient reported rapidly worsening back pain and loss of motor function in the lower extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a metastatic lesion in the third thoracic vertebrae, causing spinal cord compression. An emergency open laminectomy with partial tumor resection and vertebroplasty was performed to decompress the spinal cord and stabilize the spine. Postoperative recovery was remarkable, with significant improvement in motor and sensory function within 48 hours. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the metastatic melanoma diagnosis. This case highlights the challenges of diagnosing and managing acute paraplegia caused by spinal metastases in melanoma patients. Early recognition of symptoms and timely intervention are crucial to improving neurological outcomes."
377,brain tumour,39553020,Exploring the Symptoms of and Insights Into Idiopathic Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome in Adults.,"Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome (OMAS) is a rare immunological central nervous system disorder that mostly affects children, and it is extremely uncommon in adults. It usually presents idiopathically, as a parainfectious condition, or as a paraneoplastic syndrome. We present a case of a patient who developed adult-onset opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome (OMAS) without any associated infectious or neoplastic disease, a condition that is considered very rare in Central America. This study aimed to document a rare case of adult-onset opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome in a 39-year-old female, highlighting its atypical presentation and the diagnostic challenges involved. The patient presented with a one-week history of rapid-onset and progressive dizziness, nausea, and vomiting, associated with a two-day history of gait instability, memory loss, and sleep disturbances. Past medical history was only notable for psoriatic arthritis controlled with methotrexate. The neurologic examination revealed involuntary, rapid, multidirectional eye saccades consistent with opsoclonus, fast-twitching and jerking movements of the head and bilateral upper extremities consistent with myoclonus, and a wide-based gait with instability indicative of ataxia, suggesting a diagnosis of OMAS. There were no motor or sensory deficits, seizures, fever, or symptoms suggestive of infections. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scan of the head, neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis with and without contrast showed no abnormalities. Breast, abdomen, and gynecologic ultrasound, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and colonoscopy showed no lesions suggestive of underlying neoplasia. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed mild hyperproteinorrhachia and lymphocytic pleocytosis, along with oligoclonal bands. Viral, bacterial, and autoimmune encephalitis panels were negative. CSF bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungi cultures were negative. Serum viral serologies, tumor markers, and antineuronal antibodies were negative. The patient received treatment with plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulin, and methylprednisolone, with significant but partial improvement of her symptoms."
378,brain tumour,39552555,Hydrogen sulfide-generating semiconducting polymer nanoparticles for amplified radiodynamic-ferroptosis therapy of orthotopic glioblastoma.,"A variety of therapeutic strategies are available to treat glioblastoma (GBM), but the tumor remains one of the deadliest due to its aggressive invasiveness, restrictive blood-brain barrier (BBB), and exceptional resistance to drugs. In this study, we present a hydrogen sulfide (H"
379,brain tumour,39552450,Olaparib Enhances the Efficacy of Third-Generation Oncolytic Adenoviruses Against Glioblastoma by Modulating DNA Damage Response and p66shc-Induced Apoptosis.,"Patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) do not benefit from current cancer treatments, and their prognosis is dismal. This study aimed to investigate the potential synergistic effects of TS-2021, a third-generation oncolytic adenovirus, combined with the PARP inhibitor olaparib in GBM."
380,brain tumour,39552019,An AMP-activated protein kinase-PGC-1α axis mediates metabolic plasticity in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma, the most frequent primary malignant brain tumour in adults, is characterised by profound yet dynamic hypoxia and nutrient depletion. To sustain survival and proliferation, tumour cells are compelled to acquire metabolic plasticity with the induction of adaptive metabolic programs. Here, we interrogated the pathways necessary to enable processing of nutrients other than glucose. We employed genetic approaches (stable/inducible overexpression, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout), pharmacological interventions with a novel inhibitor of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in glioblastoma cell culture systems and a proteomic approach to investigate mechanisms of metabolic plasticity. Moreover, a spatially resolved multiomic analysis was employed to correlate the gene expression pattern of PGC-1α with the local metabolic and genetic architecture in human glioblastoma tissue sections. A switch from glucose to alternative nutrients triggered an activation of AMPK, which in turn activated PGC-1α-dependent adaptive programs promoting mitochondrial metabolism. This sensor-effector mechanism was essential for metabolic plasticity with both functional AMPK and PGC-1α necessary for survival and growth of cells under nonglucose nutrient sources. In human glioblastoma tissue specimens, PGC-1α-expression correlated with nonhypoxic tumour niches defining a specific metabolic compartment. Our findings reveal a cell-intrinsic nutrient sensing and switching mechanism. The exposure to alternative fuels triggers a starvation signal that subsequently is passed on via AMPK and PGC-1α to induce adaptive programs necessary for broader spectrum nutrient metabolism. The integration of spatially resolved transcriptomic data confirms the relevance of PGC-1α especially in nonhypoxic tumour regions. Thus, the AMPK-PGC-1α axis is a candidate for therapeutic inhibition in glioblastoma. KEY POINTS/HIGHLIGHTS: AMPK activation induces PGC-1α expression in glioblastoma during nutrient scarcity. PGC-1α enables metabolic plasticity by facilitating metabolism of alternative nutrients in glioblastoma. PGC-1α expression is inversely correlated with hypoxic tumour regions in human glioblastomas."
381,brain tumour,39551805,DTASUnet: a local and global dual transformer with the attention supervision U-network for brain tumor segmentation.,"Glioma refers to a highly prevalent type of brain tumor that is strongly associated with a high mortality rate. During the treatment process of the disease, it is particularly important to accurately perform segmentation of the glioma from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). However, existing methods used for glioma segmentation usually rely solely on either local or global features and perform poorly in terms of capturing and exploiting critical information from tumor volume features. Herein, we propose a local and global dual transformer with an attentional supervision U-shape network called DTASUnet, which is purposed for glioma segmentation. First, we built a pyramid hierarchical encoder based on 3D shift local and global transformers to effectively extract the features and relationships of different tumor regions. We also designed a 3D channel and spatial attention supervision module to guide the network, allowing it to capture key information in volumetric features more accurately during the training process. In the BraTS 2018 validation set, the average Dice scores of DTASUnet for the tumor core (TC), whole tumor (WT), and enhancing tumor (ET) regions were 0.845, 0.905, and 0.808, respectively. These results demonstrate that DTASUnet has utility in assisting clinicians with determining the location of gliomas to facilitate more efficient and accurate brain surgery and diagnosis."
382,brain tumour,39551601,Natural killer cells are required for the recruitment of CD8+ T cells and the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma brain metastases.,
383,brain tumour,39551281,"Unleashing the power of golden berry leaves to counteract cyclophosphamide's toll with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neurotransmitter boosting effects.","Golden berries (Physalis peruviana) are esteemed for their healing properties and widespread use in traditional medicine, particularly for their neuroprotective benefits."
384,brain tumour,39551229,DLGAP3 suppresses malignant behaviors of glioma cells via inhibiting RGS12-mediated MAPK/ERK signaling.,"Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system, and is characterized by high recurrence, poor prognosis and especially complex pathogenesis. The synaptic plasticity-related protein DLGAP3 is mainly involved in the assembly and function of postsynaptic density complex. It's widely known that DLGAP3 participating in the occurrence of various neuropsychiatric diseases, but its role in glioma tumorigenesis remains largely unclear."
385,brain tumour,39550983,Clinical characteristics and management of plexiform neurofibromas in children with neurofibromatosis 1: A Japanese nationwide survey.,To investigate the clinical characteristics and management of plexiform neurofibromas (PNs) in Japanese children with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) in the beginning of a new era of treatment with mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor selumetinib.
386,brain tumour,39550888,Disruption of bioenergetics enhances the radio-sensitivity of patient-derived glioblastoma tumorspheres.,"Despite available treatment approaches, including surgical resection along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, glioblastoma (GBM), the most prevalent primary brain tumor, remains associated with a grim prognosis. Although radiotherapy is central to GBM treatment, its combination with bioenergetics regulators has not been validated in clinical practice. Here, we hypothesized that bioenergetics regulators can enhance the radio-sensitivity of GBM tumorspheres (TSs)."
387,brain tumour,39549759,Exploring the Relationship Between Radiation-Induced Moya Moya Syndrome and Radiation Dose for Pediatric Patients Treated with Proton Radiation Therapy: Moya Moya in Peds Patients After Proton RT.,The incidence and risk factors associated with radiation-induced Moya-Moya Syndrome (RIMMS) in pediatric brain tumor patients treated with proton radiotherapy (PRT) remain poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of RIMMS in the setting of CNS proton radiotherapy (PRT) in a pediatric cohort and assess its relationship with dose to the Circle of Willis (COW) or optic chiasm (OC).
388,brain tumour,39549677,Cross-sectional and longitudinal genotype to phenotype surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants over the first four years of the COVID-19 pandemic.,"Continued phenotyping and ongoing molecular epidemiology are important in current and future monitoring of emerging SARS-CoV-2 lineages. Herein we developed pragmatic strategies to track the emergence, spread and phenotype of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Australia in an era of decreasing diagnostic PCR testing and focused cohort-based studies. This was aligned to longitudinal studies that span 4 years of the COVID-19 pandemic."
389,brain tumour,39549630,Determination of furmonertinib in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by UPLC-MS/MS: Application in lung cancer patients with and without brain metastasis.,Furmonertinib (AST2818) is a selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) being developed for the treatment of patients with EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Quantification of furmonertinib in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be used to assess penetration of furmonertinib into the central nervous system (CNS). This paper described ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) methods for quantification of furmonertinib in human plasma and CSF. Sample separation was achieved on a Kinetex C
390,brain tumour,39549162,MicroRNA-mediated autophagy and drug resistance in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.,"This paper provides an exhaustive overview of the intricate interplay between microRNAs (miRNAs) and autophagy in the context of human cancers, underscoring the pivotal role these non-coding RNAs play in modulating autophagic pathways and their implications for cancer development, progression, and resistance to therapy. MiRNAs, as critical regulators of gene expression post-transcription, influence various biological processes, including autophagy, a catabolic mechanism essential for cellular homeostasis, stress response, and survival. The review meticulously delineates the mechanisms through which miRNAs impact autophagy by targeting specific genes and signaling pathways, thereby affecting cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and response to chemotherapy. It highlights several miRNAs with dual roles, acting either as oncogenes or tumor suppressors based on the cellular context and the specific autophagic pathways they regulate. The paper further explores the therapeutic potential of targeting miRNA-autophagy axis, offering insights into novel strategies for cancer treatment through modulation of this axis. Emphasizing the complexity of the miRNA-autophagy relationship, the review calls for more in-depth studies to unravel the nuanced regulatory networks between miRNAs and autophagy in cancer, which could pave the way for the development of innovative therapeutic interventions and diagnostic tools."
391,brain tumour,39549159,Influence of surgical timing on the visual prognosis of patients suffering from a pituitary apoplexy with visual impairment.,"Pituitary apoplexy is a clinical syndrome that can cause vision loss and oculomotor (OM) deficits. Neurosurgical decompression is still considered the treatment of choice for those with visual impairment. We aim to explore the influence of timing of neurosurgical decompression on visual outcome. Multicentre retrospective study of patients presenting with pituitary adenoma and pituitary apoplexy who were operated in three Spanish tertiary hospitals between 2008 and 2022. We identified 49 patients with pituitary apoplexy with visual symptoms and were operated. Among the visual symptoms, 35 patients (73%) had visual acuity (VA) impairment and 33 (67%) had an OM nerve paresis. Twenty-three of the 35 patients improved their VA, and 24 of the 33 improved their OM nerve paresis after surgery. The median time between apoplexy to surgery was 10 days (range 0-164). Regarding visual acuity, 50% (3 out of 6) of those operated within 3 days of apoplexy showed improvement, compared to 69% (20 out of 29) of those operated beyond (p = 0.37).Regarding OM paresis, 62.5% (5 out of 8) of those operated within 3 days of apoplexy improved, compared to 76% (19 out of 25) of those operated beyond (p = 0.56).Mean apoplexy to surgery time was 18 ± 19 days in those whose VA improved (vs. 32 ± 51; p = 0.46); and mean apoplexy to surgery time for those whose OM symptoms improved was 21+/- 35 days (vs. 24 +/- 37; p = 0.86). Our results suggest that timing of neurosurgical decompression does not affect the visual outcome of patients with pituitary apoplexy."
392,brain tumour,39549142,The safety and efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with gastrointestinal cancer brain metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Central nervous system Tumors, including metastasis, are a considerable source of morbidity and mortality. Currently, treatment options such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have been introduced to prevent the progression of the disease, but still, these patients do not have a good prognosis. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) reduces the damage to the surroundings by focusing the radiation on the tumor tissue. In this paper, we aim to investigate the outcomes of SRS on patients with gastrointestinal-originated brain metastases. A systematic review and meta-analysis used the PRISMA guideline from inception until 27th March 2024, utilizing the relevant key terms. Records were screened and included based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demanding data was extracted and analyzed using STATA v. 17. This meta-analysis of 29 studies examining SRS for brain metastases from gastrointestinal cancers revealed several significant findings. The pooled distant intracranial disease rate was 33% (95% CI: 0.21-0.45). Local tumor control rates were high, with an overall pooled rate of 88% (95% CI: 0.83-0.92). Survival outcomes showed a 6-month overall survival (OS) rate of 47% (95% CI: 0.42-0.52), decreasing to 32% at one year and 11% at two years. The 5-year OS rate was 2% (95% CI: 0.01-0.03). Subgroup analyses revealed variations in outcomes based on primary tumor site, with gastric cancer patients showing better short-term survival (73% at six months) compared to hepatic primaries (31% at six months). The 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 67% (95% CI: 0.12-1.22). Tumor control outcomes showed complete regression in 11% of cases, partial regression in 44%, stable disease in 30%, and progression in 20%. The overall mortality rate was 84% (95% CI: 0.75-0.93). This meta-analysis supports the efficacy of SRS in managing brain metastases from gastrointestinal cancers. SRS offers effective local control and may improve quality of life despite poor long-term outcomes. The high rates of distant intracranial progression underscore the need for comprehensive management strategies addressing both local and systemic disease. Future research should optimize patient selection, combine SRS with novel systemic therapies, and identify predictive biomarkers to improve outcomes in this challenging patient population."
393,brain tumour,39549128,The clinical impact of EGFR alterations in elderly glioblastoma patients: results from a real-life cohort.,The incidence of glioblastoma in the elderly population is increasing as the worldwide population ages. The differential and poorer survival in the elderly population compared to younger patients is partially explained. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical impact of epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR-altered glioblastoma in a real-life elderly glioblastoma population.
394,brain tumour,39549104,"Navigating shared decision-making after the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decision Act: a qualitative study of in-depth interviews with terminal cancer patients, families, and healthcare professionals.","End-of-life decision-making, particularly relating to withholding life-sustaining treatment (LST), is a complex and emotionally charged process involving healthcare professionals, patients, and caregivers."
395,brain tumour,39549093,Morin Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy and Cognitive Impairment in Albino Mice.,"Sepsis-associated encephalopathy is a common neurological complication of sepsis that is characterized by neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, which results in cognitive impairments in septic survivors. Despite numerous treatment options for this condition, none of them are definite. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of morin, a flavone known for its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, against lipopolysaccharides-induced sepsis-associated encephalopathy in albino mice for 7 days. Mice were divided into 4 groups: Negative control, morin, septic, and septic morin-treated mice. Sepsis was induced by a single injection of lipopolysaccharides (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), morin (50 mg/kg b. wt.) was given orally, starting from 5 h after sepsis induction, then daily for 4 other days. Morin ameliorated septic structural and functional alternations as manifested by improving the survival rate, the behavioral functions, in addition to preserving and protecting the brain tissue. This was accompanied with the augmentation of the total antioxidant capacity, as well as the suppression of tissue levels of the lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde, apoptosis (cleaved-caspase-3), glial fibrillary acidic protein, and the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor. In conclusion, morin has a promising ameliorative effect to counteract the sepsis-associated encephalopathy via its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and to prevent the associated cognitive impairments."
396,brain tumour,39548664,"ONC201 (Dordaviprone): review of evidence to date in diffuse midline glioma, hope or hype?",No abstract found
397,brain tumour,39548629,Management of high grade primary cerebellar tumours.,"Cerebellar high-grade gliomas (cHGG) are uncommon in adults, making up only about 1% of all high-grade gliomas. These tumours differ from supratentorial high-grade gliomas (sHGG) in terms of epidemiology, molecular traits, and the age of the patients. cHGG patients are typically younger and show a higher frequency of neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) mutations, atypical RAS mutations, and H3K27M mutations. Standard treatment includes surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiation. Recent studies emphasize the genetic differences between cerebellar and supratentorial tumours, with new treatments targetting specific molecular abnormalities. Immunotherapy has shown limited effectiveness due to the unique tumour environment in cHGG, and further research is required to improve treatment strategies for these rare tumours."
398,brain tumour,39548559,Comprehensive mapping of somatotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumour heterogeneity using spatial and single-cell transcriptomics.,Pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs) are common intracranial tumours that are highly heterogeneous with unpredictable growth patterns. The driver genes and mechanisms that are crucial for tumour progression in somatotroph PitNETs are poorly understood.
399,brain tumour,39548496,Single-cell transcriptomics link gene expression signatures to clinicopathological features of gonadotroph and lactotroph PitNET.,"Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) are among the most common intracranial tumors. Despite a frequent benign course, aggressive behavior can occur. Tumor behavior is known to be under the influence of the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the relationship between TME cells and aggressive tumor behavior has not been adequately explored in PitNET."
400,brain tumour,39548214,The normalization trend of ventricular morphology after lateral ventricular tumor resection without additional diversion.,"Intraventricular tumors frequently provoke alterations in ventricular morphology. This study aims to quantificational assess perioperative dynamic fluctuations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume within the lateral ventricles of patients harboring lateral ventricular tumors. A retrospective review encompassing 90 patients who underwent surgical intervention for lateral ventricular tumors at our institution was undertaken. Comprehensive observations at multiple perioperative time points were conducted, and LVCV analyses were performed to delineate the longitudinal dynamic alterations in ventricular morphology. Additionally, LVCV measurements were juxtaposed with data from 19 healthy subjects to stratify patients into two cohorts: those exhibiting preoperative increased LVCV and those without such changes. After surgical excision of intraventricular tumors, alterations in LVCV were compared between these cohorts, with a factor analysis undertaken specifically among patients demonstrating increased LVCV to elucidate potential influencing variables. 40 patients (44.4%) diagnosed with intraventricular tumors presenting with enlarged preoperative LVCV [74.6 (49.3-101.8) cm"
401,brain tumour,39548081,Amantadine against glioma via ROS-mediated apoptosis and autophagy arrest.,"Glioma is a common primary nervous system malignant tumor with poor overall cure rate and low survival rate, yet successful treatment still remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrated that amantadine (AMT) exhibits the powerful anti-glioma effect by promoting apoptosis and autophagy in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, amantadine induces a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in glioma cells, and then triggers apoptosis by destroying mitochondria. In addition, amantadine induces the initiation of autophagy and inhibits the fusion of autophagosome and lysosome, consequently performing an anti-glioma role. Taken together, our findings suggest that amantadine could be a promising anti-glioma drug that inhibits glioma cells by inducing apoptosis and autophagy, which may provide a novel potential treatment option for patients."
402,brain tumour,39548074,Identification of PDLIM1 as a glioblastoma stem cell marker driving tumorigenesis and chemoresistance.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis, largely due to the presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). These cells drive tumor progression, recurrence, and chemoresistance, making them critical targets for therapy. This study aims to identify novel GSC markers for improved diagnosis and targeted treatment. We utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA-seq data to identify PDLIM1 as a novel GSC marker. PDLIM1 was specifically expressed in GSCs and was associated with poor prognosis and advanced tumor stages. Functional assays demonstrated that PDLIM1 overexpression enhanced GBM cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis, increased GSC proportions, and promoted chemoresistance and tumorigenesis. Conversely, PDLIM1 knockdown inhibited these processes. Mechanistically, PDLIM1 was found to exert its effects likely by promoting the PI3K-AKT pathway. In conclusion, PDLIM1 may serve as a potential marker of GSCs associated with poor prognosis, tumorigenesis, and chemoresistance in GBM, representing a potential therapeutic target for improving GBM patient outcomes."
403,brain tumour,39547797,Treatment of intracranial hypertension secondary to superior sagittal sinus stenosis from invasive meningioma.,"Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is characterized by elevated intracranial pressure without a clear cause, often linked to cerebral venous sinus constriction from embryological or acquired factors. Although less common, brain tumors like parasagittal meningiomas can compress the superior sagittal sinus, leading to IIH. Venous stenting has become a minimally invasive and effective intervention for managing IIH caused by superior sagittal sinus stenosis, particularly when residual meningiomas continue to exert pressure on the sinus.1-6Video 1 presents a step-by-step technique for deploying dual Onyx cardiac stents to treat stenosis in the superior sagittal sinus, which is complemented by middle meningeal artery embolization. This helps to reduce the vascular supply to the remaining meningioma tissue. This combined approach not only provides immediate relief from IIH symptoms but also minimizes surgical risks, such as venous infarction and excessive blood loss. It serves as a valuable adjunct in cases where complete surgical tumor removal is challenging.neurintsurg;jnis-2024-022602v1/V1F1V1Video 1- Techinical video of a case of superior sagittal sinus stenosis from an invasive meningioma causing intracranial hypertension successfully treated with a coronary balloon mounted stent."
404,brain tumour,39547253,Hypothalamic obesity: from basic mechanisms to clinical perspectives.,"Despite the diverse nature of obesity, there is compelling genetic, clinical, and experimental evidence that endorses the important contribution of brain circuits to this condition. The hypothalamus contains major regulatory circuits for bodyweight homoeostasis, the deregulation of which can lead to obesity. Although functional perturbation of hypothalamic pathways could lie at the basis of common forms of obesity, the term hypothalamic obesity has been created to define those rare forms of severe obesity where a clear hypothalamic substrate can be identified, either of genetic or acquired origin. An in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and therapeutic targets of hypothalamic obesity relies on the comprehension of the physiological basis of hypothalamic pathways governing bodyweight control, the mechanisms (either genetic or acquired) whereby they are perturbed, and the consequences of such perturbation. In this Review, we provide a synoptic overview of hypothalamic obesity, from basic mechanisms to clinical perspectives, with a major focus on current developments and new avenues for the diagnosis and precise treatment of these rare forms of obesity."
405,brain tumour,39547222,PRDX6 dictates ferroptosis sensitivity by directing cellular selenium utilization.,"Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is the guardian of ferroptosis, preventing unrestrained (phospho)lipid peroxidation by reducing phospholipid hydroperoxides (PLOOH). However, the contribution of other phospholipid peroxidases in ferroptosis protection remains unclear. We show that cells lacking GPX4 still exhibit substantial PLOOH-reducing capacity, suggesting a contribution of alternative PLOOH peroxidases. By scrutinizing potential candidates, we found that although overexpression of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), a thiol-specific antioxidant enzyme with reported PLOOH-reducing activity, failed to prevent ferroptosis, its genetic loss sensitizes cancer cells to ferroptosis. Mechanistically, we uncover that PRDX6, beyond its known peroxidase activity, acts as a selenium-acceptor protein, facilitating intracellular selenium utilization and efficient selenium incorporation into selenoproteins, including GPX4. Its physiological significance was demonstrated by reduced GPX4 expression in Prdx6-deficient mouse brains and increased sensitivity to ferroptosis in PRDX6-deficient tumor xenografts in mice. Our study highlights PRDX6 as a critical player in directing cellular selenium utilization and dictating ferroptosis sensitivity."
406,brain tumour,39546438,[Primary central nervous system lymphoma in immunocompetent patient: A case report].,"Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an extranodal lymphoid neoplasm that affects the brain, spinal cord, leptomeninges or the vitreous-retina space, without systemic involvement. It represents 3% of CNS tumors predominantly in the context of immunosuppression (HIV infection, post-transplant). The clinical presentation and radiological findings are highly variable, representing a diagnostic challenge especially in immunocompetent patients. Its prognosis is unfavorable despite the high response to initial treatment."
407,brain tumour,39546176,Constructing and exploring neuroimaging projects: a survey from clinical practice to scientific research.,"Over the past decades, numerous large-scale neuroimaging projects that involved the collection and release of multimodal data have been conducted globally. Distinguished initiatives such as the Human Connectome Project, UK Biobank, and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, among others, stand as remarkable international collaborations that have significantly advanced our understanding of the brain. With the advancement of big data technology, changes in healthcare models, and continuous development in biomedical research, various types of large-scale projects are being established and promoted worldwide. For project leaders, there is a need to refer to common principles in project construction and management. Users must also adhere strictly to rules and guidelines, ensuring data safety and privacy protection. Organizations must maintain data integrity, protect individual privacy, and foster stakeholders' trust. Regular updates to legislation and policies are necessary to keep pace with evolving technologies and emerging data-related challenges. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: By reviewing global large-scale neuroimaging projects, we have summarized the standards and norms for establishing and utilizing their data, and provided suggestions and opinions on some ethical issues, aiming to promote higher-quality neuroimaging data development. KEY POINTS: Global neuroimaging projects are increasingly advancing but still face challenges. Constructing and utilizing neuroimaging projects should follow set rules and guidelines. Effective data management and governance should be developed to support neuroimaging projects."
408,brain tumour,39546148,Innovations in intraoperative therapies in neurosurgical oncology: a narrative review.,"High-grade gliomas (HGG) represent the most aggressive primary brain tumors in adults, characterized by high recurrence rates due to incomplete resection. This review explores the effectiveness of emerging intraoperative therapies that may extend survival by targeting residual tumor cells. The main research question addressed is: What recent intraoperative techniques show promise for complementing surgical resection in HGG treatment?"
409,brain tumour,39546075,Radiotherapy in patients with brain metastases with and without concomitant immunotherapy: comparison of patient outcome and neurotoxicity.,"Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been added to the treatment of brain metastases. While combining radiotherapy and ICI can enhance therapeutic effects, it might also increase the risk of severe autoimmune adverse events. This retrospective study aims to compare treatment responses and neurotoxicity in patients treated with radiotherapy alone versus those receiving a combination of radiotherapy and ICI."
410,brain tumour,39546033,Virtual reality for patient informed consent in skull base tumors and intracranial vascular pathologies: A pilot study.,"With the growing demand for shared decision-making and patient-centered care, optimal informed consent (IC) has gained relevance. Virtual reality (VR) has seen significant technological advancements, and its medical applications currently include surgical planning and medical education. This pilot study investigates the feasibility of VR-enhanced informed consent (VR-IC) in neurosurgery to improve preoperative IC and patient satisfaction."
411,brain tumour,39546020,Real-time intraoperative ultrasound imaging of the posterior pituitary gland during endoscopic endonasal approach.,"Pituitary adenomas are amongst the most common benign central nervous system tumors, and often require resection via an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA). Two of the most common associated complications are central diabetes insipidus (DI) and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Both are thought to be caused by manipulation of the posterior pituitary gland (PPG), making intraoperative visualization and preservation of this structure critical. Intraoperative endoscopic endonasal ultrasound (IEUS) may present an optimal tool for this purpose. This study aims to describe the appearance and morphology of the PPG on IEUS."
412,brain tumour,39545766,Tumor-derived EBV-miR-BART2-5p promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis by inducing pre-metastatic endothelial cell pyroptosis.,"Extravasation is a key step in tumor metastasis. Epstein‒Barr virus (EBV) plays a crucial role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metastasis. However, the functions and molecular mechanisms of EBV during tumor cell extravasation remains unclear. Here, we showed that the expression of pyroptosis-associated proteins is greater in the endothelial cells of metastatic NPC tissues than in those of nontumor tissues Exosomes derived from NPC cells promoted endothelial cell pyroptosis, vascular permeability, and tumor cell extravasation. Moreover, we found that BART2-5p is abundant in serum exosomes from NPC patients with metastasis and NPC cells, and that it regulates endothelial cell pyroptosis in pre-metastatic organs via MRE11A. Exosomes containing a BART2-5p inhibitor and AAV-MRE11A attenuated endothelial cell pyroptosis and tumor metastasis. Moreover, in the endothelial cells of metastatic tissues from NPC patients, the BART2-5p level was positively associated with pyroptosis-related protein expression. Collectively, our findings suggest that exosomal BART2-5p is involved in pre-metastatic niche formation, identifying secreted BART2-5p as a potential therapeutic target for NPC metastasis. Implications: The finding that secreted BART2-5p is involved in pre-metastatic niche formation may aid the development of potential therapeutic target for NPC metastasis."
413,brain tumour,39545622,Innovative drug delivery strategies for targeting glioblastoma: overcoming the challenges of the tumor microenvironment.,"- Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) presents a challenging endeavor in therapeutic management because of its highly aggressive tumor microenvironment(TME). This complex TME, characterized by hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, immunosuppression, stromal barriers, increased interstitial fluid pressure and the presence of the blood-brain barrier(BBB), frequently compromises the efficacy of promising therapeutic strategies. Consequently, a deeper understanding of the TME and the development of innovative methods to overcome its associated challenges are essential for improving treatment outcomes in GBM."
414,brain tumour,39545524,Gliosarcoma: A Multi-Institutional Analysis on Clinical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors.,This study describes oncological outcomes and investigates prognostic factors for patients with gliosarcomas (GSM).
415,brain tumour,39545414,Lactate reprograms glioblastoma immunity through CBX3-regulated histone lactylation.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive brain malignancy with a cellular hierarchy dominated by GBM stem cells (GSCs), evades antitumor immunity through mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. Like most cancers, GBMs undergo metabolic reprogramming toward glycolysis to generate lactate. Here, we show that lactate production by patient-derived GSCs and microglia/macrophages induces tumor cell epigenetic reprogramming through histone lactylation, an activating modification that leads to immunosuppressive transcriptional programs and suppression of phagocytosis via transcriptional upregulation of CD47, a ""don't eat me"" signal, in GBM cells. Leveraging these findings, pharmacologic targeting of lactate production augments efficacy of anti-CD47 therapy. Mechanistically, lactylated histone interacts with the heterochromatin component chromobox protein homolog 3 (CBX3). Although CBX3 does not possess direct lactyltransferase activity, CBX3 binds histone acetyltransferase (HAT) EP300 to induce increased EP300 substrate specificity toward lactyl-CoA and a transcriptional shift toward an immunosuppressive cytokine profile. Targeting CBX3 inhibits tumor growth by both tumor cell-intrinsic mechanisms and increased tumor cell phagocytosis. Collectively, these results suggest that lactate mediates metabolism-induced epigenetic reprogramming in GBM that contributes to CD47-dependent immune evasion, which can be leveraged to augment efficacy of immuno-oncology therapies."
416,brain tumour,39545320,Seizure Burden and Clinical Risk Factors in Glioma-Related Epilepsy: Insights From MRI Voxel-Based Lesion-Symptom Mapping.,Epilepsy is the most common preoperative symptom in patients with supratentorial gliomas. Identifying tumor locations and clinical factors associated with preoperative epilepsy is important for understanding seizure risk.
417,brain tumour,39545261,Intrauterine inoculation of pseudorabies virus impairs mouse embryo implantation via inducing inflammation and apoptosis in endometrium.,"Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is the pathogenic agent of pseudorabies, causing serious reproductive failure in swine. However, it is still unknown whether PRV uterine inoculation impairs blastocyst implantation. In the present study, a PRV infection mouse model was developed. Pregnant mice were inoculated with either 10"
418,brain tumour,39545189,Therapeutic effect of nimustine in a dog with intracranial histiocytic sarcoma.,"Intracranial histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is uncommon in dogs, and no standard treatment has yet been defined for this disease. Herein, we describe a case of intracranial HS that responded favorably to nimustine treatment."
419,brain tumour,39545092,Development of a biocompatible 3D hydrogel scaffold using continuous liquid interface production for the delivery of cell therapies to treat recurrent glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor diagnosed in adults, carrying with it an extremely poor prognosis and limited options for effective treatment. Various cell therapies have emerged as promising candidates for GBM treatment but fail in the clinic due to poor tumor trafficking, poor transplantation efficiency, and high systemic toxicity. In this study, we design, characterize, and test a 3D-printed cell delivery platform that can enhance the survival of therapeutic cells implanted in the GBM resection cavity. Using continuous liquid interface production (CLIP) to generate a biocompatible 3D hydrogel, we demonstrate that we can effectively seed neural stem cells (NSCs) onto the surface of the hydrogel, and that the cells can proliferate to high densities when cultured for 14 days "
420,brain tumour,39544944,Insights into the historical trajectory and research trends of immune checkpoint blockade in colorectal cancer: visualization and bibliometric analysis.,"Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor that poses a significant threat to human health due to rising incidence and mortality rates. In recent years, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, represented by Programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), and others, has been widely applied in CRC and has achieved encouraging results in some patients and has become a hot topic in both clinical and basic research."
421,brain tumour,39544364,Transglutaminase 2 in breast cancer metastasis and drug resistance.,"Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a widely distributed multifunctional protein with various enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities. It is becoming increasingly evident that high levels of TG2 in tumors induce the occurrence of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the acquisition of stem cell-like phenotypes, promoting tumor metastasis and drug resistance. By regulating intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways, TG2 promotes breast cancer metastasis to lung, brain, liver and bone, as well as resistance to various chemotherapy drugs including docetaxel, doxorubicin, platinum and neratinib. More importantly, recent studies described the involvement of TG2 in PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors resistance. An in-depth understanding of the role that TG2 plays in the progression of metastasis and drug resistance will offer new therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment. This review covers the extensive and rapidly growing field of the role of TG2 in breast cancer. Based on the role of TG2 in EMT, we summarize TG2-related signaling pathways in breast cancer metastasis and drug resistance and discuss TG2 as a therapeutic target."
422,brain tumour,39544341,"Hyperspectral imaging in neurosurgery: a review of systems, computational methods, and clinical applications.","Accurate identification between pathologic (e.g., tumors) and healthy brain tissue is a critical need in neurosurgery. However, conventional surgical adjuncts have significant limitations toward achieving this goal (e.g., image guidance based on pre-operative imaging becomes inaccurate up to 3 cm as surgery proceeds). Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has emerged as a potential powerful surgical adjunct to enable surgeons to accurately distinguish pathologic from normal tissues."
423,brain tumour,39544322,Activation of the Innate Immune System in Brain-Dead Donors Can Be Reduced by Luminal Intestinal Preservation During Organ Procurement Surgery - A Porcine Model.,"Organs obtained from brain dead donors can have suboptimal outcomes. Activation of the innate immune system and translocation of intestinal bacteria could be causative. Thirty two pigs were assigned to control, brain death (BD), BD + luminal intestinal polyethylene glycol (PEG), and BD + luminal intestinal University of Wisconsin solution (UW) groups. Animals were observed for 360 min after BD before organ retrieval. 2,000 mL luminal intestinal preservation solution was instilled into the duodenum at the start of organ procurement. Repeated measurements of plasma C3a, Terminal Complement Complex (TCC), IL-8, TNF, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein were analysed by immunoassays. C3a was significantly higher in the BD groups compared to controls at 480 min after brain death. TCC was significantly higher in BD and BD + UW, but not BD + PEG, compared to controls at 480 min. TNF was significantly higher in the BD group compared to all other groups at 480 min. LPS binding protein increased following BD in all groups except BD + PEG, which at 480 min was significantly lower compared with all other groups. Brain death induced innate immune system activation was decreased by luminal preservation using PEG during organ procurement, possibly due to reduced bacterial translocation."
424,brain tumour,39544231,Clinical features of pituitary carcinoma: analysis based on a case report and literature review.,"Pituitary carcinoma (PC) is an extremely rare tumor of the adenohypophysis, which manifests as craniospinal dissemination and/or systemic metastasis. The diagnosis of PC is particularly difficult, as the clinical diagnosis only can be made after the metastasis is found. Owing to the complex diagnostic process and less effective treatments, the clinical prognosis of PC is usually very poor. Hence, it is of great significance to illustrate the diagnosis and treatment course of PC."
425,brain tumour,39544176,Improving Deep Learning Models for Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma Tumours Molecular Subtype Identification Using MRI-based 3D Probability Distributions of Tumour Location.,
426,brain tumour,39543872,Unraveling Glioblastoma: TME Implication and Gene Therapy Advances.,"Glioblastoma is a malignant manifestation of a solid brain tumour with a very dismal prognosis due to an overall median survival of 14 months. The currently administered Standard treatment plan, the STUPP regimen, is not very effective in tackling this neoplasia. A major concern that affects the development of new drug formulations, specifically for Glioma, is the inherent sub-clonal heterogeneity, which includes the dynamic and intricate nature of the Tumour Microenvironment (TME). Targeting the cellular niche using personalized medication for glioma specifically gene therapy, seems to be promising, with most studies in preclinical models yielding optimistic results. This paper analyses the great headways made in glioma gene therapy in the last 10 years while looking into different therapeutic strategies. That said, certain challenges do plague the clinical use of gene therapy which have been highlighted in the hopes that future researchers will address these concerns and further propel gene therapy in its journey from the Lab to the bedside."
427,brain tumour,39543846,The risk of venous thromboembolism in adult patients with diffuse glioma: a nationwide population-based study.,"Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a cause of increased morbidity and risk of death. Studies report VTE in up to 30% of glioma patients but the results vary. The VTE risk is relevant when evaluating prophylaxis to avoid unnecessary bleeding or overdiagnosis. This study examines the VTE incidence in patients with glioma WHO grade 2-4, and when VTE occurred, risk factors, and overall survival (OS) for patients with WHO grade 4."
428,brain tumour,39543740,Proton beam therapy for craniopharyngioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,Craniopharyngioma is a rare and slow-growing benign sellar or parasellar epithelial tumor. The number of patients receiving proton beam therapy (PBT) has increased. This study aimed to systematically evaluate and analyze the comprehensive evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of PBT for craniopharyngioma.
429,brain tumour,39543706,The impact of Prophylactic cranial irradiation on the prognosis of patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer in the MRI era.,To evaluate the impact of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) on the prognosis of patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in the era of MRI surveillance.
430,brain tumour,39543652,QSPRpred: a Flexible Open-Source Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship Modelling Tool.,"Building reliable and robust quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models is a challenging task. First, the experimental data needs to be obtained, analyzed and curated. Second, the number of available methods is continuously growing and evaluating different algorithms and methodologies can be arduous. Finally, the last hurdle that researchers face is to ensure the reproducibility of their models and facilitate their transferability into practice. In this work, we introduce QSPRpred, a toolkit for analysis of bioactivity data sets and QSPR modelling, which attempts to address the aforementioned challenges. QSPRpred's modular Python API enables users to intuitively describe different parts of a modelling workflow using a plethora of pre-implemented components, but also integrates customized implementations in a ""plug-and-play"" manner. QSPRpred data sets and models are directly serializable, which means they can be readily reproduced and put into operation after training as the models are saved with all required data pre-processing steps to make predictions on new compounds directly from SMILES strings. The general-purpose character of QSPRpred is also demonstrated by inclusion of support for multi-task and proteochemometric modelling. The package is extensively documented and comes with a large collection of tutorials to help new users. In this paper, we describe all of QSPRpred's functionalities and also conduct a small benchmarking case study to illustrate how different components can be leveraged to compare a diverse set of models. QSPRpred is fully open-source and available at https://github.com/CDDLeiden/QSPRpred .Scientific ContributionQSPRpred aims to provide a complex, but comprehensive Python API to conduct all tasks encountered in QSPR modelling from data preparation and analysis to model creation and model deployment. In contrast to similar packages, QSPRpred offers a wider and more exhaustive range of capabilities and integrations with many popular packages that also go beyond QSPR modelling. A significant contribution of QSPRpred is also in its automated and highly standardized serialization scheme, which significantly improves reproducibility and transferability of models."
431,brain tumour,39543363,Single-cell transcriptomic landscape deciphers olfactory neuroblastoma subtypes and intra-tumoral heterogeneity.,"Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare malignancy known to originate from the olfactory epithelium. The complex tumor ecosystem of this pathology remains unclear. Here, we explored the cellular components within ten ONB tumors and one olfactory mucosa sample based on single-cell RNA profiles. We showed the intra-tumoral heterogeneity by identifying five unique expression programs among malignant epithelial cells. A distinct three-classification system (neural, basal, mesenchymal) for ONB was established according to the distinguished gene expression patterns. Biomarkers for categorizing bulk tumors into uncharacterized subtypes were elucidated. Different responses towards certain chemotherapy regimens could be cautiously inferred according to the molecular features representing the three tumor types, thus helping with precision chemotherapy. We also analyzed subclusters of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the interactions among different cell types within the TME. The relative abundance of immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages suggests potential benefits of immunotherapies targeting macrophages."
432,brain tumour,39543257,"Synthesis and effect of 4-acetylphenylamine-based imidazole derivatives on migration and growth of 3D cultures of breast, prostate and brain cancer cells.","In this study, we have synthesized novel 4-acetophenone moiety-bearing functionalized imidazole derivatives containing S-, and N-ethyl substituents and evaluated their anticancer activity. Their anticancer activity was studied against human breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231), human prostate carcinoma (PPC-1), and human glioblastoma (U-87). Compounds 4, 9, 14, and 22 were identified as the most promising anticancer agents from a series of imidazole derivatives. They showed the highest cytotoxicity by MTT assay against MDA-MB-231, PPC-1 and U-87 cell lines. Compounds 14 and 22 were most selective against PPC-1 and U-87 cell lines, and their EC"
433,brain tumour,39543155,AI tool for predicting MGMT methylation in glioblastoma for clinical decision support in resource limited settings.,"Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain cancer with a poor prognosis. The O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene methylation status is crucial for treatment stratification, yet economic constraints often limit access. This study aims to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) framework for predicting MGMT methylation. Diagnostic magnetic resonance (MR) images in public repositories were used for training. The algorithm created was validated in data from a single institution. All images were segmented according to widely used guidelines for radiotherapy planning and combined with clinical evaluations from neuroradiology experts. Radiomic features and clinical impressions were extracted, tabulated, and used for modeling. Feature selection methods were used to identify relevant phenotypes. A total of 100 patients were used for training and 46 for validation. A total of 343 features were extracted. Eight feature selection methods produced seven independent predictive frameworks. The top-performing ML model was a model post-Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) feature selection reaching accuracy (ACC) of 0.82, an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81, a recall of 0.75, and a precision of 0.75. This study demonstrates that integrating clinical and radiotherapy-derived AI-driven phenotypes can predict MGMT methylation. The framework addresses constraints that limit molecular diagnosis access."
434,brain tumour,39543084,Repurposing flubendazole for glioblastoma ferroptosis by affecting xCT and TFRC proteins.,"New uses of old drugs hold great promise for clinical translation. Flubendazole, an FDA-approved antiparasitic drug, has been shown to target p53 and promote apoptosis in glioblastoma (GBM) cells. However, its damaging mechanism in GBM remains elusive. Herein, we explored the ferroptosis-inducing ability of flubendazole on GBM cells. After treating glioma cell lines U251 and LN229 with the flubendazole (DMSO <1‰), cell viability was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner (IC"
435,brain tumour,39543075,Berberine-loaded iron oxide nanoparticles alleviate cuprizone-induced astrocytic reactivity in a rat model of multiple sclerosis.,"Berberine (BBN) is a naturally occurring alkaloid as a secondary metabolite in many plants and exhibits several benefits including neuroprotective activities. However, data on the neuromodulating potential of nanoformulated BBN are still lacking. In the present study, BBN loaded within iron oxide nanoparticles (BBN-IONP) were prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy particle-size distribution, zeta potential, and HPLC. The remyelinating neuroprotective potential of BBN-IONP relative to free BBN was evaluated against cuprizone (CPZ)-induced neurotoxicity (rats administered 0.2% CPZ powder (w/w) for five weeks). CPZ rats were treated with either free BBN or IONP-BBN (50 mg/kg/day, orally) for 14 days. Cognitive function was estimated using Y-maze. Biochemically, total antioxidant capacity lipid peroxides and reduced glutathione in the brain tissue, as well as, serum interferon-gamma levels were estimated. Moreover, the genetic expression contents of myelin basic protein Matrix metallopeptidase-9 Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and S100β were measured. The histopathological patterns and immunohistochemical assessment of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in both cerebral cortex and hippocampus CA1 regions were investigated. CPZ-rats treated with either free BBN or IONP-BBN demonstrated memory restoring, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-astrocytic, and remyelinating activities. Comparing free BBN with IONP-BBN revealed that the latter altered the neuromodulating activities of BBN, showing superior neuroprotective activities of IONP-BBN relative to BBN. In conclusion, both forms of BBN possess neuroprotective potential. However, the use of IONPs for brain delivery and the safety of these nano-based forms need further investigation."
436,brain tumour,39543051,Association between tumor location and toxicity outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases.,Toxicities associated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are important when considering treatment and supportive management for patients with brain metastases. We herein assessed the association between brain metastasis location and risk of toxicity after SRS.
437,brain tumour,39542911,Visualizing the association between the location and prognosis of isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type glioblastoma: a voxel-wise Cox regression analysis with open-source datasets.,This study examined the correlation between tumor location and prognosis in patients with glioblastoma using magnetic resonance images of various isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioblastomas from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). The relationship between tumor location and prognosis was visualized using voxel-wise Cox regression analysis.
438,brain tumour,39542908,"Endonasal surgery high-risk carotid injury timeout checklist: implementation, institutional protocol and experience.","Carotid artery injury is a rare, but major complication of endonasal operations. The morbidity and mortality of such a complication can be mitigated by preparedness and a clear plan set in place to address the hemorrhage expeditiously. This study examines the implementation of such a carotid injury timeout checklist and demonstrates its effectiveness in a patient with possible arterial injury."
439,brain tumour,39542725,Development and Evaluation of Automated Artificial Intelligence-Based Brain Tumor Response Assessment in Patients with Glioblastoma.,"To develop and evaluate an automated, AI-based, volumetric brain tumor MRI response assessment algorithm on a large cohort of patients treated at a high-volume brain tumor center."
440,brain tumour,39542552,Supramarginal Resection of Glioblastoma: A Review.,"This article discusses the evidence supporting the resection of glioblastoma beyond the borders of contrast-enhancing tumor. While several techniques for this have been described, including a so-called FLAIRectomy, lobectomy, or via the use of adjuncts such as fluorescence or intraoperative MRI, the optimal extent of additional resection has yet to be established. Many authors have noted a survival benefit with supramarginal resection without significant additional morbidity."
441,brain tumour,39542521,Complete Remission of Dural-Based Leptomeningeal Metastasis in Patient With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Osimertinib.,"We report complete remission of dural-based leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) in an 80-year-old female patient with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by osimertinib. She was diagnosed with NSCLC (adenocarcinoma, T4N3M1a) 8 years ago. Mutation analysis of biopsied tissue revealed exon 19 deletion positive, and gefitinib was prescribed. Follow-up chest CT showed a radiological response, and whole-body positron emission tomography 3 years later revealed the disappearance of the previous high-uptake lesions. The medication was continued for maintenance but stopped 4 years later due to intolerable dermatitis. Two years after discontinuing chemotherapy, the patient had a gait disturbance, and brain MRI revealed a right cerebellar mass (diameter [d]=3 cm) with peritumoral edema, compatible with solitary brain metastasis. Retromastoid suboccipital craniotomy and gross total removal of the dura-attached lesion were performed. As the systemic cancer status evaluation revealed no radiological cancer lesion, only tumor bed radiation therapy was given (4,000 cGy/10 fractions) without re-introducing gefitinib. She was followed with a brain MRI at 6-month intervals, and a brain MRI 2 years postoperatively revealed a dural-based extra-axial mass in the left prepontine cistern (d=2.2 cm). Serial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology was positive for cancer cells. Upon LM diagnosis, the third-generation receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor osimertinib was given. Two-month follow-up CSF cytology and five consecutive tests over 14 months demonstrated negative conversion. Five-month follow-up brain MRI revealed near complete remission of dural-based LM, and the response was maintained until the 13-month follow-up brain MRI."
442,brain tumour,39542520,The Inflammatory Characteristics of Symptomatic Glioma Associated With Poor Prognosis and Chemoresistance via Tumor Necrosis Factor Signaling Pathway.,"Among gliomas, the most common primary malignant brain tumor, incidental gliomas account for 2.5%-5% of cases. The controversy over whether to pursue immediate treatment or adopt a wait-and-see approach remains, and more molecular and immunological evidence is needed for definitive treatment decisions."
443,brain tumour,39542519,Clinical Experiences Using CyberKnife for Large-Volume Meningiomas: A Preliminary Study.,"This preliminary study evaluates the safety and efficacy of CyberKnife radiosurgery (CKRS) for large-volume meningiomas (≥10 cm³), where surgical options may be limited due to tumor location or patient health conditions."
444,brain tumour,39542518,Determination of Optimal Treatment Plan for Papillary Tumor of the Pineal Region: Case Series With Literature Review.,"Papillary tumor of the pineal region (PTPR) is a rare neuroepithelial tumor with Central Nervous System (CNS) World Health Organization (WHO) grade II or III classification. Due to its rarity, there is no clear census on treatment. The purpose of this study is to identify the optimal treatment plan focused on extending overall survival (OS)."
445,brain tumour,39542517,Lymphodepletion in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors: A Focus on Brain Tumors.,"Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, which has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in hematologic malignancies, is being extended to the treatment of refractory solid tumors, including brain tumors. Lymphodepletion (LD) is an essential preconditioning process that enhances CAR-T efficacy by promoting CAR-T cell expansion and persistence in the body, and has become a standard regimen for hematologic cancers. Recent clinical results of CAR-T therapy for solid tumors, including brain tumors, have shown that cyclophosphamide/fludarabine-based preconditioning has potential benefits and is gradually becoming adopted in solid tumor CAR-T trials. Furthermore, some CAR-T trials for solid tumors are attempting to develop LD regimens optimized specifically for solid tumors, distinct from the standard LD regimens used in hematologic cancers. In contrast, CAR-T therapy targeting brain tumors frequently employs locoregionally repeated administration in tumors or cerebrospinal fluid, resulting in less frequent use of LD compared to other solid tumors. Nevertheless, several clinical studies suggest that LD may still provide potential benefits for CAR-T expansion and improvement in clinical responses in systemic CAR-T administration. The studies presented in this review suggest that while LD can be beneficial for enhancing CAR-T efficacy, considerations must be made regarding its compatibility with the CAR-T administration route, potential excessive activation based on CAR-T structural characteristics, and target expression in normal organs. Additionally, given the unique characteristics of brain tumors, optimized selection of LD agents, as well as dosing and regimens, may be required, highlighting the need for further research."
446,brain tumour,39542516,Reckless Political Maneuver Ruins Korean Healthcare System.,No abstract found
447,brain tumour,39542501,Vanishing bile duct syndrome: a sequela of temozolomide and levetiracetam-induced cholestatic liver injury.,"Temozolomide (TMZ)-levetiracetam (LEV) combination therapy in glioblastoma management is gradually becoming a mainstay treatment given its superior effect compared with TMZ monotherapy. While there have been previous cases of hepatotoxicity, there are no prior reports of vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS) associated with TMZ-LEV combination use. This case report details a male in his 50s who had recently completed TMZ and LEV for right frontal lobe glioblastoma. He presented 3 days later with painless jaundice, dark urine and pale stools. Laboratory evaluation was remarkable for marked hyperbilirubinemia and transaminitis. Extensive work up for hepatic and extra-hepatic causes of jaundice was of no yield, thus necessitating a liver biopsy. Liver pathology showed a non-specific histomorphology pattern suggesting drug-induced liver injury and cholestasis with severe ductopenia. VBDS due to TMZ and LEV was diagnosed. The patient followed with the gastroenterology clinic over 6 months for persistently elevated liver function tests before suffering a fatal cardiac arrest."
448,brain tumour,39542399,"PKMζ, a brain-specific PKCζ isoform, is required for glycolysis and myofibroblastic activation of hepatic stellate cells.",TGFβ1 induces plasma membrane (PM) accumulation of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) required for glycolysis of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and HSC activation. This study aimed to understand how Glut1 is anchored/docked onto the PM of HSCs.
449,brain tumour,39542248,CWF19L1 promotes T-cell cytotoxicity through the regulation of alternative splicing.,"Enhancing host anti-tumor immunity is paramount for advancing cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we identify CWF19-like cell cycle control factor 1 (CWF19L1) as a novel splicing regulator that enhances T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. CWF19L1 interacts prominently with key splicing factors within the nucleus, including components of the U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) and the pre-mRNA processing factor 19 (PRPF19) complex. Deficiency of CWF19L1 disrupts alternative splicing of immune-related genes, resulting in diminished expression of cytotoxic molecules. Furthermore, CWF19L1 plays a critical role in promoting T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses by upregulating the expression of effector cytokines. Our findings unveil previously undocumented functions of CWF19L1 in alternative splicing and its involvement in the regulation of anti-tumor immunity, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for novel cancer immunotherapies."
450,brain tumour,39542244,Absence of SMARCB1 in rhabdoid tumor cells increases sensitivity to translation inhibition and alters translation efficiency of specific mRNAs.,"Rhabdoid tumors, characterized and driven by the loss of the mSWI/SNF (mammalian SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable) subunit SMARCB1, are very aggressive childhood cancers that can arise in the brain, the kidney, or soft tissues. Cell lines derived from these tumors are specifically sensitivity to the translation inhibitor homoharringtonin (HHT). Having recently demonstrated mSWI/SNF roles in translation, we assessed SMARCB1 potential roles in translation in rhabdoid tumor cells. We first revealed by cell viability assays that rhabdoid tumor cells' sensitivity to HHT were dependent on the absence of SMARCB1. Polysome profiling and immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated the interaction of SMARCB1 with translation machinery. Global translation assays and ribosome profiling experiments further revealed that SMARCB1 re-expression increased global translation and altered translation efficiency of specific mRNAs. Most regulated mRNAs presented an increased translation efficiency and were involved in differentiation. In comparison with the entire transcriptome, these mRNAs presented a longer coding sequence and were enriched in GC. Finally, we demonstrated that SMARCB1 re-expression increased cytoplasmic localization of these mRNAs and that gene encoding these transcripts were bound by SMARCA4 and SMARCC1. In conclusion, this study reveals that the loss of SMARCB1 in rhabdoid tumors has specific consequences on mRNAs translation with potential to unveil new dependencies."
451,brain tumour,39542050,Euphorbiasteroid induces neurotoxicity through the FOXO/NF-κB/apoptosis signaling pathway.,"Euphorbiasteroid, a bioactive compound from Euphorbia lathyris L., exhibits significant pharmacological effects, including anti-tumor activity and multi-drug resistance reversal. However, its potential neurotoxicity limits its clinical use. This study investigates the neurotoxic effects of euphorbiasteroid and elucidates the underlying mechanisms."
452,brain tumour,39541917,"Epilepsy-surgery for fronto-basal lesions: Management, outcome, and review of literature.","In this study, we isolated a cohort of patients who have refractory epilepsy who underwent surgery with frontobasal focus. This work aimed to develop prognostic factors associated with a better seizure outcome and identify risk factors determining postoperative morbidity."
453,brain tumour,39541602,Dose compensation for decreased biological effective dose due to intrafractional interruption during radiotherapy: integration with a commercial treatment planning system.,
454,brain tumour,39540871,Pharmacokinetic Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of an Optimized CD38-Targeted ,"Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable disease characterized by its clinical and prognostic heterogeneity. Despite conventional chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the management of relapsed and refractory MM disease poses significant challenges, both medically and socioeconomically. CD38, highly expressed on the surface of MM cells, serves as a distinct tumor biological target in MM. Peptides offer advantages over antibodies, enabling precise tumor imaging and facilitating early tumor diagnosis and dynamic immunotherapy monitoring. In this study, we developed PF381, a CD38-targeted peptide, and investigated its role in diagnosis, biodistribution, and dosimetry through "
455,brain tumour,39540724,Fertility Preservation in Postpubertal Males Undergoing Cancer Treatment in a Middle-Income Country: Is it Possible Despite the Barriers?,Increased survival rates in childhood cancer have led to an emphasis on the importance of treatment-related infertility. Fertility preservation methods should be explained to every patient and their families (PaFs) before treatment. Establishing good communication with PaFs is crucial in this regard despite many barriers such as cultural and financial barriers. Routine feasibility of sperm preservation (SP) in adolescent males newly diagnosed with cancer was evaluated after the implementation of reimbursement for the procedure and storage by the national healthcare system.
456,brain tumour,39540380,[Glioblastoma and its interaction with neurogenesis].,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system in adults, with an incidence of 3.23 per 100,000 people. Despite the existence of various therapeutic approaches, the absence of a cure and the unfavorable prognosis persist for this neoplasm, with a median survival of approximately 8-15 months and a 5-year survival rate of 6.9%. In this review, we address the epidemiology, histopathology, molecular characteristics, and treatment of GBM. We highlight the relationship of GBM with the microenvironment in the lateral ventricle wall and the cerebrospinal fluid. The location of GBM in this region results in more aggressive tumors and shorter life expectancy for patients. Understanding the malignancy mechanisms that hinder remission, treatment, and positive prognosis opens the possibility of improving diagnostic and therapeutic interventions against GBM."
457,brain tumour,39540150,Sexual life in adults treated for brain tumors: a retrospective study.,"Sexual functioning is a multifaceted aspect of human life that can be profoundly affected in patients with glioma. Most frequent symptoms include reduced sexual desire, difficulties in sexual arousal, or low satisfaction. Such symptoms may cause distress or interpersonal difficulties, inevitably resulting in negative outcomes on different domains of patients' quality of life. Despite this, sexuality is rarely addressed by medical staff and remains understudied. An important question still unanswered is whether sexual dysfunctions in glioma patients correlate with features of the tumor itself, with its treatment, or with the secondary effects of the tumor on the patient's psychological status. To answer this question, the present study aims to investigate the incidence of sexual life impairments in a very large population of patients with low- and high-grade gliomas, focusing on demographic, clinical, and treatment factors associated with their occurrence and developments."
458,brain tumour,39539970,Stimuli-Responsive Peptide/siRNA Nanoparticles as a Radiation Sensitizer for Glioblastoma Treatment by Co-Inhibiting RELA/P65 and EGFR.,"To develop a novel approach for increasing radiosensitivity in glioblastoma (GBM) by using targeted nanoparticles to deliver siRNA aimed at silencing the EGFR and RELA/P65 genes, which are implicated in radioresistance."
459,brain tumour,39539935,Case report: Pediatric hepatopulmonary syndrome despite strict weight control after craniopharyngioma surgery.,"Childhood-onset craniopharyngiomas, though rare, are intracranial malformations that can cause obesity by disrupting the hypothalamus, a condition that often persists even after tumor resection. This severe obesity increases the risk of diabetes and fatty liver disease in childhood. Concurrently, panhypopituitarism, including growth hormone (GH) deficiency, may develop. Notably, some individuals with GH deficiency may exhibit a normal growth rate, making GH therapy unnecessary for growth purposes. However, in these cases, GH therapy may still be beneficial in preventing the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Although weight management is traditionally considered the gold standard for preventing liver cirrhosis, its effectiveness can be limited by hypothalamic dysfunction and the difficulty of achieving successful weight control. Our case study highlights a patient with normal growth despite GH deficiency, who did not receive GH replacement therapy and continued to struggle with hypothalamic obesity. Despite effective body weight control, the patient developed hepatopulmonary syndrome, indicating that relying solely on weight management may not be sufficient to prevent liver complications. This case underscores the importance of addressing GH deficiency even when growth is normal. Our findings suggest that GH replacement therapy could be beneficial for preventing liver cirrhosis in such cases."
460,brain tumour,39539752,"Peritumoral Brain Zone in Astrocytoma: Morphology, Molecular Aspects, and Clinical Manifestations (Review).","A peritumoral brain zone is an area between a tumor and nontumorous brain tissue with tumor cell infiltration. The identification of this area is sufficiently difficult due to the lack of clear morphological or some other criteria. Besides, its dimensions may vary considerably. In the present review, we have analyzed the available data on the morphological structure and metabolism of peritumoral zone in astrocytomes, and considered the main molecular and genetic aspects and clinical manifestations. Exploration of the peritumoral zone is of great importance for determining the extent of resection to prevent recurrence and to reveal the causes and mechanisms of continued tumor growth."
461,brain tumour,39539750,Stereotactic Photodynamic Therapy of Recurrent Malignant Gliomas.,
462,brain tumour,39539547,Integrated multi-level omics profiling of disulfidptosis identifis SPAG4 as an innovative immunotherapeutic target in glioblastoma.,"To investigate the association between disulfidptosis-related genes (DFRGs) and patient prognosis, while concurrently identifying potential therapeutic targets in glioblastoma (GBM)."
463,brain tumour,39539367,Practical supplements for prevention and management of migraine attacks: a narrative review.,"Migraine is one of the most debilitating neurological disorders that causes frequent attacks of headaches and affects approximately 11% of the global population. Deficient or even insufficient levels of vital nutrients would increase the severity and frequency of migraine attacks. Therefore, we aimed to examine the practical supplements for the prevention and management of migraine attacks."
464,brain tumour,39538257,Transcriptional landscape of the interaction of human Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Glioblastoma in bioprinted co-cultures.,"The interaction between mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and Glioblastoma (GBM), although potentially of the highest importance, is ill-understood. This is due, in part, to the lack of relevant experimental models. The similarity between the in vitro situations and the in vivo situation can be improved by 3D co-culture as it reproduces key cell-cell interactions between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and cancer cells."
465,brain tumour,39538128,pH and Redox Dual-Responsive Nanoparticle with Enhanced Dendritic Cell Maturation for Cancer Therapy.,"Type I interferons (IFNs) are essential for activating dendritic cells (DCs) and presenting tumor-associated antigens to T cells. IFNs are primarily produced from DCs among immune cells. A combination of chemotherapy and metalloimmunotherapy induces IFN production by activating the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway. However, chemotherapeutic agents deplete DC populations, suppressing immunostimulatory activities, despite their potent anticancer activities. Furthermore, an optimal ratio between chemotherapeutic agents and metal for activating DCs at the highest level has not been reported, and evidence for ensuring DC survival is lacking. In this study, we hypothesized that there is an optimal ratio to yield the highest DC maturation and anticancer activity with minimal DC depletion. To demonstrate it, we have designed a pH and redox dual-responsive nanoparticle, MnO"
466,brain tumour,39538039,Outcomes of adjuvant radiation treatment following subtotal resection of world health organization grade II meningiomas.,"Existing literature on adjuvant radiation after subtotal resection (STR) of WHO II meningiomas is limited by heterogenous patient cohorts, combining adjuvant and salvage radiation, gross total resection (GTR) and STR, primary radiation treatment vs. re-treatment, or grade II and III meningiomas, all of which have different expected outcomes. Tumor control estimates in a large homogenous patient cohort are needed to accurately counsel patients."
467,brain tumour,39538038,CAR-engineered NK cells versus CAR T cells in treatment of glioblastoma; strength and flaws.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary brain tumor that carries a grim prognosis. Because of the dearth of treatment options available for treatment of GBM, Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-engineered T cell and Natural Killer (NK) therapy could provide alternative strategies to address the challenges in GBM treatment. In these approaches, CAR T and NK cells are engineered for cancer-specific immunotherapy by recognizing surface antigens independently of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. However, the efficacy of CAR T cells is hindered by GBM's downregulation of its targeted antigens. CAR NK cells face similar challenges, but, in contrast, they offer advantages as off-the-shelf allogeneic products, devoid of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) risk as well as anti-cancer activity beyond CAR specificity, potentially reducing the risk of relapse or resistance. Despite CAR T cell therapies being extensively studied in clinical settings, the use of CAR-modified NK cells in GBM treatment remains largely in the preclinical stage. This review aims to discuss recent advancements in NK cell and CAR T cell therapies for GBM, including methods for introducing CARs into both NK cells and T cells, addressing manufacturing challenges, and providing evidence supporting the efficacy of these approaches from preclinical and early-phase clinical studies. The comprehensive evaluation of CAR-engineered NK cells and CAR T cells seeks to identify the optimal therapeutic approach for GBM, contributing to the development of effective immunotherapies for this devastating disease."
468,brain tumour,39538037,Glioblastoma cells alter brain endothelial cell homeostasis and tight junction protein expression in vitro.,Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive therapy-resistant brain tumour that may impacts the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a protective barrier of the central nervous system formed mainly by endothelial cells. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro effect of GBM cells on the BBB.
469,brain tumour,39538012,Exosome-derived circ-001422 promotes tumor-associated macrophage M2 polarization to accelerate the progression of glioma.,"Cytokines, tumor cells, and tumor-associated macrophages play crucial roles in the composition of glioma tissue. Studies have demonstrated that certain cytokines can induce M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages and contribute to the progression of glioma. Nonetheless, the intricate molecular interactions among cytokines, glioma cells, and tumor-associated macrophages remain largely unexplored. To investigate this cross-talk, a combination of RNA-sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, immunoprecipitation, exosome isolation, and biological experiments were employed. Treatment with IL-6 significantly increased circ-001422 expression in glioma cells. A poorer prognosis was associated with elevated levels of circ-001422 in glioma tissues. Circ-001422 was transcribed directly by STAT3 through binding to its promoter. Circ-001422 exerted cancer-promoting functions when co-cultured with M2 macrophages. Furthermore, glioma cells were found to transfer circ-001422 to macrophages via an exosomal pathway, promoting M2 polarization. Mechanically, circ-001422 interacted with p300, resulting in STAT3 acetylation, thus promoting nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of STAT3/NF-κB and M2 macrophage polarization. In conclusion, glioma cells released exosomes enriched with circ-001422, which in turn induce M2 macrophage polarization by activating the STAT3/NF-κB pathway, thereby enhancing the aggressive characteristics of glioma cells. Targeting circ-001422 may represent a potential therapeutic approach for glioma."
470,brain tumour,39538011,Bioinspired intratumoral infusion port catheter improves local drug delivery in the liver.,"Tumor immune modulation can be achieved using intratumoral injection of different immunomodulators during different phases of the cancer-immunity cycle. Intratumoral infusion catheters have been used in brain tumors, but these are not suitable outside the brain, where breathing motion results in catheter migration. Here, we use microstereolithography to manufacture a barbed sidehole catheter, modeled after the barbs in a bee stinger, where the barbs maintain the catheter position in the tumor, and sideholes within the barbs infuse drug into tumor tissue. In pig liver, we demonstrated 183-fold higher local drug concentration using the barbed sidehole catheter, compared to intravenous injection of water-soluble drug. High resistance sideholes and pulsatile injection both generate higher pressure in the catheter, which overcomes the tissue pressure, resulting in more drug delivery into tumor. A physical model of intratumoral infusion catheters accurately predicts the observed drug delivery results. Our catheter design is retained in the liver (and does not migrate out with breathing motion), and it preferentially infuses the drug into tumor tissue (not intratumoral vessels)."
471,brain tumour,39537921,"Foundation models for fast, label-free detection of glioma infiltration.",A critical challenge in glioma treatment is detecting tumour infiltration during surgery to achieve safe maximal resection
472,brain tumour,39537654,Brain tumor diagnosis in MRI scans images using Residual/Shuffle Network optimized by augmented Falcon Finch optimization.,"Brain tumor diagnosis is an important task in prognosing and treatment planning of the patients with brain cancer. in the meantime, using the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as a commonly used non-invasive imaging technique provide the experts a helpful view for detecting the brain tumors. While deep learning methods have shown significant success in analyzing medical images, they often require careful design of architecture and tuning of hyperparameters to achieve optimal results. This study presents a new approach for diagnosing brain tumors in MRI scans using deep learning, focusing on Residual/Shuffle Networks. The designed network structures offer efficient results when compared to traditional deep learning models. To enhance the proposed network for brain tumor classification, a modified metaheuristic algorithm named Augmented Falcon Finch Optimization (AFFO) is introduced. AFFO utilizes bio-inspired principles to effectively search for the best hyperparameter configurations, thereby enhancing the reliability and accuracy of the deep learning model. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on a standard brain tumor MRI dataset and compared with existing techniques, including ResNet, AlexNet, VGG-16, Inception V3, and U-Net to illustrate the effectiveness of combining Residual/Shuffle Networks with AFFO for brain tumor diagnosis."
473,brain tumour,39537233,The Role of STEAP3 in Pathogenesis of Gliomas: An Independent Prognostic Factor and Regulator of Ferroptosis.,"Gliomas are common intracranial tumors with high malignancy and poor prognosis, classified into glioblastomas (GBM) and low-grade glioma (LGG). However, the regulatory mechanisms of glioma tumorigenesis remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 3 (STEAP3) in glioma prognosis and explore its potential as a therapeutic target, as well as the ferroptosis-related molecular mechanism in progression of gliomas."
474,brain tumour,39537100,Glioblastoma therapy: State of the field and future prospects.,"Glioblastoma (GB) is a cancerous brain tumor that originates from glial cells and leads to thousands of deaths each year and a five-year survival of only 6.8 %. Treatments for GB include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy. GB is an incurable fatal disease, necessitating the development of innovative strategies to find a developing effective therapy. Genetic therapies may be crucial in treating GB by identifying the mutations and amplifications of multiple genes, which drive its proliferation and spread. Use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) provides a novel technology used to suppress the genes associated with disease, which forms a basis for targeted therapy in GB and its stem cell population, which are recognized for their ability to develop resistance to chemotherapy and tumorigenic capabilities. This review examines the use of siRNAs in GB, emphasizing their effectiveness in suppressing key oncogenes and signaling pathways associated with tumor development, invasion, stemness, and resistance to standard treatments. siRNA-based gene silencing is a promising approach for developing targeted therapeutics against GB and associated stem cell populations, potentially enhancing patient outcomes and survival rates in this devastating disease."
475,brain tumour,39536715,TKI resistance in brain metastasis: A CTLA4 state of mind.,"Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in lung cancer brain metastasis (LCBM) remains a clinical challenge. Recently in Cancer Cell, Fu et al. reveal how TKIs reshape the immune microenvironment of LCBM and propose CTLA4 blockade as a promising strategy to overcome resistance."
476,brain tumour,39536714,T cells standing at the gates of brain metastasis.,"Insufficient influx of T cells into the tumor microenvironment, including brain metastasis, dramatically limits efficacy of conventional immunotherapy. In this issue of Immunity, Messmer et al. interrogate spatiotemporal dependencies of melanoma brain metastasis T cell infiltration by intravital microscopy. They find that T cells enter these brain tumors through peritumoral venous vessels and can be stimulated with immunotherapy."
477,brain tumour,39536568,Combining mendelian randomization analysis and network toxicology strategy to identify causality and underlying mechanisms of environmental pollutants with glioblastoma: A study of Methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.,An increasing number of environmental pollutants are associated with human diseases. We explored the mechanisms by which an aromatic small molecule -- Methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (MEP) contribute to the development of glioblastoma (GBM).
478,brain tumour,39536541,MicroRNA-146 family: Molecular insights into their role in regulation of signaling pathways in glioma progression.,"Glioma is a highly lethal brain cancer in humans. Despite advancements in treatment, the prognosis for patients remains unfavorable. Epigenetic factors, along with their interactions and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are crucial in glioma cells' development and aggressive characteristics. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that modulate the expression of various genes by binding to target mRNA molecules. They play a critical role in regulating essential biological mechanisms such as cell proliferation and differentiation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. MiR-146a/miR-146b is a significant and prevalent miRNA whose expression alterations are linked to various pathological changes in cancer cells, as well as the modulation of several cellular signaling pathways, including NF-κB, TGF-β, PI3K/Akt, and Notch-1. Scientists may identify novel targets in clinical settings by studying the complicated link between Mir-146a/mir-146b, drug resistance, molecular pathways, and pharmacological intervention in gliomas. Additionally, its interactions with other ncRNAs, such as circular RNA and long non-coding RNA, contribute to the pathogenesis of glioma. As well as miR-146 holds potential as both a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for patients with this condition. In the current review, we investigate the significance of miRNAs in the context of glioma, with a particular focus on the critical role of Mir-146a/mir-146b in glioma tumors. Additionally, we examined the clinical relevance of this miRNA, highlighting its potential implications for diagnosis and treatment."
479,brain tumour,39536472,Discovering mechanisms of macrophage tissue infiltration with Drosophila.,"Much is known about the importance of macrophages for regulating diverse aspects of organismal physiology, alongside their essential roles in inflammation. Relatively unexplored are the processes influencing macrophages' and monocytes' ability to invade into the tissues where they carry out these functions. Drosophila plasmatocytes, also called hemocytes, show similarities to vertebrate macrophages in their function and their molecular specification; they have recently been shown to also infiltrate into tissues during development and inflammation. Extravasation across vasculature, into tumors, the brain, and adipose tissue have all been observed. We discuss the striking parallels in some of these systems to vertebrate immune responses, including a requirement for tumor necrosis factor. Finally, we highlight the new pathways regulating infiltration found in the fly that remain as yet unexamined in a vertebrate context."
480,brain tumour,39536002,Palmitoyl-L-carnitine induces tau phosphorylation and mitochondrial dysfunction in neuronal cells.,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss, involving mechanisms such as tau hyperphosphorylation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Increasing evidence suggests that age-related alterations in metabolite levels are crucial for the pathogenesis of AD. Here, we analyzed serum metabolites from mice of various ages (2, 4, 14, and 21 months old) using mass spectrometry. We identified palmitoyl-L-carnitine as a key metabolite with significantly increased levels in aged mice. In vitro experiments with SH-SY5Y neuronal cells demonstrated that palmitoyl-L-carnitine treatment enhanced tau phosphorylation, increased mitochondrial fission, and elevated intracellular calcium levels. Furthermore, the increased levels of tau phosphorylation were significantly reduced by the inhibition of GSK-3β, CDK5, and calpain, indicating that tau kinases activated by calcium overload are directly involved in the increase of tau phosphorylation. Considering that mitochondrial fission is related to mitochondrial dysfunction, we propose that the elevated level of serum palmitoyl-L-carnitine during aging contributes to AD pathology through these pathways. These findings highlight the significant role of lipid metabolism in neurodegeneration and offer potential therapeutic targets for age-related diseases, including AD."
481,brain tumour,39534868,Polyradiculitis as a Neurological Complication Associated with Adagrasib: A Case Report.,"Adagrasib is an upcoming anticancer treatment for KRAS G12C-mutated non-small-cell lung carcinoma, colorectal cancer and potentially other solid tumors harboring this mutation. It is generally well-tolerated and reports of neurological adverse events so far have been limited."
482,brain tumour,39534693,Editorial: Seizures in brain tumors.,No abstract found
483,brain tumour,39534572,Identification of AAV serotypes for gene therapy in Krabbe iPSCs-derived brain organoids.,No abstract found
484,brain tumour,39534304,Diagnostic challenges in complicated case of glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma is the commonest primary malignant brain tumor, with a very poor prognosis and short overall survival. It is characterized by its high intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity, in terms of both the level of single-nucleotide variants, copy number alterations, and aneuploidy. Therefore, routine diagnosis can be challenging in some cases. We present a complicated case of glioblastoma, which was characterized with five cytogenomic methods: interphase fluorescence "
485,brain tumour,39533401,Machine learning model reveals the role of angiogenesis and EMT genes in glioma patient prognosis and immunotherapy.,"Gliomas represent a highly aggressive class of tumors located in the brain. Despite the availability of multiple treatment modalities, the prognosis for patients diagnosed with glioma remains unfavorable. Therefore, further exploration of new biomarkers is crucial to enhance the prognostic assessment of glioma and to investigate more effective treatment options. In this research, we utilized multiple machine learning techniques to assess the significance of genes related to angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the context of prognosis and treatment for glioma patients. The random forest algorithm highlighted the significance of CALU, and further analysis indicated that the effect of CALU on glioma progression may be regulated by MYC. Different machine learning approaches were employed in our investigation to uncover crucial genes associated with angiogenesis and EMT in glioma. Our findings verify the connection between these genes and the prognosis of patients with glioma, as well as the results of immunotherapeutic interventions. Notably, through experimental verification, we identified CALU as a new prognostic marker for glioma, and inhibiting the expression of CALU can impede the progression of glioma."
486,brain tumour,39533067,Investigating the impact of tumor size on survival outcomes in thymoma and thymic carcinoma patients using the SEER database.,"This study aims to clarify the impact of tumor size on the prognosis of patients diagnosed with thymoma and thymic carcinoma, leveraging data from a population-based registry. Utilizing the SEER database, this retrospective analysis identified patients diagnosed with thymoma and thymic carcinoma from 2000 to 2020. Propensity score matching was employed to mitigate potential statistical biases between groups categorized by tumor size (≤ 6.5 cm and > 6.5 cm). The study included a total of 3857 patients, comprising 2688 with thymoma and 1169 with thymic carcinoma. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that tumors ≤ 6.5 cm independently correlated with improved Cancer-Specific Survival (CSS) (p = 0.001; p < 0.001) and Overall Survival (OS) (p < 0 .001; p < 0.001) in both thymoma and thymic carcinoma cohorts. Subgroup analysis revealed that smaller tumors (≤ 6.5 cm) conferred survival benefits in patients with Masaoka-Koga stage IIB thymomas and stage III/IV thymic carcinomas (thymoma: CSS: p < 0.0001; OS: p = 0.00045; thymic carcinoma: CSS: p = 0.028; OS: p = 0.014). Additionally, WHO type A/AB/B1 and type B2/B3 thymomas with tumors ≤ 6.5 cm exhibited superior CSS (p = 0.005; p < 0.00018) and OS (p = 0.015; p = 0.0021). Through propensity matching analysis utilizing the SEER database, this study underscores the prognostic significance of tumor size in both early-stage thymoma and advanced-stage thymic carcinoma, identifying a critical threshold of 6.5 cm. In the WHO classification, tumor size based on the cut-off value of 6.5 cm has a greater impact on the prognosis of type B2/B3 (high-risk group) than A/AB/B1 (low-risk group)."
487,brain tumour,39529021,Second primary cancers in patients with a pharyngeal index tumour: a register-based cohort study.,"While prior research on the SPC (second primary cancer) risk among pharyngeal carcinoma (PC) patients has been conducted in other regions, the European perspective is underrepresented. Our register-based cohort study aims to assess the subsite-specific risk of SPC among individuals initially diagnosed with a pharyngeal index tumour."
488,brain tumour,39526102,Solitary plasmacytoma: An unusual dural-based lesion - A case report.,"Solitary intradural plasmacytomas are extremely rare. We present a case of a patient with headache and diagnosis of meningiomatosis. Onset symptoms were abrupt neurological deterioration and paraparesis. The patient underwent surgery by craniotomy and tumor resection, with final pathological findings of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma without evidence of multiple myeloma. Of note is the great similarity of this infrequent pathology with meningiomas and the need to differentiate it from the dural involvement of multiple myeloma. Treatment always includes tumor resection surgery and postoperative radiotherapy."
489,brain tumour,39525916,Unusual co-occurrence of hypertrophic inferior olivary degeneration with infratentorial cavernomatosis and orbital cavernous hemangioma.,"Hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) is a rare condition resulting from a lesion in the Guillain-Mollaret triangle (GMT), causing transsynaptic degeneration and hypertrophy of the inferior olivary nucleus (ION). The GMT is composed of the dentate nucleus, red nucleus, and ION, and is commonly affected by ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, vascular malformations, neoplasms, or surgical trauma. Cavernomas are a frequent type of cerebral vascular malformation associated with HOD, while orbital cavernous hemangiomas are another rare vascular malformation. The association of these two malformations is scarcely reported, with only one case previously documented. We report the case of a 26-year-old male presenting with right exophthalmos and palatal myoclonus, where brain MRI demonstrated HOD secondary to infratentorial cavernomatosis, along with a right orbital cavernous hemangioma. This case highlights a rare co-occurrence of infratentorial cavernomatosis and orbital cavernous hemangioma, emphasizing the importance of recognizing vascular malformations as potential causes of HOD."
490,brain tumour,39525757,Malignant metastatic melanoma in brain with unknown primary origin: a case report.,"Melanoma, a malignant tumor derived from neural crest melanocytes, predominantly affects the skin but can involve any organ with neural crest migration. Metastatic melanoma of unknown origin, particularly when it involves the brain, is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and a typically poor prognosis."
491,brain tumour,39525615,Endoscopic far-lateral supracerebellar infratentorial approach for resection of clival chordoma: case report.,"The surgery of clival chordoma remains one of the most formidable challenges for neurosurgeons because of its location at great depth in the cranium and proximity to critical neurovascular structures. Here, we describe the technique and feasibility of the purely endoscopic far-lateral supracerebellar infratentorial approach (EF-SCITA) for resection of an intradural clival chordoma."
492,brain tumour,39525037,,Gliomas are highly aggressive brain tumors with complex metabolic and molecular alterations. The role of glycolysis in glioma progression and its regulation by hypoxia remain poorly understood. This study investigated the function of glycogen phosphorylase L (
493,brain tumour,39525018,The pan-cancer landscape of crosstalk between leukocyte transendothelial migration-related genes and tumor microenvironment relevant to prognosis and immunotherapy response.,"Leukocyte transendothelial migration-related genes (LTEMGs) play a crucial role in the immune response and have been extensively studied in various pathological conditions, including inflammation, infection, and cancer. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to understanding the biological mechanisms of LTEMGs in the context of tumor progression and metastasis. The potential function of LTEMGs in cancer progression remains unclear. The aim of this study is to systematically delineate the relationship between LTEMGs and tumor prognosis and immune microenvironment at the pan-cancer level, providing new biomarkers for personalized immunotherapy."
494,brain tumour,39524752,Multi-omics analysis revealed significant metabolic changes in brain cancer cells treated with paclitaxel and/or topotecan.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) stands as the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Despite the best standard therapies, GBM survivors have a brief survival time, about 24 months on average. The treatment is troublesome because the cancer cells may not respond well to specific therapies as they grow within an extensive network of blood vessels. Our study aims to evaluate the impact of paclitaxel 5.3 μg/mL and topotecan 0.26 μM solely and in pairwise combination on the resultant metabolic and proteomic signatures of the U87 cell line while using the precise ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF) analytical technology. The U87 cells wear treated with DMSO, paclitaxel 5.3 μM, topotecan 0.26 μM, and their combinations. Using One-way ANOVA, we observed 14 significantly altered metabolites compared to those cells treated with DMSO. For combination treatment (paclitaxel and topotecan), 11 metabolites were significantly dysregulated. Sparse partial least squares-discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) revealed minimal overlap, highlighting distinctions among the four groups. While for proteomics, a total of 79 proteins were significantly dysregulated among the groups. These findings can aid in identifying new biomarkers associated with the utilized drugs and creating a map for targeted therapy. EIF3F, GNB2L1, HINT2, and RPA3 were shown to be significantly upregulated in the combination group relative to the control. Moreover, ribosome, apoptosis, HIF-1 signaling, arginine and proline, glutathione, purine metabolism, apelin signaling pathway, and glycolysis were significantly altered in the combination group. Overall, this study underscores the effectiveness of multi-omics approaches in revealing the molecular mechanisms driving chemotherapy responses in cancer cells. Additionally, this work generates a comprehensive list of molecular alterations that can serve as a foundation for further investigations and inform personalized healthcare strategies to enhance patient outcomes."
495,brain tumour,39524585,Giant intracranial tuberculomas in children: An unexpected diagnosis and difficult management - About two cases and review of the literature.,"Giant intracranial tuberculomas are rare space-occupying lesions in the brain parenchyma, with a diameter >2.5 cm. They can mimic gliomas, meningiomas, and metastases. Diagnosis of this disease can be difficult without histological evidence. Tuberculosis (TB) affects people of all ages but is a major health problem among children. Misdiagnosis is common, as many clinical and radiological features are non-specific."
496,brain tumour,39524464,Successful Targeting of Somatic ,Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is commonly associated with alterations in the 
497,brain tumour,39524392,Germline mismatch repair gene mutations in children with tumors: a case series from two centers.,"Mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency can lead to constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) syndrome and Lynch syndrome (LS). These two genetic disorders are associated with a broad spectrum of tumor types, including a variety of brain tumors. Usually, tumors associated with LS are more common in adults and rarely occur in children. The characterizations of café-au-lait macules (CALMs) are relatively similar in CMMRD syndrome and neurofibromatosis type 1 ("
498,brain tumour,39523434,Genomic profiling of circulating tumor DNA for childhood cancers.,"The utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis has not been well-established for disease detection and monitoring of childhood cancers, especially leukemias. We developed PeCan-Seq, a deep sequencing method targeting diverse somatic genomic variants in cell-free samples in childhood cancer. Plasma samples were collected at diagnosis from 233 children with hematologic, solid and brain tumors. All children with hematologic malignancy (n = 177) had detectable ctDNA at diagnosis. The median ctDNA fraction was 0.77, and 97% of 789 expected tumor variants were identified, including sequence mutations, copy number variations, and structural variations responsible for oncogenic fusions. In contrast, ctDNA was detected in 19 of 38 solid tumor patients and 1 of 18 brain tumor patients. Somatic variants from ctDNA were correlated with minimal residual disease levels as determined by flow cytometry in serial plasma samples from patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). We showcase multi-tumor detection by ctDNA analysis for a patient with concurrent B-ALL and neuroblastoma. In conclusion, PeCan-seq sensitively identified heterogeneous ctDNA alterations from 1 mL plasma for childhood hematologic malignancies and a subset of solid tumors. PeCan-seq provides a robust, non-invasive approach to augment comprehensive genomic profiling at diagnosis and mutation-specific detection during disease monitoring."
499,brain tumour,39523433,Glioma subtype prediction based on radiomics of tumor and peritumoral edema under automatic segmentation.,"Comprehensive and non-invasive preoperative molecular diagnosis is important for prognostic and therapy decision-making in adult-type diffuse gliomas. We employed a deep learning method for automatic segmentation of brain gliomas directly from conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the tumor core and peritumoral edema regions based on available glioma MRI data provided in the BraTS2021. Three-dimensional volumes of interest were segmented from 424 cases of glioma imaging data retrospectively obtained from two medical centers using the segmentation method and radiomic features were extracted. We developed a subtype prediction model based on extracted radiomic features and analyzed significance and correlations between glioma morphological characteristics and pathological features using data from patients with adult-type diffuse glioma. The automated segmentation achieved mean Dice scores of 0.884 and 0.889 for the tumor core and whole tumor, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the prediction of adult-type diffuse gliomas subtypes was 0.945. ""Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype"", ""Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant"", and ""Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant, 1p/19q-coded"" showed AUCs of 0.96, 0.914, and 0.961, respectively, for subtype prediction. Glioma morphological characteristics, molecular and pathological levels, and clinical data showed significant differences and correlations. An automatic segmentation model for gliomas based on 3D U-Nets was developed, and the prediction model for gliomas built using the parameters obtained from the automatic segmentation model showed high overall performance."
500,brain tumour,20301398,Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome Type 1,"Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome type 1 (SGBS1) is characterized by pre- and postnatal macrosomia; distinctive craniofacial features (including macrocephaly, coarse facial features, macrostomia, macroglossia, and palate abnormalities); and, commonly, mild-to-severe intellectual disability with or without structural brain anomalies. Other variable findings include supernumerary nipples, diastasis recti / umbilical hernia, congenital heart defects, diaphragmatic hernia, genitourinary defects, and gastrointestinal issues. Skeletal anomalies can include vertebral fusion, scoliosis, rib anomalies, and congenital hip dislocation. Hand anomalies can include large hands and postaxial polydactyly. Affected individuals are at increased risk for embryonal tumors including Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma, adrenal neuroblastoma, gonadoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and medulloblastoma."
501,brain tumour,39535842,Differential Expression of Proteins and Genes at the Tumor-Brain Interface in Invasive Meningioma.,"Most meningiomas are dural-based extra-axial tumors in close contact with the brain. Expression of genes and proteins at the tumor-brain interface in brain-invasive meningioma is basically unknown. Using the NanoString pan-cancer panel, differential expression of genes in the invasive edge versus main tumor body was determined in 12 invasive meningiomas (comprising the discovery cohort), and 6 candidate genes: DTX1, RASGRF1, GRIN1, TNR, IL6, and NR4A1, were identified. By immunohistochemistry, DTX1 and RASGRF1 expression correlated with gene expression, and were studied in an expanded cohort of 21 invasive and 15 noninvasive meningiomas, together with Ki-67. Significantly higher expression of DTX1, RASGFR1, and Ki-67 was found in the invasive edge compared with the main tumor body. Increased expression of RASGRF1 and Ki-67 was more clearly associated with brain invasion. The situation with DTX1 was less definitive since increased expression was observed in meningiomas both at the invasive edge and when in close contact with brain but without invasion. Pathway analyses identified significant links between DTX1 and RASGRF1 and key biological processes, including cell-cell adhesion, and signaling pathways including Notch, RAS, MAPK, and Rho. Higher expression of DTX1, RASGRF1, and Ki-67 in the brain-invasive area of meningiomas suggests that these proteins play a role in the process of brain invasion."
502,brain tumour,39535634,Exercise rescues cognitive impairment through inhibiting the fibrinogen neuroinflammative pathway in diabetes.,"Fibrinogen is a pivotal factor in the activation of neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. While exercise, especifically swimming, has demonstrated cognitive benefits, the molecular protective mechanisms orchestrated by exercise in response to blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage in diabetes remain elusive. This study systematically investigates the impact of fibrinogen on neuroinflammation and the role of exercise in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats underwent an 8-week swimming exercise regimen, and subsequent assessments included changes in interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), astroglia activation, BBB permeability, and key epithelial tight junction proteins such as zona occludins (ZO)-1, Claudin-5, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Spatial learning and memory were evaluated using the Morris water maze test and the novel object recognition test. The study revealed that exercise significantly improved cognitive function, potentially by suppressing fibrinogen levels and astroglia activation. Intriguingly, heightened fibrinogen expression markedly attenuated the protective effects of exercise on BBB integrity. Fibrinogen emerged as a potential compromise to exercise protective effect by increasing expression levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α. In summary, our findings elucidate that fibrinogen may contribute to the deterioration of cognition and diminish the protective effects of exercise by amplifying the neuroinflammatory process through damaged BBB in diabetes."
503,brain tumour,39535621,Bilingual awake craniotomy with English and Polish language mapping in a 15-year-old patient provides evidence for the role of the left superior temporal gyrus in language switching.,"The utility of intraoperative mapping in multilingual patients with brain tumours in speech-eloquent locations is evidenced by reports of heterogeneity of the location and number of language areas. Furthermore, preserving the ability to switch between languages is crucial for multilingual patients' communication and quality of life. We report the first case of intraoperative bilingual and language switching testing in a child undergoing awake craniotomy for a tumour within the left superior temporal gyrus using a novel test paradigm. Stimulation of the posterior superior temporal gyrus resulted in anomia when switching from Polish to English, in the absence of any stimulation effect on switching from English to Polish or object naming in each individual language."
504,brain tumour,39535474,Recent Developments in Glioblastoma-On-A-Chip for Advanced Drug Screening Applications.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive form of cancer, comprising ≈80% of malignant brain tumors. However, there are no effective treatments for GBM due to its heterogeneity and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which restricts the delivery of therapeutics to the brain. Despite in vitro models contributing to the understanding of GBM, conventional 2D models oversimplify the complex tumor microenvironment. Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) models have emerged as promising platforms that recapitulate human tissue physiology, enabling disease modeling, drug screening, and personalized medicine. There is a sudden increase in GBM-on-a-chip models that can significantly advance the knowledge of GBM etiology and revolutionize drug development by reducing animal testing and enhancing translation to the clinic. In this review, an overview of GBM-on-a-chip models and their applications is reported for drug screening and discussed current challenges and potential future directions for GBM-on-a-chip models."
505,brain tumour,39535237,Radio-pathomic estimates of cellular growth kinetics predict survival in recurrent glioblastoma.,
506,brain tumour,39535036,canSAR 2024-an update to the public drug discovery knowledgebase.,"canSAR (https://cansar.ai) continues to serve as the largest publicly available platform for cancer-focused drug discovery and translational research. It integrates multidisciplinary data from disparate and otherwise siloed public data sources as well as data curated uniquely for canSAR. In addition, canSAR deploys a suite of curation and standardization tools together with AI algorithms to generate new knowledge from these integrated data to inform hypothesis generation. Here we report the latest updates to canSAR. As well as increasing available data, we provide enhancements to our algorithms to improve the offering to the user. Notably, our enhancements include a revised ligandability classifier leveraging Positive Unlabeled Learning that finds twice as many ligandable opportunities across the pocketome, and our revised chemical standardization pipeline and hierarchy better enables the aggregation of structurally related molecular records."
507,brain tumour,39535028,The conformation of FOXM1 homodimers in vivo is crucial for regulating transcriptional activities.,"Conformational changes in a transcription factor can significantly affect its transcriptional activity. The activated form of the FOXM1 transcription factor regulates the transcriptional network of genes essential for cell cycle progression and carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism and impact of FOXM1 conformational change on its transcriptional activity in vivo throughout the cell cycle progression remain unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that FOXM1 proteins form novel intermolecular homodimerizations in vivo, and these conformational changes in FOXM1 homodimers impact activity during the cell cycle. Specifically, during the G1 phase, FOXM1 undergoes autorepressive homodimerization, wherein the αβα motif in the C-terminal transcriptional activation domain interacts with the ββαβ motif in the N-terminal repression domain, as evidenced by FRET imaging. Phosphorylation of the αβα motif by PLK1 at S715/S724 disrupts ββαβ-αβα hydrophobic interactions, thereby facilitating a conserved αβα motif switch binding partner to the novel intrinsically disordered regions, leading to FOXM1 autostimulatory homodimerization persisting from the S phase to the G2/M phase in vivo. Furthermore, we identified a minimal ββαβ motif peptide that effectively inhibits cancer cell proliferation both in cell culture and in a mouse tumor model, suggesting a promising autorepression approach for targeting FOXM1 in cancer therapy."
508,brain tumour,39535001,"Scalp Lesion as the First Manifestation of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, A Very Rare Case.","Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the most aggressive tumors. Its diagnosis is usually made in locally advanced or metastatic disease and survival is less than one year. The most frequent sites of metastatic involvement are the liver, peritoneum and lungs. Other organs such as the bones or the brain may be affected to a lesser extent. Cutaneous involvement of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is extremely rare with less than 150 cases reported in the literature since 1960. Most cases with cutaneous involvement involve the periumbilical region, in a lesion known as ""Sister Mary Joseph's Node"". Scalp metastases are very rare and their diagnosis suggests advanced disease and the prognosis will be dismal. It is very important to perform a complete physical examination and a global anamnesis to guide the request for diagnostic tests. Once the diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma has been made, a global assessment will be necessary, involving different medical specialists, nurses, psychologists and social workers among others. In many cases, supportive care is the mainstay of treatment."
509,brain tumour,39534914,Single-Molecule Detection of Serum MicroRNAs for Medulloblastoma with Biphasic Sandwich Hybridization-Assisted Plasmonic Resonant Scattering Imaging.,"MicroRNA (miRNA) dysregulation is closely related to the occurrence and progression of medulloblastoma (MB). However, the full potential of serum circulating miRNAs in MB diagnosis is restricted by their ultralow abundance in peripheral blood due to blood-brain barrier. Here, we report the direct preamplification-free detection of aberrant expression of oncogenic miRNAs in serum from MB patients by proposing a simple yet robust single-molecule assay that combines "
510,brain tumour,39534098,Preoperative subjective impairments in language and memory in brain tumor patients.,"Subjective reports can reveal relevant information regarding the nature of the impairment of brain tumor patients, unveiling potential gaps in current assessment practices. The co-occurrence of language and memory impairments has been previously reported, albeit scarcely. The aim of this study is therefore to understand the co-occurrence of subjective language and memory complaints in the preoperative state of brain tumor patients and its impact on Quality of Life (QoL)."
511,brain tumour,39534093,Bibliometric and visualization analysis in the field of epigenetics and glioma (2009-2024).,"Glioma represents the most prevalent primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system, a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms driving glioma is imperative for guiding future treatment strategies. Emerging evidence has implicated a close relationship between glioma development and epigenetic regulation. However, there remains a significant lack of comprehensive summaries in this domain. This study aims to analyze epigenetic publications pertaining to gliomas from 2009 to 2024 using bibliometric methods, consolidate the extant research, and delineate future prospects for investigation in this critical area."
512,brain tumour,39533840,TRIM21-mediated ubiquitination and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 promotes cell proliferation and drug resistance in pituitary adenomas.,"Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are common intracranial tumors and TRIM family plays a crucial role in cell proliferation, and therapeutic resistance of tumors. However, the role of the TRIM family in PAs is not well recognized."
513,brain tumour,39533634,Efficacy and safety of osimertinib plus bevacizumab versus osimertinib alone for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with EGFR mutations: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.,To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of osimertinib plus bevacizumab in treating advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations.
514,brain tumour,39533403,Postoperative Nodal Efficiency of the Lesional-Hemispheric Hand Motor Area Increasing Potentially Facilitated Motor Recovery for SMA Syndrome.,Supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome commonly occurs after glioma resection and requires weeks to months of recovery.
515,brain tumour,39533329,Alcohol and cause-specific mortality in Russia: the Know Your Heart Study 2015-23.,"Alcohol-related mortality in Russia exceeds the world average and presents a critical public health concern. This study assesses the impact of alcohol consumption levels on mortality and investigates mortality predictors among Russians, including people treated for alcohol-related diagnoses (narcology patients)."
516,brain tumour,39533315,Correction: Relationship between radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation from cellular phones and brain tumor: meta-analyses using various proxies for RF-EMR exposure-outcome assessment.,No abstract found
517,brain tumour,39533264,Innovative pan-tumor target strategy for CAR-T therapy: cancer-specific exons as novel targets for pediatric solid and brain tumors.,"Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy has achieved remarkable success in treating chemotherapy-refractory hematological malignancies. However, its efficacy in solid and brain tumors remains limited due to challenges such as insufficient target antigens, poor T-cell adaptability, inefficient tumor site trafficking, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. To address these challenges, Shaw and colleagues proposed an innovative strategy targeting cancer-specific exons (CSEs) in pediatric solid and brain tumors. Using RNA sequencing data from 16 tumor types, the study identified 157 highly tumor-specific targets, including both known and novel proteins. The researchers validated several targets, including FN1 and COL11A1, demonstrating their therapeutic potential in in vitro and in vivo models. The study's approach of integrating exon-level analysis with a broad search for extracellular matrix proteins offers a new frontier for CAR-T therapy, providing valuable insights for improving immunotherapy in pediatric solid tumors. Although promising, the study also highlights the need for further evaluation of tumor recurrence and CAR-T cell exhaustion. The identification of novel pan-tumor targets may revolutionize CAR-T therapy design and expand its application in pediatric cancer treatment."
518,brain tumour,39532533,Empowering Data Sharing in Neuroscience: A Deep Learning De-identification Method for Pediatric Brain MRIs.,"Privacy concerns, such as identifiable facial features within brain scans, have hindered the availability of pediatric neuroimaging datasets for research. Consequently, pediatric neuroscience research lags adult counterparts, particularly in rare disease and under-represented populations. The removal of face regions (image defacing) can mitigate this, however existing defacing tools often fail with pediatric cases and diverse image types, leaving a critical gap in data accessibility. Given recent NIH data sharing mandates, novel solutions are a critical need."
519,brain tumour,39532099,ARF alters PAF1 complex integrity to selectively repress oncogenic transcription programs upon p53 loss.,"The polymerase associated factor 1 (PAF1) complex (PAF1c) promotes RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) transcription at the elongation step; however, how PAF1c transcription activity is selectively regulated during cell fate transitions remains poorly understood. Here, we reveal that the alternative reading frame (ARF) tumor suppressor operates at two levels to restrain PAF1c-dependent oncogenic transcriptional programs upon p53 loss in mouse cells. First, ARF assembles into homo-oligomers to bind the PAF1 subunit to promote PAF1c disassembly, consequently dampening PAF1c interaction with RNA Pol II and PAF1c-dependent transcription. Second, ARF targets the RUNX family transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) to selectively tune gene transcription. Consistently, ARF loss triggers RUNX1- and PAF1c-dependent transcriptional activation of pro-growth ligands (growth differentiation factor/bone morphogenetic protein [GDF/BMP]), promoting a cell-intrinsic GDF/BMP-Smad1/5 axis that aberrantly induce cell growth. Notably, pharmacologic inactivation of GDF/BMP signaling and genetic perturbation of RUNX1 significantly attenuate cell proliferation mediated by dual p53 and ARF loss, offering therapeutic utility. Our data underscore the significance of selective ARF-mediated tumor-suppressive functions through a universal transcriptional regulator."
520,brain tumour,39531943,"PARP inhibitors in gliomas: Mechanisms of action, current trends and future perspectives.","Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumours in adults. Despite decades of research into novel therapeutic approaches, the prognosis remains poor. PARP1-2 are critical for DNA repair, cell survival and genomic stability and PARP inhibition (PARPi) may be a promising therapeutic approach for gliomas. Inhibition of PARP activity leads to homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), which, in combination with DNA damage, results in cell death. This review summarises the current knowledge and future perspectives of PARPi in glioma. The available literature was reviewed using PubMed, recent major international oncology congresses were consulted, and ongoing clinical trials were searched using ClinicalTrials.gov. In translational research, PARPi have demonstrated a strong scientific rationale for their use in the treatment of glioma. They have been evaluated both alone and in combination with radiotherapy, temozolomide, anti-angiogenic agents, immunotherapy and other new drugs in newly diagnosed or recurrent glioma. Most studies were open-label, non-randomised, dose-escalation phase I-II trials. Early results show promising anti-tumour activity, and key challenges include identifying predictive biomarkers, elucidating synergistic effects in combination therapies, addressing the development of resistance, and managing hematological toxicity. In conclusion, early phase studies have shown promising anti-tumour activity of PARPi that should be confirmed in larger prospective and randomised trials. In addition, the development of novel PARPi with improved blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration and PARP inhibitor activity with new synergistic treatment combinations seems promising and needs to be further explored."
521,brain tumour,39531927,The impact of PTEN status on glioblastoma multiforme: A glial cell type-specific study identifies unique prognostic markers.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most invasive form of brain tumor, accounting for 5 % of the cases per 100,000 people in various countries. The phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a well-known tumor suppressor, and its alteration leads to a deleterious effect on GBM progression. The molecular mechanism of tumorigenesis in glial cell types, driven by PTEN status, is yet to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed publicly available single-cell transcriptome profiles of PTEN wild-type (WT) and NULL GBM patients. We compared them with normal brain data to uncover many unique gene sets influenced by PTEN status. The co-expression network analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal brain and PTEN (WT and NULL) identified highly interconnected genes. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), based on the DESeq2 algorithm, identified glial cell-type-specific modules in PTEN status-dependent bulk RNA expression profiles. We overlapped network module gene sets from single-cell and bulk transcriptome profiles, and shared genes were considered for further analysis. The hallmark pathway enrichment analysis of the genes unique to PTEN-WT and NULL revealed various tumor growth-related pathways across the glial cell types. Further characterization of PTEN-WT and PTEN-NULL networks belonging to the single-cell and bulk RNA datasets revealed that PTEN status influences the network modules in astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocyte precursor cells. An integrated influence value algorithm identified hub genes for each glial cell type. The prognostic analysis identified clinically relevant hub genes specific to the cell type in PTEN-WT: GLIPR2 (astrocytes), CFH, IL32, MXRA5 (microglia), and PTEN-NULL: ID1 (astrocytes) and LAT2 (microglia). Our glial cell type-level transcriptome analysis unearthed unique molecular pathways and prognostic markers in PTEN status-dependent GBM patients."
522,brain tumour,39531874,Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in oligodendroglioma.,"Oligodendrogliomas (ODGs) are neuroepithelial tumors that need personalized treatment plans because of their unique molecular and histological features. Non-coding RNAs form an epigenetic class of molecules that act as the first steps in gene regulation. They consist of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs. These molecules significantly participate in ODG pathogenesis by regulating ODG initiation, progression, and treatment response. This review is designated to analyze the literature and describe the genomic profile of ODGs, the complex actions of ncRNAs in ODGs pathogenesis and treatment, and their roles as appropriate biomarkers and as one of the precision mechanisms action targets, such as antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNAs, gene therapy vectors, peptide nucleic acids, and small molecule inhibitors. Overall, ncRNAs considerably alter the pathological spectrum of ODGs by influencing fundamental processes in tumor biology. Applying ncRNAs in a clinical context exhibits promise for enhanced diagnosis and individualized therapeutic interventions. Nevertheless, the delivery efficacy and potential adverse ""off-target"" sequels retain the main obstacles undermining clinical potential. Continuous research and technological advancements in ncRNAs offer new insights and promising prospects for revolutionizing oligodendroglioma care, leading to better, personalized treatment outcomes."
523,brain tumour,39531828,Deficiency of muscle-generated brain-derived neurotrophic factor causes inflammatory myopathy through reactive oxygen species-mediated necroptosis and pyroptosis.,"Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (commonly known as myositis) is a group of immune-related diseases characterized by muscle damage, weakness, and fatigue with unknown causes. Although overactivated innate immunity is a widely believed cause of myositis onset, the mechanism that provokes and maintains a high immune response in myositis patients is still unclear. This study aims to test if brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) deficiency per se is sufficient to cause myositis and determine its underlying mechanism. We found that ablating BDNF production in skeletal muscle is sufficient to trigger myositis development in mice. Muscle-specific Bdnf knockout (MBKO) mice displayed extensive myocyte necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration, and myophagocytosis. In association with these damages, elevated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 23, IL-1β, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) was found in the muscle of MBKO mice. Disruption of sarcolemma integrity was also detected in MBKO mice, which is a result of necroptosis executioner Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) and pyroptosis executioner Gasdermin D (GSDMD) activation. Mechanistically, diminishing BDNF synthesis in myotubes enhances the accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), which sensitizes the cells towards TNFα-induced receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPs) activation and promotes the formation of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)-containing inflammasome. BDNF deficiency-induced cell death could be alleviated by scavenging mtROS, suppressing the activity of GSDMD, or inhibiting receptor-interacting kinase 3 (RIP3). Similarly, supplementation of BDNF mimetics, suppression of RIP3 activity, increasing the intramyocellular antioxidant, or enhancing mitophagy ameliorated the myopathies of MBKO mice and improved their muscle strength. Together, our study demonstrates that insufficient BDNF production in mouse muscle causes the development of pathological features of myositis via enhancing oxidative stress, necroptosis, and pyroptosis in myofibers."
524,brain tumour,39531542,MicroRNA-429 overexpression overcomes imatinib resistance of glioma cells by negatively regulating lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1.,"Glioma is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies in central nervous system. It has been reported that miR-429 is declined in glioma and functions as a tumor suppressor. Nonetheless, the potential role of miR-429 in drug resistance of glioma is still ambiguous."
525,brain tumour,39531448,Clinical efficacy of optical coherence tomography parameters to predict the visual field outcome following pituitary adenoma surgery.,"To investigate the factors affecting visual field recovery in patients with pituitary adenoma following surgical removal, both eyes of 35 patients with pituitary adenoma who had been followed up for > six months post-surgery were retrospectively analyzed."
526,brain tumour,39531280,Predictive and prognostic factors in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearranged early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.,"This study aimed to evaluate the predictive and prognostic factors in clinical stage I, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma following radical surgery. Additionally, it sought to compare these factors with an external cohort of ALK wild-type patients."
527,brain tumour,39531176,The prognostic importance of glioblastoma size and shape.,"Extent of resection, MGMT promoter methylation status, age, functional level, and residual tumor volume are established prognostic factors for overall survival in glioblastoma patients. Preoperative tumor volume has also been investigated, but the results have been inconclusive. We hypothesized that the surface area and the shape were more representative of the tumor's infiltrative capacities, and thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value of tumor size and shape in patients with glioblastoma."
528,brain tumour,39530892,Changes in Reader Performance During Sequential Reading of Breast Cancer Screening Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Examinations.,"Background Studies suggest that readers experience perceptual adaptation when interpreting batched screening mammograms, which may serve as a mechanism for improved performance. Purpose To analyze clinical digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) screening data to evaluate changes in reader performance during sequential batch reading. Materials and Methods This observational retrospective study used data from the radiology information system collected for screening DBT examinations performed from January 2018 to December 2019. The reference standard was established based on pathology results, if applicable, or imaging findings at 1-year follow-up. Examinations were aggregated into batches, defined as a sequence of cases for a given reader with differences in interexamination time of 10 minutes or less. Mixed-effect models were used to evaluate performance and timing across batch positions. Statistical adjustments accounted for potential confounders, including patient characteristics (age, breast density), reading factors (day of week, time of day), and between-reader heterogeneity. Results The dataset included 121 652 examinations (median patient age, 61 years [IQR, 53-69 years]), including 1081 cancers interpreted by 15 radiologists. Unadjusted false-positive rates decreased from an averaged 15.5% at the first within-batch examination to 10.5% after three sequentially read examinations ("
529,brain tumour,39530733,Clotting promotes glioma growth and infiltration through activation of focal adhesion kinase.,"The tumor architecture of high-grade gliomas is shaped by tumor cell necrosis, invasive growth and the leakage of a fibrin-rich edema from poorly organized tumor blood vessels. Here, we demonstrate a marked upregulation of clot formation in the interstitial spaces of tumor tissues from patients with glioblastoma while tumor-free brain is essentially devoid of fibrin. The accumulation of fibrin in tumor interstitial spaces is functionally relevant as we demonstrate increased infiltration and growth of primary glioblastoma cells after embedding in a 3-dimensional matrix made of fibrin ex vivo. Additionally, we detected accelerated tumor growth after implanting glioblastoma cells together with clotted plasma in brains of immune deficient mice while glioblastoma development in clotting-deficient hemophilia mice was delayed. Glioblastoma growth correlated with the outgrowth of invadopodia and their adhesive interactions with the 3-dimensional clot matrix, which was mediated by integrins β1 and β3 and their common downstream target focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Knocking down FAK with CRISPR Cas9 caused an upregulation of p21/p27 cell cycle inhibitors, strong growth inhibition in cultured glioblastoma cells and sustained anti-tumorigenic effects in orthotopic glioblastoma xenografts in vivo. These results go hand in hand with genomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas that indicate increased clotting activity and reduced patient survival in glioma subgroups with high integrin β1 and β3 expression. We therefore conclude that clotting in glioma interstitial spaces provides tumor cells with a potent proliferative stimulus that can be reversed by targeting the adhesive machinery of glioblastoma cells via inhibition of FAK."
530,brain tumour,39529955,Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of solid tumors with BRAF mutations.,"The BRAF gene is an important signaling molecule in human cells that is involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and survival. When the BRAF gene mutates, it can lead to abnormal activation of the signaling pathway, which promotes cell proliferation, inhibits cell apoptosis, and ultimately contributes to the occurrence and development of cancer. BRAF mutations are widely present in various cancers, including malignant melanoma, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and hairy cell leukemia, among others. BRAF is an important target for the treatment of various solid tumors, and targeted combination therapies, represented by BRAF inhibitors, have become one of the main treatment modalities for a variety of BRAF-mutation-positive solid tumors. Dabrafenib plus trametinib, as the first tumor-agnostic therapy, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 years and older harboring a BRAF V600E mutation with unresectable or metastatic solid tumors that have progressed following prior treatment and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options. This is also the first time a BRAF/MEK inhibitor combination has been approved for use in pediatric patients. As research into the diagnosis and treatment of BRAF mutations advances, standardizing the detection of BRAF mutations and the clinical application of BRAF inhibitors becomes increasingly important. Therefore, we have established a universal and systematic strategy for diagnosing and treating solid tumors with BRAF mutations. In this expert consensus, we (1) summarize the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of BRAF mutations in different solid tumors, (2) provide recommendations for the selection of genetic testing methods and platforms, and (3) establish a universal strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with solid tumors harboring BRAF mutations."
531,brain tumour,39529833,Response to furmonertinib in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer harboring HER2 exon 21 insertion mutation: a case report.,"This is the first case report describing a patient with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring two rare human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) exon 21 insertion mutations, who responded to furmonertinib treatment. Furmonertinib maybe one effective and economical treatment for NSCLC patients harboring HER2 mutations with minor side effects."
532,brain tumour,39529768,Precision Population Cancer Medicine in Brain Tumors: A Potential Roadmap to Improve Outcomes and Strategize the Steps to Bring Interdisciplinary Interventions.,"Brain tumors, a significant health burden, rank as the second leading cause of cancer among adolescents and young adults and the eighth most common cancer in older adults. Despite treatment advances, outcomes for many brain tumor types, especially glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), remain poor. Precision population cancer medicine (PPCM) offers promising avenues for improving outcomes in brain tumor management. This comprehensive review delves into the current landscape of brain tumor diagnosis and treatment, with a primary focus on the potential of PPCM to enhance care. The review explores several key areas where PPCM approaches show promise. In genetics and molecular biology, the genetic heterogeneity of brain tumors poses challenges and opportunities for targeted therapies. Understanding genetic patterns can guide treatment strategies and improve prognostication. Epigenetic modifications are crucial in brain tumor development and progression. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation patterns, particularly of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter, serve as essential biomarkers for treatment response and prognosis in GBM. Targeting epigenetic mechanisms could lead to novel therapeutic approaches. Non-invasive liquid biopsy techniques show potential for diagnosis, monitoring, and prognostication in brain tumors. Analysis of circulating tumor DNA and microRNAs may provide valuable information about tumor characteristics and treatment response. Advanced imaging techniques, including radiomics and radiogenomics, combined with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, are enhancing tumor detection, characterization, and treatment planning. These technologies can contribute to more personalized treatment approaches. In addition, emerging nanotherapeutic platforms, which involve the use of nanoparticles to deliver drugs directly to tumors, and theranostic approaches, which combine therapy and diagnostics in a single platform, offer new possibilities for targeted drug delivery and real-time treatment monitoring in brain tumors. The review also addresses socioeconomic and demographic factors influencing brain tumor incidence and outcomes. It highlights the stark disparities in care access and survival rates among different racial and ethnic groups, emphasizing the urgent need for PPCM strategies to address these inequities. Challenges in implementing PPCM for brain tumors include the blood-brain barrier, which limits drug delivery, and the need for more extensive clinical trials to validate new approaches. The authors stress the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and data sharing to advance the field, making the audience feel united and part of a larger team. While PPCM holds great promise, the review emphasizes that it should complement, not replace, population-level interventions and standard-of-care treatments. The authors advocate for a balanced approach that leverages cutting-edge personalized strategies while ensuring broad access to effective treatments. In conclusion, PPCM represents a powerful tool in the fight against brain tumors, offering the potential for more targeted, effective, and less toxic treatments. However, realizing its full potential will require ongoing research, clinical validation, and policy interactions to address disparities in care access."
533,brain tumour,39529258,Rhynchophylline Alleviates Hyperactivity and Cognitive Flexibility Impairment Associated With Inhibition of Inflammatory Responses in Mice That Partly Lack the Dopamine Transporter Protein.,"Rhynchophylline (RHY) can alleviate some cognitive flexibility impairment and stereotyped behavior for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) patients as one of a key extract and an active ingredient in Ningdong granule (NDG), which is a Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation widely used in the treatment of ADHD and TS children in China; however, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate how RHY alleviates hyperactivity and cognitive flexibility impairment while inhibiting inflammatory responses in mice that partly lack dopamine transporter protein (DAT- mice)."
534,brain tumour,39529217,Mass Spectrometry Advances in Analysis of Glioblastoma.,"Some cancers such as glioblastoma (GBM), show minimal response to medical interventions, often only capable of mitigating tumor growth or alleviating symptoms. High metabolic activity in the tumor microenvironment marked by immune responses and hypoxia, is a crucial factor driving tumor progression. The many developments in mass spectrometry (MS) over the last decades have provided a pivotal tool for studying proteins, along with their posttranslational modifications. It is known that the proteomic landscape of GBM comprises a wide range of proteins involved in cell proliferation, survival, migration, and immune evasion. Combination of MS imaging and microscopy has potential to reveal the spatial and molecular characteristics of pathological tissue sections. Moreover, integration of MS in the surgical process in form of techniques such as DESI-MS or rapid evaporative ionization MS has been shown as an effective tool for rapid measurement of metabolite profiles, providing detailed information within seconds. In immunotherapy-related research, MS plays an indispensable role in detection and targeting of cancer antigens which serve as a base for antigen-specific therapies. In this review, we aim to provide detailed information on molecular profile in GBM and to discuss recent MS advances and their clinical benefits for targeting this aggressive disease."
535,brain tumour,39529205,Safety observation of COVID-19 inactivated vaccine in immature mice.,To investigate the safety of COVID-19 inactivated vaccine in immature mice.
536,brain tumour,39529180,A primary intracranial neuroepithelial neoplasm with novel TCF3::BEND2 fusion: a case report.,"Astroblastoma, MN1-altered, is a rare circumscribed glial neoplasm that is composed of round, cuboidal, orcolumnar cells with astroblastic perivascular pseudorosettes, often associated with MN1::BEND2 and MN1::CXXC5 fusions. Atroblastoma-like gliomas harbouring EWSR1::BEND2 have been reported that they defined an epigenetically distinct subtype of astroblastoma. We report a case of a 19-year-old female with an intracranial neuroepithelial tumor featuring a novel TCF3::BEND2 fusion. This tumor, while classified as EWSR1::BEND2 gliomas based on DNA methylation, did not exhibit the MN1 alteration or typical astroblastoma morphology. The patient, initially diagnosed as ependymoma WHO grade 2 following surgery for an intracranial tumor four years prior, presented with a suspected recurrence. Magnetic resonance imaging identified a mixed solid-cystic lesion in the temporal area of the left lateral ventricle. For the recurrent tumor, the histological examination revealed the tumor cells predominantly exhibited a solid arrangement, with the solid areas primarily consisting of oval and short-spindle cells. In certain regions, loosely arranged short-spindle cells was observed. The tumor exhibited high cellular density, nuclear atypia, and frequent mitoses, but lacked the hallmark features typically associated with astroblastoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed patchy positivity for GFAP and OLIG2, diffuse positivity for EMA, and a high MIB-1 labeling index. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling confirmed the tumor's classification as EWSR1::BEND2 gliomas with a high-confidence match and revealed focal deletion of chromosome 9q. Targeted next-generation sequencing identified a TCF3::BEND2 fusion, validated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. This case broadens the genetic spectrum of high-grade neuroepithelial tumor and suggests that BEND2 alterations may serve as critical determinants for this EWSR1::BEND2 glioma subgroup within the methylation classifier."
537,brain tumour,39529098,Senolysis potentiates endothelial progenitor cell adhesion to and integration into the brain vasculature.,"One of the most severe consequences of ageing is cognitive decline, which is associated with dysfunction of the brain microvasculature. Thus, repairing the brain vasculature could result in healthier brain function."
538,brain tumour,39528836,Evaluating efficacy and safety of laser interstitial thermal therapy in patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Glioblastoma (GB), the most common malignant brain tumour, has a poor prognosis despite advances in treatment. Standard management involves surgery followed by chemoradiotherapy. MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive technique that may offer an option for select patients with specific clinical profiles. While preclinical studies suggest that LITT could disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to enhance drug delivery, this has yet to be definitively demonstrated in clinical settings. Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, various databases were searched until March 2024. Eligible studies focused on LITT for supratentorial GB in adults and evaluated its safety and efficacy. Data extraction covered various study characteristics, and statistical analysis was performed using the OpenMeta Analyst software. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Fifteen studies were analyzed, mainly employing the Neuroblate-Monteris system in the US, as retrospective single-centre trials. Treatment involved LITT in 239 patients with tumours typically in deep-seated areas. Median OS ranged from 4.9 to 32.3 months, and PFS from two to 5.9 months. Most patients received adjuvant therapy, primarily radiation and temozolomide. While LITT showed efficacy in improving OS (10.21, 95% CI 9.05-11.37), PFS (3.94, 95% CI 3.20-4.69), and tumor volume reduction (18.23, 95% CI 14.591-21.860), complications odd-ration(OR) = 0.336 (95% CI, 0.188-0.484) and mortality rates OR = 0.033 (95% CI, 0.009-0.058 were notable. LITT shows promise for treating both newly diagnosed and recurrent GB cases in non-surgical candidates, linked to improved OS, PFS, reduced tumor volume, and shorter hospital stays. However, higher complication and mortality rates were noted, emphasising the need for additional well-designed prospective multicentre trials."
539,brain tumour,39528802,Discovery of key molecular signatures for diagnosis and therapies of glioblastoma by combining supervised and unsupervised learning approaches.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death globally. So, identifying potential molecular signatures and associated drug molecules are crucial for diagnosis and therapies of GBM. This study suggested GBM-causing ten key genes (ASPM, CCNB2, CDK1, AURKA, TOP2A, CHEK1, CDCA8, SMC4, MCM10, and RAD51AP1) from nine transcriptomics datasets by combining supervised and unsupervised learning results. Differential expression patterns of key genes (KGs) between GBM and control samples were verified by different independent databases. Gene regulatory network (GRN) detected some important transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators for KGs. The KGs-set enrichment analysis unveiled some crucial GBM-causing molecular functions, biological processes, cellular components, and pathways. The DNA methylation analysis detected some hypo-methylated CpG sites that might stimulate the GBM development. From the immune infiltration analysis, we found that almost all KGs are associated with different immune cell infiltration levels. Finally, we recommended KGs-guided four repurposable drug molecules (Fluoxetine, Vatalanib, TGX221 and RO3306) against GBM through molecular docking, drug likeness, ADMET analyses and molecular dynamics simulation studies. Thus, the discoveries of this study could serve as valuable resources for wet-lab experiments in order to take a proper treatment plan against GBM."
540,brain tumour,39528608,The prognostic value and biological significance of MRI CE-T1-based radiomics models in CNS5-identified GBM: a multi-center study.,"Following the publication of the 2021 WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors (CNS5), Following the publication of the 2021 WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors (CNS5), prognostic markers of glioblastoma (GBM) need to be further explored. Radiomics is a non-invasive and reproducible method for the prognostic assessment of multiple solid tumors. This study aimed to explore the prognostic value and biological significance of MRI T1-weighted enhancement (CE-T1) based radiomics in GBM (CNS5). A six-features radiomics prognostic model was created to calculate the radiomics score (RS). High RS (HR = 3.718, 95%CI: 2.222 - 6.220, P < 0.001) was an independent risk factor for overall survival (OS). The correlation between RS and OS was externally verified based on the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University cohorts (n = 93; HR = 2.015, 95% CI: 1.079 - 3.762, P = 0.028) and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine cohorts (n = 126; HR = 1.779, 95% CI: 1.023 - 3.091, P = 0.041). Through biological significance exploration, RS was found to be significantly correlated with DNA repair (P = 0.009) and glycolysis (P = 0.001) pathway enrichment scores. RS was associated with γδT cell infiltration and the expression of LAG3. The MRI CE-T1 based radiomics models can predict GBM (CNS5) prognosis noninvasively. RS is relevant to DNA repair, and may guide the screening of radiosensitive populations."
541,brain tumour,39528571,Discovery of miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in glioblastoma reveals novel insights into tumor microenvironment remodeling.,"Adult glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary brain tumor, accounting for nearly half of all malignant brain tumors, with a median survival rate of only 8 months. Treatment for GBM is largely ineffective due to the highly invasive nature and complex tumor composition of this malignancy. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are short, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to messenger RNAs (mRNA). While specific miRNA have been associated with GBM, their precise roles in tumor development and progression remain unclear. In this study, the analysis of miRNA expression data from 743 adult GBM cases and 59 normal brain samples identified 94 downregulated miRNA and 115 upregulated miRNA. Many of these miRNA were previously linked to GBM pathology, confirming the robustness of our approach, while we also identified novel miRNA that may act as potential regulators in GBM. By integrating miRNA predictions with gene expression data, we were able to associate downregulated miRNA with tumor microenvironment factors, including extracellular matrix remodeling and signaling pathways involved in tumor initiation, while upregulated miRNA were found to be associated with essential neuronal processes. This analysis highlights the significance of miRNA in GBM and serves as a foundation for further investigation."
542,brain tumour,39528501,Cancer cells sense solid stress to enhance metastasis by CKAP4 phase separation-mediated microtubule branching.,"Solid stress, originating from rigid and elastic components of extracellular matrix and cells, is a typical physical hallmark of tumors. Mounting evidence indicates that elevated solid stress drives metastasis and affects prognosis. However, the molecular mechanism of how cancer cells sense solid stress, thereby exacerbating malignancy, remains elusive. In this study, our clinical data suggest that elevated stress in metastatic solid tumors is highly associated with the expression of cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4). Intriguingly, CKAP4, as a sensitive intracellular mechanosensor, responds specifically to solid stress in a subset of studied tumor micro-environmental elements through liquid-liquid phase separation. These micron-scaled CKAP4 puncta adhere tightly onto microtubules and dramatically reorchestrate their curvature and branching to enhance cell spreading, which, as a result, boosts cancer cell motility and facilitates distant metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, the intrinsically disordered region 1 (IDR1) of CKAP4 binds to microtubules, while IDR2 governs phase separation due to the Ca"
543,brain tumour,39527784,Malignant sarcomatous transformation of calvarial fibrous dysplasia: illustrative case.,"Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a nonheritable genetic disorder characterized by abnormal osteogenesis, resulting in benign bone lesions in one or multiple bones. Despite their predominantly benign nature, these lesions can transform into malignant neoplasms, resulting in pain, swelling, disfigurement, and even death. The authors report a case of malignant sarcomatous transformation in an adult patient with a history of craniofacial FD."
544,brain tumour,39527541,Postoperative Karnofsky performance status prediction in patients with IDH wild-type glioblastoma: A multimodal approach integrating clinical and deep imaging features.,"Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor with limited survival that poses challenges in predicting patient outcomes. The Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score is a valuable tool for assessing patient functionality and contributes to the stratification of patients with poor prognoses. This study aimed to develop a 6-month postoperative KPS prediction model by combining clinical data with deep learning-based image features from pre- and postoperative MRI scans, offering enhanced personalized care for glioblastoma patients."
545,brain tumour,39527410,Self-supervised Multi-scale Multi-modal Graph Pool Transformer for Sellar Region Tumor Diagnosis.,"The sellar region tumor is a brain tumor that only exists in the brain sellar, which affects the central nervous system. The early diagnosis of the sellar region tumor subtypes helps clinicians better understand the best treatment and recovery of pa-tients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has proven to be an effective tool for the early detection of sellar region tumors. However, the existing sellar region tumor diagnosis still remains challenging due to the small amount of dataset and data imbalance. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel self-supervised multi-scale multi-modal graph pool Transformer (MMGPT) network that can enhance the multi-modal fusion of small and imbalanced MRI data of sellar region tumors. MMGPT can strengthen feature interaction between multi-modal images, which makes our model more robust. A contrastive learning equipped auto-encoder (CAE) via self-supervised learning (SSL) is adopted to learn more detailed information between different samples. The proposed CAE transfers the pre-trained knowledge to the downstream tasks. Finally, a hybrid loss is equipped to relieve the performance degradation caused by data imbalance. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods and obtains higher accuracy and AUC in the classification of sellar region tumors."
546,brain tumour,39527383,Epidemiology of glioblastoma in Pakistan: a secondary analysis of the Pakistan Brain Tumor Epidemiology Study (PBTES).,"The incidence and outcomes of glioblastoma (GBM) patients in Pakistan remain unassessed owing to a lack of cancer registries and the absence of population-based studies. For any specific population-based oncological intervention, epidemiology must be studied. Therefore, this study aims to examine the epidemiological characteristics of glioblastoma patients in Pakistan, as part of a secondary analysis of a nationwide epidemiological study."
547,brain tumour,39527321,Evaluation of ploidy and the DNA index by flow cytometry in central nervous system tumors: a review.,"Research on central nervous system tumors (CNSTs) has a significant impact on the diagnosis and prognosis of patients. Currently, CNSTs are classified according to the schema proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), which considers clinical, histopathological, and molecular characteristics, highlighting the importance of tumor biology for accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment approaches. Despite these advances, assessing DNA ploidy-a marker of tumor aggressiveness-remains complex in CNSTs. This review investigates the utility of DNA index (DNAi) and DNA ploidy analysis by flow cytometry in diagnosing CNSTs and prognosing their outcomes. We systematically reviewed studies in the PubMed database from 1990 to the present using the keywords ""DNA Index"", ""Brain"", ""Flow cytometry"", and ""Ploidy"". We identified 151 studies, 36 of which met our inclusion criteria. We found considerable variation in sample sizes and methodological variation across the studies. Discrepancies between the reported DNAi and ploidy values were observed. Aneuploidy is generally associated with more aggressive tumors, although exceptions exist. Higher DNAi levels correlate with increased malignancy, notably in glioblastomas, astrocytomas, and meningiomas, whereas diploid astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas are associated with shorter survival rates. DNA ploidy assessment via flow cytometry could predict CNST behavior, yet methodological issues with tissue selection, adequate control samples, and technique variability remain. DNAi and ploidy assessments show promise as prognostic markers in CNSTs. However, the standardization of flow cytometry protocols and alignment with the current WHO classification schema are essential steps to integrate ploidy analysis in routine CNST assessment."
548,brain tumour,39527264,FET PET to differentiate between post-treatment changes and recurrence in high-grade gliomas: a single center multidisciplinary clinic controlled study.,"The clinico-radiological dilemma in post-treatment high-grade gliomas, between disease recurrence (TR) and treatment-related changes (TRC), still persists. FET (Fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine) PET has been extensively used as problem-solving modality for cases where MR imaging is inconclusive. We incorporated a systematic imaging and clinical follow-up algorithm in a multi-disciplinary clinic (MDC) setting to analyse our cohort of FET PET in post-treatment gliomas."
549,brain tumour,39527162,Glucose chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI for predicting the histological grade of rectal cancer: a comparative study with amide proton transfer-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging.,To evaluate the utility of glucose chemical exchange saturation transfer (glucoCEST) MRI with non-contrast injection in predicting the histological grade of rectal cancer.
550,brain tumour,39527145,,"Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy has shown promising responses in clinical trials for highly aggressive cancers such as advanced melanoma and metastatic colorectal cancer. However, TIL therapy is still limited in clinical practice due to the complex "
551,brain tumour,39527131,Intracranial angioleiomyoma mimicking meningioma: an uncommon tumor with favorable outcome and frequent GJA4 mutation.,"Intracranial angioleiomyoma (IALM) is a rare neoplasm mimicking meningioma. We aimed to explore the clinical and molecular characteristics of IALMs. We included 40 patients with IALMs who had tumor resection at our center from 2009 to 2022. Clinicopathological and radiological characteristics were extracted and analyzed thoroughly. GJA4 mutation status was detected and correlated with clinical characteristics. IALMs accounted for about 10% of all angioleiomyoma and had a significant male predominance compared to extracranial angioleiomyoma (p=0.04). However, there was no age difference between extracranial angioleiomyomas and IALMs. In our IALM cohort, orbital (35%) were the most common tumor location, followed by tentorium (25.0%), cavernous sinuous (17.5%). Vision decrease, diplopia and exophthalmos (40%) were the most common symptom. The radiological characteristics of ILAMs were similar to meningiomas; 20 patients (57.1%) in our cohort were misdiagnosed as meningioma preoperatively. Gross total resection was achieved in all patients. The postoperative pathology showed median Ki-67 index was 1% (range: 0-10%). Vision improvement or exophthalmos relief was achieved in 12 of 16 patients (75.0%). During the long-term follow-up (mean 70.3 months, range 30 - 128 months), no patient experienced tumor recurrence or died of tumor progression, indicating that IALM was clinically benign. GJA4 mutation (p. Gly41Cys) was detected in 17 (42.5%) patients. Of note, the correlations analysis revealed that orbital and cavernous sinus areas (64.7%) were the leading location that harbor GJA4 mutations. Tumors with mutant GJA4 were associated with positive progesterone receptor (PR) expression (p=0.02). This first large case series demonstrated that IALM predominantly affected males, was located in the cavernous sinus and orbital areas, and often manifested visual impairment and diplopia. IALM had favorable outcome. Notably, IALMs frequently exhibited a GJA4 mutation, which was linked to the cavernous sinus and orbital locations, as well as PR expression."
552,brain tumour,39526787,Letter: Navigated Intraoperative Ultrasound Offers Effective and Efficient Real-Time Analysis of Intracranial Tumor Resection and Brain Shift.,No abstract found
553,brain tumour,39526772,In Reply: Navigated Intraoperative Ultrasound Offers Effective and Efficient Real-Time Analysis of Intracranial Tumor Resection and Brain Shift.,No abstract found
554,brain tumour,39524997,Brain metastases in newly diagnosed lung cancer: epidemiology and conditional survival.,The brain serves as the primary site for metastasis in patients with both non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The presence of lung cancer with brain metastasis (LCBM) is a debilitating condition associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to assess the incidence and survival rates of LCBM in the United States population.
555,brain tumour,39523551,Markers of tumor-associated macrophages and microglia exhibit high intratumoral heterogeneity in human glioblastoma tissue.,"Human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive tumor with insufficient therapies available. Especially, novel concepts of immune therapies fail due to a complex immunosuppressive microenvironment, high mutational rates, and inter-patient variations. The intratumoral heterogeneity is currently not sufficiently investigated."
556,brain tumour,39523345,DNA methylation classifier to diagnose pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma metastases from different anatomical sites.,"We have recently constructed a DNA methylation classifier that can discriminate between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PAAD) liver metastasis and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) with high accuracy (PAAD-iCCA-Classifier). PAAD is one of the leading causes of cancer of unknown primary and diagnosis is based on exclusion of other malignancies. Therefore, our focus was to investigate whether the PAAD-iCCA-Classifier can be used to diagnose PAAD metastases from other sites."
557,brain tumour,39523336,Darbepoetin alpha has an anxiolytic and anti-neuroinflammatory effect in male rats.,"We aimed to investigate the anxiolytic effect of darbepoetin alpha (DEPO), an erythropoietin derivative, in a neuroinflammation model regarding different behaviors and biological pathways."
558,brain tumour,39523277,Virtual and Augmented Reality in Neurosurgery.,"In this chapter, we explore the role of mixed reality (MxR), a synergy of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), in neurosurgery. MxR marks a significant advancement in surgical planning and execution, enhancing precision, safety, and outcomes. We trace the evolution of neurosurgical techniques, positioning MxR as the latest innovation in a series of technological advancements aimed at improving surgical accuracy and patient safety.The chapter details VR's role in providing immersive preoperative environments for detailed surgical rehearsal, utilizing 3D reconstructions of patient-specific neuroanatomy. AR complements this by overlaying critical digital information onto the surgeon's real-time view, thus reducing cognitive load and enhancing focus during critical surgical phases.We specifically highlight MxR's application in brain tumor and skull base surgery, demonstrating its capacity to facilitate meticulous planning and navigation through complex anatomical structures. The chapter includes case studies illustrating MxR's effectiveness in cerebrovascular surgeries, such as arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and aneurysm treatments, and discusses its potential in neurosurgical training and custom implant design.Concluding with a discussion of the challenges in MxR adoption and future perspectives, the chapter underscores MxR's potential to revolutionize neurosurgical interventions, making them safer, more efficient, and tailored to individual patient needs."
559,brain tumour,39523275,The Brain Connectome for Clinical Neuroscience.,"In this chapter, we introduce the topic of the brain connectome, consisting of the complete set of both the structural and functional connections of the brain. Connectomic information and the large-scale network architecture of the brain provide an improved understanding of the organization and functional relevance of human cortical and subcortical anatomy. We discuss various analytical methods to both identify and interpret structural and functional connectivity data. In turn, we discuss how these data provide significant clinical promise for neurosurgery, neurology, and psychiatry in that more informed decisions can be made based on connectomic information. These data can provide safer and more informed network-based neurosurgery for brain tumor patients and even offer the possibility to modulate the brain connectome."
560,brain tumour,39523273,Computational Modeling and AI in Radiation Neuro-Oncology and Radiosurgery.,"The chapter explores the extensive integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare systems, with a specific focus on its application in stereotactic radiosurgery. The rapid evolution of AI technology has led to promising developments in this field, particularly through the utilization of machine learning and deep learning models. The diverse implementation of AI algorithms was developed from various aspects of radiosurgery, including the successful detection of spontaneous tumors and the automated delineation or segmentation of lesions. These applications show potential for extension to longitudinal treatment follow-up. Additionally, the chapter highlights the established use of machine learning algorithms, particularly those incorporating radiomic-based analysis, in predicting treatment outcomes. The discussion encompasses current achievements, existing limitations, and the need for further investigation in the dynamic intersection of AI and radiosurgery."
561,brain tumour,39523270,Machine and Deep Learning in Hyperspectral Fluorescence-Guided Brain Tumor Surgery.,"Malignant glioma resection is often the first line of treatment in neuro-oncology. During glioma surgery, the discrimination of tumor's edges can be challenging at the infiltration zone, even by using surgical adjuncts such as fluorescence guidance (e.g., with 5-aminolevulinic acid). Challenging cases in which there is no visible fluorescence include lower-grade gliomas, tumor cells infiltrating beyond the margin as visualized on pre- and/or intraoperative MRI, and even some high-grade tumors. One field of research aiming to address this problem involves inspecting in detail the light emission spectra from different tissues (e.g., tumor vs. normal brain vs. brain parenchyma infiltrated by tumor cells). Hyperspectral imaging measures the emission spectrum at every image pixel level, thus combining spatial and spectral information. Assuming that different tissue types have different ""spectral footprints,"" eventually related to higher or lower abundances of fluorescent dyes or auto-fluorescing molecules, the tissue can then be segmented according to type, providing surgeons a detailed spatial map of what they see. However, processing from raw hyperspectral data cubes to maps or overlays of tissue labels and potentially further molecular information is complex. This chapter will explore some of the classical methods for the various steps of this process and examine how they can be improved with machine learning approaches. While preliminary work on machine learning in hyperspectral imaging has had relatively limited success in brain tumor surgery, more recent research combines this with fluorescence to obtain promising results. In particular, this chapter describes a pipeline that isolates biopsies in ex vivo hyperspectral fluorescence images for efficient labeling, extracts all the relevant emission spectra, preprocesses them to correct for various optical properties, and determines the abundance of fluorophores in each pixel, which correspond directly with the presence of cancerous tissue. Each step contains a combination of classical and deep learning-based methods. Furthermore, the fluorophore abundances are then used in four machine learning models to classify tumor type, WHO grade, margin tissue type, and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status in brain tumors. The classifiers achieved average test accuracies of 87%, 96.1%, 86%, and 93%, respectively, thus greatly outperforming prior work both with and without fluorescence. This field is new, but these early results show great promise for the feasibility of data-driven hyperspectral imaging for intraoperative classification of brain tumors during fluorescence-guided surgery."
562,brain tumour,39523269,Machine Learning and Radiomics in Gliomas.,"The integration of machine learning (ML) and radiomics is emerging as a pivotal advancement in glioma research, offering novel insights into the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of these complex tumors. Radiomics involves the extraction of a multitude of quantitative features from medical images. When these features are analyzed through ML algorithms, the precision of tumor characterization is enhanced beyond traditional methods.This chapter examines the application of both supervised and unsupervised ML techniques for interpreting radiomic data, highlighting their potential for accurately predicting tumor grade, identifying genetic mutations, estimating patient survival rates, and evaluating treatment responses. The ability of ML-based radiomic analysis to discern intricate patterns in tumor imaging, imperceptible to human observation, is particularly emphasized.Challenges in this field, including data diversity, overfitting risks, and the need for extensive, annotated datasets, are critically assessed. The necessity of integrating these advanced technologies into clinical practice through interdisciplinary collaboration is underscored as a crucial factor for their effective utilization.Overall, the synergy between ML and radiomics in glioma research represents a significant step toward personalized medicine, offering enhanced tools for patient-specific treatment strategies."
563,brain tumour,39523268,Meta-transfer Learning for Brain Tumor Segmentation: Within and Beyond Glioma.,"In recent years, numerous algorithms have emerged for the segmentation of brain tumors, propelled by both the advancements of deep learning techniques and the influential open benchmark set by the BraTS challenge. This chapter provides an overview of the background that gave rise to automated brain tumor segmentation algorithms, reviews representative deep learning-based approaches, and reflects their limits on clinical applicability. While these algorithms showcase promising results in fully supervised settings, they may not perform well to other types of brain tumors without substantial samples for model re-training or fine-tuning. Recognizing this limitation, we explore a new learning framework designed to facilitate fast adaptation to new tumor types with only a few labeled data samples."
564,brain tumour,39523267,Artificial Intelligence in Brain Tumors.,"The introduction of ""intelligent machines"" goes back to Alan Turing in the 1940s. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a broad umbrella covering different methodologies, such as machine learning and deep learning. Deep learning, characterized by multilayered computational models, has revolutionized data representation across various abstraction levels. Deep learning can unravel complex structures within extensive datasets by guiding computer algorithms to adjust internal parameters for successive data representation layers.Specifically, deep convolutional networks have advanced image, video, and audio data analysis, while recurrent networks have offered insights into sequential data, notably in medical imaging. Radiomics involves extraction and quantification of features from medical images and has emerged as an important field of research. Interesting predictions can be made with the help of radiomics features and machine learning algorithms. This chapter reviews the applications of AI methodologies in brain tumors. We highlight the significance of data preprocessing and augmentation and explore deep learning models for brain tumor segmentation and the fusion of clinical and imaging data."
565,brain tumour,39523263,Computer Vision in Digital Neuropathology.,"Digital pathology has revolutionized the field of neuropathology, enabling rapid and precise analysis of tissue samples. As neuropathologists and neurosurgeons increasingly embrace digital platforms, computer vision techniques and computerized quantitative analyses (i.e., pathomics) play a pivotal role in automating and enhancing diagnostic processes, as well as in unlocking new insights from neuropathological images. This chapter explores the role of computer vision in bridging the gap between traditional and digital neuropathology, providing a comprehensive overview of computer vision applications in neuropathology, covering image preprocessing, and decision support for clinical tasks, such as early detection of neurological disorders, classification of brain tumors, and quantitative assessment of tissue biomarkers. In addition, we further delve into the challenges and opportunities presented by large-scale image datasets and the integration of digital pathology into neurosurgical practice."
566,brain tumour,39523261,Computational Fractal-Based Neurosurgery.,"Fractal geometry is a branch of mathematics used to characterize and quantify the geometrical complexity of natural objects, with many applications in different fields, including physics, astronomy, geology, meteorology, finances, social sciences, and computer graphics. In the biomedical sciences, the use of fractal parameters has allowed the introduction of novel morphometric parameters, which have been shown to be useful to characterize any biomedical images as well as any time series within different domains of applications. Specifically, in the neurosciences and neurosurgery, the use of the fractal dimension and other computationally inferred fractal parameters has offered robust morphometric quantitators to characterize the brain in its wholeness, from neurons to the cortical structure and connections, and introduced new prognostic, diagnostic, and eventually therapeutic markers of many diseases of neurosurgical interest, including brain tumors and cerebrovascular malformations, as summarized in this chapter."
567,brain tumour,39523101,"[A predictive model for survival outcomes of glioma patients based on multi-parametric, multi-regional MRI radiomics features and clinical features].",To establish a predictive model for survival outcomes of glioma patients based on both brain radiomics features from preoperative MRI multi-sequence images and clinical features.
568,brain tumour,39523084,[Gastrodin alleviates microglia-mediated inflammatory responses in neonatal mice with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage by regulating CCR5/AKT signaling].,To investigate the mechanism behind the protective effects of gastrodin against microglia-mediated inflammatory responses following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in neonatal mice.
569,brain tumour,39522992,Vessel Wall Magnetic Resonance Imaging Showing Intravascular Large B-cell Lymphoma Infiltration: Association with Pathological Findings.,"A 75-year-old man presented with cognitive decline, headaches, and ataxic gait. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed acute infarcts in multiple brain regions, and vessel wall MRI (VW-MRI) demonstrated concentric arterial wall thickening and enhancement in some intracranial arteries, initially suggesting primary central nervous system vasculitis (PCNSV). Despite immunosuppressive therapy, the patient developed further infarction. A skin biopsy revealed intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL), and autopsy revealed tumor cells in the arterial walls corresponding to the VW-MRI findings. This case highlights the risk of a misdiagnosis of PCNSV based solely on imaging findings and underscores the need for histological confirmation."
570,brain tumour,39522820,Management of Dry Mouth Toxicity Following ,Treatment options for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer include the use of radioligand therapy with 
571,brain tumour,39522660,Cross-disease drug discovery based on bioinformatics and virtual screening: Study of key genes in Alzheimer's disease and ovarian cancer.,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer, both age-related diseases, are characterized by abnormal cellular behavior. Epidemiological data indicate an inverse relationship between AD and various cancers. Accordingly, this study seeks to analyze the negatively correlated genes between AD and ovarian cancer and identify closely related compounds through virtual screening technology to explore potential therapeutic drugs."
572,brain tumour,39522625,Exploring tissue permeability of brain tumours in different grades: Insights from pore-scale fluid dynamics analysis.,"Interstitial fluid (ISF) flow is identified as an essential physiological process that plays an important role in the development and progression of brain tumours. However, the relationship between the permeability of the tumour tissue, a complex porous medium, and the interstitial fluid flow around the tumour cells at the microscale is not well understood. To shed light on this issue, and in the absence of experimental techniques that can provide direct measurements, we develop a computational model to predict the tissue permeability of brain tumours in different grades by analysing the ISF flow at the pore scale. The 3-D geometrical models of tissue extracellular spaces are digitally reconstructed for each grade tumour based on their morphological properties measured from microscopic images. The predictive accuracy of the framework is validated by experimental results reported in the literature. Our results indicate that high-grade brain tumours are less permeable despite their higher porosity, whereas necrotic areas of glioblastoma are more permeable than the viable tumour areas. This implies that tissue permeability is primarily governed by both tissue porosity and the deposition of hyaluronic acid (HA), a key component of the extracellular matrix, while the HA deposition can have a greater effect than macro-level porosity. Parametric studies show that tissue permeability falls exponentially with increasing HA concentration in all grades of brain tumours, and this can be captured using an empirically derived relationship in a quantitative manner. These findings provide an improved understanding of the hydraulic properties of brain tumours and their intrinsic links to tumour microstructure. This work can be used to reveal the intratumoural physiochemical processes that rely on fluid flow and offer a powerful tool to tune textured and porous biomaterials for desired transport properties. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Interstitial fluid flow in the extracellular space of brain tumours plays a crucial role in their progression, development, and response to drug treatments. However, the mechanisms of interstitial fluid transport around tumour cells and the characterization of these microscale transports at the tissue scale to meet clinical requirements are largely unknown. In the absence of advanced experimental techniques to capture these pore-scale transport phenomena, we have developed and validated a computational framework to successfully reveal these phenomena across all grades of brain tumours. For the first time, we have quantitatively determined the tissue permeability of all grades of brain tumours as a function of the concentration of hyaluronic acid, a key component of the extracellular matrix. This framework will enhance our ability to capture the intratumoural physicochemical processes in brain tumours and correlate them with tumour tissue-scale behaviours."
573,brain tumour,39522081,Primary intracranial sarcoma associated with DICER1 mutant: a case report and preclinical investigation.,"Primary intracranial sarcoma (PIS) is a rare and aggressive pediatric brain tumor, which is partially associated with DICER1 mutant. Although the molecular genetic characteristics of this tumor have previously been investigated, novel therapeutic targets remain unclear. Further, the lack of faithful preclinical models has hampered the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Herein, we describe a pediatric case of PIS with DICER1 mutant and describe the development of the first novel patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of this rare tumor. Somatic genomic profiling of the tumor revealed mutations in DICER1, TP53, and ATRX. Germline analysis further revealed a pathogenic variant of DICER1, significant for the diagnosis and management of hereditary tumor predisposition syndrome. Overall, we demonstrated that the PDX model faithfully retained the phenotype and genotype of the patient's tumor, as well as the DNA methylation profile. Through high-throughput drug screening using PDX tumor cells, we found that activation of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling pathway reduced tumor cell viability. These findings indicate that the RAR signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for PIS in DICER1 mutant."
574,brain tumour,39521782,Enhancing anti-EGFRvIII CAR T cell therapy against glioblastoma with a paracrine SIRPγ-derived CD47 blocker.,"A significant challenge for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy against glioblastoma (GBM) is its immunosuppressive microenvironment, which is densely populated by protumoral glioma-associated microglia and macrophages (GAMs). Myeloid immune checkpoint therapy targeting the CD47-signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) axis induces GAM phagocytic function, but CD47 blockade monotherapy is associated with toxicity and low bioavailability in solid tumors. In this work, we engineer a CAR T cell against epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII), constitutively secreting a signal regulatory protein gamma-related protein (SGRP) with high affinity to CD47. Anti-EGFRvIII-SGRP CAR T cells eradicate orthotopic EGFRvIII-mosaic GBM in vivo, promoting GAM-mediated tumor cell phagocytosis. In a subcutaneous CD19"
575,brain tumour,39521145,Meta-analysis reveals an inverse relationship between Alzheimer's disease and cancer.,"Recent reports have suggested an inverse relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We performed an epidemiological meta-analysis to assess cancer likelihood in AD patients and vice versa and explored the role of APOE in tumor immunity across 33 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cancer types. Our analysis revealed that people with AD are epidemiologically less likely to develop cancer than individuals without AD (RR: 0.53), and cancer patients are less likely to develop AD than non-cancer patients (RR: 0.61). Notably, APOE expression was positively associated with anti-tumor immune signatures and prevalent in early-stage tumors. This research reveals that AD patients are less likely to develop cancer and vice versa, pinpoints APOE gene as a risk factor for AD with anti-tumor activity, and provides new insight into the epidemiologically observed inverse relationship between both diseases."
576,brain tumour,39521066,Resting-state functional connectivity is correlated with peripheral inflammatory markers in patients with major depressive disorder and healthy controls.,"Recent studies have highlighted the significant role of inflammation in the development and progression of major depressive disorder (MDD). Elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines have consistently been observed in MDD, and these markers are shown to be linked to disruptions in brain networks. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between inflammatory markers and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in patients with MDD."
577,brain tumour,39521041,The engagement of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PLCγ1/PKC pathways regulated by TrkB receptor in resistance of glioma cells to elimination upon apoptosis induction.,"The most aggressive tumors of human central nervous system are anaplastic astrocytoma (AA, III grade) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, IV grade) with an extremely bad prognosis. Their malignant character and resistance to standard therapy are correlated to the over-expression of survival pathways such as Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PLCγ1/PKC regulated by TrkB receptor. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the engagement of those pathways in human glioma cells resistance for apoptosis induction by Temozolomide treatment. Two cancer MOGGCCM (AA) and T98G (GBM) and normal human astrocytes (NHA) cell lines were utilized. The tested inhibitors single and simultaneous action with Temozolomide affection on apoptosis induction was analyzed by MTT, microscopic observations and flow cytometry. Bcl-2:beclin-1 complexes occurrence was also assessed. siRNAs were used for direct proof of tested pathways engagement in gliomas resistance to apoptosis elimination. The most effective in eliminating gliomas with minimal astrocyte damage was 5 μM PLCγ1 inhibitor (U-73122) for MOGGCCM and 15 μM for T98G cells, and 1 μM LOXO-101 for all cancer cells. Sorafenib, Temozolomide, U-73122, and LOXO-101 effectively eliminate cancer cells. Single applications of sorafenib and Temozolomide were effective, but had lower efficiency than U-73122 and LOXO-101. These drugs induced apoptosis, affecting mitochondrial membrane potential and caspases 3, 8, and 9 activity. The study found that a Bcl-2:beclin-1 complex formation was observed when apoptosis was dominant. Inhibiting the pathways regulated by TrkB receptor combined with Temozolomide action, led to successful gliomas elimination. Those results might serve as basis for modern targeted treatment development."
578,brain tumour,39520874,Prediction of intracranial electric field strength and analysis of treatment protocols in tumor electric field therapy targeting gliomas of the brain.,"Tumor Electric Field Therapy (TEFT) is a new treatment for glioblastoma cells with significant effect and few side effects. However, it is difficult to directly measure the intracranial electric field generated by TEFT, and the inability to control the electric field intensity distribution in the tumor target area also limits the clinical therapeutic effect of TEFT. It is a safe and effective way to construct an efficient and accurate prediction model of intracranial electric field intensity of TEFT by numerical simulation."
579,brain tumour,39520731,Predicting radiotoxic effects after BNCT for brain cancer using a novel dose calculation model.,The normal brain is an important dose-limiting organ for brain cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. This study aims to develop a model to calculate photon isoeffective doses (D
580,brain tumour,39520676,Molecular docking and molecular dynamics of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1alpha): towards potential inhibitors.,"HIF-1α is a primary regulator in the adaptation of cancer cells to hypoxia. The aim was to find out new inhibitors of the HIF-1α. A molecular dynamic (MD) simulation performed on HIF-1α showed stable dynamic features. Virtual screening of 217 anticancer drugs was performed along with a positive control (2-Methoxyestradiolm, 2-ME2) on an optimized HIF-1α and dynamically simulated structure. Docking results produced two compounds namely pycnidione and nilotinib of high binding affinity -9.34 kcal/mol and -9.04 kcal/mol respectively, whereas 2-ME2 displayed a relatively lower affinity (-6.68 kcal/mol). For the three complexes, MD of 200 ns simulation was run. Data analysis showed that the three medications behaved similarly in the MD simulation. Nilotinib had a lower RMSD and higher SASA than the other complexes. In addition, the Nilotinib-HIF-1α combination had a lower RMSF value, a flatter Rg, and a number of hydrogen bonds similar to other complexes. MM-GBSA analysis revealed that nilotinib, pycnidione and 2-ME2 compounds had free binding energy of -23.77 ± 5.29, -21.85 ± 4.24 and -7.53 ± 6.62 kcal/mol respectively. Nilotinib and pycnidione bind competitively to HIF-1α, with nilotinib showing consistent molecular-dynamic properties. They relatively pass the blood-brain barrier, non-carcinogenic, and have IV-category acute oral toxicity. They have low CYP inhibitory characteristics. Further investigations are therefore warranted to elucidate their implications in hypoxia pathways, cell proliferation, apoptosis, survival, and metastatic potential."
581,brain tumour,39520226,"Therapeutic effects of pentoxifylline in propionic acid-induced autism symptoms in rat models: A behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological study.",The role of propionic acid (PPA) in eliciting behaviors analogous to autism in rat models is a documented phenomenon. This study examines the therapeutic implications of pentoxifylline-an agent traditionally used for peripheral vascular diseases-on these autism-like behaviors by modulating brain proteins and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in a rat model.
582,brain tumour,39519725,"Psilocin, the Psychoactive Metabolite of Psilocybin, Modulates Select Neuroimmune Functions of Microglial Cells in a 5-HT","Neuroinflammation that is caused by microglia, the main immune cells of the brain, contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. Psychedelics, including psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), possess certain anti-inflammatory properties and, therefore, should be considered as drug candidates for treating neuroinflammatory pathologies. When ingested, psilocybin is rapidly dephosphorylated to yield psilocin, which crosses the blood-brain barrier and exerts psychotropic activity by interacting with the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptors (5-HT"
583,brain tumour,39519594,Protective Effects of Probiotics on Runners' Mood: Immunometabolic Mechanisms Post-Exercise.,"The gut-brain axis may mediate mood changes due to strenuous exercise. Therefore, probiotic supplementation may mitigate mood worsening."
584,brain tumour,39519339,,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor, characterized by poor outcome and limited therapeutic options. During tumor progression, GBM may undergo the process of vasculogenic mimicry (VM), consisting of the formation of vascular-like structures which further promote tumor aggressiveness and malignancy. The resulting resistance to anti-angiogenetic therapies urges the identification of new compounds targeting VM. Extracts of natural plants may represent potential therapeutic tools. Among these, components of "
585,brain tumour,39519336,Therapeutic Contribution of Tau-Binding Thiazoloflavonoid Hybrid Derivatives Against Glioblastoma Using Pharmacological Approach in 3D Spheroids.,"Growing evidence has unveiled the pathological significance of Tau in many cancers, including the most aggressive and lethal brain tumor glioblastoma multiform (GBM). In this regard, we have recently examined the structure-activity relationship of a new series of seventeen 2-aminothiazole-fused to flavonoid hybrid compounds (TZF) on Tau-overexpressing GBM cells. Here, we evaluated the anticancer activities of the two lead compounds "
586,brain tumour,39519177,Noggin-Loaded PLA/PCL Patch Inhibits BMP-Initiated Reactive Astrogliosis.,"Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a congenital birth defect of the spine and spinal cord, commonly treated clinically through prenatal or postnatal surgery by repairing the unclosed spinal canal. Having previously developed a PLA/PCL polymer smart patch for this condition, we aim to further expand the potential therapeutic options by providing additional cellular and biochemical support in addition to its mechanical properties. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a large class of secreted factors that serve as modulators of development in multiple organ systems, including the CNS. We hypothesize that our smart patch mitigates the astrogenesis induced, at least partly, by increased BMP activity during MMC. To test this hypothesis, neural stem or precursor cells were isolated from rat fetuses and cultured in the presence of Noggin, an endogenous antagonist of BMP action, with recombinant BMPs. We found that the developed PLA/PCL patch not only serves as a biocompatible material for developing neural stem cells but was also able to act as a carrier for BMP-Notch pathway inhibitor Noggin, effectively minimizing the effect of BMP2 or BMP4 on NPCs cultured with the Noggin-loaded patch."
587,brain tumour,39519145,"Novel 1,8-Naphthalimide Derivatives Inhibit Growth and Induce Apoptosis in Human Glioblastoma.","Given the rapid advancement of functional 1,8-Naphthalimide derivatives in anticancer research, we synthesized these two novel naphthalimide derivatives with diverse substituents and investigated the effect on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells. Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cell cycle, topoisomerase II and Western blotting assays were evaluated for these compounds against GBM in vitro. A human GBM xenograft mouse model established by subcutaneously injecting U87-MG cells and the treatment responses were assessed. Both compounds "
588,brain tumour,39519068,Targeting Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenases to Enhance Temozolomide Therapy in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GB) is an aggressive malignant central nervous system tumor that is currently incurable. One of the main pitfalls of GB treatment is resistance to the chemotherapeutic standard of care, temozolomide (TMZ). The role of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) in the glioma stem cell (GSC) subpopulation has been related to chemoresistance. ALDHs take part in processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, invasiveness or metastasis and have been studied as pharmacological targets in cancer treatment. In the present work, three novel α,β-acetylenic amino thiolester compounds, with demonstrated efficacy as ALDH inhibitors, were tested in vitro on a panel of six human GB cell lines and one murine GB cell line. Firstly, the expression of the ALDH1A isoforms was assessed, and then inhibitors were tested for their cytotoxicity and their ability to inhibit cellular ALDH activity. Drug combination assays with TMZ were performed, as well as an assessment of the cell death mechanism and generation of ROS. A knockout of several ALDH genes was carried out in one of the human GB cell lines, allowing us to discuss their role in cell proliferation, migration capacity and resistance to treatment. Our results strongly suggest that ALDH inhibitors could be an interesting approach in the treatment of GB, with EC50 values in the order of micromolar, decreasing ALDH activity in GB cell lines to 40-50%."
589,brain tumour,39518968,17β-Estradiol Abrogates TNF-α-Induced Human Brain Vascular Pericyte Migration by Downregulating miR-638 via ER-β.,"Pericytes (PCs) contribute to brain capillary/BBB integrity and PC migration is a hallmark for brain capillary leakage following pro-inflammatory insults. Estradiol promotes endothelial barrier integrity by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced PC migration. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Since micro-RNAs (miRs) regulate BBB integrity and increases in miR638 and TNF-α occur in pathological events associated with capillary leakage, we hypothesize that TNF-α mediates its capillary disruptive actions via miR638 and that estradiol blocks these actions. Using quantitative reverse transcription PCR, we first assessed the modulatory effects of TNF-α on miR638. The treatment of PCs with TNF-α significantly induced miR638. Moreover, transfection with miR638 mimic induced PC migration, whereas inhibitory miR638 (anti-miR) abrogated the pro-migratory actions of TNF-α, suggesting that TNF-α stimulates PC migration via miR638. At a molecular level, the pro-migratory effects of miR638 involved the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 but not Akt. Interestingly, estradiol downregulated the constitutive and TNF-α-stimulated expression of miR638 and inhibited the TNF-α-induced migration of PCs. In PCs treated with estrogen receptor (ER) ER-α, ER-β, and GPR30 agonists, a significant downregulation in miR638 expression was solely observed in response to DPN, an ER-β agonist. DPN inhibited the pro-migratory effects of TNF-α but not miR638. Additionally, the ectopic expression of miR638 prevented the inhibitory effects of DPN on TNF-α-induced PC migration, suggesting that interference in miR638 formation plays a key role in mediating the inhibitory actions of estradiol/DPN. In conclusion, these findings provide the first evidence that estradiol inhibits TNF-α-induced PC migration by specifically downregulating miR638 via ER-β and may protect the neurovascular unit during injury/stroke via this mechanism."
590,brain tumour,39518390,Detection of a Water-Soluble Hypericin Formulation in Glioblastoma Tissue with Fluorescence Lifetime and Intensity Using a Dual-Tap CMOS Camera System.,"High hypericin-loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone (HHL-PVP) constitutes a novel approach to utilize the promising characteristics of hypericin for photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) of brain tumors in an orally bioavailable formulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of a Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) camera-based fluorescence imaging system to selectively visualize HHL-PVP in glioblastoma tissue even in the presence of 5-Aminolvevulinic acid (5-ALA) induced fluorescence, which is widely utilized in brain tumor surgery."
591,brain tumour,39518124,Diagnostics and Screening in Breast Cancer with Brain and Leptomeningeal Metastasis: A Review of the Literature.,"Brain and leptomeningeal metastases are complications of breast cancer with high rates of morbidity and mortality and have an estimated incidence of up to 30%. While National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend screening for central nervous system metastasis in other neurotropic cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer, there are no such recommendations for asymptomatic breast cancer patients at any stage of disease. This review highlights ongoing studies into screening and diagnostics for breast cancer with brain and leptomeningeal metastasis (BCBLM) as they relate to patient outcomes and prognostication. These include imaging methods such as MRI with novel contrast agents with or without PET/CT, as well as 'liquid biopsy' testing of the cerebrospinal fluid and serum to analyze circulating tumor cells, genomic material, proteins, and metabolites. Given recent advances in radiation, neurosurgery, and systemic treatments for BCBLM, screening for CNS involvement should be considered in patients with advanced breast cancer as it may impact treatment decisions and overall survival."
592,brain tumour,39518115,Utility and Safety of 5-ALA Guided Surgery in Pediatric Brain Tumors: A Systematic Review.,
593,brain tumour,39518107,Tumor-Associated Tractography Derived from High-Angular-Resolution Q-Space MRI May Predict Patterns of Cellular Invasion in Glioblastoma.,"The invasion of glioblastoma cells beyond the visible tumor margin depicted by conventional neuroimaging is believed to mediate recurrence and predict poor survival. Radiomic biomarkers that are associated with the direction and extent of tumor infiltration are, however, non-existent."
594,brain tumour,39518092,Brainstem Toxicity Following Proton Beam Radiation Therapy in Pediatric Brain Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.,
595,brain tumour,39518091,Efficacy and Low Toxicity of Normo-Fractionated Re-Irradiation with Combined Chemotherapy for Recurrent Glioblastoma-An Analysis of Treatment Response and Failure.,"Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. Even after maximal safe resection and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, patients normally relapse after a few years or even months. Standard treatment for recurrent glioblastoma is not yet defined, with re-resection, re-irradiation, and systemic therapy playing key roles. Usually, re-irradiation is combined with concurrent chemotherapy, harnessing the radiosensitizing effects of alkylating agents."
596,brain tumour,39518074,Evolution of Molecular Biomarkers and Precision Molecular Therapeutic Strategies in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma is the most commonly occurring malignant brain tumor, with a high mortality rate despite current treatments. Its classification has evolved over the years to include not only histopathological features but also molecular findings. Given the heterogeneity of glioblastoma, molecular biomarkers for diagnosis have become essential for initiating treatment with current therapies, while new technologies for detecting specific variations using computational tools are being rapidly developed. Advances in molecular genetics have made possible the creation of tailored therapies based on specific molecular targets, with various degrees of success. This review provides an overview of the latest advances in the fields of histopathology and radiogenomics and the use of molecular markers for management of glioblastoma, as well as the development of new therapies targeting the most common molecular markers. Furthermore, we offer a summary of the results of recent preclinical and clinical trials to recognize the current trends of investigation and understand the possible future directions of molecular targeted therapies in glioblastoma."
597,brain tumour,39518054,Radiomics-Based Machine Learning with Natural Gradient Boosting for Continuous Survival Prediction in Glioblastoma.,"(1) Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, with an aggressive disease course that requires accurate prognosis for individualized treatment planning. This study aims to develop and evaluate a radiomics-based machine learning (ML) model to estimate overall survival (OS) for patients with GBM using pre-treatment multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (2) Methods: The MRI data of 865 patients with GBM were assessed, comprising 499 patients from the UPENN-GBM dataset and 366 patients from the UCSF-PDGM dataset. A total of 14,598 radiomic features were extracted from T1, T1 with contrast, T2, and FLAIR MRI sequences using PyRadiomics. The UPENN-GBM dataset was used for model development (70%) and internal validation (30%), while the UCSF-PDGM dataset served as an external test set. The NGBoost Survival model was developed to generate continuous probability estimates as well as predictions for 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month OS. (3) Results: The NGBoost Survival model successfully predicted survival, achieving a C-index of 0.801 on internal validation and 0.725 on external validation. For 6-month OS, the model attained an AUROC of 0.791 (95% CI: 0.742-0.832) and 0.708 (95% CI: 0.654-0.748) for internal and external validation, respectively. (4) Conclusions: The radiomics-based ML model demonstrates potential to improve the prediction of OS for patients with GBM."
598,brain tumour,39518012,Cancer Therapy-Induced Encephalitis.,"Encephalitis associated with cancer therapies is a rare but serious complication that can significantly impact patients' quality of life and it requires prompt identification and management. Over the past two decades, immunotherapy-particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors-has become a cornerstone of cancer treatment, with up to half of metastatic cancer patients in economically developed countries now receiving these therapies. The widespread adoption of immunotherapy has led to improved survival rates and long-term remissions, even in patients with advanced metastatic disease. However, as immune modulators, these therapies can trigger a range of immune-related adverse events, including a variety of novel neurological toxicities. Among these, encephalitis is of particular concern due to its potential severity, which can compromise treatment outcomes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on this condition, highlighting optimal diagnostic strategies and management approaches to mitigate the risk of significant morbidity, while also comparing encephalitis induced by immunotherapy with that caused by traditional chemotherapies and targeted oncologic treatments."
599,brain tumour,39516674,"Epidemiology of malignant brain tumors in Genova, Italy. 1993-2017.","We present an updated analysis on the incidence of primary brain tumors in the Metropolitan Area of Genova, the capital of the northwestern Italian region Liguria.The number of cases and incidence rates for all malignant brain tumors, glioblastoma, malignant brain tumors other than glioblastoma, and brain tumors not otherwise specified were calculated for each of seven three-year and one-eighth four-year periods in which the quarter century 1993-2017 was divided. The rates were age-adjusted (AAR) using the 2013 European standard population, presented per 100,000 person-years and the average percentage change over the three-year period was calculated.The number of cases of all malignant brain tumors and glioblastoma was higher in males than in females in each three-year period and in the entire quarter century 1993-2017. During the latter, the average three-year percentage change in AARs for all brain tumors was minimal [0.6 (95% C.I. = -1.0/2.1) %] while for glioblastoma there was a change of 5.3 (95% C.I. = -0.4/11.3) %. The partially concurrent decline in the incidence rates of malignant brain tumors other than glioblastoma or not otherwise specified suggests that the observed increase in the incidence rate of glioblastoma during 1993-2017 may have been at least partially linked to the improvement during the same period in sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of glioblastoma, depleting the reservoirs of other malignant or unspecified brain tumors. Research into possibly increased environmental risk factors (e.g., population exposure to ionizing radiation) for glioblastoma in Genova remains warranted."
600,brain tumour,39516657,Enhancing low-dose radiotherapy efficacy with PARP inhibitors via FBL-mediated oxidative stress response in colorectal cancer.,"The effectiveness of radiotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) relies on its ability to induce cell death via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, genes responsible for mitigating oxidative stress can impede radiotherapy's efficacy. In this study, we elucidate a significant association between the nucleolar protein Fibrillarin (FBL) and the oxidative stress response in CRC tumors. Our findings reveal elevated expression of FBL in colorectal cancer, which positively correlates with oxidative stress levels. Mechanistically, FBL demonstrates direct accumulation at DNA damage sites under the regulation of PARP1. Specifically, the N-terminal GAR domain of FBL is susceptible to PARylation by PARP1, enabling FBL to recognize PARylated proteins. The accumulation of damaged FBL plays a pivotal role in facilitating short-patched base excision repair by recruiting Ligase III and disassociating PCNA and FEN1. Moreover, tumors with heightened FBL expression exhibit reduced DNA damage levels but increased sensitivity to combined low-dose radiotherapy and olaparib treatment. This underscores the potential of leveraging PARP inhibitors to augment radiotherapy sensitivity in CRC cases characterized by elevated FBL expression, offering a promising therapeutic avenue."
601,brain tumour,39516641,Viruses in glioblastoma: an update on evidence and clinical trials.,"Glioblastoma (GB) is a lethal and aggressive brain tumour. While molecular characteristics of GB is studied extensively, the aetiology of GB remains uncertain. The interest in exploring viruses as a potential contributor to the development of GB stems from the notion that viruses are known to play a key role in pathogenesis of other human cancers such as cervical cancer. Nevertheless, the role of viruses in GB remains controversial."
602,brain tumour,39516530,ZBTB18 regulates cytokine expression and affects microglia/macrophage recruitment and commitment in glioblastoma.,"Glioma associated macrophages/microglia (GAMs) play an important role in glioblastoma (GBM) progression, due to their massive recruitment to the tumor site and polarization to a tumor promoting phenotype. GAMs secrete a variety of cytokines, which facilitate tumor cell growth and invasion, and prevent other immune cells from mounting an immune response against the tumor. Here, we demonstrate that zinc finger and BTB containing domain 18 (ZBTB18), a transcriptional repressor with tumor suppressive function in glioblastoma, impairs the production of key cytokines, which function as chemoattractant for GAMs. Consistently, we observe a reduced migration of GAMs when ZBTB18 is expressed by glioblastoma cells, both in cell culture and in vivo experiments. Moreover, RNA sequencing analysis shows that the presence of ZBTB18 in glioblastoma cells alters the commitment of conditioned microglia, suggesting the loss of the immune-suppressive phenotype and the acquisition of pro-inflammatory features. Thus, therapeutic approaches to increase ZBTB18 expression in GBM cells could represent an effective adjuvant to immune therapy in GBM."
603,brain tumour,39516471,CARD16 restores tumorigenesis and restraints apoptosis in glioma cells Via FOXO1/TRAIL axis.,"A hallmark of glioma cells, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells, is their resistance to apoptosis. Accumulating evidences has demonstrated that CARD16, a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) only protein, enhances both anti-apoptotic and tumorigenic properties. Nevertheless, there is a limited understanding of the expression and functional role of CARD16 in glioma. This study seeks to investigate, through in silico analysis and clinical specimens, the role of CARD16 as a potential tumor promoter in glioma. Functional assays and molecular studies revealed that CARD16 promotes tumorigenesis and suppresses apoptosis in glioma cells. Moreover, knockdown of CARD16 enhances the expression of the FOXO1/TRAIL axis in GBM cells. Additionally, FOXO1 downregulation in CARD16 knockdown GBM cells restores proliferation and reduces apoptosis. Further investigation demonstrated that elevated P21 expression inhibits CDK2-mediated FOXO1 phosphorylation and ubiquitination in CARD16-knockdown GBM cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that CARD16 is a tumor-promoting molecular in glioma via downregulating FOXO1/TRAIL axis, and suppressing TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The CARD16 gene presents significant potential for prognostic prediction and advances in innovative apoptotic therapeutics."
604,brain tumour,39516455,KHDRBS1 regulates the pentose phosphate pathway and malignancy of GBM through SNORD51-mediated polyadenylation of ZBED6 pre-mRNA.,"Glioblastoma is one of the most common and aggressive primary brain tumors. The aberration of metabolism is the important character of GBM cells and is tightly related to the malignancy of GBM. We mainly verified the regulatory effects of KHDRBS1, SNORD51 and ZBED6 on pentose phosphate pathway and malignant biological behavior in glioblastoma cells, such as proliferation, migration and invasion. KHDRBS1 and SNORD51 were upregulated in GBM tissues and cells. But ZBED6 had opposite tendency in GBM tissues and cells. KHDRBS1 may improve the stability of SNORD51 by binding to SNORD51, thus elevating the expression of SNORD51. More importantly, SNORD51 can competitively bind to WDR33 with 3'UTR of ZBED6 pre-mRNA which can inhibit the 3' end processing of ZBED6 pre-mRNA, thereby inhibiting the expression of ZBED6 mRNA. ZBED6 inhibited the transcription of G6PD by binding to the promoter region of G6PD. Therefore, the KHDRBS1/SNORD51/ZBED6 pathway performs an important part in regulating the pentose phosphate pathway to influence malignant biological behavior of GBM cells, providing new insights and potential targets for the treatment of GBM."
605,brain tumour,39516410,4E-BP3 deficiency impairs dendritic cell activation and CD4,"Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-associated myocarditis is a rare but potentially fatal immune-related adverse event. Previously, we reported a case of ICI-associated myocarditis with elevated autoantibodies to 4E-binding protein 3 (4E-BP3). Recent studies have suggested that 4E-BP3 may play an important role in tumor development. However, its role in cardiac diseases including myocarditis is unknown. We investigated the role of 4E-BP3 in an autoimmune myocarditis mouse model. Myocarditis was induced in wild-type and 4E-BP3 knockout mice by immunization with murine α-myosin peptide. 4E-BP3 gene expression was upregulated in the heart of myocarditis mouse. We found that genetic deletion of 4E-BP3 attenuated myocardial inflammation, reduced fibrosis area, and improved cardiac function in myocarditis mice. Studies in bone marrow-chimeric mice demonstrated that immune cell-derived 4E-BP3 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of myocarditis. Immune cell transfer experiments revealed that 4E-BP3 deficiency in dendritic cells and CD4"
606,brain tumour,39516198,Reconstructing the regulatory programs underlying the phenotypic plasticity of neural cancers.,"Nervous system cancers exhibit diverse transcriptional cell states influenced by normal development, injury response, and growth. However, the understanding of these states' regulation and pharmacological relevance remains limited. Here we present ""single-cell regulatory-driven clustering"" (scregclust), a method that reconstructs cellular regulatory programs from extensive collections of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from both tumors and developing tissues. The algorithm efficiently divides target genes into modules, predicting key transcription factors and kinases with minimal computational time. Applying this method to adult and childhood brain cancers, we identify critical regulators and suggest interventions that could improve temozolomide treatment in glioblastoma. Additionally, our integrative analysis reveals a meta-module regulated by SPI1 and IRF8 linked to an immune-mediated mesenchymal-like state. Finally, scregclust's flexibility is demonstrated across 15 tumor types, uncovering both pan-cancer and specific regulators. The algorithm is provided as an easy-to-use R package that facilitates the exploration of regulatory programs underlying cell plasticity."
607,brain tumour,39516193,PU.1 eviction at lymphocyte-specific chromatin domains mediates glucocorticoid response in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.,"The epigenetic landscape plays a critical role in cancer progression, yet its therapeutic potential remains underexplored. Glucocorticoids are essential components of treatments for lymphoid cancers, but resistance, driven in part by epigenetic changes at glucocorticoid-response elements, poses a major challenge to effective therapies. Here we show that glucocorticoid treatment induces distinct patterns of chromosomal organization in glucocorticoid-sensitive and resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia xenograft models. These glucocorticoid-response elements are primed by the pioneer transcription factor PU.1, which interacts with the glucocorticoid receptor. Eviction of PU.1 promotes receptor binding, increasing the expression of genes involved in apoptosis and facilitating a stronger therapeutic response. Treatment with a PU.1 inhibitor enhances glucocorticoid sensitivity, demonstrating the clinical potential of targeting this pathway. This study uncovers a mechanism involving PU.1 and the glucocorticoid receptor, linking transcription factor activity with drug response, and suggesting potential therapeutic strategies for overcoming resistance."
608,brain tumour,39516192,Non-secreting IL12 expressing oncolytic adenovirus Ad-TD-nsIL12 in recurrent high-grade glioma: a phase I trial.,"Malignant glioma is a highly fatal central nervous system malignancy with high recurrence rates. Oncolytic viruses offer potential treatment but need improvement in efficacy and safety. Here we describe a phase I, dose-escalating, single arm trial (ChiCTR2000032402) to study the safety of Ad-TD-nsIL12, an oncolytic adenovirus expressing non-secreting interleukin-12, in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma that connects with the ventricular system. Eight patients received intratumoral treatment via stereotaxis or an Ommaya reservoir, with doses ranging from 5 × 10"
609,brain tumour,39515881,Machine learning approach to assess brain metastatic burden in preclinical models.,"Brain metastases (BrM) occur when malignant cells spread from a primary tumor located in other parts of the body to the brain. BrM is a deadly complication for cancer patients and severely lacks effective therapies. Due to the limited access to patient samples, preclinical models remain a very valuable tool for studying metastasis development, progression, and response to therapy. Thus, reliable methods to assess metastatic burden in these models are crucial. Here we describe step by step a new semi-automatic machine-learning approach to quantify metastatic burden on mouse whole-brain stereomicroscope images while preserving tissue integrity. This protocol uses the open-source and user-friendly image analysis software QuPath. The method is fast, reproducible, unbiased, and gives access to data points not always accessible with other existing strategies."
610,brain tumour,39515867,Effect of perioperative dexmedetomidine on postoperative delirium in patients with brain tumours: a protocol of a randomised controlled trial.,Neurosurgery is a risk factor for postoperative delirium. Dexmedetomidine has a potential effect on reducing postoperative delirium. We aim to test the primary hypothesis that perioperative administration of dexmedetomidine reduces the incidence of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing neurosurgical resections of temporal glioma.
611,brain tumour,39515189,Robust brain MRI image classification with SIBOW-SVM.,"Primary Central Nervous System tumors in the brain are among the most aggressive diseases affecting humans. Early detection and classification of brain tumor types, whether benign or malignant, glial or non-glial, is critical for cancer prevention and treatment, ultimately improving human life expectancy. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most effective technique for brain tumor detection, generating comprehensive brain scans. However, human examination can be error-prone and inefficient due to the complexity, size, and location variability of brain tumors. Recently, automated classification techniques using machine learning methods, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), have demonstrated significantly higher accuracy than manual screening. However, deep learning-based image classification methods, including CNNs, face challenges in estimating class probabilities without proper model calibration (Guo et al., 2017; Minderer et al., 2021). In this paper, we propose a novel brain tumor image classification method called SIBOW-SVM, which integrates the Bag-of-Features model with SIFT feature extraction and weighted Support Vector Machines. This new approach can effectively extract hidden image features, enabling differentiation of various tumor types, provide accurate label predictions, and estimate probabilities of images belonging to each class, offering high-confidence classification decisions. We have also developed scalable and parallelable algorithms to facilitate the practical implementation of SIBOW-SVM for massive image datasets. To benchmark our method, we apply SIBOW-SVM to a public dataset of brain tumor MRI images containing four classes: glioma, meningioma, pituitary, and normal. Our results demonstrate that the new method outperforms state-of-the-art techniques, including CNNs, in terms of uncertainty quantification, classification accuracy, computational efficiency, and data robustness."
612,brain tumour,39514821,Segmentation and classification of brain tumor using Taylor fire hawk optimization enabled deep learning approach.,"The brain is a crucial organ that controls the body's neural system. The tumor develops and spreads across the brain as a result of irregular cell generation. The provision of substantial treatment to patients requires the early diagnosis of malignancies. However, timely diagnosis and accurate classification were difficult in the conventional models. Thus, the Taylor Fire Hawk optimization (TFHO) is implemented here for effective segmentation and classification. The TFHO is the merging of the Taylor series and Fire Hawk Optimizer (FHO). The de-noising is accomplished by the adaptive median filter, and the segmentation is carried out using M-Net, which has been trained by TFHO. Subsequently, image augmentation is performed to increase the image dimension, followed by the extraction of effective features. Finally, DenseNet is used for the classification, and the training is done by TFHO. The introduced method obtained 94.86% accuracy, 92.83% Negative Predictive Values, 89.33% Positive Predictive Values (PPV), 95.91% True Positive Rate (TPR), 4.37% False Negative Rate (FNR), and 90.98% F1-score."
613,brain tumour,39514352,A Learnable Prior Improves Inverse Tumor Growth Modeling.,"Biophysical modeling, particularly involving partial differential equations (PDEs), offers significant potential for tailoring disease treatment protocols to individual patients. However, the inverse problem-solving aspect of these models presents a substantial challenge, either due to the high computational requirements of model-based approaches or the limited robustness of deep learning (DL) methods. We propose a novel framework that leverages the unique strengths of both approaches in a synergistic manner. Our method incorporates a DL ensemble for initial parameter estimation, facilitating efficient downstream evolutionary sampling initialized with this DL-based prior. We showcase the effectiveness of integrating a rapid deep-learning algorithm with a high-precision evolution strategy in estimating brain tumor cell concentrations from magnetic resonance images. The DL-Prior plays a pivotal role, significantly constraining the effective sampling-parameter space. This reduction results in a fivefold convergence acceleration and a Dice-score of 95%."
614,brain tumour,39514276,Unveiling the influence of tumor and immune signatures on immune checkpoint therapy in advanced lung cancer.,"This study investigates the variability among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in their responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Recognizing that patients with advanced-stage NSCLC rarely qualify for surgical interventions, it becomes crucial to identify biomarkers that influence responses to ICI therapy. We conducted an analysis of single-cell transcriptomes from 33 lung cancer biopsy samples, with a particular focus on 14 core samples taken before the initiation of palliative ICI treatment. Our objective was to link tumor and immune cell profiles with patient responses to ICI. We discovered that ICI non-responders exhibited a higher presence of CD4+ regulatory T cells, resident memory T cells, and TH17 cells. This contrasts with the diverse activated CD8+ T cells found in responders. Furthermore, tumor cells in non-responders frequently showed heightened transcriptional activity in the NF-kB and STAT3 pathways, suggesting a potential inherent resistance to ICI therapy. Through the integration of immune cell profiles and tumor molecular signatures, we achieved an discriminative power (area under the curve [AUC]) exceeding 95% in identifying patient responses to ICI treatment. These results underscore the crucial importance of the interplay between tumor and immune microenvironment, including within metastatic sites, in affecting the effectiveness of ICIs in NSCLC."
615,brain tumour,39514172,The role of inflammation induced by necroptosis in the development of fibrosis and liver cancer in novel knockin mouse models fed a western diet.,"Non-resolving, chronic inflammation (inflammaging) is believed to play an important role in aging and age-related diseases. The goal of this study was to determine if inflammation induced by necroptosis arising from the liver plays a role in chronic liver disease (CLD) and liver cancer in mice fed a western diet (WD). Necroptosis was induced in liver using two knockin (KI) mouse models that overexpress genes involved in necroptosis (Ripk3 or Mlkl) specifically in liver (i.e., hRipk3-KI and hMlkl-KI mice). These mice and control mice (not overexpressing Ripk3 or Mlkl) were fed a WD (high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol) starting at 2 months of age for 3, 6, and 12 months. Feeding the WD induced necroptosis in the control mice, which was further elevated in the hRipk3-KI and hMlkl-KI mice and was associated with a significant increase in inflammation in the livers of the hRipk3-KI and hMlkl-KI mice compared to control mice fed the WD. Overexpressing Ripk3 or Mlkl significantly increased steatosis and fibrosis compared to control mice fed the WD. Mice fed the WD for 12 months developed liver tumors (hepatocellular adenomas): 28% of the control mice developing tumors compared to 62% of the hRipk3-KI and hMlkl-KI mice. The hRipk3-KI and hMlkl-KI mice showed significantly more and larger tumor nodules. Our study provides the first direct evidence that inflammation induced by necroptosis arising from hepatocytes can lead to the progression of hepatic steatosis to fibrosis in obese mice that eventually results in an increased incidence in hepatocellular adenomas."
616,brain tumour,39514054,Immunotherapeutic and Targeted Strategies for Managing Brain Metastases from Common Cancer Origins: A State-of-the-Art Review.,"This review examines contemporary strategies for managing brain metastases (BM) from common cancers such as lung, breast, and melanoma. We evaluate the efficacy and applicability of targeted therapies and immunotherapies, exploring their potential to cross the blood-brain barrier and improve patient outcomes."
617,brain tumour,39513917,A Necessary Role for Cyclin D2 Induction During Colon Cancer Progression Mediated by L1.,"The cell adhesion molecule L1CAM (L1), mainly known for its function in brain cells, is a Wnt/β-catenin signaling target gene in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, where it promotes invasion and liver metastasis. We interrogated which genes are expressed at increased levels in human CRC tissue and induced in CRC cell lines overexpressing L1. We found increased cyclin D2 levels in CRC tissue and LS 174T and HCT 116 human CRC cells overexpressing L1. Increased cyclin D2 in CRC cells was associated with higher proliferation rates, faster motility, tumorigenesis, and liver metastasis. The suppression of cyclin D2 expression by shRNA to cyclin D2 blocked the increase in these cellular properties of L1-expressing cells. The overexpression of cyclin D2 in the absence of L1 also conferred tumorigenic properties similar to L1 expression. The pathways involved in the elevation of cyclin D2 by L1 include NF-κB, Akt, and β-catenin signaling but not the Erk pathway. We found that in a significant percentage of human CRC tissue samples, cyclin D2 is expressed at high levels in the nuclei of cancer cells. At the same time, the adjacent normal mucosa was negative for cyclin D2 staining. The results suggest that the increased cyclin D2 expression by L1 is required to induce proliferative, motile tumor development in CRC tissue and can serve as a diagnostic marker and a target for CRC therapy."
618,brain tumour,39513909,ALDH1A3 Contributes to Radiation-Induced Inhibition of Self-Renewal and Promotes Proliferative Activity of p53-Deficient Glioblastoma Stem Cells at the Onset of Differentiation.,"ALDH1A3 is a marker for mesenchymal glioblastomas characterized by a greater degree of aggressiveness compared to other major subtypes. ADH1A3 has been implicated in the regulation of stemness and radioresistance mediated by glioblastoma stem cells. Mechanisms by which ALDH1A3 promotes malignant progression of glioblastoma remain elusive posing a challenge for rationalization of ALDH1A3 targeting in glioblastoma, and it is also unclear how ALDH1A3 regulates glioblastoma cells stemness. Usage of different models with diverse genetic backgrounds and often unknown degree of stemness is one possible reason for discrepant views on the role of ALDH1A3 in glioblastoma stem cells. This study clarifies ALDH1A3 impacts on glioblastoma stem cells by modelling ALDH1A3 expression in an otherwise invariable genetic background with consideration of the impacts of inherent plasticity and proliferative changes associated with transitions between cell states. Our main finding is that ALDH1A3 exerts cell-state dependent impact on proliferation of glioblastoma stem cells. We provide evidence that ALDH1A3 augments radiation-induced inhibition of self-renewal and promotes the proliferation of differentiated GSC progenies. Congruent effects ALDH1A3 and radiation on self-renewal and proliferation provides a framework for promoting glioblastoma growth under radiation treatment."
619,brain tumour,39513882,Reduced T and NK Cell Activity in Glioblastoma Patients Correlates with TIM-3 and BAT3 Dysregulation.,"Inhibitory receptors are critical for regulating immune cell function. In cancer, these receptors are often over-expressed on the cell surface of T and NK cells, leading to reduced anti-tumor activity. Here, through the analysis of 11 commonly studied checkpoint and inhibitory receptors, we discern that only "
620,brain tumour,39513861,The Three Pillars of Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review and Novel Analysis of Multi-Omics and Clinical Data.,"Glioblastoma is the most fatal and common malignant brain tumor, excluding metastasis and with a median survival of approximately one year. While solid tumors benefit from newly approved drugs, immunotherapy, and prevention, none of these scenarios are opening for glioblastoma. The key to unlocking the peculiar features of glioblastoma is observing its molecular and anatomical features tightly entangled with the host's central nervous system (CNS). In June 2024, we searched the PUBMED electronic database. Data collection and analysis were conducted independently by two reviewers. Results: A total of 215 articles were identified, and 192 were excluded based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The remaining 23 were used for collecting divergent molecular pathways and anatomical features of glioblastoma. The analysis of the selected papers revealed a multifaced tumor with extreme variability and cellular reprogramming that are observable within the same patient. All the variability of glioblastoma could be clustered into three pillars to dissect the physiology of the tumor: 1. necrotic core; 2. vascular proliferation; 3. CNS infiltration. These three pillars support glioblastoma survival, with a pivotal role of the neurovascular unit, as supported by the most recent paper published by experts in the field."
621,brain tumour,39513613,Compression force promotes glioblastoma progression through the Piezo1‑GDF15‑CTLA4 axis.,"Glioma, a type of brain tumor, is influenced by mechanical forces in its microenvironment that affect cancer progression. However, our understanding of the contribution of compression and its associated mechanisms remains limited. The objective of the present study was to create an environment in which human brain glioma H4 cells experience pressure and thereby investigate the compressive mechanosensors and signaling pathways. Subsequent time‑lapse imaging and wound healing assays confirmed that 12 h of compression significantly increased cell migration, thereby linking compression with enhanced cell motility. Compression upregulated the expression of Piezo1, a mechanosensitive ion channel, and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a TGF‑β superfamily member. Knockdown experiments targeting "
622,brain tumour,39513581,[Retracted] Long non‑coding RNA BCYRN1 promotes glycolysis and tumor progression by regulating the miR‑149/PKM2 axis in non‑small‑cell lung cancer.,"Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the Editors' attention by a concerned reader that the Transwell cell invasion data shown in Fig. 4D were strikingly similar to data appearing in different form in other articles written by different authors at different research institutes that had already been published elsewhere prior to the submission of this paper to "
623,brain tumour,39513456,Study of Molecular Markers in Glioma and Their Association with Clinicopathological Features.,"Central nervous system tumors are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The most prevalent type of primary brain tumor is glioma. The exploration of significant genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptional abnormalities has not only improved our understanding of glioma pathogenesis but has also revealed that these molecular alterations can serve as useful diagnostic markers for more precise classification and are linked to better treatment response and prognosis. Hence, incorporating molecular markers into routine tumor classification is a major priority in modern glioma diagnostics."
624,brain tumour,39513361,All-trans retinoic acid inhibits glioblastoma progression and attenuates radiation-induced brain injury.,"Radiotherapy (RT) remains a primary treatment modality for glioblastoma (GBM), but it induces cellular senescence and is strongly implicated in GBM progression and RT-related injury. Recently, eliminating senescent cells has emerged as a promising strategy for treating cancer and for mitigating radiation-induced brain injury (RBI). Here, we investigated the impact of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) on radiation-induced senescence. The findings of this study revealed that RA effectively eliminated astrocytes, which are particularly prone to senescence after radiation, and that the removal of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factor-producing astrocytes inhibited GBM cell proliferation in vitro. Moreover, RA-mediated clearance of senescent cells improved survival in GBM-bearing mice and alleviated radiation-induced cognitive impairment. Through RNA sequencing, we found that the AKT/mTOR/PPARγ/Plin4 signaling pathway is involved in RA-mediated clearance of senescent cells. In summary, these results suggest that RA could be a potential senolytic drug for preventing GBM progression and improving RBI."
625,brain tumour,39513232,The pivotal role of autophagy in the pathogenesis and therapy of medulloblastoma.,Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent malignant brain tumor in children. MB originates from neural precursor cells in distinctive regions of the rhombic lip and their maturation occurs in the cerebellum or the brain stem during embryonal development. Autophagy is also referred to as self-eating' which is a catabolic process that often triggers cellular homeostasis through the salvaging of degenerated proteins as well as organelles. Autophagy influence cell survival via aberrant proteins that could accumulate within the cell and influence potential signaling and transport mechanisms. The role of autophagy in MB aggressiveness as well as tumorigenesis is a very complex process. This review targets specifically data reporting the key roles of autophagy in the pathogenesis and therapy of MB.
626,brain tumour,39513108,"Identification of an Immune signature assisted prognosis, and immunotherapy prediction for IDH wildtype glioblastoma.","IDH-wildtype glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor. The purpose of this study is to establish a prognostic gene signature for IDH-wildtype GBM. RNA sequencing data of normal brain tissue and GBM patients were obtained from TCGA, CGGA, GEO and the GTEx databases. Identification of prognostic differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with | log2 fold change | > 0.5 and adjust p < 0.05 in TCGA and CGGA databases by ""limma"" method. By LASSO regression analysis and multivariate Cox analysis, a 3-gene prognostic signature composed of FMOD, MXRA5 and RAB36 was established. The 3-gene prognostic risk model is validated by TCGA and GSE43378 datasets. The expression of FMOD, MXRA5 and RAB36 in GBM patients was significantly higher than that in normal brain tissues in CCGA, TCGA and GSE29796 data sets. In order to further verify this result, total RNA was extracted from tumors and paracancerous tissues of 9 GBM patients. RT-PCR results showed that the expression of FMOD, MXRA5 and RAB36 in tumor tissues of most patients was higher than that in paracancerous tissues. The results of GSEA showed that the pathway enrichment of the 3-gene signature was mainly related to tumor immunity. Immune cell infiltration analyzed by ssGSEA showed that there were significant differences in macrophages between high- and low-risk groups. Immune checkpoint genes correlation analysis showed that PD-L1 gene expression is closely related to risk score. Our study identifies a prognostic-associated risk model and provides a potential effective immunotherapy target for IDH-wildtype GBM patients."
627,brain tumour,39512605,"Vagus nerve stimulation: Novel concept for the treatment of glioblastoma and solid cancers by cytokine (interleukin-6) reduction, attenuating the SASP, enhancing tumor immunity.","Immuno-oncology, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has revolutionized cancer care with dramatic, long-term responses and increased survival, including patients with metastatic cancer to the brain. Glioblastomas, and other primary brain tumors, are refractory to ICIs as monotherapy or in combination with standard therapy. The tumor microenvironment (TME) poses multiple biological hurdles: blood-brain barrier, immune suppression, heterogeneity, and tumor infiltration. Genomic analysis of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and preclinical models of glioma suggest that an exciting approach would entail reprogramming of the glioma microenvironment, attenuating the pro-inflammatory, pro-tumorigenic cytokines of the SASP, especially interleukin-6 (IL-6). A testable hypothesis now proposed is to modulate the immune system by harnessing the body's 'inflammatory reflex' to reduce cytokines. Vagus nerve stimulation can activate T cell immunity by the cholinergic, α7nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist (α7nAchR), and suppress IL-6 systemically, as well as other pro-inflammatory cytokines of the SASP, interleukin -1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The hypothesis predicts that electrical activation of the vagus nerve, with cytokine reduction, in combination with ICIs, would convert an immune resistant (""cold"") tumor to an immune responsive (""hot"") tumor, and halt glioma progression. The hypothesis also envisions cancer as an immune ""dysautonomia"" whereby a therapeutic intervention, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), resets the systemic and local cytokine levels. A prospective, randomized, phase II clinical trial, to confirm the hypothesis, is a logical, exigent, next step. Cytokine reduction by VNS could also be useful for other forms of human cancer, e.g., breast, colorectal, head and neck, lung, melanoma, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer, as the emerging field of ""cancer neuroscience"" shows a role for neural regulation of multiple tumor types. Because IL-6, and companion pro-inflammatory cytokines, participate in the initiation, progression, spread and recurrence of cancer, minimally invasive VNS could be employed to suppress glioma or cancer progression, while also mitigating depression and/or seizures, thereby enhancing quality of life. The current hypothesis reimagines glioma pathophysiology as a dysautonomia with the therapeutic objective to reset the autonomic nervous system and form an immune responsive state to halt tumor progression and prevent recurrence. VNS, as a novel method to control cancer, can be administered with ICIs, standard therapy, or in clinical trials, combined with emerging immunotherapy: dendritic cell, mRNA, or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell vaccines."
628,brain tumour,39512184,Bridging the gap: unlocking the potential of emerging drug therapies for brain metastasis.,"Brain metastasis (BrM) remains an unmet clinical need in advanced cancers with an increasing incidence and poor prognosis. The limited response to various treatments is mainly derived from the presence of the substantive barrier, blood-brain barrier (BBB) and brain-tumor barrier (BTB), which hinders the access of potentially effective therapeutics to the metastatic tumor of brain. Recently, the understanding of the structural and molecular features of the BBB/BTB has led to the development of efficient strategies to enhance BBB/BTB permeability and deliver drugs across the BBB/BTB to elicit the antitumor response against BrM. Meanwhile, novel agents capable of penetrating the BBB have rapidly developed and evaluated in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials, with both targeted therapies and immunotherapies demonstrating impressive intracranial activity against BrM. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the biological properties of the BBB/BTB, and the emerging strategies for BBB/BTB permeabilization and drug delivery across the BBB/BTB. We also discuss the emerging targeted therapies and immunotherapies against BrM tested in clinical trials. Additionally, we provide our viewpoints on accelerating clinical translation of novel drugs into clinic for patients of BrM. Although still facing challenges, we expect this review to benefit the future development of novel therapeutics specifically from clinical perspective."
629,brain tumour,39511890,Proton pump inhibitor attenutes acidic microenvironment to improve the therapeutic effects of MSLN-CAR-T cells on the brain metastasis of solid tumors.,"The incidence of brain metastasis (BM) is gradually increasing, and the prognosis and therapeutic effect are poor. The emergence of immunotherapy has brought hope for the development of BM treatments. This study revealed that compared with primary cancers (PCs), BMs have a ""colder"" and more acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in reduced protein levels of mesothelin (MSLN), a promising target for chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with BMs. These factors could significantly decrease the efficiency of MSLN-CAR-T cells in TNBC BMs. Pantoprazole (PPZ) administration at the most commonly used dose in the clinic notably increased the pondus hydrogenii (pH) of the TME, inhibited lysosomal activity, increased the membrane levels of the MSLN protein and improved the killing ability of MSLN-CAR-T cells both in vitro and in vivo. Similar results were obtained in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) BMs. Hence, when administered in combination with CAR-T cells, PPZ, which increases the protein levels of target antigens, may constitute a new immunotherapeutic strategy for treating solid tumors with BMs."
630,brain tumour,39511841,Phenotypic and epigenetic heterogeneity in FGFR2-fused glial and glioneuronal tumours.,"FGFR-fused central nervous system (CNS) tumours are rare and are usually within the glioneuronal and neuronal tumours or the paediatric-type diffuse low-grade glioma spectrum. Among this spectrum, FGFR2 fusion has been documented in tumours classified by DNA-methylation profiling as polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumours of the young (PLNTY), a recently described tumour type. However, FGFR2 fusions have also been reported in glioneuronal tumours, highlighting the overlapping diagnostic criteria and challenges."
631,brain tumour,39511686,The association between alpha-1 antitrypsin and B-type natriuretic peptide blood levels in healthy African Americans.,B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a neurohormone primarily secreted from cardiac ventricles in reaction to increased volume and pressure. The plasma level of BNP is used to measure the mechanical function of the heart and the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a glycoprotein that acts as an inhibitor of serine proteases and plays a crucial role in protecting the lungs against potential harm. AAT deficiency also causes COPD. The data on the prevalence of BNP and AAT in African Americans (AA) are limited and inconsistent. No previous studies have investigated whether any association exists between BNP and AAT. We collected fasting blood samples from 114 AA subjects who provided informed consent. The plasma levels of the biomarkers were measured using ELISA.
632,brain tumour,39511429,The muscle-intervertebral disc interaction mediated by L-BAIBA modulates extracellular matrix homeostasis and PANoptosis in nucleus pulposus cells.,"Upon engaging in physical activity, skeletal muscle synthesizes myokines, which not only facilitate crosstalk with various organs, including the brain, adipose tissue, bone, liver, gut, pancreas, and skin but also promote intramuscular signaling. Crosstalk is vital for maintaining various physiological processes. However, the specific interactions between skeletal muscle and intervertebral discs remain largely unexplored. β-Aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), an exercise-induced myokine and a metabolite of branched-chain amino acids in skeletal muscle, has emerged as a key player in this context. Our study demonstrated that exercise significantly elevates BAIBA levels in skeletal muscle, plasma, and nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues. Moreover, exercise enhances extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in NP tissues and upregulates L-BAIBA synthase in skeletal muscle. Both in vivo and in vitro evidence revealed that L-BAIBA impedes PANoptosis and ECM degradation in NP cells by activating the AMPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings suggest that exercise, coupled with the resulting increase in L-BAIBA, may serve as an effective intervention to decelerate the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Consequently, L-BAIBA, which originates from skeletal muscle, is a promising new therapeutic approach for IDD."
633,brain tumour,39511405,Correction: STAT3 dictates β-cell apoptosis by modulating PTEN in streptozocin-induced hyperglycemia.,No abstract found
634,brain tumour,39510901,Glioblastoma-associated macrophages: A key target in overcoming glioblastoma therapeutic resistance.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is recognized as the most aggressive and malignant form of brain cancer, characterized by a highly heterogeneous phenotype, poor prognosis, and a median survival time of less than 16 months. Recent studies have highlighted the critical role of glioblastoma-associated macrophages (GAMs) in promoting tumor progression and resistance not only to immunotherapy but also to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. GAMs actively suppress immune responses, promote angiogenesis, facilitate tumor metastasis, and induce therapy resistance, through various mechanisms such as cytokines production, signaling pathways regulation, and angiogenesis. In this context, understanding these regulatory mechanisms is essential for developing efficient therapies. Preclinical studies have investigated diverse approaches to target these cells, both as monotherapies or in combination with other treatments. While these approaches have shown promise in strengthening antitumor immune responses in animal models, their clinical success remains to be fully determined. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of GAMs's role in GBM therapeutic resistance and summarizes existing approaches to target GAMs in overcoming tumor resistance."
635,brain tumour,39510872,"Serum biomarkers, lifetime substance use and conversion to bipolar disorder.","The diagnostic conversion of major depressive disorder (MDD) to bipolar disorder (BD) is a topic that is currently the subject of several studies. However, there are few studies that clarify the interaction between conversion, substance use and biomarkers."
636,brain tumour,39510432,"The synergistic anti-Warburg efficacy of temozolomide, metformin and epigallocatechin gallate in glioblastoma.","An important hallmark of glioblastoma aggressiveness is its altered metabolism of glucose. This metabolic shift wherein the tumor cells employ aerobic glycolysis regardless of oxygen availability via reprogramming of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is known as the Warburg effect. Previous literatures have linked this metabolic reprograming to tumor progression and glioblastoma cell proliferation making it a key target for targeted drug therapy. Based on this lacuna, the current study aimed to explore the therapeutic efficacy of the triple-drug combination of temozolomide, metformin and epigallocatechin gallate in attenuating Warburg effect and glucose uptake in glioblastoma both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that the triple-drug combination had significantly reduced glucose uptake and reversed the Warburg effect in glioblastoma cells and in the glioma-induced xenograft rat model. Thus, the triple-drug combination would serve as an effective therapeutic regime to hamper glioblastoma progression via altering glucose metabolism and improving the overall prognosis in patient setting."
637,brain tumour,39510150,An ultrasound-activated piezoelectric sonosensitizer enhances mitochondrial depolarization for effective treatment of orthotopic glioma.,"Despite the significant advancements in piezoelectric materials for sonodynamic therapy (SDT), the suppression of orthotopic glioma remains challenging, primarily due to the unclear mechanism and the restriction of blood-brain barrier (BBB). Herein, we proposed that layered piezoelectric SrBi"
638,brain tumour,39510074,Microbiota-derived lysophosphatidylcholine alleviates Alzheimer's disease pathology via suppressing ferroptosis.,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a pervasive neurodegenerative disorder, and new approaches for its prevention and therapy are critically needed. Here, we elucidate a gut-microbiome-brain axis that offers actionable perspectives for achieving this objective. Using the 5xFAD mouse model, we identify increased Clostridium abundance and decreased Bacteroides abundance as key features associated with β-amyloid (Aβ) burden. Treatment with Bacteroides ovatus, or its associated metabolite lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), significantly reduces Aβ load and ameliorates cognitive impairment. Mechanistically, LPC acts through the orphan receptor GPR119, inhibiting ACSL4 expression, thereby suppressing ferroptosis and ameliorating AD pathologies. Analysis of fecal and serum samples from individuals with AD also reveals diminished levels of Bacteroides and LPC. This study thus identifies a B.ovatus-triggered pathway regulating AD pathologies and indicates that the use of single gut microbiota, metabolite, or small molecule compound may complement current prevention and treatment approaches for AD."
639,brain tumour,39510072,Glioblastoma functional heterogeneity and enrichment of cancer stem cells with tumor recurrence.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an incurable disease with high intratumoral heterogeneity. Bioinformatic studies have examined transcriptional heterogeneity with differing conclusions. Here, we characterize GBM heterogeneity and highlight critical phenotypic and hierarchical roles for quiescent cancer stem cells (qCSCs). Unsupervised single-cell transcriptomic analysis of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) delineates six GBM transcriptional states with unique tumor exclusive gene signatures, five of which display congruence with central nervous system (CNS) cell lineages. We employ a surrogate tumor evolution assay by serial xenograft transplantation to demonstrate faithful preservation of somatic mutations, transcriptome, and qCSCs. PDX chemotherapy results in CSC resistance and expansion, also seen in recurrent patient GBM. In aggregate, these novel GBM transcriptional signatures exclusively identify tumor cells and define the hierarchical landscape as stable biologically discernible cell types that allow capture of their evolution upon recurrence, emphasizing the importance of CSCs and demonstrating general relevance to all GBM."
640,brain tumour,39509636,[Metastatic pituitary lesion].,"Metastatic lesion of pituitary is a rare condition and is diagnosed in 1.8-4% of cases. Monitoring and treatment of such patients is a complex task and requires increased attention from a multidisciplinary team of specialists. The authors represent three patients with metastatic pituitary lesion who underwent neurosurgical treatment at the National Research Center of the National Research Institute of Endocrinology with subsequent pathomorphological confirmation of the diagnosis. The primary tumors were breast cancer, lung carcinoid, and clear cell kidney cancer. Two patients had distant metastases other than the pituitary gland. The clinical manifestation consisted in the appearance of symptoms of panhypopituitarism, chiasmal syndrome and mass effect in all cases. The follow-up period after surgical treatment was 0.25-2.5 years. Progression of the underlying disease was noted in two patients. One of them carried out stereotactic radiosurgical treatment and stereotactic oriented irradiation. One patient has a stable condition."
641,brain tumour,39509635,[Efficacy of standard methods in the treatment of prolactin-secreting pituitary carcinoma].,"Pituitary carcinoma (metastatic neuroendocrine tumor of the pituitary gland) is the pituitary tumor with confirmed craniospinal and/or systemic metastases. These tumors are extremely rare accounting for only 0.1% to 0.5% of all pituitary tumours and are characterized by high mortality. In the presented case, pituitary carcinoma with intracranial metastasis was diagnosed in a young patient 25 years after manifestation of an aggressive recurrent prolactin-secreting pituitary tumor. Standard therapy (removal of metastasis, radiation therapy, cabergoline therapy) resulted in a long-term remission of the disease."
642,brain tumour,39509632,[Cephalgic syndrome in patients with acromegaly].,"The aim of this review is to summarize the data available in the literature on the causes of headache in patients with acromegaly, as well as on the effect of various methods of acromegaly treatment on headache. Publications were searched in the PubMed database using the keywords «Headache in patients with acromegaly», «Headache in patients with pituitary adenomas», «Tension-type headache», «Migraine». Headache in patients with pituitary adenomas secreting somatotropic hormone (STH) is not uncommon: according to various authors, cephalgic syndrome occurs in 30-70% of patients with acromegaly and can worsen their quality of life, along with other factors, up to disability. By the nature of development, headache with acromegaly is classified into primary (migraine, tension headache, trigeminal autonomic cephalgia, for example, SUNCT syndrome and cluster headaches), and can also be caused by various causes directly related to the tumor. All this requires differential diagnosis. The factors causing headaches in somatotropinomas have not yet been well studied and require further research. These include the mass effect of the tumor, hormonal hypersecretion, pathology of the temporomandibular joint, sodium and fluid retention in the body, psychological factors, etc. The authors evaluated the effect on headache of various methods of acromegaly treatment: transnasal transsphenoidal adenomectomy, radiation therapy and drug therapy with somatostatin analogues, dopamine agonists and growth hormone receptor antagonist. However, even when normal levels of STH and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are reached, cephalgic syndrome may persist, therefore patients should be warned about this in advance and referred to a cephalgologist to select adequate headache therapy."
643,brain tumour,39509481,"Discovery of SZJK-0421: A Novel Potent, Low Toxicity, Selective Second Generation of CRM1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Both Hematological and Solid Tumors.","Nuclear export factor chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) mediated the transport of various growth-regulatory proteins and was frequently overexpressed in many hematologic and solid tumors. Selinexor (KPT-330) was the only approved CRM1 inhibitor, but the severe gastrointestinal and central nervous system toxicities limited its clinical application. In this manuscript, a series of novel second-generation CRM1 inhibitors were designed, in which "
644,brain tumour,39509381,Clinical and molecular characteristics associated with high PD-L1 expression in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma.,Recent evidence suggests that elevated levels of PD-L1 expression may be linked to early resistance to TKI and reduced survival in NSCLC with EGFR mutations. This study aimed to characterize the clinical and molecular features of EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinomas and determine the prognostic significance associated with high PD-L1 expression.
645,brain tumour,39508866,PARylation of GCN5 by PARP1 mediates its recruitment to DSBs and facilitates both HR and NHEJ Repair.,"Efficient DNA double strand break (DSB) repair is necessary for genomic stability and determines efficacy of DNA damaging cancer therapeutics. Spatiotemporal dynamics and post-translational modifications of repair proteins at DSBs dictate repair efficacy. Here, we identified a non-canonical function of GCN5 in regulating both HR and NHEJ repair post genotoxic stress. Mechanistically, genotoxic stress induced GCN5 recruitment to DSBs. GCN5 PARylation by PARP1 was essential for its recruitment, acetyltransferase activity and DSB repair function. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) identified DNA-PKcs as part of GCN5 interactome. In-vitro acetyltransferase assays revealed that GCN5 acetylates DNA-PKcs at K3241 residue, a prerequisite for DNA-PKcs S2056 phosphorylation and DSB recruitment. Alongside, ChIP-qPCR revealed GCN5 mediates transcription of PRKDC via H3K27Ac acetylation in its promoter region (- 710 to - 554). Genetic perturbation of GCN5 also decreased CHEK1, NBN1, TP53BP1, POL-L transcription and abrogated ATM, BRCA1 activation. Accordingly, GCN5 loss led to persistent ɣ-H2AX foci formation, compromised in-vivo HR-NHEJ and caused GBM radio-sensitization. Importantly, PARP1 inhibition phenocopied GCN5 loss. Together, this study identifies an untraversed DSB repair function of GCN5 and provides mechanistic insights into transcriptional as well as post-translational regulation of pivotal HR-NHEJ factors. Alongside, it highlights the translational importance of PARP1-GCN5 axis in mediating GBM radio-resistance."
646,brain tumour,39508842,FGL2,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary brain tumor characterized by poor prognosis and lack of effective treatments. In recent years, peptide vaccines that use sequences based on tumor-specific or tumor-associated antigens to activate immune responses against tumor cells have emerged as a new therapeutic strategy. In this study, we developed a novel therapeutic polypeptide vaccine targeting the tumor-associated antigen Fibrinogen-Like Protein 2 (FGL2), whose dominant epitope peptide was tandemly linked to the C-terminus of HCMV-IE1mut via a linker. We used this vaccine to compare the therapeutic efficacy of HCMV-IE1mut alone versus HCMV-IE1mut-FGL2"
647,brain tumour,39508497,High BRAF V600 Mutation Level Associated with Worse Outcome in Metastatic Melanoma Patients Receiving BRAF and MEK Inhibitors.,"The prognostic value of BRAF V600 mutation level on clinical outcomes in patients with BRAF V600-mutated metastatic melanoma treated with BRAF and MEK inhibitors remains uncertain. The association was retrospectively analysed between BRAF V600 mutation level (defined as the ratio of the quantification of the BRAF V600 allele to the percentage of tumoral cells in the sample analysed) and progression-free and overall survival (PFS and OS, respectively) and 3-month response rate in a cohort of 58 patients with metastatic melanoma who harboured BRAF V600E/K mutations and received dual targeted-therapy BRAF/MEK inhibitors. The BRAF mutation level cut-off determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve after internal validation by bootstrap methods was 0.44. Risk of poor PFS and OS was associated with BRAF V600 mutation level > 0.44 on multivariate analysis (p = 0.02 and p = 0.02, respectively) after adjusting for major confounding factors (age, sex, lactate dehydrogenase level, brain metastasis, and treatment line). No association was found between BRAF mutation level and 3-month response rate. Our study shows that high BRAF V600 mutation level in melanoma tissue was associated with poor prognosis in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with BRAF and MEK inhibitors."
648,brain tumour,39508332,"TERT Gene Mutation in Gliomas Cross-Linked With (NTRK, PDL1, ALK, IDH, P53, EGFR, HER2): A Integrative Review TERT Gene Mutation in Gliomas.","Recent advancements in glioma treatment are largely driven by the identification of genetic alterations, which enhance diagnostic precision and prognostic assessments, and unveil potential therapeutic targets. TERT promoter mutations, in particular, are associated with a poorer prognosis and aggressive clinical behavior."
649,brain tumour,39508297,Viscoelastic High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels Support Rapid Glioblastoma Cell Invasion with Leader-Follower Dynamics.,"Hyaluronic acid (HA), the primary component of brain extracellular matrix, is increasingly used to model neuropathological processes, including glioblastoma (GBM) tumor invasion. While elastic hydrogels based on crosslinked low-molecular-weight (LMW) HA are widely exploited for this purpose and have proven valuable for discovery and screening, brain tissue is both viscoelastic and rich in high-MW (HMW) HA, and it remains unclear how these differences influence invasion. To address this question, hydrogels comprised of either HMW (1.5 MDa) or LMW (60 kDa) HA are introduced, characterized, and applied in GBM invasion studies. Unlike LMW HA hydrogels, HMW HA hydrogels relax stresses quickly, to a similar extent as brain tissue, and to a greater extent than many conventional HA-based scaffolds. GBM cells implanted within HMW HA hydrogels invade much more rapidly than in their LMW HA counterparts and exhibit distinct leader-follower dynamics. Leader cells adopt dendritic morphologies similar to invasive GBM cells observed in vivo. Transcriptomic, pharmacologic, and imaging studies suggest that leader cells exploit hyaluronidase, an enzyme strongly enriched in human GBMs, to prime a path for followers. This study offers new insight into how HA viscoelastic properties drive invasion and argues for the use of highly stress-relaxing materials to model GBM."
650,brain tumour,26389341,Childhood Central Nervous System Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version,"This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of childhood central nervous system atypical teratoid and rhabdoid tumor. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care. Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary (""Date Last Modified"") is the date of the most recent change. The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board."
651,brain tumour,39507892,The peritumoral brain zone in glioblastoma: a review of the pretreatment approach.,"Glioblastomas are the most common and aggressive form of malignant primary brain tumors in adults. The standard treatment is surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite optimal treatment methods, the prognosis for patients remains poor. Preoperative determination of glioblastoma margins remains beneficial for the complete removal of the tumor mass. Radiotherapy is essential for post-surgery treatment, but radioresistance is a significant challenge contributing to high mortality rates. Advanced imaging technologies are used to analyze the changes in the peritumoral brain zone (PTZ). Consequently, they may lead to the development of novel therapeutic options, especially targeting the marginal parts of a tumor, which could improve the prognosis of glioblastoma patients. The clinical presentation of glioblastoma is heterogeneous and mostly depends on the location and size of a tumor. Glioblastomas are characterized by both intratumoral cellular heterogeneity and an extensive, diffuse infiltration into the normal tissue bordering a tumor called the PTZ. Neuroimaging techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ("
652,brain tumour,39507887,Medication-induced changes on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.,"In this review the authors focus on abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging caused by drugs given to patients in any age group for any disease. The review includes viral infections with fever in children/infections in general, epilepsy, psychiatric diseases, multiple sclerosis, neoplasms, bone marrow/organ transplantations, total parenteral nutrition, vaccinations, oral contraceptives and other prothrombotic drugs, and gadolinium deposition. Knowledge of patients' diseases and medications they receive is crucial to establish the correct diagnosis. The absence of these data in a referral for a brain MRI scan can result in completely wrong suspicions and unleash unnecessary, complicated, time-consuming and expensive diagnostics, causing additional stress in patients and their guardians."
653,brain tumour,39507665,The SINFONIA project repository for AI-based algorithms and health data.,"The SINFONIA project's main objective is to develop novel methodologies and tools that will provide a comprehensive risk appraisal for detrimental effects of radiation exposure on patients, workers, caretakers, and comforters, the public, and the environment during the management of patients suspected or diagnosed with lymphoma, brain tumors, and breast cancers. The project plan defines a series of key objectives to be achieved on the way to the main objective. One of these objectives is to develop and operate a repository to collect, pool, and share data from imaging and non-imaging examinations and radiation therapy sessions, histological results, and demographic information related to individual patients with lymphoma, brain tumors, and breast cancers. This paper presents the final version of that repository, a cloud-based platform for imaging and non-imaging data. It results from the implementation and integration of several software tools and programming frameworks under an evolutive architecture according to the project partners' needs and the constraints of the General Data Protection Regulation. It provides, among other services, data uploading and downloading, data sharing, file decompression, data searching, DICOM previsualization, and an infrastructure for submitting and running Artificial Intelligence models."
654,brain tumour,39506810,Impact of Age and Gender on Survival of Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) poses a significant health challenge as the most common primary malignancy of the adult central nervous system. Gender- and age-related differences in GBM influence prognosis and treatment complexities. This multicenter retrospective study explores gender and age disparities in GBM patients, investigating their impact on occurrence and survival outcomes."
655,brain tumour,39506721,Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids inhibit Aβ-mediated ferroptosis and ameliorate cognitive and synaptic impairments in Alzheimer's disease.,"Ferroptosis represents a nonapoptotic type of programmed cell death induced by excessive intracellular iron accumulation. Ferroptosis is an essential driver of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) are a novel type of nanoparticle with superior antiapoptotic capacity and excellent biocompatibility. However, the effect of tFNAs on Aβ triggered ferroptosis, cognitive and synaptic impairments in AD remains unknown."
656,brain tumour,39506584,Mass Spectrometric and Immunologic Detection of Prolactin-Derived Vasoinhibin in Human Serum.,"Circulating levels of the antiangiogenic protein, vasoinhibin, derived from the proteolytic cleavage of prolactin (PRL), in prolactinoma are unknown, as is the molecular nature of its isoforms. Dimerization of recombinant vasoinhibin has been reported."
657,brain tumour,39505968,The ameliorative potential of platelet-rich plasma and exosome on renal ischemia/reperfusion-induced uremic encephalopathy in rats.,"Uremic Encephalopathy results from the elevation of toxins and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury is the principal cause of acute kidney injury and brain tissue injury. The present study was crafted to estimate the restorative impact of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and exosome injection before the reperfusion phase on the kidney following renal I/R injury and its influence on brain tissue by tracking the histopathological, biochemical, and Doppler ultrasonography alternations in both kidney and brain tissue. Forty mature male rats were divided into five groups as follows: control, I/R, PRP, exosome, and Exosome + PRP. Renal Doppler ultrasonography was traced for all rats. Serum kidney functions and acetylcholine esterase enzyme (AchE) were evaluated. Both Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate were assessed in brain tissues. The oxidative stress (malondialdehyde), anti-oxidative (glutathione and catalase), and pro-inflammatory (Tumor necrosis factor- α and interleukin-6) markers were estimated in renal tissues. Additionally, morphometric histological examination was performed in both renal and brain tissues. Both PRP and exosome-received rats exhibited a significant improvement in both serum kidney functions and AchE compared to I/R rats. There was a 3.39-fold increase in GABA and a 2.27-fold decrease in glutamate levels in the brain tissue of PRP rats compared to the I/R rats. A significant elevation (P ≤ 0.0001) of glutathione and catalase besides a significant reduction in the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 was observed in renal tissue compared to I/R rats. A significant severe reduction (P < 0.0001) in the number of Purkinje cells, pyramidal cells in the cerebellar cortex, and the CA1 region in the hippocampus was observed in I/R rats which was significantly alleviated by both PRP and exosome. Furthermore, there was a significant improvement in Doppler parameters. PRP exerted a significant superior impact on the restoration of kidney functions and repairing uremic-induced damage in brain tissue."
658,brain tumour,39505756,Differential proteomic profiles of exosomes in pediatric and adult adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma cyst fluid.,"Adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (ACPs), commonly seen in pediatrics and adults often present with large cystic cavities that can compress surrounding tissues, causing severe visual and endocrine symptoms. Complete resection of cystic ACP is challenging, frequently leading to postoperative recurrence. The composition of the cystic fluid is complex, and to date, there has been limited research focusing on exosomes within ACP cyst fluid."
659,brain tumour,39505548,[Prognostic impact of early initiation of chemotherapy after brain biopsy in primary central nervous system lymphoma].,"Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a B-cell lymphoma confined to the CNS. In general, early initiation of treatment after diagnosis is considered to be associated with improved prognosis in patients with malignancy. However, the prognostic impact of the time from diagnostic brain biopsy to initiation of treatment in patients with PCNSL remains unclear. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed how time from diagnostic biopsy to rituximab-containing treatment correlated with prognosis in 19 patients with PCNSL. Patients with a better prognostic score defined by age and performance status at diagnosis tended to have a better prognosis if chemotherapy was initiated sooner after brain biopsy. In conclusion, earlier chemotherapy initiation after brain biopsy and definitive diagnosis should be considered in the treatment of PCNSL."
660,brain tumour,39505522,Embosphere Size Selection and Dilution Rate in Preoperative Tumor Embolization of the External Carotid Artery System Using a Small-diameter Catheter.,"The widespread adoption of preoperative embolization in highly vascularized brain tumors often involves the frequent use of Embosphere (Merit Medical Systems, South Jordan, Utah, USA). Nevertheless, inconsistency in size selection and dilution rates across different institutions requires comprehensive examination. This study explored the appropriate size and dilution rate of Embosphere microspheres. To assess catheter occlusion and Embosphere breakage, various dilutions (4-, 10-, 20-, 30-, and 60-fold) of Embosphere 300-500 and 500-700 μm were injected into the catheter in vitro. Results indicated that 20-fold or higher dilutions of Embosphere 300-500 μm and 30-fold or higher dilutions of Embosphere 500-700 μm showed no occlusion of the Excelsior SL-10 microcatheter (Stryker, Fremont, CA, USA) or Embosphere breakage. For embolization, to reduce the risk of Excelsior SL-10 occlusion further, a 30-fold dilution of Embosphere 300-500 μm and a 60-fold dilution of Embosphere 500-700 μm were employed. For 195 blood vessels in 107 patients (84 with meningioma and 23 with schwannoma), embolization was carried out using a 30-fold dilution of Embosphere 300-500 μm when the provocative test was negative and a 60-fold dilution of Embosphere 500-700 μm when the test was positive or when there was a risk of migration into neurotrophic vessels. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging after embolization revealed a reduced enhancement effect in 69.1% of cases. Embolization using a 30-fold dilution of Embosphere 300-500 μm and a 60-fold dilution of Embosphere 500-700 μm with an Excelsior SL-10 catheter is safe and satisfactory, which minimizes microcatheter occlusion."
661,brain tumour,39505339,[Gastrodin improves microglia-mediated inflammatory response after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats ,To investigate the mechanism of gastrodin for inhibiting microglia-mediated inflammation after hypoxicischemic brain damage (HIBD) in neonatal rats.
662,brain tumour,39505265,The Novel Lipid Emulsion Vegaven Is Well Tolerated and Elicits Distinct Biological Actions Compared With a Mixed-Oil Lipid Emulsion Containing Fish Oil: A Parenteral Nutrition Trial in Piglets.,"Vegaven is a novel lipid emulsion for parenteral nutrition (PN) based on 18-carbon n-3 (ω-3) fatty acids, which elicits liver protection via interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the murine model of PN."
663,brain tumour,39505240,Risk of incident cancer in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease with prior breast cancer: a multicenter cohort study.,Breast cancer is the most common malignancy observed in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The aim of our study was to evaluate incident cancer rate (recurrence or new-onset cancer) in a cohort of IBD patients with a history of breast cancer according to the subsequent IBD treatment provided.
664,brain tumour,39505049,Tumor-derived cyclooxygenase-2 fuels hypothalamic inflammation.,"Hypothalamic inflammation often coincides with cancer and cachexia-anorexia. Prior work established the significance of tumor-derived inflammatory factors in triggering hypothalamic inflammation, yet the precise mechanisms remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), produced in the tumor via cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), plays a pivotal role in this context. PGE2 itself directly exerts pro-inflammatory effects on the hypothalamus through the EP4 receptor, while also augmenting hypothalamic inflammation via NF-κB pathways in the presence of host gut-derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In tumor-bearing mice, we confirm this synergistic interaction between tumor-derived COX-2/PGE2 and host-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in amplifying hypothalamic inflammation. Supporting this mechanism we find that the tumor-specific knockout of COX-2 attenuates hypothalamic inflammation and improves survival in mice. Together, these findings highlight the mechanisms of tumor-associated COX-2 in fuelling hypothalamic inflammation. They also emphasize the potential of tumor-specific COX-2 inhibition and targeting gut permeability as a novel therapeutic strategy for improving clinical outcomes in cancer patients."
665,brain tumour,39504890,Clinical and MRI findings in patients with pediatric optic pathway glioma presenting with initial leptomeningeal dissemination.,"Although leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD) is a hallmark of malignant brain tumors, optic pathway glioma (OPG) of various grades can initially present with LMD, which is thenceforth interpreted as an aggressive tumor. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical and imaging findings of pediatric OPG (POPG) patients who presented with initial LMD to ensure a prompt diagnosis and better outcomes."
666,brain tumour,39504778,A conflict-free multi-modal fusion network with spatial reinforcement transformers for brain tumor segmentation.,"Brain gliomas are a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Existing glioma segmentation approaches using multi-modal inputs often rely on a simplistic approach of stacking images from all modalities, disregarding modality-specific features that could optimize diagnostic outcomes. This paper introduces STE-Net, a spatial reinforcement hybrid Transformer-based tri-branch multi-modal evidential fusion network designed for conflict-free brain tumor segmentation. STE-Net features two independent encoder-decoder branches that process distinct modality sets, along with an additional branch that integrates features through a cross-modal channel-wise fusion (CMCF) module. The encoder employs a spatial reinforcement hybrid Transformer (SRHT), which combines a Swin Transformer block and a modified convolution block to capture richer spatial information. At the output level, a conflict-free evidential fusion mechanism (CEFM) is developed, leveraging the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory and a conflict-solving strategy within a complex network framework. This mechanism ensures balanced reliability among the three output heads and mitigates potential conflicts. Each output is treated as a node in the complex network, and its importance is reassessed through the computation of direct and indirect weights to prevent potential mutual conflicts. We evaluate STE-Net on three public datasets: BraTS2018, BraTS2019, and BraTS2021. Both qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that STE-Net outperforms several state-of-the-art methods. Statistical analysis further confirms the strong correlation between predicted tumors and ground truth. The code for this project is available at https://github.com/whotwin/STE-Net."
667,brain tumour,36944004,Pheochromocytoma,"A pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor originating from chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla. Pheotochromocytomas clinical manifestations result from excessive catecholamine secretion. Catecholamines are a group of hormones and neurotransmitters crucial for regulating homeostasis and managing the body's response to stress. These chemicals are primarily produced by the adrenal gland and nerve tissue, including the brain. The principal catecholamines are dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Pheochromocytoma is a neoplasm that can be either benign or malignant and is often associated with familial syndromes such as neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2), and von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. In addition, sporadic cases are also significant, as they are among the most commonly overlooked causes of secondary hypertension (see "
668,brain tumour,39504067,Esculetin attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and protects neurons through Nrf2 activation in rats.,"Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor in the antioxidant response and is associated with various chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the action of esculetin, a natural dihydroxy coumarin, on attenuating middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion, and whether its effect is dependent on Nrf2 activation, as well as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibition. Two doses of esculetin (20 and 40 mg/kg) were tested on rats with MCAO reperfusion. Neurological deficiency, oxidative stress, and pathological analyses were performed to evaluate its effect. An in vitro analysis was also used to confirm whether its action was dependent on the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO-1 pathway. Compared with MCAO reperfusion rats, esculetin improved infarct volume and increased normal-shaped neuron cells by decreasing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β levels. The oxidative stress parameter malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) ratio increased after esculetin treatment. Moreover, esculetin inhibited NF-κB activation induced by MCAO. In vitro, hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) impaired the viability of rat neuron cells and esculetin showed a neuron protection effect on cells. Nrf2 inhibitor Brusatol inhibited the activation of Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1) caused by esculetin and abolished its protection effect. Esculetin protected cerebral neurons from ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1/NQO-1 activation."
669,brain tumour,39503973,Cell death in glioblastoma and the central nervous system.,"Glioblastoma is the commonest and deadliest primary brain tumor. Glioblastoma is characterized by significant intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity, resistance to treatment and dismal prognoses despite decades of research in understanding its biological underpinnings. Encompassed within this heterogeneity and therapy resistance are severely dysregulated programmed cell death pathways. Glioblastomas recapitulate many neurodevelopmental and neural injury responses; in addition, glioblastoma cells are composed of multiple different transformed versions of CNS cell types. To obtain a greater understanding of the features underlying cell death regulation in glioblastoma, it is important to understand the control of cell death within the healthy CNS during homeostatic and neurodegenerative conditions. Herein, we review apoptotic control within neural stem cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons and compare them to glioblastoma apoptotic control. Specific focus is paid to the Inhibitor of Apoptosis proteins, which play key roles in neuroinflammation, CNS cell survival and gliomagenesis. This review will help in understanding glioblastoma as a transformed version of a heterogeneous organ composed of multiple varied cell types performing different functions and possessing different means of apoptotic control. Further, this review will help in developing more glioblastoma-specific treatment approaches and will better inform treatments looking at more direct brain delivery of therapeutic agents."
670,brain tumour,39503868,The Segment Anything foundation model achieves favorable brain tumor auto-segmentation accuracy in MRI to support radiotherapy treatment planning.,"Promptable foundation auto-segmentation models like Segment Anything (SA, Meta AI, New York, USA) represent a novel class of universal deep learning auto-segmentation models that could be employed for interactive tumor auto-contouring in RT treatment planning."
671,brain tumour,39503370,Validation and next-generation update of a DNA methylation-based recurrence predictor for meningioma: a multicenter prospective study.,"We previously developed a DNA methylation-based risk predictor for meningioma, which has been used locally in a prospective fashion since its original publication. As a follow-up, we validate this model using a large prospective cohort and introduce a streamlined next-generation predictor compatible with newer methylation arrays."
672,brain tumour,39503065,"Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Patients With Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Analysis of Demographics, Comorbidities and Healthcare Outcomes.","Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is the most common neurocutaneous disorder in the United States. Due to a nonfunctional mutation in the NF1 gene, the disorder may initially present with café-au-lait spots and later numerous neurofibromas across the body. Epilepsy is a rare comorbidity of NF1, with an incidence of just 4%-7%. While abnormal electroencephalograms have been seen in up to 25% of NF1 patients, very few studies have investigated the association between epilepsy and the NF1 patient profile. This study was aimed at evaluating the associations between epilepsy and demographics, comorbidities and healthcare outcomes in NF1 patients. The 2017 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was retrospectively queried for patients with NF1 using ICD-10 PCS codes. Chi-square tests were used in univariable analysis to compare patients within this cohort with and without epilepsy. Regression analysis was used in multivariable analysis to identify comorbidities that were predictors of epilepsy and the effect of comorbidities on outcomes. 4635 patients with NF1 were identified, of which 655 (14.1%) had epilepsy and 3980 (85.9%) did not. The NF1 patient population with epilepsy was largely comprised of White males of lower household income in larger urban/teaching hospitals and who used Medicare or Medicaid. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that malignant brain neoplasms, paralytic ileus, scoliosis, pregnancy complications, paralysis, other neurological disorders, metastatic cancer, coagulopathy, drug abuse and hypertension were predictors of developing epilepsy in NF1 patients. Additionally, epilepsy in NF1 patients was associated with a shorter length of stay, lower total charges and fewer total procedures."
673,brain tumour,39502884,Dynamic Glucose Enhanced Imaging using Direct Water Saturation.,"Dynamic glucose enhanced (DGE) MRI studies employ chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) or spin lock (CESL) to study glucose uptake. Currently, these methods are hampered by low effect size and sensitivity to motion. To overcome this, we propose to utilize exchange-based linewidth (LW) broadening of the direct water saturation (DS) curve of the water saturation spectrum (Z-spectrum) during and after glucose infusion (DS-DGE MRI)."
674,brain tumour,39502752,ITGA1 Promotes Glioma Cell Proliferation and Affects Immune Cell Infiltration in Low-Grade Glioma.,
675,brain tumour,39502635,TME-Activated MnO,"Radiotherapy (RT) is currently recognized as an important treatment for glioblastoma (GBM), however, it is associated with several challenges. One of these challenges is the radioresistance caused by hypoxia, whereas the other is the low conversion efficiency of the strongly oxidized hydroxyl radical (•OH), which is produced by the decomposition of water due to high-energy X-ray radiation. These factors significantly limit the clinical effectiveness of radiotherapy."
676,brain tumour,39502315,Bereaved parents' perceptions of their cancer-ill child's last month with or without palliative care - a nationwide study.,"Cancer is still the leading cause of non-accidental death in childhood, although the majority of children diagnosed in high-income countries survive their illness. In accordance with international standards, equal and early access to palliative care should be available to children and adults. Yet communication and prognostic disclosure may influence the timing of involvement in palliative care. Purpose: To investigate whether parents perceived that their child received palliative care and to what extent that contrasted parents' perceptions of their child's care and symptoms in the last month of life."
677,brain tumour,39502281,Intradiploic epidermoid cyst in the skull: Case report and systematic review.,"Intradiploic epidermoid cysts are rare, benign tumors, accounting for less than 1% of all intracranial tumors. Due to their scarcity, we are reporting a case of an intradiploic epidermoid cyst and reviewing several similar cases in the literature to provide a better description of this tumor and analyze its clinical and radiological features. We conducted a search on the PubMed database for studies published between January 2010 and February 2023, including studies of nontraumatic and noniatrogenic calvarial cysts. We found a total of 34 studies and 41 patients, with an average patient age of 42.5 years. Common symptoms included painless masses, headaches, and seizures. The occipital, frontal, and parietal regions were the most common locations for these tumors. Some patients experienced complications such as otitis media, infection, or extension into the orbit and brain. Surgical resection was performed in all cases except for 2 patients with contraindications to surgery. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of an intradiploic epidermoid cyst. These cysts are rare skull lesions and can potentially cause neurological deficits due to their mass effect. If incompletely resected, they may also undergo malignant transformation. No single institution has accumulated enough cases to describe this rare tumor accurately. Therefore, through this review, we aim to highlight this tumor's epidemiological, clinical, and radiological features."
678,brain tumour,39502256,Anti-LGI1 encephalitis and Langerhans cell histiocytosis: Two associated entities? A case report.,"Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is an immune-mediated condition that induces brain inflammation due to several neural-specific autoantibodies. The main triggering and predisposing factors are infections, genetics, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and tumors. We report a case of a 57-year-old male with a biopsy-confirmed Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and a concomitant anti-LGI1 encephalitis discussing a possible relationship in the pathogenesis of these phenomena. Only sporadic cases of AE developing in the context of histiocytic neoplasms have been described and there are no other reports on the relationship between LGI1-AE and LCH worldwide due to small number of cases."
679,brain tumour,39502176,Macroporous chitosan/alginate hydrogels crosslinked with genipin accumulate and retain glioblastoma cancer cells.,"Grade IV multiforme glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive cancer that remains incurable due to the GBM cells invading and proliferating in the surrounding healthy tissues, even after tumor resection. A new therapeutic paradigm to treat GBM is to attract and accumulate GBM cells in a macroporous hydrogel inserted in the surgical cavity after tumor resection, followed by a targeted high dose of radiotherapy. This work presents a molding-based method to prepare macroporous hydrogels composed of sodium alginate and chitosan, homogeneously mixed in solution using sodium bicarbonate, and subsequently crosslinked with genipin and calcium chloride. The gels display a blue color, the result of chitosan crosslinking with genipin, fully interconnected pores with an average diameter of 180 μm (and tunable over a wide range), with a compression modulus of 10 kPa, close to the value of brain tissues. The gels are stable in cell culture media and keep their integrity after radiation doses comparable to current GBM treatment levels. Finally, F98 GBM cells accumulate relatively homogeneously and are retained within the gels."
680,brain tumour,39502047,[Mechanism of Butylphthalide in Treating Delayed Encephalopathy After Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Based on Activation of Microglia].,"Objective To explore the mechanism of butylphthalide (NBP) in regulating microglia activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in the hippocampus of the mouse model of delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP). Methods Wild-type C57 adult mice with normal cognitive function were selected,and DEACMP was modeled by static inhalation of carbon monoxide.The mice were randomized into three groups:DEACMP,control,and NBP.The NBP group was administrated with NBP suspension at 6 mg/kg by gavage for 21 days,and the DEACMP and control groups were administrated with the same amount of vegetable oil by gavage.The hippocampal injury was observed by HE staining.The protein level of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1) was determined by Western blotting,and the levels of downstream inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA. Results Compared with the control group,the DEACMP and NBP groups showed prolonged escape latency ("
681,brain tumour,39501957,The Mechanism of Action of Exosomes Derived from Glioblastoma Cells.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and lethal brain tumor characterized by rapid growth, invasive behavior, and resistance to conventional therapies, such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Despite these interventions, patient survival remains poor due to the tumor's ability to recur and adapt to treatments. The function of GBM-derived exosomes (GBM-exosomes) as essential mediators in tumor growth has drawn attention in recent years. These small extracellular vesicles are involved in the transfer of a variety of molecules, including cytokines, miRNAs, proteins, and DNA, facilitating intercellular communication that promotes GBM cell proliferation, angiogenesis, immune evasion, and resistance to therapies. This review aims to provide an in- -depth examination of the mechanisms through which GBM-exosomes contribute to these pathological processes, as well as to discuss the current methodologies for isolating and characterizing GBM exosomes. Additionally, we explore the potential of exosomes as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis and as novel therapeutic targets in the fight against GBM. By improving our understanding of GBM-exosomes, we can pave the way for the development of more effective, personalized treatment strategies that may improve patient outcomes and quality of life."
682,brain tumour,39501944,Computer-aided Drug Discovery of Epigenetic Modulators in Dual-target Therapy of Multifactorial Diseases.,"Numerous studies suggest that common genetic and epigenetic factors such as p53, histone deacetylase (HDAC), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the (Ataxia Telangiectasia mutated) ATM gene, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and altered expression of microRNA (miRNA) play a crucial role in cancer and neurodegeneration. As there is growing evidence that epigenetic aberrations in cancer and neurological diseases lead to complex pathophysiological changes, the simultaneous targeting of epigenetic and other related pathways by dual-target inhibitors may contribute to the discovery of more effective and personalized therapeutic options. Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) provides comprehensive bioinformatic, chemoinformatic, and chemometric approaches for the design of novel chemotypes of epigenetic dual-target inhibitors, enabling efficient discovery of new drug candidates for innovative treatments of these multifactorial diseases. The detailed anticancer mechanisms by which the epigenetic dual-target inhibitors alter metastatic and tumorigenic properties, influence the tumor microenvironment, or regulate the immune response are also presented and discussed in the review. To improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of cancer and neurodegeneration, this review discusses novel therapeutic agents targeting different molecular mechanisms involved in these multifactorial diseases."
683,brain tumour,39501373,Atomoxetine suppresses radioresistance in glioblastoma via circATIC/miR-520d-5p/Notch2-Hey1 axis.,"Resistance acquired after radiotherapy is directly related to the failure of various cancer treatments, including GBM. Because the mechanism for overcoming radioresistance has not yet been clearly identified, the development of diagnostic and therapeutic markers to treat radioresistance is necessary. Since increased expression of stemness- and EMT-related markers are reported to be closely correlated with radioresistance, research is underway to develop new drugs targeting these factors."
684,brain tumour,39501053,Completely non-invasive prediction of IDH mutation status based on preoperative native CT images.,"The isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status is one of the most important markers according to the 2021 WHO classification of CNS tumors. Preoperatively, this information is usually obtained based on invasive biopsies, contrast-enhanced MR images or PET images generated using radioactive tracers. However, the completely non-invasive determination of IDH mutation status using routinely acquired preoperative native CT images has hardly been investigated to date. In our study, we show that radiomics-based machine learning allows to determine IDH mutation status based on preoperative native CT images both with very high accuracy and completely non-invasively. Based on independent test data, we are able to correctly identify 91.1% of cases with an IDH mutation. Our final model, containing only six features, exhibits a high area under the curve of 0.847 and an excellent area under the precision-recall curve of 0.945. In the future, such models may be used for a completely non-invasive prediction of important genetic markers, potentially allowing treating physicians to reduce the number of biopsies and speed up further treatment planning."
685,brain tumour,39500924,Detection of IDH mutation in glioma by desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) tandem mass spectrometry.,"Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS) is used to assess mutation status of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) in human gliomas. Due to the diffuse nature of gliomas, total gross resection is not normally achieved during surgery, leading to tumor recurrence. The mutation status of IDH has clinical significance due to better prognosis in IDH-mutant patients. The mutant IDH converts alpha-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) into 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), which accumulates abnormally in cells. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) and genetic testing, the gold standards, are incompatible with intraoperative applications but DESI tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) can be used to assess the mutation status of IDH enzyme from tissue intraoperatively. Here, on off-line evaluation is made of the performance of two different types of mass spectrometers in characterization of IDH mutation status. The intensity of 2HG is measured against glutamate (Glu), an intrinsic reference molecule, in both tandem MS measurements. In both cases using DESI clear separation between IDH-mutant (mut) and IDH-wildtype (wt) samples (p < 0.0001) is observed, despite the short analysis time. Due to the higher detection sensitivity, multiple reaction monitoring experiments using a triple quadrupole show slightly better performance compared to product ion MS/MS performed on a simple linear ion trap. Both DESI-MS platforms are capable of providing information on IDH mutation status, which might in future be used at the time of surgery to support decision-making on resection regions, especially at tumor margins."
686,brain tumour,39500884,ZNF652 exerts a tumor suppressor role in lung cancer by transcriptionally downregulating cyclin D3.,"Dysfunction of zinc finger protein 652 (ZNF652) is associated with various malignant tumors. However, the role of ZNF652 in lung cancer (LC) is poorly understood. Here, we identified that ZNF652 was downregulated in human LC tissues and cell lines. Low ZNF652 expression was associated with poor survival in LC patients. Overexpression of ZNF652 inhibited cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of LC cells, whereas ZNF652 knockdown promoted these malignant phenotypes. Using RNA-seq analysis revealed that ZNF652 overexpression resulted in obvious alterations of various biological processes, especially cell cycle and cellular senescence. Subsequently, we confirmed that ZNF652 overexpression arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase, increased ROS-mediated DNA damage, induced LC cell senescence, and enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis in LC cells. Mechanistically, ZNF652 directly bound to the promoter of cyclin D3 (CCND3), inhibited its transcription, thereby arresting the cell cycle at the G1 phase. Ectopic expression of cyclin D3 rescued the decreased cell viability and cell cycle arrest induced by ZNF652. In vivo studies further showed that ZNF652 overexpression suppressed the tumorigenic potential of LC. Collectively, our findings reveal that ZNF652 exerts a tumor suppressor role in lung cancer by inducing cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence via transcriptionally downregulating cyclin D3. Thus, ZNF652 may be a prognostic predictive factor for LC patients."
687,brain tumour,39500854,Spirituality in Professional Patient-Centered Care for Adults with Primary Brain Tumors: An Exploratory Scoping Review.,"People with primary brain tumors face spiritual challenges due to neuro-cognitive disturbances such as aphasia and rapid neurological deterioration. This scoping review aimed to map the evidence regarding professional spiritual care in this neuro-oncological population. The literature search was conducted utilizing two databases (PubMed, CINAHL) and two peer-reviewed journals ('Spiritual Care', 'Journal of Religion and Health'). In total, 27 studies were analyzed, and five thematic categories were identified: (1) spiritual needs, (2) integrating the spiritual dimension in care, (3) spiritual care generalist interventions, (4) spiritual care specialist interventions, (5) assessments. Early integration of spiritual care and specific training are important."
688,brain tumour,39500635,The Optimal Radiotherapy Strategy for Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer and Brain Metastasis: A Retrospective Analysis.,"Extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) is a notoriously aggressive malignancy frequently associated with brain metastases (BMs), presenting substantial therapeutic challenges. This study delves into the effectiveness of immunotherapy combined with diverse radiotherapy, especially the influence of brain radiotherapy (BRT) on survival outcomes in the immunotherapy era."
689,brain tumour,39500625,Targeting Myeloperoxidase to Reduce Neuroinflammation in X-Linked Dystonia Parkinsonism.,"Although the genetic locus of X-linked dystonia parkinsonism (XDP), a neurodegenerative disease endemic in the Philippines, is well-characterized, the exact mechanisms leading to neuronal loss are not yet fully understood. Recently, we demonstrated an increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in XDP postmortem prefrontal cortex (PFC), suggesting a role for inflammation in XDP pathogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhibiting MPO could provide a therapeutic strategy for XDP."
690,brain tumour,39500570,Dynamic glucose-enhanced MRI of gliomas: A preliminary clinical application.,The study aimed to investigate the feasibility of dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) MRI technology in the clinical application of glioma. Twenty patients with glioma were examined using a preoperative DGE-MRI protocol before clinical intervention. A brief hyperglycemic state was achieved by injecting 50 mL of 50% w/w D-glucose intravenously during the DGE imaging. The total acquisition time for the DGE was 15 min. Area-under-the-curve (AUC) images were calculated using the DGE images. AUC
691,brain tumour,39500397,Cepharanthine inhibits the proliferation of glioblastoma cells by blocking the autophagy-lysosomal pathway.,"Cepharanthine (CEP) is a Stephania cepharantha-derived bioactive alkaloid that can inhibit the progression of numerous tumors. However, the effects and specific mechanisms of CEP performance in glioblastoma (GBM) remain unclear. Thus, this study focused on exploring the effects of CEP on GBM and clarifying the underlying mechanisms. U251 and U87 cells were selected to estimate the anti-GBM effects of CEP, and the possible targets of CEP were analyzed using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Validation experiments based on RNA-seq data were performed to clarify the key pathway by which CEP mediates GBM cells response. Results showed that CEP administration successfully inhibited the proliferation and induced the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of the GBM cells. RNA-seq analysis after CEP administration identified 386 differentially expressed genes, which were highly enriched in the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Subsequent findings demonstrated that CEP exhibited the potential to curb GBM progression by causing lysosomal and autophagic dysfunction. Taken together, our results indicate that CEP is a potential drug candidate for GBM intervention."
692,brain tumour,39500345,The advancements of organoids push the boundaries of glioblastoma research.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant tumor of the nervous system, which is difficult to treat due to its strong invasiveness, rapid progression, and poor prognosis. To understand the complex biological behavior of glioblasts and the interaction between tumors and hosts, a new in vitro platform based on human cells is required, which can summarize the complex cellular structure and cell diversity of the human brain, as well as the biological behavior of GBM. Organoids are 3D self-organizing tissues, partially similar to source tissues, which can simulate the structure and physiological functions of organs or tissues in vitro. In this review, we underline the widespread application of different types of GBOs models in GBM pathogenesis, including cells derived, tumor tissues derived, and other co-culture models, as well as their application and shortcomings in the treatment of GBM."
693,brain tumour,39500011,Association between seizure reduction during ketogenic diet treatment of epilepsy and changes in circulatory metabolites and gut microbiota composition.,"The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high fat, sufficient protein, and low carbohydrate dietary therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy. The underlying mechanisms of action of the KD remain unclear. In mice, the microbiota is necessary for the anti-seizure effect and specific microbes influence circulatory levels of metabolites that are linked to seizure reduction. However, it remains unclear which changes are linked to seizure reduction in patients with epilepsy."
694,brain tumour,26389502,Childhood Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version,"This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of childhood central nervous system germ cell tumors. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care. Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary (""Date Last Modified"") is the date of the most recent change. The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board."
695,brain tumour,39499486,Degradation fragments of Tau and type IV collagen as serum biomarkers in patients with recurrent glioblastoma treated with nivolumab and bevacizumab.,"There is an unmet need for new treatment options and biomarkers for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). Here we investigated three non-invasive biomarkers: type VI collagen degraded by granzyme B (C4G) and matrix metalloproteases (C4M), respectively, and ADAM10-degraded Tau (Tau-A)."
696,brain tumour,39498847,An update on the role of focused ultrasound in neuro-oncology.,"Brain tumor treatment presents challenges for patients and clinicians, with prognosis for many of the most common brain tumors being poor. Focused ultrasound (FUS) can be deployed in several ways to circumvent these challenges, including the need to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and spare healthy brain tissue. This article reviews current FUS applications within neuro-oncology, emphasizing ongoing or recently completed clinical trials."
697,brain tumour,39498846,CAR T-cell therapy for gliomas.,To review the landscape of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) therapy for gliomas as seen in recently published trials and discuss on-going challenges with new cancer immunotherapy treatments.
698,brain tumour,39498757,The role of external-beam radiotherapy for differentiated thyroid cancer.,"The treatment options for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) are surgery, thyroid stimulating hormone suppression, radioactive iodine, and multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The role of external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for DTC is controversial because of the lack of randomized controlled trials, but prospective single-arm studies and propensity score matching analyses have shown its efficacy and safety. This review discusses the role of EBRT after resection of gross disease, when there is a high risk of locoregional failure, as well as its role for locoregionally gross recurrent and unresectable disease. As in other tumor sites, EBRT has an important role in the palliative management and local control of patients with metastatic DTC, especially with bone and brain metastases."
699,brain tumour,39498581,Imaging treatment efficacy of repeated photodynamic therapy in glioblastoma using chemical exchange transfer saturation MRI.,To observe the tumor responses during photodynamic therapy in a murine glioblastoma model using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI and to compare the treatment effectiveness between single photodynamic therapy (sPDT) and repeated PDT (rePDT).
700,brain tumour,39498377,Enhancing glioma treatment with 3D scaffolds laden with upconversion nanoparticles and temozolomide in orthotopic mouse model.,"Targeted drug delivery for primary brain tumors, particularly gliomas, is currently a promising approach to reduce patient relapse rates. The use of substitutable scaffolds, which enable the sustained release of clinically relevant doses of anticancer medications, offers the potential to decrease the toxic burden on the patient's organism while also enhancing their quality of life and overall survival. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are being actively explored as promising agents for detection and monitoring of tumor growth, and as therapeutic agents that can provide isolated therapeutic effects and enhance standard chemotherapy. Our study is focused on the feasibility of constructing scaffolds using methacrylated hyaluronic acid with additional impregnation of UCNPs and the chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide (TMZ) for glioma treatment. The designed scaffolds have been demonstrated their efficacy as a drug and UCNPs delivery system for gliomas. Using the aggressive orthotopic glioma model "
701,brain tumour,39498357,Solid cancer-directed CAR T cell therapy that attacks both tumor and immunosuppressive cells via targeting PD-L1.,"Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has encountered limited success in solid tumors. The lack of dependable antigens and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) are major challenges. Within the TME, tumor cells along with immunosuppressive cells employ an immune-evasion mechanism that upregulates programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) to deactivate effector T cells; this makes PD-L1 a reliable, universal target for solid tumors. We developed a novel PD-L1 CAR (MC9999) using our humanized anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody, designed to simultaneously target tumor and immunosuppressive cells. The antigen-specific antitumor effects of MC9999 CAR T cells were observed consistently across four solid tumor models: breast cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Notably, intravenous administration of MC9999 CAR T cells eradicated intracranially established LN229 GBM tumors, suggesting penetration of the blood-brain barrier. The proof-of-concept data demonstrate the cytolytic effect of MC9999 CAR T cells against immunosuppressive cells, including microglia HMC3 cells and M2 macrophages. Furthermore, MC9999 CAR T cells elicited cytotoxicity against primary tumor-associated macrophages within GBM tumors. The concept of targeting both tumor and immunosuppressive cells with MC9999 was further validated using CAR T cells derived from cancer patients. These findings establish MC9999 as a foundation for the development of effective CAR T cell therapies against solid tumors."
702,brain tumour,39497648,The role of the Ki-67 labelling index as an independent prognostic factor in indonesian glioma patients.,"Gliomas are the most common type of brain tumor. However, interpreting glioma morphology is subjective, and identifying mitosis can be challenging. This can impact the determination of the patient's tumor grade, therapy, and prognosis. In addition, the Ki-67 expression level, which reflects the tumor cells' ability to proliferate, is closely related to the patient's survival. This study aims to find a correlation between Ki-67 expression and the overall survival (OS) of glioma patients in the Indonesian population."
703,brain tumour,39497639,"Effect of Microbubble Size, Composition, and Multiple Sonication Points on Sterile Inflammatory Response in Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Opening.","Blood-brain barrier opening (BBBO) using focused ultrasound (FUS) and microbubbles (MBs) has emerged as a promising technique for delivering therapeutics to the brain. However, the influence of various FUS and MB parameters on BBBO and subsequent sterile inflammatory response (SIR) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of MB size and composition, as well as the number of FUS sonication points, on BBBO and SIR in an immunocompetent mouse model. Using MRI-guided MB + FUS, we targeted the striatum and assessed extravasation of an MRI contrast agent to assess BBBO and RNaseq to assess SIR. Our results revealed distinct effects of these parameters on BBBO and SIR. Specifically, at a matched microbubble volume dose (MVD), MB size did not affect the extent of BBBO, but smaller (1 μm diameter) MBs exhibited a lower classification of SIR than larger (3 or 5 μm diameter) MBs. Lipid-shelled microbubbles exhibited greater BBBO and a more pronounced SIR compared to albumin-shelled microbubbles, likely owing to the latter's poor "
704,brain tumour,39497174,Flow cytometry identifies changes in peripheral and intrathecal lymphocyte patterns in CNS autoimmune disorders and primary CNS malignancies.,"Immune dysregulation is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by an excessive immune response, and primary CNS tumors (pCNS-tumors) showing a highly immunosuppressive parenchymal microenvironment."
705,brain tumour,39497133,High level of aneuploidy and recurrent loss of chromosome 11 as relevant features of somatotroph pituitary tumors.,Somatotroph neuroendocrine pituitary tumors (sPitNET) are a subtype of pituitary tumors that commonly cause acromegaly. Our study aimed to determine the spectrum of DNA copy number abnormalities (CNAs) in sPitNETs and their relevance.
706,brain tumour,39496916,The role of ACSL4 in stroke: mechanisms and potential therapeutic target.,"Stroke, as a neurological disorder with a poor overall prognosis, has long plagued the patients. Current stroke therapy lacks effective treatments. Ferroptosis has emerged as a prominent subject of discourse across various maladies in recent years. As an emerging therapeutic target, notwithstanding its initial identification in tumor cells associated with brain diseases, it has lately been recognized as a pivotal factor in the pathological progression of stroke. Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) is a potential target and biomarker of catalytic unsaturated fatty acids mediating ferroptosis in stroke. Specifically, the upregulation of ACSL4 leads to heightened accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby exacerbating the progression of ferroptosis in neuronal cells. ACSL4 is present in various tissues and involved in multiple pathways of ferroptosis. At present, the pharmacological mechanisms of targeting ACSL4 to inhibit ferroptosis have been found in many drugs, but the molecular mechanisms of targeting ACSL4 are still in the exploratory stage. This paper introduces the physiopathological mechanism of ACSL4 and the current status of the research involved in ferroptosis crosstalk and epigenetics, and summarizes the application status of ACSL4 in modern pharmacology research, and discusses the potential application value of ACSL4 in the field of stroke."
707,brain tumour,39496803,Initial feasibility cohort of temporally modulated pulsed proton re-irradiation (TMPPR) for recurrent high-grade intracranial malignancies.,"Recurrent high-grade intracranial malignancies have a grim prognosis and uniform management guidelines are lacking. Re-irradiation is underused due to concerns about irreversible side effects. Pulsed-reduced dose rate radiotherapy (PRDR) aims to reduce toxicity while improving tumor control by exploiting dose-rate effects. We share our initial experience with temporally modulated pulsed proton re-irradiation (TMPPR), focusing on workflow, safety, feasibility, and outcomes for the first patient cohort. TMPPR was administered to patients with recurrent or progressive central nervous system malignancies using intensity modulated proton therapy with three fields. Patient and treatment data were collected, responses categorized using RANO assessment, and toxicities graded using CTCAE v5.0. Five patients received TMPPR between October 2022 and May 2023, with a median age of 54 years (Range: 32-72), and a median time from initial radiotherapy to re-RT of 23 months (Range 14-40). Treatment was completed without delay, with a median dose of 60 GyRBE in 30 fractions. Initial treatment response assessment showed complete (n = 1) or partial (n = 3) responses. Limited toxicity was observed, primarily grade 2 alopecia and one case of radiation necrosis graded at 2. This early experience demonstrates the feasibility of TMPPR delivery, highlighting the importance of prospective evaluations in the re-irradiation setting."
708,brain tumour,39496783,Tufm lactylation regulates neuronal apoptosis by modulating mitophagy in traumatic brain injury.,"Lactates accumulation following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is detrimental. However, whether lactylation is triggered and involved in the deterioration of TBI remains unknown. Here, we first report that Tufm lactylation pathway induces neuronal apoptosis in TBI. Lactylation is found significantly increased in brain tissues from patients with TBI and mice with controlled cortical impact (CCI), and in neuronal injury cell models. Tufm, a key factor in mitophagy, is screened and identified to be mostly lactylated. Tufm is detected to be lactylated at K286 and the lactylation inhibits the interaction of Tufm and Tomm40 on mitochondria. The mitochondrial distribution of Tufm is then inhibited. Consequently, Tufm-mediated mitophagy is suppressed while mitochondria-induced neuronal apoptosis is increased. In contrast, the knockin of a lactylation-deficient Tufm"
709,brain tumour,39496747,Deciphering the topological landscape of glioma using a network theory framework.,"Glioma stem cells have been recognized as key players in glioma recurrence and therapeutic resistance, presenting a promising target for novel treatments. However, the limited understanding of the role glioma stem cells play in the glioma hierarchy has drawn controversy and hindered research translation into therapies. Despite significant advances in our understanding of gene regulatory networks, the dynamics of these networks and their implications for glioma remain elusive. This study employs a systemic theoretical perspective to integrate experimental knowledge into a core endogenous network model for glioma, thereby elucidating its energy landscape through network dynamics computation. The model identifies two stable states corresponding to astrocytic-like and oligodendrocytic-like tumor cells, connected by a transition state with the feature of high stemness, which serves as one of the energy barriers between astrocytic-like and oligodendrocytic-like states, indicating the instability of glioma stem cells in vivo. We also obtained various stable states further supporting glioma's multicellular origins and uncovered a group of transition states that could potentially induce tumor heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance. This research proposes that the transition states linking both glioma stable states are central to glioma heterogeneity and therapy resistance. Our approach may contribute to the advancement of glioma therapy by offering a novel perspective on the complex landscape of glioma biology."
710,brain tumour,39496724,Tumor growth and vascular redistribution contributes to the dosimetric preferential effect of microbeam radiotherapy: a Monte Carlo study.,"The radiobiological mechanisms behind the favorable response of tissues to microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) are not fully described yet. Among other factors, the differential action to tumor and normal tissue vasculature is considered to contribute to MRT efficacy. This computational study evaluates the relevance of tumor growth stage and associated vascular redistribution to this effect. A multiscale approach was employed with two simulation softwares: TOPAS and CompuCell3D. Segmentation images of the angioarchitecture of a non-bearing tumor mouse brain were used. The tumor vasculature at different tumor growth stages was obtained by simulating the tumor proliferation and spatial vascular redistribution. The radiation-induced damage to vascular cells and consequent change in oxygen perfusion were simulated for normal and tumor tissues. The multiscale model showed that oxygen perfusion to tissues and vessels decreased as a function of the tumor proliferation stage, and with the decrease in uniformity of the vasculature spatial distribution in the tumor tissue. This led to an increase in the fraction of hypoxic (up to 60%) and necrotic (10%) tumor cells at advanced tumor stages, whereas normal tissues remained normoxic. These results showed that tumor stage and spatial vascular distribution contribute to the preferential effect of MRT in tumors."
711,brain tumour,26389185,Childhood Ependymoma: Patient Version,"This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of childhood ependymoma. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care. Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary (""Date Last Modified"") is the date of the most recent change. The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board."
712,brain tumour,39496157,Intracranial pleomorphic liposarcoma misclassified as a pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma by a DNA methylation classifier: illustrative case.,"Recently, it has been shown that DNA methylation arrays and German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum) methylation classifiers are useful aids in brain tumor diagnosis for cases in which histopathological diagnosis is difficult. However, not enough is known about diagnostic aids for intracranial liposarcoma (LPS)."
713,brain tumour,39496101,Teaching NeuroImage: Use of Arterial Spin Labeling to Differentiate Ictal Phenomenon From Tumor Progression in Grade 3 Astrocytoma.,No abstract found
714,brain tumour,39495986,Primary intracranial malignant melanomas: A case series with literature review.,"There is a high chance of misdiagnosis and limited knowledge regarding therapeutic strategies owing to the rarity of primary intracranial malignant melanoma (PIMM). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the clinical features, treatment modalities, and outcomes of patients with histologically proven PIMM."
715,brain tumour,39495977,"The impact of early cranioplasty on neurological function, stress response, and cognitive function in traumatic brain injury.","To analyze the efficacy of early cranioplasty in patients with traumatic brain injury and its impact on neurological function, stress response, and cognitive function. A total of 90 patients with traumatic brain injury admitted to the hospital from January 2021 to March 2024 were included in the study. The patients were divided into an observation group (45 cases) and a control group (45 cases) based on the timing of their cranioplasty. The control group underwent cranioplasty 3 to 6 months post-trauma, while the observation group received cranioplasty within 3 months post-trauma. Neurological function was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Functional Independence Measure, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination. Blood samples were collected to measure and compare serum levels of interleukin-6, cortisol, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha between the 2 groups. The observation group demonstrated a higher rate of excellent recovery compared to the control group (95.56% vs 80.00%), with significantly lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores ([11.18 ± 2.35] vs [14.74 ± 3.61], P < .05). Posttreatment scores for Functional Independence Measure, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination were significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group ([59.26 ± 6.12] vs [47.86 ± 5.27], [25.02 ± 4.61] vs [22.74 ± 5.13], [103.52 ± 10.63] vs [88.76 ± 7.39], P < .05). Serum levels of interleukin-6, cortisol, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were significantly lower in the observation group ([22.76 ± 4.15] ng/mL vs [25.38 ± 5.27] ng/mL, [66.29 ± 4.91] nmol/L vs [78.24 ± 6.08] nmol/L, [3.36 ± 1.02] ng/mL vs [4.91 ± 0.98] ng/mL, P < .05). The total incidence of postoperative complications was significantly lower in the observation group (8.70% vs 26.09%, P < .05). Early cranioplasty is beneficial for the postoperative recovery of patients with traumatic brain injury. It improves neurological function, enhances cognitive function, and reduces stress response, while also significantly lowering the incidence of postoperative complications."
716,brain tumour,39495788,Radiosurgery-induced early changes in peritumoral tissue sodium concentration of brain metastases.,"Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective therapy for brain metastases. Response is assessed with serial 1H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Early markers for response are desirable to allow for individualized treatment adaption. Previous studies indicated that radiotherapy might have impact on tissue sodium concentration. Thus, 23Na MRI could provide early quantification of response to SRS."
717,brain tumour,39495513,US Cancer Mortality Trends Among Asian and Pacific Islander Populations.,Cancer is the leading cause of death among Asian American individuals and the second leading cause of death among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander people.
718,brain tumour,39495426,Limitations of outcome prediction based on interfractional volume changes of large (≥ 10cm,This study investigated the interfractional volume changes of large (≥ 10 cm
719,brain tumour,39495254,PHGDH Induction by MAPK is Essential for Melanoma Formation and Creates an Actionable Metabolic Vulnerability.,"Overexpression of PHGDH, the rate-limiting enzyme in the serine synthesis pathway, promotes melanomagenesis, melanoma cell proliferation, and survival of metastases in serine-low environments such as the brain. Here, we found that PHGDH is universally increased in melanoma cells and required for melanomagenesis. While PHGDH amplification explained PHGDH overexpression in a subset of melanomas, oncogenic BRAFV600E also promoted PHGDH transcription through mTORC1-mediated translation of ATF4. Importantly, depletion of PHGDH in genetic mouse melanoma models blocked tumor formation. In addition to BRAFV600E-mediated upregulation, PHGDH was further induced by exogenous serine restriction. Surprisingly, BRAFV600E inhibition diminished serine restriction-mediated PHGDH expression by preventing ATF4 induction. Consequently, melanoma cells could be specifically starved of serine by combining BRAFV600E inhibition with exogenous serine restriction, which promoted cell death in vitro and attenuated melanoma growth in vivo. In summary, this study identified that PHGDH is essential for melanomagenesis and regulated by BRAFV600E, revealing a targetable vulnerability in BRAFV600E-mutant melanoma."
720,brain tumour,39495206,FOXR2 targets LHX6+/DLX+ neural lineages to drive CNS neuroblastoma.,"Central nervous system neuroblastoma with FOXR2 activation (NB-FOXR2) is a high-grade tumor of the brain hemispheres and a newly identified molecular entity. Tumors express dual neuronal and glial markers, leading to frequent misdiagnoses, and limited information exists on the role of FOXR2 in their genesis. To identify their cellular origins, we profiled the transcriptomes of NB-FOXR2 tumors at the bulk and single-cell levels and integrated these profiles with large single-cell references of the normal brain. NB-FOXR2 tumors mapped to LHX6+/DLX+ lineages derived from the medial ganglionic eminence, a progenitor domain in the ventral telencephalon. In vivo prenatal Foxr2 targeting to the ganglionic eminences in mice induced postnatal cortical tumors recapitulating human NB-FOXR2 specific molecular signatures. Profiling of FOXR2 binding on chromatin in murine models revealed an association with ETS transcriptional networks, as well as direct binding of FOXR2 at key transcription factors that coordinate initiation of gliogenesis. These data indicate that NB-FOXR2 originate from LHX6+/DLX+ interneuron lineages, a lineage-of-origin distinct from that of other FOXR2-driven brain tumors, highlight the susceptibility of ventral telencephalon-derived interneurons to FOXR2-driven oncogenesis, and suggest that FOXR2-induced activation of glial programs may explain the mixed neuronal and oligodendroglial features in these tumors. More broadly, this work underscores systematic profiling of brain development as an efficient approach to orient oncogenic targeting for in vivo modeling, critical for the study of rare tumors and development of therapeutics."
721,brain tumour,39495095,Clinical results of helical tomotherapy for high-grade gliomas.,Radiotherapy-related damage of normal tissue inevitably influences the treatment outcomes in the context of high-grade gliomas (HGGs) treatment. We reported the survival outcomes and toxicities of patients with HGG treated with helical tomotherapy (HT) and the prognostic factors were analyzed.
722,brain tumour,39495010,Multidisciplinary management strategies for recurrent brain metastasis after prior radiotherapy: An overview.,"As cancer patients with intracranial metastatic disease experience increasingly prolonged survival, the diagnosis and management of recurrent brain metastasis pose significant challenges in clinical practice. Prior to deciding upon a management strategy, it is necessary to ascertain whether patients have recurrent/progressive disease vs adverse radiation effect, classify the recurrence as local or distant in the brain, evaluate the extent of intracranial disease (size, number and location of lesions, and brain metastasis velocity), the status of extracranial disease, and enumerate the interval from the last intracranially directed intervention to disease recurrence. A spectrum of salvage local treatment options includes surgery (resection and laser interstitial thermal therapy [LITT]) with or without adjuvant radiotherapy in the forms of external beam radiotherapy, intraoperative radiotherapy, or brachytherapy. Nonoperative salvage local treatments also range from single fraction and fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS/FSRS) to whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT). Optimal integration of systemic therapies, preferably with central nervous system (CNS) activity, may also require reinterrogation of brain metastasis tissue to identify actionable molecular alterations specific to intracranial progressive disease. Ultimately, the selection of the appropriate management approach necessitates a sophisticated understanding of patient, tumor, and prior treatment-related factors and is often multimodal; hence, interdisciplinary evaluation for such patients is indispensable."
723,brain tumour,39494997,Inhibition of Aβ Aggregation and Tau Phosphorylation with Functionalized Biomimetic Nanoparticles for Synergic Alzheimer's Disease Therapy.,"The main pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) are extracellular senile plaques caused by β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles derived from hyperphosphorylated Tau protein (p-Tau). However, it is difficult to obtain a good curative effect because of the poor brain bioavailability of drugs, which is attributed to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restriction and complicated brain conditions. Herein, HM-DK was proposed for synergistic therapy of AD by using hollow mesoporous manganese dioxide (HM) as a carrier to deliver an Aβ-inhibiting peptide and a Dp-peptide inhibitor of Tau-related fibril formation synergistically. Inspired by 4T1 cancer cells promoting BBB penetration during brain metastasis, a prospective biomimetic nanocarrier (HM-DK@CM) encapsulated by 4T1 cell membranes was designed. After crossing the BBB, HM-DK@CM inhibited Aβ aggregation and prevented Tau phosphorylation simultaneously. Moreover, by taking advantage of the catalase-like activity of HM, HM-DK@CM relieved oxidative stress and altered the microenvironment associated with the development of AD. Compared with the single therapeutic drug, HM-DK@CM restored nerve damage and improved AD mice's learning and memory abilities by decreasing Aβ oligomer, p-Tau protein, and inflammation through various pathways for synergistic therapy, which has broad prospects for the effective treatment of AD."
724,brain tumour,39494917,Fundamental effects of array density and modulation frequency on image quality of diffuse optical tomography.,"Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) provides three-dimensional image reconstruction of chromophore perturbations within a turbid volume. Two leading strategies to optimize DOT image quality include, (i) arrays of regular, interlacing, high-density (HD) grids of sources and detectors with closest spacing less than 15 mm, or (ii) source modulated light of order ∼100 MHz."
725,brain tumour,39494889,Evaluation of LC3-II Release via Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to the Accumulation of Intracellular LC3-positive Vesicles.,"(Macro)autophagy represents a fundamental cellular degradation pathway. In this process, double-membraned vesicles known as autophagosomes engulf cytoplasmic contents, subsequently fusing with lysosomes for degradation. Beyond the canonical role, autophagy-related genes also modulate a secretory pathway involving the release of inflammatory molecules, tissue repair factors, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Notably, the process of disseminating pathological proteins between cells, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases affecting the brain and spinal cord, underscores the significance of understanding this phenomenon. Recent research suggests that the transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43), a key player in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration, is released in an autophagy-dependent manner via EVs enriched with the autophagosome marker microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B-II (LC3-II), especially when autophagosome-lysosome fusion is inhibited. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the formation and release of LC3-II-positive EVs, it is imperative to establish an accessible and reproducible method for evaluating both intracellular and extracellular LC3-II-positive vesicles. This study presents a detailed protocol for assessing LC3-II levels via immunoblotting in cellular and EV fractions obtained through differential centrifugation. Bafilomycin A1 (Baf), an inhibitor of autophagosome-lysosome fusion, serves as a positive control to enhance the levels of intracellular and extracellular LC3-II-positive vesicles. Tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) is used as a marker for multivesicular bodies. Applying this protocol, it is demonstrated that siRNA-mediated knockdown of syntaxin-6 (STX6), a genetic risk factor for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, augments LC3-II levels in the EV fraction of cells treated with Baf while showing no significant effect on TSG101 levels. These findings suggest that STX6 may negatively regulate the extracellular release of LC3-II via EVs, particularly under conditions where autophagosome-lysosome fusion is impaired. Combined with established methods for evaluating autophagy, this protocol provides valuable insights into the role of specific molecules in the formation and release of LC3-II-positive EVs."
726,brain tumour,39494862,A Photopolymerizable Hyaluronic Acid-Collagen Model of the Invasive Glioma Microenvironment with Interstitial Flow.,"Glioblastoma recurrence is a major hindrance to treatment success and is driven by the invasion of glioma stem cells (GSCs) into healthy tissue that are inaccessible to surgical resection and are resistant to existing chemotherapies. Tissue-level fluid movement, or interstitial fluid flow (IFF), regulates GSC invasion in a manner dependent on the tumor microenvironment (TME), highlighting the need for model systems that incorporate both IFF and the TME. We present an accessible method for replicating the invasive TME in glioblastoma: a hyaluronan-collagen I hydrogel composed of human GSCs, astrocytes, and microglia seeded in a tissue culture insert. Elevated IFF can be represented by applying a fluid pressure head to the hydrogel. Additionally, this model can be tuned to replicate inter- or intra-patient differences in cellular ratios, flow rates, or matrix stiffnesses. Invasion can be quantified, while gels can be harvested for a variety of outcomes, including GSC invasion, flow cytometry, protein or RNA extraction, or imaging."
727,brain tumour,39494363,Enhanced MRI-based brain tumour classification with a novel Pix2pix generative adversarial network augmentation framework.,"The scarcity of medical imaging datasets and privacy concerns pose significant challenges in artificial intelligence-based disease prediction. This poses major concerns to patient confidentiality as there are now tools capable of extracting patient information by merely analysing patient's imaging data. To address this, we propose the use of synthetic data generated by generative adversarial networks as a solution. Our study pioneers the utilisation of a novel Pix2Pix generative adversarial network model, specifically the 'image-to-image translation with conditional adversarial networks,' to generate synthetic datasets for brain tumour classification. We focus on classifying four tumour types: glioma, meningioma, pituitary and healthy. We introduce a novel conditional deep convolutional neural network architecture, developed from convolutional neural network architectures, to process the pre-processed generated synthetic datasets and the original datasets obtained from the Kaggle repository. Our evaluation metrics demonstrate the conditional deep convolutional neural network model's high performance with synthetic images, achieving an accuracy of 86%. Comparative analysis with state-of-the-art models such as Residual Network50, Visual Geometry Group 16, Visual Geometry Group 19 and InceptionV3 highlights the superior performance of our conditional deep convolutional neural network model in brain tumour detection, diagnosis and classification. Our findings underscore the efficacy of our novel Pix2Pix generative adversarial network augmentation technique in creating synthetic datasets for accurate brain tumour classification, offering a promising avenue for improved disease prediction and treatment planning."
728,brain tumour,39494331,SUMOylation modification of HNRNPK at the K422 site promotes invasion in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly heterogeneous brain tumor with limited treatment options. Recent studies revealed cellular heterogeneity and the potential for interconversion between distinct cell types on the basis of RNA sequencing and single-cell analyses. The ability of different cell types to adapt to their surrounding environment and undergo transformation significantly complicates the study and treatment of GBM. In this study, we reveal that HNRNPK-SUMO1 expression is predominantly found in the GBM infiltration area. SUMOylation of the K422 residue of HNRNPK interferes with its DNA binding ability, thereby disrupting downstream transcription, and ultimately leading to transitions between different states of glioblastoma stem cells. Although the proneural subtype is considered to have a better prognosis, transitioning towards this state promotes tumor invasion. These findings serve as a reminder to exercise caution when considering treatments targeting specific cellular subtypes."
729,brain tumour,39494168,"Analyzing dissemination, quality, and reliability of Chinese brain tumor-related short videos on TikTok and Bilibili: a cross-sectional study.","As the Internet becomes an increasingly vital source of medical information, the quality and reliability of brain tumor-related short videos on platforms such as TikTok and Bilibili have not been adequately evaluated. Therefore, this study aims to assess these aspects and explore the factors influencing the dissemination of such videos."
730,brain tumour,39493880,Genetic and clinical characteristics of genetic tumor syndromes in the central nervous system cancers: Implications for clinical practice.,Recognizing individuals with Genetic tumor syndromes (GTS) in the primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors is crucial for optimizing proper genetic counseling and improving therapeutics and clinical care. We retrospectively analyzed the GTS in a Chinese CNS tumor cohort and examined the molecular characteristics and their clinical significance for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Our study identified 34 categories of GTS in 258 patients with CNS tumors. The gene with the highest germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutation frequency was 
731,brain tumour,39493751,Analyzing research trends in glioblastoma metabolism: a bibliometric review.,A bibliometric and visual analysis of articles related to glioblastoma metabolism was conducted to reveal the dynamics of scientific development and to assist researchers in gaining a global perspective when exploring hotspots and trends.
732,brain tumour,39493414,Effect of antibiotic drug use on outcome and therapy-related toxicity in patients with glioblastoma-A retrospective cohort study.,"Glioblastoma (GB) is the most frequent malignant brain tumor and has a dismal prognosis. In other cancers, antibiotic use has been associated with severity of chemotherapy-induced toxicity and outcome. We investigated if these mechanisms are also involved in GB."
733,brain tumour,39493351,Targeting erbB Pathways in Breast Cancer: Dual Kinase Inhibition for Brain Metastasis and Prevention of p185HER2/Neu Tumor Development.,"Breast cancer predominantly affects women and poses challenges in the treatment of both local and advanced diseases. In a previous study, we reported the effectiveness of ER121, a structurally resolved small compound specifically designed to target human cancers expressing or overexpressing mutant EGFR and HER2."
734,brain tumour,39492938,Anticancer effect of the oncolytic Newcastle disease virus harboring the PTEN gene on glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal types of human brain cancer and is characterized by rapid growth, an aggressive nature and a poor prognosis. GBM is highly heterogeneous, and often involves several genetic mutations and abnormalities. Genetic disorders or low expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) are associated with GBM occurrence, progression and poor prognosis of patients with GBM. However, effective delivery of PTEN for expression in GBM cells within the brain remains challenging. The aim of the present study was to develop a therapeutic strategy to restore PTEN expression in GBM cells by utilizing a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) vector expressing the human PTEN gene (rNDV-PTEN). Methods included infection of U87-MG cells with rNDV-PTEN, followed by assessments of PTEN expression, and cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Additionally, an orthotopic GBM mouse model was used to evaluate the "
735,brain tumour,39492838,Single-cell transcriptomics reveals IRF7 regulation of the tumor microenvironment in isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type glioma.,"Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) are important markers of glioma prognosis. However, few studies have examined the gene expression regulatory network (GRN) in IDH-mutant and wild-type gliomas. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome sequencing were used to analyze the GRN of cell subsets in patients with IDH-mutant and wild-type gliomas. Through gene transcriptional regulation analysis, we identified the M4 module, whose transcription factor activity is highly expressed in IDH wild-type gliomas compared to IDH-mutants. Enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were predominantly expressed in microglia and macrophages, with significant enrichment in interferon-related signaling pathways. Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), a transcription factor within this pathway, showed the highest percentage of enrichment and was primarily localized in the core region of wild-type IDH tumors. A machine-learning prognostic model identified novel subgroups within the wild-type IDH population. Additionally, IRF7 was shown to promote the proliferation and migration of T98G and U251 cells in vitro, and its knockdown affected glioma cell proliferation in vivo. This study systematically established the regulatory mechanism of IDH transcriptional activity in gliomas at the single-cell level and drew a corresponding cell map. The study presents a transcriptional regulatory activity map for IDH wild-type gliomas, involving single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to identify gene regulatory networks, machine learning models for IDH subtyping, and experimental validation, highlighting the role of IRF7 in glioma progression."
736,brain tumour,39492832,Neuroscience in peripheral cancers: tumors hijacking nerves and neuroimmune crosstalk.,"Cancer neuroscience is an emerging field that investigates the intricate relationship between the nervous system and cancer, gaining increasing recognition for its importance. The central nervous system governs the development of the nervous system and directly affects brain tumors, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) shapes the tumor microenvironment (TME) of peripheral tumors. Both systems are crucial in cancer initiation and progression, with recent studies revealing a more intricate role of the PNS within the TME. Tumors not only invade nerves but also persuade them through remodeling to further promote malignancy, creating a bidirectional interaction between nerves and cancers. Notably, immune cells also contribute to this communication, forming a triangular relationship that influences protumor inflammation and the effectiveness of immunotherapy. This review delves into the intricate mechanisms connecting the PNS and tumors, focusing on how various immune cell types influence nerve‒tumor interactions, emphasizing the clinical relevance of nerve‒tumor and nerve‒immune dynamics. By deepening our understanding of the interplay between nerves, cancer, and immune cells, this review has the potential to reshape tumor biology insights, inspire innovative therapies, and improve clinical outcomes for cancer patients."
737,brain tumour,39492762,A Comprehensive Review of the Recent Advancements in Imaging Segmentation and Registration Techniques for Glioblastoma and Focusing on the Utilization of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) Scans.,"The most common primary malignant brain tumor is glioblastoma. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) diagnosis is difficult. However, image segmentation and registration methods may simplify and automate Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan analysis. Medical practitioners and researchers can better identify and characterize glioblastoma tumors using this technology. Many segmentation and registration approaches have been proposed recently. Note that these approaches are not fully compiled. This review efficiently and critically evaluates the state-of-the-art segmentation and registration techniques for MRI and CT GBM images, providing researchers, medical professionals, and students with a wealth of knowledge to advance GBM imaging and inform decision-making. GBM's origins and development have been examined, along with medical imaging methods used to diagnose tumors. Image segmentation and registration were examined, showing their importance in this difficult task. Frequently encountered glioblastoma segmentation and registration issues were examined. Based on these theoretical foundations, recent image segmentation and registration advances were critically analyzed. Additionally, evaluation measures for analytical efforts were thoroughly reviewed."
738,brain tumour,39492680,Primary intracranial dedifferentiated liposarcoma: An extremely rare site with unusual histopathological findings.,"Primary intracranial sarcomas constitute a rare group of tumors, with the most common types described in the literature being chondrosarcoma and fibrosarcoma. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) is a high-grade sarcoma that sometimes metastasizes to the brain. However, a primary intracranial DDLS is exceedingly rare. A 45-year-old patient from the Middle East came to India for treatment. His magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans revealed a space-occupying lesion at the level of the lateral ventricle T2/fluid attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity with peripheral edema. A T1 perfusion map showed high relative cerebral blood volume values in the peripheral part, suggesting a high-grade neoplasm. Gross total resection was performed, and histopathology showed a high-grade tumor composed of sheets of pleomorphic lipoblasts and epithelioid tumor cells arranged in nests and cords. Immunohistochemistry showed diffuse immunopositivity for MDM2, CDK4, and p16, while GFAP and OLIG2 were negative. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed MDM2 amplification. Final diagnosis of DDLS was rendered. The patient had no systemic lesions elsewhere on positron emission tomography computed tomography scan."
739,brain tumour,39492661,Phase II Trial of Pathology-based Tripartite Treatment Stratification for Patients with CNS Germ Cell Tumors: A Long-term Follow-up Study.,"A previous Phase II clinical trial, conducted from 1995 to 2003, evaluated CNS germ cell tumors (GCTs) using a three-group treatment stratification based on histopathology. The primary objective of the study was to assess the long-term efficacy of standardized treatment regimens, while the secondary objective focused on identifying associated long-term complications."
740,brain tumour,39492653,Spermine Synthase : A Potential Prognostic Marker for Lower-Grade Gliomas.,"The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between spermine synthase (SMS) expression, tumor occurrence, and prognosis in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs)."
741,brain tumour,39492549,Deep learning-based noise reduction preserves quantitative MRI biomarkers in patients with brain tumors.,"The use of relaxometry and Diffusion-Tensor Imaging sequences for brain tumor assessment is limited by their long acquisition time. We aim to test the effect of a denoising algorithm based on a Deep Learning Reconstruction (DLR) technique on quantitative MRI parameters while reducing scan time. In 22 consecutive patients with brain tumors, DLR applied to fast and noisy MR sequences preserves the mean values of quantitative parameters (Fractional anisotropy, mean Diffusivity, T1 and T2-relaxation time) and produces maps with higher structural similarity compared to long duration sequences. This could promote wider use of these biomarkers in clinical setting."
742,brain tumour,39492004,Re: Association between objective neurocognitive functioning and neurocognitive complaints in recurrent high-grade glioma: Longitudinal evidence of cognitive awareness from EORTC brain tumour trials.,No abstract found
743,brain tumour,39491859,Lifelong exposure to n-3 PUFA deficiency leads to anxiety-like profile in male and female adolescent rats: Impact on spleen-brain axis.,"Low consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) during the developmental period has been increasingly associated with an increased risk of depressive-like symptoms in both male and female sexes. Therefore, here we performed behavioral and biochemical quantifications in adolescent rats to evaluate possible sex-driven differences in the development of anxiety-like disorders related to life-long n-3 PUFA low intake. Male and female adolescent rats fed for their entire life with n-3 PUFA poor diet showed an anxiety-like profile compared to n6/n-3 PUFA balanced diet. However, such deficiency led to reduced cortical serotonin (5-HT) in females, while increased GABA levels were retrieved in males. Conversely, in amygdala, 5-HT and noradrenaline (NA) were increased in n-3 PUFA poor treated rats. In male rats, n-3 PUFA poor diet induced significant increase in systemic kynurenine levels, while the pro-oxidant metabolite 3-Hydroxy kynurenine was higher in both sexes. In addition, considering the recent involvement of spleen-brain axis on mood disorders and neuroimmune communication, we evaluated biomarkers in the spleen. N-3 PUFA deprivation reduced NA content and increased the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 expression in females, while acetylcholine and tumor necrosis factor alpha were higher in males. Taken together, our data indicated that deficiency of n-3 PUFA in diet induced mood disorders in adolescent animals, however this behavioral phenotype is accompanied by a different immune activation in male and female rats."
744,brain tumour,39491792,Lactobacillus fermentum MCC2760 Attenuates Heated Oil-Induced Brain Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via Modulation of NRF2 and NF-kB in Rats.,"Reusing deep-fried oil is a common practice to cut costs, and their consumption may affect brain function. Hence, the study investigates the modulatory potential of Lactobacillus fermentum MCC2760 (LF) on heated oil-induced brain oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation that may have a bearing on cognition in experimental rats."
745,brain tumour,39491747,Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of the RIPK3 inhibitor GSK872 in an MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease.,"Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder triggered by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Recent studies have demonstrated that necroptosis is involved in dopaminergic neuronal cell death and the resulting neuroinflammation. During the process of necroptosis, a necrosome complex is formed consisting of the proteins receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). Although the neuroprotective effects of the RIPK1-specific inhibitor necrostatin-1, as well as RIPK3 and MLKL knockout in mice, have been described, the effects of RIPK3 pharmacological inhibitors have not yet been reported in animal models of PD. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of GSK872, a specific RIPK3 inhibitor, in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD. GSK872 rescued MPTP-induced motor impairment and inhibited tyrosine hydroxylase-positive dopaminergic cell death in the SN and striatum. Additionally, GSK872 inhibited the MPTP-induced increase in the expression of p-RIPK3 and p-MLKL in both the dopaminergic neurons and microglia, as assessed by biochemical and histological analyses. GSK872 further inhibited microglial activation and the expression of inflammatory mediators including NLRP3, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the SN region of MPTP mice. Using in vitro experiments, we validated the effects of GSK872 on necroptosis in SH-SY5Y neuronal and BV2 microglial cells. Overall, our results suggest that GSK872 exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, and may thus have therapeutic potential for PD."
746,brain tumour,39491742,Are we better together? Addressing a combined treatment of pitavastatin and temozolomide for brain cancer.,"Pitavastatin is commonly prescribed to treat hypercholesterolemia through the regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis. Interestingly, it has also demonstrated a great potential for treating brain tumors, although the detailed cytotoxic mechanism, particularly in glioblastoma, remains incompletely understood. This work explores the activity of pitavastatin in 2D and 3D glioblastoma models, in an attempt to provide a more representative and robust overview of its anticancer potential in glioblastoma. The results show that not only is pitavastatin 10-1000 times-fold more effective in reducing tumoral metabolic activity than temozolomide, but also demonstrate a synergistic activity with this alkylating drug. In addition, low micromolar concentrations of this statin strongly impair the growth and the invasion ability of multicellular tumor spheroids. The obtained qRT-PCR and proteomics data highlight the modulation of cell death via apoptosis (BAX/BCL2, CASP9) and autophagy (BECN1, BNIP3, BNIP3L and LC3B), as well as an epithelial to mesenchymal transition blockage (HTRA1, SERPINE1, WNT5A, ALDH3B1 and EPHA2) and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (VCAN, SERPINE1 and TGFBI). Overall, these results lay the foundation for further investigations on the potential combinatory clinical treatment with temozolomide."
747,brain tumour,39491621,Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Choriocarcinoma Brain Metastases: Illustrative Case Presentation and Systematic Review.,Choriocarcinoma (CC) is a rare and aggressive form of germ cell tumor. There is limited evidence describing clinical outcomes in patients with primary CC and brain metastases (BM). Only a few single case reports have documented the use of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for CC BM.
748,brain tumour,39491615,"""Brain Biopsy Revolution: Unveiling the Core Syringe Technique With Clinical Insights"".","Obtaining a definitive pathological diagnosis from brain tissue sampling was challenging due to the small, nonrepresentative sample. This study introduced a novel syringe technique for brain biopsy aimed at enhancing diagnostic accuracy by obtaining core tissue samples that better represent the targeted tissue."
749,brain tumour,39491527,Construction of a Prognostic Model for Mitochondria and Macrophage Polarization Correlation in Glioma Based on Single-Cell and Transcriptome Sequencing.,"Numerous diseases are associated with the interplay of mitochondrial and macrophage polarization. However, the correlation of mitochondria-related genes (MRGs) and macrophage polarization-related genes (MPRGs) with the prognosis of glioma remains unclear. This study aimed to examine this relationship based on bioinformatic analysis."
750,brain tumour,39491410,Patient recruitment into clinical studies of solid malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary cancer center.,To analyze clinical trial activities and patient recruitment numbers into prospective clinical studies for solid malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary cancer center.
751,brain tumour,39490416,Measuring the impact of treatment on memory functions in pediatric posterior fossa tumor survivors using diffusion tensor imaging.,"The aim of the present prospective exploratory study was to investigate the long-term impact of treatment on brain structure integrity and memory functions in pediatric posterior fossa tumor (PFT) survivors using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), to determine whether the latter could provide useful biomarkers of memory impairment."
752,brain tumour,39490234,Impact of chronic stress on intestinal mucosal immunity in colorectal cancer progression.,"Chronic stress is a significant risk factor that contributes to the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) and has garnered considerable attention in recent research. It influences the distribution and function of immune cells within the intestinal mucosa through the ""brain-gut"" axis, altering cytokine and chemokine secretion and creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The intestine, often called the ""second brain,"" is particularly susceptible to the effects of chronic stress. Cytokines and chemokines in intestinal mucosal immunity（IMI） are closely linked to CRC cells' proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance under chronic stress. Recently, antidepressants have emerged as potential therapeutic agents for CRC, possibly by modulating IMI to restore homeostasis and exert anti-tumor effects. This article reviews the role of chronic stress in promoting CRC progression via its impact on intestinal mucosal immunity, explores potential targets within the intestinal mucosa under chronic stress, and proposes new approaches for CRC treatment."
753,brain tumour,39490057,Epidemiology and geographical patterns of common childhood cancers in Iran: Evidence from the National Cancer Registry.,"Cancer is projected to become the primary cause of death in the 21st century. Although childhood cancer is relatively rare, it remains a significant contributor to mortality among children. This study examines the geographical distribution of childhood cancer incidence in Iranian provinces using data from the National Cancer Registry between 2014 and 2018."
754,brain tumour,39489864,Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can differentiate the level of glioma infiltration and correlate it with biological behavior: a study based on local pathology.,The objective of this study is to assess the diagnostic efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in determining the level of glioma infiltration and to investigate its correlation with pathological markers.
755,brain tumour,39489756,Identification of genetic fingerprint of type I interferon therapy in visceral metastases of melanoma.,"Malignant melanoma is a difficult-to-treat skin cancer with increasing incidence worldwide. Although type-I interferon (IFN) is no longer part of guidelines, several melanoma patients are treated with type-I interferon (IFN) at some point of the disease, potentially affecting its genetic progression. We run genome-wide copy number variation (CNV) analysis on previously type-I IFN-treated (n = 17) and control (n = 11) visceral metastases of melanoma patients. Results were completed with data from the TCGA and MM500 databases. We identified metastasis- and brain metastasis-specific gene signatures mostly affected by CN gains. Some cases were genetically resistant to IFN showing characteristic gene alterations (e.g. ABCA4 or ZEB2 gain and alterations of DNA repair genes). Analysis of a previously identified type-I IFN resistance gene set indicates that only a proportion of these genes was exclusive for the IFN-treated metastases reflecting a possible selective genomic pressure of endogenous IFNs during progression. Our data suggest that previous type-I IFN treatment and/or endogenous IFN production by immune response affect genomic progression of melanoma which may have clinical relevance, potentially influence immune checkpoint regulation in the tumor microenvironment."
756,brain tumour,39489560,Neuropathology Entities Involving the Sinonasal Tract.,"Neuropathologic entities uncommonly involve the sinonasal tract via several mechanisms: (1) ectopic tissue remnants or defects during embryologic development (anterior encephalocele, extracranial meningioma, ectopic pituitary adenoma); (2) extension of benign tumors from structures exiting the brain or in the sellar region (pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, schwannoma, meningioma); and (3) invasion from high-grade intracranial tumors (glioblastoma, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of sella, anaplastic meningioma, solitary fibrous tumor). Because these entities are not always restricted to the intracranial space, it is important for surgical pathologists to consider them in the differential diagnoses of unusual sinonasal lesions."
757,brain tumour,39489335,DTI analysis of the peritumoral zone of diffuse low-grade gliomas in progressing patients.,"DLGGs are rare brain tumors transforming to higher grade even with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Their preferential infiltration of WM tracts, beyond tumor boundaries on FLAIR, make difficult to plan focal treatment such as surgery, radiotherapy and monitor response to chemotherapy. DTI might reflect this infiltration of WM tracts. The aim of our study is to assess how DTI signal in the peritumoral zone might be modified before FLAIR tumor progression appears at one-year follow-up."
758,brain tumour,39489334,Visualizing intraoperative transcranial motor-evoked potentials during glioma surgery for predicting postoperative paralysis prognosis.,"The primary goals of glioma surgery are maximal tumor resection and preservation of brain function. Intraoperative motor-evoked potential (MEP) monitoring is commonly used to predict and minimize postoperative paralysis. However, studies on intraoperative MEP trends and postoperative paralysis are scarce. This study aimed to determine the relationship between intraoperative MEP trends and postoperative paralysis."
759,brain tumour,39489332,Infrastructural Barriers to the Neurosurgical Care of Brain Tumors in LMICs: A Systematic Review.,"Appropriate surgical infrastructure is important for improving patient outcomes. However, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) often struggle to provide adequate brain tumor surgery due to fractured infrastructure. This study aims to identify and evaluate the barriers to surgical care infrastructure for brain tumors in LMICs."
760,brain tumour,39489211,Immune checkpoint inhibitors as first-line treatment for brain metastases in stage IV NSCLC patients without driver mutations.,"Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) therapy with or without chemotherapy has been established as the first-line treatment for patients with non-oncogene addicted advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Yet some clinical settings, such as the treatment sequence in patients with brain metastases, have barely been evidenced. Although ICIs cannot directly cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), evidence suggests that BBB damage could allow ICIs into the central nervous system, or that they can have an indirect effect on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and cause an anti-tumor response. Pivotal phase III trials have included a highly selected population but offer few data on these patients. Here we first review how ICIs can indirectly shape the brain metastases microenvironment through different mechanisms, and some possible causes of ICIs resistance. We also analyze the evidence reported in pivotal phase III trials and phase II trials focused on NSCLC brain metastases for first-line treatment, and the evidence for upfront or delayed local brain therapy. Finally, we discuss the best evidence-based approach to treat NSCLC patients with brain metastases and propose future research."
761,brain tumour,39489186,Ablation of NAMPT in dopaminergic neurons leads to neurodegeneration and induces Parkinson's disease in mouse.,"Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the key enzyme in the salvaging synthesize pathway of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The neuroprotective roles of NAMPT on neurodegeneration have been explored in aging brain and Alzheimer's Disease. However, its roles in Parkinson's Disease (PD) remain to be elucidated. We found that the dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra expressed higher levels of NAMPT than the other types of neurons. Using conditional knockout of the Nampt gene in dopaminergic neurons and utilizing a NAMPT inhibitor in the substantia nigra of mice, we found that the NAMPT deficiency triggered the time-dependent loss of dopaminergic neurons, the impairment of the dopamine nigrostriatal pathway, and the development of PD-like motor dysfunction. In the rotenone-induced PD mouse model, nicotinamide ribose (NR), a precursor of NAD, rescued the loss of dopaminergic neurons, the impairment of dopamine nigrostriatal pathway, and mitigated PD-like motor dysfunction. In SH-SY5Y cells, NAD suppression induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial impairment, and cell death, which was reversed by N-acetyl cysteine, an antioxidant and ROS scavenger. Rotenone decreased NAD level, induced the accumulation of ROS and the impairment of mitochondria, which was reversed by NR. In summary, our findings show that the ablation of NAMPT in dopaminergic neurons leads to neurodegeneration and contributes to the development of PD. The NAD precursors have the potential to protect the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, and offering a therapeutic approach for the treatment of PD."
762,brain tumour,39489108,FT-FEDTL: A fine-tuned feature-extracted deep transfer learning model for multi-class microwave-based brain tumor classification.,"The microwave brain imaging (MBI) system is an emerging technology used to detect brain tumors in their early stages. Multi-class microwave-based brain tumor (MBT) identification and classification are crucial due to the tumor's patterns and shape. Manual identification and categorization of the tumors from the images by physicians is a challenging task and consumes more time. Recently, to overcome these issues, the deep transfer learning (DTL) technique has been used to classify brain tumors efficiently. This paper proposes a Fine-tuned Feature Extracted Deep Transfer Learning Model called FT-FEDTL for multi-class MBT classification purposes. The main objective of this work is to suggest a better pathway for brain tumor diagnosis by designing an efficient DTL model that automatically identifies and categorizes the MBT images. The InceptionV3 architecture is utilized as a base for feature extraction in the proposed FT-FEDTL model. Thereafter, a fine-tuning method is applied to the additional five layers with hyperparameters. The fine-tuned layers are attached to the base model to enhance classification performance. The MBT data are collected from two sources and balanced by augmentation techniques to create a total of 4200 balanced datasets. Later, 80 % images are used for training, 20 % images are utilized for validation, and 80 samples of each class are used for testing the FT-FEDTL model for classifying tumors into six classes. We evaluated and compared the FT-FEDTL model with the three traditional non-CNN and seven pretrained models by applying an imbalanced and balanced dataset. The proposed model showed superior classification performance compared to other models for the balanced dataset. It attained an overall accuracy, recall, precision, specificity, and Fscore of 99.65 %, 99.16 %, 99.48 %, 99.10 %, and 99.23 %, respectively. The experimental outcomes ensure that the proposed model can be employed in biomedical applications to assist radiologists for multi-class MBT image classification purposes. The Anaconda distribution platform with Python 3.7 on the Windows 11 OS is used to implement the models."
763,brain tumour,39488993,Enhancing MRI brain tumor classification: A comprehensive approach integrating real-life scenario simulation and augmentation techniques.,"Brain cancer poses a significant global health challenge, with mortality rates showing a concerning surge over recent decades. The incidence of brain cancer-related mortality has risen from 140,000 to 250,000, accompanied by a doubling in new diagnoses from 175,000 to 350,000. In response, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a pivotal diagnostic tool, facilitating early detection and treatment planning. However, the translation of deep learning approaches to brain cancer diagnosis faces a critical obstacle: the scarcity of public clinical datasets reflecting real-world complexities. This study aims to bridge this gap through a comprehensive exploration and augmentation of training data. Initially, a battery of pre-trained deep models undergoes evaluation on a main brain cancer MRI ""BT-MRI"" dataset, yielding remarkable performance metrics, including 100% accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score, substantiated by the Score-CAM methodology. This initial success underscores the potential of deep learning in brain cancer diagnosis. Subsequently, the model's efficacy undergoes further scrutiny using a supplementary brain cancer MRI ""BCD-MRI"" dataset, affirming its robustness and applicability across diverse datasets. However, the ultimate litmus test lies in confronting the model with synthetic testing datasets crafted to emulate real-world scenarios. The synthetic testing datasets, a BCD-MRI testing sub-dataset enriched with noise, blur, and simulated patient motion, reveal a sobering reality: the model's performance plummets, exposing inherent limitations in generalization. To address this issue, a diverse set of optimization strategies and augmentation techniques, ranging from diverse optimizers to sophisticated data augmentation methods, are exhaustively explored. Despite these efforts, the problem of generalization persists. The breakthrough emerges with the integration of noise and blur as augmentation techniques during the training process. Leveraging Gaussian noise and Gaussian blur kernels, the model undergoes a transformative evolution, exhibiting newfound robustness and resilience. Retesting the refined model against the challenging synthetic datasets reveals a remarkable transformation, with performance metrics witnessing a notable ascent. This achievement underscores the important role of correct selection of data augmentation in fortifying the generalization of deep learning models for brain cancer diagnosis. This study not only advances the frontiers of diagnostic precision in brain cancer but also underscores the paramount importance of methodological rigor and innovation in confronting the complexities of real-world clinical scenarios."
764,brain tumour,39487854,Differential T cell accumulation within intracranial and subcutaneous melanomas is associated with differences in intratumoral myeloid cells.,"Patients with metastatic brain melanomas (MBM) experience shorter-lasting survival than patients with extracranial metastases, and this is associated with a higher fraction of dysfunctional CD8 T cells. The goal of this study was to understand the underlying cause of T cell dysfunction in MBM. To accomplish this, we compared murine B16 melanomas implanted intracranially (IC) or subcutaneously (SC). CD8 T cell activation was not altered, but representation in IC tumors was lower. Transferred activated or naïve CD8 T cells accumulated in similar numbers in both tumors, suggesting that the vasculature does not differentially impair T cell presence. Surprisingly, we found no evidence for T cell activation in draining lymph nodes of SC or IC tumor-bearing mice, consistent with the fact that dendritic cells (DC) that had acquired tumor antigen showed an immature phenotype. Instead, T cell activation occurred within both tumors, where the majority of tumor antigen"
765,brain tumour,39487468,miR-3154 promotes glioblastoma proliferation and metastasis via targeting TP53INP1.,"Glioblastomas (GBM) are most common types of primary brain tumors and miRNAs play an important role in pathogenesis of glioblastomas. Here, we reported a new miRNA, miR-3154, which regulates glioblastoma proliferation and metastasis. miR-3154 was elevated in glioblastoma tissue and cell lines, and its elevation was associated with grade of glioblastomas. Knockdown of miR-3154 in cell lines weakened ability of proliferation and colony formation, and caused cell cycle arrested and higher percentage of apoptosis. Knockdown of miR-3154 also impaired ability of migration and invasion in glioblastoma cells. In mechanism, miR-3154 bound directly to Tumor Protein P53 Inducible Nuclear Protein 1 (TP53INP1), down-regulating TP53INP1 expression at both mRNA and protein level. Silence of TP53INP1 reversed the effect of miR-3154 knockdown on proliferation and metastasis of glioblastoma cells. These findings show that miR-3154 promotes glioblastoma proliferation and metastasis via targeting TP53INP1."
766,brain tumour,39487466,Multi-parameter MRI radiomics model in predicting postoperative progressive cerebral edema and hemorrhage after resection of meningioma.,"Postoperative progressive cerebral edema and hemorrhage (PPCEH) are major complications after meningioma resection, yet their preoperative predictive studies are limited. The aim is to develop and validate a multiparametric MRI machine learning model to predict PPCEH after meningioma resection."
767,brain tumour,39487455,Blood-brain barrier permeability increases with the differentiation of glioblastoma cells in vitro.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive tumor, difficult to treat pharmacologically because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is rich in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and tight junction (TJ) proteins. The BBB is disrupted within GBM bulk, but it is competent in brain-adjacent-to-tumor areas, where eventual GBM foci can trigger tumor relapse. How GBM cells influence the permeability of BBB is poorly investigated."
768,brain tumour,39487262,Prognostic nomogram model based on quantitative metrics of subregions surrounding residual cavity in glioblastoma patients.,"The hyperintensity area surrounding the residual cavity on postoperative fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) image is a potential site for glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence. This study aimed to develop a nomogram using quantitative metrics from subregions of this area, prior to chemoradiotherapy (CRT), to predict early GBM recurrence."
769,brain tumour,39485747,The significance of miR-124 in the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma: A systematic review.,"Glioma is a type of cancer that affects the central nervous system and necessitates a non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic assessment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in glioma and can provide valuable information about the prognosis of patients with this condition. MiR-124 is associated with molecules that play crucial roles in cellular processes, and any disruption in its expression can have a detrimental effect on cells, potentially leading to cancer. Therefore, miR-124 can be a valuable biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in glioma. This review aims to highlight the role of miR-124 as a diagnostic and prognostic factor in glioma. To address this issue, we systemically reviewed and used various search strategies across three databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus) and then yielded 3046 records from inception to September 2023. Records that did not meet our inclusion criteria were excluded. Following the screening process, our analysis included and summarized 13 eligible studies that not only measured miR-124 in serum, plasma, and tissue of glioma patients but also provided insights intomiR-124 as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker. Thirteen studies were included for diagnostic accuracy, and five were considered for prognostic importance of miR-124. Based on our results, a single study showed an increase in miR-124 levels in exosomes obtained from patient serum, whereas the data from the 12 studies analyzed consistently pointed towards a reduction in miR-124 levels in various glioma samples. In conclusion, our findings suggest that miR-124 may be a useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in glioma. However, further investigations are required to draw more definitive conclusions."
770,brain tumour,39484476,Transcriptomic landscape identifies two unrecognized ependymoma subtypes and novel pathways in medulloblastoma.,"Medulloblastoma and ependymoma are prevalent pediatric central nervous system tumors with significant molecular and clinical heterogeneity. We collected bulk RNA sequencing data from 888 medulloblastoma and 370 ependymoma tumors to establish a comprehensive reference landscape. Following rigorous batch effect correction, normalization, and dimensionality reduction, we constructed a unified landscape to explore gene expression, signaling pathways, gene fusions, and copy number variations. Our analysis revealed distinct clustering patterns, including two primary ependymoma compartments, EPN-E1 and EPN-E2, each with specific gene fusions and molecular signatures. In medulloblastoma, we achieved precise stratification of Group 3/4 tumors by subtype and in SHH tumors by patient age. Our landscape serves as a vital resource for identifying biomarkers, refining diagnoses, and enables the mapping of new patients' bulk RNA-seq data onto the reference framework to facilitate accurate disease subtype identification. The landscape is accessible via Oncoscape, an interactive platform, empowering global exploration and application."
771,brain tumour,39484434,Modeling Glioma Intratumoral Heterogeneity with Primary Human Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a deadly form of glioma notable for its significant intratumoral heterogeneity, which is believed to drive therapy resistance. GBM has been observed to mimic a neural stem cell hierarchy reminiscent of normal brain development. However, it is still unclear how cell-of-origin shapes intratumoral heterogeneity. Here, we develop a model of glioma initiation using neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) purified from fetal human brain tissue. We previously described a method to prospectively isolate and culture tripotent neural stem cells (NSCs), bipotent glial progenitor cells (GPCs), and unipotent oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). We transduced these isogenic lines with dominant-negative TP53"
772,brain tumour,39484430,ACSS2 regulates ferroptosis in an E2F1-dependent manner in breast cancer brain metastatic cells.,"Brain metastasis diagnosis in breast cancer patients is considered an end-stage event. The median survival after diagnosis is measured in months, thus there is an urgent need to develop novel treatment strategies. Breast cancers that metastasize to the brain must adapt to the unique brain environment and are highly dependent on acetate metabolism for growth and survival. However, the signaling pathways that regulate survival in breast cancer brain metastatic (BCBM) tumors are not known. Primary brain tumor cells can convert acetate to acetyl-CoA via phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) by the cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK5) regulated by the nutrient sensor O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). Here, we show that breast cancer cells selected to metastasize to the brain contain increased levels of O-GlcNAc, OGT and ACSS2-Ser267 phosphorylation compared to parental breast cancer cells. Moreover, OGT and CDK5 are required for breast cancer cell growth in the brain parenchyma "
773,brain tumour,39484304,Exploring Neuroprotection against Radiation-Induced Brain Injury: A Review of Key Compounds.,"Brain radiation is a crucial tool in neuro-oncology for enhancing local tumor control, but it can lead to mild-to-profound and progressive impairments in cognitive function. Radiation-induced brain injury is a significant adverse effect of radiotherapy for cranioencephalic tumors, primarily caused by indirect cellular damage through the formation of free radicals. This results in late neurotoxicity manifesting as cognitive impairment due to free radical production. The aim of this review is to highlight the role of different substances, such as drugs used in the clinical setting and antioxidants such as ascorbate, in reducing the neurotoxicity associated with radiation-induced brain injury. Currently, there is mainly preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the benefit of these interventions, representing a cost-effective and straightforward neuroprotective strategy."
774,brain tumour,39483982,TSH enhances neurite outgrowth.,"Extra-thyroidal effects of TSH have been reported in various tissues expressing the TSH receptor (TSHR) including several areas of the brain. However, the influence of TSH on neuronal phenotypes has not been examined. Using a well-characterized human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y), we have examined TSH signaling effects on the phenotype of these cells after their neuronal differentiation. Following an 18-day differentiation protocol, we successfully redifferentiated the SH-SY5Y cells into ~100% neuronal cells as indicated by the development of extensive neurofilaments with SMI-31 expression. Furthermore, using absolute digital PCR, we quantified TSHR mRNA, and also TSHR protein expression, in the redifferentiated cells and found that the neuronal cells expressed high quantities of both TSHR message and protein at baseline. Exposure to TSH induced primary, secondary, and tertiary neurite outgrowths, which are essential for cell-cell communication. Quantitative analysis of neurites using ImageJ showed a dose-dependent increase in neurites. The addition of TSH up to 1 mU/ml resulted in a ~2.5-fold increase in primary, and ~1.5-fold in secondary and tertiary neurites. The lengths of the neurites remained unaffected with the dosage of TSH treatment. Furthermore, TSHR signaling in the differentiated cells resulted in enhanced generation of cAMP, pPI3K, pAKT, and pNFkB pathways and suppression of pMAPK suggesting an influence of these signals in driving neurite outgrowth. These data showed that the TSH/TSHR axis in neurons may contribute to enhanced neurite outgrowth. The potential pathophysiological effects of TSH on the induction of neurite outgrowth and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases remain to be explored."
775,brain tumour,39483976,Characterization of GABAergic marker expression in prefrontal cortex in dexamethasone induced depression/anxiety model.,"The pivotal responsibility of GABAergic interneurons is inhibitory neurotransmission; in this way, their significance lies in regulating the maintenance of excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance in cortical circuits. An abundance of glucocorticoids (GCs) exposure results in a disorder of GABAergic interneurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC); the relationship between this status and an enhanced vulnerability to neuropsychiatric ailments, like depression and anxiety, has been identified, but this connection is still poorly understood because systematic and comprehensive research is lacking. Here, we aim to investigate the impact of dexamethasone (DEX, a GC receptor agonist) on GABAergic interneurons in the PFC of eight-week-old adult male mice."
776,brain tumour,39483716,Deep near infrared light-excited stable synergistic photodynamic and photothermal therapies based on P-IR890 nano-photosensitizer constructed ,"The cyanine dyes represented by IR780 can achieve synergistic photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) under the stimulation of near-infrared (NIR) light (commonly 808 nm). Unfortunately, the stability of NIR-excited cyanine dyes is not satisfactory. These cyanine dyes can be attacked by self-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) during PDT processes, resulting in structural damage and rapid degradation, which is fatal for phototherapy. To address this issue, a novel non-cyanine dye (IR890) was elaborately designed and synthesized by our team. The maximum absorption wavelength of IR890 was located in the deep NIR region ("
777,brain tumour,39483593,A Rare Case of Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Metastasizing to the Brain: A Case Report.,"Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) encompass a diverse spectrum of neoplasms that can originate from various sites, including the gastrointestinal tract. Brain metastases from neuroendocrine tumors, while rare, present significant clinical challenges. In this case report, we present the unique instance of a 50-year-old female with a history of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumor who manifested left-sided weakness, tremors, and recurrent focal convulsions. Initial imaging scans revealed a lesion in the right parietal lobe, which was surgically excised and diagnosed as a metastatic large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Post-surgery, the patient's condition stabilized, but she was subsequently advised to chemotherapy. This case underscores the infrequency of brain metastases in the context of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors, underscoring the need for comprehensive screening in such scenarios. Given the aggressive nature of neuroendocrine carcinomas and their propensity to disseminate to the brain, early detection and intervention are crucial. Our rare case also underscores the importance of distinguishing high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, which necessitate intensive management, from less aggressive NETs and other metastatic neoplasms that have different treatment approaches."
778,brain tumour,39483281,A Practical Guide to Manual and Semi-Automated Neurosurgical Brain Lesion Segmentation.,"The purpose of the article is to provide a practical guide for manual and semi-automated image segmentation of common neurosurgical cranial lesions, namely meningioma, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), for neurosurgical trainees and researchers."
779,brain tumour,39483191,Proinflammatory factors inhibition and fish oil treatment: A promising therapy for neonatal seizures.,"Brain injury is one of the most important causes of infant mortality and chronic neurological disabilities. Hypoxia is an acute brain injury which led to various cognitive, behavioral, and memory disorders throughout life. Previous studies reported neuroprotective possibilities for fish oil (FO) in brain-injured situations. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the FO diet during the lactation period on seizure activity, behavioral performance, histomorphometry, and inflammatory changes in the brains of hypoxia rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided in to 4 groups: Sham (intact rats), hypoxia, FO and FO+hypoxia groups. Hypoxia was induced by keeping neonate rats at PND12 in a hypoxic chamber (7 % oxygen and 93 % nitrogen intensity) for 15 minutes. In the FO groups, rats received oral FO (1 ml/day) for 12 days during the lactation period. Seizure activity was assessed by measuring the number of tonic-clonic seizures and seizure thresholds. Novel object recognition tests (NORT), rotarod, and open field tests were used to measure behavioral performances. A Histological study was performed to evaluate histomorphometric changes in the hippocampus and cerebellum. The gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was measured using RT-PCR"
780,brain tumour,39483145,Conversion of glioma cells into neuron-like cells by small molecules.,"Currently, researchers are exploring the conversion of astrocytes into functional mature neurons and gradually exploring the conversion of glioma into neurons. We report that SLCDS (SB431542, LDN193189, CHIR99021, DAPT, and SKL2001) has been shown to convert human glioma cells into mature neuron-like cells. The converted cells exhibited upregulation of DCX, TuJ1, MAP2, NeuN, and GAD67, while the expressions of EGFR, PDGFR, Ki67, and vimentin were inhibited. The nTFs, such as NeuroD1 and Sox2, were upregulated, along with TF genes associated with neurogenesis and tumor suppression. We have finally confirmed that overexpressing nTFs can induce the conversion of glioma cells into neuronal cells. This study demonstrates that SLCDS can activate the expression of nTFs in human glioma cells and induce the conversion of human glioma cells into neuron-like cells. Additionally, SLCDS inhibits the expressions of EGFR, PDGFR, Ki67, and Vimentin in gliomas. Our findings offer a potential approach for treating glioma."
781,brain tumour,39482783,Circular RNA landscape in extracellular vesicles from human biofluids.,"Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as a prominent class of covalently closed single-stranded RNA molecules that exhibit tissue-specific expression and potential as biomarkers in extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from liquid biopsies. Still, their characteristics and applications in EVs remain to be unveiled."
782,brain tumour,39482651,Folate-engineered chitosan nanoparticles: next-generation anticancer nanocarriers.,"Chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) are well-recognized as promising vehicles for delivering anticancer drugs due to their distinctive characteristics. They have the potential to enclose hydrophobic anticancer molecules, thereby enhancing their solubilities, permeabilities, and bioavailabilities; without the use of surfactant, i.e., through surfactant-free solubilization. This allows for higher drug concentrations at the tumor sites, prevents excessive toxicity imparted by surfactants, and could circumvent drug resistance. Moreover, biomedical engineers and formulation scientists can also fabricate chitosan NPs to slowly release anticancer agents. This keeps the drugs at the tumor site longer, makes therapy more effective, and lowers the frequency of dosing. Notably, some types of cancer cells (fallopian tube, epithelial tumors of the ovary, and primary peritoneum; lung, kidney, ependymal brain, uterus, breast, colon, and malignant pleural mesothelioma) have overexpression of folate receptors (FRs) on their outer surface, which lets folate-drug conjugate-incorporated NPs to target and kill them more effectively. Strikingly, there is evidence suggesting that the excessively produced FR&αgr (isoforms of the FR) stays consistent throughout treatment in ovarian and endometrial cancer, indicating resistance to conventional treatment; and in this regard, folate-anchored chitosan NPs can overcome it and improve the therapeutic outcomes. Interestingly, overly expressed FRs are present only in certain tumor types, which makes them a promising biomarker for predicting the effectiveness of FR-targeted therapy. On the other hand, the folate-modified chitosan NPs can also enhance the oral absorption of medicines, especially anticancer drugs, and pave the way for effective and long-term low-dose oral metronomic scheduling of poorly soluble and permeable drugs. In this review, we talked briefly about the techniques used to create, characterize, and tailor chitosan-based NPs; and delved deeper into the potential applications of folate-engineered chitosan NPs in treating various cancer types."
783,brain tumour,39482642,"Patient iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells display aberrant cell cycle control, p53, and DNA damage response protein expression in schizophrenia.","Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder associated with alterations in early brain development. Details of underlying pathomechanisms remain unclear, despite genome and transcriptome studies providing evidence for aberrant cellular phenotypes and pathway deregulation in developing neuronal cells. However, mechanistic insight at the protein level is limited."
784,brain tumour,39482635,The effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors vs. chemotherapy combined with brain radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases.,"Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a prevalent form of cancer, often leading to brain metastases (BM) and a significant decline in patient prognosis. Whether immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with brain radiotherapy is superior to conventional chemotherapy combined with brain radiotherapy in those patients remains to be explored."
785,brain tumour,39482553,Frame-based stereotactic biopsies of brainstem lesions - Monocentric comparison of the transfrontal and the suboccipital-transcerebellar approach over a 16-year period.,"Both the transfrontal and the suboccipital-transcerebellar approach are frequently used trajectories for frame-based stereotactic biopsies of brainstem lesions. Nevertheless, it remains unclear which approach is more favorable in terms of complications, diagnostic success and outcome, especially considering the location of the lesion within the brainstem. This study compared the safety and diagnostic yield of these two approaches. Furthermore, a brainstem zone model was created to answer the question, whether there is a favorable approach depending on the location of the lesion in the brainstem. A retrospective analysis of 84 consecutive cases of frame-based stereotactic biopsies for brainstem lesions via either transfrontal or suboccipital-transcerebellar approaches over a 16-year period was performed. Clinical and surgical data regarding trajectories, histopathology, complications and outcome was collected. The brainstem was divided in anatomical zones to compare the use of the two approaches depending on the location of the lesions. A total of n = 84 cases of stereotactic biopsies for brainstem lesions were performed. In 36 cases the suboccipital-transcerebellar approach was used, while in 48 cases surgery was performed via the transfrontal approach. The patient's demographic data were comparable between the two approaches. Overall diagnostic yield was 90.5% (93.8% transfrontal vs. 86.1% suboccipital, p = 0.21, Risk Difference (RD) 0.077, CI [-0.0550, 0.2090]). Complications occurred in 11 cases (total complication rate: 13.1%; 12.5% transfrontal vs. 13.9% suboccipital, p = 0.55, RD 0.014, CI [-0.1607, 0.1327]). The brainstem model showed a more frequent use of the suboccipital approach in lesions of the dorsal pons. The transfrontal approach was used more frequently in mesencephalic targets. No significant differences in terms of complications and diagnostic yield were observed, even though complications in medullary lesions appeared higher using the transfrontal approach. This study showed, that if the approaches are used for their intended target locations there are no significant differences between the transfrontal and the suboccipital-transcerebellar approach for frame-based stereotactic biopsies of brainstem lesions in terms of diagnostic yield and safety. Therefore, our data suggests that both approaches should be considered for stereotactic biopsy of brainstem lesions."
786,brain tumour,39482401,High expression of LncRNA HOTAIR is a risk factor for temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma via activation of the miR-214/β-catenin/MGMT pathway.,"HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) is upregulated in glioblastoma (GBM) and associated with temozolomide (TMZ) resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying HOTAIR-mediated TMZ resistance remains poorly understood. HOTAIR expression in glioma-related public datasets and drug response estimation were analyzed using bioinformatics. These findings were verified by overexpressing HOTAIR in TMZ-sensitive U251 cells and/or silencing HOTAIR in resistant U251 cells (U251R). The cytotoxic effects were evaluated using cell viability assay and flow cytometry analysis of cell cycle and apoptosis. In this study, we found that HOTAIR was upregulated in TMZ-resistant GBM cell lines and patients with high HOTAIR expression responded poorly to TMZ therapy. HOTAIR knockdown restored TMZ sensitivity in U251R cells, while HOTAIR overexpression conferred TMZ resistance in U251 cells. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was enriched in patients with high HOTAIR expression; consistently, HOTAIR positively regulated β-catenin expression in U251 cells. Moreover, HOTAIR-mediated TMZ resistance was associated with increased MGMT protein level, which resulted from the HOTAIR/miR-214-3p/β-catenin network. Besides, GBM with high HOTAIR expression exhibited sensitivity to methotrexate. Methotrexate enhanced TMZ sensitivity in U251R cells, accompanied by reduced expression of HOTAIR and β-catenin. Thus, we conlcude that HOTAIR is a risk factor for TMZ resistance and methotrexate may represent a potential therapeutic drug for patients with high HOTAIR expression level."
787,brain tumour,39488791,A Turbo-Charging System-Like Contrast Agent for MRI-Guided STING Pathway-Activated Cancer Immunotherapy.,"To overcome the problems of Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs) (nephrotoxicity and brain deposition) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists (poor stability, low delivery efficiency, and potential toxicity), in this study, a Turbo-charging system-like GBCA is designed and constructed for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided STING pathway-activated cancer immunotherapy. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) is used to coordinate with Gd"
788,brain tumour,39488647,Mechanism and significance of diffusion restriction followed by calcification in high-grade glioma treated with bevacizumab.,"In this study, we focused on calcification and diffusion restriction, which sometimes appear around the resection cavity or periventricular white matter in patients with high-grade glioma (HGG) treated with bevacizumab (BVZ), as candidate imaging biomarkers for BVZ treatment efficacy. We investigated the timing of the appearance of diffusion restriction and calcification using magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in 35 patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent HGG treated with BVZ. In 17 (48.6%) patients, calcification was identified around the resection cavity or periventricular white matter at a median of 12 months after the initiation of BVZ treatment. Patients with calcification had significantly longer progression-free survival (16 vs. 7 months; p = 0.0023) and overall survival (36 vs. 12 months; p = 0.0006) than those without calcification. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of scattered microcalcifications within areas of necrosis, which suggested dystrophic calcification induced by BVZ. Diffusion-restricted lesions that appeared in patients with calcification had significantly lower apparent diffusion coefficients than those in patients without calcifications, indicating the presence of treatment-related necrosis but not hypercellularity. In conclusion, the radiological finding of diffusion restriction followed by calcification could be a potential imaging biomarker for favorable clinical course in patients with HGG treated with BVZ."
789,brain tumour,39488622,Mechanism of CXCL8 regulation of methionine metabolism to promote angiogenesis in gliomas.,"Gliomas are the most common malignant brain tumors characterized by angiogenesis and invasive growth. A detailed understanding of its molecular characteristics could provide potential therapeutic targets. In the present study, we sought to explore the key gene CXCL8 in methionine metabolism in gliomas and its potential role in angiogenesis."
790,brain tumour,39488549,"Benefit of systemic therapy in MINDACT patients with small, ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancers.","Small, hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative (HER2-), lymph node-negative breast cancers are associated with relatively low rates of disease recurrence and have therefore been underrepresented in clinical trials assessing the effects of systemic therapy. Consequently, it remains uncertain if this patient population derives benefit from these treatments. For this exploratory analysis, we selected MINDACT (NCT00433589) patients with a HR+, HER2-, T1ab (≤1 cm) tumor and negative lymph nodes. Patients with discordant clinical risk and MammaPrint genomic risk classification were randmomized to receive chemotherapy based on either the clinical or the genomic risk assessment. Endocrine therapy treatment was based on local guidelines. 715/6693 (10.7%) MINDACT patients had HR+, HER2-, T1abN0 breast cancer and were included in this analysis. All were clinically low-risk, 124/715 (17.3%) were genomic high-risk. For genomic high-risk tumors, 8-year distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) was 92.9% (95% CI 86.2-96.4%) compared to 95.0% (95% CI 92.8-96.6%) for genomic low-risk tumors. For genomic high-risk tumors treated with or without chemotherapy, 8-year DMFS was 89.2% (95% CI 73.6-95.8%) and 94.1% (95% CI 82.9-98.1%), respectively. For genomic low-risk tumors, the 8-year DMFS and disease-free survival (DFS) were 96.1% (95% CI 93.4-97.6%) and 89.3% (95% CI 85.5-92.2%) when treated with endocrine therapy and 92.9% (95% CI 87.9-95.9%) and 79.4% (95% CI 72.5-84.8%) without. In conclusion, although the number of randomized patients is small, patients with small, genomic high-risk breast cancer did not seem to derive benefit from chemotherapy. Endocrine therapy was associated with improved outcomes even in genomic low-risk breast cancers."
791,brain tumour,39488129,"Selection criteria for circular collimator- vs. Multileaf collimator-based plans in robotic stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases and benign intracranial disease: Impact of target size, shape complexity, and proximity to at-risk organs.",This study aimed to determine the selection criteria for circular collimator (CC)- and multileaf collimator (MLC)-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)/stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) plans for brain metastases (BM) and benign intracranial disease (BID) in terms of geometric parameters using CyberKnife (CK).
792,brain tumour,39488096,Genetic association between epilepsy and gliomas: Insights from Mendelian randomization and single-cell transcriptomic analyses.,"Seizures are prevalent in glioma patients, especially in those with low-grade gliomas. The interaction between gliomas and epilepsy involves complex biological mechanisms that are not fully understood."
793,brain tumour,39488043,The CrowdGleason dataset: Learning the Gleason grade from crowds and experts.,"Currently, prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis relies on the human analysis of prostate biopsy Whole Slide Images (WSIs) using the Gleason score. Since this process is error-prone and time-consuming, recent advances in machine learning have promoted the use of automated systems to assist pathologists. Unfortunately, labeled datasets for training and validation are scarce due to the need for expert pathologists to provide ground-truth labels."
794,brain tumour,39488022,Lipid nanoparticles as nano-Trojan-horses for siRNA delivery and gene-knockdown.,"The therapeutic messenger RNA strategies, such as those using small interfering RNAs, take several advantages (versatility, efficiency and selectivity) over plasmid DNA-based strategies. However, the challenge remains to find nanovectors capable of properly loading the genetic material, transporting it through troublesome environments, like a tumoral site, and delivering it into the cytoplasm of target cells. Here, lipid nanoparticles, consisting of a gemini cationic/neutral helper lipid mixture, are proposed as siRNA nanovector. Cells from cervical and brain cancer overexpressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) were chosen to analyse the biological response as well as the efficiency and safety of the siRNA-loaded nanovector according to the cell phenotype. Flow cytometry and epifluorescence or confocal microscopy were used to follow the gene knockdown in these overexpressed cells. The effect of the nanovector on cellular proliferation was evaluated with cytotoxicity assays while their potential oxidative stress generation was determined by quantifying the generation of reactive oxygen species. To explore the mechanism of cellular uptake, different inhibitors of endocytic pathways were used during incubation with cells. Finally, nanovectors were incubated in 3D-grown cells (spheroids) to see whether they can penetrate the complex tumoral microenvironments, their efficiency to knockdown GFP expression being monitored by confocal microscopy."
795,brain tumour,39487852,Role of cholesterol in modulating brain hyperexcitability.,"Cholesterol is a critical molecule in the central nervous system, and imbalances in the synthesis and metabolism of brain cholesterol can result in a range of pathologies, including those related to hyperexcitability. The impact of cholesterol on disorders of epilepsy and developmental and epileptic encephalopathies is an area of growing interest. Cholesterol cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, and thus the brain synthesizes and metabolizes its own pool of cholesterol. The primary metabolic enzyme for brain cholesterol is cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CH24H), which metabolizes cholesterol into 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24HC). Dysregulation of CH24H and 24HC can affect neuronal excitability through a range of mechanisms. 24HC is a positive allosteric modulator of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and can increase glutamate release via tumor necrosis factor-α-dependent pathways. Increasing cholesterol metabolism can lead to dysfunction of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 and impair glutamate reuptake. Finally, overstimulation of NMDA receptors can further activate metabolism of cholesterol, leading to a vicious cycle of overactivation. All of these mechanisms increase extracellular glutamate and can lead to hyperexcitability. For these reasons, the cholesterol pathway represents a new potential mechanistic target for antiseizure medications. CH24H inhibition has been shown to decrease seizure behavior and improve survival in multiple animal models of epilepsy and could be a promising new mechanism of action for the treatment of neuronal hyperexcitability and developmental and epileptic encephalopathies."
796,brain tumour,39481070,Diagnosis of Incident Cancer After Cryptogenic Stroke: An Exploratory Analysis of the ARCADIA Randomized Trial.,"The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence, timing, and type of new cancer diagnosis among patients with cryptogenic stroke."
797,brain tumour,39480787,Ononin delays the development of osteoarthritis by down-regulating MAPK and NF-κB pathways in rat models.,"Osteoarthritis (OA) is featured as cartilage loss, joint pain and loss of labor, which the inflammatory reaction may play critical roles. Ononin is an isoflavone isolating from medicinal plants and has anti-inflammatory effects. Our study investigated the anti-inflammation response of ononin on OA."
798,brain tumour,39480723,LF-SynthSeg: Label-Free Brain Tissue-Assisted Tumor Synthesis and Segmentation.,"Unsupervised brain tumor segmentation is pivotal in realms of disease diagnosis, surgical planning, and treatment response monitoring, with the distinct advantage of obviating the need for labeled data. Traditional methodologies in this domain, however, often fall short in fully capitalizing on the extensive prior knowledge of brain tissue, typically approaching the task merely as an anomaly detection challenge. In our research, we present an innovative strategy that effectively integrates brain tissues' prior knowledge into both the synthesis and segmentation of brain tumor from T2-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans. Central to our method is the tumor synthesis mechanism, employing randomly generated ellipsoids in conjunction with the intensity profiles of brain tissues. This methodology not only fosters a significant degree of variation in the tumor presentations within the synthesized images but also facilitates the creation of an essentially unlimited pool of abnormal T2-weighted images. These synthetic images closely replicate the characteristics of real tumor-bearing scans. Our training protocol extends beyond mere tumor segmentation; it also encompasses the segmentation of brain tissues, thereby directing the networkâs attention to the boundary relationship between brain tumor and brain tissue, thus improving the robustness of our method. We evaluate our approach across five widely recognized public datasets (BRATS 2019, BRATS 2020, BRATS 2021, PED and SSA), and the results show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art unsupervised tumor segmentation methods by large margins. Moreover, the proposed method achieves more than 92 % of the fully supervised performance on the same testing datasets."
799,brain tumour,39480526,Advancements in nanotheranostics for glioma therapy.,"Gliomas are brain tumors mainly derived from glial cells that are difficult to treat and cause high mortality. Radiation, chemotherapy, and surgical excision are the conventional treatments for gliomas. Patients who have surgery or have undergone chemotherapy for glioma treatment have poor prognosis with tumor recurrence. In particular, for glioblastoma, the 5-year average survival rate is 4-7%, and the median survival is 12-18 months. A number of issues hinder effective treatment such as, poor surgical resection, tumor heterogeneity, insufficient drug penetration across the blood-brain barrier, multidrug resistance, and difficulties with drug specificity. Nanotheranostic-mediated drug delivery is becoming a well-researched consideration, and an efficient non-invasive method for delivering chemotherapeutic drugs to the target area. Theranostic nanomedicines, which incorporate therapeutic drugs and imaging agents for personalized therapies, can be used for preventing overdose of non-responders. Through the identification of massive and complicated information from next-generation sequencing, machine learning enables for precise prediction of therapeutic outcomes and post-treatment management for patients with cancer. This article gives a thorough overview of nanocarrier-mediated drug delivery with a brief introduction to drug delivery challenges. In addition, this assessment offers a current summary of preclinical and clinical research on nanomedicines for gliomas. In the future, nanotheranostics will provide personalized treatment for gliomas and other treatable cancers."
800,brain tumour,39487739,B2R-D2R Interaction in Prolactinomas and Nonfunctional Adenomas: Impact on Dopamine Resistance.,"Prolactinomas, the most common pituitary-secreting adenomas, can be effectively treated with dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) agonists. However, a subset of them (∼20%) are resistant to dopamine-based therapies and require extirpation. The molecular mechanisms underlying their escape from dopaminergic regulation are not fully elucidated and may include alterations in D2R signaling. D2R can heteromerize with other G protein-coupled receptors, resulting in modulation of dopaminergic signaling. Because the bradykinin receptor type 2 (B2R) is overexpressed in prolactinomas, we interrogated whether this dopaminergic dysregulation observed in some prolactinomas may depend on a physical and functional interaction between D2R and B2R. The formation of B2R-D2R complexes in cultured cells transiently expressing both receptors was validated using NanoBiT technology. Interestingly, although D2R stimulation did not alter B2R-induced intracellular calcium mobilization, B2R stimulation abolished D2R signaling through modulation of cAMP. The existence of B2R-D2R complexes in pituitary adenomas biopsies was evaluated using an ALPHALisa approach. Importantly, B2R-D2R complexes were detected in human prolactinomas and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas, but not in mixed (prolactin + growth hormone)-secreting adenomas. These results suggest that overexpression of B2R in resistant prolactinomas may promote the formation of B2R-D2R complexes, with B2R precluding D2R signaling, thus generating resistance to D2R agonists."
801,brain tumour,39487431,Efficient brain tumor grade classification using ensemble deep learning models.,"Detecting brain tumors early on is critical for effective treatment and life-saving efforts. The analysis of the brain with MRI scans is fundamental to the diagnosis because it contains detailed structural views of the brain, which is vital in identifying any of its abnormalities. The other option of performing an invasive biopsy is very painful and uncomfortable, which is not the case with MRI as it is free from surgically invasive margins and pieces of equipment. This helps patients to feel more at ease and hasten the diagnostic procedure, allowing physicians to formulate and practice action plans quicker. It is very difficult to locate a human brain tumor by manual because MRI scans produce large numbers of three-dimensional images. Complete applicability of pre-written computerized diagnostics, affords high possibilities in providing areas of interest earlier through the application of machine learning techniques and algorithms. The proposed work in the present study was to develop a deep learning model which will classify brain tumor grade images (BTGC), and hence enhance accuracy in diagnosing patients with different grades of brain tumors using MRI. A MobileNetV2 model, was used to extract the features from the images. This model increases the efficiency and generalizability of the model further. In this study, six standard Kaggle brain tumor MRI datasets were used to train and validate the developed and tested model of a brain tumor detection and classification algorithm into several types. This work consists of two key components: (i) brain tumor detection and (ii) classification of the tumor. The tumor classifications are conducted in both three classes (Meningioma, Pituitary, and glioma) and two classes (malignant, benign). The model has been reported to detect brain tumors with 99.85% accuracy, to distinguish benign and malignant tumors with 99.87% accuracy, and to type meningioma, pituitary, and glioma tumors with 99.38% accuracy. The results of this study indicate that the described technique is useful in the detection and classification of brain tumors."
802,brain tumour,39487320,Reduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in milk of women receiving anti-TNF antibody.,"Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) are expressed in milk. Experimental data indicate enhanced brain growth and cognitive development in the mouse offspring given milk deficient in TNF and TNF-dependent chemokines. Although monoclonal antibodies against TNF (TNFmAb) are used during breastfeeding due to minimal milk excretion, whether it affects endogenous TNF levels in human milk is unclear."
803,brain tumour,39486657,The IP,"Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. >90 % of cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis, a process that depends on the ability of cancer cells to leave the primary tumor, migrate, and colonize different tissues. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP"
804,brain tumour,39486495,Reconstruction of intra- and extra-neurite conductivity tensors via conductivity at Larmor frequency and DWI data patterns.,"The developed magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography (MREPT) techniques visualize the internal conductivity distribution at Larmor frequency by measuring the B1 transceive phase data. In biological tissues, electrical conductivity is influenced by ion concentrations and mobility. To visualize the anisotropic conductivity tensor of biological tissues, we use the Einstein-Smoluchowski equation, which links the diffusion coefficient to particle mobility. By assuming a correlation between ion mobility and water diffusivity, we aim to decompose the internal isotropic conductivity at Larmor frequency into anisotropic conductivity tensors within the intra- and extra-neurite compartments. The multi-compartment spherical mean technique (MC-SMT), utilizing both high and low b-value diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data, characterizes the diffusion of water molecules within and across the intra- and extra-neurite compartments by analyzing the microstructural intricacies and the foundational architectural arrangement of the brain's tissues. By analyzing the relationships between the measured DWI data, the microscopic diffusion signal, and the fiber orientation distribution function, we predict the DWI data for the intra- and extra-neurite compartments using spherical harmonic decomposition. Using the predicted DWI data for the intra- and extra-neurite compartments, we develop a conductivity tensor imaging method that operates specifically within the separated compartments. Human brain experiments, involving four healthy volunteers and a brain tumor patient, were performed to assess and confirm the reliability of the proposed method."
805,brain tumour,39486269,Longitudinal analysis of astrocyte-derived protein levels in the blood of drug-naive and relapsed patients with schizophrenia.,"The potential influence of astrocytes on neuronal circuitry and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia have recently been highlighted. Human postmortem studies have observed reduced astrocyte numbers in schizophrenia, but whether this pathology is present at disease onset or accumulates progressively with further psychotic episodes remains unclear. Therefore, we analysed serum levels of the astrocyte-derived proteins glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and fatty acid-binding protein 7 (FABP7) in acutely ill first-episode (n = 60) and relapsed (n = 34) schizophrenia patients compared to 94 matched controls. Measurements were taken before and 6 weeks after antipsychotic treatment. We found significantly lower levels of GFAP (p < 0.001) and FABP7 (p < 0.001) in patients compared to controls, with no significant differences between first-episode and relapsed patients or changes after treatment. FABP7 negatively correlated with age in controls (r = -0.319, p = 0.002), but not in patients (r = -0.251, p = 0.015). In contrast, GFAP showed no correlation with age. Our findings suggest that lowered GFAP and FABP7 may serve as trait markers of astrocyte pathology in schizophrenia, even prior to antipsychotic treatment. The absent correlation between FABP7 and age in schizophrenia patients, in contrast to controls, may be related to premature brain aging in schizophrenia. Long-term studies are needed to explore the relationship between chronic disease and astrocyte pathology in schizophrenia."
806,brain tumour,39486075,"Lost and found: a 100-year-old educational neurosurgical film by Thierry de Martel, pioneer of French neurosurgery.","Exchanges in medical practice are necessary for training. The use of movies for promoting medical practice was introduced in the late 19th century. The authors analyzed an unidentified movie titled Trepanation for Rolandic Zone Tumor (Trépanation pour tumeur de la zone rolandique) stored at the Établissement de Communication et de Production Audiovisuelle de la Défense of the French Ministry of Armed Forces. This silent black-and-white movie, lasting 15 minutes and depicting the removal of a meningioma, did not contain information or a legend. The surgical tools used were those developed by Thierry de Martel. The furniture and interior design shown in the film corresponded with the Vercingétorix Clinic that this surgeon had acquired in Paris. A publication from 1922 contained 14 pictures taken from the movie presented in this paper and referred to a movie directed in 1911 by Thierry de Martel. This is strong circumstantial evidence that the film was directed and the surgery was performed by Thierry de Martel at the Vercingétorix Clinic in Paris, France, in 1911 while using the technology of the Gaumont company. This is a contemporary testimony to what surgical practice was over a century ago, and it illustrates how movies were, and remain, a unique way to learn and teach medicine."
807,brain tumour,39486071,Indication-based analysis of laser interstitial thermal therapy: a propensity score-matched comparison of outcomes for brain tumor versus epilepsy indications.,"Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive procedure used to ablate abnormal tissue in a targeted fashion. It is most commonly used to treat epileptic foci, brain tumors, and radiation necrosis. This study aimed to compare immediate postoperative outcomes between these indications."
808,brain tumour,39486067,An analysis of functional outcomes following laser interstitial thermal therapy for recurrent high-grade glioma.,"Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is an emerging tool for treating a variety of focal brain lesions, including recurrent high-grade glioma (HGG). While the efficacy and uses of LITT have been well studied, the impact of this treatment on patient functional outcomes has not been analyzed in detail. This study sought to better define the role of LITT in treating patients with recurrent HGG, examining which patients exhibit good functional outcomes after LITT, and to determine risk factors for worsening neurological function."
809,brain tumour,39486066,A propensity score-matched cost-effectiveness analysis of magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy versus craniotomy for brain tumor radiation necrosis.,Radiation necrosis is becoming an increasingly prevalent complication in patients with brain tumors given the growing utility of stereotactic radiosurgery in modern treatment paradigms. Magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) is a new minimally invasive modality that has exhibited an efficacy comparable to craniotomy in treating radiation necrosis. No studies to date have compared their cost-effectiveness despite the significant additional expenses associated with MRgLITT use. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of MRgLITT versus craniotomy in patients with comparable presentations of radiation necrosis.
810,brain tumour,39486063,Development of a murine laser interstitial thermotherapy system.,The objective of this study was to develop a murine system for the delivery of laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) with probe-based thermometry as a model for human glioblastoma treatment to investigate thermal diffusion in heterogeneous brain tissue.
811,brain tumour,39486062,Patient-reported outcome and preference after craniotomy and laser interstitial thermal therapy ablation: a pilot study.,Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive procedure that allows cytoreduction of brain tumors and can be considered as an alternative to craniotomy. The authors surveyed 27 patients who underwent both craniotomy and LITT during distinct stages of their oncology journey to assess patient-reported outcomes comparing both procedures.
812,brain tumour,39486059,Leveraging machine learning for preoperative prediction of supramaximal ablation in laser interstitial thermal therapy for brain tumors.,"Maximizing safe resection in neuro-oncology has become paramount to improving patient survival and outcomes. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) offers similar survival benefits to traditional resection, alongside shorter hospital stays and faster recovery times. The extent of ablation (EOA) achieved using LITT is linked to patient outcomes, with greater EOA correlating with improved outcomes. However, the preoperative predictors for achieving supramaximal ablation (EOA ≥ 100%) are not well understood. By leveraging machine learning (ML) techniques, this study aimed to identify these predictors to enhance patient selection and therefore outcomes. The objective was to explore preoperative predictors for supramaximal EOA using ML in patients with glioblastoma."
813,brain tumour,39486051,"Evaluating laser interstitial thermal therapy for newly diagnosed, deep-seated, large-volume glioblastoma: survival and outcome analysis.","Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) has emerged as an alternative for treating glioblastoma (GBM) in patients deemed unsuitable for resection due to deep-seated or eloquent location, age, or comorbidities. However, its safety and efficacy in large-volume, deep-seated, newly diagnosed GBM (nGBM) tumors remain insufficiently studied. Therefore, the authors aimed to assess the outcomes of LITT in the treatment of deep-seated, large-volume nGBM."
814,brain tumour,39485272,Targeted therapies for Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): State-of-the-art and future prospects.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains one of the most aggressive and lethal forms of brain cancer, characterized by rapid growth and resistance to conventional therapies. The present review explores the latest advancements in targeted therapies for GBM, emphasizing the critical role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), blood-brain-tumor barrier, tumor microenvironment, and genetic mutations in influencing treatment outcomes. The impact of the key hallmarks of GBM, for example, chemoresistance, hypoxia, and the presence of glioma stem cells on the disease progression and multidrug resistance are discussed in detail. The major focus is on the innovative strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges, such as the use of monoclonal antibodies, small-molecule inhibitors, and novel drug delivery systems designed to enhance drug penetration across the BBB. Additionally, the potential of immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors and vaccine-based approaches, to improve patient prognosis was explored. Recent clinical trials and preclinical studies are reviewed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape and future prospects in GBM treatment. The integration of advanced computational models and personalized medicine approaches is also considered, aiming to tailor therapies to individual patient profiles for better efficacy. Overall, while significant progress has been made in understanding and targeting the complex biology of GBM, continued research and clinical innovation are imperative to develop more effective and sustainable therapeutic options for patients battling this formidable disease."
815,brain tumour,39482500,"Synthesis, preclinical assessment, and first-in-human study of [",Tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) is a critical metric in oncologic PET imaging. This study aims to enhance the TBR of [
816,brain tumour,39482457,Distinguishing clinical and imaging characteristics of primary central nervous system lymphoma from high-grade glioma and metastatic brain tumors.,"The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the clinical presentations, radiological characteristics, patient outcomes, and therapeutic approaches among individuals diagnosed with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), high-grade glioma (HGG), and metastatic brain tumors (METS)."
817,brain tumour,39482219,The State-of-the-Art PET Tracers in Glioblastoma and High-grade Gliomas and Implications for Theranostics.,"MR imaging is currently the main imaging modality used for the diagnosis and post therapeutic assessment of glioblastomas. Recently, several innovative PET radioactive tracers have been investigated for the evaluation of glioblastomas (GBM). These radiotracers target several biochemical and pathophysiological processes seen in tumors. These include glucose metabolism, DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, amino acid transport, cell membrane biosynthesis, specific membrane antigens such as prostatic specific membrane antigens, fibroblast activation protein inhibitor, translocator protein and hypoxia sensing agents, and antibodies targeting specific cell receptor antigen. This review aims to discuss the clinical value of these PET radiopharmaceuticals in the evaluation and treatment of GBMs."
818,brain tumour,39481415,"Artificial Intelligence for Response Assessment in Neuro Oncology (AI-RANO), part 2: recommendations for standardisation, validation, and good clinical practice.","Technological advancements have enabled the extended investigation, development, and application of computational approaches in various domains, including health care. A burgeoning number of diagnostic, predictive, prognostic, and monitoring biomarkers are continuously being explored to improve clinical decision making in neuro-oncology. These advancements describe the increasing incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, including the use of radiomics. However, the broad applicability and clinical translation of AI are restricted by concerns about generalisability, reproducibility, scalability, and validation. This Policy Review intends to serve as the leading resource of recommendations for the standardisation and good clinical practice of AI approaches in health care, particularly in neuro-oncology. To this end, we investigate the repeatability, reproducibility, and stability of AI in response assessment in neuro-oncology in studies on factors affecting such computational approaches, and in publicly available open-source data and computational software tools facilitating these goals. The pathway for standardisation and validation of these approaches is discussed with the view of trustworthy AI enabling the next generation of clinical trials. We conclude with an outlook on the future of AI-enabled neuro-oncology."
819,brain tumour,39481414,"Artificial Intelligence for Response Assessment in Neuro Oncology (AI-RANO), part 1: review of current advancements.","The development, application, and benchmarking of artificial intelligence (AI) tools to improve diagnosis, prognostication, and therapy in neuro-oncology are increasing at a rapid pace. This Policy Review provides an overview and critical assessment of the work to date in this field, focusing on diagnostic AI models of key genomic markers, predictive AI models of response before and after therapy, and differentiation of true disease progression from treatment-related changes, which is a considerable challenge based on current clinical care in neuro-oncology. Furthermore, promising future directions, including the use of AI for automated response assessment in neuro-oncology, are discussed."
820,brain tumour,39481387,Lnc-H19-derived protein shapes the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioblastoma.,"The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) is a prominent feature of glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal primary brain cancer resistant to current immunotherapies. The mechanisms underlying GBM-TME remain to be explored. We report that long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) H19 encodes an immune-related protein called H19-IRP. Functionally separated from H19 RNA, H19-IRP promotes GBM immunosuppression by binding to the CCL2 and Galectin-9 promoters and activating their transcription, thereby recruiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), leading to T cell exhaustion and an immunosuppressive GBM-TME. H19-IRP, overexpressed in clinical GBM samples, acts as a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) presented by major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I). A circular RNA vaccine targeting H19-IRP (circH19-vac) triggers a potent cytotoxic T cell response against GBM and inhibits GBM growth. Our results highlight the unrevealed function of H19-IRP in creating immunosuppressive GBM-TME by recruiting MDSCs and TAMs, supporting the idea of targeting H19-IRP with cancer vaccine for GBM treatment."
821,brain tumour,39481374,3D genome topology distinguishes molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma.,"Four main medulloblastoma (MB) molecular subtypes have been identified based on transcriptional, DNA methylation, and genetic profiles. However, it is currently not known whether 3D genome architecture differs between MB subtypes. To address this question, we performed in situ Hi-C to reconstruct the 3D genome architecture of MB subtypes. In total, we generated Hi-C and matching transcriptome data for 28 surgical specimens and Hi-C data for one patient-derived xenograft. The average resolution of the Hi-C maps was 6,833 bp. Using these data, we found that insulation scores of topologically associating domains (TADs) were effective at distinguishing MB molecular subgroups. TAD insulation score differences between subtypes were globally not associated with differential gene expression, although we identified few exceptions near genes expressed in the lineages of origin of specific MB subtypes. Our study therefore supports the notion that TAD insulation scores can distinguish MB subtypes independently of their transcriptional differences."
822,brain tumour,39481231,The influence of daily imaging and target margin reduction on secondary cancer risk in image-guided and adaptive proton therapy.,
823,brain tumour,39481189,Triple-regulated conditionally replicating adenovirus for effective and safer treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis.,"There is no effective therapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis derived from gastric cancer. An ideal conditionally replicating adenovirus (CRA) that selectively replicates in and kills cancer cells has not been developed for gastric cancer-derived peritoneal carcinomatosis. Using our platform technology of CRA regulated and treating tumors with multiple factors (m-CRA), we generated two types of survivin-responsive m-CRAs, Surv.m-CRA-CMVp and Surv.m-CRA-CEAp, consisting of E1A downstream of the survivin promoter, and the mutated E1B gene downstream of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early gene enhancer/promoter and carcinoembryonic antigen promoter, respectively. Survivin mRNA was expressed at high and undetectable levels in two gastric cancer cells and eleven normal cells, respectively. Carcinoembryonic antigen was expressed at high and very low levels in MKN-45 gastric cancer and normal PrEC cells, respectively, and was not detected in other cell types. While both Surv.m-CRA-CEAp and Surv.m-CRA-CMVp exhibited potent cytotoxic effects on MKN-45 cells in vitro, Surv.m-CRA-CEAp significantly reduced cytotoxicity to normal cells compared to Surv.m-CRA-CMVp. Control mice that received an intraperitoneal injection of MKN-45 cells gradually lost body weight and died of peritoneal carcinomatosis within 98 days. In contrast, all mice receiving Surv.m-CRA-CEAp or Surv.m-CRA-CMVp-infected MKN-45 cells increased their body weight and survived 120 days. In conclusion, the triple-regulated Surv.m-CRA-CEAp enhances cancer specificity (i.e., safety) without reducing the potent therapeutic effect for carcinoembryonic antigen-positive gastric cancer-derived peritoneal carcinomatosis. The modified E1B promoter strategy of CRA facilitates the development of novel CRAs for the effective and safe treatment of a variety of refractory cancers."
824,brain tumour,39480215,"""Mini Brain"" Appearance in Spinal Metastasis From Type A Thymoma Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT.","A 66-year-old man presented with persistent dull pain in the lower back for over 7 months. An expansile lytic lesion in the L4 vertebral body showed a characteristic ""mini brain"" appearance on MRI, which is highly suggestive of plasmacytoma. 18F-FDG PET/CT scan revealed increased FDG uptake in the L4 lesion, with an additional finding of a mass in the anterior mediastinum that showed mild FDG uptake. Lumbar surgery and complete resection of the anterior mediastinum tumor confirmed spinal metastatic type A thymoma, which was classified as p-T1aN0M1b, stage IVb. The patient's condition improved postsurgery and chemotherapy, with long-term follow-up necessary due to recurrence risk."
825,brain tumour,39479457,"Whole-body fluorescence cryotomography identifies a fast-acting, high-contrast, durable contrast agent for fluorescence-guided surgery.","Imaging of tumor-specific fluorescent contrast agents to guide tumor removal has been shown to improve outcomes and is now standard practice for some neurosurgical procedures. However, many agents require administration hours before surgery, a practical challenge, and may exhibit inconsistent concordance with contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI), the current standard for diagnosing and guiding glioma removal. A fluorescent agent that accurately marks tumor shortly after administration and is otherwise similar to CE-MRI would help overcome these shortcomings. "
826,brain tumour,39479444,Lactoferrin docking NIR-II cyanine dye as a potentiated phototheranostic for synchronous multimodal bioimaging and tumor photo-immunotherapy.,
827,brain tumour,39479268,An adolescent girl with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion preceding the diagnosis of olfactory neuroblastoma - a case report.,We present an adolescent in whom olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) was detected on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 2.5 years after SIADH diagnosis. Our case contrasts prior pediatric reports in which ONB and SIADH were diagnosed concurrently.
828,brain tumour,39479150,A Case of Ramucirumab for Radiation Necrosis Following Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases From Lung Cancer.,"It is well known that bevacizumab is effective against radiation necrosis in the brain (hereafter referred to as brain necrosis). Herein, we report a case of brain necrosis in a patient treated with a regimen that included ramucirumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor. A woman in her 40s presented with five brain metastases from lung adenocarcinoma at the initial diagnosis. Each metastasis was treated with stereotactic radiotherapy. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging showed increased oedema surrounding the lesion in the left frontal lobe, leading to a diagnosis of radiation-induced brain necrosis. Docetaxel + ramucirumab was chosen for third-line chemotherapy. During treatment, perioperative brain necrotic oedema diminished. Furthermore, anti-VEGF inhibitor regimens should be considered for reducing oedema associated with radiation necrosis of the brain, as they can be utilized alongside chemotherapy for the primary tumor."
829,brain tumour,39479057,Determining Simple and Effective Cost Functions for an Efficient Volumetric-Modulated Arcs-Based Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Single Brain Metastases Using Monaco® Planning System.,"Introduction Volumetric-modulated arcs (VMA) can produce dose distributions suitable for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with a multi-leaf collimator (MLC) for brain metastases (BMs). The treatment planning and verification for VMA are more complicated than for dynamic conformal arcs. The longer the preparation time from image acquisition to the start of irradiation, the higher the risk of tumor growth and/or displacement. This planning study aimed to exploit the simple and effective cost function (CF) for establishing semi-automatic efficient VMA optimization for SRS of single BMs. Materials and methods The study population included 30 clinical BMs with a gross tumor volume (GTV) of 0.72-44.30 cc (median 9.81 cc) and a depth of 20-79 mm (median 41 mm). The treatment platform included a 5-mm leaf-width MLC Agility"
830,brain tumour,39479007,Anatomy-guided resections for paralimbic tumors in the temporo-insular region: combining tumor and epilepsy surgery concepts.,Tumors in the temporo-mesial region often extend into the insula and vice versa. The present study investigated the results of a surgical strategy that combines principles of tumor and epilepsy surgery.
831,brain tumour,39478736,Meningioma‑associated parkinsonism related to basal ganglia and cerebellar motor circuits: A case report and literature review.,"Parkinsonism can be caused by a variety of factors, such as drugs, vascular disease, toxicity, infection, and autoimmune, neoplastic, metabolic and functional diseases. Parkinsonism is associated with both motor and nonmotor clinical symptoms. Notably, the accurate diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism remains challenging. Meningioma is the most common type of extraparenchymal brain tumor, which typically presents with headaches, focal symptoms and cranial nerve symptoms. Parkinsonism is a rare initial symptom of meningioma. The present report describes an unusual case of a 70-year-old man who presented with tremors, pill-rolling tremors and left-sided rigidity. In addition, the patient exhibited asymmetrical bradykinesia (left > right) and mild postural instability. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a homogeneously enhanced cerebral falx meningioma and dilated tortuous veins. Dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography revealed decreased "
832,brain tumour,39478491,Endoscopic transnasal and transoral resection of the odontoid process and C1 combined with occipitocervical fusion for osteoradionecrosis of the upper cervical spine: a case report and literature review.,"Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the upper cervical spine is a rare but severe complication of head and neck cancer radiotherapy. To raise awareness of this condition, we describe a patient with a history of nasopharyngeal carcinoma who developed ORN of the upper cervical spine and review the published literature reporting surgical management."
833,brain tumour,39478215,Myocardial infarction augments sleep to limit cardiac inflammation and damage.,Sleep is integral to cardiovascular health
834,brain tumour,39478111,A multi-modal single-cell and spatial expression map of metastatic breast cancer biopsies across clinicopathological features.,"Although metastatic disease is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, its tumor microenvironment remains poorly characterized due to technical and biospecimen limitations. In this study, we assembled a multi-modal spatial and cellular map of 67 tumor biopsies from 60 patients with metastatic breast cancer across diverse clinicopathological features and nine anatomic sites with detailed clinical annotations. We combined single-cell or single-nucleus RNA sequencing for all biopsies with a panel of four spatial expression assays (Slide-seq, MERFISH, ExSeq and CODEX) and H&E staining of consecutive serial sections from up to 15 of these biopsies. We leveraged the coupled measurements to provide reference points for the utility and integration of different experimental techniques and used them to assess variability in cell type composition and expression as well as emerging spatial expression characteristics across clinicopathological and methodological diversity. Finally, we assessed spatial expression and co-localization features of macrophage populations, characterized three distinct spatial phenotypes of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and identified expression programs associated with local T cell infiltration versus exclusion, showcasing the potential of clinically relevant discovery in such maps."
835,brain tumour,39477886,Prognostic values of combined ratios of white blood cells in glioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Gliomas, the most prevalent type of neurological tumor, pose a challenging prognosis for patients. Recent studies have underscored the importance of inflammatory markers such as the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) in predicting the prognosis of gliomas. We undertook a thorough meta-analysis to elucidate the role of these inflammatory markers in forecasting the prognosis of glioma patients. We extracted hazard ratios (HR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) from each study for analysis. To assess heterogeneity and identify influential studies, we conducted sensitivity analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed to investigate sources of heterogeneity, and we employed Egger's test to evaluate publication bias in the meta-analysis. Higher NLR levels were associated with shorter overall survival (HR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.33-1.60) and progression-free survival (HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04-1.48). There was no significant correlation between PLR levels and overall survival (HR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01) or progression-free survival (HR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.98-1.02) in glioma patients. Elevated MLR levels were associated with decreased overall survival in glioma patients (HR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.36-2.34). SII levels did not show any significant association with overall or progression-free survival in glioma patients (HR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.99-1.01).In the sensitivity analysis, two studies potentially contributed to the instability. Subgroup analyses showed patient population and area were identified as potential sources of heterogeneity. Egger's test showed that there was publication bias in the relationship between NLR and PLR and overall survival (P < 0.05).All randomized controlled models, except for these, were not affected by publication bias. NLR and MLR are two reliable indicators of inflammation in the prognosis of glioma patients; PLR and SII do not have significant value in the prognosis of glioma patients."
836,brain tumour,39477835,Amide proton transfer-weighted CEST MRI for radiotherapy target delineation of glioblastoma: a prospective pilot study.,"Extensive glioblastoma infiltration justifies a 15-mm margin around the gross tumor volume (GTV) to define the radiotherapy clinical target volume (CTV). Amide proton transfer (APT)-weighted imaging could enable visualization of tumor infiltration, allowing more accurate GTV delineation. We quantified the impact of integrating APT-weighted imaging into GTV delineation of glioblastoma and compared two APT-weighted quantification methods-magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTR"
837,brain tumour,39477722,Brain Tumor Assessment: Integrating PET/Computed Tomography and MR Imaging Modalities.,"While MR imaging is the main imaging modality to assess brain tumors, PET imaging has a specific role. Among the many tracers that have been proposed and are still being developed, 2-["
838,brain tumour,39477545,Diagnostic performance of fast brain MRI compared to routine clinical MRI in patients with glioma grade 3 and 4 -a pilot study.,EPIMix is a fast brain MRI technique not previously investigated in patients with glioma grades 3 and 4. This pilot study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of EPIMix in the radiological treatment evaluation of adult patients with glioma grades 3 and 4 compared to routine clinical MRI (rcMRI).
839,brain tumour,39477460,Adipsic arginine vasopressin deficiency: challenges in managing the intricate interplay of adipsia with polyuria.,"Adipsic arginine vasopressin deficiency (AAVP-D) is caused by hypothalamic dysfunction (HD) due to varied aetiologies, including craniopharyngiomas. Its management is extremely challenging because two of the three regulatory mechanisms (thirst, arginine vasopressin, and renal medullary tonicity) for maintaining plasma osmolality are impaired ("
840,brain tumour,39477449,Concurrent sarcoidosis and metastatic lung cancer in a patient with ring-enhancing brain lesions.,"This case discusses a male in his 40s with no prior medical history who presented to the emergency room with headaches and blurred vision and was found to have ring-enhancing lesions on brain MRI. Chest imaging revealed bilateral pulmonary nodules with a dominant right upper lobe nodule. On lung tissue sampling, he was found to have concurrent sarcoidosis and non-small cell lung cancer. Initial brain biopsy showed non-specific vascular lesions and inflammation which were initially thought secondary to sarcoidosis since there was no evidence of malignancy. However, given the importance of a definitive diagnosis to establish prognosis, repeat brain biopsy was pursued, which confirmed metastatic lung cancer. This case demonstrates the benefits of repeat biopsy in situations where clinical suspicion for malignancy is high, as well as the possibility for multiple concurrent diagnoses in a patient. The patient is currently undergoing stereotactic radiosurgery and chemotherapy with carboplatin, pemetrexed and pembrolizumab."
841,brain tumour,39477379,The Diagnostic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles Derived From the Blood Plasma of Glioblastoma Patients.,"Biomarkers for patients suffering from glioblastoma (GBM) are scarce. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are a promising candidate for a potential biomarker. Therefore, EV concentration could be a potential biomarker of tumor burden, volume, and prognosis."
842,brain tumour,39477314,Preoperative Tumor Growth Rate Does Not Predict Overall or Progression-free Survival in Patients With Glioblastoma.,Presurgical tumor volume progression in glioblastoma (GBM) may be a predictor of survival. This study aims to evaluate the potential impact of preoperative tumor growth and other clinical as well as laboratory parameters on overall survival (OS) of GBM patients.
843,brain tumour,39477295,Understanding the Genomic Landscape of Glioblastoma: Opportunities for Targeted Therapies.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is categorized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a grade 4 glioma and is a uniformly fatal tumor of the central nervous system. With the discovery of specific gene anomalies, GBM classification has been modified several times to provide better diagnostic and prognostic accuracy. Survival outcomes remain dismal despite the current therapeutic modalities, which include a combination of surgical resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapies, providing brief control of tumor progression. GBM remains aggressive and reoccurs primarily due to the presence of a unique population of untreatable glioblastoma stem cells (GSC). The presence of high mutation rates and a dysregulated transcriptional landscape increase GSC resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy, contributing to poor outcomes seen in GBM patients. Accordingly, GSCs have emerged as targets of interest in new GBM treatment paradigms. Consequently, it is important to understand their distinct properties, such as GSC interactions with the hypoxic microenvironment, enhancing their growth. The epigenomic regulators and fundamental molecular components of the signaling pathways represent potential targets for GBM therapies. In this review, we aimed to describe the evolution of GBM classification and highlight the current therapeutic modalities, including gene and immunotherapies, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors to target GBM. Furthermore, we explored the molecular pathway of GSCs and the ongoing investigation of circulating tumor cells (CTC), along with precision therapeutics, which aim to provide novel discoveries and effective treatments for GBM with improved survival."
844,brain tumour,39477285,Role of Glutamine Synthetase on Vascular Permeability in Gliomas.,This study aimed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of inhibiting glutamine synthetase (GS) on the vascular permeability of gliomas.
845,brain tumour,39477088,Proposal for a complementary surgical checklist for brain tumor surgery.,"Once the WHO generic surgical checklist has been standardized and following the itinerary proposed, it is up to the different specialties to continue advancing in the improvement and adjustment of the checklists to the procedures and interventions in their field."
846,brain tumour,39476892,Bovine serum albumin-Camptothecin nanoparticles for RNAs packaging to improve the prognosis of Cancer.,"xRNAs have received a lot of attention for their potential in targeted therapy. This study aims to construct nanoparticles using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Camptothecin to improve the bioavailability and targeting of drugs through RNA packaging, thereby improving the prognosis of cancer patients. The phacoemulsification method was used to synthesize BSA-CPT-NPs, and the single factor orthogonal design method was used to optimize the process. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles to cancer cells and their effect on intracellular RNA expression were evaluated in vitro. The results showed that the formation of BSA-Camptothecin nanoparticles was uniform, and the drug loading and RNA encapsulation efficiency reached a high level. Cell experiments showed that the nanoparticle significantly inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells and enhanced the anti-tumor effect by regulating the expression of xRNAs. The study confirmed the potential of BSA-Camptothecin nanoparticles packaged by RNA to improve the efficiency and targeting of drug delivery, and future research will focus on further exploring its feasibility in clinical applications for cancer therapy."
847,brain tumour,39476317,Diffusion network with spatial channel attention infusion and frequency spatial attention for brain tumor segmentation.,"Accurate segmentation of gliomas is crucial for diagnosis, treatment planning, and evaluating therapeutic efficacy. Physicians typically analyze and delineate tumor regions in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images based on personal experience, which is often time-consuming and subject to individual interpretation. Despite advancements in deep learning technology for image segmentation, current techniques still face challenges in clearly defining tumor boundary contours and enhancing segmentation accuracy."
848,brain tumour,39476302,"Development of a web-based tool for estimating individualized survival curves in glioblastoma using clinical, mRNA, and tumor microenvironment features with fusion techniques.","Glioblastoma (GBM), one of the most common brain tumors, is known for its low survival rates and poor treatment responses. This study aims to create a robust predictive model that integrates multiple feature types, including clinical data, RNA expression, and tumor microenvironment data, using fusion techniques to enhance model performance."
849,brain tumour,39476270,"Complication avoidance, rehabilitation, pain therapy and palliative care for patients with metastatic spine tumors: WFNS spine committee recommendations.","This review aims to formulate the most current, evidence-based recommendations regarding complication avoidance, rehabilitation, pain therapy and palliative care for patients with metastatic spine tumors."
850,brain tumour,39475992,SARS-CoV-2 propagation to the TPH2-positive neurons in the ventral tegmental area induces cell death via GSK3β-dependent accumulation of phosphorylated tau.,"COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, was declared a pandemic by the WHO in 2020. Psychiatric symptoms including sleep disturbance, memory impairment, and depression are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. These symptoms are causes long-term mental and physical distress in recovering patients; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, we determined the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on brain tissue using k18hACE2 mice. Using brain tissue from 18hACE2 mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 through intranasal administration, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and RNA were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and in-situ hybridization. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2)-positive cells and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were co-localized in the ventral tegmental area of SARS-CoV-2-infected mice. We observed decreased TPH2 expression and increased accumulation of phosphorylated tau protein and Phospho-Histone H2A.X (γH2AX) expression in the ventral tegmental region. In addition, activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) was induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection of TPH2-positive cells in the ventral tegmental area induces neuronal cell death through increased accumulation of phosphorylated tau. Attenuation of the GSK3β pathway and decreased serotonin synthesis through suppression of TPH2 expression may contribute to the development of neurological symptoms."
851,brain tumour,39475570,Protumoral lipid droplet-loaded macrophages are enriched in human glioblastoma and can be therapeutically targeted.,"Glioblastoma presents a formidable clinical challenge because of its complex microenvironment. Here, we characterized tumor-associated foam cells (TAFs), a type of lipid droplet-loaded macrophage, in human glioblastoma. Through extensive analyses of patient tumors, together with in vitro and in vivo investigations, we found that TAFs exhibit distinct protumorigenic characteristics related to hypoxia, mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and impaired phagocytosis, and their presence correlates with worse outcomes for patients with glioma. We further demonstrated that TAF formation is facilitated by lipid scavenging from extracellular vesicles released by glioblastoma cells. We found that targeting key enzymes involved in lipid droplet formation, such as diacylglycerol "
852,brain tumour,39475505,Hereditary Renal Tumor Syndromes and the Use of mTOR Inhibitors.,"The Case A 47-year-old woman with a history of drug-resistant epilepsy during childhood presented to the emergency department with sudden dyspnea and chest pain. Upon admission, her oxygen saturation was 88%. A chest CT scan revealed pulmonary cystic lesions consistent with lymphangioleiomyomatosis and a right spontaneous pneumothorax, which resolved with the placement of a chest tube. Physical examination revealed a hypopigmented macule on the skin of the lumbar region, facial angiofibromas, and periungual fibromas. An abdominal MRI documented multiple bilateral renal tumors that were hypointense on T2-weighted imaging and showed a black boundary artifact, suggestive of fat-poor angiomyolipomas (AMLs). Subsequent percutaneous biopsy of the largest renal tumor confirmed the diagnosis of angiomyolipoma (positive for HMB-45 on immunohistochemistry). The brain MRI revealed subependymal nodules. The pulmonary function tests showed a mild obstructive pattern. Germline genetic testing confirmed the suspected diagnosis, and the patient started oral systemic treatment with everolimus (Afinitor) 10 mg once daily, along with dexamethasone rinses for prophylaxis."
853,brain tumour,39475379,Neurons enhance blood-brain barrier function via upregulating claudin-5 and VE-cadherin expression due to glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor secretion.,Blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents neurotoxins from entering central nervous system. We aimed to establish and characterize an 
854,brain tumour,39475180,Measuring the diagnostic management and follow-up imaging for glioma patients across Belgian hospitals between 2016 and 2019.,This study aimed to assess the diagnostic management and follow-up imaging for glioma patients across Belgian hospitals by calculating process indicators.
855,brain tumour,39475111,Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated central nervous system vasculitis mimicking brain tumor: A case report.,"Here, we report a case of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis that mimicked a brain tumor. The patient presented with progressive right upper arm weakness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed large tumor-like lesions in the left frontal and parietal lobes, with patchy and irregular enhancement with gadolinium and edema. Based on the clinical course and radiological findings, a brain tumor was suspected, and stereotactic brain biopsy was performed. Brain histopathology revealed necrotic tissue and lymphocyte infiltration around small vessels and blood vessel walls. Although the patient's clinical course and pathological findings suggested primary angiitis of CNS (PACNS), double staining for myeloperoxidase (MPO) and CD31 (a neutrophil marker) revealed infiltration of MPO-positive neutrophils in the blood vessel walls. Therefore, we diagnosed the patient with ANCA-associated CNS vasculitis. Because CNS vasculitis, including PACNS, presents nonspecific clinical findings and can depict brain tumor-like MRI findings, CNS vasculitis should be carefully differentiated from brain tumors. Additionally, double staining for MPO and CD31 might be useful for evaluating the pathogenesis of CNS vasculitis."
856,brain tumour,39475033,Ring-Enhancing Lesions-Differentiation with MRI.,"Lesions with central hypointensity and peripheral contrast enhancement are defined as ring-enhancing lesions. The aetiologies of ring-enhancing lesions may be various, including infections, tumours, demyelinating diseases, treatment-related conditions and hematoma. The imaging findings and their distinguishing features also vary among different ring-enhancing lesions. This review examines the magnetic resonance imaging findings of different ring-enhancing lesions and their distinguishing features."
857,brain tumour,39475028,Ganglioglioma with ,
858,brain tumour,39474971,Impact of Tumor Resection Volume on Visual Outcomes and the Need for Secondary Surgery Following Transsphenoidal Surgery in Suprasellar Extended Non-Functionial Pituitary Adenomas.,To investigate the surgical outcomes in patients with nonfunctional pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) exhibiting visual field defects (VFDs) in order to ascertain the impact of the volume of adenoma excised during surgery on recurrence rates and improvements in VFDs.
859,brain tumour,39474970,Predictive Value of T2-weighted Perfusion and T1-weighted Permeability MRI Parameters in Determining IDH Mutational Status and Grade of Gliomas.,To assess the performance metrics of perfusion and permeability magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters with optimal cut-offs in differentiating isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genotype and tumor grade in patients with grade 2-4 gliomas.
860,brain tumour,39474960,Outlining the Molecular Profile of Glioblastoma: Exploring the Influence of Subventricular Zone Proximity.,To investigate the correlation between specific glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) molecular markers and their proximity to the subventricular zone (SVZ) to uncover potential prognostic indicators and therapeutic strategies.
861,brain tumour,39474956,Relationship of Serum Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Levels with Residual Tumor Volume in Patients with Astrocytoma.,To investigate the relationship between tumor volume and serum microsomal prostaglandin E2 (mPGE2) levels in patients with astrocytic tumors.
862,brain tumour,39474950,The Utility of Neuroendoscopic Approach for Pineal Region Lesions: Single-Centre Experience.,To investigate the treatment approaches and follow-up data of patients with pineal region tumours at our institution.
863,brain tumour,39474782,Single Question for Screening Suicide Risk in Patients With Cancer in Nursing Routine Work: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.,"To examine the efficacy of the Single Suicide Question, a tactful single-item tool, in assessing suicide risk among cancer patients."
864,brain tumour,39474561,Ectopic ACTH-Dependent Cushing's Syndrome Emerging at a Late Stage of a Mixed Histology Neuroendocrine Neoplasm: A Case Report.,"Neuroendocrine neoplasms encompass well-differentiated tumors (NETs) and poorly differentiated carcinomas (neuroendocrine carcinomas [NECs]), which are distinguished by their clinical behavior and molecular characteristics. They can cause paraneoplastic syndromes, such as ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing's syndrome (CS), necessitating prompt recognition and management due to severe hypercortisolism."
865,brain tumour,39474492,Effect of bevacizumab on refractory meningiomas: 3D volumetric growth rate versus response assessment in neuro-oncology criteria.,Meningiomas are the most common primary tumor in the central nervous system. About 15%-20% are aggressive and tend to recur and progress despite conventional treatment. Bevacizumab has been found to be effective in the treatment of refractory meningiomas in retrospective studies. The Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria are widely used to assess the effect of treatment. Recent studies suggest that the 3D volumetric growth rate (3DVGR) may be more accurate for irregularly shaped tumors. The aim of this study was to compare these approaches.
866,brain tumour,39474491,A fast protocol for multicenter and multiparametric quantitative MRI studies in brain tumor patients using vendor sequences.,"Multiparametric quantitative MRI (mp-qMRI) provides noninvasive, quantitative measurements sensitive to a variety of tissue properties. In brain tumors (BTs), longitudinal relaxation time (T1), effective transverse relaxation time (T2*), transverse relaxation time (T2), water content (H"
867,brain tumour,39474115,Current situation of neuropathology in Central America.,"The present situation of neuropathology practice in the Central American region has not been addressed in the past. These are low middle-income countries, and therefore, many do not have a basic immunohistochemistry panel. Cytogenetics and molecular studies are not available in most of Central America. Pediatric brain tumors are diagnosed either by anatomical pathologists or by pediatric pathologists. Access to a weakly Latin American Tumor Board is available to consult cases, but most countries do not participate in these expert meetings. The most recent World Health Organization brain tumor book has a very broad molecular classification of pediatric brain tumors. All these factors make it very difficult to properly diagnose pediatric brain tumors in the region, and this impacts the treatment and overall survival of children with brain tumors."
868,brain tumour,39474075,Re-programming by a six-factor-secretome in the patient tumor ecosystem during nutrient stress and drug response.,"Cancer cells need nutrients to grow and proliferate. During nutrient stress in the microenvironment, it is unclear "
869,brain tumour,39473823,Identification of potential bioactive phytochemicals for the inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β: a structure-based approach for cancer therapy.,"Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) belongs to the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) protein family and is implicated in several disorders such as hematopoietic, glial, and soft-tissue cancer, non-cancerous disorders, including skeletal defects, brain calcification, and vascular anomalies. The research on small molecule inhibitors targeting PDGFRβ in cancer treatment has seen promising developments, but significant gaps remain. PDGFRβ, receptor tyrosine kinase, is overexpressed in various cancers and plays an important role in tumor progression, making it a potential therapeutic target. However, despite advances in identifying and characterizing PDGFRβ inhibitors, few have progressed to clinical trials, and the mechanistic details of PDGFRβ's interactions with small molecule inhibitors are still not fully understood. Moreover, the specificity and selectivity of these inhibitors remain challenging, as off-target effects can lead to unwanted toxicity. In this investigation, two compounds, Genostrychnine and Chelidonine, were discovered that help inhibit the kinase activity of PDGFRβ. These small molecules were identified by employing various parameters involved in the drug discovery process, such as Lipinski's rule of five (RO5), 2D similarity search and 3D pharmacophore-based virtual screening followed by MD simulation studies. The identified molecules were found to be effective and significantly bound with the PDGFRβ kinase domain. Overall, our findings demonstrate that these small drug-like compounds can be beneficial tools in studying the properties of PDGFRβ and can play a crucial role in the therapeutic development of cancers and other associated diseases."
870,brain tumour,39473666,Extracellular Vesicle-Based Characterization of Stem Cell Phenotype in Glioblastomas.,"Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common brain malignancy occurring in adult patients having an extremely low overall survival. Therefore, it is paramount to establish reliable and accurate diagnostic and prognostic markers to guide a personalized and more effective treatment. Molecular characterization of the tumor is the ultimate goal in GB management and comprises, among others, the study of the extracellular vesicles (EVs). Not only do they carry within their cargo molecules involved in shaping a favorable microenvironment for GB development, but EVs also present surface markers mirroring the phenotype of the donor cells. Our study aims to assess the dynamic evolution of EV-positive surface biomarkers and EV-derived proteins involved in maintaining and transferring a stem cell phenotype to the cells from GB surroundings. We performed a prospective observational study on GB patients operated on in the Neurosurgery Clinic of the Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, Romania. GB-derived EVs were isolated from the patients' plasma using a density gradient ultracentrifugation protocol. The expression of EVs positive to four epitopes specific to stem cells (CD44, CD133, CD326/EpCAM, and SSEA4) was followed in three moments in time, preoperatively, seven days, and three months postoperatively, respectively, and quantified by a bead-based multiple analysis using flow cytometry. Moreover, NANOGP8, a protein within GB cargo capable of promoting a stem cell phenotype, was dynamically evaluated using the Western blot technique. Our study showed a statistically significant decrease of all surface markers and NANOGP8 immediately after tumor ablation. Nonetheless, the long-term follow-up of the patients revealed an extremely variable evolutionary pattern reflecting the high heterogeneity of GB. Further studies are necessary to either confirm or infirm the accuracy of these markers in early diagnosing GB, in predicting the outcome of this disease, and in guiding an individualized therapy."
871,brain tumour,39473426,A Dot-Blot Screening for Identifying the Temozolomide-Regulated Proteins as Potential Targets for Glioma Multi-OMICS Studies.,"Malignant gliomas represent a heterogenous group of brain cancers that are characterized by infiltrative growth that lacks a clearly identifiable tumor border. The lack of the possibility of radical surgical resection and targeted therapy results in a poor prognosis. Although Temozolomide (TMZ) is still the leading chemotherapeutic agent in glioma treatment, its efficacy is limited due to the development of tumor resistance. Therefore, there an urgent need to improve the diagnosis and treatment of these tumors. Finding and developing biomarkers that are specific to glioma could be useful for both identifying therapy targets and monitoring treatment as well as for constructing a personalized therapy. However, there are still no reliable markers that would change the quality of glioma treatment."
872,brain tumour,39473421,Mitochondrial DNA Alterations in Glioblastoma and Current Therapeutic Targets.,"Metabolic reprogramming within tumor cells involves a shift towards either glycolysis or mitochondrial respiration, depending on the stage of tumor progression. Consequently, irreversible dysfunction of the mitochondria is considered a crucial mechanism driving the progression mechanism. While numerous mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been identified across various tumor types, including glioblastoma, many studies have been limited in the scope, focusing on small segments of mtDNA or utilizing sequencing methods with restricted sensitivity. As a result, several potentially significant mtDNA mutations may have been underestimated, along with their heteroplasmic states, which play a crucial role in determining the phenotypic impact of mtDNA mutation. Although both somatic and germline mtDNA mutations have been observed in different tumor types, research on the mtDNA mutations linked to glioblastoma remains scarce. The mitochondrial genome encodes thirteen protein-coding genes that are essential for the proper functioning of respiratory complex chains. Alterations in mitochondrial function manifest at various levels, including structural and functional changes, impacting mitogenic, hemodynamic, bioenergetic, and apoptotic signaling pathways. These alterations often signify a reduced efficiency of the oxidative phosphorylation system and energy production in tumor cells. As the crucial role of mitochondrial dysfunction in glioma development grows, mitochondria have emerged as promising targets for therapy aimed at overcoming chemoresistance and eliminating cancer cells. This brief review outlines the association between mtDNA alteration and glioblastoma, as well as the current advancements in therapeutic strategies targeting mtDNA alterations."
873,brain tumour,39473408,"HOXD9 Enhances the Release of HMGB1 and Boosts Glycolysis in Glioblastoma under Hypoxic Conditions, Leading to Tumor Growth by Activating the Transcription of ",Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor. The 
874,brain tumour,39473365,Assembly of glioblastoma tumoroids and cerebral organoids: a 3D in vitro model for tumor cell invasion.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) has a fatal prognosis because of its aggressive and invasive characteristics. Understanding the mechanism of invasion necessitates an elucidation of the relationship between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. However, there has been a scarcity of suitable models to investigate this. In this study, we established a glioblastoma-cerebral organoid assembloid (GCOA) model by co-culturing patient-derived GBM tumoroids and human cerebral organoids. Tumor cells from the tumoroids infiltrated the cerebral organoids, mimicking the invasive nature of the parental tumors. Using time-lapse imaging, various invasion patterns of cancer cells within cerebral organoids resembling a normal tissue milieu were monitored. Both single- and collective-cell invasion was captured in real-time. We also confirmed the formation of an intercellular tumor network and tumor-normal-cell interactions. Furthermore, the transcriptomic characterization of GCOAs revealed distinct features of invasive tumor cells. Overall, this study established the GCOA as a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro assembloid model to investigate invasion mechanisms and interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment."
875,brain tumour,39473262,Somatostatin receptors in pituitary somatotroph adenomas as predictors of response to somatostatin receptor ligands: A pathologist's perspective.,"There are five subtypes of somatostatin receptors (SST1-5), which are expressed in several types of solid neoplasms, neuroendocrine tumors, and pituitary adenomas. Most commonly, SST2 and SST5, are of interest regarding diagnostic, treatment, and prognostic purposes. In this article the basic biological characteristics of SST are briefly reviewed, and focus given to the immunohistochemical evaluation of SST2 and SST5 in growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary tumors, and their quantification as predictors of response to treatment with somatostatin receptor ligands (SRL), the mainstay of the pharmacological therapy available for these tumors. Although many different scoring systems for SST2 immunohistochemistry showing correlation with SRL response have been reported, among which the immunoreactivity score (IRS) has been the most consistently used, a universally validated immunohistochemical technique and scoring scheme is lacking. Efforts should be made on collaborative multicenter studies aiming at validating homogeneous immunostaining protocols and a scoring system for SST2 and SST5 expression, to help clinicians to define the optimal therapeutic strategy for the patients with somatotroph tumors."
876,brain tumour,39473241,The molecular history of IDH-mutant astrocytomas without adjuvant treatment.,"Hypermutation and malignant transformation are potential complications arising from temozolomide treatment of IDH-mutant gliomas. However, the natural history of IDH-mutant low-grade gliomas without temozolomide treatment is actually under-studied. We retrieved retrospectively from our hospitals paired tumors from 19 patients with IDH-mutant, 1p19q non-codeleted Grade 2 astrocytomas where no interim adjuvant treatment with either temozolomide or radiotherapy was given between primary resections and first recurrences. Tissues from multiple recurrences were available from two patients and radiotherapy but not temozolomide was given before the last specimens were resected. We studied the natural molecular history of these low-grade IDH-mutant astrocytomas without pressure of temozolomide with DNA methylation profiling and copy number variation (CNV) analyses, targeted DNA sequencing, TERTp sequencing, FISH for ALT and selected biomarkers. Recurrences were mostly higher grades (15/19 patients) and characterized by new CNVs not present in the primary tumors (17/19 cases). Few novel mutations were identified in recurrences. Tumors from 17/19 (89.5%) patients showed either CDKN2A homozygous deletion, MYC or PDGFRA focal and non-focal gains at recurrences. There was no case of hypermutation. Phylogenetic trees constructed for tumors for the two patients with multiple recurrences suggested a lack of subclone development in their evolution when under no pressure from temozolomide. In summary, our studies demonstrated, in contrast to the phenomenon of temozolomide-induced hypermutation, IDH-mutant, 1p19q non-codeleted Grade 2 astrocytomas which had not been treated by temozolomide, acquired new CNVs at tumor recurrences. These findings improve our understanding of the molecular life history of IDH-mutant astrocytomas."
877,brain tumour,39473204,Dosimetry Comparison of 3D Conformal Radiotherapy and Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Brain Tumors: A Meta-Analysis.,"This study aimed to evaluate IMRT and 3D-CRT in the therapy of brain tumor (BT) in relation to dose-volume histograms (DVHs) parameters, such as Heterogeneity Index (HI), Conformity index (CI), Equivalent Uniform Dose (EUD), and mean dose (Dmean) outcomes, including the program for the tumors of the brain and estimate whether a favored procedure can be found through the features of the pretreatment."
878,brain tumour,39473201,"Fustin, a Potent Phytochemical, Attenuates Scopolamine-induced Memory Impairment and Neurodegeneration by Modulating Neuroinflammation and Neurotransmitters.","Fustin, a photogenic flavanol found in the plant Rhus verniciflua Stokes, has been involved in multiple disease ailments and has a beneficial pharmacological effect and a history of use in traditional medicine. The present research aimed to study the impact of fustin on scopolamine (SCOP)-induced memory impairment and neurodegeneration by modulating neuroinflammation and neurotransmitters in rats."
879,brain tumour,39473129,Saturation transfer (CEST and MT) MRI for characterization of U-87 MG glioma in the rat.,"The focus of this work was to identify the optimal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast between orthotopic U-87 MG tumours and normal appearing brain with the eventual goal of treatment response monitoring. U-87 MG human glioblastoma cells were injected into the brain of RNU nude rats (n = 9). The rats were imaged at 7 T at three timepoints for all animals: 3-5, 7-9, and 11-13 days after implantation. Whole-brain T"
880,brain tumour,39473020,Science for tomorrow's neurosurgery: insights on establishing a neurosurgery patient group focused on developing novel intra-operative imaging techniques.,"Incorporating patient and public involvement (PPI) in research is crucial for ensuring the relevance and success of studies, yet it remains significantly underutilised in surgical research."
881,brain tumour,39472976,NF1 expression profiling in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma: genomic associations and survival outcomes.,"NF1 inactivation is associated with sensitivity to MEK inhibitor targeted therapy in low-grade and some high-grade gliomas. NF1 loss may also be a harbinger of exploitable vulnerabilities in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma (GBM). Accurate and consistent detection of NF1 loss, however, is fraught given the large gene size, challenges with complete coverage and variant calling upon sequencing, and mechanisms of mRNA and protein regulation that result in early degradation in the absence of genomic alterations. Here, we seek to perform a composite analysis for NF1 loss accounting for genomic alterations and protein expression via immunohistochemistry. We also characterize the landscape of NF1 alterations in GBM."
882,brain tumour,39472973,Diagnostic and prognostic significance of tetraspanin 6 and its role in facilitating glioma progression.,"Several tetraspanin (TSPAN) proteins have been implicated in tumorigenesis and disease progression. However, the precise function of tetraspanin 6 (TSPAN6) in glioma remains unclear."
883,brain tumour,39472972,A tumorigenicity evaluation platform for cell therapies based on brain organoids.,"Tumorigenicity represents a critical challenge in stem cell-based therapies requiring rigorous monitoring. Conventional approaches for tumorigenicity evaluation are based on animal models and have numerous limitations. Brain organoids, which recapitulate the structural and functional complexity of the human brain, have been widely used in neuroscience research. However, the capacity of brain organoids for tumorigenicity evaluation needs to be further elucidated."
884,brain tumour,39472956,The apparent diffusion coefficient can serve as a predictor of survival in patients with gliomas.,Magnetic resonance imaging is indispensable for the preoperative diagnosis of glioma. This study aimed to investigate the role of the apparent diffusion coefficient values as predictors of survival in patients with gliomas.
885,brain tumour,39472942,Priority-Elastic net for binary disease outcome prediction based on multi-omics data.,"High-dimensional omics data integration has emerged as a prominent avenue within the healthcare industry, presenting substantial potential to improve predictive models. However, the data integration process faces several challenges, including data heterogeneity, priority sequence in which data blocks are prioritized for rendering predictive information contained in multiple blocks, assessing the flow of information from one omics level to the other and multicollinearity."
886,brain tumour,39472707,"Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for patients with brainstem cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs): an international, multicentric study.","Brainstem cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are clinically more aggressive compared to superficial CCMs. Due to their location, resection can be challenging, making stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) an attractive alternative for symptomatic patient. Brainstem CCM patients (n = 170) were treated with Gamma Knife SRS at 11 radiosurgical centers. Hemorrhagic risk reduction, risk factors of post-SRS hemorrhage, and clinical outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Most patients had a single (165/170 patients) brainstem CCMs treated; the majority of CCMs (165/181) presented with bleeding. Single-session SRS decreased the risk of repeat hemorrhage in patients with hemorrhagic brainstem CCM (HR: 0.17, p < 0.001) using recurrent multivariate analysis. The annual hemorrhage rate decreased from 14.8 per 100 CCM-years before SRS to 2.3 after treatment. Using univariate Cox-analysis, the probability of a new hemorrhages after SRS was reduced for patient older than 35 years (HR = 0.21, p = 0.002) and increased with a margin dose > 13 Gy (HR = 2.57, p = 0.044). Adverse radiation effect (ARE) occurred in 9 patients (5.3%) and was symptomatic in four (2.4%). At a median follow-up of 3.4 years (Inter-quartile range: 5.4), 13 patients (8.0%) had a worsened clinical status, with the treated CCM being the cause in 5.6% (10) of the patients. Single-session SRS decreased the risk of repeat hemorrhage in patients with hemorrhagic brainstem CCM and conveyed this benefit with a low risk of advrse radiation effects (ARE) and worsening clinical status."
887,brain tumour,39472694,Gene-based burden tests of rare germline variants identify six cancer susceptibility genes.,"Discovery of cancer risk variants in the sequence of the germline genome can shed light on carcinogenesis. Here we describe gene burden association analyses, aggregating rare missense and loss of function variants, at 22 cancer sites, including 130,991 cancer cases and 733,486 controls from Iceland, Norway and the United Kingdom. We identified four genes associated with increased cancer risk; the pro-apoptotic BIK for prostate cancer, the autophagy involved ATG12 for colorectal cancer, TG for thyroid cancer and CMTR2 for both lung cancer and cutaneous melanoma. Further, we found genes with rare variants that associate with decreased risk of cancer; AURKB for any cancer, irrespective of site, and PPP1R15A for breast cancer, suggesting that inhibition of PPP1R15A may be a preventive strategy for breast cancer. Our findings pinpoint several new cancer risk genes and emphasize autophagy, apoptosis and cell stress response as a focus point for developing new therapeutics."
888,brain tumour,39472601,A method for in silico exploration of potential glioblastoma multiforme attractors using single-cell RNA sequencing.,"We presented a method to find potential cancer attractors using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. We tested our method in a Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) dataset, an aggressive brain tumor presenting high heterogeneity. Using the cancer attractor concept, we argued that the GBM's underlying dynamics could partially explain the observed heterogeneity, with the dataset covering a representative region around the attractor. Exploratory data analysis revealed promising GBM's cellular clusters within a 3-dimensional marker space. We approximated the clusters' centroid as stable states and each cluster covariance matrix as defining confidence regions. To investigate the presence of attractors inside the confidence regions, we constructed a GBM gene regulatory network, defined a model for the dynamics, and prepared a framework for parameter estimation. An exploration of hyperparameter space allowed us to sample time series intending to simulate myriad variations of the tumor microenvironment. We obtained different densities of stable states across gene expression space and parameters displaying multistability across different clusters. Although we used our methodological approach in studying GBM, we would like to highlight its generality to other types of cancer. Therefore, this report contributes to an advance in the simulation of cancer dynamics and opens avenues to investigate potential therapeutic targets."
889,brain tumour,39472584,Inhibiting EZH2 targets atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor by triggering viral mimicry via both RNA and DNA sensing pathways.,"Inactivating mutations in SMARCB1 confer an oncogenic dependency on EZH2 in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs), but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. We found that the sensitivity of ATRTs to EZH2 inhibition (EZH2i) is associated with the viral mimicry response. Unlike other epigenetic therapies targeting transcriptional repressors, EZH2i-induced viral mimicry is not triggered by cryptic transcription of endogenous retroelements, but rather mediated by increased expression of genes enriched for intronic inverted-repeat Alu (IR-Alu) elements. Interestingly, interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) are highly enriched for dsRNA-forming intronic IR-Alu elements, suggesting a feedforward loop whereby these activated ISGs may reinforce dsRNA formation and viral mimicry. EZH2i also upregulates the expression of full-length LINE-1s, leading to genomic instability and cGAS/STING signaling in a process dependent on reverse transcriptase activity. Co-depletion of dsRNA sensing and cytoplasmic DNA sensing completely rescues the viral mimicry response to EZH2i in SMARCB1-deficient tumors."
890,brain tumour,39472515,Enhancing multiclass brain tumor diagnosis using SVM and innovative feature extraction techniques.,"In the field of medical imaging, accurately classifying brain tumors remains a significant challenge because of the visual similarities among different tumor types. This research addresses the challenge of multiclass categorization by employing Support Vector Machine (SVM) as the core classification algorithm and analyzing its performance in conjunction with feature extraction techniques such as Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP), as well as the dimensionality reduction technique, Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The study utilizes a dataset sourced from Kaggle, comprising MRI images classified into four classes, with images captured from various anatomical planes. Initially, the SVM model alone attained an accuracy(acc_val) of 86.57% on unseen test data, establishing a baseline for performance. To enhance this, PCA was incorporated for dimensionality reduction, which improved the acc_val to 94.20%, demonstrating the effectiveness of reducing feature dimensionality in mitigating overfitting and enhancing model generalization. Further performance gains were realized by applying feature extraction techniques-HOG and LBP-in conjunction with SVM, resulting in an acc_val of 95.95%. The most substantial improvement was observed when combining SVM with both HOG, LBP, and PCA, achieving an impressive acc_val of 96.03%, along with an F1 score(F1_val) of 96.00%, precision(prec_val) of 96.02%, and recall(rec_val) of 96.03%. This approach will not only improves categorization performance but also improves efficacy of computation, making it a robust and effective method for multiclass brain tumor prediction."
891,brain tumour,39472368,Individual-level metabolic connectivity from dynamic [,"This study evaluates the potential of within-individual Metabolic Connectivity (wi-MC), from dynamic ["
892,brain tumour,39472237,The UPRising connection between endoplasmic reticulum stress and the tumor microenvironment.,"The tumor microenvironment (TME) represents a dynamic network of cancer cells, stromal cells, immune mediators, and extracellular matrix components, crucial for cancer progression. Stress conditions such as oncogene activation, nutrient deprivation, and hypoxia disrupt the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), activating the unfolded protein response (UPR), the main adaptive mechanism to restore ER function. The UPR regulates cancer progression by engaging cell-autonomous and cell-non-autonomous mechanisms, reprogramming the stroma and promoting immune evasion, angiogenesis, and invasion. This review explores the role of UPR beyond cancer cells, focusing on how ER stress signaling reshapes the TME, supporting tumor growth. The therapeutic potential of targeting the UPR is also discussed."
893,brain tumour,39471898,The roles of extracellular vesicles in gliomas: Challenge or opportunity?,"Gliomas are increasingly becoming a major disease affecting human health, and current treatments are not as effective as expected. Deeper insights into glioma heterogeneity and the search for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies appear to be urgent. Gliomas adapt to their surroundings and form a supportive tumor microenvironment (TME). Glioma cells will communicate with the surrounding cells through extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying bioactive substances such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids which is related to the modification to various metabolic pathways and regulation of biological behaviors, and this regulation can be bidirectional, widely existing between cells in the TME, constituting a complex network of interactions. This complex regulation can affect glioma therapy, leading to different types of resistance. Because of the feasibility of EVs isolation in various body fluids, they have a promising usage in the diagnosis and monitoring of gliomas. At the same time, the nature of EVs to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) confers potential for their use as drug delivery systems. In this review, we will focus on the roles and functions of EVs derived from different cellular origins in the glioma microenvironment and the intercellular regulatory networks, and explore possible clinical applications in glioma diagnosis and precision therapy."
894,brain tumour,39471897,Wnt signaling in the tumor microenvironment: A driver of brain tumor dynamics.,"The Wnt signaling pathway is important for cell growth and development in the central nervous system and its associated vasculature. Thus, it is an interesting factor for establishing anti-brain cancer therapy. However, simply inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway in patients with brain tumors is not an effective anti-cancer therapy. Due to their complex microenvironment, which comprises various cell types and signaling molecules, brain tumors pose significant challenges. It is important to understand the interplay between tumor cells and the microenvironment for developing effective therapeutic strategies for both benign and malignant brain tumors. Thus, this research focused on the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in brain tumor progression, particularly the involvement of Wnt-dependent signaling pathways. The brain parenchyma comprises neurons, glia, endothelial cells, and other extracellular matrix elements that can contribute to the TME. The TME components can secrete Wnt ligands or associated molecules, resulting in the aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, followed by tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, it is essential to understand the intricate crosstalk between the Wnt signaling pathway and the TME in developing targeted therapies. This review aimed to elucidate the complexities of the brain TME and its interactions with the Wnt signaling pathways to improve treatment outcomes and our understanding of brain tumor biology."
895,brain tumour,39471811,Potent and broad HIV-1 neutralization in fusion peptide-primed SHIV-infected macaques.,"An antibody-based HIV-1 vaccine will require the induction of potent cross-reactive HIV-1-neutralizing responses. To demonstrate feasibility toward this goal, we combined vaccination targeting the fusion-peptide site of vulnerability with infection by simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV). In four macaques with vaccine-induced neutralizing responses, SHIV infection boosted plasma neutralization to 45%-77% breadth (geometric mean 50% inhibitory dilution [ID"
896,brain tumour,39471026,Cancer Chemotherapeutic Effect of Vernonia Amygdalina Delile on Glioblastoma Brain Cancer Cell.,This study is targeted at assessing the chemotherapy factor of the ethanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina Delile (VAD).
897,brain tumour,39471023,Efficacy and Tolerance of First-Line Afatinib in Elderly NSCLC Patients with EGFR Mutations in Vietnam: A Multicenter Real-World Study.,"Afatinib, a second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) tyrosine kinase, has proven effective for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutations through randomized controlled trials and real-world studies. Elderly patients exhibit unique characteristics in terms of physical condition and comorbidities, leading to differences in clinical practice for selecting the initial dosage and making dose adjustments compared to younger patients. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and adverse effects of first-line Afatinib treatment in elderly patients with NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations in Vietnam in a real-world context."
898,brain tumour,39470986,Parallel-way: Multi-modality-based brain tumor segmentation using parallel capsule network.,"Brain tumors present a formidable diagnostic challenge due to their aberrant cell growth. Accurate determination of tumor location and size is paramount for effective diagnosis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) are pivotal tools in clinical diagnosis, yet tumor segmentation within their images remains challenging, particularly at boundary pixels, owing to limited sensitivity. Recent endeavors have introduced fusion-based strategies to refine segmentation accuracy, yet these methods often prove inadequate. In response, we introduce the Parallel-Way framework to surmount these obstacles. Our approach integrates MRI and PET data for a holistic analysis. Initially, we enhance image quality by employing noise reduction, bias field correction, and adaptive thresholding, leveraging Improved Kalman Filter (IKF), Expectation Maximization (EM), and Improved Vibe Algorithm (IVib), respectively. Subsequently, we conduct multi-modality image fusion through the Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTWCT) to amalgamate data from both modalities. Following fusion, we extract pertinent features using the Advanced Capsule Network (ACN) and reduce feature dimensionality via Multi-objective Diverse Evolution-based selection. Tumor segmentation is then executed utilizing the Twin Vision Transformer with dual attention mechanism. Implemented our Parallel-Way framework which exhibits heightened model performance. Evaluation across multiple metrics, including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1-Score, and AUC, underscores its superiority over existing methodologies."
899,brain tumour,39470962,Targeting the undruggable in glioblastoma using nano-based intracellular drug delivery.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly prevalent and aggressive brain tumor in adults with limited treatment response, leading to a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. Standard therapies, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, often fall short due to the tumor's location, hypoxic conditions, and the challenge of complete removal. Moreover, brain metastases from cancers such as breast and melanoma carry similarly poor prognoses. Recent advancements in nanomedicine offer promising solutions for targeted GBM therapies, with nanoparticles (NPs) capable of delivering chemotherapy drugs or radiation sensitizers across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to specific tumor sites. Leveraging the enhanced permeability and retention effect, NPs can preferentially accumulate in tumor tissues, where compromised BBB regions enhance delivery efficiency. By modifying NP characteristics such as size, shape, and surface charge, researchers have improved circulation times and cellular uptake, enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Recent studies show that combining photothermal therapy with magnetic hyperthermia using AuNPs and magnetic NPs induces ROS-dependent apoptosis and immunogenic cell death providing dual-targeted, immune-activating approaches. This review discusses the latest NP-based drug delivery strategies, including gene therapy, receptor-mediated transport, and multi-modal approaches like photothermal-magnetic hyperthermia combinations, all aimed at optimizing therapeutic outcomes for GBM."
900,brain tumour,39470956,Optimization of image shoot timing for cerebral veins 3D-digital subtraction angiography by interventional angiography systems.,"3D-digital subtraction angiography (3D-DSA) is essential for understanding the anatomical structure of cerebral veins, crucial in brain tumor surgery. 3D-DSA produces three-dimensional images of veins by adjusting the X-ray delay time after contrast agent injection, but the delineation of veins varies with the delay in X-ray timing. Our study aimed to refine the delay time using time-enhancement curve (TEC) analysis from 2D-DSA conducted before 3D-DSA imaging. We retrospectively reviewed 26 meningioma patients who underwent cerebral angiography from March 2020 to August 2021. Using 2D-DSA, we analyzed arterial and venous TECs to determine the contrast agent's peak time and estimated the optimal imaging timing. Cases performed near this optimal time were in Group A, and others in Group B, with cerebral venous pixel values compared between them. TEC analysis identified peak times: internal carotid artery: 2.8 ± 0.7 s, middle cerebral artery (M4): 4.1 ± 0.9 s, superior sagittal sinus: 8.3 ± 1.1 s, sigmoid sinus: 9.5 ± 1.3 s, and venous structures near tumors: 7.3 ± 1.0 s. We observed several veins peaking immediately after arterial contrast passage, suggesting the optimal X-ray delay should incorporate the arterial contrast agent's transit time. Statistical analysis revealed that Group A, with imaging timed to reflect the contrast agent transit time, demonstrated significantly better contrast effects than Group B. The X-ray delay time for 3D-DSA imaging of cerebral veins can be optimized in angiography systems by incorporating the contrast agent transit time, calculated from TEC analysis of cerebral 2D-DSA images."
901,brain tumour,39470866,GHRH and its analogues in central nervous system diseases.,"Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is primarily produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH) in the anterior pituitary gland, which subsequently regulates the production of hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). GH and IGF-1 have potent effects on promoting cell proliferation, inhibiting cell apoptosis, as well as regulating cell metabolism. In central nerve system (CNS), GHRH/GH/IGF-1 promote brain development and growth, stimulate neuronal proliferation, and regulate neurotransmitter release, thereby participating in the regulation of various CNS physiological activities. In addition to hypothalamus-pituitary gland, GHRH and GHRH receptor (GHRH-R) are also expressed in other brain cells or tissues, such as endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) and tumor cells. Alternations in GHRH/GH/IGF-1 axis are associated with various CNS diseases, for example, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and emotional disorders manifest GHRH, GH or IGF-1 deficiency, and GH or IGF-1 supplementation exerts beneficial therapeutic effects on these diseases. CNS tumors, such as glioma, can express GHRH and GHRH-R, and activating this signaling pathway promotes tumor cell growth. The synthesized GHRH antagonists have shown to inhibit glioma cell growth and may hold promising as an adjuvant therapy for treating glioma. In addition, we have shown that GHRH agonist MR-409 can improve neurological sequelae after ischemic stroke by activating extrapituitary GHRH-R signaling and promoting endogenous NSCs-derived neuronal regeneration. This article reviews the involvement of GHRH/GH/IGF-1 in CNS diseases, and potential roles of GHRH agonists and antagonists in treating CNS diseases."
902,brain tumour,39470775,Primary orbital and adnexal rhabdomyosarcoma: a study of 54 Asian Indian patients.,"To describe the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of orbital and adnexal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in an Asian-Indian cohort and analyze the factors predictive of outcomes."
903,brain tumour,39470722,BRIVA-ONE study: 12-month outcomes of brivaracetam monotherapy in clinical practice.,This study investigated the effectiveness and tolerability of brivaracetam (BRV) monotherapy in a large series of patients with epilepsy.
904,brain tumour,39470579,Exploring the prognostic value and potential therapeutic strategies of MS4A6A in glioblastoma: A comprehensive analysis of single-cell and multi-omics data.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and treatment-resistant malignancy that poses a significant challenge in modern medicine. Despite advances in surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, complete eradication of GBM remains elusive due to its diffuse invasion into the brain parenchyma and propensity for recurrence. The tumour microenvironment (TME), particularly macrophages, has emerged as a critical player in GBM progression, invasion and metastasis. In the immune microenvironment of glioma, MS4A6A exhibits unique expression characteristics in macrophages. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of MS4A6A, a gene associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases, in GBM and its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target."
905,brain tumour,39470407,EVA1-Antibody Drug Conjugate is a new therapeutic strategy for eliminating glioblastoma-initiating cells.,"The discovery of glioblastoma (GBM)-initiating cells (GICs) has impacted GBM research. These cells are not only tumorigenic, but also exhibit resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, it is crucial to characterize GICs thoroughly and identify new therapeutic targets. In a previous study, we successfully identified Epithelial V-like antigen 1 (EVA1) as a novel functional factor specific to GICs."
906,brain tumour,39470381,Imaging PD-L1 in the brain-Journey from the lab to the clinic.,"Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) have proven to restore adaptive anti-tumor immunity in many cancers; however, no noteworthy therapeutic schedule has been established for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). High programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is associated with immunosuppressive and aggressive phenotypes in GBM. Presently, there is no standardized protocol for assessing PD-L1 expression levels to select patients and monitor their response to ICPI therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of 89Zr-DFO-Atezolizumab to image the spatio-temporal distribution of PD-L1 in preclinical mouse models and in patients with newly diagnosed GBM treated with/without neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab."
907,brain tumour,39470189,"Gut and oral microbial compositional differences in women with breast cancer, women with ductal carcinoma ","This study characterized and compared the fecal and oral microbiota from women with early-stage breast cancer (BC), women with ductal carcinoma "
908,brain tumour,39469896,Neural Influences on Tumor Progression Within the Central Nervous System.,"For decades, researchers have studied how brain tumors, the immune system, and drugs interact. With the advances in cancer neuroscience, which centers on defining and therapeutically targeting nervous system-cancer interactions, both within the local tumor microenvironment (TME) and on a systemic level, the subtle relationship between neurons and tumors in the central nervous system (CNS) has been deeply studied. Neurons, as the executors of brain functional activities, have been shown to significantly influence the emergence and development of brain tumors, including both primary and metastatic tumors. They engage with tumor cells via chemical or electrical synapses, directly regulating tumors or via intricate coupling networks, and also contribute to the TME through paracrine signaling, secreting proteins that exert regulatory effects. For instance, in a study involving a mouse model of glioblastoma, the authors observed a 42% increase in tumor volume when neuronal activity was stimulated, compared to controls (p < 0.01), indicating a direct correlation between neural activity and tumor growth. These thought-provoking results offer promising new strategies for brain tumor therapies, highlighting the potential of neuronal modulation to curb tumor progression. Future strategies may focus on developing drugs to inhibit or neutralize proteins and other bioactive substances secreted by neurons, break synaptic connections and interactions between infiltrating cells and tumor cells, as well as disrupt electrical coupling within glioma cell networks. By harnessing the insights gained from this research, we aspire to usher in a new era of brain tumor therapies that are both more potent and precise."
909,brain tumour,39469854,The challenges and clinical landscape of glioblastoma immunotherapy.,"Glioblastoma is associated with a dismal prognosis with the standard of care involving surgery, radiation therapy and temozolomide chemotherapy. This review investigates the features that make glioblastoma difficult to treat and the results of glioblastoma immunotherapy clinical trials so far. There have been over a hundred clinical trials involving immunotherapy in glioblastoma. We report the survival-related outcomes of every Phase III glioblastoma immunotherapy trial with online published results we could find at the time of writing. To date, the DCVax-L vaccine is the only immunotherapy shown to have statistically significant increased median survival compared with standard-of-care in a Phase III trial: 19.3 months versus 16.5 months. However, this trial used an external control group to compare with the intervention which limits its quality of evidence. In conclusion, glioblastoma immunotherapy requires further investigation to determine its significance in improving disease survival."
910,brain tumour,39469803,Historical Control Background Incidence of Spontaneous Nonneoplastic Lesions of Sprague Dawley Rats in 104-Week Carcinogenicity Studies.,"Microscopic observation data collected from approximately 1800 male and female Sprague Dawley (SD) control rats used on 104-week carcinogenicity studies performed at North American Labcorp Early Development, Inc, Madison, WI, were retrospectively evaluated for spontaneous nonneoplastic findings. This study provides incidence of the most common spontaneous nonneoplastic microscopic findings in each organ system of SD rats encountered during 104-week carcinogenicity studies. Some of the most common spontaneous background findings were cardiomyopathy; chronic progressive nephropathy; uterine cystic endometrial hyperplasia; prostate inflammation; pulmonary alveolar macrophage infiltrates; hepatocyte vacuolation, bile duct hyperplasia, and basophilic foci in the liver; pancreatic fibrosis; splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis and pigment; decreased lymphocytes and epithelial hyperplasia in the thymus; ventral brain compression; cystic degeneration and hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex; and mammary gland hyperplasia. The most common nonneoplastic findings in male SD rats were chronic progressive nephropathy (80.9%) and rodent progressive cardiomyopathy (73.2%). The most common nonnenoplastic findings in female SD rats were cystic degeneration of the adrenal cortex (64.7%) and ventral compression of the brain due to pituitary neoplasms (62.7%)."
911,brain tumour,39469707,Second-line monotherapy with a PD-1/CTLA-4 inhibitor effectively treated multiple brain and lung metastases of cervical cancer: a case report.,"Brain metastasis (BM) from cervical cancer (CC) is extremely rare. The prognosis of BM is poor. To our knowledge, no satisfactory therapeutic and standard effective treatments have been established. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment is emerging as a promising treatment in recurrence and metastasis(B/M) cervical cancer in recent years."
912,brain tumour,39469636,Differentiation between high-grade gliomas and solitary brain metastases based on multidiffusion MRI model quantitative analysis.,"Differentiating high-grade gliomas (HGGs) from solitary brain metastases (SBMs) using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains challenging due to their similar imaging features. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of advanced diffusion models, such as neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) and mean apparent propagator magnetic resonance imaging (MAP-MRI), incomparison to traditional techniques like diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) for distinguishing HGGs from SBMs."
913,brain tumour,39469450,The Cervical and Meningeal Lymphatic Network as a Pathway for Retrograde Nanoparticle Transport to the Brain.,"The meningeal lymphatic vessels have been described as a pathway that transports cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid in a unidirectional manner towards the deep cervical lymph nodes. However, these vessels exhibit anatomical and molecular characteristics typical of initial lymphatic vessels, with the absence of surrounding smooth muscle and few or absent valves. Given its structure, this network could theoretically allow for bidirectional motion. Nevertheless, it has not been assessed as a potential route for nanoparticles to travel from peripheral tissues to the brain."
914,brain tumour,39469113,PD-1 inhibitor sintilimab treated patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.,"Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly challenging subtype due to a unique tumor microenvironment. Several evidence (IMpassion130 trial and KEYNOTE-355 trial) supported the therapeutic effect of the immune checkpoint inhibitor in TNBC. However, the efficacy and safety of the PD-1 inhibitor sintilimab in breast cancer (BC) has not been well-investigated. So the real-world data on sintilimab-treated patients with metastatic BC were collected and analyzed in this study."
915,brain tumour,39468721,Sleep disorders associated with cranial radiation - a systematic review.,"Radiation is standard-of-care treatment for primary brain tumors but may have profound effects on sleep that have not yet been fully characterized. This systematic review aims to further our understanding of radiation therapy on risk of development of sleep disorders in patients with primary brain tumors (PBTs), as well as potential opportunities for prevention and treatment."
916,brain tumour,39468708,Integrated analysis of bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the impact of nicotinamide and tryptophan metabolism on glioma prognosis and immunotherapy sensitivity.,"Nicotinamide and tryptophan metabolism play important roles in regulating tumor synthesis metabolism and signal transduction functions. However, their comprehensive impact on the prognosis and the tumor immune microenvironment of glioma is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of nicotinamide and tryptophan metabolism with prognosis and immune status of gliomas and to develop relevant models for predicting prognosis and sensitivity to immunotherapy in gliomas."
917,brain tumour,39468647,Glioma immune microenvironment composition calculator (GIMiCC): a method of estimating the proportions of eighteen cell types from DNA methylation microarray data.,"A scalable platform for cell typing in the glioma microenvironment can improve tumor subtyping and immune landscape detection as successful immunotherapy strategies continue to be sought and evaluated. DNA methylation (DNAm) biomarkers for molecular classification of tumor subtypes have been developed for clinical use. However, tools that predict the cellular landscape of the tumor are not well-defined or readily available. We developed the Glioma Immune Microenvironment Composition Calculator (GIMiCC), an approach for deconvolution of cell types in gliomas using DNAm data. Using data from 17 isolated cell types, we describe the derivation of the deconvolution libraries in the biological context of selected genomic regions and validate deconvolution results using independent datasets. We utilize GIMiCC to illustrate that DNAm-based estimates of immune composition are clinically relevant and scalable for potential clinical implementation. In addition, we utilize GIMiCC to identify composition-independent DNAm alterations that are associated with high immune infiltration. Our future work aims to optimize GIMiCC and advance the clinical evaluation of glioma."
918,brain tumour,39468583,The role of TRAP1 in regulating mitochondrial dynamics during acute hypoxia-induced brain injury.,"Brain damage caused by acute hypoxia is associated with the physiological activities of mitochondria. Although mitochondria being dynamically regulated, our comprehensive understanding of the response of specific brain cell types to acute hypoxia remains ambiguous. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1), a mitochondrial-based molecular chaperone, plays a role in controlling mitochondrial movements. Herein, we demonstrated that acute hypoxia significantly alters mitochondria morphology and functionality in both in vivo and in vitro brain injury experiments. Summary-data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) analyses revealed possible causative links between mitochondria-related genes and hypoxia injury. Advancing the protein-protein interaction network and molecular docking further elucidated the associations between TRAP1 and mitochondrial dynamics. Furthermore, it was shown that TRAP1 knockdown levels variably affected the expression of key mitochondrial dynamics proteins (DRP1, FIS1, and MFN1/2) in primary hippocampal neurons, astrocytes, and BV-2 cell, leading to changes in mitochondrial structure and function. Understanding the function of TRAP1 in altering mitochondrial physiological activity during hypoxia-induced acute brain injury could help serve as a potential therapeutic target to mitigate neurological damage."
919,brain tumour,39468312,Baicalein inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in brain glioma cells by downregulating the LGR4-EGFR pathway.,"Patients diagnosed with brain glioma have a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. LGR4 is overexpressed in brain glioma and involved in the tumorigenesis of many tumors. Baicalein (BAI) is a kind of flavonoid that has exhibited anti-tumor effects in various tumors. Nevertheless, the functions and associations of BAI and LGR4 in brain glioma remain unclear. In this study, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis and Human Protein Atlas databases were used to perform expression and survival analysis of LGR4 in brain glioma patients. Subsequently, the significance of LGR4-EGFR in brain glioma cells (HS683 and KNS89) and brain glioma animal models was explored by RNA interference and subcutaneous transplantation. Additionally, brain glioma cells were treated with BAI to explore the roles and mechanisms of BAI in brain glioma. The results showed that LGR4 was highly expressed in brain glioma and was related to a poor prognosis. LGR4 knockdown repressed the proliferation and EGFR phosphorylation but induced apoptosis in brain glioma cells. However, these effects were reversed by EGFR overexpression and CBL knockdown. In contrast, both in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that LGR4 overexpression facilitated brain glioma cell malignant behavior and promoted tumor development, but these effects were rescued by BAI and an EGFR inhibitor. Furthermore, si-LGR4 accelerated EGFR protein degradation, while oe-LGR4 exhibited the opposite effect. Without affecting normal cellular viability, BAI inhibited malignant behavior, interacted with LGR4, and blocked the LGR4-EGFR pathway for brain glioma cells. In conclusion, our data suggested that BAI inhibited brain glioma cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by downregulating the LGR4-EGFR pathway, which provides a novel strategy and potential therapeutic targets to treat brain glioma."
920,brain tumour,39468152,LncRNA BRE-AS1 regulates the JAK2/STAT3-mediated inflammatory activation via the miR-30b-5p/SOC3 axis in THP-1 cells.,"Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators in numerous biological processes, including macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses, which play a critical role in the progress of diverse diseases. This study focuses on the regulatory function of lncRNA brain and reproductive organ-expressed protein (BRE) antisense RNA 1 (BRE-AS1) in modulating the inflammatory activation of monocytes/macrophages. Employing the THP-1 cell line as a model, we demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment significantly upregulates BRE-AS1 expression. Notably, specific knockdown of BRE-AS1 via siRNA transfection enhances LPS-induced expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, while not affecting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. This selective augmentation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production coincides with increased phosphorylation of Janus kinase (JAK)2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3. Furthermore, BRE-AS1 suppression results in the downregulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3, an established inhibitor of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Bioinformatics analysis identified binding sites for miR-30b-5p on both BRE-AS1 and SOCS3 mRNA. Intervention with a miR-30b-5p inhibitor and a synthetic RNA fragment that represents the miR-30b-5p binding site on BRE-AS1 attenuates the pro-inflammatory effects of BRE-AS1 knockdown. Conversely, a miR-30b-5p mimic replicated the BRE-AS1 attenuation outcomes. Our findings elucidate the role of lncRNA BRE-AS1 in modulating inflammatory activation in THP-1 cells via the miR-30b-5p/SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, proposing that manipulation of macrophage BRE-AS1 activity may offer a novel therapeutic avenue in diseases characterized by macrophage-driven pathogenesis."
921,brain tumour,39468107,Brain tumor classification utilizing pixel distribution and spatial dependencies higher-order statistical measurements through explainable ML models.,"Brain tumors are among the most fatal and devastating diseases, and they often result in a significant reduction in life expectancy. The devising of treatment plans that can extend the lives of affected individuals hinges on an accurate diagnosis of these tumors. Identifying and analyzing large volumes of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data manually proves to be both challenging and time-consuming. As a result, there exists a pressing need for a reliable machine-learning approach to accurately diagnose brain tumors, and numerous methods have already been proposed over the last decade. In this paper, a novel, comprehensive approach is proposed for identifying and classifying a given MR brain image as abnormal. Three common brain diseases, namely glioma, meningioma, and pituitary tumor, are chosen as abnormal brains, and the Figshare MRI brain image dataset was collected from the Kaggle and IEEE websites. The proposed method is initiated by employing 1st-order statistics, 2nd-order statistics, and higher-order transformed (DWT) feature extraction to extract features from images. Then missing data is addressed and handled using KNNImputer, followed by the application of the ExtratreesClassifier and PCA feature selection methods to identify the most relevant features and reduce the dimensions of these features. Subsequently, the reduced features are submitted to seven machine learning models, namely RF, GB, CB, SVM, LGBM, DT, and LR. The strategy of k-fold cross-validation is utilized to enhance the performance of those models. Finally, the models are evaluated using XAI approaches, which ensure transparent decision-making processes and provide insights into the model's predictions. Remarkably, our approach achieves the highest accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, MCC, Kappa, AUC-ROC, and R2, as well as the lowest loss, among the seven models evaluated, proving its effectiveness and applicability in multiple analytic applications relying on publicly available datasets."
922,brain tumour,39467891,"Application of radiomics for diagnosis, subtyping, and prognostication of medulloblastomas: a systematic review.","Applications of radiomics for clinical management of medulloblastomas are expanding. This systematic review aims to aggregate and overview the current role of radiomics in the diagnosis, subtyping, and prognostication of medulloblastomas. The present systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE were searched using a standardized search term. Articles found within the database from the inception until November 2022 were considered for screening. Retrieved records were screened independently by two authors based on their titles and abstracts. The full text of selected articles was reviewed to finalize the eligibility. Due to the heterogeneity of included studies, no formal data synthesis was conducted. Of the 249 screened citations, 21 studies were included and analyzed. Radiomics demonstrated promising performance for discriminating medulloblastomas from other posterior fossa tumors, particularly ependymomas and pilocytic astrocytomas. It was also efficacious in determining the subtype (i.e., WNT+, SHH+, group 3, and group 4) of medulloblastomas non-invasively. Regarding prognostication, radiomics exhibited some ability to predict overall survival and progression-free survival of patients with medulloblastomas. Our systematic review revealed that radiomics represents a promising tool for diagnosis and prognostication of medulloblastomas. Further prospective research measuring the clinical value of radiomics in this setting is warranted."
923,brain tumour,39467853,The role of surgery in recurrent local cerebral metastases: a multi-institutional retrospective analysis.,"Local recurrent brain metastases are defined as lesions that recur in the brain at the same site after a previous local therapy. In patients already submitted to surgery, a second operation may be potentially challenging due to scar formation, infiltration of cerebral vessels or eloquent brain areas and local effect of previous radiotherapy. The aim of this study is to retrospectively review the results and complications of a second surgical treatment in a series of local recurrent lesions and to review the literature on this topic."
924,brain tumour,39467659,The First Report of Bickerstaff Brainstem Encephalitis Induced by Atezolizumab for Metastatic Breast Cancer.,"Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment, but they have been known to cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs) by promoting T-cell activation. Neurological irAEs are rare (1%) but have a high fatality rate (11.5%). Here we report the first case of Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE) induced by an ICI. A woman in her 60s with metastatic breast cancer was treated with atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel once intravenously. Eighteen days later, she lost consciousness with ophthalmoplegia and was diagnosed with a neurological irAE. She recovered consciousness immediately with the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) but suffered severe permanent peripheral neuropathy. Although it is just one case, this experience shows that BBE occurring as a neurological irAE of ICI cancer treatment may be associated with more severe outcomes than conventional BBE in metastatic cancer. Creating a system for multidisciplinary treatment is essential for ICI therapy."
925,brain tumour,39467632,Gene Expression Profiling Regulated by lncRNA H19 Using Bioinformatic Analyses in Glioma Cell Lines.,"Glioma, the most common type of primary brain tumor, is characterized by high malignancy, recurrence, and mortality. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 is a potential biomarker for glioma diagnosis and treatment due to its overexpression in human glioma tissues and its involvement in cell division and metastasis regulation. This study aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets involved in glioma development by analyzing gene expression profiles regulated by H19."
926,brain tumour,39467497,"Exploring cognitive Landscapes: Longitudinal Dynamics of left insula gliomas using neuropsychological inquiry, fMRI, and intra-resection real time neuropsychological testing.","We explored the functional outcome following awake surgery and Real-Time Neuropsychological Testing (RTNT) in the left insula. We carried out a longitudinal investigation by comparing the patients' language profile, and, in particular, the object-naming skills and the associated fMRI network, of pre-surgery and follow-up (i.e., a few months after surgery) in a group of 23 patients harboring a left-sided low grade glioma centered to the insulo-temporal area. Tumor resection, performed while continuously monitoring patients' performance by RNTN, was high (median = 92 %). From the neuropsychological viewpoint, almost all patients displayed preserved naming and language skills in general, both before surgery and at follow-up, when they recovered from a transient impairment recorded immediately after surgery. From the functional imaging viewpoint, the naming networks of the two assessment times were almost equivalent, with non-parametric analyses showing brain remodeling involving perilesional areas preoperatively and the contralesional, healthy, insula at follow-up. We discussed the anatomo-functional mechanisms that contributed to the preservation of the functional and cognitive pattern as observed in this longitudinal study, with a particular focus on the promising plasticity potential of the left insular area. In particular, we commented that, at least in our patient series and by applying an optimized surgical procedure, surgery in the insula was safe and generally contributed to the preservation of the language functions."
927,brain tumour,39467481,Airborne ultrafine particle concentrations and brain cancer incidence in Canada's two largest cities.,"Malignant brain tumours are rare, but are important to study because survival rates are low and few modifiable risk factors have been identified. Existing evidence suggests that outdoor ultrafine particles (UFPs; particulate matter < 100 nm; sometimes referred to as nanoparticles) can deposit in the brain and could encourage initiation and progression of cancerous tumours, but epidemiological data are limited."
928,brain tumour,39467324,An unusual case of aggressive endometrial adenocarcinoma metastasis to the clivus: illustrative case.,"Though endometrial carcinomas are a relatively common cancer of the female genitourinary tract, they rarely metastasize. Similarly, clival metastases make up a tiny fraction of all brain metastases. To the authors' knowledge, an endometrial carcinoma clival metastasis has never been described in the literature; therefore, the authors present the following unusual case of a 69-year-old female with a history of an initially grade 2 endometrial adenocarcinoma that metastasized to her clivus."
929,brain tumour,39467311,In toto resection of a rare intradural extramedullary cavernous malformation on the S1 nerve root: illustrative case.,"Cavernous malformations (CMs) are vascular malformations that usually occur in the brain and occasionally in the spine. Most CMs are sporadic, but they can also be caused by heterozygous cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) gene mutations. This case describes an intradural extramedullary CM in a unique location, within a fascicle of the S1 nerve root. This tumor was found to have a CCM2 mutation. An operative video demonstrates the surgical procedure used to remove this S1 intradural extramedullary CM."
930,brain tumour,39467209,The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Breast Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Systematic Review of Interventional Studies.,"Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer and the second cause of cancer-related death among women. Psychological treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have been used as an effective method in the treatment of depression and anxiety in BC patients, and their effectiveness has been approved in various studies."
931,brain tumour,39467029,Pathological tissue changes in brain tumors affect the pH-sensitivity of the T1-corrected apparent exchange dependent relaxation (AREX) of the amide protons.,Measuring the intracellular pH (pHi) is of interest for brain tumor diagnostics. Common metrics of CEST imaging like the amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) MTR
932,brain tumour,39466586,Survival Improvement of Stage IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in the Immunotherapy Era: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a US Population.,Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) greatly improved outcomes of stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in randomized clinical trials. Limited data exists regarding the survival improvement of ICI use at the population level.
933,brain tumour,39466560,Short-term sensorimotor training incorporating cognitive tasks for pediatric survivors of posterior fossa tumors: a pilot study.,"Posterior fossa tumors account for half of all childhood brain tumors, prompting the search for effective and affordable interventions to combat the neurocognitive and motor sequelae of the tumor and its treatment. The main aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and effects of sensorimotor training incorporating cognitive tasks for a group of pediatric survivors of posterior fossa tumors."
934,brain tumour,39466461,A patient with heterochronous double primary tumor of basal ganglia germ cell tumors followed by diffuse hemispheric glioma: a case report.,"Basal ganglia germ cell tumor (BGGCT) is a rare central nervous system (CNS) tumor. Diffuse hemispheric gliomas, H3 G34-mutant (DHGs) is an invasive glioma involving the cerebral hemispheres. The diagnosis of DHGs depends on the integration of histopathology and molecular pathology."
935,brain tumour,39465792,Identification of prognostic biomarkers related to retinoic acid metabolism in gliomas and analysis of their impact on the immune microenvironment.,"Glioma is a primary tumor of the central nervous system. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that retinoic acid (RA) signaling plays an important role in glioblastoma. This research aimed to develop a RA metabolism-related gene signature associated with glioma. The RA metabolism-related differentially expressed genes were obtained through differential analysis of RA metabolism-related genes in GSE4290. The univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis were adopted to build a RA metabolism-related glioma prognostic signature. We further conducted immune feature estimation and functional enrichment analysis between 2 risk subgroups. Finally, the potential drug-targeting prognostic genes were predicted through the DrugBank database. A sum of 10 RA metabolism-related differentially expressed genes between normal and tumor groups were identified. Then, a RA metabolism-related prognostic signature was built based on the 7 prognostic genes (ADH4, DHRS3, DHRS9, LRAT, RDH10, RDH12, and RDH5). Glioma patients were separated into 2 risk subgroups (low-risk vs high-risk) based on the median value of the risk score. We found that monocytes were negatively correlated with DHRS9, while activated naive CD4+T cell was positively correlated with RDH10. These prognostic genes participated in some immune-related processes, such as ""B cell-mediated immunity."" Finally, 4 drugs targeting DHRS3, LRAT, and RDH12 were predicted, including vitamin A, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, ethanol, and cyclohexylformamide. The prognostic signature comprised of ADH4, DHRS3, DHRS9, LRAT, RDH10, RDH12, and RDH5 based on RA metabolism was established, which provided a theoretical basis and reference value for the research of glioma."
936,brain tumour,39465756,Construction and validation of cell cycle-related prognostic genetic model for glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common primary malignant brain tumor and the prognosis of these patients remains poor. Therefore, further understanding of cell cycle-related molecular mechanisms of GBM and identification of appropriate prognostic markers and therapeutic targets are key research imperatives. Based on RNA-seq expression datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, prognosis-related biological processes in GBM were screened out. Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA), LASSO-COX, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis were performed for constructing a predictive prognostic model. A total of 58 cell cycle-related genes were identified by GSVA and analysis of differential expression between GBM and control samples. By univariate Cox and LASSO regression analyses, 8 genes were identified as prognostic biomarkers in GBM. A nomogram with superior performance to predict the survival of GBM patients was established regarding risk score, cancer status, recurrence type, and mRNAsi. This study revealed the prognostic value of cell cycle-related genes in GBM. In addition, we constructed a reliable model for predicting the prognosis of GBM patients. Our findings reinforce the relationship between cell cycle and GBM and may help improve the prognostic assessment of patients with GBM. Our predictive prognostic model, based on independent prognostic factors, enables tailored treatment strategies for GBM patients. It is particularly useful for subgroups with uncertain prognosis or treatment challenges."
937,brain tumour,39465699,Ascites production and prognosis after ventriculoperitoneal shunt for diffuse midline gliomas in children: A case series.,"DMG is a highly invasive and lethal type of brain tumor. As these tumors progress, they often compromise the CSF circulation, leading to hydrocephalus. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is commonly employed to manage hydrocephalus; however, the complication of VPS-induced ascites, particularly in the presence of tumor cells, is a significant concern that merits attention."
938,brain tumour,39465481,Practical immunomodulatory landscape of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) therapy.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common harmful high-grade brain tumor with high mortality and low survival rate. Importantly, besides routine diagnostic and therapeutic methods, modern and useful practical techniques are urgently needed for this serious malignancy. Correspondingly, the translational medicine focusing on genetic and epigenetic profiles of glioblastoma, as well as the immune framework and brain microenvironment, based on these challenging findings, indicates that key clinical interventions include immunotherapy, such as immunoassay, oncolytic viral therapy, and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy, which are of great importance in both diagnosis and therapy. Relatively, vaccine therapy reflects the untapped confidence to enhance GBM outcomes. Ongoing advances in immunotherapy, which utilizes different methods to regenerate or modify the resistant body for cancer therapy, have revealed serious results with many different problems and difficulties for patients. Safe checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cellular treatment, cellular and peptide antibodies, and other innovations give researchers an endless cluster of instruments to plan profoundly in personalized medicine and the potential for combination techniques. In this way, antibodies that block immune checkpoints, particularly those that target the program death 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 (PD-L1) ligand pathway, have improved prognosis in a wide range of diseases. However, its use in combination with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or monotherapy is ineffective in treating GBM. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the translational elements concentrating on the immunotherapeutic field of GBM alongside describing the molecular mechanism involved in GBM and related signaling pathways, presenting both historical perspectives and future directions underlying basic and clinical practice."
939,brain tumour,39465448,Functional and oncological outcomes following more than three consecutive surgical resections for multiple relapses of initially grade 2 IDH-mutated gliomas.,"Second and third surgeries were demonstrated as safe and efficient in recurrent diffuse low-grade glioma (LGG). Here, the feasibility of more than 3 resections is investigated."
940,brain tumour,39465412,Radiographic predictors of peritumoral brain edema in intracranial meningiomas: a review of current controversies and illustrative cases.,"Meningiomas are among the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system. In the past several decades, many researchers have emphasized the importance of radiographic findings and their possible role in predicting the various aspects of the meningioma biology. One of the factors most commonly analyzed with respect to the lesions' clinical behavior is peritumoral brain edema (PTBE), not only one of the most common signs associated with meningiomas, but also a significant clinical problem. Radiographic predictors of PTBE are usually noted as being the size of the tumor, its location, irregular margins, heterogeneity, and the peritumoral arachnoid plane with its pial vascular recruitment. Here, we review the available literature on the topic of these radiographic predictors of PTBE formation, we analyze the methodology of the research conducted, and we highlight the many controversies still present. Indeed, the evidence about PTBE pathogenesis, predictive factors, and clinical significance still seems to be mostly inconclusive, despite intense research in the area. We believe that by highlighting the many inconsistencies in the methodology used, we can showcase how little is actually known about the pathogenesis of PTBE, which in turn has important clinical implications. Additionally, we provide several MR images of intracranial meningiomas from our own practice which, we believe, showcase the unpredictable nature of PTBE, and demonstrate vividly the topics we discuss."
941,brain tumour,39465396,"Influence of brain metastases on the classification, treatment, and outcome of patients with extracranial oligometastasis: a single-center cross-sectional analysis.","Increasing evidence suggests that a subgroup of patients with oligometastatic cancer might achieve a prolonged disease-free survival through local therapy for all active cancer lesions. Our aims are to investigate the impact of brain metastases on the classification, treatment, and outcome in these patients."
942,brain tumour,39465234,Inflammatory Cytokines and Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Prodrome.,The aim of this study was to investigate the association between blood levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cognitive impairments among elderly individuals.
943,brain tumour,39465218,Development and epigenetic regulation of Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors in the context of cell-of-origin and halted cell differentiation.,"Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs) are aggressive brain tumors primarily observed in infants. The only characteristic, recurrent genetic aberration of AT/RTs is biallelic inactivation of SMARCB1 (or SMARCA4). These genes are members of the mSWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, which regulates various developmental processes, including neural differentiation. This review explores AT/RT subgroups regarding their distinct SMARCB1 loss-of-function mechanisms, molecular features, and patient characteristics. Additionally, it addresses the ongoing debate about the oncogenic relevance of cell-of-origin, examining the influence of developmental stage and lineage commitment of the seeding cell on tumor malignancy and other characteristics. Epigenetic dysregulation, particularly through the regulation of histone modifications and DNA hypermethylation, has been shown to play an integral role in AT/RTs' malignancy and differentiation blockage, maintaining cells in a poorly differentiated state via the insufficient activation of differentiation-related genes. Here, the differentiation blockage and its contribution to malignancy are also explored in a cellular context. Understanding these mechanisms and AT/RT heterogeneity is crucial for therapeutic improvements against AT/RTs."
944,brain tumour,39464917,Central diabetes insipidus: A rare primary manifestation of small-cell lung carcinoma.,"Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disorder of water hemostasis that is associated with polyuria-polydipsia syndrome. Central DI (CDI) primarily results from autoimmune destruction, traumatic injury, or anatomical damage caused by neoplasms. Craniopharyngioma, germinoma, and distant metastases are the main neoplastic causes, with pituitary adenomas rarely manifesting as CDI. Pituitary gland metastasis is rare, with the vast majority of cases being asymptomatic. We present a rare case of pituitary metastasis originating from small-cell carcinoma of the lung with CDI and skin swellings as the primary manifestation, without any evidence of the primary malignancy upon initial presentation. A 56-year-old chronic smoker with newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes mellitus presented with a history of polydipsia and polyuria along with soft tissue swellings in the axilla and the chest for the last 3 months. A water deprivation test and a desmopressin challenge test were performed, revealing the presence of CDI. In light of the CDI, a contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging brain was performed, which displayed a loss of pituitary bright spot and four T2 isointense lesions with post-contrast enhancement in the left frontal, parietal, occipital, and right temporal lobes, suggestive of metastatic lesions. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the swelling revealed cytomorphological characteristics indicating the presence of malignancy, specifically favoring carcinoma. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography thorax revealed a right hilar lung mass infiltrating the surrounding structures with multiple regional and distant metastases. A lung biopsy confirmed the presence of small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). The final diagnosis was advanced SCLC with multiple distant metastases associated with CDI, and the patient is currently receiving palliative care and inhalational desmopressin. In conclusion, metastatic lesions and lung cancer must be considered early when patients present with polydipsia and polyuria symptoms."
945,brain tumour,39464885,Case report: Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy with overlapping autoimmune syndrome.,"Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is a rare autoimmune disease, which is characterized by the immune system attacking astrocytes in the central nervous system, resulting in inflammation and damage to the nervous system. We reported a 41-year-old female patient with only drowsiness for 3 months, who was, otherwise, healthy with no other signs of meningoencephalitis or myelitis. There were no obvious abnormalities in her neurological and ophthalmic tests. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plain scan + enhancement with the gadolinium contrast agent revealed patchy hypointensity on T1-weighted imaging, hyperintensity on T2-weighted imaging, hyperintensity on T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery in the left basal ganglia, corona radiata, and local septum pellucida, with no enhancement in the enhanced lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed white blood cell count of 5.00 × 10"
946,brain tumour,39464760,Protecting vision with intraoperative visual evoked potentials and tractography in transcortical brain tumor surgery.,"Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is nowadays a gold standard during brain tumor resections, but visual function mapping is less frequently performed in clinical practice. This article aims to report two transcortical brain tumor surgery cases affecting optic radiation, where the application of intraoperative visual evoked potentials (VEP) combined with tractography was beneficial to protect the patients' vision."
947,brain tumour,39464448,Tackling Anticancer Drug Resistance and Endosomal Escape in Aggressive Brain Tumors Using Bioelectronics.,"Resistance mechanisms in brain tumors, such as medulloblastoma and glioblastoma, frequently involve the entrapment of chemotherapeutic agents within endosomes and the extracellular expulsion of drugs. These barriers to effective treatment are exacerbated in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, where therapeutic nanoparticles often remain confined within endosomes, thus diminishing their therapeutic efficacy. Addressing this challenge necessitates the development of novel strategies to enhance the efficiency of cancer therapies. This study tests the hypothesis that external electrical stimuli can modulate intracellular trafficking of chemotherapeutic drugs in common malignant brain tumors in children (medulloblastoma) and adults (glioblastoma) by using gold nanoparticles (GNPs). In our experiments, alternating current (AC) stimulation ranging from 1 kHz to 5 MHz and at a strength of 1 V/cm significantly reduced cell viability in drug-resistant medulloblastoma and enhanced delivery of GNPs in glioblastoma. Low-frequency AC resulted in a 50% increase in apoptosis compared to controls and an 8-fold increase in cell death in cisplatin-resistant medulloblastoma cells, accompanied by a substantial reduction in EC"
948,brain tumour,39464123,ZMYND11 Functions in Bimodal Regulation of Latent Genes and Brain-like Splicing to Safeguard Corticogenesis.,Despite the litany of pathogenic variants linked to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) including autism (ASD) and intellectual disability 
949,brain tumour,39463789,Case report: An autopsy report of patient with metastatic brain tumor and carcinomatous meningitis mimicking paraneoplastic neurological syndrome.,"Differential diagnosis of metastatic brain tumor, carcinomatous meningitis, and paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) can be challenging in atypical cases. When examining patient with increased T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensities in the temporal polar white matter, autoimmune encephalitis, including PNS, should be considered. Herein, we report the case of an 85-year-old man with carcinomatous meningitis due to lung large cell carcinoma. He showed disturbance of consciousness, abnormal behavior, incomprehensible speech, and apathy, which suggested brain dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed high intensities on the whole cerebellum on a diffusion-weighted image and bilateral T2 FLAIR hyperintensities in the temporal polar white matter. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and cytology showed elevated total protein levels, pleocytosis, and atypical cells with nuclear enlargement, hyperchromasia, and irregular shape. Autopsy revealed lung large cell carcinoma and its brain metastasis. Tumor cells were disseminated to the central nervous system along the subarachnoid space. Furthermore, plenty of carcinoma cells and peritumoral enlarged perivascular space were observed in the temporal poles. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bilateral T2 FLAIR hyperintensities in the temporal polar white matter caused by carcinomatous meningitis with pathological confirmation. In patient with carcinomatous meningitis, abnormal T2 FLAIR hyperintensities may not be derived from ischemia or tumor invasion to parenchyma."
950,brain tumour,39463607,An Autopsy Case of Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 With Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm.,"Here, we present an autopsy case of long-standing myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) in a patient who developed a pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). DM1 is a progressive genetic disorder that affects multiple organs, including the respiratory muscles. Several nationwide registry-based cohort studies have suggested that patients with DM1 have an increased risk of developing pancreatic cancers such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Pancreatic IPMNs are thought to progress from benign neoplasms to invasive cancers, and surgical specimens are usually required for the pathological diagnosis of pancreatic IPMNs. Although certain risk factors for developing pancreatic IPMNs reportedly overlap with those for PDAC, few cases of DM1 with pancreatic IPMNs have been reported. This is partly because pancreatectomy is associated with relatively high morbidity and mortality rates and few patients with DM1 who are suspected of having pancreatic IPMNs are candidates for surgical resection. Therefore, cases of DM1 with histopathologically diagnosed pancreatic IPMNs are rare, and the accumulation of such cases is important for understanding the association between DM1 and pancreatic IPMNs."
951,brain tumour,39463506,Preoperative Diagnosis of a Central Skull Base Giant Schwannoma From Tumoral Microhemorrhages Visualized on Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging.,"A 64-year-old female presented with extensive osseous erosion of the central skull base from a large tumor, which was evaluated with a combination of CT and MRI. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) aided the correct preoperative diagnosis of giant skull base schwannoma by demonstrating intratumoral microhemorrhages, later confirmed on histology. Other imaging features on CT and MRI were not helpful to identify the schwannoma in this case."
952,brain tumour,39463226,Synergistic Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Autocrine Motility Factor Peptide and Glycyrrhetinic Acid.,"Anti-cancer peptides are a powerful drug concept that induces cancer cell death through growth inhibition and membrane disruption, providing broad efficacy. The autocrine motility factor (AMF) interacts with the AMF receptor, regulating cancer cell motility, proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis through autocrine and paracrine pathways. However, studies verifying the synergistic effect of the combined use of anti-cancer drugs extracted from plants and AMF treatment are insufficient."
953,brain tumour,39462997,Malformin C preferentially kills glioblastoma stem-like cells via concerted induction of proteotoxic stress and autophagic flux blockade.,"Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor for which there is no cure. The dire prognosis of this disease is largely attributable to a high level of heterogeneity, including the presence of a subpopulation of tumor-initiating glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs), which are refractory to chemo- and radiotherapy. Here, in an unbiased marine-derived fungal extract screen, together with bioguided dereplication based on high-resolution mass spectrometry, we identified malformin C to preferentially induce cell death in patient-derived GSCs and explore the potential of this cyclic peptide as a therapeutic agent for glioblastoma. Malformin C significantly reduced tumor growth in an in vivo xenograft model of glioblastoma. Using transcriptomics and chemoproteomics, we found that malformin C binds to many proteins, leading to their aggregation, and rapidly induces the unfolded protein response, including autophagy, in GSCs. Crucially, chemical inhibition of translation using cycloheximide rescued malformin C-induced cell death in GSCs, demonstrating that the proteotoxic effect of the compound is necessary for its cytotoxicity. At the same time, malformin C appears to accumulate in lysosomes, disrupting autophagic flux, and driving cells to death. Supporting this, malformin C synergizes with chloroquine, an inhibitor of autophagy. Strikingly, we observed that autophagic flux is differentially regulated in GSCs compared with normal astrocytes. The sensitivity of GSCs to malformin C highlights the relevance of proteostasis and autophagy as a therapeutic vulnerability in glioblastoma."
954,brain tumour,30860697,Soft Tissue Clear Cell Sarcoma,"Clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue (CCSST) is an ultra-rare sarcoma originating from neural crest cells, first described by Enzinger in 1965. The neoplasm primarily affects young adults, often presenting as slowly enlarging masses in the extremities, particularly around tendons or aponeuroses. The average patient is 34, though cases range in those aged from 2 to 90 years. Due to its benign appearance, CCSST is sometimes misdiagnosed early on, but it is highly aggressive, with a 5-year survival rate of around 50%. Diagnosis involves a combination of imaging, physical examination, and histological analysis, with confirmation through genetic testing for specific translocations. Treatment typically requires wide surgical resection with negative margins, though local recurrence and metastasis are common. Radiation and chemotherapy have shown limited effectiveness, and recent studies are exploring targeted therapies and immunotherapies. CCSST frequently metastasizes to the lungs, lymph nodes, and bone, with other sites like the brain and abdominal organs also reported. Despite ongoing research, the prognosis remains poor, particularly for larger tumors and metastatic disease, with survival heavily dependent on early detection and tumor stage."
955,brain tumour,39462280,How important are fatty acids in human health and can they be used in treating diseases?,Most of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by 
956,brain tumour,39461989,Green-synthesis of silver nanoparticles AgNPs from Podocarpus macrophyllus for targeting GBM and LGG brain cancers via NOTCH2 gene interactions.,"Brain tumors, particularly Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) and Low-Grade Gliomas (LGG), present significant clinical challenges due to their aggressive nature and resistance to conventional treatments. Traditional therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are often limited in efficacy, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. Nanotechnology, particularly the use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), offers a targeted and potentially more effective approach. This study focuses on the green synthesis of Ag NPs using Podocarpus macrophyllus leaf extract as a reducing agent. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized for their physicochemical properties, demonstrating a controlled particle size of 13 nm as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy revealed that silver constituted approximately 90% of the nanoparticle composition. The Ag NPs exhibited promising biological activity, including 90% free radical scavenging (antioxidant) activity, 99.15% inhibition of protein denaturation (anti-inflammatory activity), and 90.56% inhibition of alpha-amylase (anti-diabetic activity). Additionally, the nanoparticles displayed significant anti-hemolytic (89.9% inhibition) and antimicrobial activities, with a 20 mm inhibition zone against Staphylococcus species. Computational analyses further indicated that the NOTCH2 gene, which is upregulated in LGG and GBM, may interact with Ag NPs, suggesting their potential in brain cancer therapy. The green synthesis approach offers a sustainable and bioactive method for producing Ag NPs, underscoring their therapeutic promise for treating GBM and LGG."
957,brain tumour,39461881,Inhibitory Fcγ receptor deletion enhances CD8 T cell stemness increasing anti-PD-1 therapy responsiveness against glioblastoma.,"Certain cancers present challenges for treatment because they are resistant to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), attributed to low tumor mutational burden and the absence of T cell-inflamed features. Among these, glioblastoma (GBM) is notoriously resistant to ICB. To overcome this resistance, the identification of T cells with heightened stemness marked by T-cell factor 1 (TCF1) expression has gained attention. Several studies have explored ways to preserve stem-like T cells and prevent terminal exhaustion. In this study, we investigate a target that triggers stem-like properties in CD8 T cells to enhance the response to ICB in a murine GBM model."
958,brain tumour,39461869,"Multiarm, non-randomised, single-centre feasibility study-investigation of the differential biology between benign and malignant renal masses using advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques (IBM-Renal): protocol.","Localised renal masses are an increasing burden on healthcare due to the rising number of cases. However, conventional imaging cannot reliably distinguish between benign and malignant renal masses, and renal mass biopsies are unable to characterise the entirety of the tumour due to sampling error, which may lead to delayed treatment or overtreatment. There is an unmet clinical need to develop novel imaging techniques to characterise renal masses more accurately. Renal tumours demonstrate characteristic metabolic reprogramming, and novel MRI methods have the potential to detect these metabolic perturbations, which may therefore aid accurate characterisation. Here, we present our study protocol for the investigation of the differential biology of benign and malignant renal masses using advanced MRI techniques (IBM-Renal)."
959,brain tumour,39461751,Emerging drug delivery systems to alter tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment: Overcoming the challenges in immunotherapy for glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly proliferative, lethal cancer of the brain. The median survival at eight months is ca. 6.8%. Resistance towards the anti-glioblastoma drug temozolomide (TMZ), recurrence of cancer cells, blood-tumor brain barrier (BTBB), blood-brain barrier (BBB), and tumor immunosuppression are major challenges in treating GBM. Drug delivery systems employing TMZ and other anti-cancer drugs and combination therapy (temozolomide with immunotherapeutics) are under pre-clinical and clinical studies, respectively. Immunotherapeutics have emerged as a dominant mechanism to silence tumor development and dissemination. Paradoxically, immunotherapy has witnessed failure in treating GBM. This is due to the unique immunosuppressive microenvironment in GBM. Future immunotherapeutics with inherent tumor environment-modulating properties have to be identified. In this review, we discuss recent delivery systems and devices engineered to deliver immunotherapeutics with the ability to alter/silence tumor immune suppression."
960,brain tumour,39461606,Investigating brain-gut microbiota dynamics and inflammatory processes in an autistic-like rat model using MRI biomarkers during childhood and adolescence.,"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social interaction deficits and repetitive behaviors. Recent research has linked that gut dysbiosis may contribute to ASD-like behaviors. However, the exact developmental time point at which gut microbiota alterations affect brain function and behavior in patients with ASD remains unclear. We hypothesized that ASD-related brain microstructural changes and gut dysbiosis induce metabolic dysregulation and proinflammatory responses, which collectively contribute to the social behavioral deficits observed in early childhood. We used an autistic-like rat model that was generated via prenatal valproic acid exposure. We analyzed brain microstructural changes using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and examined microbiota, blood, and fecal samples for inflammation biomarkers. The ASD model rats exhibited significant brain microstructural changes in the anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and thalamus; reduced microbiota diversity (Prevotellaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae); and altered metabolic signatures. The shift in microbiota diversity and density observed at postnatal day (PND) 35, which is a critical developmental period, underscored the importance of early ASD interventions. We identified a unique metabolic signature in the ASD model, with elevated formate and reduced acetate and butyrate levels, indicating a dysregulation in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism. Furthermore, increased astrocytic and microglial activation and elevated proinflammatory cytokines-interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-were observed, indicating immune dysregulation. This study provided insights into the complex interplay between the brain and the gut, and indicated DTI metrics as potential imaging-based biomarkers in ASD, thus emphasizing the need for early childhood interventions."
961,brain tumour,39461419,Efficacy and safety of bevacizumab combined with temozolomide in the treatment of glioma a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.,"Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor in neurosurgery. Bevacizumab (BEV) is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits tumors by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor and reducing tumor angiogenesis. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of BEV combined with temozolomide (TMZ) in glioma, we performed a meta-analysis."
962,brain tumour,39460871,MiR-124-3p inhibits cell stemness in glioblastoma via targeting EPHA2 through ALKBH5-mediated m6A modification.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of glioma, characterized by high mortality and poor prognosis. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) plays a critical role in the progression and metastasis of GBM. This study aimed to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of miR-124-3p in GBM. Levels of miR-124-3p, EPHA2, and ALKBH5 were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and stemness were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, Transwell, and sphere formation assays, respectively. Bioinformatics prediction, dual-luciferase reporter assays, and RNA pull-down experiments were employed to validate the target of miR-124-3p. RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (Me-RIP) were utilized to evaluate the regulation of miR-124-3p maturation by ALKBH5. The results indicated that overexpression of miR-124-3p inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and stemness of GBM cells. EPHA2 was identified as a direct downstream target of miR-124-3p, and its overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-124-3p on cellular functions. Furthermore, miR-124-3p targeted EPHA2 to inactivate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Additionally, ALKBH5 negatively regulated miR-124-3p by impeding its processing. In conclusion, knockdown of ALKBH5 promoted the processing of pri-miR-124-3p, increasing mature miR-124-3p levels, which inhibited the malignant behaviors of GBM cells by targeting EPHA2. These findings highlight the importance of the ALKBH5/miR-124-3p/EPHA2 axis in GBM."
963,brain tumour,39460795,Differential regulation of Shh-Gli1 cell signalling pathway on homeodomain transcription factors Nkx2.2 and Pax6 during the medulloblastoma genesis.,"Medulloblastoma is a pediatric malignant brain tumor associated with an aberrantly activated Shh pathway. The Shh pathway acts via downstream effector molecules, including Pax6 and Nkx2.2. Transcription factor Nkx2.2 plays crucial roles during early embryonic patterning and development. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of transcription factor Nkx2.2 in medulloblastoma development."
964,brain tumour,39460563,"Motor, mood, and memory impairments persist during remission periods in chronic colitis and are influenced by neuroinflammation and sex.","Ulcerative colitis is a chronic pathology characterized by relapsing-remitting phases of intestinal inflammation. Additionally, some patients develop neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety, or cognitive deficits. We aimed to investigate whether the development of chronic colitis elicits memory, locomotion, and mood impairments. It further examined whether these impairments are influenced by the relapsing-remitting phases of the colitis or by sex. Here, we used a chronic colitis model in male and female rats, induced with sodium dextran sulfate, mirroring the phases of human ulcerative colitis. Our results revealed that the severity of colitis was slightly higher in males than females. Chronic colitis triggered motor and short-term memory deficits and induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors that remained throughout the development of the disease. There are also sex differences under control or inflammatory conditions. Therefore, in both situations, females compared to males displayed: (i) slightly lower locomotion, (ii) increased anxiety-like behaviors, (iii) similar depression-like behaviors, and (iv) similar short-term memory deficit. Additionally, under control conditions, the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were higher in the female hippocampus. In both sexes, when chronic colitis was established, the neuroinflammation was evidenced by increased mRNA levels of these three cytokines in the hippocampus and in the motor and prefrontal cortices. Interestingly, this neuroinflammation was slightly greater in males. In summary, we show that the development of chronic colitis caused persistent behavioral abnormalities, highlighting sex differences, and that could be a consequence, at least in part, of the increase in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the brain."
965,brain tumour,39459612,Unlocking the Potential of Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers in Glioblastoma.,"Using microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential circulating biomarkers in diagnosing and treating glioblastoma (GBM) has garnered a lot of scientific and clinical impetus in the past decade. As an aggressive primary brain tumor, GBM poses challenges in early detection and effective treatment with significant current diagnostic constraints and limited therapeutic strategies. MiRNA dysregulation is present in GBM. The intricate involvement of miRNAs in altering cell proliferation, invasion, and immune escape makes them prospective candidates for identifying and monitoring GBM diagnosis and response to treatment. These miRNAs could play a dual role, acting as both potential diagnostic markers and targets for therapy. By modulating the activity of various oncogenic and tumor-suppressive proteins, miRNAs create opportunities for precision medicine and targeted therapies in GBM. This review centers on the critical role and function of circulating miRNA biomarkers in GBM diagnosis and treatment. It highlights their significance in providing insights into disease progression, aiding in early diagnosis, and potential use as targets for novel therapeutic interventions. Ultimately, the study of miRNA would contribute to improving patient outcomes in the challenging landscape of GBM management."
966,brain tumour,39459590,MRI-Based Machine Learning for Prediction of Clinical Outcomes in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma.,"A portion of individuals diagnosed with primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) may experience early relapse or refractory (R/R) disease following treatment. This research explored the potential of MRI-based radiomics in forecasting R/R cases in PCNSL. Forty-six patients with pathologically confirmed PCNSL diagnosed between January 2008 and December 2020 were included in this study. Only patients who underwent pretreatment brain MRIs and complete postoperative follow-up MRIs were included. Pretreatment contrast-enhanced T1WI, T2WI, and T2 FLAIR imaging were analyzed. A total of 107 radiomic features, including 14 shape-based, 18 first-order statistical, and 75 texture features, were extracted from each sequence. Predictive models were then built using five different machine learning algorithms to predict R/R in PCNSL. Of the included 46 PCNSL patients, 20 (20/46, 43.5%) patients were found to have R/R. In the R/R group, the median scores in predictive models such as support vector machine, k-nearest neighbors, linear discriminant analysis, naïve Bayes, and decision trees were significantly higher, while the apparent diffusion coefficient values were notably lower compared to those without R/R ("
967,brain tumour,39459475,Association of Schimmelpenning Syndrome with Astrocytoma (WHO Grade 3): Case Report.,"Schimmelpenning syndrome, or epidermal nevus syndrome, is a rare, neurocutaneous disorder characterized by skin abnormalities, such as epidermal nevi, and involvement of the central nervous system, including intracranial tumors. There are only a few reported cases of intracranial tumors associated with Schimmelpenning syndrome. In most cases, a single nucleotide mutation in the RAS family proto-oncogenes, like "
968,brain tumour,39459454,High-Grade Thalamic Glioma: Case Report with Literature Review.,"This case report delves into the case of a 56-year-old female patient presenting with progressive cephalalgia syndrome, nausea, vomiting, and gait disorders, diagnosed with a high-grade thalamic glioma. Glioma is the most common form of central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm that originates from glial cells. Gliomas are diffusely infiltrative tumors that affect the surrounding brain tissue. Glioblastoma is the most malignant type, while pilocytic astrocytomas are the least malignant brain tumors. In the past, these diffuse gliomas were classified into different subtypes and grades based on histopathologies such as a diffuse astrocytoma, oligodendrogliomas, or mixed gliomas/oligoastrocytomas. Currently, gliomas are classified based on molecular and genetic markers. After the gross total resection, a postoperative brain CT scan was conducted, which confirmed the quasi-complete resection of the tumor. The successful gross total resection of the tumor in this case, coupled with significant neurological improvement postoperatively, illustrates the potential benefits of aggressive surgical management for thalamic gliomas. This report advocates for further research to assess the efficacy of such interventions in malignant cases and to establish standardized treatment protocols, considering the heterogeneity in prognostic outcomes and the advancements in molecular diagnostics that offer deeper insights into glioma oncogenesis and progression."
969,brain tumour,39458936,Identification of Key Immune and Cell Cycle Modules and Prognostic Genes for Glioma Patients through Transcriptome Analysis.,"Gliomas, the most prevalent type of primary brain tumor, stand out as one of the most aggressive and lethal types of human cancer."
970,brain tumour,39458912,"A Selective Nuclear Factor-κB Inhibitor, JSH-23, Exhibits Antidepressant-like Effects and Reduces Brain Inflammation in Rats.",Accumulating evidence suggests that nuclear factor (NF)-κB is involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders.
971,brain tumour,39458643,A Human Brain-Chip for Modeling Brain Pathologies and Screening Blood-Brain Barrier Crossing Therapeutic Strategies.,
972,brain tumour,39458202,A New Tool for Extracting Static and Dynamic Parameters from [,
973,brain tumour,39458122,Estimating Progression-Free Survival in Patients with Primary High-Grade Glioma Using Machine Learning.,
974,brain tumour,39457700,Enhancing Brain Tumor Diagnosis with L-Net: A Novel Deep Learning Approach for MRI Image Segmentation and Classification.,
975,brain tumour,39457674,Current Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Intraoperative Neurosurgery.,"Neurosurgery demands exceptional precision due to the brain's complex and delicate structures, necessitating precise targeting of pathological targets. Achieving optimal outcomes depends on the surgeon's ability to accurately differentiate between healthy and pathological tissues during operations. Raman spectroscopy (RS) has emerged as a promising innovation, offering real-time, in vivo non-invasive biochemical tissue characterization. This literature review evaluates the current research on RS applications in intraoperative neurosurgery, emphasizing its potential to enhance surgical precision and patient outcomes."
976,brain tumour,39457124,Internalizing Symptoms and Their Impact on Patient-Reported Health-Related Quality of Life and Fatigue among Patients with Craniopharyngioma During Proton Radiation Therapy.,"The aim of this study was to describe fatigue, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and brain tumor-associated symptoms after surgical resection and during proton radiotherapy, using latent class analysis (LCA), and to determine if there is class membership change among pediatric patients with craniopharyngioma."
977,brain tumour,39457052,"Status Quo in the Liposome-Based Therapeutic Strategies Against Glioblastoma: ""Targeting the Tumor and Tumor Microenvironment"".","Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and fatal brain cancer, characterized by a high growth rate, invasiveness, and treatment resistance. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB) poses a challenging task for chemotherapeutics, resulting in low efficacy, bioavailability, and increased dose-associated side effects. Despite the rigorous treatment strategies, including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide, overall survival remains poor. The failure of current chemotherapeutics and other treatment regimens in glioblastoma necessitates the development of new drug delivery methodologies to precisely and efficiently target glioblastoma. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems offer a better therapeutic option in glioblastoma, considering their small size, ease of diffusion, and ability to cross the BBB. Liposomes are a specific category of nanoparticles made up of fatty acids. Furthermore, liposomes can be surface-modified to target a particular receptor and are nontoxic. This review discusses various methods of liposome modification for active/directed targeting and various liposome-based therapeutic approaches in the delivery of current chemotherapeutic drugs and nucleic acids in targeting the glioblastoma and tumor microenvironment."
978,brain tumour,39457050,"Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and Mechanistic Evaluation of Tetrahydrocurcumin-Amino Acid Conjugates as LAT1-Targeting Anticancer Agents in C6 Glioma Cells.","Glioblastoma, a fatal brain cancer with limited treatments and poor prognosis, could benefit from targeting the L-type amino acid transporter I (LAT1). LAT1 is essential for cancer cells to acquire necessary amino acids. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), a key curcumin derivative, shows potential for glioblastoma treatment. However, its effectiveness is hindered by poor physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Therefore, this study aims to improve the therapeutic efficacy of THC against glioblastoma by chemically modifying it to target LAT1. A novel series of THC-amino acid conjugates were synthesized by conjugating five amino acids: glycine, leucine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine to THC via carbamate bonds. The therapeutic efficacy of THC-amino acid conjugates was further examined in C6 glioma cells, including the role of LAT1 in their therapeutic effects. Among the conjugates tested, THC conjugated with two phenylalanines (THC-di-Phe) showed remarkably higher cytotoxicity against C6 glioma cells (35.8 μM) compared to THC alone (110.7 μM). THC-di-Phe induced cellular death via necrosis and apoptosis, outperforming THC. Additionally, THC-di-Phe inhibited C6 cell proliferation and migration more effectively than THC. Co-incubation of THC-di-Phe with the LAT1 inhibitor 2-Aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH) further increased cellular death. THC-di-Phe also significantly inhibited the P70SK/S6 pathway, regulated by LAT1 inhibitors, more effectively than THC and displayed a similar binding mode with both JX-075 and BCH to the active site of LAT1. Findings suggest the potential role of THC-di-Phe as a LAT1 inhibitor and provide novel insight into its use as a potent antitumor agent in glioma with increased therapeutic efficacy."
979,brain tumour,39457021,The Large GTPase Guanylate-Binding Protein-1 (GBP-1) Promotes Mitochondrial Fission in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastomas (aka Glioblastoma multiformes (GBMs)) are the most deadly of the adult brain tumors. Even with aggressive treatment, the prognosis is extremely poor. The large GTPase Guanylate-Binding Protein-1 (GBP-1) contributes to the poor prognosis of GBM by promoting migration and invasion. GBP-1 is substantially localized to the cytosolic side of the outer membrane of mitochondria in GBM cells. Because mitochondrial dynamics, particularly mitochondrial fission, can drive cell migration and invasion, the potential interactions between GBP-1 and mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) were explored. Drp1 is the major driver of mitochondrial fission. While GBP-1 and Drp1 both had punctate distributions within the cytoplasm and localized to regions of the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane of GBM cells, the proteins were only molecularly co-localized at the mitochondria. Subcellular fractionation showed that the presence of elevated GBP-1 promoted the movement of Drp1 from the cytosol to the mitochondria. The migration of U251 cells treated with the Drp1 inhibitor, Mdivi-1, was less inhibited in the cells with elevated GBP-1. Elevated GBP-1 in GBM cells resulted in shorter and wider mitochondria, most likely from mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission can drive several important cellular processes, including cell migration, invasion, and metastasis."
980,brain tumour,39457007,Adipose-Derived Stem Cells as Carrier of Pro-Apoptotic Oncolytic Myxoma Virus: To Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier and Treat Murine Glioma.,"Treatment of glioblastoma is ineffective. Myx-M011L-KO/EGFP, a myxoma virus actively inducing apoptosis in BTICs linked to recurrence, offers innovative treatment. We loaded this construct into adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to mitigate antiviral host responses and enable systemic delivery. The apoptotic and cytotoxic effects of the construct were studied using murine and human glioblastoma cell lines. Before implementing systemic delivery, we delivered the construct locally using ADSC to verify elimination of orthotopic murine glioma lesions. vMyx-M011L-KO/EGFP was cytotoxic to a murine cell line, preventing effective virus multiplication. In three human glioma cell lines, viral replication did occur, coupled with cell killing. The knock-out construct induced apoptotic cell death in these cultures. ADSCs infected ex vivo were shown to be sufficiently migratory to assure transfer of the therapeutic cargo to murine glioma lesions. Virus-loaded ADSCs applied to the artificial blood-brain barrier (BBB) yielded viral infection of glioma cells grown distally in the wells. Two rounds of local administration of this therapeutic platform starting 6 days post tumor implantation slowed down growth of orthotopic lesions and improved survival (total recovery < 20%). ADSCs infected ex vivo with vMyx-M011L-KO/EGFP show promise as a therapeutic tool in systemic elimination of glioma lesions."
981,brain tumour,39456752,Proton Radiation Therapy: A Systematic Review of Treatment-Related Side Effects and Toxicities.,"Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Around half of all cancer patients undergo some type of radiation therapy throughout the course of their treatment. Photon radiation remains (RT) the most widely utilized modality of radiotherapy despite recent advancements in proton radiation therapy (PBT). PBT makes use of the particle's biological property known as the Bragg peak to better spare healthy tissue from radiation damage, with data to support that this treatment modality is less toxic than photon RT. Hence, proton radiation dosimetry looks better compared to photon dosimetry; however, due to proton-specific uncertainties, unexpected acute, subacute, and long-term toxicities can be encountered. Reported neurotoxicity resulting from proton radiation treatments include radiation necrosis, moyamoya syndrome, neurosensory toxicities, brain edema, neuromuscular toxicities, and neurocognitive toxicities. Pulmonary toxicities include pneumonitis and fibrosis, pleural effusions, and bronchial toxicities. Pericarditis, pericardial effusions, and atrial fibrillations are among the cardiac toxicities related to proton therapy. Gastrointestinal and hematological toxicities are also found in the literature. Genitourinary toxicities include urinary and reproductive-related toxicities. Osteological, oral, endocrine, and skin toxicities have also been reported. The side effects will be comparable to the ones following photon RT, nonetheless at an expected lower incidence. The toxicities collected mainly from case reports and clinical trials are described based on the organs affected and functions altered."
982,brain tumour,39456748,MetaWise: Combined Feature Selection and Weighting Method to Link the Serum Metabolome to Treatment Response and Survival in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant and devastating brain cancer characterized by its ability to rapidly and aggressively grow, infiltrating brain tissue, with nearly universal recurrence after the standard of care (SOC), which comprises maximal safe resection followed by chemoirradiation (CRT). The metabolic triggers leading to the reprogramming of tumor behavior and resistance are an area increasingly studied in relation to the tumor molecular features associated with outcome. There are currently no metabolomic biomarkers for GBM. Studying the metabolomic alterations in GBM patients undergoing CRT could uncover the biochemical pathways involved in tumor response and resistance, leading to the identification of novel biomarkers and the optimization of the treatment response. The feature selection process identifies key factors to improve the model's accuracy and interpretability. This study utilizes a combined feature selection approach, incorporating both Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Minimum Redundancy-Maximum Relevance (mRMR), alongside a rank-based weighting method (i.e., MetaWise) to link metabolomic biomarkers to CRT and the 12-month and 20-month overall survival (OS) status in patients with GBM. Our method shows promising results, reducing feature dimensionality when employed on serum-based large-scale metabolomic datasets (University of Florida) for all our analyses. The proposed method successfully identified a set of eleven serum biomarkers shared among three datasets. The computational results show that the utilized method achieves 96.711%, 92.093%, and 86.910% accuracy rates with 48, 46, and 33 selected features for the CRT, 12-month, and 20-month OS-based metabolomic datasets, respectively. This discovery has implications for developing personalized treatment plans and improving patient outcomes."
983,brain tumour,39456740,T-Cell Dynamics Predicts Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Receiving Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab.,"Atezolizumab and bevacizumab show promise for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but identifying responsive patients remains challenging, due to tumor heterogeneity. This study explores immune dynamics following this combination therapy. Between 2020 and 2023, 29 patients with advanced HCC who received atezolizumab plus bevacizumab at Severance Hospital, Seoul, were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed using flow cytometry and statistical methods to assess immune alterations and identify biomarkers. Baseline characteristics showed a diverse HCC cohort with a mean age of 64 years and 82.8% male predominance. Absence of extrahepatic metastasis was associated with better overall survival. Immune responses revealed distinct CD4"
984,brain tumour,39456686,ddPCR Overcomes the CRISPR-Cas13a-Based Technique for the Detection of the BRAF p.V600E Mutation in Liquid Biopsies.,"The isolation of circulating tumoral DNA (ctDNA) present in the bloodstream brings about the opportunity to detect genomic aberrations from the tumor of origin. However, the low amounts of ctDNA present in liquid biopsy samples makes the development of highly sensitive techniques necessary to detect targetable mutations for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of cancer patients. Here, we employ standard genomic DNA (gDNA) and eight liquid biopsy samples from different cancer patients to examine the newly described CRISPR-Cas13a-based technology in the detection of the BRAF p.V600E actionable point mutation and appraise its diagnostic capacity with two PCR-based techniques: quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Regardless of its lower specificity compared to the qPCR and ddPCR techniques, the CRISPR-Cas13a-guided complex was able to detect inputs as low as 10 pM. Even though the PCR-based techniques have similar target limits of detection (LoDs), only the ddPCR achieved a 0.1% variant allele frequency (VAF) detection with elevated reproducibility, thus standing out as the most powerful and suitable tool for clinical diagnosis purposes. Our results also demonstrate how the CRISPR-Cas13a can detect low amounts of the target of interest, but its base-pair specificity failed in the detection of actionable point mutations at a low VAF; therefore, the ddPCR is still the most powerful and suitable technique for these purposes."
985,brain tumour,39456605,Targeting the Leloir Pathway with Galactose-Based Antimetabolites in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) uses Glut3 and/or Glut14 and the Leloir pathway to catabolize D-Galactose (Gal). UDP-4-deoxy-4-fluorogalactose (UDP-4DFG) is a potent inhibitor of the two key enzymes, UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE) and UDP-Glucose 6-dehydrogenase (UGDH), involved in Gal metabolism and in glycan synthesis. The Gal antimetabolite 4-deoxy-4-fluorogalactose (4DFG) is a good substrate for Glut3/Glut14 and acts as a potent glioma chemotherapeutic."
986,brain tumour,39456545,"H3K27me3 Loss in Central Nervous System Tumors: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Implications.","Central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent a formidable clinical challenge due to their molecular complexity and varied prognostic outcomes. This review delves into the pivotal role of the epigenetic marker H3K27me3 in the development and treatment of CNS tumors. H3K27me3, specifically the trimethylation of lysine 27 on the histone H3 protein, plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression and maintaining chromatin architecture (e.g., in X-chromosome inactivation). Notably, a reduction in H3K27me3 levels, frequently tied to mutations in the H3 gene family such as H3F3A and HIST1H3B, is evident in diverse brain tumor variants, including the diffuse midline glioma characterized by the H3K27M mutation and certain pediatric high-grade gliomas. The loss of H3K27me3 has been linked to more aggressive behavior in meningiomas, with the trimethylation loss associated with significantly shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS) among grade 2 meningiomas, albeit not within grade 1 tumors. Pediatric posterior fossa ependymomas characterized by a lowered H3K27me3 and DNA hypomethylation exhibit poor prognosis, underscoring the prognostic significance of these epigenetic alterations in CNS tumors. Comprehending the role of H3K27me3 in CNS tumors is vital for advancing diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions, with the goal of enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life. This review underscores the importance of ongoing investigations into H3K27me to refine and optimize management strategies for CNS tumors, paving the way for improved personalized medicine practices in oncology."
987,brain tumour,39456455,Synergistic Dual Targeting of Thioredoxin and Glutathione Systems Irrespective of p53 in Glioblastoma Stem Cells.,Glioblastoma (GBM) is an incurable primary brain cancer characterized by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The redox-sensitive tumor suppressor gene 
988,brain tumour,39456164,Emerging Role of the Slit/Roundabout (Robo) Signaling Pathway in Glioma Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Options.,"Gliomas represent the most common primary Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors, characterized by increased heterogeneity, dysregulated intracellular signaling, extremely invasive properties, and a dismal prognosis. They are generally resistant to existing therapies and only a few molecular targeting options are currently available. In search of signal transduction pathways with a potential impact in glioma growth and immunotherapy, the Slit guidance ligands (Slits) and their Roundabout (Robo) family of receptors have been revealed as key regulators of tumor cells and their microenvironment. Recent evidence indicates the implication of the Slit/Robo signaling pathway in inflammation, cell migration, angiogenesis, and immune cell infiltration of gliomas, suppressing or promoting the expression of pivotal proteins, such as cell adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases, interleukins, angiogenic growth factors, and immune checkpoints. Herein, we discuss recent data on the significant implication of the Slit/Robo signaling pathway in glioma pathology along with the respective targeting options, including immunotherapy, monoclonal antibody therapy, and protein expression modifiers."
989,brain tumour,39456052,"Dual phenotypes in recurrent astrocytoma, IDH-mutant; coexistence of IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype components: a case report with genetic and epigenetic analysis.","Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene are recognized as the key drivers in the oncogenesis of astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma. However, the significance of IDH mutation in tumor maintenance and malignant transformation has not been elucidated. We encountered a unique case of IDH-mutant astrocytoma that, upon malignant transformation, presented two distinct intratumoral components: one IDH-wildtype and one IDH-mutant. The IDH-wild-type component exhibited histological findings similar to those of small cell-type glioblastoma with a higher Ki-67 index than the IDH-mutant component. Despite their genetic divergence, both components exhibited similar comprehensive methylation profiles within the CpG island and were classified into methylation class of ""Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant; High Grade"" by the German Cancer Center (DKFZ) classifier v11.4. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the IDH-wildtype component emerged as a subclonal component of the primary tumor. Detailed molecular analyses revealed that the loss of the IDH mutation was induced by the hemizygous loss of the entire arm of chromosome 2, on which IDH1 gene is located. Notably, the IDH-wild-type subclones uniquely acquired CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion and PDGFRA amplification, which is a marker of the aggressive phenotype of astrocytoma, IDH-mutant. Because these genetic abnormalities can drive oncogenic pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RB signaling pathway, IDH-mutant gliomas that acquired these mutations were no longer dependent on the initial driver mutation, the IDH mutation. Molecular analysis of this unique case provides insight that in a subset of astrocytoma, IDH-mutant that acquired these genetic abnormalities, IDH mutation may not play a pivotal role in tumor growth and acquisition of these genetic abnormalities may contribute to the acquisition of resistance to IDH inhibitors."
990,brain tumour,39455945,Intraoperative neuromonitoring of visual evoked potentials in a pregnant patient with meningioma: a case report.,"Meningioma in the parasellar region may lead to visual impairment, so intraoperative neurological monitoring is essential for enucleation surgery. However, intraoperative neurological monitoring in pregnant women is challenging, as the anesthesia management must consider the effects and risks to the fetus. Remimazolam is a newly introduced intravenous anesthetic that has little effect on blood pressure. However, the effects of remimazolam on intraoperative neuromonitoring are little known. We treated a pregnant patient with parasellar meningioma who developed visual impairment, using remimazolam for anesthesia and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring of the visual evoked potential."
991,brain tumour,39455814,Deep learning-based super-resolution and denoising algorithm improves reliability of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in diffuse glioma.,"Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is increasingly used to non-invasively image blood-brain barrier leakage, yet its clinical utility has been hampered by issues such as noise and partial volume artifacts. In this retrospective study involving 306 adult patients with diffuse glioma, we applied deep learning-based super-resolution and denoising (DLSD) techniques to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and resolution of DCE-MRI. Quantitative analysis comparing standard DCE-MRI (std-DCE) and DL-enhanced DCE-MRI (DL-DCE) revealed that DL-DCE achieved significantly higher SNR and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) compared to std-DCE (SNR, 52.09 vs 27.21; CNR, 9.40 vs 4.71; P < 0.001 for all). Diagnostic performance assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) showed improved differentiation of WHO grades based on a pharmacokinetic parameter [Formula: see text] (AUC, 0.88 vs 0.83, P = 0.02), while remaining comparable to std-DCE in other parameters. Analysis of arterial input function (AIF) reliability demonstrated that [Formula: see text] exhibited superior agreement compared to [Formula: see text], as indicated by mostly higher intraclass correlation coefficients (Time to peak, 0.79 vs 0.43, P < 0.001). In conclusion, DLSD significantly enhances both the image quality and reliability of DCE-MRI in patients with diffuse glioma, while maintaining or improving diagnostic performance."
992,brain tumour,39455622,The self-organized structure of glioma oncostreams and the disruptive role of passive cells.,"Oncostreams are self-organized structures formed by spindle-like, elongated, self-propelled cells recently described in glioblastomas and especially in gliosarcomas. Cells within these structures either move as large clusters in one main direction, flocks, or as linear, intermingling collections of cells advancing in opposite directions, streams. Round, passive cells are also observed, either inside or segregated from the oncostreams. Here we generalize a recently formulated particle-field approach to investigate the genesis and evolution of these structures, first showing that, in systems consisting only of identical self-propelled cells, both flocks and streams emerge as self-organized dynamic configurations. Flocks are the more stable configurations, while streams are transient and usually originate in collisions between flocks. Stream degradation is easier at low self-propulsion speeds. In systems consisting of both motile and passive cells, the latter block stream formation and accelerate their degradation and flock stabilization. Since the flock appears to be the most effective invasive structure, we thus argue that a phenotype mixture (motile and passive cells) may favor glioblastoma invasion. hlBy relating cellular properties to the observed outcome, our model shows that oncostreams are self-organized structures that result from the interplay between speed, shape, and steric repulsion."
993,brain tumour,39455562,One-carbon-mediated purine synthesis underlies temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma accounts for nearly half of all primary malignant brain tumors in adults, and despite an aggressive standard of care, including excisional surgery and adjuvant chemoradiation, recurrence remains universal, with an overall median survival of 14.6 months. Recent work has revealed the importance of passenger mutations as critical mediators of metabolic adaptation in cancer progression. In our previous work, we identified a role for the epigenetic modifier ID-1 in temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma. Here, we show that ID-1-mediated glioblastoma tumourigenesis is accompanied by upregulation of one-carbon (1-C) mediated de novo purine synthesis. ID-1 knockout results in a significant reduction in the expression of 1-C metabolism and purine synthesis enzymes. Analysis of glioblastoma surgical specimens at initial presentation and recurrence reveals that 1-C purine synthesis metabolic enzymes are enriched in recurrent glioblastoma and that their expression correlates with a shorter time to tumor recurrence. Further, we show that the 1-C metabolic phenotype underlies proliferative capacity and temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma cells. Supplementation with exogenous purines restores proliferation in ID-1-deficient cells, while inhibition of purine synthesis with AICAR sensitizes temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cells to temozolomide chemotherapy. Our data suggest that the metabolic phenotype observed in treatment-resistant glioma cells is a potential therapeutic target in glioblastoma."
994,brain tumour,39455195,Revealing transparency gaps in publicly available COVID-19 datasets used for medical artificial intelligence development-a systematic review.,"During the COVID-19 pandemic, artificial intelligence (AI) models were created to address health-care resource constraints. Previous research shows that health-care datasets often have limitations, leading to biased AI technologies. This systematic review assessed datasets used for AI development during the pandemic, identifying several deficiencies. Datasets were identified by screening articles from MEDLINE and using Google Dataset Search. 192 datasets were analysed for metadata completeness, composition, data accessibility, and ethical considerations. Findings revealed substantial gaps: only 48% of datasets documented individuals' country of origin, 43% reported age, and under 25% included sex, gender, race, or ethnicity. Information on data labelling, ethical review, or consent was frequently missing. Many datasets reused data with inadequate traceability. Notably, historical paediatric chest x-rays appeared in some datasets without acknowledgment. These deficiencies highlight the need for better data quality and transparent documentation to lessen the risk that biased AI models are developed in future health emergencies."
995,brain tumour,39454886,ESTRO-EANO guideline on target delineation and radiotherapy for IDH-mutant WHO CNS grade 2 and 3 diffuse glioma.,"This guideline will discuss radiotherapeutic management of IDH-mutant grade 2 and grade 3 diffuse glioma, using the latest 2021 WHO (5th) classification of brain tumours focusing on: imaging modalities, tumour volume delineation, irradiation dose and fractionation."
996,brain tumour,39454581,Metabolic regulation of the glioblastoma stem cell epitranscriptome by malate dehydrogenase 2.,"Tumors reprogram their metabolism to generate complex neoplastic ecosystems. Here, we demonstrate that glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells (GSCs) display elevated activity of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS) and expression of malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2). Genetic and pharmacologic targeting of MDH2 attenuated GSC proliferation, self-renewal, and in vivo tumor growth, partially rescued by aspartate. Targeting MDH2 induced accumulation of alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG), a critical co-factor for dioxygenases, including the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA demethylase AlkB homolog 5, RNA demethylase (ALKBH5). Forced expression of MDH2 increased m6A levels and inhibited ALKBH5 activity, both rescued by αKG supplementation. Reciprocally, targeting MDH2 reduced global m6A levels with platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFRβ) as a regulated transcript. Pharmacological inhibition of MDH2 in GSCs augmented efficacy of dasatinib, an orally bioavailable multi-kinase inhibitor, including PDGFRβ. Collectively, stem-like tumor cells reprogram their metabolism to induce changes in their epitranscriptomes and reveal possible therapeutic paradigms."
997,brain tumour,39454305,HIF-1α stabilization inhibits Japanese encephalitis virus propagation and neurotoxicity via autophagy pathways.,"Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a widespread flavivirus that induces brain inflammation and affects the central nervous system (CNS). Deferoxamine, an iron chelator, has shown promising results in stabilizing HIF-1α, a protein that improves hypoxic conditions, offers protective effects against neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to assess the impact of HIF-1α stabilization during JEV infection using SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines as a model. Our findings demonstrated that deferoxamine treatment increased HIF-1α protein levels, leading to a reduction in JEV propagation. Moreover, RT-PCR analysis revealed that deferoxamine ameliorated JEV-induced neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. We proved that inducing HIF-1α is essential for having an impact of deferoxamine against JEV-mediated neurotoxicity. Thus, our findings offer a potential therapeutic approach to mitigate the detrimental effects of JEV infection on neuronal cells. Further investigations also demonstrated that deferoxamine could reverse JEV-induced autophagy inhibition by stabilizing HIF-1α, which plays a crucial role in mitigating neuronal cell damage and neuroinflammation. Based on our data, HIF-1α stabilization emerges as a vital factor against JEV infection in the neurons, highlighting deferoxamine as a promising and innovative target for developing anti-JEV agents."
998,brain tumour,39454304,Histone deacetylase inhibition disrupts the molecular signature of the glioblastoma secretome related to extracellular vesicle-associated proteins and targets RAB7a and RAB14 in vitro.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis. While Histone Deacetylase inhibitors have shown promising results in inhibiting cancer cell invasion and promoting apoptosis, their effects on GBM secretion, specifically focusing on extracellular vesicles (EVs) secretion, remain largely unexplored. Using label-free NANOLC-MS/MS methodology, we identified significant changes in the abundance of membrane traffic regulatory proteins in the secretome of U87MG cells after the treatment with the HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA). In silico analysis showed that TSA treatment disrupted the secretion pattern of EVs-associated proteins and cellular signaling pathways, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Notably, RAB14/RAB7a interaction was only observed in the secretome of cells treated with TSA. In vitro assays revealed that TSA treatment of glioma cells increased EVs secretion and intracellular protein levels of RAB7a and RAB14 without affecting gene expression, suggesting a role of these two EVs-associated proteins in grade IV glioma cells. Additionally, an integrative approach using clinical data highlighted a correlation between DNA mutations affecting vesicle traffic coding-genes and clinical and phenotypic outcomes in glioma patients. These findings provide insights into the interplay between epigenetics and GBM intracellular trafficking, potentially leading to improved strategies for targeting and modifying the complex signaling network established between GBM cells and the tumor cell microenvironment."
999,brain tumour,39454277,Endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid trans lacero-cavernous resection of Knosp 4 functioning pituitary macroadenoma.,"In this video, we demonstrate the technique of endoscopic transpterygoid trans lacerum trans cavernous approach for the excision of Knosp 4 functioning pituitary macroadenomas. We highlight the anatomy and key steps of the approach using cadaveric dissection and present two clinical cases. A 42-year-old female with a growth hormone-secreting tumor and Knosp 4 macroadenoma underwent an extended endoscopic endonasal approach and near-total excision of the tumor. Postoperatively she was neurologically intact. Postoperative MR showed a small residue in the lateral compartment of the cavernous sinus and along the right optic tract superiorly. Due to the proximity of the residual tumor near the optic apparatus, she was offered a pterional approach, and the tumor around the optic apparatus was excised. She was given stereotactic radiosurgery for the small residual tumor in the cavernous sinus and is currently doing well, under remission. The second case was a 23-year young male with acromegaly and bilateral Knosp 4 macroadenoma. He underwent endoscopic transpterygoid trans lacerum trans cavernous approach and gross total excision of the tumor was done. He had transient bilateral ophthalmoplegia in the immediate postoperative period which recovered fully within 6 weeks. He is currently in remission without any need for radiotherapy. To conclude, an in-depth knowledge of the anatomy helps in improving surgical outcomes in extended endoscopic endonasal surgeries."
1000,brain tumour,39454216,"Regional differences in reimbursement rates from Medicare, Medicaid, and FAIR Health across common procedures for neurological surgeons.","FAIR Health-a nonprofit, state-funded database-was created as an independent repository of healthcare claims paid data to address allegations of price fixing. Many insurers have forced physicians to negotiate payments based on Medicare rates, rather than utilizing FAIR Health. The authors' objective was to provide an overview of regional differences in reimbursement rates per several sample neurosurgical Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes and to compare Medicare, Medicaid, and usual, customary, and reasonable rates via FAIR Health rate estimates."
1001,brain tumour,39454014,Functional PET/MRI reveals active inhibition of neuronal activity during optogenetic activation of the nigrostriatal pathway.,"The dopaminergic system is a central component of the brain's neurobiological framework, governing motor control and reward responses and playing an essential role in various brain disorders. Within this complex network, the nigrostriatal pathway represents a critical circuit for dopamine neurotransmission from the substantia nigra to the striatum. However, stand-alone functional magnetic resonance imaging is unable to study the intricate interplay between brain activation and its molecular underpinnings. In our study, the use of a functional [fluorine-18]2-fluor-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography approach, simultaneously with blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging, provided an important insight that demonstrates an active suppression of the nigrostriatal activity during optogenetic stimulation. This result increases our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of brain function and provides an important perspective on how dopamine influences hemodynamic responses in the brain."
1002,brain tumour,39453958,Environmental Enrichment and Health Outcomes Among Low-Grade Glioma Brain Tumor Survivors.,"BACKGROUND: Brain tumor survivors who received radiotherapy (RT) are at a disproportionately increased risk of accelerated aging and symptom burden. We aim to examine the association between environmental enrichment (EE) and health outcomes among low-grade glioma survivors who received brain RT. METHODS: The study used a cross-sectional cohort design, enrolling participants approximately 5 years from diagnosis. The construct of EE consisted of social network, physical activity, employment status, and financial stability. Berkman-Syme Social Network Index, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Vocational Index Scale, and a Socioeconomic Questionnaire were used to measure the construct of EE. Health outcome measures included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Symbol Digit Modality Test, clinical brain magnetic resonance images (pre-RT, approximately 2-3 years after RT, and approximately 5 years after RT), Karnofsky Performance Status Scale, and the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory Brain Tumor Module. Ordinal logistic regression estimated the association between levels of EE and health outcomes. RESULTS: Thirty-nine participants completed the study and experienced varying levels of EE. The median age was 44 years old, ranging from 26 to 78 years old. Nineteen individuals were diagnosed with oligodendroglioma, and 18 were diagnosed with astrocytoma. Thirteen participants had low EE, 17 had moderate EE, and 9 had high EE. Although not statistically significant, we observed patterns of increasing health outcomes (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Symbol Digit Modality Test, and Karnofsky Performance Status Scale) related to increasing levels of EE. CONCLUSION: This study is an initial exploration into the role of EE in health outcomes and survivorship programs for persons with glioma. Future research should assess EE before treatment or at the time of diagnosis and be longitudinal to accurately ascertain the association between EE and health outcomes. Comprehensive neuro-oncology survivorship programs structured to facilitate EE may reduce symptom burden, promote neuroplasticity, and improve cognitive and functional outcomes after brain radiation."
1003,brain tumour,39453922,Machine learning-based new classification for immune infiltration of gliomas.,"Glioma is a highly heterogeneous and poorly immunogenic malignant tumor, with limited efficacy of immunotherapy. The characteristics of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) are one of the important factors hindering the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the immune microenvironment (IME) characteristics of glioma and predict different immune subtypes using machine learning methods, providing guidance for immune therapy in glioma."
1004,brain tumour,39453720,Comparative Analysis of Treatment Patterns in DoD Beneficiaries With Malignant Central Nervous System Tumors: A Focus on Care Setting.,"Malignant brain and other central nervous system tumors (MBT) are deadly and disproportionately affect younger men and women in the age range of most active-duty service members. Timely and appropriate treatment is important to both survival and quality of life of patients. Information on treatment factors across direct care (DC) and private sector care (PSC) networks may be important for provider training and staffing for the DoD. The aim of this study was to analyze treatment patterns for patients with MBT within the DoD's universal access Military Health System (MHS), comparing DC and PSC networks."
1005,brain tumour,39453684,Inhibiting lncRNA NEAT1 Increases Glioblastoma Response to TMZ by Reducing Connexin 43 Expression.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered the most assailant subtype of gliomas, presenting a formidable obstacle because of its inherent resistance to temozolomide (TMZ). This study aimed to characterize the function of lncRNA NEAT1 in facilitating the advancement of gliomas."
1006,brain tumour,39453521,A novel scoring system proposal to guide surgical treatment indications for high grade gliomas in elderly patients: DAK-75.,"High-grade gliomas are the most prevalent neurooncological desease in adults, their incidence increases with age, peaking in the seventh decade. This paper aims to address how to select patients for surgical resection by identifying pre-surgical predictors of 12-month mortality in newly diagnosed HGG patients aged ≥ 75 years. A prognostic score will be proposed to guide surgical decisions based on expected survival. Retrospective observational single-center cohort study was carried out at the ""Città della Salute e della Scienza-Molinette"" University Hospital in Turin, Italy. All consecutive patients aged ≥ 75 years newly diagnosed with HGG were included, regardless of whether they underwent surgical resection. Clinical, radiological, histological and molecular data were collected.Variables potentially available at the time of diagnosis were considered to develop a multivariable logistic regression predictive model, with 12-months overall survival as the dependent variable. 102 patients aged 75 years or older received a new diagnosis of high-grade glioma, of whom 68 underwent surgical resection. Patients undergoing surgery were slightly younger (76.9 vs 79.0 years, p = 0.007) and had better performance status (median KPS 80 vs 70). Most tumors undergoing surgery were localized in cortical or subcortical non-motor areas (p < 0.001) and less frequently deep-seated (p = 0.023) or multifocal (p < 0.001). A predictive model, the DAK-75 score, was developed: the AUROC of the final model was 0.822 (95% CI 0.741-0.902). The score includes clinical presentation, tumor location, and KPS, ranging from 0 to 20, categorizing risk scores into low-risk and high-risk groups (< or > 8). Higher scores corresponded to fewer surgical patients and higher one-year mortality rates (92.2% vs 47.1%, p < 0.001). DAK-75 score may represent a valuable tool in the decision-making process for neurosurgical intervention in elderly patients diagnosed with HGG. Further studies are needed to externally and prospectively validate the scoring system."
1007,brain tumour,39453507,Surgical options for metastatic spine tumors: WFNS spine committee recommendations.,"Surgical treatments for metastatic spine tumors have evolved tremendously over the last decade. Improvements in immunotherapies and other medical treatments have led to longer life expectancy in cancer patients. This, in turn, has led to an increase in the incidence of metastatic spine tumors. Spine metastases remain the most common type of spine tumor. In this study, we systematically reviewed all available literature on metastatic spine tumors and spinal instability within the last decade. We also performed further systematic reviews on cervical metastatic tumors, thoracolumbar metastatic tumors, and minimally invasive surgery in metastatic spine tumors. Lastly, the results from the systematic reviews were presented to an expert panel at the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) meeting, and their consensus was also presented."
1008,brain tumour,39453033,Lightweight MRI Brain Tumor Segmentation Enhanced by Hierarchical Feature Fusion.,Existing methods for MRI brain tumor segmentation often suffer from excessive model parameters and suboptimal performance in delineating tumor boundaries.
1009,brain tumour,39452038,Pioneering Augmented and Mixed Reality in Cranial Surgery: The First Latin American Experience.,"Augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) technologies have revolutionized cranial neurosurgery by overlaying digital information onto the surgical field, enhancing visualization, precision, and training. These technologies enable the real-time integration of preoperative imaging data, aiding in better decision-making and reducing operative risks. Despite challenges such as cost and specialized training needs, AR and MR offer significant benefits, including improved surgical outcomes and personalized surgical plans based on individual patient anatomy."
1010,brain tumour,39452025,Autoimmune Encephalitis and Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-like Manifestations.,Advances in diagnostic procedures have led to an increasing rate of diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis or paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (AE/PNS) among patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)-like manifestations.
1011,brain tumour,39451969,Assessing Language Lateralization through Gray Matter Volume: Implications for Preoperative Planning in Brain Tumor Surgery.,"Functional MRI (fMRI) is widely used to assess language lateralization, but its application in patients with brain tumors can be hindered by cognitive impairments, compensatory neuroplasticity, and artifacts due to patient movement or severe aphasia. Gray matter volume (GMV) analysis via voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in language-related brain regions may offer a stable complementary approach. This study investigates the relationship between GMV and fMRI-derived language lateralization in healthy individuals and patients with left-hemisphere brain tumors, aiming to enhance accuracy in complex cases."
1012,brain tumour,39451775,Antibody-Drug Conjugates for the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Central Nervous System Metastases.,"Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent an emerging class of targeted anticancer agents that have demonstrated impressive efficacy in numerous cancer types. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ADCs have become a component of the treatment armamentarium for a subset of patients with metastatic disease. Emerging data suggest that some ADCs exhibit impressive activity even in central nervous system (CNS) metastases, a disease site that is difficult to treat and associated with poor prognosis. Herein, we describe and summarize the existing evidence surrounding ADCs in NSCLC with a focus on CNS activity."
1013,brain tumour,39451763,Health-Related Quality of Life and Treatment Satisfaction of Patients with Malignant IDH Wild-Type Gliomas and Their Caregivers.,"(1) Background: Clinical aspects like sex, age, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) and psychosocial distress can affect the health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) and treatment satisfaction of patients with malignant isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type (IDHwt) gliomas and caregivers. (2) Methods: We prospectively investigated the HR-QoL and patient/caregiver treatment satisfaction in a cross-sectional study with univariable and multiple regression analyses. Questionnaires were applied to investigate the HR-QoL (EORTC QLQ-C30, QLQ-BN20) and treatment satisfaction (EORTC PATSAT-C33). (3) Results: A cohort of 61 patients was investigated. A higher KPS was significantly associated with a better HR-QoL regarding the functional scales of the EORTC QLQ-C30 ("
1014,brain tumour,39451383,A Versatile Microfluidic Device System that Lacks a Synthetic Extracellular Matrix Recapitulates the Blood-Brain Barrier and Dynamic Tumor Cell Interaction.,"Microfluidic systems offer controlled microenvironments for cell-to-cell and cell-to-stroma interactions, which have precise physiological, biochemical, and mechanical features. The optimization of their conditions to best resemble tumor microenvironments constitutes an experimental modeling challenge, particularly regarding carcinogenesis in the central nervous system (CNS), given the specific features of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Gel-free 3D microfluidic cell culture systems (gel-free 3D-mFCCSs), including features such as self-production of extracellular matrices, provide significant benefits, including promoting cell-cell communication, interaction, and cell polarity. The proposed microfluidic system consisted of a gel-free culture device inoculated with human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBEC5i), glioblastoma multiforme cells (U87MG), and astrocytes (ScienCell 1800). The gel-free 3D-mFCCS showed a diffusion coefficient of 4.06 × 10"
1015,brain tumour,39451334,Exploiting K-Space in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnosis: Dual-Path Attention Fusion for K-Space Global and Image Local Features.,"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis, enhanced by deep learning methods, plays a crucial role in medical image processing, facilitating precise clinical diagnosis and optimal treatment planning. Current methodologies predominantly focus on feature extraction from the image domain, which often results in the loss of global features during down-sampling processes. However, the unique global representational capacity of MRI K-space is often overlooked. In this paper, we present a novel MRI K-space-based global feature extraction and dual-path attention fusion network. Our proposed method extracts global features from MRI K-space data and fuses them with local features from the image domain using a dual-path attention mechanism, thereby achieving accurate MRI segmentation for diagnosis. Specifically, our method consists of four main components: an image-domain feature extraction module, a K-space domain feature extraction module, a dual-path attention feature fusion module, and a decoder. We conducted ablation studies and comprehensive comparisons on the Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) MRI dataset to validate the effectiveness of each module. The results demonstrate that our method exhibits superior performance in segmentation diagnostics, outperforming state-of-the-art methods with improvements of up to 63.82% in the HD95 distance evaluation metric. Furthermore, we performed generalization testing and complexity analysis on the Automated Cardiac Diagnosis Challenge (ACDC) MRI cardiac segmentation dataset. The findings indicate robust performance across different datasets, highlighting strong generalizability and favorable algorithmic complexity. Collectively, these results suggest that our proposed method holds significant potential for practical clinical applications."
1016,brain tumour,39450934,Music Therapy for Pain Management for People With Advanced Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial.,"To improve mechanistic understanding, this randomized controlled trial examined anxiety, mood, emotional support, and pain-related self-efficacy as mediators of music therapy for pain management in people with advanced cancer."
1017,brain tumour,39450798,[What do we know about craniopharyngioma? Updated review of the main advances and local experience.].,"Craniopharyngioma is a tumor of benign histology, although it can cause serious sequelae due to its location and growth in the sellar and suprasellar region. It is characterized by being aggressive due to its ability to invade locally, and by its high recurrence rate. Histologically, two distinct tumors have been acknowledged, which were previously considered subtypes. The adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma is the most frequent in children and is caused by an activating mutation of the CTNNB1 gene, which codes for a mutant form of β-catenin. Whereas, papillary craniopharyngioma develops almost exclusively in adults, and it is associated with mutations in the BRAF oncogene and activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. The symptoms of both of these tumor types are secondary to hormonal deficits, hydrocephalus or visual disturbances. Treatment should be performed in centers with experience in them, achieving a balance between a wide resection and protection of hypothalamic function. Radiotherapy has proven to reduce tumor recurrence, with a current focus on the development of medical treatments based on molecular targets."
1018,brain tumour,39450562,Melatonin and vitamin D as potential synergistic adjuvants for cancer therapy (Review).,"Significant advancements have been made in cancer therapy; however, limitations remain with some conventional approaches. Adjuvants are agents used alongside primary treatments to enhance their efficacy and the treatment outcomes of patients. Modern lifestyles contribute to deficiencies in melatonin and vitamin D. Limited sun exposure affects vitamin D synthesis, and artificial light at night suppresses melatonin production. Both melatonin and vitamin D possess anti‑inflammatory, immune‑boosting and anticancer properties, rendering them potential adjuvants of interest. Studies suggest melatonin and vitamin D supplementation may address antioxidant imbalances in lip, oral and pharyngeal cancers. Moreover, promising results from breast, head and neck, brain, and osteosarcoma research indicate potential for tumor growth inhibition, improved survival, and a better quality of life of patients with cancer. The radioprotective properties of melatonin and vitamin D are another exciting area of exploration, potentially enhancing radiotherapy effectiveness while reducing side effects. For its part, the sleep‑promoting effects of melatonin may indirectly benefit patients with cancer by influencing the immune system. Thus, the prevalence of vitamin D and melatonin deficiencies highlights the importance of supplementation, as lower levels can worsen side‑effects from cancer treatments. The present review explores the potential of combining melatonin and vitamin D as synergistic adjuvants for cancer therapy. These agents have shown promise individually in cancer prevention and treatment, and their combined effects warrant investigation. Therefore, large‑scale controlled trials are crucial to definitively determine the optimal dosage, safety and efficacy of this combination in improving the lives of patients with cancer."
1019,brain tumour,39450440,Determining Risk Features for Medulloblastoma in the Molecular Era.,No abstract found
1020,brain tumour,39450422,Enhancing glioblastoma cytotoxicity through encapsulating O6-benzylguanine and temozolomide in PEGylated liposomal nanocarrier: an in vitro study.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) (grade IV glioma) is the most fatal brain tumor, with a median survival of just 14 months despite current treatments. Temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating agent used with radiation, faces challenges such as systemic toxicity, poor absorption, and drug resistance. To enhance TMZ effectiveness, we developed poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) liposomes co-loaded with TMZ and O6-benzylguanine (O6-BG) for targeted glioma therapy. These liposomes, prepared using the thin-layer hydration method, had an average size of 146.33 ± 6.75 nm and a negative zeta potential (-49.6 ± 3.1 mV). Drug release was slower at physiological pH, with 66.84 ± 4.62% of TMZ and 69.70 ± 2.88% of O6-BG released, indicating stability at physiological conditions. The liposomes showed significantly higher cellular uptake (p < 0.05) than the free dye. The dual drug-loaded liposomes exhibited superior cytotoxicity against U87 glioma cells, with a lower IC"
1021,brain tumour,39449966,CircFOXO3 upregulation mediates the radioresistance of glioblastoma by affecting cellular metabolome.,"Radioresistance remains a significant challenge in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most prevalent and lethal brain cancer in adults. Metabolic alterations are known to contribute to radioresistance by activating antioxidant responses and promoting DNA repair. However, the role of circular RNAs in this process, particularly circFOXO3, is not well understood."
1022,brain tumour,39449920,An Anterior Midline Skull Base Epidermoid Cyst Presenting With Spontaneous Intraparenchymal Rupture: A Case Report.,"Intracranial epidermoid cysts (ECs) are rare, benign lesions typically found in the cerebellopontine angle, suprasellar spaces, and middle cranial fossa. While these cysts are congenital, originating from ectodermal cell remnants during embryogenesis, it is not until middle age that patients present with symptoms secondary to local mass effect. Here, we present an interesting case of an EC arising from the midline anterior skull base in a 69-year-old male, presenting with symptoms ensuing from the spontaneous rupture of cyst contents into the brain parenchyma. As this is a highly unusual location and presentation for intracranial ECs, this report provides valuable information to the literature on ECs."
1023,brain tumour,39449743,The expression of ,"Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are benign tumors with high prevalence and, occasionally, aggressive course. The tumorigenesis of these lesions is not completely understood at the molecular level. BAK1 and BAX proteins play fundamental roles in apoptosis and seem to interact with VDAC proteins, whose expressions have been markedly altered in cancer, impacting their prognosis."
1024,brain tumour,39449742,Ectopic acromegaly with tumoral range hyperprolactinemia and apoplexy with a dramatic regression of pituitary hyperplasia.,"Acromegaly due to ectopic secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is a rare disorder. The signs and symptoms of ectopic acromegaly are indistinguishable from acromegaly due to a somatotroph adenoma. A 35-year-old female presented with secondary amenorrhea for 10 years, intermittent headache, and reduced vision in both eyes for 4 years, which worsened over 4 months before presentation. Additionally, she was diagnosed with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. On examination, she had coarse facial features, a fleshy nose, and acral enlargement. She had diminished visual acuity (left>right) and bitemporal hemianopia on perimetry. Biochemical investigations revealed elevated IGF-1 [588 ng/ml, reference range (RR) 100-242], markedly elevated basal growth hormone (>80 ng/ml; RR, 0.12-9.88), and hyperprolactinemia in the tumoral range (832 ng/ml; RR, 5-25). MRI sella demonstrated a 22×30×34mm sellar-suprasellar mass with T2 hypointensity. Chest imaging revealed a 75×87×106mm left lung mass, which was found to be a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (NET) on biopsy. Plasma GHRH levels were elevated [38,088 ng/l; RR, <250-300], and a diagnosis of ectopic acromegaly secondary to lung neuroendocrine tumor was considered. During workup, the patient developed in-hospital pituitary apoplexy, which improved with medical management. After a left pneumonectomy, her clinical features of acromegaly improved, her diabetes underwent remission, and there was a marked reduction in plasma GHRH and pituitary size. Histopathology was suggestive of a neuroendocrine tumor, with immunohistochemistry positive for GHRH and negative for prolactin. Her final diagnosis was ectopic acromegaly due to GHRH secreting a lung NET with pituitary somatotroph and lactotroph pituitary hyperplasia and apoplexy in the hyperplastic pituitary."
1025,brain tumour,39449697,Utilizing customized CNN for brain tumor prediction with explainable AI.,"Timely diagnosis of brain tumors using MRI and its potential impact on patient survival are critical issues addressed in this study. Traditional DL models often lack transparency, leading to skepticism among medical experts owing to their ""black box"" nature. This study addresses this gap by presenting an innovative approach for brain tumor detection. It utilizes a customized Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model empowered by three advanced explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques: Shapley Additive Explana-tions (SHAP), Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME), and Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM). The study utilized the BR35H dataset, which includes 3060 brain MRI images encompassing both tumorous and non-tumorous cases. The proposed model achieved a remarkable training accuracy of 100 % and validation accuracy of 98.67 %. Precision, recall, and F1 score metrics demonstrated exceptional performance at 98.50 %, confirming the accuracy of the model in tumor detection. Detailed result analysis, including a confusion matrix, comparison with existing models, and generalizability tests on other datasets, establishes the superiority of the proposed approach and sets a new benchmark for accuracy. By integrating a customized CNN model with XAI techniques, this research enhances trust in AI-driven medical diagnostics and offers a promising pathway for early tumor detection and potentially life-saving interventions."
1026,brain tumour,39449531,Exploring retinal vessel density alterations in prolactinoma patients: Insights from OCTA imaging.,To investigate microvascular changes in the macular and peripapillary area in prolactinoma patients by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
1027,brain tumour,39449228,Characterisation of the tumour microenvironment in primary and recurrent glioblastomas.,"Glioblastoma patients have a dismal prognosis, due to inevitable tumour recurrence and respond poorly to immunotherapy. Tumour-associated microglia/macrophages (TAMs) dominate the glioblastoma tumour microenvironment and have been implicated in tumour progression and immune evasion. Early recurrent glioblastomas contain focal reactive regions with occasional fibrosis, chronic inflammation, TAMs and tumour cells. Surgical specimens from these tumours are rare and provide crucial insights into glioblastoma recurrence biology. This study aimed to characterise TAM- and lymphocyte phenotypes in primary vs early- and late-recurrent glioblastomas."
1028,brain tumour,39449022,Genetic analysis using next-generation sequencing and multiplex ligation probe amplification in Chinese aniridia patients.,"Congenital aniridia is a rare pan-ocular disease characterized by complete irideremia, partial iridocoloboma. The progressive nature of aniridia is frequently accompanied by secondary ocular complications such as glaucoma and aniridia-associated keratopathy, which can lead to severely impaired vision or blindness. The genetic basis of aniridia has been the subject of numerous studies, leading to the development of innovative therapeutic options based on PAX6 nonsense mutations. Specific knowledge of the genetics of aniridia has become increasingly important. To report the clinical features, elucidate the genetic etiology, and reveal the mutational spectrum of congenital aniridia in the Chinese population, sixty patients with congenital aniridia from 51 families were recruited. Candidate genes associated with developmental eye diseases were identified and analyzed using panel-based next-generation sequencing (NGS), and mutations were confirmed through polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. Multiplex ligation probe amplification (MLPA) of PAX6 and FOXC1 was performed to detect copy number variations in the patients without intragenic mutations."
1029,brain tumour,39448763,"Transcription factor YY1-activated GNG5 facilitates glioblastoma cell growth, invasion, stemness and glycolysis through Wnt/β-catenin pathway.","G protein subunit Gamma 5 (GNG5) has been found to be involved in regulating glioma progression. However, its function and mechanism in glioblastoma (GBM) progression need to be further elucidated. GBM cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and stemness were assessed by cell counting kit 8 assay, EdU assay, flow cytometry, transwell assay and sphere formation assay. The mRNA and protein levels of GNG5 and Yin Yang 1 (YY1) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot (WB). Detection of the glucose consumption, lactate production and ATP/ADP ratios were used to assess cell glycolysis. Besides, Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related protein levels were examined by WB. Mice xenograft model was also constructed to explore GNG5 roles in vivo. GNG5 was highly expressed in GBM, and its silencing inhibited GBM cell proliferation, invasion, stemness and glycolysis, while promoted apoptosis. Transcription factor YY1 could bind to the GNG5 promoter region and induce its expression. GNG5 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of YY1 silencing on GBM cell growth, invasion, stemness and glycolysis. YY1/GNG5 axis could activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway agonists SKL2001 could revert the effects of GNG5 silencing on GBM cell progression. Furthermore, GNG5 facilitated GBM tumor growth by mediating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. YY1-mediated GNG5 promoted GBM progression through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway."
1030,brain tumour,39448550,Macrophage polarization-related gene signature for risk stratification and prognosis of survival in gliomas.,"Macrophage polarization plays an essential role in tumour immune cell infiltration and tumour growth. In this study, we selected a series of genes distinguishing between M1 and M2 macrophages and explored their prognostic value in gliomas. A total of 170 genes were included in our study. The CGGA database was used as the training cohort and the TCGA database as the validation cohort. The biological processes and functions were identified by GO and KEGG analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare survival differences between groups. Importantly, we built a risk score model using Cox regression analysis based on the CGGA and verified it in the TCGA database and our sequencing data. Patients with gliomas in the high-risk group were associated with high pathologic grade, IDH WT status, MGMT promoter unmethylation, 1p19q non-codeletion and prone to have a poor outcome. GEPIA results revealed that CD300C, CNRIP1 and MYO1F are the most related genes of immune infiltrations. The differential expression of these genes between low-grade gliomas and glioblastomas was confirmed by q-RT-PCR. Macrophage polarization-related gene signatures can predict the malignancy and outcome of patients with gliomas and might act as a promising target for glioma immunotherapy in the future."
1031,brain tumour,39448549,Splicing dysregulation in glioblastoma alters the function of cell migration-related genes.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) has a poor prognosis with a high recurrence and low survival rate. Previous RNA-seq analyses have revealed that alternative splicing (AS) plays a role in GBM progression. Here, we present a novel AS analysis method (Semi-Q) and describe its use to identify GBM-specific AS events. We analyzed RNA-seq data from normal brain (NB), normal human astrocytes (NHAs) and GBM samples, and found that comparison between NHA and GBM was especially informative. Importantly, this analysis revealed that genes encoding cell migration-related proteins, including filamins (FLNs) and actinins (ACTNs), were among those most affected by differential AS. Functional assays revealed that dysregulated AS of FLNA, B and C transcripts produced protein isoforms that not only altered transcription of cell proliferation-related genes but also led to enhanced cell migration, resistance to cell death and/or mitochondrial respiratory function, while a dysregulated AS isoform of ACTN4 enhanced cell migration. Together, our results indicate that cell migration and actin cytoskeleton-related genes are differentially regulated by AS in GBM, supporting a role for AS in facilitating tumor growth and invasiveness."
1032,brain tumour,39448518,Targeting the RAS/MAPK pathway in children with glioma.,"Pediatric gliomas are the most common brain tumor in children, encompassing both low-grade glioma (pLGG) and high-grade glioma (pHGG). Alterations in the RAS/MAPK pathway are the driver event in the majority of pLGG and account for a subset of pHGG. Identification of these alterations has resulted in the transition to targeted therapy as a treatment option."
1033,brain tumour,39447824,Circular RNAs in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant and common form of brain cancer in adults. The molecular mechanisms underlying GBM progression and resistance are complex and poorly understood. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of non-coding RNAsformed by covalently closed loopstructures with no free ends. Their circular structure makes them more stable than linear RNA and resistant to exonuclease degradation. In recent years, they have received significant attention due to their diverse functions in gene regulation and their association with various diseases, including cancer. Therefore, understanding the functions and applications of circRNAs is critical to developing targeted therapeutic interventions and advancing the field of glioblastoma cancer research. In this review, we summarized the main functions of circRNAs and their potential applications in the diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy of GBM."
1034,brain tumour,39447744,Safety and Efficacy of Ketorolac After Craniotomy for Tumor Resection.,"Postoperative pain is the most common undesirable outcome after neurosurgery. Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is administered parenterally and carries a theoretical increased risk of bleeding. Our study aims to determine whether ketorolac after craniotomy for tumor resection significantly changes the rate of postoperative adverse events, adequately controls pain, and decreases concurrent narcotic use."
1035,brain tumour,39447729,"New insights into the function and therapeutic potential of RNA-binding protein TRBP in viral infection, chronic metabolic diseases, brain disorders and cancer.","RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and non-coding RNAs are crucial trans-acting factors that bind to specific cis-acting elements in mRNAs, thereby regulating their stability and translation. The trans-activation response (TAR) RNA-binding protein (TRBP) recognizes precursor microRNAs (pre-miRNAs), modulates miRNA maturation, and influences miRNA interference (mi-RNAi) mediated by the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). TRBP also directly binds and mediates the degradation of certain mRNAs. Thus, TRBP acts as a hub for regulating gene expression and influences a variety of biological processes, including immune evasion, metabolic abnormalities, stress response, angiogenesis, hypoxia, and metastasis. Aberrant TRBP expression has been proven to be closely related to the initiation and progression of diseases, such as viral infection, chronic metabolic diseases, brain disorders, and cancer. This review summarizes the roles of TRBP in cancer and other diseases, the therapeutic potential of TRBP inhibition, and the current status of drug discovery on TRBP."
1036,brain tumour,39447443,"Pediatric Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors: Presentation, Diagnosis, Therapeutic Strategies, and Survivorship-A Review.","Central nervous system (CNS) embryonal tumors represent a diverse group of neoplasms and have a peak incidence in early childhood. These tumors can be located anywhere within the CNS, and presenting symptoms typically represent tumor location. These tumors display distinctive findings on neuroimaging and are staged using magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine as well as evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid. Diagnosis is made based on an integrated analysis of histologic and molecular features via tissue sampling. Risk stratification is based on integration of clinical staging and extent of resection with histologic and molecular risk factors. The therapeutic approach for these tumors is multimodal and includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, tailored to the individual patient factors (including age) and specific tumor type. Comprehensive supportive care including management of nausea, nutrition support, pain, fertility preservation, and mitigation of therapy-related morbidity (including hearing protection) is imperative through treatment of CNS embryonal tumors. Despite advances in therapy and supportive care, the long-term consequences of current treatment strategies are substantial. Integration of less toxic, molecularly targeted therapies and a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to survivorship care are essential to improving survival and the overall quality of life for survivors."
1037,brain tumour,39446583,Microglia regulate cortical remyelination via TNFR1-dependent phenotypic polarization.,"Microglia are strongly implicated in demyelinating neurodegenerative diseases with increasing evidence for roles in protection and healing, but the mechanisms that control CNS remyelination are poorly understood. Here, we show that microglia-specific deletion of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and pharmacological inhibition of soluble TNF (solTNF) or downstream interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) allow maturation of highly activated disease-associated microglia with increased size and myelin phagocytosis capacity that accelerate cortical remyelination and motor recovery. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of cortex at disease onset reveals that solTNF inhibition enhances reparative IL-10-responsive while preventing damaging IL-1-related signatures of disease-associated microglia. Longitudinal brain transcriptome analysis through disease reveals earlier recovery upon therapeutic loss of microglia TNFR1. The functional relevance of microglia inflammatory polarization pathways for disease is validated in vivo. Furthermore, disease-state microglia producing downstream IL-1/IL-18/caspase-11 targets are identified in human demyelinating lesions. Overall, redirecting disease microglia polarization by targeting cytokines is a potential approach for improving CNS repair in demyelinating disorders."
1038,brain tumour,39446525,GDH1-catalytic glutaminolysis feedback activate EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway and reprogram glioblastoma metabolism.,"Glutamine is an important nutriment for cancer cell growth that provides biological sources for nucleic acid and fatty acid synthesis, but the role of glutaminolysis in signal transduction and glioblastoma (GBM) progression remains little known."
1039,brain tumour,39446287,Key Genes Involved in the Beneficial Mechanism of Hyperbaric Oxygen for Glioblastoma and Predictive Indicators of Hyperbaric Oxygen Prolonging Survival in Glioblastoma Patients.,"The prognosis of glioblastoma is poor, and therapy-resistance is largely attributed to intratumor hypoxia. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) effectively alleviates hypoxia. However, the sole role of HBO in glioblastoma remains controversial. We previously reported that HBO can promote apoptosis, shorten protrusions, and delay growth of glioblastoma, but the molecular mechanism is unclear. We aimed to test candidate genes in HBO-exposed glioblastoma cells and to analyze their correlation with the survival of glioblastoma patients."
1040,brain tumour,39446196,Response assessment in pediatric neurooncology (RAPNO) criteria revisited: a practical navigation guide for neuroradiologists.,"The Response Assessment in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (RAPNO) Working Group is an international, collaborative network of experts dedicated to pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors that was created in 2011. Since then, six RAPNO articles with imaging guidelines for response assessment in diverse pediatric tumor subgroups have been published, namely: 1) medulloblastomas and leptomeningeal seeding tumors (2018), 2) pediatric high-grade gliomas (2020), 3) pediatric low-grade gliomas (2020), 4) diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (2020), 5) pediatric intracranial ependymomas (2022) and 6) pediatric craniopharyngiomas (2023). The purpose of this article is to review all current available RAPNO criteria using a systematized and comparative approach centered on the role of neuroradiologists and supported by neuroimaging examples. Special emphasis will be placed on clarification of core concepts as well as practical adoption aspects of the RAPNO guidelines, namely how and when to image the brain and/or the spine; how to interpret the imaging findings; which other clinical, therapeutic and laboratory variables to consider; and finally how to apply the information to attribute the final appropriate response assessment classification."
1041,brain tumour,39446099,"Malignant melanoma with liver, stomach, and duodenal metastasis.","Malignant melanoma (MM) is a common and highly invasive malignant tumor in clinical practice that is prone to occur in the skin and mucosa and prone to early metastasis. The common sites of metastasis are the liver, lungs, brain, etc. Metastatic gastrointestinal mucosa is relatively rare. Once metastasis occurs, the prognosis of patients is significantly worse. This article reports a case diagnosed as MM with liver, stomach, and duodenal metastasis by ultrasound-guided endoscopic puncture at Fengdu People's Hospital in Chongqing, with gastrointestinal discomfort as the initial symptom and a history of melanoma. Therefore, when a patient has a history of melanoma surgery and presents with digestive symptoms, it is necessary to consider the disease. Regular endoscopic screening should be performed, and early surgical treatment and postoperative chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy may improve patient prognosis and prolong patient survival."
1042,brain tumour,39445563,Comprehensive insights into glioblastoma multiforme: drug delivery challenges and multimodal treatment strategies.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common and malignant brain tumors, with a high prevalence in elderly population. Most chemotherapeutic agents fail to reach the tumor site due to various challenges. However, smart nanocarriers have demonstrated excellent drug-loading capabilities, enabling them to cross the blood brain tumor barrier for the GBM treatment. Surface modification of nanocarriers has significantly enhanced their potential for targeting therapeutics. Moreover, recent innovations in drug therapies, such as the incorporation of theranostic agents in nanocarriers and antibody-drug conjugates, have offered newer insights for both diagnosis and treatment. This review focuses on recent advances in new therapeutic interventions for GBM, with an emphasis on the nanotheranostics systems to maximize therapeutic and diagnostic outcomes."
1043,brain tumour,39445523,Reduced glutathione attenuates pediatric sepsis-associated encephalopathy by inhibiting inflammatory cytokine release and mitigating lipid peroxidation-induced brain injury.,"Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a severe complication of sepsis. Reduced glutathione (GSH) has antioxidant properties and is used as a neuroprotective agent in some studies. However, research on the application of exogenous GSH in the treatment of SAE is limited. This study aimed to determine the effects of exogenous GSH in pediatric SAE patients and mice. We evaluated clinical parameters, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress before and after GSH treatment. The clinical trials demonstrated that GSH treatment improved brain damage markers (S-100 beta protein, brain fatty acid-binding protein), increased neurological status scores (Glasgow coma scale), and reduced Pediatric Risk of Mortality III scores in children with SAE. GSH treatment also significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory factors (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α) and decreased lipid peroxidation (superoxide dismutase). Additionally, GSH reduced lipid peroxidation resulting from abnormal lipid metabolism, as indicated by the levels of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3, and glutathione peroxidase 4. In-vivo experiments showed that the neuroprotective effect of GSH was dose-dependent, with better effects observed at medium and high doses. Furthermore, GSH alleviated brain damage, suppressed the release of inflammatory factors, and inhibited lipid peroxidation in SAE mice. The animal experiments also showed that GSH reduces lipid peroxidation through the 15-lipoxygenase/phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1/glutathione peroxidase 4 pathway. Our study suggests that exogenous GSH has neuroprotective effects in pediatric SAE. These findings provide a basis for the potential use of GSH as a therapeutic method for SAE."
1044,brain tumour,39445449,A phase II study of anlotinib plus whole brain radiation therapy for patients with NSCLC with multiple brain metastases.,"Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is the mainstay of treatment for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with multiple brain metastases (BMs); however, the BRAIN study showed that the efficacy of WBRT is unsatisfactory. This prospective phase II study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of WBRT combined with anlotinib, a novel anti-angiogenic multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), in patients with multiple BMs (>3) from advanced NSCLC."
1045,brain tumour,39445428,Radiation-Induced Macrovessel/Microvessel Disease.,"Radiation therapy (RT) is a cornerstone in cancer treatment (used in 50% of cases), yet challenges persist because damage to normal tissue through direct impact of radiation or bystander effects is inevitable. Injury of macrovessels by RT manifests as obstructive disease, which is akin to atherosclerotic disease. Historically observed in coronary arteries of patients treated for breast cancer and lymphoma, it also affects patients receiving contemporary therapy for lung and chest cancers. Moreover, radiation at various sites can lead to peripheral vascular disease. An aspect of radiation-induced injury that has received little attention is microvascular injury, which typically results from damage to the endothelium and is considered the primary driver of RT-induced toxicity in the skin, kidney, and brain. This review delves into the clinical manifestations of RT-induced vascular disease, signaling pathways, cellular targets affected by radiation injury, and preclinical models of RT-induced vascular injury. The goal is to inspire the development of innovative strategies to prevent RT-related cardiovascular disease."
1046,brain tumour,39445339,Empowering the next generation in neuro-oncology: Introduction of the EANO Career Boost Initiative.,No abstract found
1047,brain tumour,39445338,Development of an intraventricular adeno-associated virus-based labeling strategy for glioblastoma cells nested in the subventricular zone.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a dreadful brain tumor, with a particular relationship to the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) that has been described as relevant to disease initiation, progression, and recurrence."
1048,brain tumour,39445308,Point-supervised Brain Tumor Segmentation with Box-prompted Medical Segment Anything Model.,"Delineating lesions and anatomical structure is important for image-guided interventions. Point-supervised medical image segmentation (PSS) has great potential to alleviate costly expert delineation labeling. However, due to the lack of precise size and boundary guidance, the effectiveness of PSS often falls short of expectations. Although recent vision foundational models, such as the medical segment anything model (MedSAM), have made significant advancements in bounding-box-prompted segmentation, it is not straightforward to utilize point annotation, and is prone to semantic ambiguity. In this preliminary study, we introduce an iterative framework to facilitate semantic-aware point-supervised MedSAM. Specifically, the semantic box-prompt generator (SBPG) module has the capacity to convert the point input into potential pseudo bounding box suggestions, which are explicitly refined by the prototype-based semantic similarity. This is then succeeded by a prompt-guided spatial refinement (PGSR) module that harnesses the exceptional generalizability of MedSAM to infer the segmentation mask, which also updates the box proposal seed in SBPG. Performance can be progressively improved with adequate iterations. We conducted an evaluation on BraTS2018 for the segmentation of whole brain tumors and demonstrated its superior performance compared to traditional PSS methods and on par with box-supervised methods."
1049,brain tumour,39445161,Pan-cancer analysis and experimental validation of FPR3 as a prognostic and immune infiltration-related biomarker for glioma.,"Formyl peptide receptor 3 (FPR3) is known to have implications in the progression of various cancer types. Despite this, its biological significance within pan-cancer datasets has yet to be investigated. In this investigation, we scrutinized FPR3's expression profiles, genetic alterations, prognostic significance, immune-related characteristics, methylation status, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) across different types of cancer. We utilized TISCH's single-cell data to identify immune cells closely associated with FPR3. The predictive significance of FPR3 was evaluated independently in gliomas using data from TCGA and CGGA datasets, leading to the development of a prognostic nomogram. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis confirmed FPR3 expression in gliomas. Lastly, the CCK-8 and wound-healing assays were employed to assess the impact of FPR3 on the proliferation and metastasis of GBM cell lines. In numerous cancer types, heightened FPR3 expression correlated with adverse outcomes, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoints, TMB, and MSI. In glioma, FPR3 emerged as a notable risk factor, with the prognostic model effectively forecasting patient results. The potential biological relevance of FPR3 was confirmed in glioma, and it was shown to have significant involvement in the processes of glioma growth, immune infiltration, and metastasis. Our results imply a potential association of FPR3 with tumor immunity, indicating its viability as a prognostic indicator in glioma."
1050,brain tumour,39445005,Application of a risk score model based on glycosylation-related genes in the prognosis and treatment of patients with low-grade glioma.,"Low-grade gliomas (LGG) represent a heterogeneous and complex group of brain tumors. Despite significant progress in understanding and managing these tumors, there are still many challenges that need to be addressed. Glycosylation, a common post-translational modification of proteins, plays a significant role in tumor transformation. Numerous studies have demonstrated a close relationship between glycosylation modifications and tumor progression. However, the biological function of glycosylation-related genes in LGG remains largely unexplored. Their potential roles within the LGG microenvironment are also not well understood."
1051,brain tumour,39444624,Sellar Schwannoma Masquerading as Giant Pituitary Adenoma: A Diagnostic Challenge.,
1052,brain tumour,39444426,"BLU-945, a potent and selective next-generation EGFR TKI, has antitumor activity in models of osimertinib-resistant non-small-cell lung cancer.","Despite the availability of several epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), most patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) eventually develop resistance to these agents. Notably, "
1053,brain tumour,39444362,A Novel ANG-BSA/BCNU/ICG MNPs Integrated for Targeting Therapy of Glioblastoma.,"Develop an albumin nanoparticle-based nanoprobe for targeted glioblastoma (GBM) diagnosis and treatment, utilizing Angopep-2 for low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) targeting."
1054,brain tumour,39444180,Olaparib: A Chemosensitizer for the Treatment of Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and deadly primary brain tumor. The current treatment for GBM includes adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), radiation therapy, and surgical tumor excision. There is still an issue because 50% of patients with GBM who get TMZ have low survival rates due to TMZ resistance. The activation of several DNA repair mechanisms, such as Base Excision Repair (BER), DNA Mismatch Repair (MMR), and O-6- Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT), is the main mechanism via which TMZ resistance develops. The zinc-finger DNA-binding enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1), which is activated by binding to DNA breaks, affects the activation of the MGMT, BER, and MMR pathway deficiency, which results in TMZ resistance in GBM. PARP inhibitors have been studied recently as sensitizing medications to increase TMZ potency. The first member of the PARP inhibitor family to be identified was Olaparib. It inhibits PARP1 and PARP2, which causes apoptosis in cancer cells and DNA strand break. Olaparib is currently investigated as a radio- and/or chemo-sensitizer in addition to being used as a single agent because it may increase the cytotoxic effects of other treatments. This review addresses Olaparib and its significance in treating TMZ resistance in GBM."
1055,brain tumour,39444045,Surgical treatment of long-term epilepsy-associated tumors guided by stereoelectroencephalography.,"Accurate detection and resection of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in patients with long-term epilepsy-associated tumors (LEATs) are significantly correlated with favorable seizure prognosis. However, the relationship between tumors and the EZ remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial relationship between LEATs and the EZ, as well as the electrophysiological features of LEATs."
1056,brain tumour,39444004,NDRG1 upregulation by ubiquitin proteasome system dysfunction aggravates neurodegeneration.,"Protein turnover is crucial for cell survival, and the impairment of proteostasis leads to cell death. Aging is associated with a decline in proteostasis, as the progressive accumulation of damaged proteins is a hallmark of age-related disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We previously discovered that the declining function of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in motor neurons contributes to sporadic ALS pathologies, such as progressive motor neuron loss, protein accumulation, and glial activation. However, the mechanisms of UPS dysfunction-induced cell damage, such as cell death and aggregation, are not fully understood. This study used transcriptome analysis of motor neurons with UPS dysfunction and found that the expression of N-myc downstream regulated 1 (NDRG1) gets upregulated by UPS dysfunction. Additionally, the upregulation of NDRG1 induces cell death in the Neuro2a mouse neuroblastoma cell line. These results suggest that NDRG1 is a potential marker for UPS dysfunction and may play a role in neurodegeneration, such as that seen in ALS."
1057,brain tumour,39443874,"In-depth exploration of the focus issues of TKI combined with radiotherapy for EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastasis: a systematic analysis based on literature metrology, meta-analysis, and real-world observational data.",There is a growing interest in utilizing a combination of brain radiotherapy (RT) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for patients diagnosed with brain metastases (BM) in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma (LAC). The current status of this treatment strategy remains a subject of debate.
1058,brain tumour,39443621,Automating cancer diagnosis using advanced deep learning techniques for multi-cancer image classification.,"Cancer detection poses a significant challenge for researchers and clinical experts due to its status as the leading cause of global mortality. Early detection is crucial, but traditional cancer detection methods often rely on invasive procedures and time-consuming analyses, creating a demand for more efficient and accurate solutions. This paper addresses these challenges by utilizing automated cancer detection through AI-based techniques, specifically focusing on deep learning models. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), including DenseNet121, DenseNet201, Xception, InceptionV3, MobileNetV2, NASNetLarge, NASNetMobile, InceptionResNetV2, VGG19, and ResNet152V2, are evaluated on image datasets for seven types of cancer: brain, oral, breast, kidney, Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, lung and colon, and cervical cancer. Initially, images undergo segmentation techniques, proceeded by contour feature extraction where parameters such as perimeter, area, and epsilon are computed. The models are rigorously evaluated, with DenseNet121 achieving the highest validation accuracy as 99.94%, 0.0017 as loss, and the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values as 0.036056 for training and 0.045826 for validation. These results revealed the capability of AI-based techniques in improving cancer detection accuracy, with DenseNet121 emerging as the most effective model in this study."
1059,brain tumour,39443424,Severe progression of a young-onset non-paraneoplastic Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome.,"The Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) is a rare neuromuscular disorder characterized by proximal muscle weakness, hyporeflexia or areflexia, and dysautonomia. Ocular and bulbar symptoms may also occur, though respiratory failure is uncommon; we report the case of a 21-year-old woman diagnosed with LEMS, without evidence of a tumor, who was initially treated with symptomatic medication, immunoglobulin, and steroids, resulting in significant clinical improvement. However, she later developed psychotic symptoms, prompting the discontinuation of steroids. Brain MRI and antineuronal antibody tests were negative. Subsequently, her condition deteriorated, leading to respiratory distress that required urgent intubation, and prolonged dysphagia that necessitated the insertion of a gastrostomy tube for nutrition, along with the maintenance of a tracheostomy. Plasmapheresis was performed, resulting in partial motor recovery. Rituximab was then introduced, leading to sustained improvement in her neuromuscular symptoms, although her neuropsychiatric symptoms persisted; this case highlights a severe progression of young-onset LEMS, marked by prominent bulbar dysfunction and respiratory distress. Neuromuscular improvement followed rituximab treatment, while the concurrent psychotic symptoms appeared to follow an independent course, suggesting a primary psychiatric comorbidity."
1060,brain tumour,39443392,Structural and dynamical insights revealed the anti-glioblastoma potential of withanolides from Withania coagulans against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR).,"Glioblastoma (GBM), well known as grade 4 tumors due to its progressive malignant features such as vascular proliferation and necrosis, is the most aggressive form of primary brain tumor found in adults. Mutations and amplifications in the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) contribute to almost 25% of GBM tumors. And thus, VEGFR has been declared the primary target in glioblastoma therapeutic strategies. However, many studies have been previously reported that include GBM as global therapeutics challenge, but they lack the molecular level insights that could help in understanding the biological function of a therapeutically important protein playing a major role in the disease and design the best strategies to develop the potential drugs."
1061,brain tumour,39443331,Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 facilitates the temozolomide resistance and migration of GBM via the MEK/ERK signalling.,"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 (MAP3K1) is overexpressed in gliomas; however, its clinical significance, biological functions, and underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Abnormal overexpression of MAP3K1 in glioma is strongly associated with unfavourable clinicopathological characteristics and disease progression. MAP3K1 could potentially serve as a reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for glioma. MAP3K1 silencing suppressed the migration but had no effect on the proliferation and cell death of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) cells. MAP3K1 knockdown exacerbated the temozolomide (TMZ) induced inhibition of glioma cell proliferation and death of GBM cells. In addition, MAP3K1 knockdown combined with TMZ treatment significantly inhibited the growth and increased cell death in organoids derived from GBM patients. MAP3K1 knockdown reversed TMZ resistance of GBM in intracranial glioma model. In terms of molecular mechanisms, the phosphorylation level of ERK was significantly decreased by MAP3K1 silencing. No significant change in the JNK pathway was found in MAP3K1-silenced GBM cells. Inhibition of ERK phosphorylation suppressed the migration and enhanced the TMZ sensibility of GBM cells. MAP3K1 was correlated with the immune infiltration in glioma. MAP3K1 could facilitate the migration and TMZ resistance of GBM cells through MEK/ERK signalling."
1062,brain tumour,39443266,Systems immunology insights into brain metastasis.,"Brain metastasis poses formidable clinical challenges due to its intricate interactions with the brain's unique immune environment, often resulting in poor prognoses. This review delves into systems immunology's role in uncovering the dynamic interplay between metastatic cancer cells and brain immunity. Leveraging spatial and single-cell technologies, along with advanced computational modeling, systems immunology offers unprecedented insights into mechanisms of immune evasion and tumor proliferation. Recent studies highlight potential immunotherapeutic targets, suggesting strategies to boost antitumor immunity and counteract cancer cell evasion in the brain. Despite substantial progress, challenges persist, particularly in accurately simulating human conditions. This review underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to harness systems immunology's full potential, aiming to dramatically improve outcomes for patients with brain metastasis."
1063,brain tumour,39443151,Repeatability and Reproducibility of pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling Measured Brain Perfusion in Healthy Volunteers and Glioblastoma Patients.,Arterial spin labeled (ASL) MRI has gained recognition as a quantitative perfusion imaging method for managing patients with brain tumors. Limited studies have so far investigated the reproducibility of ASL-derived perfusion in patients with brain tumors. This study aims to evaluate intrasession repeatability and intersession reproducibility of perfusion measurements using 3D pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL) with Cartesian TSE (TSE-CASPR) in healthy volunteers (HV) and glioblastoma (GBM) patients at 3 Tesla and compare against 3D pCASL with GRASE.
1064,brain tumour,39443086,Association between Fat-Soluble Vitamin Metabolic Process and Glioma Progression.,"Although multimodality therapy has recently advanced, patients with glioblastoma, one of the most aggressive and deadly types of central nervous system cancer, have a very poor prognosis and rare long-term survival. Vitamins are essential organic nutrients that play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis, and various studies have demonstrated the implication of vitamins in the pathophysiology of gliomas. Herein, we aimed to investigate the association of the vitamin metabolic pathway and the corresponding candidate genes for the malignancy, aggressiveness, and poor prognosis of gliomas using The Cancer Genome Atlas database of patients with gliomas. We demonstrated that fat-soluble vitamin metabolic processes are prominently associated with glioma grade, molecular biomarkers, molecular subtypes, and clinical outcomes. Moreover, we identified the key genes related to the fat-soluble metabolic pathway in gliomas using differentially expressed gene analysis. Among them, the expression of the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1), encoding VKOR essential for the vitamin K-dependent γ-carboxylation of target proteins, was prominently associated with not only malignancy, aggressiveness, and poor prognosis of gliomas but also the representative signal pathways related to glioma pathogenesis. Moreover, the inactivation of Vkorc1 by RNA interference decreased the proliferation and migration potential of glioma cells in vitro. Collectively, these findings reveal the pivotal role of fat-soluble vitamin and vitamin K metabolic processes in the pathophysiology of gliomas, thereby identifying a potential target for drug development for the treatment of malignant gliomas."
1065,brain tumour,39442927,CIC/ATXN1-rearranged tumors in the central nervous system are mainly represented by sarcomas: A comprehensive clinicopathological and epigenetic series.,"CIC fusions have been described in two different central nervous system (CNS) tumor entities. On one hand, fusions of CIC or ATXN1 genes belonging to the same complex of transcriptional repressors, were reported in the CIC-rearranged, sarcoma (SARC-CIC). The diagnosis of this tumor type, which was recently added to the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of CNS tumors, is difficult mainly because the data concerning its histopathology (as compared to its soft tissue counterpart), immunoprofile, and clinical as well as radiological characteristics are scarce in the literature. On the other hand, a recent study, based on DNA-methylation profiling, has identified a novel high-grade neuroepithelial tumor characterized by recurrent CIC fusions (HGNET-CIC). The aim of this multicentric study was to characterize a cohort of 15 primary CNS tumors harboring a CIC or ATXN1 fusion in terms of clinical, radiological, histopathological, immunophenotypical, and epigenetic characteristics. According to the integrated diagnoses, 14/15 tumors corresponded to SARC-CIC, and only one to HGNET-CIC. The tumors showed similar clinical (mainly pediatric), radiological (mostly supratentorial, cystic, and contrast enhancing), immunophenotypical (common expression of glioneuronal markers), and genetic (similar spectrum of fusions) profiles but their histopathological appearance was clearly distinct. Moreover, we found a novel fusion transcript (CIC::EWSR1) in a SARC-CIC. Most DNA methylation profiles using the Heidelberg Brain Tumor Classifier (v12.8) annotated the samples to the methylation class ""SARC-CIC"" (9/14 tumors with available data). By using uniform manifold approximation and projection analysis, four other samples were classified as SARC-CIC and another clustered within the methylation class of HGNET-CIC. Our findings confirm that CNS CIC-fused tumors do not represent a single molecular tumor entity. Further analyses are needed to characterize HGNET-CIC in more detail. These results may help to refine the essential diagnostic criteria for SARC-CIC and their terminology (with a suggested consensual name of sarcoma, CIC/ATXN1-complex rearranged)."
1066,brain tumour,39442522,Adipocyte-derived glutathione promotes obesity-related breast cancer by regulating the SCARB2-ARF1-mTORC1 complex.,"Obesity is a major risk factor for poor breast cancer outcomes, but the impact of obesity-induced tumor microenvironment (TME) metabolites on breast cancer growth and metastasis remains unclear. Here, we performed TME metabolomic analysis in high-fat diet (HFD) mouse models and found that glutathione (GSH) levels were elevated in the TME of obesity-accelerated breast cancer. The deletion of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis, in adipocytes but not tumor cells reduced obesity-related tumor progression. Mechanistically, we identified that GSH entered tumor cells and directly bound to lysosomal integral membrane protein-2 (scavenger receptor class B, member 2 [SCARB2]), interfering with the interaction between its N and C termini. This, in turn, recruited mTORC1 to lysosomes through ARF1, leading to the activation of mTOR signaling. Overall, we demonstrated that GSH links obesity and breast cancer progression by acting as an activator of mTOR signaling. Targeting the GSH/SCARB2/mTOR axis could benefit breast cancer patients with obesity."
1067,brain tumour,39442494,Comparative in Silico study of apigenin and its dimeric forms on PIM1 kinase in glioblastoma multiform.,"This study aimed to investigate and compare the binding affinity of apigenin and its dimeric flavonoid forms to PIM1 kinase in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an aggressive and lethal brain cancer. Apigenin is a natural herbal product that has demonstrated anti-cancer effects in numerous studies, both in vitro and in vivo, on various cancers. Our in silico analysis showed that PIM1 expression was significantly higher in GBM tumor tissue compared to normal brain tissue, and high PIM1 expression correlated with worse survival rates in patients with GBM. Also, our molecular docking studies showed that apigenin and its dimeric flavonoids, such as amentoflavone and hinokiflavone, can bind to the ATP-binding site of PIM1 with significant binding affinity and form various intermolecular interactions with key amino acid residues. Notably, dimeric flavonoids have a stronger binding affinity than apigenin, indicating their potential as potent PIM1 inhibitors. Our findings demonstrated the therapeutic potential of apigenin and its dimeric flavonoid forms in treating GBM by targeting PIM1 kinase. The observed inhibitory effects of PIM1 can inhibit tumor growth, induce cell cycle arrest, and promote apoptosis. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to confirm their anticancer potentials and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of these compounds in GBM treatment."
1068,brain tumour,39442478,Carcinoid heart disease in patients with advanced small-intestinal neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoid syndrome: a retrospective experience from two European referral centers.,"Up to 50% of patients with advanced small-intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) and carcinoid syndrome (CS) develop carcinoid heart disease (CHD). However, the true frequency and prognostic markers for CHD in CS are lacking. We described the real-world management of patients in two NET referral centers in this clinical context and relationships between clinical features, including CHD and overall survival (OS)."
1069,brain tumour,39442441,Synthetic MRI in action: A novel framework in data augmentation strategies for robust multi-modal brain tumor segmentation.,"Brain tumor diagnostics rely heavily on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning due to its non-invasive nature and detailed soft tissue visualization. Integrating multiple MRI modalities enhances diagnostic precision by providing complementary perspectives on tumor characteristics and spatial relationships. However, acquiring specific modalities like T1 Contrast Enhanced (T1CE) can be challenging, as they require contrast agents and longer scan times, which can cause discomfort, particularly in vulnerable patient groups such as the elderly, pregnant women, and infants. In the medical imaging domain, researchers face significant challenges in developing robust models due to data scarcity and data sparsity. Data scarcity, arising from limited access to diverse datasets, complex annotation processes, privacy concerns, and the difficulty of acquiring certain modalities in some patient groups, impedes the development of comprehensive brain tumor segmentation models. Data sparsity, driven by the highly imbalanced distribution between tumor subregions and background levels in annotated labels, complicates accurate segmentation. The study addresses these challenges by generating synthetic T1CE scans from T1 using an image-to-image translation framework, thereby reducing the reliance on hard-to-acquire modalities. A novel patch-based data sampling approach, Adaptive Random Patch Selection (ARPS), is introduced to combat data sparsity, ensuring detailed segmentation of intricate tumor structures while maintaining context through overlapping patches and context-aware sampling strategies. The impact of these synthetic images on segmentation performance is also assessed, emphasizing their role in addressing situations where certain modalities cannot be acquired. When integrated into the nnUNet model, this approach achieves a dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 86.47, demonstrating its efficacy in handling complex MRI scans of brain tumors. An ablation study is also conducted to assess the individual contributions of the translated images and the proposed data sampling approach. This comprehensive evaluation allows us to understand the effectiveness of ARPS and the potential synergy between multi-modal translation and brain tumor segmentation."
1070,brain tumour,39442410,Dual-targeted TfRA4-DNA1-Ag@AuNPs: An innovative radiosensitizer for enhancing radiotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme.,"Radiation therapy (RT) is one of the most effective and widely used treatment methods for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, its efficacy is often compromised by the inherent radioresistance of tumor cells, while the restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) specifically impedes the delivery of radiosensitizer. Thus, we constructed and characterized polyethylene glycol (PEG)-functionalized silver-gold core-shell nanoparticles (PSGNPs) targeting both BBB (TfRA4) and GBM (DNA1) (TDSGNPs). Afterwards, studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo were employed to assess the BBB penetration capabilities, abilities of GBM targeting and radiosensitization effect. Transmission electron microscope images of PSGNPs showed a core-shell structure, and the results of ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering displayed that TDSGNPs were successfully constructed with excellent dispersion properties. TDSGNPs could be specifically taken up by U87MG cells and the uptake peaked at 24 h. TDSGNPs combined with RT obviously increased the apoptosis proportion of the cells. It was shown by the in vitro and in vivo investigations that TDSGNPs could target U87MG cells after crossing the BBB, and further study revealed that TDSGNPs showed an uptake peak in the tumor sites after 3 h intravenous injection. The radiosensitization of TDSGNPs was better than that of the nanoparticles modified with single aptamers and the median survival of tumor-bearing mice was greatly extended. This study demonstrated that TDSGNPs could penetrate BBB to target GBM, functioning as a promising radiosensitizer for the targeted therapy of GBM."
1071,brain tumour,39441930,"Multiomic and clinical analysis of multiply recurrent meningiomas reveals risk factors, underlying biology, and insights into evolution.","An important subset of meningiomas behaves aggressively and is characterized by multiple recurrences. We identify clinical, genetic, and epigenetic predictors of multiply recurrent meningiomas (MRMs) and evaluate the evolution of these meningiomas in patient-matched samples. On multivariable binomial logistic regression, MRMs were significantly associated with male sex ("
1072,brain tumour,39441704,"Central nervous system tumors in adolescents and young adults: A Society for Neuro-Oncology consensus review on diagnosis, management, and future directions.","Adolescents and young adults (AYAs; ages 15-39 years) are a vulnerable population facing challenges in oncological care, including access to specialized care, transition of care, unique tumor biology, and poor representation in clinical trials. Brain tumors are the second most common tumor type in AYA, with malignant brain tumors being the most common cause of cancer-related death. The 2021 WHO Classification for central nervous system (CNS) Tumors highlights the importance of integrated molecular characterization with histologic diagnosis in several tumors relevant to the AYA population. In this position paper from the Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO), the diagnosis and management of CNS tumors in AYA is reviewed, focusing on the most common tumor types in this population, namely glioma, medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and CNS germ cell tumor. Current challenges and future directions specific to AYA are also highlighted. Finally, possible solutions to address barriers in the care of AYA patients are discussed, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary and collaborative approaches that span the pediatric and adult paradigms of care, and incorporating advanced molecular testing, targeted therapy, and AYA-centered care."
1073,brain tumour,39441459,Metabolomic profiling of childhood medulloblastoma: contributions and relevance to diagnosis and molecular subtyping.,"The incidence of brain tumors among children is second only to acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but the mortality rate of brain tumors has exceeded that of leukemia, making it the most common cause of death among children. Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common type of brain tumor among children. Malignant brain tumors have strong invasion and metastasis capabilities, can spread through cerebrospinal fluid, and have a high mortality rate. In 2010, the World Health Organization first divided MB into four molecular subtypes based on molecular markers: WNT, Sonic hedgehog (SHH), Group 3, and Group 4. MB is a highly heterogeneous tumor. Different molecular subtypes of MB have significantly different clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics. The prognosis of MB varies significantly among patients with different subtypes of this cancer. Thus, it is needed to study new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Metabolomics is an advanced analytical technology that uses various spectroscopic, electrochemical, and data analysis technologies to study and analyze the body's metabolites. By detecting changes in metabolite types and quantities in different types of samples, it can sensitively discover the physiological and pathological changes in the body. It has great potential for clinical application and personalized medicine. It is promising and can help develop personalized treatment strategies based on the metabolic profiles of individuals. It can unravel the unique metabolic profiles of MB, which may revolutionize our understanding of the disease and improve patients' outcomes."
1074,brain tumour,39441442,Antioxidant Effects of Tryptanthrin Oxime.,"We studied the radical-binding and antioxidant activities of the alkaloid tryptanthrin (TR) and its new synthetic derivative tryptanthrin oxime (TR-Ox), as well as the cytoprotective activity of TR-Ox under conditions of oxidative stress. The antiradical activity of TR-Ox was revealed in the test of binding with stable chromogen radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and in the superoxide radical generation test (riboflavin photoreduction reaction with detection by NBT reduction). TR-Ox was inferior to ionol and dihydroquercetin by the antiradical activity. In these tests, TR did not exhibit antiradical activity. TR-Ox did not show iron-chelating activity (in the test with the formation of the o-phenanthroline-Fe"
1075,brain tumour,39441285,THE EFFECT OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN SODIUM IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE EXACERBATION OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE COMORBID WITH PULMONARY HEART DISEASE ON PROMOTING THE BALANCE OF BLOOD VESSELS.,"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a frequently occurring and common respiratory disease which has an incidence of 13.7% among people over 40 years in China, and now nearly 100 million people at home suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To observe the effect of Low molecular weight heparin sodium in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) comorbid with pulmonary heart disease (PHD) on blood vessels."
1076,brain tumour,39440923,New Anti-Angiogenic Therapy for Glioblastoma With the Anti-Depressant Sertraline.,"Anti-angiogenic therapies prolong patient survival in some malignancies but not glioblastoma. We focused on the relationship between the differentiation of glioma stem like cells (GSCs) into tumor derived endothelial cells (TDECs) and, anti-angiogenic therapy resistance. Especially we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of drug resistance of TDECs to anti-angiogenic inhibitors and identify novel anti-angiogenic drugs with clinical applications."
1077,brain tumour,39440520,Fulminant leptomeningeal disease diagnosed as comutant H3F3A and FGFR diffuse midline glioma.,"Diffuse midline gliomas present a particularly intricate and challenging clinical scenario. This rare case involves a patient with comutant H3F3A and FGFR diffuse midline glioma with a clinical presentation of fulminant leptomeningitis. A 22-year-old male presented with fatal and fulminant diffuse leptomeningitis. Next-generation sequencing of plasma and cerebrospinal circulating tumour DNA revealed diffuse midline gliomas with H3F3A and FGFR mutations. Methylome analysis of meningeal tissue collected during autopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Liquid biopsy plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of diffuse midline gliomas, mainly those with exclusively leptomeningeal presentations."
1078,brain tumour,39440342,Recent updates in pediatric diffuse glioma classification: insights and conclusions from the WHO 5,The World Health Organization (WHO) Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumors Classification 5
1079,brain tumour,39439956,The mutated in colorectal cancer (,"The mutated in colorectal cancer (MCC) gene was initially identified as a candidate tumor suppressor gene in colorectal cancer, acting as a negative regulator of cell cycle progression. However, its functional roles in brain tumors, particularly glioblastoma, remain largely unexplored. This study reveals a significant association between MCC status and glioblastoma."
1080,brain tumour,39439947,Challenges and advances in glioblastoma targeted therapy: the promise of drug repurposing and biomarker exploration.,"Glioblastoma remains the most prevalent and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults, characterized by limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. Previous drug repurposing efforts have yielded only marginal survival benefits, particularly those involving inhibitors targeting receptor tyrosine kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase-retinoblastoma pathways. This limited efficacy is likely due to several critical challenges, including the tumor's molecular heterogeneity, the dynamic evolution of its genetic profile, and the restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier that impedes effective drug delivery. Emerging diagnostic tools, such as circulating tumor DNA and extracellular vesicles, offer promising non-invasive methods for real-time tumor monitoring, potentially enabling the application of targeted therapies to more selected patient populations. Moreover, innovative drug delivery strategies, including focused ultrasound, implantable drug-delivery systems, and engineered nanoparticles, hold potential for enhancing the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of treatments."
1081,brain tumour,39439563,Long term outcomes of pituitary adenomas in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1: a nationwide study.,"Historically, Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)-related pituitary adenomas (PAs) were considered more aggressive and treatment-resistant than sporadic PAs. However, recent studies suggest similarities in their behavior. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of MEN1 PAs and identify predictive factors."
1082,brain tumour,39439236,Fecal samples and rectal swabs adequately reflect the human colonic luminal microbiota.,"The appropriateness of the fecal microbiota to adequately reflect the gut microbiota composition from more difficult to access luminal content at different colonic locations has been debated. Here, in a healthy population, luminal samples were collected from terminal ileum to rectum using an unique sampling technique without the need of prior bowel cleansing/preparation. Rectal swabs were collected immediately prior colonoscopy by an experienced physician, and fecal samples were collected at home by the participants themselves. Microbiota composition was evaluated as relative abundance, α-diversity and Bray-Curtis dissimilarities. Our data suggest that fecal samples and rectal swabs present noninvasive, easily accessible, low-cost sampling tools that are accurate proxies to characterize luminal large intestinal microbiota composition."
1083,brain tumour,39438983,"Disseminated Cryptococcus over pancreas, lung, and brain: a case report.","Cryptococcus is an opportunistic infection acquired through inhalation from the environment, primarily affecting individuals with compromised immune systems. It typically leads to pneumonia upon passing through lung tissue. The infection can disseminate to various organs via the bloodstream, resulting in meningitis or encephalitis in the central nervous system. Disseminated Cryptococcus has been reported to involve the skin, liver, eyes, lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, kidneys, and intestines, significantly increasing morbidity and mortality. However, pancreatic involvement in Cryptococcus is relatively rare, and a few case reports have highlighted severe organ damage and high mortality rates."
1084,brain tumour,39438917,Photoimmunotherapy using indocyanine green-loaded Codium fragile polysaccharide and chitosan nanoparticles suppresses tumor growth and metastasis.,"Metastasis and recurrence are the main challenges in cancer treatment. Among various therapeutic approaches, immunotherapy holds promise for preventing metastasis and recurrence. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of treating primary cancer and blocking metastasis and recurrence with photo-immunotherapeutic nanoparticles, which were synthesized using two types of charged polysaccharides. Codium fragile polysaccharide (CFP), which exhibits immune-stimulating properties and carries a negative charge, was combined with positively charged chitosan to synthesize nanoparticles. Additionally, indocyanine green (ICG), a photosensitizer, was loaded inside these particles and was referred to as chitosan-CFP-ICG (CC-ICG). Murine colon cancer cells (CT-26) internalized CC-ICG, and subsequent 808-nanometer laser irradiation promoted apoptotic/necrotic cell death. Moreover, intratumoral injection of CC-ICG, with 808-nanometer laser irradiation eliminated CT-26 tumors in mice. Rechallenged lung metastases of CT-26 cancer were inhibited by dendritic cell activation-mediated cytotoxic T lymphocyte stimulation in mice cured by CC-ICG. These results demonstrated that CC-ICG is a natural tumor therapeutic with the potential to treat primary tumors and suppress metastasis and recurrence."
1085,brain tumour,39438862,"Low PD-L1 expression, MAP2K2 alterations, and enriched HPV gene signatures characterize brain metastases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.","Brain metastasis (BM) is a rare but severe complication of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), with limited knowledge of molecular characteristics and immunogenicity."
1086,brain tumour,39438642,Prognosis prediction via histological evaluation of cellular heterogeneity in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most aggressive types of central nervous system tumors. Although certain genomic alterations have been identified as prognostic biomarkers of GBMs, the histomorphological features that predict their prognosis remain elusive. In this study, following an integrative diagnosis of 227 GBMs based on the 2021 World Health Organization classification system, the cases were histologically fractionated by cellular variations and abundance to evaluate the relationship between cellular heterogeneity and prognosis in combination with O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene promoter methylation (mMGMTp) status. GBMs comprised four major cell types: astrocytic, pleomorphic, gemistocytic, and rhabdoid cells. t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding analysis using the histological abundance of heterogeneous cell types identified two distinct groups with significantly different prognoses. In individual cell component analysis, the abundance of gemistocytes showed a significantly favorable prognosis but confounding to mMGMTp status. Conversely, the abundance of epithelioid cells was correlated with the unfavorable prognosis. Linear model analysis showed the favorable prognostic utility of quantifying gemistocytic and epithelioid cells, independent of mMGMTp. The evaluation of GBM cell histomorphological heterogeneity is more effective for prognosis prediction in combination with mMGMTp analysis, indicating that histomorphological analysis is a practical and useful prognostication tool in an integrative diagnosis of GBMs."
1087,brain tumour,39438602,Matched three-dimensional organoids and two-dimensional cell lines of melanoma brain metastases mirror response to targeted molecular therapy.,"Despite advances in the treatment paradigm for patients with metastatic melanoma, melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) continues to represent a significant treatment challenge. The study of MBM is limited, in part, by shortcomings in existing preclinical models. Surgically eXplanted Organoids (SXOs) are ex vivo, three-dimensional cultures prepared from primary tissue samples with minimal processing that recapitulate genotypic and phenotypic features of parent tumors without an artificial extracellular scaffold. MBM SXOs were created by a novel protocol incorporating techniques for establishing glioma and cutaneous melanoma organoids. A BRAF"
1088,brain tumour,39438579,A multimodality score strategy for assessing the risk of immune checkpoint inhibitors related cardiotoxicity.,"This study aimed to find the association between four common clinical biomarkers and subsequent ICICT, developing a risk scoring strategy to assess the ICICT risk. Three terminals for ICICT were : Terminal 1, cancer therapy-related cardiomyopathies; Terminal 2, myocarditis or heart failure; and Terminal 3, myocarditis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, atrial fibrillation, or death. The thresholds were : N-terminal-pro-B-type-natriuretic-peptide ≥ 125 pg/mL, cardiac troponin T ≥ 6 ng/L, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ≥ 3 mg/L, and coronary artery calcium score > 10 U. Each of the four abnormal biomarkers received 1 point. The links between biomarkers, score stage, and ICICT were analyzed. 375 patients with a mean follow-up of 1.91 years were included. All four biomarkers measured before immunotherapy were associated with a higher risk of developing ICICT. These scores were also associated with ICICT risk. The highest risk was the very high stage (score = 4) has 7.29, 8.83, and 7.02 folder higher risk compared to low risk group for Terminal 1-3, respectively. The cumulation of incidences also showed that the higher stages of score had an earlier onset and higher incidence of ICICT. 4 biomarkers and the scoring strategy enables clinicians to assess risk easily."
1089,brain tumour,39438136,Expression of Concern: Betulinic Acid: A New Cytotoxic Agent Against Malignant Brain-tumor Cells.,No abstract found
1090,brain tumour,39437968,Recent advances in liposomes and peptide-based therapeutics for glioblastoma treatment.,"In the context of glioblastoma treatment, the penetration of drugs is drastically limited by the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Emerging therapies have focused on the field of therapeutic peptides for their excellent BBB targeting properties that promote a deep tumor penetration. Peptide-based strategies are also renowned for their abilities of driving cargo such as liposomal system allowing an active targeting of receptors overexpressed on GBM cells. This review provides a detailed description of the internalization mechanisms of specific GBM homing and penetrating peptides as well as the latest in vitro/in vivo studies of liposomes functionalized with them. The purpose of this review is to summarize a selection of promising pre-clinical results that demonstrate the advantages of this nanosystem, including an increase of tumor cell targeting, triggering drug accumulation and thus a strong antitumor effect. Aware of the early stage of these studies, many challenges need to be overcome to promote peptide-directed liposome at clinical level. In particular, the lack of suitable production, the difficulty to characterize the nanosystem and therapeutic competition leaded by antibodies."
1091,brain tumour,39437704,RRM2 inhibition alters cell cycle through ATM/Rb/E2F1 pathway in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor.,"Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is an aggressive brain tumor that mainly affects young children. Our recent study reported a promising therapeutic strategy to trigger DNA damage, impede homologous recombination repair, and induce apoptosis in ATRT cells by targeting ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2). COH29, an inhibitor of RRM2, effectively reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival in vivo. Herein, we explored the underlying mechanisms controlling these functions to improve the clinical applicability of COH29 in ATRT."
1092,brain tumour,39437552,Artificial intelligence and omics in malignant gliomas.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common and aggressive type of malignant glioma with an average survival time of 12-18 mo. Despite the utilization of extensive surgical resections using cutting-edge neuroimaging, and advanced chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the prognosis remains unfavorable. The heterogeneity of GBM and the presence of the blood-brain barrier further complicate the therapeutic process. It is crucial to adopt a multifaceted approach in GBM research to understand its biology and advance toward effective treatments. In particular, omics research, which primarily includes genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and epigenomics, helps us understand how GBM develops, finds biomarkers, and discovers new therapeutic targets. The availability of large-scale multiomics data requires the development of computational models to infer valuable biological insights for the implementation of precision medicine. Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to a host of computational algorithms that is becoming a major tool capable of integrating large omics databases. Although the application of AI tools in GBM-omics is currently in its early stages, a thorough exploration of AI utilization to uncover different aspects of GBM (subtype classification, prognosis, and survival) would have a significant impact on both researchers and clinicians. Here, we aim to review and provide database resources of different AI-based techniques that have been used to study GBM pathogenesis using multiomics data over the past decade. We summarize different types of GBM-related omics resources that can be used to develop AI models. Furthermore, we explore various AI tools that have been developed using either individual or integrated multiomics data, highlighting their applications and limitations in the context of advancing GBM research and treatment."
1093,brain tumour,39437485,Empagliflozin protects the heart from atrial fibrillation in rats through inhibiting the NF-κB/HIF-1α regulatory axis and atrial remodeling.,Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of sustained cardiac arrhythmia. The current study aimed to investigate the potential of empagliflozin (EMPA) to protect against acetylcholine (ACh)/calcium chloride (CaCl
1094,brain tumour,39437292,Flow-controlled air-jet for in vivo quasi steady-state and dynamic elastography with MHz optical coherence tomography.,"Optical coherence elastography (OCE) has been introduced for several medical applications to determine tissue mechanical parameters. However, in order to measure sensitive healthy tissue like brain in vivo, the excitation force needs to be carefully controlled and as low as possible (under 100 μN). Preferably, the excitation should be applied in a non-contact manner."
1095,brain tumour,39437149,Distant Metastases of Breast Cancer Resemble Primary Tumors in Cancer Cell Composition but Differ in Immune Cell Phenotypes.,"Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women, with distant metastasis being the main cause of breast cancer-related deaths. Elucidating the changes in the tumor and immune ecosystems that are associated with metastatic disease is essential to improve understanding and ultimately treatment of metastasis. Here, we developed an in-depth, spatially resolved single-cell atlas of the phenotypic diversity of tumor and immune cells in primary human breast tumors and matched distant metastases, using imaging mass cytometry to analyze a total of 75 unique antibody targets. While the same tumor cell phenotypes were typically present in primary tumors and metastatic sites, suggesting a strong founder effect of the primary tumor, their proportions varied between matched samples. Notably, the metastatic site did not influence tumor phenotype composition, except for the brain. Metastatic sites exhibited a lower number of immune cells overall, but had a higher proportion of myeloid cells as well as exhausted and cytotoxic T cells. Myeloid cells showed distinct tissue-specific compositional signatures and increased presence of potentially matrix remodeling phenotypes in metastatic sites. This analysis of tumor and immune cell phenotypic composition of metastatic breast cancer highlights the heterogeneity of the disease within patients and across distant metastatic sites, indicating myeloid cells as the predominant immune modulators that could potentially be targeted at these sites."
1096,brain tumour,39436961,Preclinical assessment of MAGMAS inhibitor as a potential therapy for pediatric medulloblastoma.,"Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. It has WNT-driven, SHH-driven/TP53 mutant, SHH-driven/TP53 wildtype, and non-WNT/non-SHH subgroups. MAGMAS (Mitochondrial Associated Granulocyte Macrophage colony-stimulating factor Signaling molecules) encodes a mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit and is responsible for the translocation of matrix proteins across the inner membrane. We previously reported that a small molecule MAGMAS inhibitor, BT9, decreases cell proliferation, migration, and oxidative phosphorylation in adult glioblastoma cell lines. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the chemotherapeutic effect of BT9 can be extended to pediatric medulloblastoma."
1097,brain tumour,39436839,Clinical profile of patients with surgical brain abscesses and etiology in a reference hospital.,"The annual incidence of brain abscesses is 1-2% in developed countries and up to 8% in developing countries. Our aim was to describe the profile and etiological agents of patients with surgical brain infections according to their nosological diagnosis on admission, and to analyze whether the initial diagnosis influenced the neurological deficit at discharge."
1098,brain tumour,39436421,Health-related quality of life and supportive care needs in young adult cancer survivors-a longitudinal population-based study.,To examine health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and supportive care needs among young adult (YA) cancer survivors up to 3 years post-diagnosis.
1099,brain tumour,39436010,Evaluation of Alpha-Synuclein and Tau Antiaggregation Activity of Urea and Thiourea-Based Small Molecules for Neurodegenerative Disease Therapeutics.,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are multifactorial, chronic diseases involving neurodegeneration. According to recent studies, it is hypothesized that the intraneuronal and postsynaptic accumulation of misfolded proteins such as α-synuclein (α-syn) and tau, responsible for Lewy bodies (LB) and tangles, respectively, disrupts neuron functions. Considering the co-occurrence of α-syn and tau inclusions in the brains of patients afflicted with subtypes of dementia and LB disorders, the discovery and development of small molecules for the inhibition of α-syn and tau aggregation can be a potentially effective strategy to delay neurodegeneration. Urea is a chaotropic agent that alters protein solubilization and hydrophobic interactions and inhibits protein aggregation and precipitation. The presence of three hetero atoms (O/S and N) in proximity can coordinate with neutral, mono, or dianionic groups to form stable complexes in the biological system. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated urea and thiourea linkers with various substitutions on either side of the carbamide or thiocarbamide functionality to compare the aggregation inhibition of α-syn and tau. A thioflavin-T (ThT) fluorescence assay was used to evaluate the level of fibril formation and monitor the anti-aggregation effect of the different compounds. We opted for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as a direct means to confirm the anti-fibrillar effect. The oligomer formation was monitored via the photoinduced cross-linking of unmodified proteins (PICUP). The anti-inclusion and anti-seeding activities of the best compounds were evaluated using M17D intracellular inclusion and biosensor cell-based assays, respectively. Disaggregation experiments were performed with amyloid plaques extracted from AD brains. The analogues with indole, benzothiazole, or "
1100,brain tumour,39434925,Approaches for prevention of tumors in patients with rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome.,Patients with rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome (RTPS) harbor germline alterations in the epigenetic regulator genes 
1101,brain tumour,39434924,Tumor volume features predict survival outcomes for patients diagnosed with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.,Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a fatal childhood central nervous system tumor. Diagnosis and monitoring of tumor response to therapy is based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI-based analyses of tumor volume and appearance may aid in the prediction of patient overall survival (OS).
1102,brain tumour,39434883,Development of a prognostic model related to homologous recombination deficiency in glioma based on multiple machine learning.,"Despite advances in neuro-oncology, treatments of glioma and tools for predicting the outcome of patients remain limited. The objective of this research is to construct a prognostic model for glioma using the Homologous Recombination Deficiency (HRD) score and validate its predictive capability for glioma."
1103,brain tumour,39434541,Siglec-15 expression in diffuse gliomas and its correlation with MRI morphologic features and apparent diffusion coefficient.,Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 15 (Siglec-15) enhances tumor immune escape and leads to tumor growth.
1104,brain tumour,39434489,TCF3::BEND2 in paediatric supratentorial tumour with carcinoma-like epithelial features classifying as MN1-altered astroblastoma by DNA methylation profiling.,No abstract found
1105,brain tumour,39434327,An efficacy of protection the organs at risks comparison between the intensitymodulated radiotherapy therapy (IMRT) and the three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT).,To compare the efficiency of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy techniques.
1106,brain tumour,39434326,Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) versus three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) as treatment plans for head and neck tumours.,To compare intensity-modulated radiation therapy with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy 3DCRTwith respect to dose coverage for target volume.
1107,brain tumour,39434322,Inverse versus convolution treatment planning algorithms for gamma knife radiosurgery.,To compare the convolution and inverse algorithm plans.
1108,brain tumour,39434175,"IL-18, a therapeutic target for immunotherapy boosting, promotes temozolomide chemoresistance via the PI3K/AKT pathway in glioma.","Interleukin-18, a member of the interleukin - 1 family of cytokines, is upregulated in glioma. However, its effects on glioma remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the role and underlying mechanisms of interleukin-18 expression in glioma. Here, we demonstrated that interleukin-18 enhanced resistance to temozolomide by increasing proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis in cultured glioma cells. Further in vivo studies revealed that interleukin-18 promoted temozolomide resistance in BALB/c nude mice bearing tumor. Mechanical exploration indicated that interleukin-18 stimulation could activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in glioma cells, and PI3K inhibition could reduce the temozolomide resistance promoted by interleukin-18. We found that interleukin-18 upregulated CD274 expression in glioma, revealing its potential effects on the microenvironment. Furthermore, we established a tumor xenograft model and explored the therapeutic efficacy of anti-interleukin-18 monoclonal antibody. Targeting interleukin-18 prolonged survival and attenuated CD274 expression in the mice bearing tumor. Combined treatment with anti-interleukin-18 and anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody showed better efficacy in suppressing tumor growth than either treatment alone in mice bearing tumor. Collectively, these data present that interleukin-18 promotes temozolomide chemoresistance in glioma cells via PI3K/Akt activation and establishes an immunosuppressive milieu by modulating CD274. This study highlights the therapeutic value of interleukin-18 in glioma."
1109,brain tumour,39434140,Screening differentially expressed proteins to distinguish thymoma (B1 and B3) from thymic cysts based on tandem mass tag (TMT) technology.,"The therapeutic approach to thymic cysts remains a subject of controversy. Predicted biomarkers for identifying thymic cysts and thymoma (THYM) are crucial. In this research, patients diagnosed with thymic cysts (MTC, n = 6) and thymoma (B1, n = 6; B3, n = 6) were enrolled. Proteins of superior quality were subjected to TMT labeling and UPLC-MS, and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interactive network analyses were applied to the DEPs. Some key differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were corroborated through GEPIA 32. The pan-cancer expression levels of key DEGs remarkably linked with prognosis were determined utilizing The University of ALabama at Birmingham CANcer data analysis Portal (UALCAN). Eventually, 49 DEPs were identified in the B1 vs. MTC comparison (17 upregulated and 32 downregulated), 27 in the B3 vs. MTC comparison (8 upregulated and 19 downregulated), and 38 in the B3 vs. B1 comparison (9 upregulated and 29 downregulated). IL13RA1 (down), galectin-3 binding protein (LGALS3BP)(up), PRCSH (down), C3 (down), MXRA5 (down), TNN (down), CFHR1 (down), SUN3 (down) were jointly altered in both B1 vs. NZ and B3 vs. NZ. GEPIA validated that LGALS3BP was significantly upregulated in thymoma patients. In conclusion, LGALS3BP might be an essential biomarker to identify thymoma from the thymic cyst."
1110,brain tumour,39434070,A case report on renal metastasis as an unusual presentation of choriocarcinoma.,"Choriocarcinoma is an aggressively invasive neoplasm, characterized by its rapid proliferation and propensity for metastasis to distant organs via hematogenous dissemination. Lungs (80%), vagina (30%), pelvis (20%), liver (10%), and brain (10%) are the most frequently metastasized organs. Renal metastases are very rare. The clinical manifestations of choriocarcinoma varies depending on the site of disease, making diagnosis challenging. In this report, we provide a clinical case of choriocarcinoma with metastases to the renal and pulmonary systems, displaying symptoms akin to those observed in ectopic pregnancy."
1111,brain tumour,39433989,Clinical impact of large genomic explorations at diagnosis in 198 pediatric solid tumors: a monocentric study aiming practical feasibility of precision oncology.,"Faced to the growing development of collecting systematic molecular analyses in relapsed pediatric cancers to transform their targeted matched therapies, this study aimed to assess the clinical and therapeutic indications of systematic diagnostic genomic explorations performed in pediatric solid cancers to determine which type of screening and if it afford at relapse time an accurate targeted strategy."
1112,brain tumour,39433869,Neurosurgical application of olaparib from a thermo-responsive paste potentiates DNA damage to prolong survival in malignant glioma.,"There is increased pan-cancer specific interest in repurposing the poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitor, olaparib, for newly diagnosed or recurrent isocitrate dehydrogenase wild type glioblastoma. We explore whether intra-cavity delivery of olaparib confers a survival benefit in a pre-clinical high-grade glioma model."
1113,brain tumour,39433560,Prognostic value of pre-treatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with brain metastasis from cancer: a meta-analysis.,"Evidence shows that inflammatory responses play an essential role in the development of brain metastases (BM). The goal of this meta-analysis was to critically evaluate the literature regarding the use of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) to predict the prognosis of patients with BM to help clinicians institute early interventions and improve outcomes. We conducted systematic review and meta-analysis, utilizing data from prominent databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Our inclusion criteria encompassed studies investigating the studies that assessed the association between NLR and overall survival (OS). We included 11 articles, with 2629 eligible patients, to evaluate the association between NLR and OS. High NLR was significantly associated with shorter OS, with a pooled hazard ratio (HR) of 1.82 (95% CI 1.57-2.11). Subgroup analysis revealed that this association was consistent across different regions, with HRs of 2.03 (95% CI 1.67-2.46) in Asian populations and 1.58 (95% CI 1.35-1.84) in non-Asian populations. Additionally, in a subgroup analysis based on NLR cut-off values, patients with NLR ≥ 3 had an HR of 1.69 (95% CI 1.46-1.96), while those with NLR < 3 had an HR of 2.26 (95% CI 1.64-3.11). Sensitivity analysis confirmed that no single study significantly influenced the pooled effect size. Our meta-analysis confirmed the prognostic value of NLR in patients with brain metastasis."
1114,brain tumour,39433489,[Progress in neurosurgical treatment of neurofibromatosis type 1].,To summarize the latest developments in neurosurgical treatments for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and explore therapeutic strategies to provide comprehensive treatment guidelines for clinicians.
1115,brain tumour,39385753,Neurooncology: 2024 update.,"As in previous years, including 2023, a major focus in the neurooncological area of neuropathology was put on more precise and constantly faster diagnostic procedures, even reaching the level of ultra-fast intraoperative diagnostics based on methylation profiling. Neuropathological diagnostic precision and clinical follow-up treatment has been further increased by combining DNA methylation profiling with targeted panel sequencing. A few new, molecularly defined tumor subtypes have been proposed, among others, a glioneuronal tumor with "
1116,brain tumour,39432918,Rare presentations of glioblastoma multiforme in the septum pellucidum: illustrative case.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a high-grade primary brain tumor, presents a formidable challenge in neuro-oncology because of its aggressive nature, infiltrative growth, and limited response to treatment. The septum pellucidum represents an uncommon and unexpected location for GBM, adding complexity to the diagnosis and management of this rare intracranial malignancy."
1117,brain tumour,39432777,WDR20 prevents hepatocellular carcinoma senescence by orchestrating the simultaneous USP12/46-mediated deubiquitination of c-Myc.,"The dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) facilitates the malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While targeting the UPS for HCC therapy has been proposed, identifying effective targets has been challenging. In this study, we conducted a focused screen of siRNA libraries targeting UPS-related WD40 repeat (WDR) proteins and found that silencing WDR20, a deubiquitinating enzyme activating factor, selectively inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells without affecting normal hepatocytes. Moreover, the downregulation of WDR20 expression induced HCC cellular senescence and suppressed tumor progression in xenograft, sleeping beauty transposon/transposase, and hydrodynamic tail vein injection-induced HCC models, and "
1118,brain tumour,39432673,A weakly supervised model for incomplete multimodal MRI synthesis with tumor-aware approach.,"Magnetic resonance images (MRIs) are a valuable tool in the study of brain tumors, and multimodal sequences provide unique insights into different aspects of brain tumors. However, in clinical practice, missing modalities are often encountered due to various factors. This makes it difficult to obtain comprehensive and reliable information related to brain tumors."
1119,brain tumour,39432147,Senescence-related genes as prognostic indicators in breast cancer survival.,"Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, particularly affecting those in their later years. As the incidence of breast cancer increases with age, understanding the biological mechanisms that link aging and cancer becomes crucial. Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, plays a dual role in cancer by inhibiting tumorigenesis while also contributing to tumor progression through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This study aims to investigate the prognostic significance of senescence-related genes in breast cancer. We utilized the SenMayo gene list, a comprehensive set of senescence-related genes, to analyze gene expression data from a large cohort of breast cancer samples. The data was sourced from the Kaplan-Meier plotter, an integrated database that compiles gene expression information from multiple independent cohorts. Cox proportional hazards regression and false discovery rate (FDR) corrections were employed to evaluate the correlation between gene expression and survival outcomes, aiming to establish a prognostic signature. Our findings demonstrate that higher expression levels of senescence-related genes are significantly associated with improved survival, while lower expression levels correlate with shorter survival outcomes. These results suggest that senescence-related pathways play a protective role in breast cancer, potentially serving as valuable prognostic indicators. The identification of a prognostic signature based on senescence-related genes underscores the importance of cellular senescence in breast cancer progression and survival. Our study highlights the potential of senescence-related biomarkers in enhancing patient stratification and informing treatment strategies, contributing to the growing body of literature on the intersection of aging and cancer."
1120,brain tumour,39432073,The utilisation of fMRI for pre-operative mapping in the paediatric population with central nervous system tumours: a systematic review.,"Functional MRI (fMRI) is a well-established tool for pre-operative planning, providing neurosurgeons with a roadmap of critical functional areas to preserve during surgery. Despite its increasing use, there is a need to compare task-based (tb-fMRI) and resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) in the peadiatric population to comprehensively evaluate the existing literature on the use of fMRI for pre-operative mapping in pediatric patients, comparing tb-fMRI and rs-fMRI."
1121,brain tumour,39432071,Mechanical properties of pediatric low-grade gliomas in children with and without neurofibromatosis type 1.,"Prognoses for pediatric brain tumors are suboptimal, as even in low-grade tumors, management techniques can lead to damage in the developing brain. Therefore, advanced neuroimaging methods are critical for developing optimal management plans and improving patient care. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) has allowed for the characterization of adult gliomas by their mechanical properties, which are uniquely sensitive to the complex interplay of cellularity, vasculature, and interstitium. However, pediatric tumors differ in behavior and cytoarchitecture, and their mechanical properties have never been assessed."
1122,brain tumour,39432031,Preoperative nTMS analysis: a sensitive tool to detect imminent motor deficits in brain tumor patients.,One of the challenges in surgery of tumors in motor eloquent areas is the individual risk assessment for postoperative motor disorder. Previously a regression model was developed that permits estimation of the risk prior to surgery based on topographical and neurophysiological data derived from investigation with nTMS (navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation). This study aims to analyze the impact of including additional neurophysiological TMS parameters into the established risk stratification model for motor outcome after brain tumor surgery.
1123,brain tumour,39432027,Quality of life after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastasis: an assessment from a prospective national registry.,"Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is frequently used in the management of brain metastasis patients. However, there is an urgent need to evaluate post-treatment outcomes and quality of life metrics for patients undergoing SRS for brain metastases."
1124,brain tumour,39432024,Constructing a picture of fatigue in the context of cancer: assessment of construct overlap in common fatigue scales.,"Individuals diagnosed with cancer experience multiple inter-related short- and long-term side effects. Chief among such symptomology is cancer-related fatigue (CRF), which, if left unmanaged, can become chronic and result in increased disability and healthcare utilization. A growing number of self-report scales have been developed to measure CRF symptoms based on various theoretical conceptualizations with the aim of promoting targeted assessment and intervention efforts. It may be, however, unwise to assume that the various measures are conceptually similar (i.e., that they assess for the same constructs). Accordingly, we aimed to characterize item content among nine self-report scales, using a Jaccard index to quantify content overlap among scales."
1125,brain tumour,39432011,"Tectal glioma: clinical, radiological, and pathological features, and the importance of molecular analysis.","Tectal glioma (TG) is a rare lower grade glioma (LrGG) that occurs in the tectum, mainly affecting children. TG shares pathological similarities with pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), but recent genetic analyses have revealed distinct features, such as alterations in KRAS and BRAF. We conducted a retrospective review of cases clinically diagnosed as TG and treated at our institute between January 2005 and March 2023. Six cases were identified and the median age was 30.5 years. Four patients underwent biopsy and two patients underwent tumor resection. Histological diagnoses included three cases of PA, one case of astrocytoma, and two cases of high-grade glioma. The integrated diagnosis, according to the fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the central nervous system, included two cases of PA and one case each of diffuse high-grade glioma; diffuse midline glioma H3 K27-altered; glioblastoma; and circumscribed astrocytic glioma. Among the three patients who underwent molecular evaluation, two had KRAS mutation and one had H3-3A K27M mutation. Our results demonstrate the diverse histological and molecular characteristics of TG distinct from other LrGGs. Given the heterogeneous pathological background and the risk of pathological progression in TG, we emphasize the importance of comprehensive diagnosis, including molecular evaluation."
1126,brain tumour,39431993,A pH-Sensitive cRGD-PEG-siRNA Conjugated Compound Targeting Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma ranks among the most prevalent primary intracranial tumors, characterized by high mortality and poor prognosis. Chemotherapy remains a key treatment strategy for gliomas, though most current drugs suffer from limited efficacy and significant toxicity. This study focuses on a cRGD-siEGFR coupling compound synthesized in a previous stage. Prior research indicated that cRGD-siEGFR molecules exhibited certain targeting and antitumor properties but faced issues of inadequate targeting, low efficacy, and high renal toxicity. To enhance antitumor efficacy and mitigate side effects, a pH-responsive, long-circulating, and highly targeted siRNA delivery system, the cRGD-PEG-siEGFR conjugate, was developed. The targeting, antitumor effects, and biological distribution of cRGD-PEG-siEGFR were examined. The results demonstrated that cRGD-PEG-siEGFR was effectively taken up by αvβ3-positive U87MG cells, specifically silenced EGFR gene expression, and exhibited antitumor effects. In normal physiological conditions, it avoided uptake by normal cells, thereby reducing side effects. Furthermore, in vivo biodistribution experiments revealed that cRGD-PEG-siEGFR, compared to cRGD-siEGFR, significantly decreased renal accumulation and exhibited prolonged circulation. Consequently, cRGD-PEG-siRNA emerges as a promising drug candidate with attributes of long circulation, high targeting, pH responsiveness, and substantial antitumor efficacy."
1127,brain tumour,39431592,A Diagnostic Dilemma: A Case of Angiosarcoma Presenting as Splenomegaly and Pathologic Fracture.,"Angiosarcomas are rare tumors that can be difficult to diagnose due to subtle changes in the vascular endothelium. When there is evidence to suggest malignancy, such as a pathologic fracture, further investigation is needed, and a high suspicion for angiosarcoma needs to be present so that appropriate immunohistochemical stains are utilized on biopsied tissue. In situations where such suspicion is high and prior biopsies have been negative, performance of splenectomy, can be both diagnostic and therapeutic when splenomegaly is present."
1128,brain tumour,39431006,Hypoxia-driven M2-polarized macrophages facilitate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of glioblastoma via extracellular vesicles.,
1129,brain tumour,39431005,Preoperative PET imaging and fluorescence-guided surgery of human glioblastoma using dual-labeled antibody targeting ET,
1130,brain tumour,39431004,PET imaging of CXCR4 expression using [,"C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is an attractive target for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. Here, we aimed to develop a new CXCR4-targeted PET tracer, and to investigate the translational potential for noninvasive imaging of CXCR4 expression in various cancer entities through preclinical and pilot clinical studies. "
1131,brain tumour,39430483,Small intestinal metastasis in a lung adenocarcinoma patient with concurrent EML4-ALK V3 and TP53 mutations after distinct responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A case report.,Although anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs) have improved the survival rates of lung cancer patients with 
1132,brain tumour,39430391,Advances in imaging modalities for spinal tumors.,"The spinal cord occupies a narrow region and is tightly surrounded by osseous and ligamentous structures; spinal tumors can damage this structure and deprive patients of their ability to independently perform activities of daily living. Hence, imaging is vital for the prompt detection and accurate diagnosis of spinal tumors, as well as determining the optimal treatment and follow-up plan. However, many clinicians may not be familiar with the imaging characteristics of spinal tumors due to their rarity. In addition, spinal surgeons might not fully utilize imaging for the surgical planning and management of spinal tumors because of the complex heterogeneity of these lesions. In the present review, we focus on conventional and advanced spinal tumor imaging techniques. These imaging modalities include computed tomography, positron emission tomography, digital subtraction angiography, conventional and microstructural magnetic resonance imaging, and high-resolution ultrasound. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of conventional and emerging imaging modalities, followed by an examination of cutting-edge medical technology to complement current needs in the field of spinal tumors. Moreover, machine learning and artificial intelligence are anticipated to impact the application of spinal imaging techniques. Through this review, we discuss the importance of conventional and advanced spinal tumor imaging, and the opportunity to combine advanced technologies with conventional modalities to better manage patients with these lesions."
1133,brain tumour,39430320,Serum tumor markers and outcomes in lung cancer patients with brain metastases: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study.,"Serum tumor markers (STMs) are recommended for cancer diagnosis and surveillance. However, their role in lung cancer with brain metastases (BM) is not yet clear. We aim to analyze the roles of baseline levels of STMs or ongoing STM surveillance on survival."
1134,brain tumour,39430307,Exenatide-Modified Deferoxamine-Based Nanoparticles Ameliorates Neurological Deficits in Parkinson's Disease Mice.,"To avoid the biotoxicity and poor bioavailability of deferoxamine mesylate (DFO), an iron chelation for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), a self-oriented DFO nanoparticle functionalized with Exendin-4 was developed, which can be targeted delivered into the lesion brain area to achieve synergistic effects against PD by iron chelation and inflammatory suppression."
1135,brain tumour,39429970,"A phase II, open-label, single-arm trial of pembrolizumab for recurrent meningioma and solitary fibrous tumor.","Atypical and anaplastic meningiomas account for 20% of all meningioma cases. Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a type of soft tissue sarcoma with similar attributes to meningioma. For patients with refractory or recurrent disease after previous surgery or radiotherapy, there is no effective treatment. Pembrolizumab, an anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody, is an effective treatment for various solid tumors. PD-1 ligand is highly expressed in aggressive meningiomas. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of pembrolizumab in treating meningioma and SFT recurrence after surgery and radiation therapy."
1136,brain tumour,39429969,Early experience and perioperative risk of GammaTile for upfront brain metastases: Report from a prospective multicenter study.,"GammaTile (GT), a form of brachytherapy utilizing cesium-131 seeds in a bioresorbable collagen tile, has gained popularity for the treatment of recurrent intracranial tumors and more recently for newly diagnosed metastases. This study reports early experience utilizing GT in upfront brain metastases with a focus on clinical applications and perioperative safety."
1137,brain tumour,39429684,Dendritic Cells Loaded With Heat Shock Inactivated Glioma Stem Cells Enhance Antitumor Response of Mouse Glioma When Combining With CD47 Blockade.,"For glioma patients, the long-term advantages of dendritic cells (DCs) immunization remain unknown. It is extremely important to develop new treatment strategies that enhance the immunotherapy effect of DC-based vaccines. DCs exposed to glioma stem cells (GSCs) are considered promising vaccines against glioma."
1138,brain tumour,39429612,Accelerating brain three-dimensional T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery using artificial intelligence-assisted compressed sensing: a comparison study with parallel imaging.,Shortening the acquisition time of brain three-dimensional T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3D T2 FLAIR) by using acceleration techniques has the potential to reduce motion artifacts in images and facilitate clinical application. This study aimed to assess the image quality of brain 3D T2 FLAIR accelerated by artificial intelligence-assisted compressed sensing (ACS) in comparison to 3D T2 FLAIR accelerated by parallel imaging (PI).
1139,brain tumour,39429586,Dilated multi-scale residual attention (DMRA) U-Net: three-dimensional (3D) dilated multi-scale residual attention U-Net for brain tumor segmentation.,"The precise identification of the position and form of a tumor mass can improve early diagnosis and treatment. However, due to the complicated tumor categories and varying sizes and forms, the segregation of brain gliomas and their internal sub-regions is still very challenging. This study sought to design a new deep-learning network based on three-dimensional (3D) U-Net to address its shortcomings in brain tumor segmentation (BraTS) tasks."
1140,brain tumour,39429347,Ectopic Craniopharyngioma Recurrence: A Case Report and Literature Review.,"Craniopharyngiomas are tumors of the central nervous system, typically located in the sellar/parasellar region. Despite being benign, they behave aggressively due to their propensity to invade nearby important structures, making total resection challenging. Distant spread of craniopharyngioma is a rare but significant complication. Most cases result from spread along the surgical path, while others result from dissemination along the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways. We report a case of a parasellar adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma with progressive visual loss. The patient was operated on through a right pterional craniotomy three times due to recurrence. After the last surgery, fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy was performed on the tumor residue. On follow-up brain MRI, a new extra-axial lesion was found in the left frontal region with solid and cystic components, with apparent dural implantation. Left frontal craniotomy was performed, and the lesion was excised with resection of its dural implant. Histological findings revealed it to be adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma, grade 1, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Despite being rare, craniopharyngioma ectopic recurrence is a possible surgical complication. Despite the poorly understood mechanism, the literature highlights the importance of paying attention to tumor spillage during surgery to prevent distant recurrences."
1141,brain tumour,39428970,Endocrine sequelae after pediatric craniopharyngioma treatment: a single-center retrospective cohort study.,"Craniopharyngiomas (CP) are rare brain tumors with a low mortality rate, but with significant morbidity, in part due to the various long-term endocrine sequelae related to hypothalamic/pituitary deficiencies. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of endocrine dysfunction and outcome after treatment of CP at our institution and to apply the novel diagnostic criteria for hypothalamic syndrome (HS). In addition, we give an overview of treatments already attempted for hypothalamic obesity (HO)."
1142,brain tumour,39428930,Valproic Acid and Celecoxib Enhance the Effect of Temozolomide on Glioblastoma Cells.,"Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the deadliest human brain tumors. The prognosis is unfavorable, chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) may extend the survival period for a patient. The paper aims to evaluate the survival rates among relapsing GB patients, who have been treated with valproic acid (VPA), and to study its effect on tumor cells when combined with TMZ and celecoxib (CXB)."
1143,brain tumour,39428926,FHOD3 Promotes the Progression of Lung Cancer by Regulating the Caspase-3-Mediated Signaling Pathway.,"Lung cancer causes hundreds of thousands of deaths each year worldwide. FHOD3 was reported to accelerate the progression of brain cancer. However, its role in lung cancer is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the role of FHOD3 in lung cancer."
1144,brain tumour,39428639,Progression-free survival versus post-progression survival and overall survival in WHO grade 2 gliomas.,"Progression-free survival (PFS) remains to be validated as an outcome measure for diffuse WHO grade 2 gliomas, and knowledge about the relationships between PFS, post-progression survival (PPS), and overall survival (OS) in this subset of tumors is limited. We sought to assess correlations between PFS and OS, and identify factors associated with PFS, PPS, and OS in patients treated for diffuse supratentorial WHO grade 2 gliomas."
1145,brain tumour,39428610,Feasibility of transcranial Doppler to evaluate vasculopathy among survivors of childhood brain tumors exposed to cranial radiation therapy.,The ability of transcranial Doppler (TCD) to detect asymptomatic cerebrovascular disease among childhood brain tumor survivors following exposure to cranial radiation therapy has not been established.
1146,brain tumour,39428432,Efficacy of various extent of resection on survival rates of patients with pilocytic astrocytoma: based on a large population.,"Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is classified as a Grade I benign neuroglial tumor. The extent of surgical resection is a critical factor influencing the prognosis for patients with PA. In prior researches of PA, the extent of surgical resection is generally categorized into GTR, STR and biopsy. In some researches on brain tumor surgeries, the extent of resection also includes GTL. There is no existing research specifically comparing the efficacy of GTR versus GTL in PA treatment. In this study, the data we used are from the SEER database. We categorized the extent of resection into GTL, GTR, STL, STR, biopsy, and no surgery based on SEER classification of surgical procedures, to investigate the impact of extent of resection on PA patient survival. A multivariate logistic regression model was utilized to acquire odds ratios (OR) for different extent of resection. Survival outcomes across different extent of resection (GTL, GTR, STL, STR, biopsy, no surgery) were assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis, with curve comparisons conducted via log-rank tests. The impact of various risk factors on survival was assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model. The hazard ratio (HR) was employed to quantify the influence of one or more factors on overall survival throughout the follow-up period. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that age, tumor location, extent of resection, as well as the application of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, all significantly impacted prognosis. Compared to GTL, GTR did not significantly increase the risk of mortality (HR 1.17; 95% CI 0.73-1.86, p = 0.5). Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference between the Kaplan-Meier survival curves of the two groups (p = 0.18). We employed propensity score matching (PSM) to balance the differences in baseline characteristics of patients receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy. A total of 4429 patients were included in this study. Age, diagnosis period, race, tumor size, and tumor location as influential on the extent of resection. Age, tumor location, extent of resection, and application of radiotherapy and chemotherapy influenced the survival of PA patients. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that the long-term survival rate for GTR is slightly higher than that for GTL. The PSM analysis revealed that the application of radiotherapy and chemotherapy was associated with the reduction of overall survival in PA patients. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in survival between GTR and GTL, so GTR with less damage was preferred. The application of radiotherapy and chemotherapy can reduce overall survival of patients with PA."
1147,brain tumour,39428241,[Mechanism of protective effect of metformin against septic cardiomyopathy based on the P38 MAPK/JNK signaling pathway].,"Exploring the protective mechanism of metformin against septic cardiomyopathy based on the mitogen-activated protein kinase P38 (P38 MAPK)/c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. This paper is an experimental animal study design, which was completed from January to December 2023 at the Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. Forty-eight 8-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: group A (control group), group B (model group), group C (model+trimetazidine hydrochloride), and group D (model+metformin group), with 12 mice in each group, by using a randomized numeric table method. Groups B, C, and D were injected intraperitoneally with LPS (15 mg/kg) to construct a septic cardiomyopathy mouse model. 24 h after modeling, Groups A and B were injected intraperitoneally with an equal amount of saline, Group C was given 20 mg/kg trimetazidine hydrochloride by gavage, and Group D was injected with metformin 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally, and all of them were subjected to consecutive interventions for 14 d. The results were summarized in the following table. Ultrasound imaging system was used to detect cardiac function, and TUNEL method was used to detect apoptosis rate of myocardial tissues; real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the levels of mRNA of JNK, P38 MAPK of P38 MAPK signaling pathway in the myocardial tissues of mice; Plasma creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in all groups of mice; and protein kinase C, and protein kinase C levels were measured by protein blotting in cardiac muscle tissue. Eplison isoform (PKCε), and Cavity protein-3 (Cav-3) protein expression in myocardial tissues. The results showed that compared with group A, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (79.51±6.62)%, left ventricular short-axis shortening (FS) (45.66±4.13), apoptosis rate (4.34±0.36)%, JNK (0.96±0.06), P38 MAPK (1.01±0.03), CK-MB (2.37±0.13) μg/L, BNP (21.36±3.47) ng/L, TNF-α (176.22±19.24) ng/L, IL-6 (35.43±3.84) ng/L, PKCε expression (1.98±0.26), Cav-3 expression (1.04±0.03) compared to apoptosis rates in groups B, C, and D (28.22±4.49, 22.45±3.69, 15.88±3.27), JNK (1.68±0.11, 1.32±0.18, 1.13±0.14), P38 MAPK (2.47±0.71,1.77±0.35,1.49±0.05), CK-MB (16.55±2.16, 12.63±1.98, 5.27±0.61), BNP (48.92±5.67, 33.78±4.11, 27.55±3.84), TNF-α (463.71±24.81, 335.71±36.71, 214.78±22.53), and IL-6 (78.57±6.36, 63.71±5.66, 52.47±5.47) expression were elevated, while left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (49.38±5.27, 55.47±5.03, 62.26±5.14), left ventricular short-axis shortening (FS) (24.36±2.17, 30.43±3.29, 33.57±2.72), PKCε expression (1.33±0.21, 1.54±0.23, 1.75±0.22), and Cav-3 expression (0.47±0.06, 0.76±0.05, 0.85±0.04) were all down-regulated ("
1148,brain tumour,39428229,[Clinical characteristics and prognosis of brain metastasis in locally advanced rectal cancer].,
1149,brain tumour,39428180,New insight into targeting the DNA damage response in the treatment of glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common invasive malignant tumor in human brain tumors, representing the most severe grade of gliomas. Despite existing therapeutic approaches, patient prognosis remains dismal, necessitating the exploration of novel strategies to enhance treatment efficacy and extend survival. Due to the restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), small-molecule inhibitors are prioritized in the treatment of central nervous system tumors. Among these, DNA damage response (DDR) inhibitors have garnered significant attention due to their potent therapeutic potential across various malignancies. This review provides a detailed analysis of DDR pathways as therapeutic targets in GBM, summarizes recent advancements, therapeutic strategies, and ongoing clinical trials, and offers perspectives on future directions in this rapidly evolving field. The goal is to present a comprehensive outlook on the potential of DDR inhibitors in improving GBM management and outcomes."
1150,brain tumour,39428000,Conditional Pten inactivation in pituitary results in sex-specific prolactinoma formation.,"Pituitary tumors, including prolactinomas, present significant clinical challenges that require a deeper understanding of their molecular roots for improved diagnostics and therapies. Here, we investigate the role of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway in pituitary tumorigenesis using a mouse model. Conditional knockout of Pten in all pituitary cell lineages resulted in prolactinoma formation exclusively in female mice, demonstrating the critical role of PTEN in pituitary homeostasis. While Pten inactivation induced Akt activation in all pituitary cells, only prolactin-producing cells exhibited tumorigenic changes, suggesting specific cell-type effects. Histological and molecular analyses of prolactinomas revealed similarities with human pituitary tumors, such as decreased vascularization and cell adhesion proteins and increased accumulation of cell cycle proteins. Notably, prolactinomas displayed diminished levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), implicating downregulation of ERK in tumorigenesis. Finally, we analyzed PTEN/PI3K activation in a collection of human pituitary tumors. Overall, our study delineates the intricate interplay between the PTEN and ERK signaling pathways, providing insights into sex-specific mechanisms of pituitary tumorigenesis and potential therapeutic strategies for prolactinomas."
1151,brain tumour,39427934,Variable-RBE-induced NTCP predictions for various side-effects following proton therapy for brain tumors - Identification of high-risk patients and risk mitigation.,"Disregarding the increase of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) may raise the risk of acute and late adverse events after proton beam therapy (PBT). This study aims to explore the relationship between variable RBE (above 1.1)-induced normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCP) and patient-specific factors, identify patients at high risk of RBE-induced NTCP increase, and assess risk mitigation by incorporating RBE variability into treatment planning."
1152,brain tumour,39427932,Patient reported fatigue after proton therapy for malignant brain tumours - Is there a relation between radiation dose and brain structures?,Fatigue may significantly effect everyday- and working life for radiotherapy patients. Some studies indicate a correlation between radiation dose and irradiated volume of the brain and the presence of fatigue. Our hypothesis was that patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) can improve our understanding of the patients' symptoms following proton beam therapy (PBT) and optimize PBT for future patients.
1153,brain tumour,39427644,Long-Term Follow-Up of a Child with EWSR1-BEND2 Fused Spinal Astroblastoma.,"Spinal astroblastoma is a rare highly malignant tumor that mainly affects children. We review the few cases described in the literature and highlight the challenges of managing this neoplasm by illustrating a case recently treated at our institutions. To our knowledge, this is the first published case of EWSR1-BEND2 fused spinal astroblastoma with long-term follow-up."
1154,brain tumour,39427524,Panax Notoginseng Saponins promotes the meningeal lymphatic system-mediated hematoma absorption in intracerebral hemorrhage.,"Hematoma clearance is crucial for treating intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Currently, there is a lack of pharmacological therapy aimed at promoting hematoma absorption. Meningeal lymphatic system, as a drain of brain, is a potential therapeutic approach in ICH. Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS), proven to promote lymphangiogenesis in periphery, effectively reduces hematoma in ICH patients. However, the potential pharmacological effect of PNS on meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) remains unknown."
1155,brain tumour,39427513,Specifying the choice of EGFR-TKI based on brain metastatic status for advanced NSCLC with EGFR p.L861Q mutation.,"In-depth insight into the genomic features of the uncommon EGFR p.L861Q mutant NSCLC is scarcely performed, and no consensus on the preferred treatment strategy has been established. Moreover, the therapeutic implications of EGFR-TKI stratified by clinical and molecular features remained largely unknown."
1156,brain tumour,39427440,Clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma treated with high-dose methotrexate-based polychemotherapy and consolidation therapies.,"Given the rarity of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), evaluations of different high-dose methotrexate-(HD-MTX)-based treatment regimens is sparse. This retrospective, multicenter study evaluates clinical characteristics and outcomes (progression-free, overall and disease-specific survival) after five HD-MTX-based polychemotherapeutic regimens and two consolidation therapies. 346 patients with histologically confirmed PCNSL, treated with ≥ 1 cycle HD-MTX-based strategies (≥3g/m"
1157,brain tumour,39427326,Is modulation of immune checkpoints on glioblastoma-infiltrating myeloid cells a viable therapeutic strategy?,"The field of immunology has traditionally focused on immune checkpoint modulation of adaptive immune cells. However, many malignancies such as glioblastoma are mostly devoid of T cells and rather are enriched with immunosuppressive myeloid cells of the innate immune system. While some immune checkpoint targets are shared between adaptive and innate immunity, myeloid-specific checkpoints could also serve as potential therapeutics. To better understand the impact of immune checkpoint blockade on myeloid cells, we systematically summarize the current literature focusing on the direct immunological effects of PD-L1/PD-1, CD24/Siglec-10, collagen/LAIR-1, CX3CL1/CX3CR1, and CXCL10/CXCR3. By synthesizing the molecular mechanisms and the translational implications, we aim to prioritize agents in this category of therapeutics for glioblastoma."
1158,brain tumour,39426592,4-plex quantitative glycoproteomics using glycan/protein-stable isotope labeling in cell culture.,"Alterations in glycoprotein abundance and glycan structures are closely linked to numerous diseases. The quantitative exploration of glycoproteomics is pivotal for biomarker discovery, but comprehensive analysis within biological samples remains challenging due to low abundance, complexity, and lack of universal technology. We developed a multiplex glycoproteomic approach using an LC-ESI-MS platform for direct comparison of glycoproteomic quantitation. Glycopeptides were isotopically labeled during cell culture, achieving high labeling efficiency (≥ 95 %) for both glycans and peptides. Quantitation was validated by mixing the same cell line in a 1:1:1:1 ratio, with mathematical correction applied to deconvolute the ratios. This method proved reliable and was applied to a comparative glycoproteomic study of three breast cancer cell lines (HTB22, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-231BR) and one brain cancer cell line (CRL-1620), quantifying glycopeptides from three replicates. The expression of glycopeptides was relatively quantified, and up/down-regulation between cell lines was investigated. This approach provided insights into glycosylation microheterogeneity, crucial for breast cancer brain metastasis research. Benefits include eliminating fluctuations from nano electrospray ionization and reducing analysis time, enabling up to 4-plex profiling in a single injection. Metabolic labeling introduced mass differences at the MS1 level, ensuring increased sensitivity and higher resolution for accurate quantitation. SIGNIFICANCE: Alternations in glycoprotein abundance, changes in glycosylation levels, and variations in glycan structures are closely linked to numerous diseases. The quantitative exploration of glycoproteomics has emerged as a popular area of research for biomarker discovery. However, conducting a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the glycoproteome within biological samples remains challenging due to low abundance, inherent complexities, and the absence of universal quantitative technology. Here, we developed a multiplex glycoproteomic approach using an LC-ESI-MS platform to facilitate direct comparison of glycoproteomic quantitation and enhance throughput. This approach offers benefits such as eliminating quantitative fluctuations arising from nano electrospray ionization (ESI) and reducing analysis time, enabling up to 4-plex glycoproteomic profiling in a single injection. Glycopeptides were stable isotopic labeled during cell culture procedure, attaching to monosaccharides, amino acids, or both. We achieved a high labeling efficiency (≥ 95 %) for both glycans and peptides. Quantitation validation was tested on glycopeptides by mixing the same cell line with 1:1:1:1 ratio. Due to the overlapped isotopes, a mathematical correction was applied to deconvolute the ratio of 4-plex glycopeptides. This method demonstrated quantitative reliability and was successfully applied to a comparative glycoproteomic study of three breast cancer cells (HTB22, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-231BR) and one brain cancer cell (CRL-1620), identifying a total of 264 glycopeptides from three replicates. The expression of glycopeptides among these four cells was relatively quantified and up/down-regulation between two cell lines was investigated. The exploration of glycosylation microheterogeneity through glycopeptide quantification may offer valuable insights for further investigation into breast cancer brain metastasis. Conclusion: The primary advantage of our presented work lies in the multiplexing offered by combining two established labeling techniques, SILAC and IDAWG, both of which have been effectively used and widely cited in the scientific community. This combination enhances the applicability and accuracy of our method, as demonstrated by the extensive citations and successful use of these techniques independently. We believe that this multiplexing approach significantly advances the field, despite the method's current limitation to cell systems."
1159,brain tumour,39426568,Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gliomas: Assessment of Preanalytical Variables.,"Precision oncology is driven by biomarkers. For glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common malignant adult primary brain tumor, O"
1160,brain tumour,39426503,Overcoming multiple barriers to deliver photo-gene system for glioma-targeted combined therapy.,"Overcoming multiple barriers to deliver macromolecular drugs is an urgent challenge for glioma treatment. Herein, a strategy of protein corona-regulation synergizing with photoactivation based on T10 peptide-modified and indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded dendrigraft poly-L-lysines was proposed to augment prime editing therapy of glioma. First, the modified T10 peptide could escape the interference barrier of protein crown in blood via its specific binding with endogenous transferrin, thus crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and achieving the targeting recognition of glioma cells. Next, the loaded ICG could weaken the tumor stromal barrier, decrease the cell membrane barrier and escape the lysosomal degradation/autophagy barrier via its photothermal and photodynamic effects. Subsequently, a therapeutic gene that could downregulate p-ERK1/2 for tumor growth inhibition and immunoregulation could be effectively delivered into the glioma cells. The glioma-targeted photo-gene combined immunotherapy effectively inhibit the glioma growth, especially co-dosing with the PD-1 antibody."
1161,brain tumour,39426467,Longikaurin A induces ferroptosis and inhibits glioblastoma progression through DNA methylation - Mediated GPX4 suppression.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary intracranial tumor highly resistant to conventional clinical chemotherapy. Recently, the induction of ferroptosis is emerging as a putative strategy to treat various tumors. However, the identification of the effective and applicable tumor ferroptosis-inducing agents remains challenging. In this study, we showed that longikaurin A (LK-A), a natural diterpenoid isolated from the medicinal plant Isodon ternifolius with strong anti-GBM capacities, induced remarkable GBM cell ferroptosis along with suppressing the key anti-ferroptosis factor glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). GPX4 promoter contains conserved CpG islands. The LK-A-induced GPX4 suppression coincided with the inhibition of ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2), a key DNA demethylation enzyme and an increase in the hypermethylation of the GPX4 promoter. Further, LK-A promoted the GBM ferroptotic alterations and inhibited GBM progression in both subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft mouse models, whereas GPX4 overexpression largely abrogated its anti-GBM effects both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that LK-A inductions of the DNA methylation-incurred GPX4 suppression and ferroptosis are crucial for its anti-GBM functions. Together, our study has elaborated an important epigenetic pathway of GBM ferroptosis and uncovered a critical pharmacological property of LK-A for treating GBM patients."
1162,brain tumour,39426317,Comparative analysis of stereotactic radiosurgery outcomes for supratentorial hemangioblastomas in von hippel-lindau disease and sporadic cases: A multi-center international study.,"Hemangioblastomas (HBs) are rare, benign central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms that rarely occur in the supratentorial. Resection with the goal of gross total resection (GTR) is often considered the primary treatment. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been utilized more commonly in unresectable or partially resected cases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate SRS's effectiveness and clinical outcomes in supratentorial HBs."
1163,brain tumour,39426178,Resveratrol and ceftriaxone encapsulated in hybrid nanoparticles to prevent dopaminergic neurons from degeneration for Parkinson's disease treatment.,The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of phospholipid-polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling of dopaminergic neurons in degenerated brain. Resveratrol (RES)- and ceftriaxone (CEF)-entrapped PNPs with surface leptin (Lep) and transferrin (Tf) were fabricated to rescue both 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP
1164,brain tumour,39425931,Protocol using ex vivo mouse brain slice culture mimicking in vivo conditions to study tumor growth and cell motility of glioblastoma cells.,"Herein, we present an ex vivo approach to study glioblastoma (GBM) cell motility in viable mouse brain slice cultures, closely mimicking in vivo features. We detail the preparation and culturing of mouse brain slices followed by tumor cell injection, allowing for the analysis of different aspects of the cellular migration and invasion process. Our assay facilitates testing diverse perturbations including genetic modifications and treatments in a physiological context. Thus, the protocol provides a compromise between in vitro assays and in vivo models. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Delbrouck et al."
1165,brain tumour,39425926,Sinonasal Outcomes after Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery in Patients With Cushing's Disease.,"The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has become the preferred treatment for pituitary tumors, with minimal sinonasal morbidity. However, patients with Cushing's disease (CD) may represent a subgroup with prolonged impairment of sinonasal quality of life (QOL)."
1166,brain tumour,39425768,Preoperative prediction of diffuse glioma type and grade in adults: a gadolinium-free MRI-based decision tree.,To develop a gadolinium-free MRI-based diagnosis prediction decision tree (DPDT) for adult-type diffuse gliomas and to assess the added value of gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) enhanced images.
1167,brain tumour,39425300,Reimagining the N-Of-1 Trial Within Pediatric Neuro-Oncology: A Shifting Paradigm.,"The field of neuro-oncology has seen significant advances that have allowed the expansion of the therapeutic armamentarium. Nevertheless, overall outcomes have not improved significantly particularly for high-grade tumors. The relative rarity of these pathologies in the pediatric population limits the capacity to design large-scale, multicenter, randomized clinical trials. The emergence of precision medicine as a direct result of better, more widespread genetic and molecular testing affords clinicians the possibility of envisioning new clinical trial paradigms. Each patient becomes their own singular trial receiving the most tailored treatment at every stage of their disease while serving as their own controls. Although limitations still exist for the widespread adoption of these technologies and incorporation into standard clinical care, the prospect of being able to offer directed therapies and monitor disease progression based on single-patient testing represents a much-needed paradigm shift in neuro-oncology."
1168,brain tumour,39425299,Challenges and Outlooks in Precision Medicine: Expectations Versus Reality.,"Recent developments in technology have led to rapid advances in precision medicine, especially due to the rise of next-generation sequencing and molecular profiling. These technological advances have led to rapid advances in research, including increased tumor subtype resolution, new therapeutic agents, and mechanistic insights. Certain therapies have even been approved for molecular biomarkers across histopathological diagnoses; however, translation of research findings to the clinic still faces a number of challenges. In this review, the authors discuss several key challenges to the clinical integration of precision medicine, including the blood-brain barrier, both a lack and excess of molecular targets, and tumor heterogeneity/escape from therapy. They also highlight a few key efforts to address these challenges, including new frontiers in drug delivery, a rapidly expanding treatment repertoire, and improvements in active response monitoring. With continued improvements and developments, the authors anticipate that precision medicine will increasingly become the gold standard for clinical care."
1169,brain tumour,39425298,Emergence of Precision Medicine Within Neurological Surgery: Promise and Opportunity.,"Within neurosurgery, it has always been important to individualize patient care. In recent years, however, technological advances have brought a new dimension to personalized care as developing methods, including next-generation sequencing, have enabled us to molecularly profile pathologies with increasing scale and resolution. In this review, the authors discuss the history and advances in precision medicine and neurosurgery, focusing both on neuro-oncology, as well as its extension to other neurosurgical subspecialties. They highlight the important roles of neurosurgeons in past work and future work, with the extension of tissue collection and precision medicine principles to additional sample types and disease indications."
1170,brain tumour,39425280,"Letter to the Editor Regarding ""Incidence and Risk Factors of Delirium Following Brain Tumor Resection: A Retrospective National Inpatient Sample Database Study"".",No abstract found
1171,brain tumour,39425199,A novel biomimetic nanovesicle containing caffeic acid-coupled carbon quantum dots for the the treatment of Alzheimer's disease via nasal administration.,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive and physical impairment. Neuroinflammation is related to AD, and the misfolding and aggregation of amyloid protein in the brain creates an inflammatory microenvironment. Microglia are the predominant contributors to neuroinflammation, and abnormal activation of microglia induces the release of a large amount of inflammatory factors, promotes neuronal apoptosis, and leads to cognitive impairment. In this study, we used microglial membranes containing caffeic acid-coupled carbon quantum dots to prepare a novel biomimetic nanocapsule (CDs-CA-MGs) for the treatment of AD. The application of CDs-CA-MGs via nasal administration can bypass the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) and directly target the site of inflammation. After treatment with CDs-CA-MGs, AD mice showed reduced inflammation in the brain, decreased neuronal apoptosis, and significantly improved learning and memory abilities. In addition, CDs-CA-MGs affect inflammation-related JAK-STAT and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways in AD mice. CDs-CA-MGs significantly downregulated interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). This finding suggested that CDs-CA-MGs may improve cognitive impairment by modulating inflammatory responses. In conclusion, the use of CDs-CA-MGs provides a possible therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD."
1172,brain tumour,39425166,Alternative splicing in ovarian cancer.,"Ovarian cancer is the second leading cause of gynecologic cancer death worldwide, with only 20% of cases detected early due to its elusive nature, limiting successful treatment. Most deaths occur from the disease progressing to advanced stages. Despite advances in chemo- and immunotherapy, the 5-year survival remains below 50% due to high recurrence and chemoresistance. Therefore, leveraging new research perspectives to understand molecular signatures and identify novel therapeutic targets is crucial for improving the clinical outcomes of ovarian cancer. Alternative splicing, a fundamental mechanism of post-transcriptional gene regulation, significantly contributes to heightened genomic complexity and protein diversity. Increased awareness has emerged about the multifaceted roles of alternative splicing in ovarian cancer, including cell proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, immune evasion, and chemoresistance. We begin with an overview of altered splicing machinery, highlighting increased expression of spliceosome components and associated splicing factors like BUD31, SF3B4, and CTNNBL1, and their relationships to ovarian cancer. Next, we summarize the impact of specific variants of CD44, ECM1, and KAI1 on tumorigenesis and drug resistance through diverse mechanisms. Recent genomic and bioinformatics advances have enhanced our understanding. By incorporating data from The Cancer Genome Atlas RNA-seq, along with clinical information, a series of prognostic models have been developed, which provided deeper insights into how the splicing influences prognosis, overall survival, the immune microenvironment, and drug sensitivity and resistance in ovarian cancer patients. Notably, novel splicing events, such as PIGV|1299|AP and FLT3LG|50,941|AP, have been identified in multiple prognostic models and are associated with poorer and improved prognosis, respectively. These novel splicing variants warrant further functional characterization to unlock the underlying molecular mechanisms. Additionally, experimental evidence has underscored the potential therapeutic utility of targeting alternative splicing events, exemplified by the observation that knockdown of splicing factor BUD31 or antisense oligonucleotide-induced BCL2L12 exon skipping promotes apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. In clinical settings, bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that specifically targets the VEGF-A isoform, has demonstrated beneficial effects in the treatment of patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. In conclusion, this review constitutes the first comprehensive and detailed exposition of the intricate interplay between alternative splicing and ovarian cancer, underscoring the significance of alternative splicing events as pivotal determinants in cancer biology and as promising avenues for future diagnostic and therapeutic intervention."
1173,brain tumour,39425154,"Combined machine learning models, docking analysis, ADMET studies and molecular dynamics simulations for the design of novel FAK inhibitors against glioblastoma.","Gliomas, particularly glioblastoma (GBM), are highly aggressive brain tumors with poor prognosis and high recurrence rates. This underscores the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. One promising target is Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a key regulator of tumor progression currently in clinical trials for glioma treatment. Drug development, however, is both challenging and costly, necessitating efficient strategies. Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD), especially when combined with machine learning (ML), streamlines the processes of virtual screening and optimization, significantly enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of drug discovery. Our study integrates ML, docking analysis, ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity) studies to identify novel FAK inhibitors specific to GBM. Predictive models showed strong performance, with an R"
1174,brain tumour,39425138,Experimental peri-implantitis induces neuroinflammation: An exploratory study in rats.,"Cumulating evidence supports the close association between periodontal diseases, neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative pathologies, except for peri-implantitis (PI). Thus, this study explored the association between experimental PI and neuropathological changes in the rat brain."
1175,brain tumour,39424846,Bioinformatics investigation of the prognostic value and mechanistic role of CD9 in glioma.,"In recent years, CD9 has been extensively studied as a potential biomarker for cancer. However, the biological role of CD9 in gliomas remains unclear. This study investigates the function of CD9 in gliomas and its molecular mechanisms. Utilizing pan-cancer analysis with TCGA, CGGA, and GEO databases, differential expression of CD9 was observed in 11 tumor types within the TCGA cohort, and it was associated with patient survival rates. Analysis of the CGGA glioma database revealed that patients with high CD9 expression had lower survival rates. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for GSE16011 was greater than 0.7, indicating a high discriminative ability. Through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), immune-related analysis, and CD9 mutation detection, CD9 was found to have the strongest correlation with neutrophil involvement (cor = 0.30, P < 0.05), and the high CD9 expression group exhibited higher rejection responses and TIDE scores, suggesting a lower likelihood of successful immunotherapy. The high CD9 expression group was more sensitive to 81 drugs, indicating potential therapeutic effects for gliomas. Furthermore, overexpression of CD9 in gliomas may be associated with gene mutations. Down-regulation or up-regulation of CD9 expression in the glioblastoma cell line LN229 showed that CD9 could positively regulate the migratory ability of LN229 cells. Further, several marker genes, such as VEGFR-2, TGF-β1, CASP1 and PI3K, were down regulated in CD9 knockdown cell lines and up regulated in CD9 overexpression cell lines, compared with control cell line. This study preliminarily explores the role of CD9 in gliomas and its prognostic value, providing new insights for personalized treatment strategies in glioma therapy."
1176,brain tumour,39424705,Harnessing the role of aberrant cell signaling pathways in glioblastoma multiforme: a prospect towards the targeted therapy.,"Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), designated as grade IV by the World Health Organization, is the most aggressive and challenging brain tumor within the central nervous system. Around 80% of GBM patients have a poor prognosis, with a median survival of 12-15 months. Approximately 90% of GBM cases originate from normal glial cells via oncogenic processes, while the remainder arise from low-grade tumors. GBM is notorious for its heterogeneity, high recurrence rates, invasiveness, and aggressive behavior. Its malignancy is driven by increased invasive migration, proliferation, angiogenesis, and reduced apoptosis. Throughout various stages of central nervous system (CNS) development, pivotal signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic hedgehog signaling (Shh), PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MAPK/ERK, STAT3, NF-КB, TGF-β, and Notch signaling, orchestrate the growth, proliferation, differentiation, and migration of neural progenitor cells in the brain. Numerous upstream and downstream regulators within these signaling pathways have been identified as significant contributors to the development of human malignancies. Disruptions or aberrant activations in these pathways are linked to gliomagenesis, enhancing the invasiveness, progression, and aggressiveness of GBM, along with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs). Traditional GBM treatment involves surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy with Temozolomide (TMZ). However, most patients experience tumor recurrence, leading to low survival rates. This review provides an overview of the major cell signaling pathways involved in gliomagenesis. Furthermore, we explore the signaling pathways leading to therapy resistance and target key molecules within these signaling pathways, paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic approaches."
1177,brain tumour,39424105,TME-responsive nanoplatform for multimodal imaging-guided synergistic precision therapy of esophageal cancer via inhibiting HIF-1α signal pathway.,"Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and its treatment poses significant challenges. In recent years, photodynamic, photothermal, and chemodynamic therapies have emerged as alternative strategies for tumor intervention. However, limitations such as poor tumor targeting, insufficient microenvironment responsiveness, and unclear mechanisms hinder their application. In this study, we found that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) was highly expressed in clinical EC samples, which contributed to tumor malignancy and metastasis. We developed a carbon dots (CDs)-based tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive nanoplatform, CDs-MnO"
1178,brain tumour,39423857,Multidimensional analysis of matched primary and recurrent glioblastoma identifies contributors to tumor recurrence influencing time to relapse.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor without effective treatment options. This study aimed to characterize longitudinal tumor changes in order to find potentially actionable targets to prevent GBM relapse. We extracted RNA and proteins from fresh frozen tumor samples from patient-matched IDHwt WHO grade 4 primary (pGBM) and recurrent (rGBM) tumors for transcriptomics and proteomics analysis. A tissue microarray containing paired tumor samples was processed for spatial transcriptomics analysis. Differentially expressed genes and proteins between pGBM and rGBM were involved in synapse development and myelination. By categorizing patients into short (STTR) and long (LTTR) time-to-lapse, we identified genes/proteins whose expression levels positively or negatively correlated with TTR. In rGBM, expressions of Fcγ receptors (FCGRs) and complement system genes were negatively correlated with TTR, whereas expression of genes involved in DNA methylation was positively correlated with TTR. Spatial transcriptomics of the tumor cells showed enrichment of oligodendrocytes in rGBM. Besides, we observed changes in the myeloid compartment such as a switch from quiescent to activated microglia and an enrichment in B and T cells in rGBM with STTR. Our results uncover a role for activated microglia/macrophages in GBM recurrence and suggest that interfering with these cells may hinder GBM relapse."
1179,brain tumour,39423848,Optimisation of cone beam CT radiotherapy imaging protocols using a novel 3D printed head and neck anthropomorphic phantom.,
1180,brain tumour,39423824,Targeting glioblastoma with a brain-penetrant drug that impairs brain tumor stem cells via NLE1-Notch1 complex.,"Brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) are a population of self-renewing malignant stem cells that play an important role in glioblastoma tumor hierarchy and contribute to tumor growth, therapeutic resistance, and tumor relapse. Thus, targeting of BTSCs within the bulk of tumors represents a crucial therapeutic strategy. Here, we report that edaravone is a potent drug that impairs BTSCs in glioblastoma. We show that edaravone inhibits the self-renewal and growth of BTSCs harboring a diverse range of oncogenic mutations without affecting non-oncogenic neural stem cells. Global gene expression analysis revealed that edaravone significantly alters BTSC transcriptome and attenuates the expression of a large panel of genes involved in cell cycle progression, stemness, and DNA repair mechanisms. Mechanistically, we discovered that edaravone directly targets Notchless homolog 1 (NLE1) and impairs Notch signaling pathway, alters the expression of stem cell markers, and sensitizes BTSC response to ionizing radiation (IR)-induced cell death. Importantly, we show that edaravone treatment in preclinical models delays glioblastoma tumorigenesis, sensitizes their response to IR, and prolongs the lifespan of animals. Our data suggest that repurposing of edaravone is a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with glioblastoma."
1181,brain tumour,39423817,Overcoming tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in lung cancer brain metastasis with CTLA4 blockade.,"Lung cancer brain metastasis (LCBM) poses a significant clinical challenge due to acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. To elucidate its underlying mechanisms, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on surgically obtained LCBM samples with diverse genetic backgrounds and TKI treatment histories. Our study uncovers that TKI treatment elevates the immune checkpoint CTLA4 expression in T cells, promoting an immune-suppressive microenvironment. This immunomodulation is initiated by tumor-derived HMGB1 in response to TKIs. In LCBM syngeneic murine models with TKI-sensitive or TKI-resistant EGFR mutations, combining CTLA4 blockade with TKIs demonstrates enhanced efficacy over TKI monotherapy or TKIs with PD1 blockade. These findings provide insights into the TKI resistance mechanisms and highlight the potential of CTLA4 blockade in effectively overcoming TKI resistance in LCBM."
1182,brain tumour,39423816,Integrating priorities at the intersection of cancer and neuroscience.,"Cancer neuroscience is a rapidly growing multidisciplinary field that conceptualizes tumors as tissues fully integrated into the nervous system. Recognizing the complexity and challenges in this field is of fundamental importance to achieving the goal of translational impact for cancer patients. Our commentary highlights key scientific priorities, optimal training settings, and roadblocks to translating scientific findings to the clinic in this emerging field, aiming to formulate a transformative and cohesive path forward."
1183,brain tumour,39423781,[18F]-Fluoroestradiol (FES) brain PET in the evaluation of patients with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer and known or suspected brain metastases.,"Our purpose was to describe our initial institutional experience using dedicated brain [18F]-Fluoroestradiol (FES) PET/CT or PET/MRI in the management of patients with estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM), and compare to [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET and MRI."
1184,brain tumour,39423591,"Effects of Raupya Suvarna Sutashekhara, a herbo-mineral-metallic formulation as adjunct Oral Ayurvedic Medicine on long-term survival in patients of malignant brain tumor.","The incidence of brain tumors poses a significant threat, particularly with high-grade tumors that exhibit rapid growth and can significantly impair the patient's quality of life, despite treatment modalities. Ayurveda, a natural system of medicines helps to enhance health benefits when used as a complementary therapy in combination with conventional treatment through various herbal, herbo-mineral or herbo-mineral-metallic formulations. One of such formulations, Raupya Suvarna Sutshekhara (RSS), has Raupya bhasma and Suvarna bhasma (incinerated Silver and Gold respectively) ingredients and they are described as Rasayana (immunomodulatory) and possess Medhya (enhances the brain functions and intelligence) activity."
1185,brain tumour,39422855,"Understanding the Antidepressant Mechanisms of Acupuncture: Targeting Hippocampal Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, Neuroplasticity, and Apoptosis in CUMS Rats.","Depression is recognized globally as one of the most intractable diseases, and its complexity and diversity make treatment extremely challenging. Acupuncture has demonstrated beneficial effects in various psychiatric disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture's antidepressant action, particularly in depression, remain elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of acupuncture on chronic unpredictability stress (CUMS)-induced depressive symptoms in rats and to further elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. All rats were exposed to CUMS of two stressors every day for 28 days, except for the control group. One hour before CUMS, rats were given a treatment with acupuncture, electroacupuncture, sham-acupuncture, or fluoxetine (2.1 mg/kg). Behavioral tests and biological detection methods were conducted in sequence to evaluate depression-like phenotype in rats. The findings of this study demonstrate that acupuncture therapy effectively ameliorated depression-like behavior induced by CUMS in rats. Additionally, acupuncture exerted a restorative effect on the alterations induced by CUMS in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), postsynaptic density95 (PSD95), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and acetylcholine (ACh). Additionally, our findings indicate that acupuncture also modulates the ERK and Caspase-3 apoptotic pathways in the hippocampus of CUMS rats. This study suggests that acupuncture may play a potential preventive role by regulating hippocampal neuroinflammatory response, levels of oxidative stress, apoptotic processes, and enhancing synaptic plasticity."
1186,brain tumour,39422814,Intrathecal anti-PD-1 treatment in metastatic melanoma patients with leptomeningeal disease (LMD): real-world data and evidence.,"Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a severe complication of melanoma with a very poor prognosis. Despite improved treatment strategies and prolonged survival, the incidence of LMD has increased over the past decade. This real-world study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intrathecal anti-PD-1 treatment in melanoma patients with LMD."
1187,brain tumour,39422766,MYB/MYBL1-altered gliomas frequently harbor truncations and non-productive fusions in the MYB and MYBL1 genes.,"Astrocytomas that harbor recurrent genomic alterations in MYB or MYBL1 are a group of Pediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas that were newly recognized in the 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. These tumors are described in the WHO classification as harboring fusions in MYB or MYBL1. In this report, we examine 14 consecutive cases in which a MYB or MYBL1 alteration was identified, each with diagnostic confirmation by genome-wide DNA methylation profiling (6 Angiocentric gliomas and 8 Diffuse astrocytomas, MYB- or MYBL1-altered), for their specific genomic alterations in these genes. Using RNA sequencing, we find productive in-frame fusions of the MYB or MYBL1 genes in only 5/14 cases. The remaining 9 cases show genomic alterations that result in truncation of the gene, without evidence of an in-frame fusion partner. Gene expression analysis showed overexpression of the MYB(L1) genes, regardless of the presence of a productive fusion. In addition, QKI, a recognized fusion partner common in angiocentric glioma, was generally up-regulated in these 14 cases, compared to a cohort comprising >1000 CNS tumors of various types, regardless of whether a genomic alteration in QKI was present. Overall, the results show that truncations, in the absence of a productive fusion, of the MYB(L1) genes can likely drive the tumors and have implications for the analysis and diagnosis of Angiocentric glioma and Diffuse astrocytoma, MYB- or MYBL1-altered, especially for cases that are tested on panels designed to focus on fusion detection."
1188,brain tumour,39422764,Dynamics of tumor in situ fluid circulating tumor DNA in recurrent glioblastomas forecasts treatment efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade coupled with low-dose bevacizumab.,"Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies have shown efficacy in various tumors, but long-term responses in glioblastoma are less than 10%. Quantifying tumor in situ fluid circulating tumor DNA (TISF-ctDNA) and therapeutic dynamics may enable real-time GBM disease burden evaluation. This study explores the potential of tumor in situ fluid circulating tumor DNA (TISF-ctDNA) dynamics in predicting treatment efficacy."
1189,brain tumour,39422741,An intracerebral microdialysis study to determine the neuropharmacokinetics of eribulin in patients with metastatic or primary brain tumors.,"Eribulin is an inhibitor of microtubule dynamics. It is not as highly protein bound as the taxanes and is less vulnerable to extrusion by P-glycoprotein in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). These features predict that eribulin could play an active role in managing brain tumors. Indeed, the small amount of published clinical data indicates eribulin may have some efficacy against breast cancer brain metastases. To better understand the potential of eribulin for treating brain tumors, we performed an intracerebral microdialysis study to determine the neuropharmacokinetics of eribulin in cancer patients undergoing tumor resection."
1190,brain tumour,39422691,[Modern concepts of topographic-anatomical classification of craniopharyngiomas: literature review].,Craniopharyngiomas (CP) are benign chiasmatic-sellar tumors in children and adults. Surgical resection is currently the main method for CP and largely depends on topographic and anatomical location of tumor.
1191,brain tumour,39422686,[Short-lasting tentorial herniation may cause cortical blindness. A case report and systematic literature review].,"Cortical blindness occurs with bilateral damage to the visual cortex. It can be caused by various reasons, including the posterior cerebral arteries stroke due to the tentorial herniation."
1192,brain tumour,39422684,[Disease-free survival after surgical and combined treatment of newly diagnosed craniopharyngiomas in adults].,"Craniopharyngioma (CP) is a benign epithelial tumor predominantly localized in chiasmatic-sellar region and third ventricle. There are two histological variants of CP: adamantinoma-like (ACP, 85%) and papillomatous (PCP). These types differ significantly in origin and histological structure. PCP predominantly occurs in adults. Treatment of CP, including effectiveness of radiotherapy, is described in multiple studies and mainly devoted to pediatric patients."
1193,brain tumour,39422680,[Choice of fractionation regimen for Grade IV gliomas depending on rapid early progression].,To investigate the effect of two fractionation regimens on survival in patients with Grade IV gliomas depending on rapid early progression (REP).
1194,brain tumour,39422678,[PET/CT with 11C-methionine as a predictor of disease-free survival in patients with IDH1 wild type diffuse glioma].,Prognosis of 
1195,brain tumour,39422164,"Margin derivation from intrafraction patient motion of multi-target, single isocentre, brain stereotactic radiosurgery treatments.","Brain metastases are the most common intracranial malignancy and remain a substantial source of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Linear accelerator based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is widely used and is frequently delivered by hypo-fractionnated volumetric modulated arc therapy using non-coplanar beams, where geometric accuracy and planning margins are a major concern."
1196,brain tumour,39421718,Fluorescence lifetime imaging unravels the pathway of glioma cell death upon hypericin-induced photodynamic therapy.,"Malignant primary brain tumors are a group of highly aggressive and often infiltrating tumors that lack adequate therapeutic treatments to achieve long time survival. Complete tumor removal is one precondition to reach this goal. A promising approach to optimize resection margins and eliminate remaining infiltrative so-called guerilla cells is photodynamic therapy (PDT) using organic photosensitizers that can pass the disrupted blood-brain-barrier and selectively accumulate in tumor tissue. Hypericin fulfills these conditions and additionally offers outstanding photophysical properties, making it an excellent choice as a photosensitizing molecule for PDT. However, the actual hypericin-induced PDT cell death mechanism is still under debate. In this work, hypericin-induced PDT was investigated by employing the three distinct fluorescent probes hypericin, resorufin and propidium iodide (PI) in fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). This approach enables visualizing the PDT-induced photodamaging and dying of single, living glioma cells, as an "
1197,brain tumour,39421709,Early growth response 1 transcription factor and its context-dependent functions in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of primary brain tumour in adults. This tumour employs numerous transcription factors to advance and sustain its progression. Current evidence suggest that early growth response 1 (EGR1) plays a dual role as both an oncogene and a tumour suppressor in glioblastoma. Early growth response 1 expression is prevalent in glioblastoma, affecting over 80% of cases. Early growth response 1 regulatory roles extend to angiogenesis, cell adhesion, and resistance to chemotherapy, notably influencing pathways like hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and vascular endothelial growth factor A. Early growth response 1 can also induce cell adhesion, migration, chemoresistance against temozolomide, stemness, and self-renewal in glioblastoma cells. Despite its oncogenic functions, EGR1 can also suppress tumours by upregulating non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene 1 and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten, and inhibiting invasion and metastasis. Additionally, EGR1 may have hypothetical implications in the viral hit-and-run theory, particularly regarding cytomegalovirus infection. The key findings of this review are the context- dependent nature of EGR1's actions and its potential as a prognostic marker in glioblastoma. Further research is needed to understand EGR1's role fully and exploit its potential in clinics."
1198,brain tumour,39421705,The effects of tumor-derived exosomes enriched with miRNA-211a on B16F10 cells.,"Exosomes have emerged as a novel alternative delivery system for transporting small molecules. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) possess anti-cancer properties and serve as natural carriers of microRNAs. Using this knowledge as a foundation, the current study evaluated the efficacy of delivering a miR-211 mimic "
1199,brain tumour,39421649,"Pivotal Role of Cranial Irradiation-Induced Peripheral, Intrinsic, and Brain-Engrafting Macrophages in Malignant Glioma.","Malignant (high-grade) gliomas are aggressive intrinsic brain tumors that diffusely infiltrate the brain parenchyma. They comprise of World Health Organization (WHO) grade III and IV gliomas. Ionizing radiation or irradiation (IR) is frequently utilized in the treatment of both primary as well as metastatic brain tumors. On the contrary, macrophages (MΦ) are the most copious infiltrating immune cells of all the different cell types colonizing glioma. MΦ at tumor milieu are referred to as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMΦ). In malignant gliomas milieu, TAMΦ are also polarized into two distinct phenotypes such as M1 TAMΦ or M2 TAMΦ, which are capable of inhibiting or promoting tumor growth, respectively. Cranial-IR such as x- and γ-IR are sufficient to induce the migration of peripherally derived MΦ into the brain parenchyma. The IR facilitate a more immunosuppressive milieu via the stimulation of efferocytosis in TAMΦ, and an upsurge of tumor cell engulfment by TAMΦ exhibited detrimental effect of the anti-tumoral immune response in glioma. The MΦ inside the tumor mass are associated with multiple phenomena that include IR resistance and enrichment of the M2 MΦ after IR is able to facilitate glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) recurrence. Reviews on the role of cranial IR-induced peripheral and brain-engrafting macrophages (BeMΦ) in glioma are lacking. Specifically, most studies on peripheral, intrinsic as well as beMΦ on IR focus on WHO grade III and IV. Thus, this review precisely focuses primary on WHO grade III as well as IV gliomas."
1200,brain tumour,39420933,Usefulness of prolactin levels in predicting the etiology of hyperprolactinemia in a cohort of 770 patients.,Determining the etiology of hyperprolactinemia is fundamental for selecting the most appropriate treatment strategy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and accuracy of prolactin levels in predicting the etiology of nonphysiological hyperprolactinemia.
1201,brain tumour,39420885,Pituitary stalk thickening in pediatric patients: an underrecognized diagnosis?,Pituitary stalk thickening (PST) is a rare condition in pediatric patients. Data on PST in Latin American pediatric populations are scarce. The aim of this study was to characterize a comprehensive cohort of pediatric patients diagnosed with PST in Chile between 2020 and 2022.
1202,brain tumour,39420861,Carrier-Free Biomimetic Organic Nanoparticles with Super-High Drug Loading for Targeted NIR-II Excitable Triple-Modal Bioimaging and Phototheranostics.,"Multimodal near-infrared II (NIR-II) theranostics combined with nanotechnology have emerged as promising treatments for cancer due to their noninvasive and high spatiotemporal nature. Traditional NIR-II theranostics typically comprise useless and massive inert carriers, resulting in low drug loading capacity, reduced therapeutic effects, and potential biotoxicity. To overcome these limitations, this work reports carrier-free NIR-II theranostics simultaneously with high drug loading capacity and multimodal NIR-II imaging capabilities for cancer phototheranostics in the NIR-II window. Carrier-free BTA nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared by self-assembling the NIR-II responsive conjugated oligomer BTA without adding coating agents; these NPs exhibited 100% drug loading and high-performance NIR-II theranostic capabilities. Cancer cell membranes are camouflaged on carrier-free BTA NPs to provide homologous targeting ability, enhanced stability, and 77.8% drug loading. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that biomimetic NPs provide efficient triple-modal guidance for NIR-II fluorescence, photoacoustic, and photothermal imaging and complete tumor elimination via photothermal therapy (PTT). Additionally, theranostics-based treatments with good biosecurity are demonstrated. This study contributes a new strategy for the design of high-drug-loading NIR-II theranostics and further promotes the clinical translation of theranostic agents."
1203,brain tumour,39420399,Microglia morphological response to mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles demonstrates EV therapeutic potential for modulating neuroinflammation.,"Mesenchymal stromal cell derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are a promising therapeutic for neuroinflammation. MSC-EVs can interact with microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, to exert their immunomodulatory effects. In response to inflammatory cues, such as cytokines, microglia undergo phenotypic changes indicative of their function e.g. morphology and secretion. However, these changes in response to MSC-EVs are not well understood. Additionally, no disease-relevant screening tools to assess MSC-EV bioactivity exist, which has further impeded clinical translation. Here, we developed a quantitative, high throughput morphological profiling approach to assess the response of microglia to neuroinflammation- relevant signals and whether this morphological response can be used to indicate the bioactivity of MSC-EVs."
1204,brain tumour,39420050,Gustatory interface for operative assessment and taste decoding in patients with tongue cancer.,"Taste, a pivotal sense modality, plays a fundamental role in discerning flavors and evaluating the potential harm of food, thereby contributing to human survival, physical and mental health. Patients with tongue cancer may experience a loss of taste following extensive surgical resection with flap reconstruction. Here, we designed a gustatory interface that enables the non-invasive detection of tongue electrical activities for a comprehensive operative assessment. Moreover, it decodes gustatory information from the reconstructed tongue without taste buds. Our gustatory interface facilitates the recording and analysis of electrical activities on the tongue, yielding an electrical mapping across the entire tongue surface, which delineates the safe margin for surgical management and assesses flap viability for postoperative structure monitoring and prompt intervention. Furthermore, the gustatory interface helps patients discern tastes with an accuracy of 97.8%. Our invention offers a promising approach to clinical assessment and management and holds potential for improving the quality of life for individuals with tongue cancer."
1205,brain tumour,39420038,Pathomics models for CD40LG expression and prognosis prediction in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent primary malignant tumor of the nervous system. In this study, we utilized pathomics analysis to explore the expression of CD40LG and its predictive value for the prognosis of GBM patients. We analyzed the expression differences of CD40LG in GBM tissue and normal brain tissue, along with performing survival prognosis analysis. Additionally, histopathological sections of GBM were used to screen for pathological features. Subsequently, SVM and LR pathomics models were constructed, and the models' performance was evaluated. The pathomics model was employed to predict CD40LG expression and patient prognosis. Furthermore, we investigated the potential molecular mechanisms through enrichment analysis, WGCNA analysis, immune correlation analysis, and immune checkpoint analysis. The expression level of CD40LG was significantly increased in GBM. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that high expression of CD40LG is a risk factor for overall survival (OS) in GBM patients. Five pathological features were identified, and SVM and LR pathomics models were constructed. Model evaluation showed promising predictive effects, with an AUC value of 0.779 for the SVM model, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test confirmed the model's prediction probability consistency (P > 0.05). The LR model achieved an AUC value of 0.785, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated good agreement between the LR model's predicted probabilities and the true value (P > 0.05). Immune infiltration analysis revealed a significant correlation between the pathomics score (PS) and the degree of infiltration of activated DC cells, T cells CD4 naïve, Macrophages M2, Macrophages M1, and T cells CD4 memory resting. Our results demonstrate that the pathomics model exhibits predictability for CD40LG expression and GBM patient survival. These findings can be utilized to assist neurosurgeons in selecting optimal treatment strategies in clinical practice."
1206,brain tumour,39419978,PAK6 rescues pathogenic LRRK2-mediated ciliogenesis and centrosomal cohesion defects in a mutation-specific manner.,"P21 activated kinase 6 (PAK6) is a serine-threonine kinase with physiological expression enriched in the brain and overexpressed in a number of human tumors. While the role of PAK6 in cancer cells has been extensively investigated, the physiological function of the kinase in the context of brain cells is poorly understood. Our previous work uncovered a link between PAK6 and the Parkinson's disease (PD)-associated kinase LRRK2, with PAK6 controlling LRRK2 activity and subcellular localization via phosphorylation of 14-3-3 proteins. Here, to gain more insights into PAK6 physiological function, we performed protein-protein interaction arrays and identified a subgroup of PAK6 binders related to ciliogenesis. We confirmed that endogenous PAK6 localizes at both the centrosome and the cilium, and positively regulates ciliogenesis not only in tumor cells but also in neurons and astrocytes. Notably, PAK6 rescues ciliogenesis and centrosomal cohesion defects associated with the G2019S but not the R1441C LRRK2 PD mutation. Since PAK6 binds LRRK2 via its GTPase/Roc-COR domain and the R1441C mutation is located in the Roc domain, we used microscale thermophoresis and AlphaFold2-based computational analysis to demonstrate that PD mutations in LRRK2 affecting the Roc-COR structure substantially decrease PAK6 affinity, providing a rationale for the differential protective effect of PAK6 toward the distinct forms of mutant LRRK2. Altogether, our study discloses a novel role of PAK6 in ciliogenesis and points to PAK6 as the first LRRK2 modifier with PD mutation-specificity."
1207,brain tumour,39419964,Therapeutic targeting of differentiation-state dependent metabolic vulnerabilities in diffuse midline glioma.,"H3K27M diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), including diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG), exhibit cellular heterogeneity comprising less-differentiated oligodendrocyte precursors (OPC)-like stem cells and more differentiated astrocyte (AC)-like cells. Here, we establish in vitro models that recapitulate DMG-OPC-like and AC-like phenotypes and perform transcriptomics, metabolomics, and bioenergetic profiling to identify metabolic programs in the different cellular states. We then define strategies to target metabolic vulnerabilities within specific tumor populations. We show that AC-like cells exhibit a mesenchymal phenotype and are sensitized to ferroptotic cell death. In contrast, OPC-like cells upregulate cholesterol biosynthesis, have diminished mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and are accordingly more sensitive to statins and OXPHOS inhibitors. Additionally, statins and OXPHOS inhibitors show efficacy and extend survival in preclinical orthotopic models established with stem-like H3K27M DMG cells. Together, this study demonstrates that cellular subtypes within DMGs harbor distinct metabolic vulnerabilities that can be uniquely and selectively targeted for therapeutic gain."
1208,brain tumour,39419169,Mesenchymal-Type Genetic Mutations Are Likely Prerequisite for Glioblastoma Multiforme to Metastasize Outside the Central Nervous System: An Original Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and prevalent type of malignant brain tumor, yet it metastasizes outside the central nervous system (CNS) in only 0.4% of cases. Little is known about what enables this subset of GBMs to take root outside the CNS, but genetic mutations likely play a role."
1209,brain tumour,39419093,Assessing suitability and stability of materials for a head and neck anthropomorphic multimodality (MRI/CT) phantoms for radiotherapy.,
1210,brain tumour,39418623,Patterns of Care for Brain Metastases in Asia: A Real-World Survey Conducted by the Federation of Asian Organizations for Radiation Oncology.,To report the patterns of care for brain metastases (BMs) in the Federation of Asian Organizations for Radiation Oncology (FARO).
1211,brain tumour,39417922,Embryonic 6:2 Fluorotelomer Alcohol Exposure Disrupts the Blood‒Brain Barrier by Causing Endothelial‒to‒Mesenchymal Transition in the Male Mice.,"6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH) is a raw material used in the manufacture of short-chain poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances. Our previous study revealed that gestational exposure to 6:2 FTOH can impair blood‒brain barrier (BBB) function in offspring, accompanied by anxiety-like behavior and learning memory deficits. The aim of this study was to further investigate the specific mechanism by which maternal exposure to 6:2 FTOH resulted in impaired BBB function in offspring mice. Pregnant mice were orally administered different doses of 6:2 FTOH (0, 5, 25, and 125 mg/kg/day) from gestation day 8.5 until delivery. These results confirmed that maternal 6:2 FTOH exposure impaired BBB function and disrupted the brain immune microenvironment. Subsequent investigations revealed that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in the cerebral microvascular endothelium of offspring may be the mechanism mediating functional disruption of the BBB. Mechanistic studies revealed that exposure to 6:2 FTOH upregulated ETS proto-oncogene 1 (ETS1) expression via the tumor necrosis factor-α/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway, which mediated disturbances in energy metabolism, leading to impaired actin dynamics and subsequently triggering the EndMT phenotype. This is the first finding indicating that gestational 6:2 FTOH exposure caused functional impairment of the BBB through ETS1-mediated EndMT in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, potentially providing novel insight into the environmental origins of neurodevelopmental disorders."
1212,brain tumour,39417883,Central nervous system solitary fibrous tumors: Case series in accordance with the WHO 2021 reclassification. Framework for patient surveillance.,"Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are a rare type of mesenchymal tumors. The World Health Organization reclassified SFTs in 2021. Currently, guidelines concerning treatment and follow-up are lacking. We performed a retrospective case series with reclassification of SFTs, according to the most recent WHO classification, to explore tumor-behavior. The purpose is to build a framework for long-term patient surveillance."
1213,brain tumour,39417842,A promise of nose to brain delivery of bevacizumab intranasal sol-gel formulation substantiated in rat C6 glioma model.,"Glioblastoma is one of the rapidly spreading cancers, with its potent malignancy often linked to pronounced angiogenesis within tumors. To mitigate this vascularization profile, bevacizumab (Avastin®), a monoclonal antibody, has been utilized for its antiangiogenic activity. However, its effectiveness is hindered by challenges in crossing the blood-brain barrier and the risk of off-target organ toxicity. Delivering drugs directly from the nose to the brain through the olfactory or trigeminal nerves bypassing the blood-brain barrier offers enhanced bioavailability and a more precise targeting strategy. To overcome these challenges, we aimed to develop bevacizumab in situ gel loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles for intranasal delivery and further examine their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics. The intranasal gel of mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with bevacizumab was optimized and formulated using a factorial and quality by design approach. In the case of bevacizumab mesoporous silica nanoparticles, lower particle size and most negative zeta potential were selected as quality target product profiles which is important for drug loading on the mesoporous silica nanoparticles and also transport of these nanoparticles across the nasal mucosa to the brain. A design space with a multidimensional combination of input variables and process parameters has been demonstrated to assure quality. To optimize the design space and achieve the desired quality standards, the base catalyst and surfactant concentration were chosen as the critical process parameters, while particle size and zeta potential were identified as the critical quality attributes. The novel formulation was assessed for physicochemical parameters such as particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, appearance, color, consistency, and pH. Additionally, studies on in vitro release, ex vivo permeation, stability, nasal toxicity, organ safety, and bioavailability were conducted. The efficacy study was conducted in an orthotopic murine glioblastoma rat model in which C6 Luc cells were instilled in the striatum of the rat's brain. In vivo, bioluminescence imaging of brain tumors was carried out to observe the tumor regression after treatment with the intranasal and intravenous bevacizumab formulation. Biochemical parameters and histopathology were performed for organ safety studies. The optimized intranasal formulation exhibited an average particle size of 318.8 nm and a zeta potential of - 14.7 mV for the mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The formulation also demonstrated an entrapment efficiency of 91.34% and a loading capacity of 45.67%. Further pharmacokinetic studies revealed that the optimized intranasal bevacizumab formulation achieved a significantly higher brain concentration Cmax = 147.9 ng/ml, indicating improved bioavailability compared to rats administered with intravenous bevacizumab formulation (BEVATAS®), which had a Cmax of 127.2 ng/ml. Moreover, this nanoparticle formulation entirely mitigated systemic exposure to bevacizumab. Organ safety evaluation of different biochemical parameters and histopathological analyses revealed that the intranasal bevacizumab-treated group was showing less off-target organ toxicity compared to the group treated with intravenous bevacizumab formulation. Subsequently, the efficacy of this nanosystem was evaluated in an orthotopic glioblastoma rat model, monitoring tumor growth over time through in vivo bioluminescence imaging and assessing anti-angiogenic effects. Twenty-one days post-induction, mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with bevacizumab in situ gel exhibited a marked reduction in average bioluminescence radiance (4.39 × 10"
1214,brain tumour,39417611,Ninjurin1 deficiency differentially mitigates colorectal cancer induced by azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium in male and female mice.,"This study investigated the role of Ninjurin1 (Ninj1), encoding a small transmembrane protein, in colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis in relation to sex hormones. Male and female wild-type (WT) and Ninj1 knockout (KO) mice were treated with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), with or without testosterone propionate (TP). At week 2 (acute colitis stage), Ninj1 KO exhibited an alleviation in the colitis symptoms in both male and female mice. The M2 macrophage population increased and CD8"
1215,brain tumour,39417309,The translatome of glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GB), the most common and aggressive brain tumor, demonstrates intrinsic resistance to current therapies, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Cancer progression can be partially attributed to the deregulation of protein translation mechanisms that drive cancer cell growth. In this study, we present the translatome landscape of GB as a valuable data resource. Eight patient-derived GB sphere cultures (GSCs) were analyzed using ribosome profiling and messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing. We investigated inter-cell-line differences through differential expression analysis at both the translatome and transcriptome levels. Translational changes post-radiotherapy were assessed at 30 and 60 min. The translation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) was validated using in-house and public mass spectrometry (MS) data, whereas RNA expression was confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Our findings demonstrate that ribosome sequencing provides more detailed information than MS or transcriptional analyses. Transcriptional similarities among GSCs correlate with translational similarities, aligning with previously defined subtypes such as proneural and mesenchymal. Additionally, we identified a broad spectrum of open reading frame types in both coding and non-coding mRNA regions, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and pseudogenes undergoing active translation. Translation of ncRNAs into peptides was independently confirmed by in-house data and external MS data. We also observed that translational regulation of histones (downregulated) and splicing factors (upregulated) occurs in response to radiotherapy. These data offer new insights into genome-wide protein synthesis, identifying translationally regulated genes and alternative translation initiation sites in GB under normal and radiotherapeutic conditions, providing a rich resource for GB research. Further functional validation of differentially expressed genes after radiotherapy is needed. Understanding translational control in GB can reveal mechanistic insights and identify currently unknown biomarkers, ultimately enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of this aggressive brain cancer."
1216,brain tumour,39417186,RNASE4 promotes malignant progression and chemoresistance in hypoxic glioblastoma via activation of AXL/AKT and NF-κB/cIAPs signaling pathways.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor frequently characterized by a hypoxic microenvironment. In this investigation, we unveiled unprecedented role of Ribonuclease 4 (RNASE4) in GBM pathogenesis through integrative methodologies. Leveraging The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and clinical specimens from normal brain tissues, low- and high-grade gliomas, alongside rigorous "
1217,brain tumour,39417185,The Zeb1-Cxcl1 axis impairs the antitumor immune response by inducing M2 macrophage polarization in breast cancer.,"Zeb1, a key epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulator, has recently been found to be involved in M2 macrophage polarization in the tumor immune microenvironment, thereby promoting tumor development. However, the underlying mechanism of Zeb1-induced M2 macrophage polarization remains largely unexplored. To identify the potential role of Zeb1 in remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment in breast cancer, we crossed the floxed Zeb1 allele homozygously into PyMT mice to generate PyMT;"
1218,brain tumour,39417102,Functional germline variants in DNA damage repair pathways are associated with altered survival in adults with glioma treated with temozolomide.,"Temozolomide (TMZ) treatment has demonstrated, but variable, impact on glioma prognosis. This study examines associations of survival with DNA repair gene germline polymorphisms among glioma patients who did and did not have TMZ treatment. Identifying genetic markers which sensitize tumor cells to TMZ could personalize therapy and improve outcomes."
1219,brain tumour,39416869,A novel metastatic tumor segmentation method with a new evaluation metric in clinic study.,Brain metastases are the most common brain malignancies. Automatic detection and segmentation of brain metastases provide significant assistance for radiologists in discovering the location of the lesion and making accurate clinical decisions on brain tumor type for precise treatment.
1220,brain tumour,39416790,Profiling hypoxia signaling reveals a lncRNA signature contributing to immunosuppression in high-grade glioma.,"Hypoxic conditions in glioma are linked to tumor aggressiveness, poor prognosis, and treatment resistance. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in the hypoxic and immune microenvironment of cancers, but their link to hypoxia-induced immunosuppression in high-grade glioma (HGG) is not well-studied."
1221,brain tumour,39416786,Genetic variants of ,"T cell exhaustion is a state in which T cells become dysfunctional and is associated with a decreased efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Lung cancer has the highest mortality among all cancers. However, the roles of genetic variants of the T cell exhaustion-related genes in the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients has not been reported."
1222,brain tumour,39416076,Identification of targetable epigenetic vulnerabilities in uveal melanoma.,"Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most prevalent primary intraocular malignancy in adults, which preferentially metastasizes to the liver in approximately half of all cases. Metastatic UM is notoriously resistant to therapy and is almost uniformly fatal. UM metastasis is most strongly associated with mutational inactivation of the "
1223,brain tumour,39415674,Experimental colitis is comorbid with social interaction deficits and anxiety-like behaviors in mice: mechanistic intuitions into neuroinflammation and Claudin 5 expression in the hippocampus.,"Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is accompanied by psychiatric disorders, including Schizophrenic-like manifestations. Although incompletely illustrated, intestinal mucosal membrane damage and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrability may have significant roles in psychiatric symptoms of IBD. This study aimed to investigate role of the Claudin-5 (CLDN5) (a regulator of the permeability of BBB) and neuroinflammatory response in the comorbid behavioral disorders in experimental colitis in mice. Acetic acid was used to induce colitis in mice. 7 days after induction of colitis, behaviors including social interaction and locomotor activity as well as anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated. Then, the colon was extracted for gross and microscopic evaluations. The expression of CLDN5, TNF-α, IL1β and IL23 was measured by RT-PCR in the colon and hippocampus. Histopathologic evaluations demonstrated mucosal, submucosal, and crypt-related damages in the colon. The negative and positive number of social interactions significantly increased in the colitis group. A considerable increase in locomotor activities (horizontal and vertical components) shown in the colitis group. Mice in colitis group spent less time in the central zone in the open field apparatus. Gene expressions of TNF-α, IL1β, and IL23 increased and CLDN5 decreased in the colitis group. The barrier function of the intestine and brain would be impaired, partially at least, following colitis (as we observed decrease in CLDN5 gene expression). Furthermore, we found that beside inflammatory response in the colon, a neuro-immune response triggered in the hippocampus following colitis. These alterations probably, mediated comorbid behavioral disorders in acetic acid-induced colitis in mice."
1224,brain tumour,39415342,Pediatric patients with von Hippel-Lindau and hemangioblastomas treated successfully with belzutifan.,"Hemangioblastoma is the most common tumor associated with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), and are a leading cause of mortality. We present five pediatric patients with VHL-associated hemangioblastomas treated with belzutifan, a hypoxia-inducible factor 2a (HIF2a) inhibitor. Three patients were started on belzutifan due to vision loss from progressive retinal hemangioblastomas. Within one year of treatment, all three patients had improvement in hemangioblastoma size and visual acuity. For patients with intracranial lesions, belzutifan resulted in an improvement in neurologic symptoms and hemangioblastoma size. Four patients experienced grade 1-2 anemia and two patients required a dose reduction. Our report suggests that belzutifan can be an effective therapy for pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients with VHL-associated hemangioblastomas."
1225,brain tumour,39415299,The value of nomogram based on MRI functional imaging in differentiating cerebral alveolar echinococcosis from brain metastases.,This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a nomogram model constructed using Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI) and 3D Arterial Spin Labeling (3D-ASL) functional imaging techniques in distinguishing between cerebral alveolar echinococcosis (CAE) and brain metastases (BM).
1226,brain tumour,39415292,The deubiquitinase OTUD3 stabilizes IRP2 expression to reduce hippocampal neuron ferroptosis via the p53/PTGS2 pathway to ameliorate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.,"Ischemic stroke (IS) is known for its high morbidity, disability and mortality rates, and studies designed to explore its pathophysiological mechanisms and identify novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. We aimed to probe the effects of the deubiquitinase OTUD3-IRP2-p53/PTGS2 pathway on cerebral ischemia‒reperfusion (I/R) injury and hippocampal neuron ferroptosis."
1227,brain tumour,39415284,Effect of intravenous versus inhaled anesthetics on blood-brain barrier dysfunction and neuroinflammation in elderly patients undergoing major surgery: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.,"Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is one of the major complications after surgery, with devastating clinical outcomes. Although POCD is a condition with a multifactorial pathophysiology, blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and neuronal injury have been shown to play a critical role, especially in the elderly. Previous studies have demonstrated that the choice of anesthetics affect BBB permeability and neuroinflammation. However, most studies are carried out on animals, with limited research undertaken on humans. Therefore, we will compare the effect of intravenous anesthetics and inhaled anesthetics on BBB dysfunction and the change of inflammatory markers after surgery."
1228,brain tumour,39414524,Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting for Brain Tumors.,"Brain tumors exert their clinical effects in a variety of ways. Mass effect, edema, seizures, and a vicious cycle of cause and effect are often the focus of therapeutic interventions employed to improve clinical signs and increase survival time. Obstructive hydrocephalus is a common sequela of certain types of brain tumors and is often the major driver of clinical signs seen in tumors arising within the ventricular system. This study outlines the application of ventriculoperitoneal shunting for obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to brain tumors as part of an overall management program to help increase patients' lifespan and quality of life."
1229,brain tumour,39414383,Arterial to jugular-bulb lactate difference in patients undergoing elective brain tumor craniotomy.,"Hyperlactatemia is common during tumor craniotomy, but the underlying pathophysiology is unclear. This study measured simultaneous arterial and jugular-bulb lactate concentrations in patients undergoing brain tumor craniotomy to investigate the hypothesis that hyperlactatemia was associated with a net cerebrovascular lactate input. In 20 patients, arterial and jugular-bulb blood was collected hourly from the start of surgery to 6 h postoperatively for measurement of lactate, glucose, and oxygen concentration. For each marker, data were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model with jugular-bulb concentration as dependent variable, arterial concentration as fixed effect, and patient as random effect. Furthermore, we generated regression lines between arterial and jugular-bulb concentrations. The slope of the regression line between arterial and jugular-bulb lactate was 0.95 (95% CI 0.93-0.97, R"
1230,brain tumour,39414288,Study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of an online yoga intervention in high-grade glioma patients and their caregivers: the YINOTA-O-trial.,"High-grade glioma patients and their caregivers often suffer from distress and a lower quality of life. Results from studies with patients with mixed cancer entities suggest that yoga can be an effective support. However, it is unclear whether this also applies to high-grade glioma patients and their caregivers. This study aims to investigate the effects of mindfulness-based online yoga for patients and their caregivers on emotional distress, quality of life and stress-associated physiological parameters compared with a waiting control group (WCG)."
1231,brain tumour,39414179,Mitigating sTNF/TNFR1 activation on VGluT2 + spinal cord interneurons improves immune function after mid-thoracic spinal cord injury.,"Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition with 250,000 to 500,000 new cases globally each year. Respiratory infections, e.g., pneumonia and influenza are the leading cause of death after SCI. Unfortunately, there is a poor understanding of how altered neuro-immune communication impacts an individual's outcome to infection. In humans and rodents, SCI leads to maladaptive changes in the spinal-sympathetic reflex (SSR) circuit which is crucial to sympathetic function. The cause of the impaired immune function may be related to harmful neuroinflammation which is detrimental to homeostatic neuronal function, aberrant plasticity, and hyperexcitable circuits. Soluble tumor necrosis factor (sTNF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is elevated in the CNS after SCI and remains elevated for several months after injury. By pharmacologically attenuating sTNF in the CNS after SCI we were able to demonstrate improved immune function. Furthermore, when we investigated the specific cellular population which may be involved in altered neuro-immune communication we reported that excessive TNFR1 activity on excitatory INs promotes immune dysfunction. Furthermore, this observation is NF-kβ dependent in VGluT2 + INs. Our data is the first report of a target within the CNS, TNFR1, that contributes to SCI-induced immune dysfunction after T9-SCI and is a potential avenue for future therapeutics."
1232,brain tumour,39413902,KHDRBS3 facilitates self-renewal and temozolomide resistance of glioblastoma cell lines.,"Glioblastoma is a deadly tumor which possesses glioblastoma stem cell populations involved in temozolomide (TMZ) resistance. To gain insight into the mechanisms of self-renewing and therapy-resistant cancer stem cells, subcellular proteomics was utilized to identify proteins whose expression is enriched in U251-derived glioblastoma stem-like cells. The KH RNA Binding Domain Containing, Signal Transduction Associated 3, KHDRBS3, was successfully identified as a gene up-regulated in the cancer stem cell population compared with its differentiated derivatives. Depletion of KHDRBS3 by RNA silencing led to a decrease in cell proliferation, neurosphere formation, migration, and expression of genes involved in glioblastoma stemness. Importantly, TMZ sensitivity can be induced by the gene knockdown. Collectively, our results highlight KHDRBS3 as a novel factor associated with self-renewal of glioblastoma stem-like cells and TMZ resistance. As a consequence, targeting KHDRBS3 may help eradicate glioblastoma stem-like cells."
1233,brain tumour,39413821,LC-Orbitrap HRMS-Based Proteomics Reveals Novel Mitochondrial Dynamics Regulatory Proteins Associated with ,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive brain tumor found in adult humans with a poor prognosis and average survival of 14-15 months. In order to have a comprehensive understanding of proteome and identify novel therapeutic targets, this study focused mainly on the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) of "
1234,brain tumour,39413708,Integration of circadian rhythms and immunotherapy for enhanced precision in brain cancer treatment.,"Circadian rhythms significantly impact (patho)physiological processes, with disruptions linked to neurodegenerative diseases and heightened cancer vulnerability. While immunotherapy has shown promise in treating various cancers, its efficacy in brain malignancies remains limited. This review explores the nexus of circadian rhythms and immunotherapy in brain cancer treatment, emphasising precision through alignment with the body's internal clock. We evaluate circadian regulation of immune responses, including cell localisation and functional phenotype, and discuss how circadian dysregulation affects anti-cancer immunity. Additionally, we analyse and assess the effectiveness of current immunotherapeutic approaches for brain cancer including immune checkpoint blockades, adoptive cellular therapies, and other novel strategies. Future directions, such as chronotherapy and personalised treatment schedules, are proposed to optimise immunotherapy precision against brain cancers. Overall, this review provides an understanding of the often-overlooked role of circadian rhythms in brain cancer and suggests avenues for improving immunotherapeutic outcomes."
1235,brain tumour,39413698,Cerebral vasospasm following tumor resection: Illustrative cases and review of the literature.,"Cerebral vasospasm (CV) after tumor resection is a rare event, although it is associated with poorer postoperative outcomes and increased morbidity and mortality. Given the potential for neurologic injury secondary to CV, there is a need for further understanding of this phenomenon. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the risk factors of CV following intracranial tumor resection."
1236,brain tumour,39413683,Epilepsy in LEAT and other brain tumors: A focused review.,"Of all patients with brain tumors, about 30-50% suffer from epileptic seizures. The probability of developing epilepsy is particularly high in low-grade, epilepsy-associated brain tumors (LEAT). LEATs often show a pronounced network dysfunction with extensive EEG pathologies and cognitive deficits, and the epilepsies are often difficult to treat. In high-grade brain tumors, epileptic seizures determine morbidity and quality of life. The underlying mechanisms of epileptogenesis of brain tumors are increasingly understood and raise hope for personalized therapeutic approaches. This short, focused review provides an overview of the current understanding of brain tumor-related epilepsies. This paper was presented at 16th International Epilepsy Course and Colloquium held in Frankfurt a.M., Germany, September 2024."
1237,brain tumour,39413572,Complications following laser interstitial thermal therapy: a review.,"Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is being performed more frequently for various lesions within neurosurgery, including epileptic foci, vascular malformations, and tumors. Though this technique generally has an excellent safety profile, it is important to be aware of potential complications. Thermal ablation of tissue leads to disruption of the blood brain barrier as well as an inflammatory response both of which cause the majority of complications from LITT. The most common complications of LITT include cerebral edema, focal neurologic deficits, and intracranial hemorrhage. Few studies have identified factors predicting development of these complications, but many of these are transient and resolve without intervention. Modifications to LITT technique that allows better visualization of patient anatomy along the tract, such as fusing vascular imaging with intraoperative MRI, reduce the risk of complications."
1238,brain tumour,39413547,"Estimates of natural frequencies for nuclear vibration, and an assessment of the feasibility of selective ultrasound ablation of cancer cells.","Selective ablation of cancer cells by ultrasound would be transformative for cancer therapy, but has not yet been possible. A key challenge is that cancerous and non-cancerous cells typically have similar acoustic impedance and are thus indistinguishable as materials in their responses to ultrasound. However, in certain cancers, cytoskeletal and nuclear lamin structures differ between healthy and malignant cells, opening the possibility of exploiting structural differences that manifest as different vibrational responses. To assess the possibility that the nuclei of certain cancerous cells might vibrate at different frequencies, we measured sizes and effective indentation moduli of a range of cancerous and non-cancerous cells from several cell lines and regions of the brain, and estimated the natural frequencies for nuclear vibration. Results suggest a potential difference in natural frequency for nuclear vibration between certain cancerous and non-cancerous cells, on the order of tens of kHz. This gap is potentially sufficient for selective ablation and motivates future experimentation on these specific cell types."
1239,brain tumour,39413458,"Astroblastoma: A molecularly defined entity, its clinico-radiological & pathological analysis of eight cases and review of literature.","Astroblastoma, a unique entity of glial tumor, predominantly occur in young women with distinctive MN1 rearrangement, Given its limited documentation in existing literature, we report eight cases of astroblastoma, detailing their clinical, radiological, and histopathological characteristics along with molecular analysis. We conducted a retrospective analysis of our neuropathology archive database spanning the past 8 years. We included all cases that underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), surgical resection, histopathological examination, molecular testing, and follow-up. Histopathological examination involving immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) was carried out for all cases. All tumors were found to be located in the supratentorial region (cerebral hemisphere). The median age of the group was 35.1 years, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.6:1. The most common clinical presentation was headache. Morphologically, all tumors exhibited astroblastic features with pseudorosettes and perivascular hyalinization. Immunohistochemistry consistently revealed positivity for EMA and variable immunoreactivity for GFAP, OLIG2, and D2-40. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) analysis conducted for all cases showed MN1 rearrangement in 7 cases. The mean follow-up period was 45 months (ranging from 12 to 105 months). Radiotherapy was administered for high-grade and recurrent astroblastomas. All patients are currently alive and in good health. Astroblastomas are uncommon central nervous system (CNS) tumors with characteristics morphology and molecular signatures. They typically carry a favorable prognosis. High level suspicion is required for their diagnosis and molecular analysis is must to distinguish them from other morphological mimics."
1240,brain tumour,39412974,SBTD: Secured Brain Tumor Detection in IoMT Enabled Smart Healthcare.,"Brain tumors are fatal and severely disrupt brain function as they advance. Timely detection and precise monitoring are crucial for improving patient outcomes and survival. A smart healthcare system leveraging the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) revolutionizes patient care by offering streamlined remote healthcare, especially for individuals with acute medical conditions like brain tumors. However, such systems face significant challenges, such as (1) the increasing prevalence of cyber attacks in the expanding digital healthcare landscape, and (2) the lack of reliability and accuracy in existing tumor detection methods. To address these issues, we propose Secured Brain Tumor Detection (SBTD), the first unified system integrating IoMT with secure tumor detection. SBTD features: (1) a robust security framework, grounded in chaos theory, to safeguard medical data; and (2) a reliable machine learning-based tumor detection framework that accurately localizes tumors using their anatomy. Comprehensive experimental evaluations on different multimodal MRI datasets demonstrate the system's suitability, clinical applicability and superior performance over state-of-the-art algorithms."
1241,brain tumour,39412973,A LLM-Based Hybrid-Transformer Diagnosis System in Healthcare.,"The application of computer vision-powered large language models (LLMs) for medical image diagnosis has significantly advanced healthcare systems. Recent progress in developing symmetrical architectures has greatly impacted various medical imaging tasks. While CNNs or RNNs have demonstrated excellent performance, these architectures often face notable limitations of substantial losses in detailed information, such as requiring to capture global semantic information effectively and relying heavily on deep encoders and aggressive downsampling. This paper introduces a novel LLM-based Hybrid-Transformer Network (HybridTransNet) designed to encode tokenized Big Data patches with the transformer mechanism, which elegantly embeds multimodal data of varying sizes as token sequence inputs of LLMS. Subsequently, the network performs both inter-scale and intra-scale self-attention, processing data features through a transformer-based symmetric architecture with a refining module, which facilitates accurately recovering both local and global context information. Additionally, the output is refined using a novel fuzzy selector. Compared to other existing methods on two distinct datasets, the experimental findings and formal assessment demonstrate that our LLM-based HybridTransNet provides superior performance for brain tumor diagnosis in healthcare informatics."
1242,brain tumour,39412936,Bifocal intracranial germ cell tumor: A diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma for radiation oncologists.,"An eight-year-old child presenting with increased thirst, raised intracranial tension and visual deterioration was diagnosed with synchronous suprasellar and pineal lesions, for which she underwent partial resection of the suprasellar lesion. Histopathological examination suggested pure germinoma. Tumor marker evaluation showed significantly raised levels of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (βHCG), favoring a non-germinoma germ cell tumor (NGGCT), leading to a diagnostic dilemma as the histology and βHCG levels were contradictory. Giving cognizance to the tumor marker levels, the treatment was designed on the lines of NGGCT. Planning of radiotherapy including craniospinal irradiation (CSI) and boost to both lesions was once again a challenge, given the proximity of the lesions to vital organs at risk (OAR). Given the child's age and location of lesions, the target volumes and doses of radiation were designed to optimize between the goals of achieving long-term local control and minimizing late-onset toxicities."
1243,brain tumour,39412911,Cost analysis of anticancer chemotherapy and chemoirradiation regimens considering the drugs marketed through Jan Aushadhi (People's Medicine) stores and their branded counterparts: First cost comparison study.,"Chemotherapy in an integral part of cancer treatment, either administered alone or in combination with radiation. However, the cost of these drugs is often prohibitively high for most patients. To address this issue, the Government of India has established Jan Aushadhi (JAS) stores across the country, where affordable generic medicines are available. In the current study, we performed a cost minimization analysis comparing JAS drugs with branded chemotherapeutic drugs used in various cancer treatment regimens."
1244,brain tumour,39412903,"Evaluation of VEGF, BDNF, TRKB expression in oral epithelial dysplasia, oral verrucous carcinoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma and their role as prognostic indicator.","Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a serious health disease that can lead to a reduced quality of life or even death. It ranks sixth in terms of cancer expansion. It is one of India's primary causes of natural death. In OSCC such potentially malignant Disorders (PMDs) are precancerous lesions with such a high risk of progression. Tumor angiogenesis is a one of the basic biomarkers that may influence the proliferation of a precancerous lesion into the cancerous lesion. Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) also play important roles in carcinogenesis by promoting angiogenesis. The construction of new vessels of blood from existing vasculature is referred as angiogenesis."
1245,brain tumour,39412555,Epidemiology and survival of primary intracranial malignant tumor patients with drop metastasis: a population-based analysis.,"Drop metastasis significantly impacts the survival of patients with primary intracranial malignant tumors. Using the information of collaborative stage from the SEER database, we aim to analyze the epidemiology and prognosis of primary intracranial malignant tumor patients with drop metastasis."
1246,brain tumour,39412346,Use of a Single-Fiber Optical Probe for the Detection of Tumor Fluorescence in High-Grade Glioma.,"High-grade glioma (HGG) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. The overall median survival is between 14 and 16 months. Fluorescence-guided surgery by detection of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence has been shown to improve the extent of resection, translating to improved progression-free survival. Microscope-based fluorescence detection techniques are associated with several pain points, some of which may be addressed by using contact-based spectroscopy. We aimed to investigate the accuracy of an optical fiber at detecting PpIX fluorescence by performing real-time spectroscopy in patients with HGG."
1247,brain tumour,39412150,Tumor Volume Doubling Time of Less Than One Year is Associated with a Higher Risk of Death from Medullary Thyroid Cancer.,Tumor volume doubling time (TVDT) is emerging as a useful tool in predicting oncologic outcomes. There is limited data on the prognostic role of TVDT in metastatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC).
1248,brain tumour,39412085,Type II RAF inhibitor tovorafenib for the treatment of pediatric low-grade glioma.,"Pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) is the most prevalent childhood brain tumor group, currently regarded as a chronic disease. On 23 April 2024, the U.S. FDA approved a new type II RAF inhibitor, tovorafenib (OJEMDA"
1249,brain tumour,39411947,Astaxanthin Is a Novel Candidate for Glioblastoma Treatment? A Review.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis and high recurrence rates. At present, the current treatments available for GBM patients can only prolong their overall survival and cannot provide a complete cure. Discovering an effective therapy against the disease is a challenge due to its recurrence and resistance to common available treatments for GBM. Several natural products have been documented to possess the potential to function as anticancer agents through diverse mechanisms. Astaxanthin (AXT) is an orange-red pigment that is a natural lipophilic and xanthophyll carotenoid derived mostly from microalgae. Numerous studies have examined that AXT impacts GBM cells in laboratory settings and animal models. This review aims to provide the latest information about the potential of astaxanthin as a novel therapeutic option for GBM. AXT has been targeted more on reactive oxygen species (ROS), and suppressed tumor growth in vitro and in vivo conditions. The available data suggests that AXT might serve as a key component in the development of innovative cancer therapies, especially for glioblastoma."
1250,brain tumour,39411925,A review of acute symptomatic seizures during awake craniotomy for tumour resection.,"Awake craniotomy (AC) is a procedure often performed concomitantly with direct electrical cortical stimulation (DES) and electrocorticography (ECoG) during functional brain mapping. Patients undergoing AC are at risk of acute symptomatic seizures, including intraoperative (IS) and early postoperative seizures (EPS) which can lead to higher risk of morbidity. Predicting those who are at risk of IS and EPS could alert clinicians and provide the ability to closely monitor and consider management changes in the acute setting to prevent seizures."
1251,brain tumour,39411882,A DTI-based radiomics model for predicting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification in adult IDH1-wild glioblastomas.,"Molecular alteration events are common in glioblastomas, the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild of which have had poor survival results so far. The progress of radiomics-based model provides novel sights for its preoperatively noninvasive prediction."
1252,brain tumour,39411180,Exploring the relationship between neurologists and older persons with multiple sclerosis through the lens of social support theory.,"Although healthcare practitioners (HCPs) are a valuable source of social support, research on support provided by neurologists to older persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) remains limited."
1253,brain tumour,39410840,Subdural fluid accumulation with two meningiomas in a cat.,"A case of two separate meningiomas with concurrent subdural fluid accumulation is presented. A 13-year-old, male neutered domestic shorthair cat presented with behavior change and progressive neurologic signs localizing to the forebrain. Two extra-axial masses were seen along with a large subdural fluid collection on advanced imaging of the brain. Histology of the lesions was consistent with multiple meningiomas, while analysis of the subdural fluid was consistent with cerebrospinal fluid. A case of multiple feline meningiomas with peritumoral subdural fluid accumulation has not previously been reported."
1254,brain tumour,39410806,DNA methylation-array interlaboratory comparison trial demonstrates highly reproducible paediatric CNS tumour classification across 13 international centres.,"DNA methylation profiling, recently endorsed by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a pivotal diagnostic tool for brain tumours, most commonly relies on bead arrays. Despite its widespread use, limited data exist on the technical reproducibility and potential cross-institutional differences. The LOGGIC Core BioClinical Data Bank registry conducted a prospective laboratory comparison trial with 12 international laboratories to enhance diagnostic accuracy for paediatric low-grade gliomas, focusing on technical aspects of DNA methylation data generation and profile interpretation under clinical real-time conditions."
1255,brain tumour,39410015,Tissue-Agnostic Targeting of Neurotrophic Tyrosine Receptor Kinase Fusions: Current Approvals and Future Directions.,
1256,brain tumour,39410008,"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Management of Brain Metastases from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Current Trials, Guidelines and Future Directions.","Brain metastases (BM) are a common, severe complication in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are difficult to treat due to their complex tumor biology and the intricate microenvironment of the brain."
1257,brain tumour,39409919,"Blood-Brain Barrier Conquest in Glioblastoma Nanomedicine: Strategies, Clinical Advances, and Emerging Challenges.","Glioblastoma (GBM) is a prevalent type of malignancy within the central nervous system (CNS) that is associated with a poor prognosis. The standard treatment for GBM includes the surgical resection of the tumor, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy; yet, despite these interventions, overall treatment outcomes remain suboptimal. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability of brain tissue under normal physiological conditions of the CNS, also poses a significant obstacle to the effective delivery of therapeutic agents to GBMs. Recent preclinical studies have demonstrated that nanomedicine delivery systems (NDDSs) offer promising results, demonstrating both effective GBM targeting and safety, thereby presenting a potential solution for targeted drug delivery. In this review, we first explore the various strategies employed in preclinical studies to overcome the BBB for drug delivery. Subsequently, the results of the clinical translation of NDDSs are summarized, highlighting the progress made. Finally, we discuss potential strategies for advancing the development of NDDSs and accelerating their translational research through well-designed clinical trials in GBM therapy."
1258,brain tumour,39409893,Barriers to T Cell Functionality in the Glioblastoma Microenvironment.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor depicted by a cold tumor microenvironment, low immunogenicity, and limited effective therapeutic interventions. Its location in the brain, a highly immune-selective organ, acts as a barrier, limiting immune access and promoting GBM dissemination, despite therapeutic interventions. Currently, chemotherapy and radiation combined with surgical resection are the standard of care for GBM treatment. Although immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized the treatment of solid tumors, its observed success in extracranial tumors has not translated into a significant survival benefit for GBM patients. To develop effective immunotherapies for GBM, it is vital to tailor treatments to overcome the numerous immunosuppressive barriers that inhibit T cell responses to these tumors. In this review, we address the unique physical and immunological barriers that make GBM challenging to treat. Additionally, we explore potential therapeutic mechanisms, studied in central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS cancers, that may overcome these barriers. Furthermore, we examine current and promising immunotherapy clinical trials and immunotherapeutic interventions for GBM. By highlighting the array of challenges T cell-based therapies face in GBM, we hope this review can guide investigators as they develop future immunotherapies for this highly aggressive malignancy."
1259,brain tumour,39409890,Prioritizing Radiation and Targeted Systemic Therapies in Patients with Resected Brain Metastases from Lung Cancer Primaries with Targetable Mutations: A Report from a Multi-Site Single Institution.,
1260,brain tumour,39409350,Design and Implementation of an Ultra-Wideband Water Immersion Antenna for Underwater Ultrasonic Sensing in Microwave-Induced Thermoacoustic Tomography.,"Microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography (MITAT) holds significant promise in biomedical applications. It creates images using ultrasonic sensors to detect thermoacoustic signals induced by microwaves. The key to generating thermoacoustic signals that accurately reflect the fact is to achieve sufficient and uniform microwave power absorption of the testing target, which is closely tied to the microwave illumination provided by the antenna. In this article, we introduce a novel design and implementation of an ultra-wideband water immersion antenna for an MITAT system. We analyze and compare the advantages of selecting water as the background medium. Simulations are conducted to analyze the ultra-wideband characteristics in impedance matching, axial ratio, and radiation pattern of the proposed antenna. The measured |S"
1261,brain tumour,39409094,Glioblastoma and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Glance at Available Treatment Options and Future Directions.,"Glioblastoma is known to be one of the most aggressive and fatal human cancers, with a poor prognosis and resistance to standard treatments. In the last few years, many solid tumor treatments have been revolutionized with the help of immunotherapy. However, this type of treatment has failed to improve the results in glioblastoma patients. Effective immunotherapeutic strategies may be developed after understanding how glioblastoma achieves tumor-mediated immune suppression in both local and systemic landscapes. Biomarkers may help identify patients most likely to benefit from this type of treatment. In this review, we discuss the use of immunotherapy in glioblastoma, with an emphasis on immune checkpoint inhibitors and the factors that influence clinical response. A Pubmed data search was performed for all existing information regarding immune checkpoint inhibitors used for the treatment of glioblastoma. All data evaluating the ongoing clinical trials involving the use of ICIs either as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs was compiled and analyzed."
1262,brain tumour,39409083,Association of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Treatment with Risk of Brain Metastasis in Advanced Stage Breast Cancer.,"The routine use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) is not recommended for the prevention or treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia or febrile neutropenia because risks associated with certain types of cancers, distant organ metastases, and primary tumor growth cannot be excluded. We examined the association between GCSF use and the incidence of brain metastasis (BM), as well as BM-free survival (BMFS). This retrospective cohort study included 121 stage IV breast cancer patients without confirmed BM at the time of diagnosis and who received at least one course of systematic chemotherapy or target therapy at a tertiary teaching hospital between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2022. The effect of GCSF use on BM was assessed with other confounding factors in Cox regression analyses. In this retrospective cohort, patients who received GCSF treatment had a significantly higher incidence of BM than those who did not (34.9% vs. 13.8%, "
1263,brain tumour,39409035,ANKK1 Is a Wnt/PCP Scaffold Protein for Neural F-ACTIN Assembly.,The 
1264,brain tumour,39408923,GSP1-111 Modulates the Microglial M1/M2 Phenotype by Inhibition of Toll-like Receptor 2: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Depression.,"Neuroinflammation plays a vital role in neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders, and microglia and astrocytes chiefly modulate inflammatory responses in the central nervous system (CNS). Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are expressed in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in the CNS, are critical for innate immune responses; microglial TLRs can regulate the activity of these cells, inducing protective or harmful effects on the surrounding cells, including neurons. Therefore, regulating TLRs in microglia may be a potential therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders. We examined the protective effects of GSP1-111, a novel synthetic peptide for inhibiting TLR signaling, on neuroinflammation and depression-like behavior. GSP1-111 decreased TLR2 expression and remarkably reduced the mRNA expression of inflammatory M1-phenotype markers, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, while elevating that of the M2 phenotype markers, Arg-1 and IL-10. In vivo, GSP1-111 administration significantly decreased the depression-like behavior induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a forced swim test and significantly reduced the brain levels of M1-specific inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6). GSP1-111 prevented the LPS-induced microglial activation and TLR2 expression in the brain. Accordingly, GSP1-111 prevented inflammatory responses and induced microglial switching of the inflammatory M1 phenotype to the protective M2 phenotype. Thus, GSP1-111 could prevent depression-like behavior by inhibiting TLR2. Taken together, our results suggest that the TLR2 pathway is a promising therapeutic target for depression, and GSP1-111 could be a novel therapeutic candidate for various neurological disorders."
1265,brain tumour,39408901,The Synergistic Combination of Curcumin and Polydatin Improves Temozolomide Efficacy on Glioblastoma Cells.,"Glioblastoma (GBL) is one of the more malignant primary brain tumors; it is currently treated by a multimodality strategy including surgery, and radio- and chemotherapy, mainly consisting of temozolomide (TMZ)-based chemotherapy. Tumor relapse often occurs due to the establishment of TMZ resistance, with a patient median survival time of <2 years. The identification of natural molecules with strong anti-tumor activity led to the combination of these compounds with conventional chemotherapeutic agents, developing protocols for integrated anticancer therapies. Curcumin (CUR), resveratrol (RES), and its glucoside polydatin (PLD) are widely employed in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields, and several studies have demonstrated that the combination of these natural products was more cytotoxic than the individual compounds alone against different cancers. Some of us recently demonstrated the synergistic efficacy of the sublingual administration of a new nutraceutical formulation of CUR+PLD in reducing tumor size and improving GBL patient survival. To provide some experimental evidence to reinforce these clinical results, we investigated if pretreatment with a combination of CUR+PLD can improve TMZ cytotoxicity on GBL cells by analyzing the effects on cell cycle, viability, morphology, expression of proteins related to cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis or autophagy, and the actin network. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay or a CytoSmart cell counter. CalcuSyn software was used to study the CUR+PLD synergism. The morphology was evaluated by optical and scanning electron microscopy, and protein expression was analyzed by Western blot. Flow cytometry was used for the cell cycle, autophagic flux, and apoptosis analyses. The results provide evidence that CUR and PLD, acting in synergy with each other, strongly improve the efficacy of alkylating anti-tumor agents such as TMZ on drug-resistant GBL cells through their ability to affect survival, differentiation, and tumor invasiveness."
1266,brain tumour,39408897,"Review of Novel Surgical, Radiation, and Systemic Therapies and Clinical Trials in Glioblastoma.","Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite an established standard of care including surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, GBM unfortunately is associated with a dismal prognosis. Therefore, researchers are extensively evaluating avenues to expand GBM therapy and improve outcomes in patients with GBM. In this review, we provide a broad overview of novel GBM therapies that have recently completed or are actively undergoing study in clinical trials. These therapies expand across medical, surgical, and radiation clinical trials. We additionally review methods for improving clinical trial design in GBM."
1267,brain tumour,39408757,Vitamin B6 Pathway Maintains Glioblastoma Cell Survival in 3D Spheroid Cultures.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly brain cancer. The prognosis of GBM patients has marginally improved over the last three decades. The response of GBMs to initial treatment is inevitably followed by relapse. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify and develop new therapeutics to target this cancer and improve both patient outcomes and long-term survival. Metabolic reprogramming is considered one of the hallmarks of cancers. However, cell-based studies fail to accurately recapitulate the in vivo tumour microenvironment that influences metabolic signalling and rewiring. Against this backdrop, we conducted global, untargeted metabolomics analysis of the G7 and R24 GBM 2D monolayers and 3D spheroid cultures under identical cell culture conditions. Our studies revealed that the levels of multiple metabolites associated with the vitamin B6 pathway were significantly altered in 3D spheroids compared to the 2D monolayer cultures. Importantly, we show that pharmacological intervention with hydralazine, a small molecule that reduces vitamin B6 levels, resulted in the cell death of 3D GBM spheroid cultures. Thus, our study shows that inhibition of the vitamin B6 pathway is a novel therapeutic strategy for the development of targeted therapies in GBMs."
1268,brain tumour,39408656,MicroRNAs in Lung Cancer Brain Metastasis.,"Brain metastasis is a significant clinical challenge for patients with advanced lung cancer, occurring in about 20-40% of cases. Brain metastasis causes severe neurological symptoms, leading to a poor prognosis and contributing significantly to lung cancer-related mortality. However, the underlying molecular mechanism behind brain metastasis remains largely unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs linked to several aspects of cancer progression, including metastasis. In the context of lung cancer, significant research has shown the involvement of miRNAs in regulating critical pathways related to metastatic spread to the brain. This review summarizes the scientific evidence regarding the regulatory roles of intra- and extracellular miRNAs, which specifically drive the spread of lung cancer cells to the brain. It also revises the known molecular mechanisms of brain metastasis, focusing on those from lung cancer as the primary tumor to better understand the complex mechanisms underlying this regulation. Understanding these complex regulatory mechanisms holds promise for developing novel diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic strategies in brain metastasis."
1269,brain tumour,39408617,Low-Basicity 5-HT,The serotonin 5-HT
1270,brain tumour,39408256,Memory T-Cells Contribute to Calcium Release from Bones during Lactation in Mice.,
1271,brain tumour,39408228,Methanolic Extract of ,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is among the most aggressive and challenging brain tumors, with limited treatment options. "
1272,brain tumour,39407849,The Ratio of Baseline Ventricle Volume to Total Brain Volume Predicts Postoperative Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt Dependency after Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery.,
1273,brain tumour,39407807,Routine ICU Surveillance after Brain Tumor Surgery: Patient Selection Using Machine Learning.,
1274,brain tumour,39407644,Synthesis of Carborane-Thiazole Conjugates as Tyrosinase and 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Inhibitors: Antiproliferative Activity and Molecular Docking Studies.,"The presented study depicts the synthesis of 11 carborane-thiazole conjugates with anticancer activity, as well as an evaluation of their biological activity as inhibitors of two enzymes: tyrosinase and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1). The overexpression of tyrosinase results in the intracellular accumulation of melanin and can be observed in melanoma. The overexpression of 11β-HSD1 results in an elevation of glucocorticoid levels and has been associated with the aggravation of metabolic disorders such as type II diabetes mellitus and obesity. Recently, as the comorbidity of melanomas and metabolic disorders is being recognized as an important issue, the search for new therapeutic options has intensified. This study demonstrates that carborane-thiazole derivatives inhibit both enzymes, exerting beneficial effects. The antiproliferative action of all newly synthesized compounds was evaluated using three cancer cell lines, namely A172 (human brain glioblastoma), B16F10 (murine melanoma) and MDA-MB-231 (human breast adenocarcinoma), as well as a healthy control cell line of HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells). The results show that 9 out of 11 newly synthesized compounds demonstrated similar antiproliferative action against the B16F10 cell line to the reference drug, and three of these compounds surpassed it. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate dual inhibitory action of carborane-thiazole derivatives against both tyrosinase and 11β-HSD1. Therefore, it represents the first step towards the simultaneous treatment of melanoma and comorbid diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus."
1275,brain tumour,39407401,Vorasidenib- A Paradigm Shift in IDH1- or IDH2-Mutant Low-Grade Glioma Treatment.,No abstract found
1276,brain tumour,39407269,Hypoxic glioma-derived exosomal miR-25-3p promotes macrophage M2 polarization by activating the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway.,"Exosomes (EXO) play crucial roles in intercellular communication and glioma microenvironment modulation. Tumor-associated macrophages are more likely to become M2-like type macrophages in the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of hypoxic glioma-derived exosomes mediated M2-like macrophage polarization."
1277,brain tumour,39407193,Nrf2/Keap1/ARE regulation by plant secondary metabolites: a new horizon in brain tumor management.,"Brain cancer is regarded as one of the most life-threatening forms of cancer worldwide. Oxidative stress acts to derange normal brain homeostasis, thus is involved in carcinogenesis in brain. The Nrf2/Keap1/ARE pathway is an important signaling cascade responsible for the maintenance of redox homeostasis, and regulation of anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities by multiple downstream pathways. Interestingly, Nrf2 plays a somewhat, contradictory role in cancers, including brain cancer. Nrf2 has traditionally been regarded as a tumor suppressor since its cytoprotective functions are considered to be the principle cellular defense mechanism against exogenous and endogenous insults, such as xenobiotics and oxidative stress. However, hyperactivation of the Nrf2 pathway supports the survival of normal as well as malignant cells, protecting them against oxidative stress, and therapeutic agents. Plants possess a pool of secondary metabolites with potential chemotherapeutic/chemopreventive actions. Modulation of Nrf2/ARE and downstream activities in a Keap1-dependant manner, with the aid of plant-derived secondary metabolites exhibits promise in the management of brain tumors. Current article highlights the effects of Nrf2/Keap1/ARE cascade on brain tumors, and the potential role of secondary metabolites regarding the management of the same."
1278,brain tumour,39407176,Utility of cell index in the diagnosis of healthcare-associated ventriculitis and meningitis: an analytical cross-sectional study.,The diagnosis of healthcare-associated ventriculitis and meningitis (HCAVM) can be complex because multiple factors confound the interpretation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests. The cell index (CI) may help in the diagnosis of HCAVM. It does not incur additional medical cost and it avoids delays from the turnaround time of CSF cultures. It is derived by calculating the ratio of CSF white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) divided by the ratio of peripheral WBC and RBC. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of this parameter.
1279,brain tumour,39406966,"Immunotherapy for glioblastoma: current state, challenges, and future perspectives.","Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and lethal type of brain tumor in human adults. The standard of care offers minimal clinical benefit, and most GBM patients experience tumor recurrence after treatment. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the development of novel immunotherapies or other therapeutic strategies that can overcome immunotherapy resistance in many advanced cancers. However, the benefit of immune-based treatments in GBM is limited because of the unique brain immune profiles, GBM cell heterogeneity, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this review, we present a detailed overview of current immunotherapeutic strategies and discuss the challenges and potential molecular mechanisms underlying immunotherapy resistance in GBM. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth discussion regarding the strategies that can overcome immunotherapy resistance in GBM, which will likely require combination therapies."
1280,brain tumour,39406948,Genome-wide methylation profiling reveals extracellular vesicle DNA as an ex vivo surrogate of cancer cell-derived DNA.,"Extracellular vesicle-derived DNA (evDNA) encapsulates the complete genome and mutational status of cells; however, whether cancer cell-derived evDNA mirrors the epigenetic features of parental genomic DNA remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess and compare the DNA methylation patterns of evDNA from cancer cell lines and primary cancer tissues with those of the nuclear genomic DNA. We isolated evDNA secreted by two cancer cell lines (HCT116 and MDA-MB-231) from various subcellular compartments, including the nucleus and cytoplasm. Additionally, we obtained evDNA and nuclear DNA (nDNA) from the primary cancer tissues of colon cancer patients. We conducted a comprehensive genome-wide DNA methylation analysis using the Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip, examining > 850,000 CpG sites. Remarkable similarities were observed between evDNA and nDNA methylation patterns in cancer cell lines and patients. This concordance extended to clinical cancer tissue samples, showcasing the potential utility of evDNA methylation patterns in deducing cellular origin within heterogeneous populations through methylation-based deconvolution. The observed concordance underscores the potential of evDNA as a noninvasive surrogate marker for discerning tissue origin, particularly in cancer tissues, offering a promising future for cancer diagnostics. This finding enhances our understanding of cellular origins and would help develop innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cancer."
1281,brain tumour,39406773,On the utility of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in canine neurological disorders.,"The cerebral biomarkers, neurofilament light chain (NfL), amyloid-β, tau, and neuron specific enolase (NSE) reflect a wide spectrum of neurological damage in the brain and spinal cord. With this study, we aimed to assess whether these biomarkers hold any potential diagnostic value for the three most common canine neurological diseases. Canines suffering from meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO), brain tumors, and selected non-infectious myelopathies were included. For each diagnosis, we analyzed these biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid collected via cranial puncture from the cisterna magna. Elevated levels of CSF tau, NfL, and NSE were observed in MUO, with all three biomarkers being intercorrelated. Tau and NSE were increased while amyloid-β was decreased in dogs suffering from tumors. In contrast, no biomarker changes were observed in dogs with myelopathies. Covariates such as age, sex, or castration had minimal impact. CSF biomarkers may reflect molecular changes related to MUO and tumors, but not to non-infectious myelopathies. The combination of NfL, tau, and NSE may represent useful biomarkers for MUO as they reflect the same pathology and are not influenced by age."
1282,brain tumour,39406603,Brain metastases reirradiation.,"The advances in cancer screening and therapies have allowed the improvement of metastatic patients' survival, including those with brain metastases. This led to a substantial shift in brain metastases patients' management for whom whole-brain radiation therapy, formerly widely used, has given way to a more focused management in which single- or multifractionated stereotactic radiation therapy now plays a predominant role. Although stereotactic radiation therapy offers excellent local control rates (70 to 90%), it does not prevent brain recurrence outside the radiation field, which is all the more frequent the higher the number of initial metastases and the longer the patient's survival. In the case of brain recurrence after irradiation, therapeutic options will depend both on the previous treatment and on the features of the recurrence. This article aims to review the available data on the efficacy and tolerability of various reirradiation schemes in different clinical situations."
1283,brain tumour,39406602,Radiomics-driven personalized radiotherapy for primary and recurrent tumors: A general review with a focus on reirradiation.,"This review systematically investigates the role of radiomics in radiotherapy, with a particular emphasis on the use of quantitative imaging biomarkers for predicting clinical outcomes, assessing toxicity, and optimizing treatment planning. While the review encompasses various applications of radiomics in radiotherapy, it particularly highlights its potential for guiding reirradiation of recurrent cancers."
1284,brain tumour,39406452,Cerebral venous thrombosis: an unanticipated consequence of unilateral internal jugular vein ligation.,"Retrograde cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare complication following internal jugular vein (IJV) ligation. The patient described in this report is a male in his 30s with locally advanced carcinoma tongue. He underwent near-total glossectomy and bilateral neck dissection. Due to heavy nodal burden, his right IJV had to be sacrificed. The patient presented with features of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) postoperatively. Magnetic resonance venogram of the brain revealed CVT involving sigmoid and transverse sinus. This case report describes a perplexing case of right-sided IJV ligation giving rise to CVT, resulting in raised ICP. Although the contralateral cerebral venous system was found to be normal, it failed to compensate for the obstructed outflow on the affected side. In this case report, we have elucidated the possible mechanism for the development of raised ICP and described the management in the light of existing evidence."
1285,brain tumour,39406282,"MRPL41, as a target for acupuncture, promotes neuron apoptosis in models of ischemic stroke via activating p53 pathway.","Neuronal death is the key cause of ischemic stroke. Acupuncture (Acu) is a recognized method for the treatment and amelioration of cerebral ischemia. However, the molecular mechanism of Acu for treating ischemic stroke has not yet been detailedly elucidated. Based our microarray analysis results, mitochondrial ribosomal protein L41 (MRPL41), which is related to apoptosis, was identified as the target of Acu. MRPL41 expression was increased in middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model and reduced after Acu treatment. Following, MCAO/R model and oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model were established to explore the effect of MRPL41. Knockdown of MRPL41 increased cell viability and ani-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) expression, and reduced apoptosis intensity and pro-apoptotic protein (Bax and Cleaved caspase-3) of OGD/R neurons. In vivo, MRPL41 silencing decreased neurological severity score, shrank infarct area, reduced encephaledema and neuron apoptosis. In addition, reduction of MRPL41 caused loss of p53. Our data uncover that Acu targets MRPL41, following with inhibiting neuron apoptosis via p53 pathway, thereby ameliorating ischemic stroke."
1286,brain tumour,39406278,Histone methyltransferase WHSC1 cooperate with YBX1 promote glioblastoma progression via regulating PLK1 expression.,"Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate gene 1 (WHSC1), a histone methyltransferase, has been implicated in various tumor development processes by regulating target gene expression. However, the role of WHSC1 in glioblastoma remains unexplored. This study investigates the impact of WHSC1 in glioblastoma and its association with prognosis. Our findings reveal that WHSC1 is overexpressed in glioblastoma and correlates with poor patient outcomes. Functional assays demonstrate that the reduction of WHSC1 significantly impairs cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. Mechanistically, WHSC1 modulates PLK1 expression by binding to its promoter region, leading to the activation of the PLK1-AKT pathway, and regulating H3K36 dimethylation levels. Furthermore, YBX1 can cooperate with WHSC1 to activate PLK1 transcription. These results shed light on the potential significance of WHSC1 in glioblastoma and offer a promising avenue for future therapeutic approaches targeting this molecule in glioblastoma treatment."
1287,brain tumour,39406277,Targeting epigenetic mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy in gliomas.,"Glioma, an aggressive type of brain tumors of glial origin is highly heterogeneous, posing significant treatment challenges due to its intrinsic resistance to conventional therapeutic schemes. It is characterized by an interplay between epigenetic and genetic alterations in key signaling pathways which further endorse their resistance potential. Aberrant DNA methylation patterns, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs may alter the expression of genes associated with drug response and cell survival, induce gene silencing or deregulate key pathways contributing to glioma resistance. There is evidence that epigenetic plasticity enables glioma cells to adapt dynamically to therapeutic schemes and allow the formation of drug-resistant subpopulations. Furthermore, the tumor microenvironment adds an extra input on epigenetic regulation, increasing the complexity of resistance mechanisms. Herein, we discuss epigenetic changes conferring to drug resistance mechanisms in gliomas in order to delineate novel therapeutic targets and potential approaches that will enable personalized treatment."
1288,brain tumour,39405598,Communication and information about complementary medicine in a Dutch oncology setting: Interviewing patients and providers on their experiences and needs.,"Complementary medicine such as yoga, massage and art therapy has become increasingly popular among patients with cancer. However, the topic remains under-discussed during oncology consultations: patients seem hesitant to disclose complementary medicine use, and healthcare providers lack resources to discuss complementary medicine. This study aims to gain an understanding of how to improve communication and information provision in oncological settings about complementary medicine by assessing the experiences and needs of patients and healthcare providers."
1289,brain tumour,39405030,"""Such a different type of tiredness"": people with brain tumour, their caregivers', and healthcare professionals' qualitative perceptions of cancer-related fatigue.","Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common symptoms reported by people with primary brain tumour (BT). Previous research predominantly examined CRF using quantitative assessments, failing to capture the rich insight garnered from exploring individuals' lived experiences. We addressed this gap by qualitatively exploring people with BTs' experiences of CRF."
1290,brain tumour,39404938,"DTI fiber-tracking parameters adjacent to gliomas: the role of tract irregularity value in operative planning, resection, and outcome.","The goal of glioma surgery is maximal tumor resection associated with minimal post-operative morbidity. Diffusion tensor imaging-tractography/fiber tracking (DTI-FT) is a valuable white-matter (WM) visualization tool for diagnosis and surgical planning. Still, it assumes a descriptive role since the main DTI metrics and parameters showed several limitations in clinical use. New applications and quantitative measurements were recently applied to describe WM architecture that surround the tumor area. The brain adjacent tumor area (BAT) is defined as the region adjacent to the gross tumor volume, which contains signal abnormalities on T2-weighted or FLAIR sequences. The DTI-FT analysis of the BAT can be adopted as predictive values and a guide for safe tumor resection."
1291,brain tumour,39404864,Variable anatomical features of acromegaly in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses: implications for endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery.,"Growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are the most common cause of acromegaly. The endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EEA) is commonly employed to remove them. Although morphological differences in the nasal cavity exist between acromegaly patients and those with other types of PitNET, few quantitative studies have been performed. This study aimed to evaluate the anatomical features of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in patients with acromegaly."
1292,brain tumour,39404700,Remotely Controlled 3D-Engineered Scaffolds for Biomimetic In Vitro Investigations on Brain Cell Cocultures.,"Most in vitro studies regarding new anticancer treatments are performed on 2D cultures, despite this approach imposes several limitations in recapitulating the real tumor behavior and in predicting the effects of therapy on both cancer and healthy tissues. Herein, advanced in vitro models based on scaffolds that support the 3D growth of glioma cells, further allowing the cocultures with healthy brain cells, are presented. These scaffolds, doped with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and obtained through 2-photon polymerization, can be remotely manipulated thanks to an external magnet, thus obtaining biomimetic 3D organization recapitulating the brain cancer microenvironment. From a geometric point of view, the structure is functional to both cell culture on individual unit scaffolds and to tailored cocultures fostered by magnetic-driven unit assembly, also allowing for cell migration thanks to passages/fenestrations on adjacent structures. Leveraging magnetic dragging, for which a mathematical model is introduced, multiple cocultures are achieved, highlighting the high versatility and the user-friendly character of the proposed platform that can help overcome the current challenges in 3D cocultures handling, and open the way to the construction of increasingly biomimetic artificial systems."
1293,brain tumour,39404601,Surgical Treatment and Clinical Evaluation of Calvarial Metastases.,"The aim of this study is to explore surgical treatment techniques and clinical attributes associated with calvarial metastases, while providing a comprehensive review of the treatment experiences relevant to this particular type of tumor."
1294,brain tumour,39404403,An Optimized Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for Ganglioside Analysis in Cell Lines.,"Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids composed of a sialylated glycan head group and a ceramide backbone. These anionic lipids form lipid rafts and play crucial roles in regulating various proteins involved in signal transduction, adhesion, and cell-cell recognition. Neuroblastoma, a pediatric cancer of the sympathetic nervous system, is treated with intensive chemotherapy, radiation, and an antibody targeting the GD2 ganglioside. Gangliosides are critical in neuroblastoma development and serve as therapeutic targets, making it essential to establish a reliable, rapid, and cost-effective method for profiling gangliosides, particularly one capable of isomeric separation of intact species. In this study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was optimized using standard gangliosides, followed by the optimization of sphingolipid extraction methods from cell lines by comparing Folch and absolute methanol extraction techniques. Percent recovery and the number of identified sphingolipids were used to evaluate the analytical merits of these methods. A standard gangliosides calibration curve demonstrated excellent linearity (R"
1295,brain tumour,39404374,Therapeutic Effect of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy on Boronophenylalanine Administration via Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation in Glioma Rat Models.,"In recent years, various drug delivery systems circumventing the blood-brain barrier have emerged for treating brain tumors. This study aimed to improve the efficacy of brain tumor treatment in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation to deliver boronophenylalanine (BPA) to targeted tumors. Previous experiments have demonstrated that boron accumulation in the brain cells of normal rats remains comparable to that after intravenous (IV) administration, despite BPA being administered via CSF at significantly lower doses (approximately 1/90 of IV doses). Based on these findings, BNCT was conducted on glioma model rats at the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KUR), with BPA administered via CSF. This method involved implanting C6 cells into the brains of 8-week-old Wistar rats, followed by administering BPA and neutron irradiation after a 10-day period. In this study, the rats were divided into four groups: one receiving CSF administration, another receiving IV administration, and two control groups without BPA administration, with one subjected to neutron irradiation and the other not. In the CSF administration group, BPA was infused from the cisterna magna at 8 mg/kg/h for 2 h, while in the IV administration group, BPA was intravenously administered at 350 mg/kg via the tail vein over 1.5 h. Thermal neutron irradiation (5 MW) for 20 min, with an average fluence of 3.8 × 10"
1296,brain tumour,39404181,Unraveling the metastasis-preventing effect of miR-200c in vitro and in vivo.,"Advanced breast cancer, as well as ineffective treatments leading to surviving cancer cells, can result in the dissemination of these malignant cells from the primary tumor to distant organs. Recent research has shown that microRNA 200c (miR-200c) can hamper certain steps of the invasion-metastasis cascade. However, it is still unclear whether miR-200c expression alone is sufficient to prevent breast cancer cells from metastasis formation. Hence, we performed a xenograft mouse experiment with inducible miR-200c expression in MDA-MB 231 cells. The ex vivo analysis of metastatic sites in a multitude of organs, including lung, liver, brain, and spleen, revealed a dramatically reduced metastatic burden in mice with miR-200c-expressing tumors. A fundamental prerequisite for metastasis formation is the motility of cancer cells and, therefore, their migration. Consequently, we analyzed the effect of miR-200c on collective- and single-cell migration in vitro, utilizing MDA-MB 231 and MCF7 cell systems with genetically modified miR-200c expression. Analysis of collective-cell migration revealed confluence-dependent motility of cells with altered miR-200c expression. Additionally, scratch assays showed an enhanced predisposition of miR-200c-negative cells to leave cell clusters. The in-between stage of collective- and single-cell migration was validated using transwell assays, which showed reduced migration of miR-200c-positive cells. Finally, to measure migration at the single-cell level, a novel assay on dumbbell-shaped micropatterns was performed, which revealed that miR-200c critically determines confined cell motility. All of these results demonstrate that sole expression of miR-200c impedes metastasis formation in vivo and migration in vitro and highlights miR-200c as a metastasis suppressor in breast cancer."
1297,brain tumour,39404057,Dual decoding of cell types and gene expression in spatial transcriptomics with PANDA.,"Sequencing-based spatial transcriptomics technologies have revolutionized our understanding of complex biological systems by enabling transcriptome profiling while preserving spatial context. However, spot-level expression measurements often amalgamate signals from diverse cells, obscuring potential heterogeneity. Existing methods aim to deconvolute spatial transcriptomics data into cell type proportions for each spot using single-cell RNA sequencing references but overlook cell-type-specific gene expression, essential for uncovering intra-type heterogeneity. We present PANDA (ProbAbilistic-based decoNvolution with spot-aDaptive cell type signAtures), a novel method that concurrently deciphers spot-level gene expression into both cell type proportions and cell-type-specific gene expression. PANDA integrates archetypal analysis to capture within-cell-type heterogeneity and dynamically learns cell type signatures for each spot during deconvolution. Simulations demonstrate PANDA's superior performance. Applied to real spatial transcriptomics data from diverse tissues, including tumor, brain, and developing heart, PANDA reconstructs spatial structures and reveals subtle transcriptional variations within specific cell types, offering a comprehensive understanding of tissue dynamics."
1298,brain tumour,39403379,IGFBP7+ subpopulation and IGFBP7 risk score in astrocytoma: insights from scRNA-Seq and bulk RNA-Seq.,"Glioma is the predominant malignant brain tumor that lacks effective treatment options due to its shielding by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Astrocytes play a role in the development of glioma, yet the diverse cellular composition of astrocytoma has not been thoroughly researched."
1299,brain tumour,39403339,"Applications of cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor-derived DNA in diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized treatment of CNS metastases.","A common feature of advanced solid tumors is their ability to metastasize and colonize distant organs, including the Central Nervous System (CNS), which encompasses brain and leptomeningeal metastases (LM). While cerebrospinal fluid cytopathological analysis remains a gold standard diagnostic tool, it only provides limited insights into the biology of tumor cells; thus, it is urgent to develop minimally invasive biomarkers that enable a comprehensive quantitative and molecular characterization of disseminated cells, therapy response assessment, and disease monitoring. Liquid biopsy methods have been swiftly developed for some readily accessible bodily fluids such as plasma and urine; circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from these sources have been rapidly implemented into clinical trial design, disease monitoring, and treatment assignment across different tumor types. However, the filter imposed by the brain blood barrier (BBB) hampers the release of tumor-derived cells and molecules from CNS metastases. Crucially, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) liquid biopsy methods offer a unique and unparallel source to develop liquid biopsy methodologies in patients with CNS-disseminated disease, including the characterization of CTCs and ctDNA arising specifically from brain and leptomeningeal metastasis. These technologies have enabled a deeper understanding of tumor cell and molecular dynamics, including the reconstruction of clonal evolution in the brain microenvironment through longitudinal sapling. Here, we discuss the current challenges and opportunities that CSF liquid biopsy methods face for the implementation of these approaches into clinical settings."
1300,brain tumour,39403179,Return to play following craniotomy for non-traumatic brain lesions.,Return to play (RTP) decisions after cranial surgery are important to patients. Most published data relate to RTP following sports-related brain injury. This study investigated factors that influence neurosurgical RTP decision-making following craniotomy for non-traumatic brain lesions.
1301,brain tumour,39403058,The Role of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in the Treatment of Stroke.,"Stroke is a neurological disorder with high disability and mortality rates. Almost 80% of stroke cases are ischemic stroke, and the remaining are hemorrhagic stroke. The only approved treatment for ischemic stroke is thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy. However, these treatments cannot sufficiently relieve the disease outcome, and many patients remain disabled even after effective thrombolysis. Therefore, rehabilitative therapies are necessary to induce remodeling in the brain. Currently, stem cell transplantation, especially via the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), is considered a promising alternative therapy for stimulating neurogenesis and brain remodeling. iPSCs are generated from somatic cells by specific transcription factors. The biological functions of iPSCs are similar to those of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), including immunomodulation, reduced cerebral blood flow, cerebral edema, and autophagy. Although iPSC therapy plays a promising role in both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, its application is associated with certain limitations. Tumor formation, immune rejection, stem cell survival, and migration are some concerns associated with stem cell therapy. Therefore, cell-free therapy as an alternative method can overcome these limitations. This study reviews the therapeutic application of iPSCs in stroke models and the underlying mechanisms and constraints of these cells. Moreover, cell-free therapy using exosomes, apoptotic bodies, and microvesicles as alternative treatments is discussed."
1302,brain tumour,39402859,Repotrectinib: Redefining the therapeutic landscape for patients with ROS1 fusion-driven non-small cell lung cancer.,"The ROS1 proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase with structural homology to other oncogenic drivers, including ALK and TRKA-B-C. The FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) crizotinib and entrectinib have demonstrated efficacy in treating ROS1 fusion-positive NSCLC. However, limitations such as poor blood-brain barrier penetration and acquired resistance, particularly the ROS1 G2032R solvent-front mutation, hinder treatment durability. Repotrectinib, a next-generation macrocyclic TKI, was rationally designed to overcome on-target resistance mutations and improve brain distribution through its low molecular weight. In the TRIDENT-1 clinical trial, repotrectinib demonstrated significant efficacy in both TKI-naïve and TKI-pretreated patients with ROS1-rearranged NSCLC, including those with CNS metastases and G2032R resistance mutations. In the TKI-naïve cohort (n = 71), 79% of patients achieved an objective response, with a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 35.7 months, surpassing all previously approved ROS1 TKIs. In patients who had received one prior ROS1 TKI but were chemotherapy-naïve (n = 56), objective responses were observed in 38%, and median PFS was 9.0 months. The safety profile of repotrectinib was consistent with earlier-generation ROS1 TKIs and common adverse events included anemia, neurotoxicity, increased creatine kinase levels, and weight gain. These findings underscore the potential of repotrectinib to address unmet needs in ROS1-rearranged NSCLC, offering durable responses and improved intracranial activity. Future research should prioritize developing next-generation, selective ROS1 inhibitors to reduce Trk-mediated toxicities and improve treatment tolerance."
1303,brain tumour,39402706,Assessment of anti-CD69 antibody therapy alone or in combination with anti-PD-1 in murine GBM.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive cancer with limited treatment options. Immunotherapy targeting CD69, an early activation marker on T cells, has shown promise in preclinical models of non-CNS malignancies. This study investigates anti-CD69 therapy alone or in combination with anti-PD-1 in a preclinical GBM model."
1304,brain tumour,39402578,Nanoplatelets modified with RVG for targeted delivery of miR-375 and temozolomide to enhance gliomas therapy.,"Gliomas are one of the most frequent primary brain tumors and pose a serious threat to people's lives and health. Platelets, a crucial component of blood, have been applied as drug delivery carriers for disease diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we designed engineered nanoplatelets for targeted delivery of therapeutic miR-375 and temozolomide (TMZ, a first-line glioma treatment agent) to enhance glioma therapy. Nanoplatelets were prepared through mild ultrasound, TMZ and miR-375 were co-loaded through ultrasound and electrostatic interactions, respectively, to combine chemotherapy with gene therapy against glioma. To improve the blood brain barrier (BBB) crossing efficiency and glioma targeting ability, the nanoplatelets were modified with central nervous system-specific rabies viral glycoprotein peptide (RVG) through thiol-maleimide click reaction. The RVG modified nanoplatelets co-loaded TMZ and miR-375 (NR/TMZ/miR-375) not only inherited the good stability and remarkable biocompatibility of platelets, but also promoted the cellular uptake and penetration of glioma tissues, and effectively induced cell apoptosis to enhance the therapeutic effect of drugs. In vivo studies showed that NR/TMZ/miR-375 significantly increased the circulation time of TMZ, and exhibited superior combined antitumor effects. In summary, this multifunctional 'natural' nanodrug delivery system provides a potent, scalable, and safety approach for platelet-based combined cancer chemotherapy and gene therapy."
1305,brain tumour,39402508,Blood transfusion in pediatric intracranial tumor surgery.,Pediatric central nervous system tumors are the most common solid tumors in children and leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Various factors may influence the practice of blood transfusion during this tumor diagnosis. The primary aim of this study was to determine the factors that may influence intraoperative blood transfusion in pediatric patients undergoing surgery for intracranial tumors and to predict patients who may require blood transfusion.
1306,brain tumour,39402369,Growth dynamics of Rathke's Cleft cyst: a risk score system for surgical decision making.,"Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs) exhibit variable growth patterns, thus posing a challenge in predicting progression. While some RCCs may not cause symptoms, others can insidiously cause pituitary dysfunction, which is often irreversible, even following surgery. Hence, it is crucial to identify asymptomatic RCCs that grow rapidly and pose a higher risk of causing endocrinologic dysfunction. This enables timely surgical intervention to prevent permanent damage. Our study examines the growth rate of RCCs, identifies factors that accelerate growth, and discusses the clinical implications of these findings."
1307,brain tumour,39402303,Macrophage diversity in cancer dissemination and metastasis.,"Invasion and metastasis are hallmarks of cancer. In addition to the well-recognized hematogenous and lymphatic pathways of metastasis, cancer cell dissemination can occur via the transcoelomic and perineural routes, which are typical of ovarian and pancreatic cancer, respectively. Macrophages are a universal major component of the tumor microenvironment and, in established tumors, promote growth and dissemination to secondary sites. Here, we review the role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in cancer cell dissemination and metastasis, emphasizing the diversity of myeloid cells in different tissue contexts (lungs, liver, brain, bone, peritoneal cavity, nerves). The generally used models of lung metastasis fail to capture the diversity of pathways and tissue microenvironments. A better understanding of TAM diversity in different tissue contexts may pave the way for tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approaches."
1308,brain tumour,39402283,Intraoperative monitoring and early recognition of facial nerve root in vestibular schwannoma surgery.,"The removal of vestibular schwannomas carries a risk of facial palsy. This study aims to evaluate the usefulness and technical aspects of intraoperative monitoring (IOM) for the facial nerve. A total of 96 patients who underwent surgery for vestibular schwannoma were retrospectively investigated. The cohort was divided into two groups: those with intraoperative facial nerve monitoring (IOM group) and those without IOM (non-IOM group). Preoperative and postoperative facial nerve functions were assessed using the House-Brackmann (HB) scale immediately after surgery, at discharge, and at the 1-year follow-up. HB grade I and II were classified as satisfactory outcomes, HB grade III and IV as intermediate, and HB grade V and VI as poor. Facial nerve functions were compared between the groups. Additionally, the ratio of satisfactory results was investigated in the IOM group, focusing on whether the root exit zone (REZ) was identified at an early or late stage of surgery. Among the 65 (67%) patients in the IOM group and 31 (32%) patients in the non-IOM group, there were no differences in demographic and tumor characteristics. The extent of resection varied from subtotal to gross total removal, with no statistical differences between the groups. Although facial nerve function was more favorably preserved in the non-IOM group immediately after surgery, this trend reversed at discharge and the 1-year follow-up, showing significant statistical differences. In the IOM group, more patients achieved satisfactory outcomes when the REZ was identified early compared to late during tumor resection. Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring provides more satisfactory outcomes in preserving nerve function in vestibular schwannoma surgery. Early recognition of the REZ may contribute to improved surgical outcomes."
1309,brain tumour,39402027,Pre-operative stereotactic radiosurgery and peri-operative dexamethasone for resectable brain metastases: a two-arm pilot study evaluating clinical outcomes and immunological correlates.,"Enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy in brain metastases (BrM) requires an improved understanding of the immune composition of BrM and how this is affected by radiation and dexamethasone. Our two-arm pilot study (NCT04895592) allocated 26 patients with BrM to either low (Arm A) or high (Arm B) dose peri-operative dexamethasone followed by pre-operative stereotactic radiosurgery (pSRS) and resection (n= 13 per arm). The primary endpoint, a safety analysis at 4 months, was met. The secondary clinical endpoints of overall survival, distant brain failure, leptomeningeal disease and local recurrence at 12-months were 66%, 37.3%, 6%, and 0% respectively and were not significantly different between arms (p= 0.7739, p= 0.3884, p= 0.3469). Immunological data from two large retrospective BrM datasets and confirmed by correlates from both arms of this pSRS prospective trial revealed that BrM CD8 T cells were composed of predominantly PD1+ TCF1+ stem-like and PD1+ TCF1-TIM3+ effector-like cells. Clustering of TCF1+ CD8 T cells with antigen presenting cells in immune niches was prognostic for local control, even without pSRS. Following pSRS, CD8 T cell and immune niche density were transiently reduced compared to untreated BrM, followed by a rebound 6+ days post pSRS with an increased frequency of TCF1- effector-like cells. In sum, pSRS is safe and therapeutically beneficial, and these data provide a framework for how pSRS may be leveraged to maximize intracranial CD8 T cell responses."
1310,brain tumour,39401767,Role of Circular RNA MMP9 in Glioblastoma Progression: From Interaction With hnRNPC and hnRNPA1 to Affecting the Expression of BIRC5 by Sequestering miR-149.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) presents a significant challenge in neuro-oncology due to its aggressive behavior and self-renewal capacity. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a subset of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) generated through mRNA back-splicing, are gaining attention as potential targets for GBM research. In our study, we sought to explore the functional role of circMMP9 (circular form of matrix metalloproteinase-9) as a promising therapeutic target for GBM through bioinformatic predictions and human data analysis. Our results suggest that circMMP9 functions as a sponge for miR-149 and miR-542, both upregulated in GBM based on microarray data. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that reduced levels of miR-149 and miR-542 correlate with worse survival outcomes in GBM, suggesting their role as tumor suppressors. Importantly, miR-149 has been demonstrated to inhibit the expression of BIRC5 (baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 or survivin), a significant promoter of proliferation in GBM. BIRC5 is not only upregulated in GBM but also in various other cancers, including neuroblastoma and other brain cancers. Our protein-protein interaction analysis highlights the significance of BIRC5 as a central hub gene in GBM. CircMMP9 seems to influence this complex relationship by suppressing miR-149 and miR-542, despite their increased expression in GBM. Additionally, we found that circMMP9 directly interacts with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C and A1 (hnRNPC and A1), although not within their protein-binding domains. This suggests that hnRNPC/A1 may play a role in transporting circMMP9. Moreover, RNA-seq data from GBM patient samples confirmed the increased expression of BIRC5, PIK3CB, and hnRNPC/A1, further emphasizing the potential therapeutic significance of circMMP9 in GBM. In this study, we propose for the first time a new epigenetic regulatory role for circMMP9, highlighting a novel aspect of its oncogenic function. circMMP9 may regulate BIRC5 expression in GBM by sponging miR-149 and miR-542. BIRC5, in turn, suppresses apoptosis and enhances proliferation in GBM. Nonetheless, more extensive studies are advised to delve deeper into the roles of circMMP9, especially in the context of glioma."
1311,brain tumour,39401555,Social isolation promotes tumor immune evasion via β2-adrenergic receptor.,"Social isolation is a recognized risk factor for tumor initiation and mortality, but the role and mechanisms responsible for social isolation on tumor progression are poorly understood. In this study, we found that social isolation contributed to accelerated tumor growth and induced a remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment, resulting in immunosuppression. Mechanistically, social isolation triggered the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, leading to impaired CD8"
1312,brain tumour,26389373,Childhood Ependymoma Treatment (PDQ®): Health Professional Version,"This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the treatment of childhood ependymoma. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians in the care of their patients. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions. This summary is reviewed regularly and updated as necessary by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board, which is editorially independent of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or the National Institutes of Health (NIH)."
1313,brain tumour,39401258,The benefit of long-term methylphenidate in childhood brain injury survivorship: A review.,"Survivors of childhood Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) often report chronic and debilitating neurocognitive late effects. While short-term clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of methylphenidate in improving neurocognitive performance within the early phases of recovery, its effectiveness over longer treatment periods remains largely unexplored. The present systematic review aims to evaluate whether methylphenidate may serve as a beneficial long-term rehabilitative strategy for improving neuropsychological outcomes in childhood ABI. Database searches were conducted in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from their inception to March 2023. Studies containing a neurocognitive, psychosocial, or quality of life outcome measure were included. A purpose-developed evaluation tool was used to assess the quality of the evidence base. Six of the 1926 identified articles were included within this review. Results drew upon three clinical populations; brain tumor ("
1314,brain tumour,39401143,Long-range alternative splicing contributes to neoantigen specificity in glioblastoma.,"Recent advances in neoantigen research have accelerated the development of immunotherapies for cancers, such as glioblastoma (GBM). Neoantigens resulting from genomic mutations and dysregulated alternative splicing have been studied in GBM. However, these studies have primarily focused on annotated alternatively-spliced transcripts, leaving non-annotated transcripts largely unexplored. Circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs), abnormally regulated in tumors, are correlated with the presence of non-annotated linear transcripts with exon skipping events. But the extent to which these linear transcripts truly exist and their functions in cancer immunotherapies remain unknown. Here, we found the ubiquitous co-occurrence of circRNA biogenesis and alternative splicing across various tumor types, resulting in large amounts of long-range alternatively-spliced transcripts (LRs). By comparing tumor and healthy tissues, we identified tumor-specific LRs more abundant in GBM than in normal tissues and other tumor types. This may be attributable to the upregulation of the protein quaking in GBM, which is reported to promote circRNA biogenesis. In total, we identified 1057 specific and recurrent LRs in GBM. Through in silico translation prediction and MS-based immunopeptidome analysis, 16 major histocompatibility complex class I-associated peptides were identified as potential immunotherapy targets in GBM. This study revealed long-range alternatively-spliced transcripts specifically upregulated in GBM may serve as recurrent, immunogenic tumor-specific antigens."
1315,brain tumour,39401002,Recent advances in Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy for glioblastoma.,"Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy is a locoregional, anticancer treatment consisting of a noninvasive, portable device that delivers alternating electric fields to tumors through arrays placed on the skin. Based on efficacy and safety data from global pivotal (randomized phase III) clinical studies, TTFields therapy (Optune Gio) is US Food and Drug Administration-approved for newly diagnosed (nd) and recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) and Conformité Européenne-marked for grade 4 glioma. Here we review data on the multimodal TTFields mechanism of action that includes disruption of cancer cell mitosis, inhibition of DNA replication and damage response, interference with cell motility, and enhancement of systemic antitumor immunity (adaptive immunity). We describe new data showing that TTFields therapy has efficacy in a broad range of patients, with a tolerable safety profile extending to high-risk subpopulations. New analyses of clinical study data also confirmed that overall and progression-free survival positively correlated with increased usage of the device and dose of TTFields at the tumor site. Additionally, pilot/early phase clinical studies evaluating TTFields therapy in ndGBM concomitant with immunotherapy as well as radiotherapy have shown promise, and new pivotal studies will explore TTFields therapy in these settings. Finally, we review recent and ongoing studies in patients in pediatric care, other central nervous system tumors and brain metastases, as well as other advanced-stage solid tumors (ie, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, gastric, and hepatic cancers), that highlight the broad potential of TTFields therapy as an adjuvant treatment in oncology."
1316,brain tumour,39400873,Advances in brain tumor therapy: from molecular diagnostics to novel treatments.,No abstract found
1317,brain tumour,39400836,Analysis of Connexin 43 and Spermine Co-localisation in Glioblastomas.,"Gap junctions are channels between adjacent cells, contributing to the unhindered exchange of metabolites, second messengers, nucleotides, and other molecules. The functional status of gap junctions in brain tumours is underinvestigated. One avenue of research focuses on exploring the expression of polyamines and their co-localisation with the Connexin 43 (Cx43) in the growth zones of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The aim of this work was to analyse the expression of Cx43 and spermine in human GBM to reveal their roles in neuro-oncogenesis. Human GBM sample sections were used for the immunochemistry [glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Cx43, and spermine], confocal laser scanning microscopy, and electron immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescent analysis revealed that the more extensive processes of GBM cells exhibit GFAP. All GBM samples (n = 10) exhibited positive Cx43 signals in the form of variously sized dots and lines. Cx43 formed dotted lines around cell bodies with segmented transformed nuclei, which were also present in the gliovascular complexes. Furthermore, spermine was overexpressed in all tumour samples (cytoplasm and large and thin tumour processes), including the areas of Cx43 localisation. Merging the Cx43 and spermine signals showed co-expression in the same regions: the membranes of individual cells and individual points on processes in the tumour tissue. Therefore, we established the staining of the co-localisation of Cx43 and the polyamine spermine within glioblastoma, revealing that tumour processes housing the polyamine indeed form gap junctions, suggesting their potential joint interaction. This finding indicates that glioma cells can integrate into the surrounding neural networks, potentially serving as a mechanism to release glycolysis products, relying on gap junction activity facilitated by spermine. Cx43 exhibits sensitivity to polyamines, which play a role in opening gap junctional channels. Furthermore, polyamines have been observed to eliminate the blockades caused by hydrogen ions and calcium, which is crucial for cellular physiology."
1318,brain tumour,39400717,Long-term quality of survival after pediatric low-grade glioma.,"Low-grade glioma is the most common brain tumor in children with different modes of treatment and a high overall survival. Low-grade glioma is considered a chronic disease, since residual tumor is present in many children. The tumor and its treatment lead to acquired brain injury with diverse consequences for later life based on factors like the diverse tumor locations, treatment(s) applied, neurofibromatosis type 1, and age at diagnosis."
1319,brain tumour,39400662,Brain volume loss after cranial irradiation: a controlled comparison study between photon vs proton radiotherapy for WHO grade 2-3 gliomas.,"Radiation therapy (RT) is an integral treatment component in patients with glioma but associated with neurotoxicity. Proton RT (PRT), as compared with photon RT (XRT), reduces excess radiation to nontarget tissue. We used a retrospective method to evaluate brain imaging metrics of neurotoxicity after treatment with PRT and XRT for glioma."
1320,brain tumour,39400495,"Novel Tricyclo[4.2.1]Nonane and Bicyclo[2.2.1]Heptane Derivatives: Synthesis, in Vitro Biological Activities and in Silico Studies.","The target benzothiazole derivatives (8a-g) were synthesized starting from norbornene. The addition of dichloroketene to norbornene followed by the reduction of chlorine atoms were synthesized tricyclo[4.2.1.02,5]non-7-en-3-one (4). The condensation of benzaldehyde derivatives with compound 4 were obtained chalcone analogs (6a-g). Finally, benzothiazole derivatives (8a-g) were obtained by the reaction of the chalcone analogs with 2-aminobenzothiol in an acidic medium. The antiproliferative activities of compounds 6a-g and 8a-g were determined against C6 (rat brain tumor) and HeLa (human cervical carcinoma) cell lines using a BrdU cell proliferation ELISA assay with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as a standard. In both series, when compared with 5-FU (IC"
1321,brain tumour,39400152,Nanoparticle Delivery of an Oligonucleotide Payload in a Glioblastoma Multiforme Animal Model.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of primary brain malignancy for which there is no cure. The blood-brain barrier is a significant hurdle in the delivery of therapies to GBM. Reported here is an image-guided, iron oxide-based therapeutic delivery nano platform capable of bypassing this physiological barrier by virtue of size and accumulating in the tumor region, delivering its payload. This 25 nm nano platform consists of crosslinked dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles labeled with Cy5.5 fluorescent dye and containing antisense oligonucleotide as a payload. The magnetic iron oxide core enables tracking of the nanoparticles through in vivo magnetic resonance imaging, while Cy5.5 dye allows tracking by optical imaging. This report details the monitoring of the accumulation of this nanoparticle platform (termed MN-anti-miR10b) in orthotopically implanted glioblastoma tumors following intravenous injection. In addition, it provides insight into the in vivo delivery of RNA oligonucleotides, a problem that has hampered the translation of RNA therapeutics into the clinic."
1322,brain tumour,39400127,Spatial Multiomics Reveals Intratumoral Immune Heterogeneity with Distinct Cytokine Networks in Lung Cancer Brain Metastases.,"The tumor microenvironment of brain metastases has become a focus in the development of immunotherapeutic drugs. However, countless patients with brain metastasis have not experienced clinical benefit. Thus, understanding the immune cell composition within brain metastases and how immune cells interact with each other and other microenvironmental cell types may be critical for optimizing immunotherapy. We applied spatial whole-transcriptomic profiling with extensive multiregional sampling (19-30 regions per sample) and multiplex IHC on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung cancer brain metastasis samples. We performed deconvolution of gene expression data to infer the abundances of immune cell populations and inferred spatial relationships from the multiplex IHC data. We also described cytokine networks between immune and tumor cells and used a protein language model to predict drug-target interactions. Finally, we performed deconvolution of bulk RNA data to assess the prognostic significance of immune-metastatic tumor cellular networks. We show that immune cell infiltration has a negative prognostic role in lung cancer brain metastases. Our in-depth multiomics analyses further reveal recurring intratumoral immune heterogeneity and the segregation of myeloid and lymphoid cells into distinct compartments that may be influenced by distinct cytokine networks. By using computational modeling, we identify drugs that may target genes expressed in both tumor core and regions bordering immune infiltrates. Finally, we illustrate the potential negative prognostic role of our immune-metastatic tumor cell networks. Our findings advocate for a paradigm shift from focusing on individual genes or cell types toward targeting networks of immune and tumor cells."
1323,brain tumour,39400094,Assessment of histogram analysis in distinguishing between low-grade and high-grade brainstem glioma.,"This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the value of histogram analysis on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map in distinguishing between low-grade and high-grade brainstem glioma (BSG). In this article, we used the two VOI (volume of interest) placements of the entire tumour method and the entire solid part method, thus aiming to compare the diagnostic value between these two performances."
1324,brain tumour,39400036,Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging in distinguishing pseudoprogression from glioma recurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-derived metrics mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in differentiating glioma recurrence from pseudoprogression.
1325,brain tumour,39399828,Fe-HCOF-PEG,The hypoxic tumor microenvironment and single mechanisms severely limit the photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficiency of covalent organic framework (COF) nanoparticles in cancer treatment.
1326,brain tumour,39399681,Modifying Post-Surgical Immunity: Controlled Release of TLR7/8 Agonist for Immune Mediated Clearance of Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain cancer with a dismal prognosis despite current therapeutic interventions. Tumor resection is standard-of-care for glioblastoma and has profound immunostimulatory effects. Resulting in a nadir in tumor burden, resection offers a unique opportunity to break local immune tolerance and mount an effective anti-tumor immune response. Here, we explore the effect of local and controlled release of TLR7/8 agonist from a polymer scaffold implanted at the time of tumor resection. We find that sustained release of TLR7/8 agonist leads to clearance of residual post-resection tumor, improved survival, and subsequent protection from tumor challenge in mice bearing orthotopic GL261 or CT2A gliomas. We show that scaffold therapy boosts resection-mediated disruption to the tumor microenvironment, leading to an early inflammatory innate immune response both in the brain and cervical lymph node. This is followed by an influx of activated NK cells in the brain and effector T cells in the lymph node and brain. In sum, sustained local TLR7/8 agonism within the context of tumor resection is a promising approach for glioblastoma."
1327,brain tumour,39399646,Penfluridol inhibits melanoma growth and metastasis through enhancing von Hippel‒Lindau tumor suppressor-mediated cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) degradation.,"Melanoma's high metastatic potential, especially to the brain, poses significant challenges to patient survival. The blood‒brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle to the effective treatment of melanoma brain metastases. We screened antipsychotic drugs capable of crossing the BBB and identified penfluridol (PF) as the most active candidate. PF reduced melanoma cell viability and induced apoptosis. In animal models, PF effectively inhibited melanoma growth and metastasis to the lung and brain. Using immunoprecipitation combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry, and other techniques such as drug affinity responsive target stability, we identified CIP2A as a direct binding protein of PF. CIP2A is highly expressed in melanoma and its metastases, and is linked to poor prognosis. PF can restore Protein Phosphatase 2A activity by promoting CIP2A degradation, thereby inhibiting several key oncogenic pathways, including AKT and c-Myc. Additionally, von Hippel‒Lindau (VHL) is the endogenous E3 ligase for CIP2A, and PF enhances the interaction between VHL and CIP2A, promoting the ubiquitin‒proteasome degradation of CIP2A, thereby inhibiting melanoma growth and metastasis. Overall, this study not only suggests PF's potential in treating melanoma and its brain metastases but also highlights CIP2A degradation as a therapeutic strategy for melanoma."
1328,brain tumour,39399532,Unusual Presentation of Craniopharyngioma Pituitary Mass in a 71-Year-Old Female: A Case Report.,"In this report, we present the case of a 71-year-old African-American woman experiencing 2 months of intermittent headaches and episodes of blurred vision. Despite a comprehensive medical history that revealed chronic conditions and previous unrelated surgeries, the initial evaluation appeared to be unremarkable. Following the discovery of a mass on an imaging and a subsequent biopsy, the diagnosis of craniopharyngioma (WHO grade I) was confirmed. However, a brain mass was identified after additional ophthalmologic examination and MRI. This case explores the significance of recognizing atypical presentations of a brain injury that required a specific approach for diagnosis, surgical intervention and treatment, and postoperative care. This case contributes to the constantly evolving understanding of atypical manifestations of tumor characteristics and their complexities, along with the need to develop appropriate patient management strategies and provide optimal outcomes."
1329,brain tumour,39399167,The transformative potential of mRNA vaccines for glioblastoma and human cancer: technological advances and translation to clinical trials.,"Originally devised for cancer control, mRNA vaccines have risen to the forefront of medicine as effective instruments for control of infectious disease, notably their pivotal role in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. This review focuses on fundamental aspects of the development of mRNA vaccines, e.g., tumor antigens, vector design, and precise delivery methodologies, - highlighting key technological advances. The recent, promising success of personalized mRNA vaccines against pancreatic cancer and melanoma illustrates the potential value for other intractable, immunologically resistant, solid tumors, such as glioblastoma, as well as the potential for synergies with a combinatorial, immunotherapeutic approach. The impact and progress in human cancer, including pancreatic cancer, head and neck cancer, bladder cancer are reviewed, as are lessons learned from first-in-human CAR-T cell, DNA and dendritic cell vaccines targeting glioblastoma. Going forward, a roadmap is provided for the transformative potential of mRNA vaccines to advance cancer immunotherapy, with a particular focus on the opportunities and challenges of glioblastoma. The current landscape of glioblastoma immunotherapy and gene therapy is reviewed with an eye to combinatorial approaches harnessing RNA science. Preliminary preclinical and clinical data supports the concept that mRNA vaccines could be a viable, novel approach to prolong survival in patients with glioblastoma."
1330,brain tumour,39398936,Cerebral arterial air embolism after esophageal stenting for recurrence of gastroesophageal junction cancer: a case report.,"Cerebral arterial air embolism (CAE) is a rare complication after esophageal stenting, but it can be life-threatening. It is especially a concern for those with a history of previous gastrointestinal cancer therapies. We report a case of CAE after esophageal stenting in a patient with recurrent gastroesophageal junction cancer and a history of multiple cancer treatments. A 71 year-old man with a history of a proximal gastrectomy, resection of the lower esophagus, chemotherapy, and radiation presented to our hospital 2 weeks after stenting with epigastric and back pain. Mediastinitis was suspected and conservative treatment was begun. The patient suddenly developed altered mental status, left hemiplegia, and anisocoria after drinking water. A brain computed tomography (CT) revealed right-sided predominance of multifocal CAE. Chest and abdominal CT showed a hematoma in the gastric and duodenal wall and an intraluminal hematoma from the esophagus, around the stent, to the upper ileum. CAE was thought to be due to rupture of the recurrent tumor. Unfortunately, despite intensive care, the patient died about 5 h after the onset of neurological symptoms. It has been reported that prior treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, increase the risk of life-threatening adverse events, including CAE after esophageal stenting. Clinicians should keep in mind the possibility of CAE after esophageal stenting in patients with a history of multiple cancer treatments."
1331,brain tumour,39398916,General characteristics of orbital metastasis in breast cancer: a narrative review of case reports.,"Breast-cancer metastasis has seen an increased incidence in recent years, owing to advancements in surveillance, diagnostic imaging, histopathological assessment, and treatment modalities. Metastasis to various sites, including the bone, lung, liver, and brain, is common in cancer patients. Orbital metastasis (OM) from breast cancer can lead to a range of symptoms, such as pain, palpebral ptosis, diplopia, ocular pain, vision loss, and a recessed eyeball. To explore the topic of systemic malignancies metastasizing to the orbit, a search was conducted on the PubMed service using keywords such as ""orbit,"" ""orbital,"" ""cancer,"" ""malignancy,"" and ""metastasis."" This review article aims to summarize the findings from the identified literature. Overall, 103 patients with breast cancer from 77 articles were investigated. The patients' mean age ± standard deviation was 58.73 ± 11.86 years. Types of breast pathology observed in the evaluated patients included lobular (32.1%), ductal pathology (35.9%), and unspecified (32%). The most common symptom was vision change 37.9% and diplopia 26.2%. Despite the rarity of OM in breast cancer, it is crucial to consider this condition due to its potential to exacerbate the functional status of the neoplastic disease. The primary treatment approach for orbital metastasis involves radiation therapy, often combined with systemic chemotherapy, hormone therapy or targeted therapy. These interventions aim to minimize symptoms and control disease progression. It is encouraging that advancements in medication, along with timely diagnosis and treatment, have the potential to improve outcomes for patients with orbital metastasis. However, further research is necessary to comprehensively evaluate all aspects of breast cancer metastasis to rare organs. A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms and identification of potential therapeutic targets could enhance treatment strategies and ultimately improve patient prognosis."
1332,brain tumour,39398912,Fertility preservation in men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism secondary to germinoma: two cases of gonadotropin replacement therapy before induction of anticancer chemotherapy.,"Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism can be caused by brain tumors. For a malignancy such as a germ cell tumor, chemotherapy combined with radiation is administered. In patients who wish for children, the inability to undergo sperm cryopreservation before treatment because of impaired spermatogenesis and/or ejaculation dysfunction can be problematic. We herein present two cases involving a 26-year-old man and a 30-year-old man with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to an intracranial germinoma and both wished to have children. Gonadotropin replacement therapy prior to anticancer chemotherapy resulted in subsequent spontaneous pregnancy or assisted reproductive therapy. Subsequent treatment of the tumor resulted in no recurrence for 9 and 2 years, respectively. Close consultation with an oncologist is mandatory in such cases. Depending on the tumor prognosis, however, it may be possible to delay tumor treatment and prioritize fertility because there is a possibility of impaired spermatogenesis due to additional chemotherapy."
1333,brain tumour,39398911,Respiratory insufficiency after brain metastasectomy for extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma in an adult patient with mucopolysaccharidosis type II: a case report.,"Mucopolysaccharidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiencies in enzymes involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans. We report the case of an adult with mucopolysaccharidosis type II who developed respiratory insufficiency after brain metastasectomy for extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma. This report describes the case of a 35-year-old man with a mass on the left chest wall for 3 months. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography revealed a large mass on the chest wall. Positron emission tomography revealed multiple metastatic lesions in the lungs, ribs, and sternum. A needle biopsy specimen confirmed extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma, and the fusion gene "
1334,brain tumour,39398908,A rare case of synchronous bilateral ovarian cancer with combined clear cell and mucinous carcinomas and brain metastases.,"Although ovarian cancer is generally unilateral, a few cases of bilateral ovarian cancer have been reported, most of which originate from metastases of unilateral ovarian cancer. However, synchronous primary bilateral ovarian cancer (SBOC), comprising two different histological types of ovarian cancer, is extremely rare, with limited reports on its clinical course and prognosis. Herein, we report the case of a 56-year-old postmenopausal Japanese woman with stage IVB SBOC with combined left ovarian clear cell and right ovarian mucinous carcinomas. The patient underwent surgery and received postoperative taxane/platinum-based chemotherapy, which temporarily reduced the tumor size. However, an increase in tumor size and brain metastases were subsequently identified. Treatment was accordingly discontinued, and the patient died of the disease 12 months after diagnosis. In this case report, we detail the clinical course of a case of SBOC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of SBOC with combined histological types of clear cell and mucinous carcinomas, and it is also the first report of SBOC with the eventual discovery of brain metastases."
1335,brain tumour,39398808,Brain Metastatic Prostate Adenocarcinoma: Avoiding Mistaken Identities.,Brain metastatic carcinoma is a rare occurrence among prostate cancer metastases. 
1336,brain tumour,39398668,Two Cases of Remimazolam Anesthesia Managed With Pharmacokinetic Simulations in an Awake Craniotomy of Patients With Obesity.,"Anesthetic management for awake craniotomy (AC) often poses problems in patients with obesity including respiratory management. The Japan Awake Craniotomy Guidelines state that the indication for surgery should be carefully considered, especially in patients with obesity (body mass index (BMI) > 30). Patients with obesity often have comorbidities such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, and this is a risk factor for perioperative morbidity and mortality. Remimazolam, a new intravenous anesthetic, has been reported to be useful in anesthesia management during AC, but its use in obese patients has not been reported. Herein, we report two cases case series in which remimazolam was used in patients with obesity and safely managed under anesthesia with the pharmacokinetic simulations."
1337,brain tumour,39398642,"Extracellular vesicles for cancer therapy: potential, progress, and clinical challenges.","Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in normal life activities and disease treatment. In recent years, there have been abundant relevant studies focusing on EVs for cancer therapy and showing good performance on tumor inhibition. To enhance the effectiveness of EVs, EV analogs have been developed. This review summarizes the classification, origin, production, purification, modification, drug loading and cancer treatment applications of EVs and their analogs. Also, the characteristics of technologies involved are analyzed, which provides the basis for the development and application of biogenic vesicle-based drug delivery platform for cancer therapy. Meanwhile, challenges in translating these vesicles into clinic, such as limited sources, lack of production standards, and insufficient targeting and effectiveness are discussed. With ongoing exploration and clinical studies, EV-based drugs will make great contributions to cancer therapy."
1338,brain tumour,39398476,Trial watch: anticancer vaccination with dendritic cells.,"Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical players at the intersection of innate and adaptive immunity, making them ideal candidates for anticancer vaccine development. DC-based immunotherapies typically involve isolating patient-derived DCs, pulsing them with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) or tumor-specific antigens (TSAs), and utilizing maturation cocktails to ensure their effective activation. These matured DCs are then reinfused to elicit tumor-specific T-cell responses. While this approach has demonstrated the ability to generate potent immune responses, its clinical efficacy has been limited due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Recent efforts have focused on enhancing the immunogenicity of DC-based vaccines, particularly through combination therapies with T cell-targeting immunotherapies. This Trial Watch summarizes recent advances in DC-based cancer treatments, including the development of new preclinical and clinical strategies, and discusses the future potential of DC-based vaccines in the evolving landscape of immuno-oncology."
1339,brain tumour,39397911,Intracranial tumor in a patient with mucopolysaccharidosis type 1 (Scheie syndrome): An extremely rare combination.,"Scheie syndrome is a mild variant of mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I), a rare group of lysosomal storage diseases that affect multiple organ systems. It is rarely associated with neoplasia. To the best of our knowledge, only a single case of mucopolysaccharidosis associated with a brain tumor has been reported, and it was nearly three decades ago. We present the case of a 10-year-old female with Scheie syndrome associated with a brain tumor. Physical and laboratory findings were suggestive of Scheie syndrome. A skeletal survey also revealed a spectrum of dysostosis multiplex supporting MPS. Children with MPS can have rapidly enlarging head sizes due to hydrocephalus, but our patient had several red flags that demanded further evaluation. A brain MRI revealed a mass in the fourth ventricle and a biopsy of the mass revealed pilocytic astrocytoma grade 1. Intraventricular pilocytic astrocytoma itself is a rare occurrence, accounting for only 4%-15.6 % of all pilocytic astrocytomas. Altered mucopolysaccharide metabolism can be involved in tumor pathogenesis, but the exact mechanism is unknown. Mucopolysaccharidoses, being a group of complicated disorders, are difficult to manage, and many symptoms can be missed in children due to intellectual disability. This case highlights the importance of suspecting brain tumors in children with mucopolysaccharidoses who present with signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. Prompt diagnosis and management can save the child from dire neurological consequences."
1340,brain tumour,39397874,Hypertonic saline achieves superior brain relaxation in tumor craniotomy: An updated systematic-network meta-analysis.,Brain tumor craniotomy requires relaxation of the brain through decreasing the intracranial pressure (ICP). Osmo-hyperosmolar therapy can be used to lower the ICP.
1341,brain tumour,39397322,Reversal of Basal Ganglia Hypermetabolism Following Surgical Removal of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone-Producing Lung Carcinoid in a Patient of Cushing Syndrome With Unusual Presentation of Acute Psychosis: Proof of Concept.,"A 34-year-old woman who presented with severe psychosis and clinical features of Cushing syndrome underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT that revealed hypermetabolic lung lesion along with predominantly increased metabolism of bilateral basal ganglia, a scintigraphic correlate of acute psychosis. The lesion was surgically excised and histopathologically proven to be adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing lung carcinoid. Posttreatment 18 F-FDG PET scan showed restoration of normal brain metabolism with complete reversal of psychosis. Even though rare, one should be aware of psychosis as an initial presentation of Cushing syndrome and use of 18 F-FDG PET/CT for mapping brain metabolism as shown in this case."
1342,brain tumour,39397183,Investigate Effects of Music Therapy on Functional Connectivity in Papez Circuit of Breast Cancer Patients Using fMRI.,"The aim of this study is to investigate activity and functional connectivity (FC) of Papez circuit networks associated with music processing using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in depressed breast cancer patients. Twenty-three breast cancer patients listened to four different Iranian/Persian music paradigms during the resting-state fMRI scanning session: negative stimulation of traditional music, negative stimulation of pop music, positive stimulation of traditional music and positive stimulation of pop music. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) was used to evaluate the local characteristics of spontaneous brain activity. FC maps were created using multivariate ROI-to-ROI connectivity (mRRC) and Papez circuit-based regions of interest (ROIs) selection. We found that music increases FC within various brain networks which are involved in memory, emotion, and cognitive function, including the limbic system, the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and central executive network (CEN). Moreover, it seems that the traditional types (both positive and negative) of Iranian music may be more effective to affect brain activity in the patients with breast cancer, than the Iranian pop music. These findings demonstrate that music therapy, as an effective and easily applicable approach, supports the neuropsychological recovery and can contribute to standard treatment protocols in patients with breast cancer."
1343,brain tumour,39397179,"Comment on - ""Resection of brain lesions with a neuroendoscopic ultrasonic aspirator - a systematic literature review"".",No abstract found
1344,brain tumour,39397138,Effects of Boron on Learning and Behavioral Disorders in Rat Autism Model Induced by Intracerebroventricular Propionic Acid.,"Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which learning, communication, and social interaction are impaired. Research has sought to minimize the neural impairments associated with autism spectrum disorder and improve the quality of life. Recent studies suggest that boron may benefit nerve cells, with effects varying depending on the dosage. This study explored the impact of boron, administered as boric acid, on behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological parameters in a rat model of autism induced by propionic acid (PPA). Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, autism model, and boron-treated groups. Behavioral tests were conducted pre- and post-PPA induction, with brain tissue analyzed post-euthanasia. Proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6)) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were assessed in the hippocampus. Histopathological evaluations were conducted on the hippocampus and cerebellum. Autism model rats displayed impaired learning, elevated BDNF and cytokine levels, microglial and astrocytic activation, and decreased Purkinje cell count. The boron-treated groups showed improvements, particularly with the 4 mg/kg dose. This dose enhanced learning and social interaction, reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels, prevented microglial and astrocytic activation, and increased Purkinje cell count. Boron treatment exhibited neuroprotective potential, ameliorating autism spectrum disorder deficits by modulating cytokines, BDNF, microglia, and astrocytes, with low doses yielding pronounced effects."
1345,brain tumour,39396768,The role of Tim-3 blockade in the tumor immune microenvironment beyond T cells.,"Numerous preclinical studies have demonstrated the inhibitory function of T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) on T cells as an inhibitory receptor, leading to the clinical development of anti-Tim-3 blocking antibodies. However, recent studies have shown that Tim-3 is expressed not only on T cells but also on multiple cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME), including dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, and tumor cells. Therefore, Tim-3 blockade in the immune microenvironment not only affect the function of T cells but also influence the functions of other cells. For example, Tim-3 blockade can enhance the ability of DCs to regulate innate and adaptive immunity. The role of Tim-3 blockade in NK cells function is controversial, as it can enhance the antitumor function of NK cells under certain conditions while having the opposite effect in other situations. Additionally, Tim-3 blockade can promote the reversal of macrophage polarization from the M2 phenotype to the M1 phenotype. Furthermore, Tim-3 blockade can inhibit tumor development by suppressing the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. In summary, increasing evidence has shown that Tim-3 in other cell types also plays a critical role in the efficacy of anti-Tim-3 therapy. Understanding the function of anti-Tim-3 therapy in non-T cells can help elucidate the diverse responses observed in clinical patients, leading to better development of relevant therapeutic strategies. This review aims to discuss the role of Tim-3 in the TME and emphasize the impact of Tim-3 blockade in the tumor immune microenvironment beyond T cells."
1346,brain tumour,39396175,MELATONIN ENHANCES TEMOZOLOMIDE-INDUCED APOPTOSIS IN GLIOBLASTOMA AND NEUROBLASTOMA CELLS.,"The combination of temozolomide (TMZ) and paclitaxel (PTX) is the most commonly used chemotherapy regimen for glioblastoma, but there is no specific treatment for neuroblastoma due to the acquired multidrug resistance. Approximately half of treated glioblastoma patients develop resistance to TMZ and experience serious side effects. Melatonin (MEL), a multifunctional hormone long known for its antitumor effects, has a great advantage in combination cancer therapy thanks to its ability to affect tumors differently than normal cells."
1347,brain tumour,39396171,DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT EFFECTS OF STANDARD AND HYPOFRACTIONATED RADIATION REGIMENS IN GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS.,The identification of the subgroups with differential treatment effects (DTE) is important for decisionmaking in personalized treatment. The DTE analysis assists in identifying patients who are more likely to benefit from a particular treatment regimen. The aim of the study was to analyze DTE in terms of the survival of glioblastoma (GBM) patients in the groups of standard radiotherapy (SRT) and hypofractionated radiotherapy (HRT) by the multicluster modeling of homogenous groups while retaining the statistical characteristics of the overall primary study cohort.
1348,brain tumour,39396167,LONG-TERM NATURAL HISTORY OF GIANT NULL CELL PITUITARY ADENOMA.,"Pituitary adenomas that extend to the ventricular system are extremely rare. We present a 5-year natural history of a giant null cell pituitary adenoma with invasion into the cavernous sinus extending to the third ventricle. MRI series that were available could be useful for neurosurgeons, ophthalmologists, and endocrinologists as well as radiologists. Patients with the diagnosis of pituitary adenoma that are certain according to the radiological and clinical examination should be consulted by a neurosurgeon experienced in endoscopic endonasal surgery, a neuroendocrinologist, and an ophthalmologist. The surgery postponement in such cases results in disability and quality of life worsening. At that time, the surgery of giant pituitary adenomas demands high skills, and the risk of postoperative complications is high. The proper treatment modality including earlier surgery seems to be favorable for patient outcome."
1349,brain tumour,39395952,Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis associated with JAK2 V617F mutation-related pre-primary myelofibrosis: a case report and literature review.,Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare but potentially life-threatening subtype of stroke. Prompt and appropriate anticoagulation is crucial for improving the prognosis of CVST and preventing its recurrence. Identifying the underlying cause of CVST is decisive for guiding anticoagulant selection and determining treatment duration.
1350,brain tumour,39395706,Multi-functional nanosonosensitizer-engineered bacteria to overcome tumor hypoxia for enhanced sonodynamic therapy.,"Ultrasound-triggered sonodynamic therapy (SDT), with high safety and acceptance, has become a promising tumor treatment. However, the dense stroma, hypoxic microenvironment of tumor, and the unpredictable treatment timing limit the effectiveness of sonosensitizers and the antitumor therapeutic effect. Thus, it is crucial to develop an imaging-guided sensitization strategy for hypoxic tumor sonosensitization to improve the efficacy of SDT."
1351,brain tumour,39395673,Hybrid ultra-high and conventional dose rate treatments with electrons and photons for the clinical transfer of FLASH-RT to deep-seated targets: A treatment planning study.,This study explores the dosimetric feasibility and plan quality of hybrid ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) electron and conventional dose rate (CDR) photon (HUC) radiotherapy for treating deep-seated tumours with FLASH-RT.
1352,brain tumour,39395671,Transit-guided radiation therapy: a novel patient monitoring approach.,Transit-Guided Radiation Therapy (TGRT) is a novel technique that uses the transit portal images (TPIs) acquired with Electronic Portal Image Devices (EPID) to quantify patient position errors during the treatment. It has been validated using anthropomorphic phantoms but a validation in a clinical setting was lacking. A pilot clinical study is presented to confirm our previous results.
1353,brain tumour,39395421,Microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages drive progression of pediatric high-grade gliomas and are transcriptionally shaped by histone mutations.,"Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs), including hemispheric pHGGs and diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs), harbor mutually exclusive tumor location-specific histone mutations. Using immunocompetent de novo mouse models of pHGGs, we demonstrated that myeloid cells were the predominant infiltrating non-neoplastic cell population. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry illustrated the presence of heterogeneous myeloid cell populations shaped by histone mutations and tumor location. Disease-associated myeloid (DAM) cell phenotypes demonstrating immune permissive characteristics were identified in murine and human pHGG samples. H3.3K27M DMGs, the most aggressive DMG, demonstrated enrichment of DAMs. Genetic ablation of chemokines Ccl8 and Ccl12 resulted in a reduction of DAMs and an increase in lymphocyte infiltration, leading to increased survival of tumor-bearing mice. Pharmacologic inhibition of chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5 resulted in extended survival and decreased myeloid cell infiltration. This work establishes the tumor-promoting role of myeloid cells in DMG and the potential therapeutic opportunities for targeting them."
1354,brain tumour,39395381,Unveiling the impact of Cancer-IgG on glioma: Insights into biological behavior and macrophage polarization dynamics.,"Gliomas are the most common malignant brain tumor in the central nervous system. They are characterized by high invasiveness and heterogeneity. In recent years, cancer-derived immunoglobulin G (Cancer-IgG) has received significant attention from researchers. Cancer-IgG, identified from tumors, can promote tumorigenesis and tumor progression. In this study, we explored the expression patterns of Cancer-IgG using available datasets and validated these patterns in our patient samples. Several loss-of-function and gain-of function assays were performed to investigate the roles of Cancer-IgG. Potential mechanisms underlying these roles were investigated using co-immunoprecipitation and RNA sequencing. Our result demonstrated that Cancer-IgG is expressed in gliomas. Furthermore, the expression of Cancer-IgG is associated with a poor prognosis and malignant molecular characterization. Functional assays confirmed that Cancer-IgG can promote glioma cells proliferation, migration, invasion, and resistant to apoptosis. The cGMP/PKG/VASP pathway is potentially involved in the effects of Cancer-IgG. Evidence from co-culture assay suggest that Cancer-IgG can induce M2 polarization of macrophages. In conclusion, Cancer-IgG can be identified in glioma cells and promotes the development of a malignant biological phenotype in vivo and in vitro. In glioma microenvironment, Cancer-IgG can induce M2 polarization of macrophages."
1355,brain tumour,39395329,"Therapeutic effects of an ALK inhibitor, brigatinib, on lung large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with EML4-ALK fusion.","A 64-year-old light-smoking woman was clinically diagnosed with lung large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) with a metastatic brain tumor. An Oncomine Dx Targeted Test using metastatic brain tissue revealed that the patient's lung cancer cells had an EML4-ALK rearrangement. Patients with LCNEC and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements are rare, and there is currently no standard treatment. Based on the genomic analysis, we treated the patient with brigatinib, an ALK inhibitor. We describe here a patient with LCNEC who responded significantly to brigatinib without serious adverse events."
1356,brain tumour,39395298,Recent update on anti-tumor mechanisms of valproic acid in glioblastoma multiforme.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant tumor of the brain that is considered to be incurable. Currently, surgical removal of tumors, chemotherapy with temozolomide, and radiation treatment remain established options for treatment. Nevertheless, the prognosis of those with GBM continues to be poor owing to the inherent characteristics of tumor growth and spread, as well as the resistance to treatment. To effectively deal with the present circumstances, it is vital to do extensive study to understand GBM thoroughly. The following piece provides a concise overview of the most recent advancements in using valproic acid, an antiseizure medication licensed by the FDA, for treating GBM. In this review, we outline the most recent developments of valproic acid in treating GBM, as well as its fundamental mechanisms and practical consequences. Our goal is to provide a greater understanding of the clinical use of valproic acid as a potential therapeutic agent for GBM."
1357,brain tumour,39395280,Clinicopathological and radiological characteristics of false-positive and false-negative results in T2-FLAIR mismatch sign of IDH-mutated gliomas.,To explore the clinicopathological and radiological characteristics associated with false-positive and false-negative results in the identification of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in gliomas using the T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch sign.
1358,brain tumour,39387639,Assessing tumor microstructure with time-dependent diffusion imaging: Considerations and feasibility on clinical MRI and MRI-Linac.,"Quantitative imaging biomarkers (QIBs) can characterize tumor heterogeneity and provide information for biological guidance in radiotherapy (RT). Time-dependent diffusion MRI (TDD-MRI) derived parameters are promising QIBs, as they describe tissue microstructure with more specificity than traditional diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI). Specifically, TDD-MRI can provide information about both restricted diffusion and diffusional exchange, which are the two time-dependent effects affecting diffusion in tissue, and relevant in tumors. However, exhaustive modeling of both effects can require long acquisitions and complex model fitting. Furthermore, several introduced TDD-MRI measurements can require high gradient strengths and/or complex gradient waveforms that are possibly not available in RT settings."
1359,brain tumour,39387560,An integrative analysis based on multiple cell death patterns identifies an immunosuppressive subtype and establishes a prognostic signature in lower-grade glioma.,"Cell death modulates the biological behaviors of tumors. However, the comprehensive role of the multiple forms of cell death in lower-grade glioma (LGG) is unknown."
1360,brain tumour,39387520,Region-Based Analyses of Existing Genome-Wide Association Studies Identifies Novel Potential Genetic Susceptibility Regions for Glioma.,Further investigation of the potential susceptibility regions identified in our study may lead to a better understanding of glioma genetic risk and the underlying biological etiology of glioma. Our study suggests sex may play a role in genetic susceptibility and highlights the importance of sex-specific analysis in future glioma research.
1361,brain tumour,39387496,Necroptosis-based glioblastoma prognostic subtypes: implications for TME remodeling and therapy response.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor with a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Necroptosis, a pathological hallmark of GBM, is poorly understood in terms of its role in prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME) alteration, and immunotherapy."
1362,brain tumour,39387386,"Updated EANO guideline on rational molecular testing of gliomas, glioneuronal, and neuronal tumors in adults for targeted therapy selection - Update 1.","The standard of care for adult patients with gliomas, glioneuronal and neuronal tumors consists of combinations of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. For many systemic cancers, targeted treatments are a major part of the standard treatment, however, the predictive significance of most of the targets for treatment in systemic cancer are less well established in central nervous system (CNS) tumors . In 2023 the EANO Guideline Committee presented evidence based recommendations for rational testing of molecular targets for targeted treatments. From all targets reviewed, only testing for BRAF V600E mutations was of proven clinical benefit; despite regulatory approvals for tumor agnostic treatment of NTRK gene fusions and high Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) for patients with adult brain tumors, the evidence of clinical benefit for patients was still limited . This guideline has a modular structure, allowing regular updating of individual sections and adding new ones. The present version (Update 1) presents a review of the rationale of testing for PTEN, H3F3A, MTAP, RET and IDH, and presents an update of the text on TMB high and mismatch repair deficiency. It also presents an overview of therapeutic yield of routine next generation sequencing for mutations and fusion detection. The supplement accompanying this version contains the in depth review of all targets, whereas in the main manuscript the final recommendations of the revised and new targets are presented. Updates will be made on a regular basis."
1363,brain tumour,39395151,Radiation therapy communication: Retreatment of multiple histologically confirmed oligodendroglioma drop metastasis with stereotactic radiotherapy in a dog.,"A 10-year-old female spayed boxer was treated with stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for a suspected glioma in the left piriform lobe. The intra-axial lesion was T2 hyperintense, T2 FLAIR hyperintense, T1 hypointense, and did not uptake contrast. Imaging was performed with an MRI every 3 months, and at the 6-month recheck, new lesions in the left hippocampus and right piriform lobe were evident without clinically apparent neurological progression. A second course of SRT was prescribed for the new lesions. Euthanasia was elected 14 months after the first course of SRT, and necropsy confirmed oligodendroglioma with drop metastasis."
1364,brain tumour,39394920,Targeted delivery of napabucasin with radiotherapy improves outcomes in diffuse midline glioma.,"Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in children. All previous studies examining the role of systemic agents have failed to demonstrate a survival benefit; the only standard of care is radiation therapy (RT). Successful implementation of radiosensitization strategies in DMG remains an essential and promising avenue of investigation. We explore the use of Napabucasin, an NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1)-bioactivatable reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducer, as a potential therapeutic radiosensitizer in DMG."
1365,brain tumour,39394896,Predictors of Abnormal MRI Findings in Patients with Asymmetrical Sensorineural Hearing Loss.,This study aimed to determine the predictive factors of abnormal MRI findings in patients with asymmetrical sensorineural hearing loss (ASNHL).
1366,brain tumour,39394548,EBNA1BP2 identified as potential prognostic biomarker for multiple tumor types in pan-cancer analysis.,"Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been closely linked to the development of various types of cancer. EB nuclear antigen 1 binding protein 2 (EBNA1BP2) is a crucial molecule for stable isolation of EBV in latent infection. However, the role of EBNA1BP2 in multiple tumor types is remains unclear. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the functional characteristics of EBNA1BP2 and investigate its potential as a prognostic biomarker in pan-cancer."
1367,brain tumour,39394531,"""Navigating the complexities of low-Grade glioma treatment: insights into SBT I-125 and novel assessment tools"".","Central nervous system tumors, classified by the WHO into four grades based on their aggressiveness, present significant challenges in treatment, particularly low-grade gliomas (LGGs) which, despite their slower growth, can progress to high-grade gliomas. Lucca B. Palavani and colleagues evaluated the efficacy and safety of SBT I-125 brachytherapy for LGMs in a systematic review and meta-analysis of 20 studies involving 988 patients. The analysis revealed an overall complication rate of 10%, with headaches and cyst formation being the most frequent issues. The five-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 66%, while the ten-year PFS rate was 30%, and the rate of malignant transformation was 26%. The mortality rate was 33%. Despite these findings, significant limitations were noted, including data insufficiencies, study heterogeneity, lack of randomized controlled trials, and potential publication bias. Inconsistencies in follow-up durations further hindered the evaluation of long-term efficacy and safety. Recent advancements in automated tumor assessment, such as Cheng et al.'s deep learning-based pipeline, are revolutionizing glioma management by enhancing the accuracy and consistency of tumor volume and RANO measurements. These innovations facilitate improved glioma grading, genetic mutation prediction, surgical planning, real-time intraoperative guidance, and histopathological analysis. Integrating such advanced tools into clinical practice can significantly enhance the precision and efficiency of glioma management. In conclusion, while SBT I-125 brachytherapy shows promise, concerns regarding safety and efficacy underscore the need for further research with standardized methodologies. Incorporating advanced automated assessment tools could improve treatment evaluation and patient outcomes."
1368,brain tumour,39394333,"Letter to editor ""T2-FLAIR mismatch sign, an imaging biomarker for CDKN2A-intact in non-enhancing astrocytoma, IDH-mutant"".",No abstract found
1369,brain tumour,39394177,Metabolic remodeling in glioblastoma: a longitudinal multi-omics study.,"Monitoring tumor evolution and predicting survival using non-invasive liquid biopsy is an unmet need for glioblastoma patients. The era of proteomics and metabolomics blood analyzes, may help in this context. A case-control study was conducted. Patients were included in the GLIOPLAK trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02617745), a prospective bicentric study conducted between November 2015 and December 2022. Patients underwent biopsy alone and received radiotherapy and temozolomide. Blood samples were collected at three different time points: before and after concomitant radiochemotherapy, and at the time of tumor progression. Plasma samples from patients and controls were analyzed using metabolomics and proteomics, generating 371 omics features. Descriptive, differential, and predictive analyses were performed to assess the relationship between plasma omics feature levels and patient outcome. Diagnostic performance and longitudinal variations were also analyzed. The study included 67 subjects (34 patients and 33 controls). A significant differential expression of metabolites and proteins between patients and controls was observed. Predictive models using omics features showed high accuracy in distinguishing patients from controls. Longitudinal analysis revealed temporal variations in a few omics features including CD22, CXCL13, EGF, IL6, GZMH, KLK4, and TNFRSP6B. Survival analysis identified 77 omics features significantly associated with OS, with ERBB2 and ITGAV consistently linked to OS at all timepoints. Pathway analysis revealed dynamic oncogenic pathways involved in glioblastoma progression. This study provides insights into the potential of plasma omics features as biomarkers for glioblastoma diagnosis, progression and overall survival. Clinical implication should now be explored in dedicated prospective trials."
1370,brain tumour,39394087,Blood-Brain Barrier-Penetrative Fluorescent Anticancer Agents Triggering Paraptosis and Ferroptosis for Glioblastoma Therapy.,"Currently used drugs for glioblastoma (GBM) treatments are ineffective, primarily due to the significant challenges posed by strong drug resistance, poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and the lack of tumor specificity. Here, we report two cationic fluorescent anticancer agents (TriPEX-ClO"
1371,brain tumour,39394080,Pediatric pleuropulmonary blastoma: analysis of four cases.,"Pleuropulmonary Blastoma (PPB) is an extremely uncommon, highly aggressive tumor that arises from either the lungs or pleura. According to Dehner, PPB was classified into three groups: type I (cystic), type II (mixed), and type III (solid). Type I tends to occur more commonly in infants and has a more favorable prognosis compared to types II and III. This tumor is very rare in pediatric age group; hence, there is no consensus on the optimal treatment regimen for it to date. Type I tumors, which resemble congenital lung cysts, can eventually progress to more aggressive type II and type III tumors. This article aims to increase general awareness of this pathology, clinical presentation, and differential diagnosis in order to identify this rare entity early in its course. By presenting 4 such cases, we highlight that PPB can be missed early in diagnosis and it is important to be alert when putting this rare tumor in differential diagnosis of cystic lung lesions."
1372,brain tumour,39393932,Novel Treatments for Brain Tumors.,"The blood-brain barrier and knowledge gaps in tumor biology remain significant obstacles to the development of effective treatments for brain tumors. The identification of shared molecular and genetic pathways that contribute to tumorigenesis in both dogs and people has been key to the discovery and translation of targeted pharmacologic and biologic therapies. Treatment approaches often utilize targeted or multifunctional antitumor agents, such as nanocarriers, molecularly targeted agents, immunotherapeutics, and oncolytic viruses in combination with alternative therapeutic delivery strategies. The article discusses about various treatments albeit none of the treatments discussed here are widely available or approved for clinical use."
1373,brain tumour,39393931,Intraoperative Ultrasound in Brain Surgery.,"This study describes the essential components and the technique of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS), including probe selection and techniques used to produce quality images. Case examples are given to illustrate the value and the accuracy of IOUS in intracranial surgery of companion animals. IOUS has proven an invaluable addition to intracranial surgery, especially in real-time localization of the mass, identifying borders between mass and normal cerebral tissue, and identifying vascular supply to the mass."
1374,brain tumour,39393930,Radiation Therapy for Brain Tumors in Dogs and Cats.,"External beam radiation therapy (RT) has become the standard of care for non-resectable or post-operative incompletely excised brain tumors in dogs and cats due to its relatively low side effect profile and increasing availability. This article reviews the indications for, expected outcomes of and possible toxicities associated with RT, follow-up care recommendations after RT, and publications about specific tumor types in dogs and cats with brain tumors."
1375,brain tumour,39393880,Flow cytometry detection and quantification of circulating leukocyte subpopulations in mice after brain irradiation.,"In the context of high-grade gliomas such as glioblastoma (GBM), the immune part of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is involved in tumor growth and tumor recurrence. It is mostly represented by high amount of macrophages and low amount of lymphocytes. GBM in itself as well as x-ray-based radiotherapy, a standard treatment for brain tumors, are also associated with systemic effects like lymphopenia that correlates with a poor prognosis. This contributes to the immune-suppressive nature of the TME and may explain the lack of the anti-tumor immune response. Radiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) is generally evaluated on CD4"
1376,brain tumour,39393469,The significance of dose heterogeneity on the anti-tumor response of minibeam radiation therapy.,"Proton Minibeam Radiation Therapy (pMBRT) is an unconventional radiation technique based on a strong modulation of the dose deposition. Due to its specific pattern, pMBRT involves several dosimetry (peak and valley doses, peak-to-valley dose ratio (PVDR)) and geometrical parameters (beam width, spacing) that can influence the biological response. This study aims at contributing to the efforts to deepen the comprehension of how the various parameters relate to central biological mechanisms, particularly anti-tumor immunity, and how these correlations affect treatment outcomes with the goal to fully unleash the potential of pMBRT. We also evaluated the effects of X-ray MBRT to further elucidate the influence of peak dose and dose heterogeneity."
1377,brain tumour,39393467,A model-based risk-minimizing proton treatment planning concept for brain injury prevention in low-grade glioma patients.,Late-occurring contrast-enhancing brain lesions (CEBLs) have been observed on MRI follow-up in low-grade glioma (LGG) patients post-proton therapy. Predictive risk-models for this endpoint identified a dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LET
1378,brain tumour,39393354,Long-term breast cancer response to CDK4/6 inhibition defined by TP53-mediated geroconversion.,"Inhibition of CDK4/6 kinases has led to improved outcomes in breast cancer. Nevertheless, only a minority of patients experience long-term disease control. Using a large, clinically annotated cohort of patients with metastatic hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer, we identify TP53 loss (27.6%) and MDM2 amplification (6.4%) to be associated with lack of long-term disease control. Human breast cancer models reveal that p53 loss does not alter CDK4/6 activity or G1 blockade but instead promotes drug-insensitive p130 phosphorylation by CDK2. The persistence of phospho-p130 prevents DREAM complex assembly, enabling cell-cycle re-entry and tumor progression. Inhibitors of CDK2 can overcome p53 loss, leading to geroconversion and manifestation of senescence phenotypes. Complete inhibition of both CDK4/6 and CDK2 kinases appears to be necessary to facilitate long-term response across genomically diverse HR+ breast cancers."
1379,brain tumour,39393273,Tumor-derived IL-6 promotes chordoma invasion by stimulating tumor-associated macrophages M2 polarization and TNFα secretion.,"Chordoma is a rare and aggressive bone tumor with high-recurrence and lack of effective treatment methods. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundant in tumor microenvironment (TME) and polarize toward M2 in chordoma. It has been observed that the high proportion of M2 cells is associated with chordoma rapid progression. However, the mechanism of TAMs polarization and promotion to tumor progression in chordoma is still unclear. The is an urgent need for further research."
1380,brain tumour,39393198,Upregulated DNMT3a coupling with inhibiting p62-dependent autophagy contributes to NNK tumorigenicity in human bronchial epithelial cells.,"NNK, formally known as 4-(methyl nitrosamine)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanoe, is a potent chemical carcinogen prevalent in cigarette smoke and is a key contributor to the development of human lung adenocarcinomas. On the other hand, autophagy plays a complex role in cancer development, acting as a ""double-edged sword"" whose impact varies depending on the cancer type and stage. Despite this, the relationship between autophagy and NNK-induced lung carcinogenesis remains largely unexplored. Our current study uncovers a marked reduction in p62 protein expression in both lung adenocarcinomas and lung tissues of mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Interestingly, this reduction appears to be contingent upon the activity of extrahepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP450), revealing that NNK metabolic activation by CYP450 enzyme escalates its potential to induce p62 downregulation. Further mechanistic investigations reveal that NNK suppresses autophagy by accelerating the degradation of p62 mRNA, thereby promoting the malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells. This degradation process is facilitated by the hypermethylation of the Human antigen R (HuR) promoter, resulting in the transcriptional repression of HuR - a key regulator responsible for stabilizing p62 mRNA through direct binding. This hypermethylation is triggered by the activation of ribosomal protein S6, which is influenced by NNK exposure and subsequently amplifies the translation of DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3a). These findings provide crucial insights into the nature of p62 in both the development and potential treatment of tobacco-related lung cancer."
1381,brain tumour,39393070,Targeted Microglial Membrane-Coated MicroRNA Nanosponge Mediates Inhibition of Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent primary brain tumor. Recent research emphasizes the crucial role of microRNAs (miRs) in GBM pathogenesis, and targeting miRs offers an effective approach for precise GBM therapy. However, inhibiting a single miR may not be sufficient due to the compensatory mechanisms of GBM. Herein, we developed a miR-nanosponge capable of specifically capturing multiple miRs involved in tumor growth, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and the creation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby offering a comprehensive treatment for GBM. Coated with BV2 cell membrane (BM) for enhanced blood-brain barrier (BBB) crossing and GBM targeting, the BM@miR-nanosponge targets miR-9, miR-21, miR-215, and miR-221, significantly inhibiting GBM progression and modulating the immune system for a thorough GBM eradication. The BM@miR-nanosponge notably extended the median survival time of GBM-bearing mice and outperformed the standard treatment drug temozolomide (TMZ). This study introduces a comprehensive miR-based strategy for GBM treatment and highlights the importance of targeting multiple miRs associated with tumor survival for effective therapy."
1382,brain tumour,39392921,Synergistic combination of perphenazine and temozolomide suppresses patient-derived glioblastoma tumorspheres.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), a primary malignant brain tumor, has a poor prognosis, even with standard treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In this study, we explored the anticancer effects of the synergistic combination of perphenazine (PER), a dopamine receptor D2/3 (DRD2/3) antagonist, and temozolomide (TMZ), a standard treatment for GBM, in patient-derived human GBM tumorspheres (TSs)."
1383,brain tumour,39392522,RBMS1 interference inhibits malignant progression of glioblastoma cells and promotes ferroptosis.,Glioblastoma (GBM) is a brain tumor characterized by the highest malignancy and the poorest prognoses. RNA binding motif single strand interacting protein 1 (RBMS1) has been implicated to be involved in various cancer progression. This study was conceived to explore the role and the mechanism of RBMS1 in GBM.
1384,brain tumour,39392513,Assessing chiasm perfusion and postoperative visual function with superior hypophyseal artery indocyanine green angiograms during endoscopic endonasal surgery.,"To date, there are no validated intraoperative tools to predict postoperative visual function following endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES). Assessment of post-surgical vision during surgery can help in postoperative planning and disposition and inform surgical decisions in real-time. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capability of intraoperative endoscopic indocyanine green (ICG) angiography to measure optic chiasm perfusion and determine its relationship with postoperative visual function."
1385,brain tumour,39392420,Grade-stratified meningioma risk among individuals who are Non-Hispanic black and interactions with male sex.,"Meningioma risk factors include older age, female sex, and African-American race. Limited data explore how meningioma risk in African-Americans varies across the lifespan, interacts with sex, and differs by tumor grade."
1386,brain tumour,39392208,The role of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the spatiotemporal vascularization of the human and mouse neocortex.,"Brain vasculature formation begins with vessel invasion from the perineural vascular plexus, which expands through vessel sprouting and growth. Recent studies have indicated the existence of oligodendrocyte-vascular crosstalk during development. However, the relationship between oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and the ordered spatiotemporal vascularization of the neocortex has not been elucidated. Our findings suggest that OPCs play a complex role in the vessel density of the embryonic and postnatal neocortex. Analyses of normal human and mouse embryonic cerebral cortex show that vascularization and OPC distribution are tightly controlled in a spatially and temporally restricted manner, exhibiting a positive correlation. Loss of OPCs at both embryonic and postnatal stages led to a reduction in vascular density, suggesting that OPC populations play a role in vascular density. Nonetheless, dynamic observation on cultured brain slices and staining of tissue sections indicate that OPC migration is unassociated with the proximity to blood vessels, primarily occurring along radial glial cell processes. Additionally, in vitro experiments demonstrate that OPC secretions promote vascular endothelial cell (VEC) growth. Together, these observations suggest that vessel density is influenced by OPC secretions."
1387,brain tumour,39392201,One-Pot Synthesis of Fe-Norepinephrine Nanoparticles for Synergetic Thermal-Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy.,Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an innovative and burgeoning strategy that utilizes Fenton-Fenton-like chemistry and specific microenvironments to produce highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (
1388,brain tumour,39391957,The roles of glioma-associated macrophages/microglia and potential targets for anti-glioma therapy.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the central nervous system tumor with the most aggressive behavior, and no definitive therapy has yet been found. The tumor microenvironment of GBM is immunosuppressive and is considered a 'cold tumor' with low lymphocytic infiltration, but is characterized by a high proportion of glioma-associated macrophages/microglia (GAMs). GAMs promote tumor growth and also affect treatment resistance in GBM. In this review, we describe the origin and classification of GAMs in humans and describe the mechanisms of their activation and the cell-cell interactions between tumor cells and GAMs. We also describe the history of GAM detection methods, especially immunohistochemistry, and discusses the merits and limitations of these techniques. In addition, we summarized chemotactic factors for GAMs and the therapies targeting these factors. Recent single-cell RNA analysis and spatial analysis add new insights to our previous knowledge of GAMs. Based on these studies, GBM therapies targeting GAMs are expected to be further developed."
1389,brain tumour,39391956,Relationship between radiation dose and cerebral microbleed formation in dogs with intracranial tumors.,Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are a possible sequela in human brain tumor patients treated with radiation therapy (RT). No such association is reported in dogs.
1390,brain tumour,39391276,Estimation of Tissue Permeability in MRI Images by Empirical Mode Decomposition Method.,"The precise evaluation of tissue permeability using the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) method requires high-quality images. Due to noisy acquired dynamic MRI images, some methods of processing are required to obtain the imaging detail of interest."
1391,brain tumour,39390948,Pediatric Cranial Stereotactic Radiosurgery: Meta-Analysis and International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society Practice Guidelines.,There are limited data on the use of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for pediatric patients. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize indications and outcomes specific to pediatric cranial SRS to inform consensus guidelines on behalf of the International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society (ISRS).
1392,brain tumour,39390804,SOXC Enhances NGN2-Mediated Reprogramming of Glioblastoma Cells Into Neuron-Like Cells by Modulating RhoA and RAC1/CDC42 Pathway Activity.,"Glioblastoma represents the most frequently diagnosed malignant neoplasm within the central nervous system. Human glioblastoma cells can be phenotypically reprogrammed into neuron-like cells through the forced expression of NEUROG2 and SOXC factors. NEUROG2 serves as a pioneer factor, establishing an initial framework for this transformation. However, the specific role of SOXC factors has not been fully elucidated."
1393,brain tumour,39390590,A pathogenic mutation in the ALS/FTD gene VCP induces mitochondrial hypermetabolism by modulating the permeability transition pore.,Valosin-containing protein (VCP) is a ubiquitously expressed type II AAA
1394,brain tumour,39390584,Chaperone-mediated autophagy modulates Snail protein stability: implications for breast cancer metastasis.,"Breast cancer remains a significant health concern, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) being an aggressive subtype with poor prognosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important in early-stage tumor to invasive malignancy progression. Snail, a central EMT component, is tightly regulated and may be subjected to proteasomal degradation. We report a novel proteasomal independent pathway involving chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) in Snail degradation, mediated via its cytosolic interaction with HSC70 and lysosomal targeting, which prevented its accumulation in luminal-type breast cancer cells. Conversely, Snail predominantly localized to the nucleus, thus evading CMA-mediated degradation in TNBC cells. Starvation-induced CMA activation downregulated Snail in TNBC cells by promoting cytoplasmic translocation. Evasion of CMA-mediated Snail degradation induced EMT, and enhanced metastatic potential of luminal-type breast cancer cells. Our findings elucidate a previously unrecognized role of CMA in Snail regulation, highlight its significance in breast cancer, and provide a potential therapeutic target for clinical interventions."
1395,brain tumour,39390576,Relationship between radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation from cellular phones and brain tumor: meta-analyses using various proxies for RF-EMR exposure-outcome assessment.,"The authors conducted meta-analyses regarding the association between cellular and mobile phone use and brain tumor development by applying various radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) exposure subcategories. With changing patterns of mobile phone use and rapidly developing Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) technology (such as Bluetooth), this study will provide insight into the importance of more precise exposure subcategories for RF-EMR."
1396,brain tumour,39390467,Spatiotemporal modeling reveals high-resolution invasion states in glioblastoma.,"Diffuse invasion of glioblastoma cells through normal brain tissue is a key contributor to tumor aggressiveness, resistance to conventional therapies, and dismal prognosis in patients. A deeper understanding of how components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to overall tumor organization and to programs of invasion may reveal opportunities for improved therapeutic strategies."
1397,brain tumour,39390441,Development of graded prognostic assessment for breast Cancer brain metastasis incorporating extracranial metastatic features: a retrospective analysis of 284 patients.,"Breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) is associated with poor survival outcomes and reduced quality of life. The Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA) score model serves as a well-established tool for predicting the prognosis of BCBM. Notably, the presence of extracranial metastasis (ECM) is considered as a significant prognostic factor in the breast GPA model. This study aims to further refine other features of ECM to enhance the prognostic prediction for BCBM."
1398,brain tumour,39390437,Integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation on malignant progression and immune cell infiltration of LTBP2 in gliomas.,Gliomas are the highly aggressive brain tumor and also the most devastating human tumors. The latent TGF binding proteins (LTBP) had been found to be involved in malignant biological process and could be used as potent biomarkers in several solid tumors. While the role of LTBP family in human glioma remain to be elucidated.
1399,brain tumour,39390309,Novel Therapies for Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas.,"Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive form of lymphoma that can involve the brain, spinal cord, leptomeninges and eyes. PCNSL prognosis continues to be poor, with 5-year survival rates of 30-40%. Therapeutic options are especially limited for relapsed/refractory (r/r) PCNSL. In recent years, studies shed light on the pathogenesis and oncogenic pathways driving PCNSL, leading to the development of novel therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting these novel agents and present ongoing clinical studies."
1400,brain tumour,39390259,Combining ultrasound with sonosensitizers: The new frontline in glioma warfare.,No abstract found
1401,brain tumour,39390254,"Letter to the Editor: ""Route patterns of the collateral venous pathway ỉn patients with tumors invading the superior sagittal sinus: an angiographic study and clinical applications"".",No abstract found
1402,brain tumour,39390146,"Letter to editor ""Route patterns of the collateral venous pathway in patients with tumors invading the superior sagittal sinus: an angiographic study and clinical applications"".",No abstract found
1403,brain tumour,39390013,Integrative multi-omics analysis unveils the connection between transcriptomic characteristics associated with mitochondria and the tumor immune microenvironment in lower-grade gliomas.,"Lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) exhibit diverse clinical behaviors and varying immune infiltration levels. Mitochondria have been implicated in numerous cancer pathogenesis and development, including LGGs. However, the precise biological functions of mitochondrial genes in shaping the immune landscape and the prognostic significance of LGGs remain elusive. Utilizing the Mito-Carta3.0 database, we curated a total of 1136 genes implicated in mitochondrial functions. By leveraging the expression profiles of 1136 genes related to mitochondria, we successfully categorized LGGs into four distinctive mitochondria-related transcriptome (MRT) subtypes. Our thorough analysis conclusively demonstrated that these subtypes exhibited marked disparities. To enable a personalized and integrated evaluation of LGG patients, we developed a prognostic signature known as MRT-related prognostic signature (MTRS). MTRS demonstrated correlation with mitochondria-related transcriptome (MRT) subtypes, allowing the assessment of patients' prognosis and immune microenvironment. We conducted a detailed exploration of the single-cell distribution of MTRS in lower-grade gliomas and verified the core genes of MTRS within the spatial transcriptome of these tumors. Furthermore, our study pinpointed MGME1 as the pivotal gene in the model, functioning as an oncogene that exerts influence on cell proliferation and migration capabilities. Our research highlights the importance of mitochondrial transcriptomic features in LGGs, offering paths for tailored therapies."
1404,brain tumour,39389789,Comparison of Echo Planar and Turbo Spin Echo Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Intraoperative MRI.,"Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is routinely used in brain tumor surgery guided by intraoperative MRI (IoMRI). However, conventional echo planar imaging DWI (EPI-DWI) is susceptible to distortion and artifacts that affect image quality. Turbo spin echo DWI (TSE-DWI) is an alternative technique with minimal spatial distortions that has the potential to be the radiologically preferred sequence."
1405,brain tumour,39389766,Inhalation of Microplastics Induces Inflammatory Injuries in Multiple Murine Organs via the Toll-like Receptor Pathway.,"Previous studies have detected microplastics (MPs) in human biological samples, such as lungs, alveolar lavage fluid, and thrombus. However, whether MPs induce health effects after inhalation are unclear. In this study, fluorescent polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) were found in the thymus, spleen, testes, liver, kidneys, and brain on day 1 or day 3 after one intratracheal instillation. Furthermore, mice showed inflammation in multiple organs, manifested as obvious infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, increased Toll-like receptors (TLRs), myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), as well as proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β) in the lungs, thymus, spleen, liver, and kidneys after four intratracheal instillations of PS-MPs at once every 2 weeks. Hepatic and renal function indexes were also increased. Subsequently, the inflammatory response in multiple murine organs was significantly alleviated by TLR2 and TLR4 inhibitors. Unexpectedly, we did not find any elevated secretion of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 or TNF-α by RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro. Thus, PS-MPs induced inflammatory injuries in multiple murine organs via the TLRs/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in vivo, but not macrophages in vitro. These results may provide theoretical support for healthy protection against PS-MPs and their environmental risk assessment."
1406,brain tumour,39389359,UBE2Q1 as a novel cancer biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma: Short Title: Oncogenic function of UBE2Q1 in lung adenocarcinoma.,Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) participate in various tumor-promoting processes. UBE2Q1 is a member of the E2 family. This research aimed to detect the expression level of UBE2Q1 in human lung adenocarcinoma and to study its malignant biological function.
1407,brain tumour,39389336,The emerging role of miRNAs in pituitary adenomas: From molecular signatures to diagnostic potential.,"Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are an array of tumors originating from the pituitary gland. PAs are sorted as functional or nonfunctional according to their hormonal activity and classified according to size into microadenomas and macroadenomas. Still, the cellular events that trigger the transformations in pituitary neoplasms are not fully understood, and the current classification methods do not precisely predict clinical behavior. A rising number of researches have emphasized the role of miRNAs, that drawn more attention as oncogenic molecules or tumor suppressors. The etiopathological mechanisms of PAs include multiple molecular cascades that are influenced by different miRNAs. miRNAs control the cell cycle control, pro- or antiapoptotic processes, and tumor invasion and metastasis. miRNAs offer a novel perspective on tumor features and behaviors and might be valuable in prognostication and therapeutic plans. In pituitary adenomas, miRNAs showed a specific expression pattern depending on their size, cell origin, remission, and treatments. Screening miRNA expression patterns is promising to monitor and evaluate recurrence, as well as to investigate the efficacy of radiation and chemotherapy for PAs exhibiting aggressive behavior. Thus, the current review investigated the interplay of the miRNAs' pivotal role in offering new opportunities to translate these innovative epigenetic tools into healthcare applications."
1408,brain tumour,39389253,Differential expression and significance of cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with viral encephalitis.,"To extensively identify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine profiles related to the occurrence, development and prognosis of viral encephalitis (VE) patients by using a high-throughput proteomic approach. We measured 80 cytokines in the CSF of acute-phase VE patients (n = 11) using high-throughput protein chip technology, comparing them to controls (n = 6). ELISA validated these findings and assessed additional cytokines from prior literature in a larger cohort (15 VE patients, 15 controls). Correlations between biomarkers and clinical characteristics were also examined. In the initial stage, we identified two differentially expressed cytokines: cathepsin-L (CTSL), which was up-regulated, and Fractalkine, which was down-regulated. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these proteins are linked to inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and blood-brain barrier disruption. In stage2, the elevations of cathepsin-L (CTSL), fractalkine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ (IGF-2) and CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) in VE were validated by ELISA. The results of linear regression indicated that these cytokines was positively correlated with CSF reactive lesions (p < 0.05). In this study, some biomarkers related with CSF level changes and prognosis were obtained. Although these cytokines are not specific, they may be related to the occurrence and development of VE. CTSL, MIF, IL-1β, TNF-α and CXCL10 can be used as VE potential biomarkers. These cytokines may participate in the pathogenesis of VE through inflammatory response, cell apoptosis, autophagy, blood-brain barrier disruption and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway."
1409,brain tumour,39387980,MSH6-proficient crypt foci in MSH6 constitutional mismatch repair deficiency: reversion of a frameshifted coding microsatellite to its wild-type sequence.,"The discovery of ""mismatch repair deficient (MMRd)-crypt foci"" in non-neoplastic intestinal mucosa in Lynch syndrome (LS) has significantly enhanced our understanding of how tumors and tumor immunity form and evolve in LS. In this study, we report the frequent presence of ""mismatch repair proficient (MMRp)-crypt foci"" in both non-neoplastic and neoplastic intestinal mucosa in a patient with constitutional MMR deficiency (CMMRD), who carried a germline MSH6 pathogenic variant (c.3261dupC) in trans with an MSH6 likely pathogenic variant (c.3724_3726del) and whose tissues were otherwise deficient in MMR globally. The MMRp-crypts occurred at a rate of 1.1/100 crypts in non-neoplastic intestinal mucosa and were readily discernible in adenomas > 1 cm. Sequencing analysis revealed normalization of the MSH6c.3261dupC variant in MMRp-adenoma crypts, indicating reverse frameshifting of the exon 5 C8 microsatellite. Interestingly but not surprisingly, the MMRp-adenoma crypts remained microsatellite-instability-high (MSI-H), and shared oncogenic APC mutations with the background MMRd-adenoma. Contrasting with MSH6-CMMRD, no PMS2-CMMRD individuals (0/5) harbored MMRp-crypts. In conclusion, our study documents distinct MMRp-crypts in MSH6-CMMRD, a phenomenon in keeping with MSH6 being a frequent target of MSI-H due to its coding microsatellite and suggesting that MSH6-CMMRD can potentially serve as a unique model system to further our understanding of MSH6's role in MSI-H tumor formation and evolution. Our findings also bear diagnostic implications; when using MMR immunohistochemistry as an ancillary tool in detecting CMMRD, awareness of these MMRp crypts can help avoid diagnostic pitfalls."
1410,brain tumour,39387938,Surgical treatment of meningiomas improves neurocognitive functioning and quality of life - a prospective single-center study.,"Early diagnosis and the refinement of treatment of patients with intracranial meningiomas have brought quality of life (QoL) and neurocognitive functioning as outcome measures into focus. The aim of this study is a comprehensive assessment of neurocognitive function, quality of life and the presence of depression in meningioma patients before and after surgery."
1411,brain tumour,39388438,Scalp dose analysis for transient and permanent alopecia following conventional cranial irradiation using Image Guided Radiotherapy (IGRT): A prospective study.,The dosimetry of scalp dose was prospectively studied and correlated with alopecia following conventional cranial irradiation in primary brain tumors patients.
1412,brain tumour,39386927,Clinical and translational advances in primary brain tumor therapy with a focus on glioblastoma-A comprehensive review of the literature.,"This comprehensive review paper examines the most updated state of research on glioblastoma, an aggressive brain tumor with limited treatment options. By analyzing 76 recent studies, from translational and basic sciences, to clinical trials, we highlight various aspects of glioblastoma and shed light on potential therapeutic strategies. The interplay between tumor cells, neural progenitor cells, and the tumor microenvironment is explored. Targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway through extracellular-vesicle (EV)-mediated signaling emerges as a potential therapeutic strategy. Personalized modeling approaches utilizing patient-specific MRI data offer promise for optimizing treatment strategies. The response of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) to different treatment modalities is examined, emphasizing the need to inhibit the transformation of proneural (PN) GSCs into resistant mesenchymal (MES) GSCs. Metabolic therapy and combination therapies show potential in reversing treatment resistance and inhibiting both PN and MES GSCs. Immunotherapy, targeted approaches, and molecular dynamics in gliomas are discussed, providing insights into early-stage diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, the potential use of Zika virus as an oncolytic agent is explored. Analysis of phase 0 to 3 clinical trials reveal promising outcomes for various experimental treatments, highlighting the importance of combination therapies, predictive signatures, and patient selection strategies. Specific compounds demonstrate potential therapeutic benefits and tolerability. Phase 3 trials indicate the efficacy of DCVax-L in improving survival rates and depatux-m in prolonging progression-free survival. These findings emphasize the importance of personalized treatment approaches and continued exploration of targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and tumor biology understanding in shaping the future of glioblastoma treatment."
1413,brain tumour,39386597,THOC1 complexes with SIN3A to regulate R-loops and promote glioblastoma progression.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults, has a median survival of 21 months. To identify drivers of GBM proliferation, we conducted a CRISPR-knockout screen, which revealed THO Complex 1 (THOC1) as a key driver. Knocking down THOC1 significantly reduced GBM cell viability across patient-derived xenograft (PDX) lines, enhancing survival (p<0.01) in primary PDX models. Conversely, overexpressing THOC1 in non-cancerous cells bolstered viability, decreasing survival and causing tumor engraftment in vivo (p<0.01). Further investigation revealed THOC1's robust interaction with SIN3A, a histone deacetylase complex. Histone deacetylation has been previously shown to prevent the buildup of R-loops, structures that form normally during transcription but can be lethal in excess. We found that THOC1-knockdown leads to elevated R-loop levels and reduced histone deacetylation levels. Next, to understand the networks specifically regulated by THOC1-mediated R-loop prevention, we conducted unbiased RNA-sequencing on control and THOC1-knockdown GBM cells. We found that THOC1's role in R-loop prevention primarily affects telomeres, critical regions for cell replication. We further show that THOC1-knockdown results in significantly increased telomeric R-loop levels and shortened telomeres. Ultimately, this study suggests that targeting THOC1 shows promise as a therapeutic strategy to disrupt the delicate R-loop landscape and undermine GBM's replicative potential."
1414,brain tumour,39386586,MALT1 protease inhibition restrains glioblastoma progression by reversing tumor-associated macrophage-dependent immunosuppression.,"MALT1 protease is an intracellular signaling molecule that promotes tumor progression via cancer cell-intrinsic and cancer cell-extrinsic mechanisms. MALT1 has been mostly studied in lymphocytes, and little is known about its role in tumor-associated macrophages. Here, we show that MALT1 plays a key role in glioblastoma (GBM)-associated macrophages. Mechanistically, GBM tumor cells induce a MALT1-NF-κB signaling axis within macrophages, leading to macrophage migration and polarization toward an immunosuppressive phenotype. Inactivation of MALT1 protease promotes transcriptional reprogramming that reduces migration and restores a macrophage ""M1-like"" phenotype. Preclinical "
1415,brain tumour,39386542,Modulation of Stemness and Differentiation Regulators by Valproic Acid in Medulloblastoma.,"Changes in epigenetic processes such as histone acetylation are proposed as key events influencing cancer cell function and the initiation and progression of pediatric brain tumors. Valproic acid (VPA) is an antiepileptic drug that acts partially by inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs) and could be repurposed as an epigenetic anticancer therapy. Here, we show that VPA reduced medulloblastoma (MB) cell viability and led to cell cycle arrest. These effects were accompanied by enhanced H3K9 histone acetylation (H3K9ac) and decreased expression of the "
1416,brain tumour,39386427,Cholinergic Neuronal Activity Promotes Diffuse Midline Glioma Growth through Muscarinic Signaling.,"Neuronal activity promotes the proliferation of healthy oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) and their malignant counterparts, gliomas. Many gliomas arise from and closely resemble oligodendroglial lineage precursors, including diffuse midline glioma (DMG), a cancer affecting midline structures such as the thalamus, brainstem and spinal cord. In DMG, glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal activity promotes progression through both paracrine signaling and through bona-fide neuron-to-glioma synapses. However, the putative roles of other neuronal subpopulations - especially neuromodulatory neurons located in the brainstem that project to long-range target sites in midline anatomical locations where DMGs arise - remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that the activity of cholinergic midbrain neurons modulates both healthy OPC and malignant DMG proliferation in a circuit-specific manner at sites of long-range cholinergic projections. Optogenetic stimulation of the cholinergic pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) promotes glioma growth in pons, while stimulation of the laterodorsal tegmentum nucleus (LDT) facilitates proliferation in thalamus, consistent with the predominant projection patterns of each cholinergic midbrain nucleus. Reciprocal signaling was evident, as increased activity of cholinergic neurons in the PPN and LDT was observed in pontine DMG-bearing mice. In co-culture, hiPSC-derived cholinergic neurons form neuron-to-glioma networks with DMG cells and robustly promote proliferation. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses revealed prominent expression of the muscarinic receptor genes "
1417,brain tumour,39386028,Muscarinic receptor drug trihexyphenidyl can alter growth of mesenchymal glioblastoma ,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most commonly occurring and most aggressive primary brain tumor. Transcriptomics-based tumor subtype classification has established the mesenchymal lineage of GBM (MES-GBM) as cancers with particular aggressive behavior and high levels of therapy resistance. Previously it was show that Trihexyphenidyl (THP), a market approved M1 muscarinic receptor-targeting oral drug can suppress proliferation and survival of GBM stem cells from the classical transcriptomic subtype. In a series of "
1418,brain tumour,39385899,Colorectal Cancer Brain Metastasis With Concomitant KRAS and BRAF Mutations: A Case Report.,"Colorectal cancer (CRC) brain metastasis (BM) is a rare but aggressive manifestation of the disease, with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Although brain metastases are more commonly associated with primary tumors located in the lung, skin, and breast, their occurrence in colorectal cancer is uncommon. Genetic mutations are highly important in tumor progression, and mutations in KRAS and BRAF genes are key drivers in colorectal cancer. However, the concurrent presence of both mutations is exceedingly rare. This case report presents a unique instance of colorectal cancer brain metastasis harboring both KRAS and BRAF mutations, highlighting its clinical significance and therapeutic challenges. We present the case of a 62-year-old male patient diagnosed with brain metastasis (in the cerebellum and right parietal lobe) who presented to the hospital with neurological symptoms. He underwent a CT imaging investigation that revealed multiple tumors. Subsequent biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of brain metastasis, with histological characteristics consistent with colonic adenocarcinoma. Tests also revealed aberrant expression of both KRAS and BRAF mutations. This case highlights the importance of considering brain metastases in colorectal cancer patients due to their detrimental effects on prognosis and survival rates. Additionally, the simultaneous presence of BRAF and KRAS mutations, in this case, adds an extra layer of complexity and severity."
1419,brain tumour,39385481,USF1 Silencing Reduces Ferroptosis Resistance in Prostate Cancer Cells.,"Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death mode. Ferroptosis resistance is related to prostate cancer (PCa) invasion; However, there is vague understanding with regard to the underlying mechanism. This study was undertaken to clarify the role and mechanism of upstream stimulatory factor 1 ("
1420,brain tumour,39385311,Ultra-early stage lower-grade gliomas: How can we define and differentiate these easily misdiagnosed gliomas through intraoperative molecular diagnosis.,"Some lower-grade gliomas (LGG) are difficult to distinguish morphologically from glial cell proliferation or inflammatory changes during surgery, leading to a high risk of incorrect diagnosis. It is crucial to differentiate between the two for making surgical decisions. We define these critical cases as ""ultra early stage lower-grade gliomas (UES-LGG)""."
1421,brain tumour,39385297,Application of preoperative advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating the postoperative recurrence of lower grade gliomas.,"Recurrence of lower grade glioma (LrGG) appeared to be unavoidable despite considerable research performed in last decades. Thus, we evaluated the postoperative recurrence within two years after the surgery in patients with LrGG by preoperative advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI)."
1422,brain tumour,39385102,Indocyanine green fluorescence identification of the intersegmental plane by the target segmental vein-first single-blocking during thoracoscopic segmentectomy.,Innovative attempt to explore the feasibility and accuracy of using indocyanine green fluorescence (ICGF) to identify the intersegmental plane by the target segmental veins preferential ligation during thoracoscopic segmentectomy.
1423,brain tumour,39385009,Systemic delivery of tannic acid-ferric-masked oncolytic adenovirus reprograms tumor microenvironment for improved therapeutic efficacy in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive primary brain tumor, and urgently requires effective treatments. Oncolytic adenovirus (OA) shows promise as a potential candidate for clinical antitumor therapy, including in the treatment of GBM. Nevertheless, the systemic delivery of OA continues to face challenges, leading to significantly compromised antitumor efficacy. In this study, we developed an innovative approach by encapsulating CXCL11-armed OA with tannic acid and Fe"
1424,brain tumour,39384109,T2 Hyperintensities in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1.,"Areas of increased signal intensity, known as T2 hyperintensities (T2Hs), observed on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, are linked to a spectrum of brain abnormalities in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Defining the radiological characteristics that distinguish non-neoplastic from neoplastic T2Hs in children with NF1 is crucial. Then, we could identify lesions that were most likely to require oncologic surveillance."
1425,brain tumour,39383975,T7 Peptide-modified macrophage membrane-coated nanoplatform for enhanced glioma treatment.,"The efficient and secure delivery of intravenous chemotherapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to the precise location of a brain tumor is a crucial element in glioma treatment. Herein, we introduce a biomimetic nanoplatform (T7-M-C/S) comprising a core made up of irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT11) and its bioactive metabolite, 7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38), surrounded by a layer of T7-peptide-modified macrophage membrane. CPT11 spontaneously assembles with SN38 into stable and water-dispersible nanoparticles (C/S), greatly enhancing the water solubility of SN38. The integration of the modified peptide with the inherent proteins expressed by macrophage cells confers the nanoplatform with enhanced bioavailability and robust glioma-targeting abilities, ultimately resulting in superior therapeutic outcomes. These discoveries highlight a drug delivery system characterized by a high drug loading capacity, leveraging the macrophage membrane, and promising significant potential for glioma treatment."
1426,brain tumour,39383934,Associations between cytokine levels and cognitive function among individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis.,"To explore the intricate interplay among cytokines, cognitive functioning, and conversion to psychosis in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis."
1427,brain tumour,39383786,Opposite expression of NCOA4 in glioblastoma tissues and cell lines.,"Recent research has found that ferroptosis is the most prevalent type of programmed cell death in glioma tissues and is associated with malignant progression, poor prognosis, and exacerbated immune suppression in glioblastoma (GBM). In recent years, nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) has been identified as a key protein in ferroptosis, but its expression in GBM tissues remains unclear. We observed an intriguing phenomenon where the expression pattern of NCOA4 was opposite in GBM tissues compared to three GBM cell lines (U87-MG, U251, and LN229), with NCOA4 expression being elevated in brain tissue but decreased in the GBM cells. This observation was further confirmed through bioinformatics analysis and experiments. Based on this finding, we hypothesize that immune cells in GBM tissues may exhibit more pronounced signs of iron depletion compared to tumor cells, which could contribute to the therapeutic resistance of GBM. The increase in NCOA4 observed in tumor tissues does not necessarily reflect increased ferroptosis in tumor cells but might indicate increased ferroptosis in non-tumor cells. This point should be considered when evaluating the efficacy of inducing ferroptosis via NCOA4 in GBM research. This observation could potentially impact the proposed strategy of inducing iron depletion as a treatment for GBM. We recognize the importance of this finding for guiding future GBM research and believe it warrants further investigation. This phenomenon may also be present in other types of tumors."
1428,brain tumour,39383589,Neuropsychological Late Effects and Quality-of-Life Outcomes in Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors: Role of Pediatric Neurologists in Monitoring and Management.,"Pediatric brain tumor (PBT) survivors are at significantly increased risk of cognitive, psychosocial, and educational/vocational sequelae that impact health-related quality of life. These complications and health morbidities result in high burden on survivors and their families, particularly those already vulnerable to disparities in health care access and outcomes. Since neurological comorbidities are common in this population, neurologists are uniquely positioned to screen, treat identified symptoms, and connect families with services and resources. A tiered assessment approach can facilitate early identification of concerns and reduce barriers to care. We review common presenting conditions, highlight risk factors, and provide screening tools and recommendations to facilitate comprehensive survivorship care for PBT survivors."
1429,brain tumour,39383584,Surgically treated brain metastases of gastric origin: a case series and systematic review.,"The incidence of brain metastases from gastric origin is less than 1% in those with primary gastric cancer. Given this exceedingly rare presentation, there is limited literature describing the outcomes of their neurosurgical treatment. We wish to identify the role of surgical intervention for brain lesions in metastatic gastric cancer via institutional case series and systematic review."
1430,brain tumour,39383482,Cancer Risk Among Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A 10-Year Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study.,"Previous literature has been diverging on cancer risk in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Therefore, this study compared the risk of cancer in PwMS and a matched sample from the French general population."
1431,brain tumour,39383211,Development of an orthotopic medulloblastoma zebrafish model for rapid drug testing.,"Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in children. Current preclinical in vivo model systems for MB have increased our understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating MB development. However, they may not be suitable for large-scale studies. The aim of this study was to investigate if a zebrafish-based xenograft model can recapitulate MB growth and enable rapid drug testing."
1432,brain tumour,39383041,SIV-specific antibodies protect against inflammasome-driven encephalitis in untreated macaques.,"Viral encephalitis is a growing public health threat with limited diagnostic and treatment options. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques are an established model for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and approximately 60% of untreated pigtail macaques rapidly progress to characteristic SIV encephalitis (SIVE). The immune responses of SIV-infected macaques are investigated in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain tissue to determine correlates with SIVE pathology. Macaques with SIVE show myeloid-dominant brain lesions with inflammasome activation in infected and bystander cells, as assessed by interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC), and elevations in monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). SIV-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G in plasma and CSF is predictive of SIVE as early as 21 days post-inoculation; animals with SIVE continue to show negligible seroconversion 3 months after infection. This dichotomy in immune responses, wherein some macaques fail to initiate robust IgG responses and subsequently develop SIVE, provides insight into the pathogenesis and heterogeneous outcomes in viral encephalitis."
1433,brain tumour,39382765,Epigenetic landscape reorganisation and reactivation of embryonic development genes are associated with malignancy in IDH-mutant astrocytoma.,"Accurate grading of IDH-mutant gliomas defines patient prognosis and guides the treatment path. Histological grading is challenging, and aside from CDKN2A/B homozygous deletions in IDH-mutant astrocytomas, there are no other objective molecular markers used for grading. RNA-sequencing was conducted on primary IDH-mutant astrocytomas (n = 138) included in the prospective CATNON trial, which was performed to assess the prognostic effect of adjuvant and concurrent temozolomide. We integrated the RNA-sequencing data with matched DNA-methylation and NGS data. We also used multi-omics data from IDH-mutant astrocytomas included in the TCGA dataset and validated results on matched primary and recurrent samples from the GLASS-NL study. Since discrete classes do not adequately capture grading of these tumours, we utilised DNA-methylation profiles to generate a Continuous Grading Coefficient (CGC) based on classification scores from a CNS-tumour classifier. CGC was an independent predictor of survival outperforming current WHO-CNS5 and methylation-based classification. Our RNA-sequencing analysis revealed four distinct transcription clusters that were associated with (i) upregulation of cell cycling genes; (ii) downregulation of glial differentiation genes; (iii) upregulation of embryonic development genes (e.g. HOX, PAX, and TBX) and (iv) upregulation of extracellular matrix genes. The upregulation of embryonic development genes was associated with a specific increase of CpG island methylation near these genes. Higher grade IDH-mutant astrocytomas have DNA-methylation signatures that, on the RNA level, are associated with increased cell cycling, tumour cell de-differentiation and extracellular matrix remodelling. These combined molecular signatures can serve as an objective marker for grading of IDH-mutant astrocytomas."
1434,brain tumour,39382734,"Clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and therapeutic approaches on survival in patients with epithelioid glioblastoma: Institutional experience in the management of 58 patients.","Epithelioid glioblastoma (Ep-GBM) is a rare variant of glioblastoma characterized by a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Currently, there is no established standard treatment for Ep-GBM. Therefore, we identified 58 Ep-GBM cases to investigate these characteristics and identify the possible prognostic factors of survival. There were 30 male and 28 female patients with a median age of 39 years. Headaches and dizziness were the most common clinical symptom. The tumor is most frequently located in the temporal lobe (36.2%). The positivity rate for BRAF-V600E is 56.9% (33/58), for MGMT is 56.9% (33/58), and for INI-1 is 75% (30/40). Tumor recurrence was observed in 39 patients. The median progression-free survival (PFS) of all patients was 12.7 months, while the median overall survival (OS) was 29.1 months. Additionally, the median survival time after recurrence was 14.3 months. Both univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses revealed that individuals who received more than six cycles of adjuvant oral temozolomide experienced a longer median PFS compared to those who received fewer cycles. Characteristics associated with poorer PFS included tumor dissemination prior to initial surgery. Additionally, both analyses identified tumor dissemination, radiotherapy and adjuvant oral temozolomide as predictors of OS. Notably, for patients with recurrent Ep-GBM, reoperation was shown to significantly increase survival time after recurrence. In conclusion, the standard Stupp regimen is also applicable to patients with Ep-GBM, extending adjuvant oral temozolomide could further improve survival for Ep-GBM patients, reoperation may also prolong survival for recurrent Ep-GBM."
1435,brain tumour,39382648,Clinical characteristics and management of adipsic arginine vasopressin deficiency in children and adolescents with sellar germ cell tumors.,"Adipsic arginine vasopressin deficiency(aAVP-D) is a rare, high-risk syndrome, particularly difficult to recognize and manage in children and adolescents. This investigation examined the clinical features and management of aAVP-D in children and adolescents with sellar germ cell tumors (GCTs). A retrospective survey was performed on 260 patients with sellar GCTs, categorized into aAVP-D and non-aAVP-D groups based on thirst presence. General characteristics, hypothalamic syndrome, pituitary function, metabolic indicators, and complications were compared. Biochemical indicator changes in the aAVP-D group were analyzed after systematic management, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis established the optimum serum sodium cut-off for predicting the aAVP-D. 25 patients (9.6%) developed aAVP-D. The aAVP-D group had larger tumors with hypothalamic involvement and more surgical resections. They also demonstrated more hypothalamic syndrome, central adrenal insufficiency, central hypogonadism, and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels below norms. Furthermore, aAVP-D patients exhibited significantly higher rates of hypernatremia (100% vs 20.9%, p < 0.001), hyperuricemia (60.0% vs 23.4%, p < 0.001), renal impairment (32.0% vs 1.7%, p < 0.001), and venous thrombosis (4.0% vs 0%, p = 0.002). Following systematic management, aAVP-D patients experienced significant reductions in serum sodium, uric acid, and creatinine levels, although these remained higher than in the non-aAVP-D group. ROC analysis indicated that a serum sodium level above 149.5 mmol/L predicted aAVP-D. Conclusion Patients with aAVP-D had more tumor involvement in the hypothalamic region, surgical resections, hypothalamic syndrome, hypopituitarism, and complications. Serum sodium levels above 149.5 mmol/L necessitated heightened vigilance for aAVP-D. Early identification and systematic management reduced complications, though clinical management remained challenging. What is Known • Adipsic arginine vasopressin deficiency (aAVP-D) is a rare and high-risk syndrome that is difficult to recognize and manage. • There are few reports on aAVP-D, most of which focus on adult patients. • The characteristics and management of aAVP-D in children and adolescents remain unclear. What is New • Children and adolescents with aAVP-D experienced higher rates of hypothalamic region tumor involvement, surgical resections, hypothalamic syndrome, hypopituitarism, and associated complications. • Serum sodium levels above 149.5 mmol/L necessitated heightened vigilance for aAVP-D. • Early recognition and structured management of ADI lowered the risk of complications."
1436,brain tumour,39382639,Advanced imaging techniques and non-invasive biomarkers in pediatric brain tumors: state of the art.,"In the pediatric age group, brain neoplasms are the second most common tumor category after leukemia, with an annual incidence of 6.13 per 100,000. Conventional MRI sequences, complemented by CT whenever necessary, are fundamental for the initial diagnosis and surgical planning as well as for post-operative evaluations, assessment of response to treatment, and surveillance; however, they have limitations, especially concerning histopathologic or biomolecular phenotyping and grading. In recent years, several advanced MRI sequences, including diffusion-weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, arterial spin labelling (ASL) perfusion, and MR spectroscopy, have emerged as a powerful aid to diagnosis as well as prognostication; furthermore, other techniques such as diffusion kurtosis, amide proton transfer imaging, and MR elastography are being translated from the research environment to clinical practice. Molecular imaging, especially PET with amino-acid tracers, complement MRI in several aspects, including biopsy targeting and outcome prediction. Finally, radiomics with radiogenomics are opening entirely new perspectives for a quantitative approach aiming at identifying biomarkers that can be used for personalized, precision management strategies."
1437,brain tumour,39382333,"Otogenic brain complications, simulation training and low-molecular-weight heparin salvage in pedicled flap head and neck reconstruction.",No abstract found
1438,brain tumour,39382324,Retinoic acid-induced differentiation and oxidative stress inhibitors increase resistance of human neuroblastoma cells to La Crosse virus-induced cell death.,"La Crosse Virus (LACV) encephalitis patients are at risk for long-term deficits in cognitive function due to neuronal apoptosis following virus infection. However, the specific etiology underlying neuronal damage remains elusive. In this study, we examined how differentiation and mitotic inhibition of neuroblastoma cells influence their susceptibility to LACV infection and cell death. Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with retinoic acid induced a neuronal cell phenotype which was similarly susceptible to LACV infection as untreated cells but had significantly delayed virus-induced cell death. Protein and RNA transcript analysis showed that retinoic acid-treated cells had decreased oxidative stress responses to LACV infection compared to untreated cells. Modulation of oxidative stress in untreated cells with specific compounds also delayed cell death, without substantially impacting virus production. Thus, the oxidative stress response of neurons to virus infection may be a key component of neuronal susceptibility to virus-induced cell death."
1439,brain tumour,39381874,Unlikely Impersonator of Primary Brain Tumors: Illustrative Case of Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System.,No abstract found
1440,brain tumour,39381813,Brain tumor classification using fine-tuned transfer learning models on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images.,"Brain tumors are a leading global cause of mortality, often leading to reduced life expectancy and challenging recovery. Early detection significantly improves survival rates. This paper introduces an efficient deep learning model to expedite brain tumor detection through timely and accurate identification using magnetic resonance imaging images."
1441,brain tumour,39381434,Primary Hyperparathyroidism With Undetectable Intact Parathyroid Hormone.,"Hypercalcemia can result from either hyperparathyroidism or non-parathyroid conditions. When hypercalcemia is accompanied by undetectable parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, hyperparathyroidism is rarely considered the diagnosis. Herein, we report the case of a 65-year-old Caucasian woman referred to our hospital for further evaluation of hypercalcemia. Her symptoms included fatigue and brain fog, with undetectable PTH levels. A comprehensive workup, including a series of laboratory and imaging tests, excluded common non-parathyroid causes such as malignancy and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. Ultrasound identified a likely enlarged parathyroid gland, which was further confirmed by a sestamibi scan. After 2 weeks of cinacalcet treatment, the patient's calcium levels decreased, indicating the parathyroid gland as the likely source of hypercalcemia. Parathyroidectomy was subsequently performed, revealing a 1927 mg adenoma. Postoperatively, the patient's calcium levels normalized, PTH levels became detectable within the normal range, and her symptoms resolved, with a marked improvement in energy. This case demonstrates that primary hyperparathyroidism can present with hypercalcemia and undetectable PTH. A genetic mutation in the PTH gene within the adenoma may explain the undetectable PTH levels preoperatively."
1442,brain tumour,39381427,SENP7 inhibits glioblastoma metastasis and invasion by dissociating SUMO2/3 binding to specific target proteins.,The poor surgical efficacy and recurrence of glioblastoma (GBM) are due to its lack of visible infiltrative features. Our bioinformatics study suggests that low expression of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-specific protease 7 (SENP7) indicates poor prognosis in GBM.
1443,brain tumour,39381232,,"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an increasing widespread cause of disability and mortality, typically leading to dementia and memory impairment."
1444,brain tumour,39381039,Extracellular vesicles from cancer cell lines of different origins drive the phenotype of normal oral fibroblasts in a CAF-like direction.,"Normal oral fibroblasts (NOFs) are located in the connective tissue of the oral mucosa. The NOFs play an important role in wound healing, tumor progression, and metastasis. They are subjected to influence by external and internal stimuli, among them extracellular vesicles (EVs), that are considered as important players in cell to cell communication, especially in carcinogenesis and metastatic processes. During tumorigenesis, stromal NOFs may undergo activation into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that modify their phenotype to provide pro-oncogenic signals that in turn facilitate tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. The aim of the study was to reveal the effect of EVs derived from local (oral squamous cell carcinoma - OSCC) and distant (pancreatic adenocarcinoma - PDAC; malignant melanoma brain metastasis - MBM) cancer origin on NOFs and their possible change into a CAF-like direction."
1445,brain tumour,39380997,Machine learning-based discovery of UPP1 as a key oncogene in tumorigenesis and immune escape in gliomas.,"Gliomas are the most common and aggressive type of primary brain tumor, with a poor prognosis despite current treatment approaches. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying glioma development and progression is critical for improving therapies and patient outcomes."
1446,brain tumour,39380890,MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of Brain Tumor.,"Brain tumors have been deadly cancers for years, and in most cases they are difficult to diagnose in their early stages. For this reason, researchers need to develop low-cost, sensitive methods for examining cancer biomarkers. Such biomarkers include microRNA. MicroRNA expression in various body fluids shows a high correlation with cancer. A number of studies have demonstrated changes in microRNA expression in cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples from patients with brain tumors. New biomarkers such as microRNAs may help diagnose brain tumors at the very beginning of the disease, enabling early treatment and increasing the chances of survival. This review describes the diagnostic role of microRNAs and the prospects for their use as biomarkers in patients with brain tumors."
1447,brain tumour,39380837,High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features: MRI findings associated with a novel entity.,"High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features is a newly defined brain tumor that requires DNA methylation profiling for diagnosis. Imaging features specific to this tumor have only recently been described in the radiological literature. We highlight the case of a 34-year-old man who presented with a 4-week history of headaches and light-headedness. Postresection, pathological analysis identified the tumor based on DNA methylation profiling, and the patient was started on adjuvant chemotherapy with Temozolomide. T2-weighted imaging showed a well-circumscribed cerebellar mass, which correlated with the pathology-reported glial tumor cells being elongated and piloid. T1-postgadolinium imaging showed heterogeneous enhancement of linear serpiginous areas, which correlated with regions of high microvascular density and vessels that showed thickening and hyalinization. Diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient mapping did not show significant diffusion restriction. Rosenthal fibres were absent. Given the specific imaging-pathology correlation, this report contributes imaging features associated with this novel diagnostic entity."
1448,brain tumour,39380817,Caudal regression syndrome with incidental brain tumor in a woman: A case report.,"Caudal regression syndrome is a rare inherited neural tube disorder. It may be associated with urological, gastrointestinal, and other spine malformations. It usually presents with variable neurological deficits of varying severity. Maternal diabetes mellitus has been postulated to be a significant risk factor for this syndrome. Most of the cases are diagnosed in antenatal or early childhood with very few cases been reported in adulthood. We have tried to illustrate a rare case of caudal regression syndrome in a 31-year female presenting with low back pain with incidental finding of brain tumor."
1449,brain tumour,39380451,Prophylactic cranial irradiation in patients with resected small-cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) was recommended for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients with complete or partial response to primary chemoradiotherapy. But it is still controversial regarding its role in SCLC patients who have had radical resection. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of PCI in resected SCLC patients. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAl, and ClinicalTrials for controlled trials and cohort studies regarding PCI in postoperative SCLC patients. The correlation between PCI and post-operative outcomes in SCLC patients, including survival and brain metastasis rate (BMR), was examined using hazard ratios (HRs) and risk ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Quality of studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and publication bias was assessed by Begg's test. Meta-analysis of eight studies with 2688 patients in total showed PCI was associated with improved overall survival (OS) for resected SCLC (HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.57-0.75, p < 0.01). In addition, subgroup analysis on three studies including 923 patients confirmed the protective role of postoperative PCI in N0 SCLC patients (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.61-0.97, p < 0.05). There was also a significant reduction in BMR in the PCI group pooled from six studies (HR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.40-0.85, p < 0.01). The use of PCI delayed brain recurrence and improved OS in patients with resected, stage I-III SCLC. Importantly, patients with N0 SCLC can also benefit from postoperative PCI. In future studies, PCI's role in patients with resected N0 SCLC at different T stage may need to be explored."
1450,brain tumour,39380365,Radiomic features on multiparametric MRI for differentiating pseudoprogression from recurrence in high-grade gliomas.,Distinguishing between tumor recurrence and pseudoprogression (PsP) in high-grade glioma postoperatively is challenging. This study aims to enhance this differentiation using a combination of intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics.
1451,brain tumour,39380174,Long-term sequelae and quality of life after childhood-onset craniopharyngioma: Results of a Spanish multicenter study.,We aim to describe the characteristics of patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma and to analyze factors that impair quality of life (QoL) in this population.
1452,brain tumour,39379931,Updated overall survival and ctDNA analysis in patients with EGFR T790M-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with lazertinib in the phase 1/2 LASER201 study.,"Lazertinib is a potent, irreversible, third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with significant efficacy in patients with EGFR T790M-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This is the final overall survival (OS) report from the phase 1/2 LASER201 study in patients with advanced NSCLC with disease progression on or after prior EGFR TKI therapy."
1453,brain tumour,39379708,Advanced breast diffusion-weighted imaging: what are the next steps? A proposal from the EUSOBI International Breast Diffusion-weighted Imaging working group.,This study by the EUSOBI International Breast Diffusion-weighted Imaging (DWI) working group aimed to evaluate the current and future applications of advanced DWI in breast imaging.
1454,brain tumour,39379704,Prediction of brain metastasis development with DNA methylation signatures.,"Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common and among the deadliest brain tumors. Currently, there are no reliable predictors of BM development from primary cancer, which limits early intervention. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common BM source and here we obtained 402 tumor and plasma samples from a large cohort of patients with LUAD with or without BM (n = 346). LUAD DNA methylation signatures were evaluated to build and validate an accurate model predicting BM development from LUAD, which was integrated with clinical factors to provide comprehensive patient-specific BM risk probabilities in a nomogram. Additionally, immune and cell interaction gene sets were differentially methylated at promoters in BM versus paired primary LUAD and had aligning dysregulation in the proteome. Immune cells were differentially abundant in BM versus LUAD. Finally, liquid biomarkers identified from methylated cell-free DNA sequenced in plasma were used to generate and validate accurate classifiers for early BM detection. Overall, LUAD methylomes can be leveraged to predict and noninvasively identify BM, moving toward improved patient outcomes with personalized treatment."
1455,brain tumour,39379532,Molecular markers for pediatric low-grade glioma.,"Over the past decade, our understanding of the molecular drivers of pediatric low-grade glioma (PLGG) has expanded dramatically. These tumors are predominantly driven by RAS/MAPK pathway activating alterations (fusions and point mutations), most frequently in BRAF, FGFR1, and NF1. Furthermore, additional second hits in tumor suppressor genes (TP53, ATRX, CDKN2A) can portend more aggressive behaviour. Accordingly, comprehensive molecular profiling-specifically genetic sequencing, often plus copy number profiling-has become critical for guiding the diagnosis and management of PLGG. In this review, we discuss the most important genetic alterations that inform on classification and prognosis of PLGG, highlighting their diagnostic and therapeutic relevance."
1456,brain tumour,39379286,"A qualitative study of specialist multidisciplinary clinician perspectives on barriers/facilitators to care for children with brain cancer and their families: ""","Children with brain cancer and their families have complex care needs throughout diagnosis, active treatment, long-term survivorship, and the palliative phase of illness. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of Australian specialist clinicians on barriers and facilitators to health care for children with brain cancer and their families."
1457,brain tumour,39379071,Characterizing pituitary adenomas in clinical notes: Corpus construction and its application in LLMs.,
1458,brain tumour,39378972,"Deleterious effects of social isolation on neuroendocrine-immune status, and cancer progression in rats.","Accumulating evidence indicates that social isolation (SI) in humans and rodents is associated with increased cancer incidence and mortality, yet mediating mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we examine the neuroendocrine and immunological consequences of SI and its short- and long-term physiological impacts in naïve and cancer-bearing rats. Findings indicate that isolated animals experienced a significant decrease in weight compared to controls. Specifically, females showed a marked weight decrease during the first week of isolation. Isolated rats had significantly higher numbers of MADB106 experimental pulmonary metastases. Although mortality rates were higher in isolated tumor-bearing rats, unexpectedly, they exhibited a reduced growth rate of orthotopically implanted MADB106 tumors. Transcriptomic analyses of these excised tumors indicated a major downregulation in the expression of various genes, including those associated with pro-metastatic processes (e.g., EMT). In naïve rats (no cancer), levels of IL-6 increased, and total IgG levels decreased under SI conditions. A mixed effect was found for TNFα, which increased in females and decreased in males. In the central nervous system, isolated rats showed altered gene expression in key brain regions associated with stress responses and social behavior. The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus emerged as a significantly affected region, along with the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Changes were observed in the expression of oxytocin, serotonin, and dopamine receptors. Isolated rats also exhibited greater alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis-related regulation and an increase in plasma CORT levels. Our study highlights the profound impact of SI on metastatic processes. Additionally, the potential detrimental effects of SI on thermoregulation were discussed, emphasizing the importance of social thermoregulation in maintaining physiological stability and highlighting the need to avoid single-caging practices in research. We report neuro-immune interactions and changes in brain gene expression, highlighting the need for further research into these underlying processes to improve outcomes in animal models and potential interventions for cancer patients through increased social support."
1459,brain tumour,39378707,Postoperative reorganization of the supplementary motor area complex: A possible latent bihemispheric network.,"Brain plasticity after multistep surgery in low-grade glioma is highly variable; the neurosurgical approach must be individualised and functional imaging can be used for this purpose. In supplementary motor area complex (SMAC) tumors, the early and adequate functional recovery of patients raises the possibility of a latent bihemispheric or ""mirror"" cortico-subcortical network, which would develop depending on the needs of each patient."
1460,brain tumour,39378668,Selenoprotein S (SELENOS) is a potential prognostic biomarker for brain lower grade glioma.,"Selenium, an essential micronutrient, primarily exists as selenocysteine in various selenoproteins. Selenoprotein S (SELENOS) is crucial in the development of human cancer. This study aimed to explore the correlation between SELENOS gene expression and the prognosis of brain lower-grade glioma (LGG)."
1461,brain tumour,39378521,Advanced tractography-guided laser ablation of a perirolandic long-term epilepsy-associated tumor: illustrative case.,"Microsurgical resection of drug-resistant epilepsy-associated perirolandic lesions can lead to postoperative motor impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) has emerged as a less invasive alternative, offering reduced surgical risks and improved neurological outcomes. Electrophysiological tools routinely used for motor mapping in resective microsurgery are incompatible with intraoperative MRI. The utilization of advanced neuroimaging adjuncts for eloquent brain mapping during MRgLITT is imperative. The authors present the case of a 17-year-old athlete who underwent MRgLITT for a perirolandic long-term epilepsy-associated tumor (LEAT). They performed probabilistic multi-tissue constrained spherical deconvolution (MT-CSD) tractography to delineate the corticospinal tract (CST) for presurgical planning and intraoperative image guidance. The CST tractography was integrated into neuronavigation and MRgLITT workstation software to guide the ablation while monitoring the CST throughout the procedure."
1462,brain tumour,39378520,Recurrent symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in high-grade astrocytoma with piloid features: illustrative case.,"High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP) is a novel condition introduced in the 2021 World Health Organization classification. Given that it has been recently classified, reports clarifying its clinical features or diagnostic criteria are lacking, especially in cases of atypical presentation. Herein, the authors present a rare case of HGAP with repeated symptomatic hemorrhages."
1463,brain tumour,39378387,Clinical Predilection Features of Middle Ear Adenomatous Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Review of 10 Patients and a Special Case Is Attached.,
1464,brain tumour,39378363,Application of a Photothermal Microscope To Study the Process of Cutaneous Lesion Formation of Malignant Melanoma.,"In this study, we applied a photothermal microscope to study the process of malignant melanoma formation. We analyzed benign papilloma tumors, their metastatic carcinomas, and metastatic melanoma on the preparation of mouse skin using a gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) method. Based on the analysis of nine GLCM parameters investigated, the characteristics during the degenerative and metastatic processes are clarified by the investigation. The determination of characteristic parameters corresponding to three processes before, during, and after the degeneration indicated that this investigation enables the detection of the malignant transformation and related processes."
1465,brain tumour,39378126,Development and safety of investigational and approved drugs targeting the RAS function regulation in RAS mutant cancers.,"The RAS gene family holds a central position in controlling key cellular activities such as migration, survival, metabolism, and other vital biological processes. The activation of RAS signaling cascades is instrumental in the development of various cancers. Although several RAS inhibitors have gained approval from the US Food and Drug Administration for their substantial antitumor effects, their widespread and severe adverse reactions significantly curtail their practical usage in the clinic. Thus, there exists a pressing need for a comprehensive understanding of these adverse events, ensuring the clinical safety of RAS inhibitors through the establishment of precise management guidelines, suitable intermittent dosing schedules, and innovative combination regimens. This review centers on the evolution of RAS inhibitors in cancer therapy, delving into the common adverse effects associated with these inhibitors, their underlying mechanisms, and the potential strategies for mitigation."
1466,brain tumour,39377992,Clinical trial design for novel targeted agents in neuro-oncology.,"Biomarker-based clinical trials investigating targeted treatments for brain tumors have surged due to better access to biomarker testing and a deeper grasp of the molecular basis of tumor development. The design of clinical trials is crucial for evaluating safety, confirming effectiveness, and affirming the clinical advantage of novel agents, with the goal of approval by regulatory authorities to expand patient treatment options. Given some challenges unique to brain tumors, early-stage clinical trials for novel targeted agents must integrate pharmacokinetics and tissue-based pharmacodynamic assessments to establish timely go-no-go decisions for larger studies. Surgical window-of-opportunity trials can allow for the comparison of treated and untreated tumor samples, verifying target engagement and its modulatory effects for evidence of biological activity. Due to the challenges of achieving the required sample sizes to power efficacy analyses, later-stage trials of targeted therapies can include basket trials which test one drug on multiple tumor types, while umbrella trials evaluate several biomarkers within a single histology. Platform trials can also be leveraged to investigate multiple biomarker-driven hypotheses within a unified protocol and can incorporate Bayesian algorithms for adaptive randomization. Selecting appropriate endpoints, such as progression-free survival or overall response rate, is crucial and novel response assessment criteria need to be considered in the context of the tumor and therapy being investigated. Lastly, inclusivity in trials is essential to address health disparities and engage diverse patient populations to ensure real-world impact. Future trials should build upon the knowledge gained from both initial achievements and past setbacks in the field."
1467,brain tumour,39377962,Quantitative brain T1 maps derived from T1-weighted MRI acquisitions: a proof-of-concept study.,"Longitudinal T1 relaxation time is a key imaging biomarker. In addition, T1 values are modulated by the administration of T1 contrast agents used in patients with tumors and metastases. However, in clinical practice, dedicated T1 mapping sequences are often not included in brain MRI protocols. The aim of this study is to address the absence of dedicated T1 mapping sequences in imaging protocol by deriving T1 maps from standard T1-weighted sequences."
1468,brain tumour,39377927,Diffusion MRI is superior to quantitative T2-FLAIR mismatch in predicting molecular subtypes of human non-enhancing gliomas.,This study compared the classification performance of normalized apparent diffusion coefficient (nADC) with percentage T2-FLAIR mismatch-volume (%T2FM-volume) for differentiating between IDH-mutant astrocytoma (IDHm-A) and other glioma molecular subtypes.
1469,brain tumour,39377853,"Comment on, ""T2-FLAIR mismatch sign, an imaging biomarker for CDKN2A-intact in non-enhancing astrocytoma, IDH-mutant"".","The study by Onishi et al. (2024) investigates the correlation between the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign and CDKN2A status in non-enhancing astrocytoma, IDH-mutant. Through the use of radiological and molecular pathological analyses, the research explores the potential of T2-FLAIR mismatch as an imaging biomarker for predicting CDKN2A-intact astrocytomas. Immunohistochemical staining and next-generation sequencing were employed to confirm molecular diagnosis, enhancing the study's robustness. While the findings contribute significantly to preoperative diagnostics and treatment planning, limitations exist. The relatively small sample size (31 patients) and exclusion of gadolinium-enhancing astrocytomas may restrict the generalizability of the results. Additionally, variation in imaging protocols and the retrospective nature of the study limit the overall impact. Future research with a larger cohort, standardized imaging protocols, and a prospective design is recommended to validate the clinical utility of T2-FLAIR mismatch in differentiating CDKN2A status in astrocytomas."
1470,brain tumour,39377833,"Letter to the Editor: ""Optimizing post-craniotomy recovery: Insights from symptom network analysis in primary brain tumor patients"".",No abstract found
1471,brain tumour,39377829,"""Enhancing post-craniotomy recovery: leveraging AI and network analysis for improved outcomes"".","This letter addresses the importance of enhancing post-craniotomy care for primary brain tumor patients by leveraging insights from Rongqing Li et al.'s study on symptom networks. The study identified key central and bridge symptoms, such as sadness and difficulty understanding, which influence post-surgical recovery and quality of life. It also highlighted that patients with noninvasive tumors showed more cohesive symptom networks compared to those with invasive tumors. However, the study had limitations, including a short observation period and reliance on self-reported data, which restricted the depth of the findings.To optimize recovery, integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) could revolutionize post-craniotomy care. AI can assist with surgical planning, predict complications, and monitor recovery through wearable devices and real-time alerts. Natural Language Processing (NLP) can improve symptom detection from electronic health records, enhancing clinical decision-making. Despite the potential of these technologies, ethical concerns regarding data privacy and AI-generated report accuracy must be addressed. Future research should focus on long-term outcomes and refining AI applications to improve post-craniotomy symptom management and overall patient outcomes."
1472,brain tumour,39377678,Enhancing Radiologist Reading Performance by Ordering Screening Mammograms Based on Characteristics That Promote Visual Adaptation.,"Background Mammographic background characteristics may stimulate human visual adaptation, allowing radiologists to detect abnormalities more effectively. However, it is unclear whether density, or another image characteristic, drives visual adaptation. Purpose To investigate whether screening performance improves when screening mammography examinations are ordered for batch reading according to mammographic characteristics that may promote visual adaptation. Materials and Methods This retrospective multireader multicase study was performed with mammograms obtained between September 2016 and May 2019. The screening examinations, each consisting of four mammograms, were interpreted by 13 radiologists in three distinct orders: randomly, by increasing volumetric breast density (VBD), and based on a self-supervised learning (SSL) encoding (examinations automatically grouped as ""looking similar""). An eye tracker recorded radiologists' eye movements during interpretation. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of random-ordered readings were compared with those of VBD- and SSL-ordered readings using mixed-model analysis of variance. Reading time, fixation metrics, and perceived density were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results Mammography examinations (75 with breast cancer, 75 without breast cancer) from 150 women (median age, 55 years [IQR, 50-63]) were read. The examinations ordered by increasing VBD versus randomly had an increased AUC (0.93 [95% CI: 0.91, 0.96] vs 0.92 [95% CI: 0.89, 0.95]; "
1473,brain tumour,39377544,N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) Blunts Axitinib-Related Adverse Effects in Preclinical Models of Glioblastoma.,"Axitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor characterized by a strong affinity for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors (VEGFRs). It was approved in 2012 by Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency as a second line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma and is currently under evaluation in clinical trial for the treatment of other cancers. Glioblastoma IDH-wild type (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor characterized by diffusely infiltrative growth pattern and by a prominent neo-angiogenesis. In GBM, axitinib has demonstrated a limited effectiveness as a monotherapy, while it was recently shown to significantly improve its efficacy in combination treatments. In preclinical models, axitinib has been reported to trigger cellular senescence both in tumor as well as in normal cells, through a mechanism involving intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and activation of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated kinase (ATM). Limiting axitinib-dependent ROS increase by antioxidants prevents senescence specifically in normal cells, without affecting tumor cells."
1474,brain tumour,39377358,Molecular and clinical heterogeneity within MYC-family amplified medulloblastoma is associated with survival outcomes: A multicenter cohort study.,"MYC/MYCN are the most frequent oncogene amplifications in medulloblastoma (MB) and its primary biomarkers of high-risk (HR) disease. However, while many patients' MYC(N)-amplified tumors are treatment-refractory, some achieve long-term survival. We therefore investigated clinicobiological heterogeneity within MYC(N)-amplified MB and determined its relevance for improved disease management."
1475,brain tumour,39377349,Fungal endophytes isolated from ,"In the current study, five fungal endophytes (WR-1, WR-2, WR-3, WR-4, WS-6) were isolated from the roots and stem of "
1476,brain tumour,39377096,Pivotal Role of FBXW4 in Glioma Progression and Prognosis.,"Glioma stands as one of the most formidable brain tumor types, with patient outcomes remaining bleak even in the face of advancements in treatment modalities. FBXW4, a constituent of the F-box and WD repeat domain-containing protein family, is recognized for its participation in diverse cellular activities, including those related to tumor dynamics. Yet, the therapeutic relevance and specific role of FBXW4 in the context of glioma are not well defined. This study aims to elucidate the functional dynamics and significance of FBXW4 in glioma cases."
1477,brain tumour,39376983,Toward standardized brain tumor tissue processing protocols in neuro-oncology: a perspective for gliomas and beyond.,"Implementation of standardized protocols in neurooncology during the surgical resection of brain tumors is needed to advance the clinical treatment paradigms that use tissue for diagnosis, prognosis, bio-banking, and treatment. Currently recommendations on intraoperative tissue procurement only exist for diffuse gliomas but management of other brain tumor subtypes can also benefit from these protocols. Fresh tissue from surgical resection can now be used for intraoperative diagnostics and functional precision medicine assays. A multidisciplinary neuro-oncology perspective is critical to develop the best avenues for practical standardization. This perspective from the multidisciplinary Oncology Tissue Advisory Board (OTAB) discusses current advances, future directions, and the imperative of adopting standardized protocols for diverse brain tumor entities. There is a growing need for consistent operating room practices to enhance patient care, streamline research efforts, and optimize outcomes."
1478,brain tumour,39376687,A case of spontaneous bilateral epidural hematoma associated with decreased coagulation factor XII activity: case report and literature review.,"Epidural hematoma typically manifests following craniocerebral trauma, stemming from injury to the meningeal artery or venous system, predominantly on one side. Instances of spontaneous epidural hematoma are uncommon, with occurrences of spontaneous bilateral epidural hematoma being exceedingly rare. Sickle cell disease, adjacent paranasal sinusitis, and tumor metastases are the most prevalent causes of spontaneous epidural hematoma. This case study presents an individual with abdominal liposarcoma exhibiting reduced coagulation factor XII activity, who experienced sudden unconsciousness due to spontaneous acute bilateral epidural hematoma, and subsequently achieved a favorable outcome following surgical intervention."
1479,brain tumour,39376542,The digital twin in neuroscience: from theory to tailored therapy.,"Digital twins enable simulation, comprehensive analysis and predictions, as virtual representations of physical systems. They are also finding increasing interest and application in the healthcare sector, with a particular focus on digital twins of the brain. We discuss how digital twins in neuroscience enable the modeling of brain functions and pathology as they offer an in-silico approach to studying the brain and illustrating the complex relationships between brain network dynamics and related functions. To showcase the capabilities of digital twinning in neuroscience we demonstrate how the impact of brain tumors on the brain's physical structures and functioning can be modeled in relation to the philosophical concept of plasticity. Against this technically derived backdrop, which assumes that the brain's nonlinear behavior toward improvement and repair can be modeled and predicted based on MRI data, we further explore the philosophical insights of Catherine Malabou. Malabou emphasizes the brain's dual capacity for adaptive and destructive plasticity. We will discuss in how far Malabou's ideas provide a more holistic theoretical framework for understanding how digital twins can model the brain's response to injury and pathology, embracing Malabou's concept of both adaptive and destructive plasticity which provides a framework to address such yet incomputable aspects of neuroscience and the sometimes seemingly unfavorable dynamics of neuroplasticity helping to bridge the gap between theoretical research and clinical practice."
1480,brain tumour,39376179,Significant improvement of ganglion cell complex in optical coherence tomography and photopic negative response in electroretinography after transsphenoidal resection of pituitary macroadenoma.,Not required for Clinical Vignette.
1481,brain tumour,39376094,Spinal Diffuse Midline Glioma ,"Diffuse midline glioma, "
1482,brain tumour,39375998,A clinically feasible algorithm for the parallel detection of glioma-associated copy number variation markers based on shallow whole genome sequencing.,"Molecular features are incorporated into the integrated diagnostic system for adult diffuse gliomas. Of these, copy number variation (CNV) markers, including both arm-level (1p/19q codeletion, +7/-10 signature) and gene-level (EGFR gene amplification, CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion) changes, have revolutionized the diagnostic paradigm by updating the subtyping and grading schemes. Shallow whole genome sequencing (sWGS) has been widely used for CNV detection due to its cost-effectiveness and versatility. However, the parallel detection of glioma-associated CNV markers using sWGS has not been optimized in a clinical setting. Herein, we established a model-based approach to classify the CNV status of glioma-associated diagnostic markers with a single test. To enhance its clinical utility, we carried out hypothesis testing model-based analysis through the estimation of copy ratio fluctuation level, which was implemented individually and independently and, thus, avoided the necessity for normal controls. Besides, the customization of required minimal tumor fraction (TF) was evaluated and recommended for each glioma-associated marker to ensure robust classification. As a result, with 1× sequencing depth and 0.05 TF, arm-level CNVs could be reliably detected with at least 99.5% sensitivity and specificity. For EGFR gene amplification and CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion, the corresponding TF limits were 0.15 and 0.45 to ensure the evaluation metrics were both higher than 97%. Furthermore, we applied the algorithm to an independent glioma cohort and observed the expected sample distribution and prognostic stratification patterns. In conclusion, we provide a clinically applicable algorithm to classify the CNV status of glioma-associated markers in parallel."
1483,brain tumour,39375977,Postoperative Injection of a Triptolide-Preloaded Hydrogel Prevents the Recurrence of Glioblastoma by Dual-Pathway Activation of Ferroptosis.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence leads to high mortality, which remains a major concern in clinical therapy. Herein, an injectable triptolide (TP)-preloaded hydrogel (TP@DNH) accompanied by a postoperative injection strategy is developed to prevent the recurrence of GBM. With a potential inhibitor of the NRF2/SLC7A11/GPX4 axis, it is demonstrated that TP can deactivate glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) from the source of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, thereby activating ferroptosis in GBM cells by blocking the neutralization of intracellular lipid peroxide (LPO). Based on acid-sensitive Fe"
1484,brain tumour,39375818,Preparation of a nanoemulsion containing active ingredients of cannabis extract and its application for glioblastoma: in vitro and in vivo studies.,"Recently, the anti-tumor effects of cannabis extract on various cancers have attracted the attention of researchers. Here, we report a nanoemulsion (NE) composition designed to enhance the delivery of two active components in cannabis extracts (∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD)) in an animal model of glioblastoma. The efficacy of the NE containing the two drugs (NED) was compared with the bulk drugs and carrier (NE without the drugs) using the C6 tumor model in rats. Hemocompatibility factors (RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, PPP, PT and PTT) were studied to determine the potential in vivo toxicity of NED. The optimized NED with mean ± SD diameter 29 ± 6 nm was obtained. It was shown that by administering the drugs in the form of NED, the hemocompatibility increased. Cytotoxicity studies indicated that the NE without the active components (i.e. mixture of surfactants and oil) was the most cytotoxic group, while the bulk group had no toxicity. From the in vivo MRI and survival studies, the NED group had maximum efficacy (with ~4 times smaller tumor volume on day 7 of treatment, compared with the control. Also, survival time of the control, bulk drug, NE and NED were 9, 4, 12.5 and 51 days, respectively) with no important adverse effects. In conclusion, the NE containing cannabis extract could be introduced as an effective treatment in reducing brain glioblastoma tumor progression."
1485,brain tumour,39375809,-New frontiers in domain-inspired radiomics and radiogenomics: increasing role of molecular diagnostics in CNS tumor classification and grading following WHO CNS-5 updates.,"Gliomas and Glioblastomas represent a significant portion of central nervous system (CNS) tumors associated with high mortality rates and variable prognosis. In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) updated its Glioma classification criteria, most notably incorporating molecular markers including CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion, TERT promoter mutation, EGFR amplification, + 7/-10 chromosome copy number changes, and others into the grading and classification of adult and pediatric Gliomas. The inclusion of these markers and the corresponding introduction of new Glioma subtypes has allowed for more specific tailoring of clinical interventions and has inspired a new wave of Radiogenomic studies seeking to leverage medical imaging information to explore the diagnostic and prognostic implications of these new biomarkers. Radiomics, deep learning, and combined approaches have enabled the development of powerful computational tools for MRI analysis correlating imaging characteristics with various molecular biomarkers integrated into the updated WHO CNS-5 guidelines. Recent studies have leveraged these methods to accurately classify Gliomas in accordance with these updated molecular-based criteria based solely on non-invasive MRI, demonstrating the great promise of Radiogenomic tools. In this review, we explore the relative benefits and drawbacks of these computational frameworks and highlight the technical and clinical innovations presented by recent studies in the landscape of fast evolving molecular-based Glioma subtyping. Furthermore, the potential benefits and challenges of incorporating these tools into routine radiological workflows, aiming to enhance patient care and optimize clinical outcomes in the evolving field of CNS tumor management, have been highlighted."
1486,brain tumour,39375795,Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies a subtype of FN1 + tumor-associated macrophages associated with glioma recurrence and as a biomarker for immunotherapy.,"Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor in the brain, and even with standard treatments including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the long-term survival rate of patients remains unsatisfactory. Recurrence is one of the leading causes of death in glioma patients. The molecular mechanisms underlying glioma recurrence remain unclear."
1487,brain tumour,39375777,In vivo perturb-seq of cancer and microenvironment cells dissects oncologic drivers and radiotherapy responses in glioblastoma.,"Genetic perturbation screens with single-cell readouts have enabled rich phenotyping of gene function and regulatory networks. These approaches have been challenging in vivo, especially in adult disease models such as cancer, which include mixtures of malignant and microenvironment cells. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal cancer, and methods of systematically interrogating gene function and therapeutic targets in vivo, especially in combination with standard of care treatment such as radiotherapy, are lacking."
1488,brain tumour,39375741,Role of scaffold proteins in the heterogeneity of glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GB) is a highly heterogeneous type of incurable brain cancer with a low survival rate. Intensive ongoing research has identified several potential targets; however, GB is marred by the activation of multiple pathways, and thus common targets are highly sought. The signal regulatory scaffold IQGAP1 is an oncoprotein implicated in GB. IQGAP1 nucleates a myriad of pathways in a contextual manner and modulates many of the targets altered in GB like MAPK, NF-κB, and mTOR/PI3K/Akt1, thus positioning it as a plausible common therapeutic target. Here, we review the targets that are subjects of GB treatment clinical trials and the commonly used animal models that facilitate target identification. We propose a model in which the dysfunction of various IQGAP1 pathways can explain to a larger extent some of the GB heterogeneity and offer a platform for personalized medicine."
1489,brain tumour,39375580,Anti-NMDAR encephalitis with delayed ovarian teratoma in a young woman: a case report with 5 years of follow-up.,"Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder with a variety of clinical manifestations. It has been established that anti-NMDAR encephalitis may be related to ovarian teratoma in female patients. However, a considerable number of patients have no obvious evidence of ovarian teratoma during the onset of the disease."
1490,brain tumour,39375429,Detection and isolation of brain tumors in cancer patients using neural network techniques in MRI images.,"MRI imaging primarily focuses on the soft tissues of the human body, typically performed prior to a patient's transfer to the surgical suite for a medical procedure. However, utilizing MRI images for tumor diagnosis is a time-consuming process. To address these challenges, a new method for automatic brain tumor diagnosis was developed, employing a combination of image segmentation, feature extraction, and classification techniques to isolate the specific region of interest in an MRI image corresponding to a brain tumor. The proposed method in this study comprises five distinct steps. Firstly, image pre-processing is conducted, utilizing various filters to enhance image quality. Subsequently, image thresholding is applied to facilitate segmentation. Following segmentation, feature extraction is performed, analyzing morphological and structural properties of the images. Then, feature selection is carried out using principal component analysis (PCA). Finally, classification is performed using an artificial neural network (ANN). In total, 74 unique features were extracted from each image, resulting in a dataset of 144 observations. Principal component analysis was employed to select the top 8 most effective features. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) leverage comprehensive data and selective knowledge. Consequently, the proposed approach was evaluated and compared with alternative methods, resulting in significant improvements in precision, accuracy, and F1 score. The proposed method demonstrated notable increases in accuracy, with improvements of 99.3%, 97.3%, and 98.5% in accuracy, Sensitivity and F1 score. These findings highlight the efficiency of this approach in accurately segmenting and classifying MRI images."
1491,brain tumour,39375408,Gut microbiota causally impacts adrenal function: a two-sample mendelian randomization study.,"Some studies have reported that the gut microbiota can influence adrenal-related hormone levels. However, the causal effects of the gut microbiota on adrenal function remain unknown. Therefore, we employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to systematically investigate the impact of gut microbiota on the function of different regions of the adrenal gland. The summary statistics for gut microbiota and adrenal-related hormones used in the two-sample MR analysis were derived from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In the MR analysis, inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the primary method, with MR-Egger, weighted median, and cML-MA serving as supplementary methods for causal inference. Sensitivity analyses such as the MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran's Q test, and leave-one-out analysis were used to assess pleiotropy and heterogeneity. We identified 27 causal relationships between 23 gut microbiota and adrenal function using the IVW method. Among these, Sellimonas enhanced the function of the adrenal cortex reticularis zone (beta = 0.008, 95% CI: 0.002-0.013, P = 0.0057). The cML-MA method supported our estimate (beta = 0.009, 95% CI: 0.004-0.013, P = 2 × 10"
1492,brain tumour,39375303,Vorasidenib: First Approval.,Vorasidenib (VORANIGO
1493,brain tumour,39375229,Regulation of autophagy by non-coding RNAs in human glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma, a lethal form of brain cancer, poses substantial challenges in treatment due to its aggressive nature and resistance to standard therapies like radiation and chemotherapy. Autophagy has a crucial role in glioblastoma progression by supporting cellular homeostasis and promoting survival under stressful conditions. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play diverse biological roles including, gene regulation, chromatin remodeling, and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Emerging evidence reveals the intricate regulatory mechanisms of autophagy orchestrated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in glioblastoma. The diverse roles of these ncRNAs in regulating crucial autophagy-related pathways, including AMPK/mTOR signaling, the PI3K/AKT pathway, Beclin1, and other autophagy-triggering system regulation, sheds light on ncRNAs biological mechanisms in the proliferation, invasion, and therapy response of glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, the clinical implications of targeting ncRNA-regulated autophagy as a promising therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma treatment are in the spotlight of ongoing studies. In this review, we delve into our current understanding of how ncRNAs regulate autophagy in glioblastoma, with a specific focus on microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), and their intricate interplay with therapy response."
1494,brain tumour,39375047,Therapeutic advantage of combinatorial CAR T cell and chemo-therapies.,"Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have transformed outcomes for many patients with hematological malignancies. However, some patients do not respond to CAR T cell treatment, and adapting CAR T cells for solid and brain tumors has been met with many challenges including a hostile tumor microenvironment and poor CAR T cell persistence. Thus, it is unlikely that CAR T cell therapy alone will be sufficient for consistent, complete tumor clearance across cancer patients. Combinatorial therapies of CAR T cells and chemotherapeutics are a promising approach for overcoming this as chemotherapeutics could augment CAR T cells for improved anti-tumor activity or work in tandem with CAR T cells to clear tumors. Herein, we review efforts towards achieving successful CAR T cell and chemical drug combination therapies. We focus on combination therapies with approved chemotherapeutics as these will be more easily translated to the clinic, but also review non-approved chemotherapeutics and drug screens designed to reveal promising new CAR T cell and chemical drug combinations. Together, this review highlights the promise of CAR T cell and chemotherapy combinations with specific focus on how combinatorial therapy overcomes challenges faced by either monotherapy and supports the potential of this therapeutic strategy to improve outcomes for cancer patients. "
1495,brain tumour,39374844,Diagnosis and management of pituitary adenomas in children and adolescents.,Pituitary adenomas (PAs)-also now called pituitary neuroendocrine tumours or Pit-NETS-are rare in children and adolescents and exceptional below the age of 10. Most evidence-based high-quality data are derived from larger studies in adult patients.
1496,brain tumour,39374840,"Impacts of linseed oil diet on anxiety and memory extinction after early life stress: A sex-specific analysis of mitochondrial dysfunction, astrocytic markers, and inflammation in the amygdala.","Early exposure to stressors affects how the organism reacts to stimuli, its emotional state throughout life, and how it deals with emotional memories. Consequently, it may affect susceptibility to psychopathology later in life. We used an animal model of early stress by maternal separation to study its potential impact on the extinction of aversive memories and anxiety-like behavior in adulthood, as well as its effects on mitochondrial functionality, inflammatory and astrocytic markers in the amygdala. We also assessed whether a diet enriched with linseed oil, known for its high content in omega-3 fats, could be used to attenuate the behavioral and neurochemical effects of early stress. Litters of Wistar rats were divided into controls (intact) or subjected to maternal separation (MS). They were subdivided into two groups receiving isocaloric diets enriched in soy or linseed oils at weaning. In adulthood, the animals were exposed to the open field and the elevated plus maze, to evaluate exploratory activity and anxiety-like behavior. They were also trained in a context of fear conditioning, and afterward subjected to an extinction session, followed by a test session to evaluate the extinction memory. Amygdalae were evaluated for inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor-necrose factor (TNF)-alpha), mitochondrial functionality, and astrocyte markers (glial fibrillary acidic protein - GFAP, S100B, and glutamine synthetase activity). MS induced anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus-maze, which was reversed by a diet enriched in linseed oil offered from weaning. When testing the memory of an extinction session of fear conditioning, MS animals showed more freezing behavior. MS males receiving a linseed oil-enriched diet had lower functional mitochondria in the amygdala. In addition, MS led to increased inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-1beta, and the diet enriched in linseed oil further increased these levels in MS animals. MS also increased S100B levels. These results point to a higher emotionality presented by MS animals, with higher levels of inflammatory cytokines and S100B. While a diet enriched in linseed oil attenuated anxiety-like behavior, it further altered amygdala IL-1beta and reduced mitochondria functionality, particularly in males. MS also increased glutamine synthetase activity in the amygdala, and this effect was higher when the animals received a diet enriched in linseed oil, particularly in females. In conclusion, these results point to MS effects on emotional behavior, and neurochemical alterations in the amygdala, with sex-specific effects. Although a diet enriched in linseed oil appears to be able to reverse some of MS behavioral effects, these results must be considered with caution, since biochemical parameters could be worsened in MS animals receiving a linseed oil-enriched diet. This knowledge is important for the understanding of mechanisms of action of strategies aiming to reverse early stress effects, and future studies are warranted to determine possible interventions to promote resilience."
1497,brain tumour,39374818,Nanosystems for targeted drug Delivery: Innovations and challenges in overcoming the Blood-Brain barrier for neurodegenerative disease and cancer therapy.,"The evolution of sophisticated nanosystems has revolutionized biomedicine, notably in treating neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. These systems show potential in delivering medication precisely to affected tissues, improving treatment effectiveness while minimizing side effects. Nevertheless, a major hurdle in targeted drug delivery is breaching the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a selective shield separating the bloodstream from the brain and spinal cord. The tight junctions between endothelial cells in brain capillaries create a formidable physical barrier, alongside efflux transporters that expel harmful molecules. This presents a notable challenge for brain drug delivery. Nanosystems present distinct advantages in overcoming BBB challenges, offering enhanced drug efficacy, reduced side effects, improved stability, and controlled release. Despite their promise, challenges persist, such as the BBB's regional variability hindering uniform drug distribution. Efflux transporters can also limit therapeutic agent efficacy, while nanosystem toxicity necessitates rigorous safety evaluations. Understanding the long-term impact of nanomaterials on the brain remains crucial. Additionally, addressing nanosystem scalability, cost-effectiveness, and safety profiles is vital for widespread clinical implementation. This review delves into the advancements and obstacles of advanced nanosystems in targeted drug delivery for neurodegenerative diseases and cancer therapy, with a focus on overcoming the BBB."
1498,brain tumour,26389498,Childhood Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors Treatment (PDQ®): Health Professional Version,"This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the treatment of childhood central nervous system germ cell tumors. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians in the care of their patients. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions. This summary is reviewed regularly and updated as necessary by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board, which is editorially independent of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or the National Institutes of Health (NIH)."
1499,brain tumour,39373720,BMP2 and BMP7 cooperate with H3.3K27M to promote quiescence and invasiveness in pediatric diffuse midline gliomas.,"Pediatric diffuse midline gliomas (pDMG) are an aggressive type of childhood cancer with a fatal outcome. Their major epigenetic determinism has become clear, notably with the identification of K27M mutations in histone H3. However, the synergistic oncogenic mechanisms that induce and maintain tumor cell phenotype have yet to be deciphered. In 20 to 30% of cases, these tumors have an altered BMP signaling pathway with an oncogenic mutation on the BMP type I receptor ALK2, encoded by "
1500,brain tumour,39373372,Mental wellness and health-related quality of life of young adult survivors of childhood cancer in Singapore.,"Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at risk of experiencing psychological distress years after completing cancer treatments. We aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors affecting psychological distress and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among CCS in Singapore, and compare with their siblings without a history of or existing cancer as control."
1501,brain tumour,39373211,EZH2 functional dichotomy in reactive oxygen species-stratified glioblastoma.,"EZH2, well-known for its canonical methyltransferase activity in transcriptional repression in many cancers including glioblastoma (GBM), has an understudied non-canonical function critical for sustained tumor growth. Recent GBM consortial efforts reveal complex molecular heterogeneity for which therapeutic vulnerabilities correlated with subtype stratification remain relatively unexplored. Current enzymatic EZH2 inhibitors (EZH2inh) targeting its canonical SET domain show limited efficacy and lack durable response, suggesting that underlying differences in the non-canonical pathway may yield new knowledge. Here, we unveiled dual roles of the EZH2 CXC domain in therapeutically-distinct, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-stratified tumors."
1502,brain tumour,39373001,Rosai-Dorfman sphenoorbital histiocytosis with intraparenchymal invasion: Do we have to consider this skull base pathology as a malignant disease?,"Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare type of histiocytosis that can manifest with diverse symptoms. It usually presents with systemic involvement, and only a few cases have been reported at the level of the skull base. RDD typically follows a benign course during the progression of the disease. In this particular case reported, after the skull base invasion, the disease started to infiltrate the brain parenchyma. Our objective for this case report was to present this particular progression pattern and the nuances of its surgical treatment. In addition, a revision of the current literature was performed about skull base RDD with intracranial invasion and brain parenchyma infiltration not previously described."
1503,brain tumour,39373000,3D ultrasound-augmented image guidance for surgery of high-grade gliomas - A quantitative analysis focused on the extent of resection.,We have retrospectively reviewed our series of brain tumor patients operated on using 3D IntraOperative UltraSound (IOUS) to report technical advantages and areas of improvement.
1504,brain tumour,39372983,A case of immunocompetent intracranial cryptococcoma in which intraoperative rapid pathological diagnosis and polymerase chain reaction led to early treatment: What to know to avoid misdiagnosis as brain tumor.,"Cryptococcal infections of the central nervous system are infrequent in immunocompetent hosts and usually present as meningitis. However, a fungal mass called a cryptococcoma may form, requiring caution in therapeutic intervention. Here, we report a rare case in which treatment of intraventricular cryptococcoma in an immunocompetent patient was facilitated by rapid pathological diagnosis."
1505,brain tumour,39372867,Feasibility study of dual-accelerated simultaneous multi-slice imaging in diffusion tensor imaging of glioma.,To explore the value of dual-accelerated simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) imaging in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of glioma.
1506,brain tumour,39372865,Enhancing brain tumor detection: a novel CNN approach with advanced activation functions for accurate medical imaging analysis.,"Brain tumors are characterized by abnormal cell growth within or around the brain, posing severe health risks often associated with high mortality rates. Various imaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are commonly employed to visualize the brain and identify malignant growths. Computer-aided diagnosis tools (CAD) utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have proven effective in feature extraction and predictive analysis across diverse medical imaging modalities."
1507,brain tumour,39372816,Brain tumor grade classification using the ConvNext architecture.,"Brain tumor grade is an important aspect of brain tumor diagnosis and helps to plan for treatment. Traditional methods of diagnosis, including biopsy and manual examination of medical images, are either invasive or may result in inaccurate diagnoses. This study proposes a brain tumor grade classification technique using a modern convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture called ConvNext that inputs magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data."
1508,brain tumour,39372798,Transcriptomic Meta-analysis Identifies Long Non-Coding RNAs Mediating Zika's Oncolytic Impact in Glioblastoma Multiforme.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive and lethal form of brain cancer with few effective treatments. In this context, Zika virus has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent due to its ability to selectively infect and kill GBM cells. To elucidate these mechanisms and expand the landscape of oncolytic virotherapy, we pursued a transcriptomic meta-analysis comparing the molecular signatures of Zika infection in GBM and neuroblastoma (NBM). Over-representation analysis of dysregulated coding genes showed significant enrichment of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), NF-κB, and p53 signaling pathways. A refined list of long non-coding RNAs consistently dysregulated in Zika-infected GBMs was also developed. Functional review of these candidates revealed their potential regulatory role in Zika-mediated oncolysis. We performed validation of the less-researched targets in adult and pediatric GBM cell lines and found significant differential regulation, as predicted. Altogether, our results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of Zika on GBM. We highlight potential therapeutic targets that could be further interrogated to improve the efficacy of tumor cell death and the utility of Zika as an adjuvant virotherapy for GBM and other related cancers."
1509,brain tumour,39372751,Development of an optimized machine learning approach for assessing brain metastatic burden in preclinical models.,"Brain metastases (BrM) occur when malignant cells spread from a primary tumor located in other parts of the body to the brain. BrM is a deadly complication for cancer patients and currently lacks effective therapies. Due to the limited access to patient samples, preclinical models remain a valuable tool for studying metastasis development, progression, and response to therapy. Thus, reliable methods for quantifying metastatic burden in these models are crucial. Here, we describe step by step a new semi-automatic machine-learning approach to quantify metastatic burden on mouse whole-brain stereomicroscope images while preserving tissue integrity. This protocol utilizes the open-source, user-friendly image analysis software QuPath. The method is fast, reproducible, unbiased, and provides access to data points not always obtainable with other existing strategies."
1510,brain tumour,39372744,IMMUNE AND MOLECULAR CORRELATES OF RESPONSE TO IMMUNOTHERAPY REVEALED BY BRAIN-METASTATIC MELANOMA MODELS.,"Despite the promising results of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, outcomes for patients with brain metastasis (BrM) remain poor. Identifying resistance mechanisms has been hindered by limited access to patient samples and relevant preclinical models. Here, we developed two mouse melanoma BrM models that recapitulate the disparate responses to ICB seen in patients. We demonstrate that these models capture the cellular and molecular complexity of human disease and reveal key factors shaping the tumor microenvironment and influencing ICB response. BR1-responsive tumor cells express inflammatory programs that polarize microglia into reactive states, eliciting robust T cell recruitment. In contrast, BR3-resistant melanoma cells are enriched in neurological programs and exploit tolerance mechanisms to maintain microglia homeostasis and limit T cell infiltration. In humans, BR1 and BR3 expression signatures correlate positively or negatively with T cell infiltration and BrM patient outcomes, respectively. Our study provides clinically relevant models and uncovers mechanistic insights into BrM ICB responses, offering potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve therapy efficacy."
1511,brain tumour,39371931,The current state of MRI-based radiomics in pituitary adenoma: promising but challenging.,"In the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pituitary adenomas, MRI plays a crucial role. However, traditional manual interpretations are plagued by inter-observer variability and limitations in recognizing details. Radiomics, based on MRI, facilitates quantitative analysis by extracting high-throughput data from images. This approach elucidates correlations between imaging features and pituitary tumor characteristics, thereby establishing imaging biomarkers. Recent studies have demonstrated the extensive application of radiomics in differential diagnosis, subtype identification, consistency evaluation, invasiveness assessment, and treatment response in pituitary adenomas. This review succinctly presents the general workflow of radiomics, reviews pertinent literature with a summary table, and provides a comparative analysis with traditional methods. We further elucidate the connections between radiological features and biological findings in the field of pituitary adenoma. While promising, the clinical application of radiomics still has a considerable distance to traverse, considering the issues with reproducibility of imaging features and the significant heterogeneity in pituitary adenoma patients."
1512,brain tumour,39371891,Fueling Recovery: The Therapeutic Role of Ketogenic Diet in Neurological Pathologies.,"The ketogenic diet (KD) has gained a lot of attraction in the management of neurological disorders. KD therapies are high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets intended to shift energy consumption and metabolism from carbohydrates to fat in ketogenesis. The oxidative phosphorylation of ketone bodies generates energy packets for body cells, especially the central nervous system, replacing the role of glucose. KD can benefit multiple neurologic disorders like migraine, motor neuron disease, autism, multiple sclerosis, neuro-oncology, drug-resistant epilepsy, and neurotrauma. KD can provide significant adjuncts to limited conventional therapies, highlighting the feasibility, safety, and potential efficacy in neurology and neurosurgical disease management."
1513,brain tumour,39371709,"Interventional Radiology Awareness Among Family Physicians and General Practitioners in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia.","Background Interventional radiology (IR) utilizes minimally invasive procedures guided by imaging to diagnose and treat various conditions, offering less invasive alternatives to traditional surgery. Despite its importance, awareness among family medicine practitioners can vary, affecting patient care. While IR has advanced in Saudi Arabia, there are limited data on family medicine practitioners' understanding of IR. This study assesses awareness of IR procedures among family medicine doctors in Jazan and their perceived need for further education. Methods A cross-sectional interview-administered survey was conducted online among family medicine doctors in Jazan via social media. The survey assessed demographic data, awareness of IR procedures, self-rated knowledge, and attitudes towards IR. Participants' understanding of IR training, hospital privileges, outpatient clinics, and recognition by the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCHS) was evaluated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results Out of 395 respondents, the age distribution was as follows: 20-29 years (44.3%), 30-39 years (32.9%), and 40 years or older (22.8%). Gender distribution was as follows: females (44.6%) and males (55.4%). Specialties included family medicine consultants (10.6%), residents (32.4%), specialists (22.8%), and general practitioners (34.2%). Awareness of IR procedures varied: uterine fibroid embolization (58.7%), coronary angiography (57.5%), vascular angioplasty (63.5%), radiofrequency ablation (61.3%), peripheral vascular bypass (61.8%), brain biopsy (56.2%), nephrostomy tube placement (59.5%), varicose veins treatment (63.0%), and cystoscopic tumor resection (54.7%). Self-rated knowledge was as follows: poor (46.8%), adequate (27.1%), good (15.7%), and excellent (10.4%). Most believed that interventional radiologists' training was in radiology (62.8%), with fewer attributing it to vascular surgery (20.5%) or a combination (16.7%). Regarding privileges and facilities, 248 (62.8%) reported hospital admitting privileges for IRs, 251 (63.5%) reported outpatient clinics, and 45 (11.4%) were unsure about admitting privileges. SCHS recognition was confirmed by 267 (67.6%). Referrals to IRs were made by 283 (71.6%), and 260 (65.8%) would increase referrals with more knowledge. The perceived benefit of additional education was as follows: no benefit (48.4%), some benefit (30.6%), and significant benefit (21.0%). Conclusion The study reveals gaps in awareness and knowledge of IR among family medicine doctors in Jazan. While there is recognition of IR's value and a willingness to refer patients, variations in knowledge highlight the need for targeted educational interventions. Improving education on IR could enhance integration into patient care and optimize outcomes."
1514,brain tumour,39371551,Metabolomic characterization of human glioblastomas and patient plasma: a pilot study.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a clinically challenging primary brain tumor with poor survival outcome despite surgical resection and intensive chemoradiation. The metabolic heterogeneity of GBM can become biomarkers for treatment response, resistance, and outcome prediction. The aim of the study is to investigate metabolic distinctions between primary and recurrent GBM tissue and patient plasma to establish feasibility for metabolic profiling."
1515,brain tumour,39371095,Intraoperative glioblastoma surgery-current challenges and clinical trials: An update.,"Surgical excision is an important part of the multimodal therapy strategy for patients with glioblastoma, a very aggressive and invasive brain tumor. While major advances in surgical methods and technology have been accomplished, numerous hurdles remain in the field of glioblastoma surgery. The purpose of this literature review is to offer a thorough overview of the current challenges in glioblastoma surgery. We reviewed the difficulties associated with tumor identification and visualization, resection extent, neurological function preservation, tumor margin evaluation, and inclusion of sophisticated imaging and navigation technology. Understanding and resolving these challenges is critical in order to improve surgical results and, ultimately, patient survival."
1516,brain tumour,39371093,Co-culture models for investigating cellular crosstalk in the glioma microenvironment.,"Glioma is the most prevalent primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system (CNS). It represents a diverse group of brain malignancies characterized by the presence of various cancer cell types as well as an array of noncancerous cells, which together form the intricate glioma tumor microenvironment (TME). Understanding the interactions between glioma cells/glioma stem cells (GSCs) and these noncancerous cells is crucial for exploring the pathogenesis and development of glioma. To invesigate these interactions requires "
1517,brain tumour,39371035,CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2017-2021.,"The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Cancer Institute, is the largest population-based registry focused exclusively on primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the United States (US) and represents the entire US population. This report contains the most up-to-date population-based data on primary brain tumors available and supersedes all previous reports in terms of completeness and accuracy. All rates are age-adjusted using the 2000 US standard population and presented per 100,000 population. Between 2017 and 2021, the average annual age-adjusted incidence rate (AAAIR) of all primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors was 25.34 per 100,000 population (malignant AAAIR=6.89 and non-malignant AAAIR=18.46). This overall rate was higher in females compared to males (28.77 versus 21.78 per 100,000) and non-Hispanic Black persons compared to persons who were non-Hispanic White (26.60 versus 25.72 per 100,000), non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native (23.48 per 100,000), non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander (19.86 per 100,000), and Hispanic persons of all races (22.37 per 100,000). Gliomas accounted for 22.9% of all tumors. The most commonly occurring malignant brain and other CNS histopathology was glioblastoma (13.9% of all tumors and 51.5% of all malignant tumors), and the most common predominantly non-malignant histopathology was meningioma (41.7% of all tumors and 56.8% of all non-malignant tumors). Glioblastomas were more common in males, and meningiomas were more common in females. In children and adolescents (ages 0-19 years), the incidence rate of all primary brain and other CNS tumors was 6.02 per 100,000 population. There were 87,053 deaths attributed to malignant brain and other CNS tumors between 2017 and 2021. This represents an average annual mortality rate of 4.41 per 100,000 population and an average of 17,411 deaths per year. The five-year relative survival rate following diagnosis of a malignant brain or other CNS tumor was 35.7%. For a non-malignant brain or other CNS tumor the five-year relative survival rate was 92.0%."
1518,brain tumour,39370424,EPO modified MSCs protects SH-SY5Y cells against ischemia/hypoxia-induced apoptosis via REST-dependent epigenetic remodeling.,"Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a diffuse brain tissue injury caused by acute ischemia and hypoxia, and it is most commonly found in newborn infants but can also occur in adults. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies have showed improved outcomes for treating HIE-induced neuronal defects. However, many key issues associated with poor cell viability and tolerance of grafted MSCs after HIE remain to be resolved. Genetic engineering could endow MSCs with more robust regenerative capacities. Our research, along with that of other scientists, has found that the expression of intracellular erythropoietin (EPO) in human umbilical cord MSCs (hUC-MSCs) increases proportionally with the duration of hypoxia exposure. Furthermore, we observed that EPO, when introduced into the EPO gene-modified hUC-MSCs, can be secreted into the extracellular space. However, the underlying mechanisms that support the neuroprotective effects of EPO-MSCs remain unclear. EPO-MSCs, hUC-MSCs, and NC-MSCs were identified by flow cytometry, osteogenic, and adipogenic differentiation assays. The oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced SH-SY5Y cell-line was established, and five groups were set up: control, 24-h ischemia-hypoxia, co-cultured with hUC-MSCs, NC-MSCs, and EPO-MSCs after hypoxia. LEGENDplex™ multi-factor flow cytometry was used to detect the secretion of inflammatory factors in cell supernatants and cerebrospinal fluid. Chromosome-targeted excision and tagging (CUT&Tag) sequencing was applied to detect genomic H3K4me2 modifications, and conjoint analysis with transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed. Lentiviral vector infection was used to construct SH-SY5Y cells with stable knockdown of RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST), and flow cytometry was used to detect alterations in apoptosis. Finally, the molecular mechanism underlying the neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic effects of EPO-MSCs was investigated using RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, and western blot assays. Our results suggest that EPO-MSCs are genetically engineered to secrete significantly more EPO. EPO-MSCs treatment has anti-apoptotic properties and offers neuronal protection during ischemic-hypoxic injury. Furthermore, RNA-seq results suggest that multiple inflammation-related genes were down-regulated after EPO-MSCs treatment. Application of RNA-seq and CUT&Tag combined analysis found that the expressions of REST were significantly up-regulated. Lentiviral vector infection to construct REST knockdown SH-SY5Y failed to rescue apoptosis after hypoxia and co-culture with EPO-MSCs, and SETD2-mediated H3K36me3 protein level expression was reduced. EPO-MSCs may promote neuronal survival by affecting H3K4me2 and thus activating the expression of REST and TET3. EPO-MSCs also upregulated the modification level of SETD2-mediated H3K36me3 and regulated the expression of inflammation-related genes such as PLCG2, as well as apoptosis genes BCL2A1. To investigate the neuroprotective effects of EPO-modified hUC-MSCs and the underlying epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, this study aims to provide a theoretical foundation for the potential application of EPO gene-modified hUC-MSCs in the treatment of HIE."
1519,brain tumour,39370091,Tuning a bioengineered hydrogel for studying astrocyte reactivity in glioblastoma.,"Astrocytes play many essential roles in the central nervous system (CNS) and are altered significantly in disease. These reactive astrocytes contribute to neuroinflammation and disease progression in many pathologies, including glioblastoma (GB), an aggressive form of brain cancer. Current in vitro platforms do not allow for accurate modeling of reactive astrocytes. In this study, we sought to engineer a simple bioengineered hydrogel platform that would support the growth of primary human astrocytes and allow for accurate analysis of various reactive states. After validating this platform using morphological analysis and qPCR, we then used the platform to begin investigating how astrocytes respond to GB derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and soluble factors (SF). These studies reveal that EVs and SFs induce distinct astrocytic states. In future studies, this platform can be used to study how astrocytes transform the tumor microenvironment in GB and other diseases of the CNS. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Recent work has shown that astrocytes help maintain brain homeostasis and may contribute to disease progression in diseases such as glioblastoma (GB), a deadly primary brain cancer. In vitro models allow researchers to study basic mechanisms of astrocyte biology in healthy and diseased conditions, however current in vitro systems do not accurately mimic the native brain microenvironment. In this study, we show that our hydrogel system supports primary human astrocyte culture with an accurate phenotype and allows us to study how astrocytes change in response to a variety of inflammatory signals in GB. This platform could be used further investigate astrocyte behavior and possible therapeutics that target reactive astrocytes in GB and other brain diseases."
1520,brain tumour,39369972,Clinical exome sequencing data from patients with inborn errors of immunity: Cohort level diagnostic yield and the benefit of systematic reanalysis.,"While next generation sequencing has expanded the scientific understanding of Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI), the clinical use and re-use of exome sequencing is still emerging. We revisited clinical exome data from 1300 IEI patients using an updated in silico IEI gene panel. Variants were classified and curated through expert review. The molecular diagnostic yield after standard exome analysis was 11.8 %. Through systematic reanalysis, we identified variants of interest in 5.2 % of undiagnosed patients, with 76.7 % being (candidate) disease-causing, providing a (candidate) diagnosis in 15.2 % of our cohort. We find a 1.7 percentage point increase in conclusive molecular diagnoses. We find a high degree of actionability in patients with a genetic diagnosis (76.4 %). Despite the modest absolute diagnostic gain, these data support the benefit of iterative exome reanalysis in IEI patients, conveying the notion that our current understanding of genes and variants involved in IEI is by far not saturated."
1521,brain tumour,39369921,Antinociceptive and antineuropathic effects of Trifolium resupinatum L. on formalin-induced nociception and cervical spinal cord hemi-contusion: Underlying Mechanisms.,"Trifolium resupinatum L. (Fabaceae), known as Persian clover, ethnomedicinally used in Persian folk medicine to treat peritoneal inflammation, rheumatism, and back pain."
1522,brain tumour,39369843,AP-2α decreases TMZ resistance of recurrent GBM by downregulating MGMT expression and improving DNA damage.,"The incidence of recurrent gliomas is high, exerting low survival rates and poor prognoses. Transcription factor AP-2α has been reported to regulate the progression of primary glioblastoma (GBM). However, the function of AP-2α in recurrent gliomas is largely unclear."
1523,brain tumour,39369790,Long-Term Survival Outcomes With First-Line Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab-Based Treatment in Patients With Metastatic NSCLC and Tumor Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Lower Than 1%: A Pooled Analysis.,"Nivolumab plus ipilimumab-based treatment regimens have shown long-term, durable efficacy benefits in patients with metastatic NSCLC. Here we report clinical outcomes from a pooled analysis of patients with metastatic NSCLC and tumor programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) lower than 1% treated with first-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab with or without two cycles of chemotherapy versus up to four cycles of chemotherapy in the randomized phase 3 CheckMate 227 and CheckMate 9LA studies."
1524,brain tumour,39369443,Natural sesquiterpene zingiberene exerts ameliorative effects on growth of glioblastoma cells by instigating ROS mediated apoptosis.,"Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive and invasive primary brain tumor in adults and its prognosis and survival rate remain poor. Despite substantial improvements in therapy, the 5-year survival rate of glioblastoma patients remains low. Sesquiterpenes have previously been found to be effective in inhibiting the proliferation and growth of breast, gastric and lung cancer cells. Owing to their efficacy, sesquiterpenes have been used in various clinical trials. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer efficacy of a well-known sesquiterpene, Zingiberene, isolated from Zingiber officinale in C6 glioblastoma cells. Zingiberene suppresses the growth and proliferation of C6 cells. Upon treatment of C6 cells with zingiberene, nuclear fragmentation and ROS were qualitatively enhanced compared to untreated control cells. The levels of caspase-3 were also significantly reduced (p<0.01), with a concomitant decline in the mRNA expression of Bax and Bcl-2. On the basis of molecular docking studies, Zingiberene demonstrated good binding energy score of -6.8 and -5.5 Kcal/mol towards Bax and Bcl-2 proteins, respectively. Based on these observations, it was inferred that zingiberene has potential as a plausible therapeutic agent against glioblastoma cells. Detailed mechanistic studies are needed to substantiate and establish the anticancer effects of zingiberene against glioblastoma cells."
1525,brain tumour,39369379,[Difficulties of treating acromegaly in the light of 12 years of experience].,"Az acromegaliás betegek várható túlélése, életminősége rosszabb, mint az egészséges populációé. Ennek hátterében a diagnózis késése és a műtét után is sokszor megmaradó acromegalia-aktivitás áll. Így esetükben különösen fontos a gyors, hatékony és egyénre szabott endokrinológiai kezelés és gondozás. 1965-ös születésű nőbetegünket 2008 óta gondozták tenziós jellegű fejfájás miatt. 2012-ben sella-MR-vizsgálat 13 mm-es hypophysis-macroadenomát igazolt, melynek teljes, transsphenoidalis műtéti eltávolítása megtörtént. A szövettani vizsgálat somatrotrop adenomát mutatott. Posztoperatív orális glükóztolerancia-teszt során biokémiailag aktív acromegaliát észleltünk negatív sella-MR-kép mellett, így dopaminagonista kezelés indult, majd az inzulinszerű növekedési faktor-1 emelkedő szintje és fokozódó fejfájás miatt első generációs szomatosztatinreceptorligand (SRL)-kezelésre tértünk át. Új keletű cukorbetegség miatt a beteg biguanid-, majd izulinterápiát igényelt. Progrediáló panaszok miatt növekedésihormonreceptor-antagonista kezelésre váltottunk, mely részleges betegségkontrollt eredményezett, és nem változtak a páciens életminőségét jelentősen rontó fejfájásos panaszok sem. Ezért egy évtizednyi terápiás próbálkozás után a fennálló diabetes mellitus ellenére második generációs SRL-kezelés mellett döntöttünk, mely a fejfájást azonnal megszüntette, és az addig aktív acromegaliát kontrollálta. A szomatosztatin-receptor (SSTR) altípusának utólagos vizsgálata domináns SSTR5-expressziót igazolt. Diabetes mellitusszal szövődött acromegalia esetén is lehet optimális terápia a pazireotid, amennyiben a daganat SSTR5-expressziót mutat. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(40): 1587–1593."
1526,brain tumour,39369365,How well can simple clinical features predict long-term language recovery after left-hemisphere glioma surgery?,"Long-term language recovery after left-hemisphere glioma surgery varies substantially across patients. We investigated how well it can be predicted using clinical variables such as the postoperative decline in language processing, tumor grade, resection volume and location, extent of resection, and intraoperative language mapping. Beyond predicting the overall recovery, we examined which domains of language processing are most prone to persistent deficits."
1527,brain tumour,39369248,Non-supratentorial YAP1- fused ependymomas: report of two cases.,No abstract found
1528,brain tumour,39369243,Proton beam therapy in a patient with secondary glioblastoma (32 years after postoperative irradiation of medulloblastoma): case report and literature review.,"This report details the experience of a patient who developed a second primary glioblastoma (GB), offering insights into the treatment process and reviewing relevant literature."
1529,brain tumour,39369231,CYRAD: a translational study assessing immune response to radiotherapy by photons or protons in postoperative head and neck cancer patients through circulating leukocyte subpopulations and cytokine levels.,"Radiotherapy has both immunostimulant and immunosuppressive effects, particularly in radiation-induced lymphopenia. Proton therapy has demonstrated potential in mitigating this lymphopenia, yet the mechanisms by which different types of radiation affect the immune system function are not fully characterized. The Circulating Immunes Cells, Cytokines and Brain Radiotherapy (CYRAD) trial aims to compare the effects of postoperative X-ray and proton radiotherapy on circulating leukocyte subpopulations and cytokine levels in patients with head and neck (CNS and ear nose throat) cancer."
1530,brain tumour,39369069,CuO nanoparticles for glioma treatment in vitro and in vivo.,"Glioma is the most prevalent malignant brain tumor in adults. The development of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) has led to the emergence of innovative therapeutic strategies for gliomas. Therefore, our aim is to investigate the therapeutic effect of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on glioma and provide data support for future research. The therapeutic effect of CuO NPs on glioma rats was explored through the detection of inflammatory factors, oxidase, pathological sections, immunofluorescence, neurotransmitter, glioma biomarker proteins and genes, and rat behavioral tests. Additionally, the application prospect of CuO NPs was evaluated by treating U87MG human glioma cell line. In this study, it was found that CuO NPs can alleviate the inflammatory reaction in the hippocampus tissue of glioma rats, promote the production of ·OH and lead to the up-regulation of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities. Treatment with CuO NPs also inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) biomarkers in model rats and glioma cells. Moreover, it enhanced the release of neurotransmitters, which subsequently improved spatial recognition and memory ability of glioma rats. In conclusion, CuO NPs is a potential glioma treatment for ENMs, but still needs modification and modification strategies to improve its biocompatibility and targeted delivery."
1531,brain tumour,39368999,Intracellular C5aR1 inhibits ferroptosis in glioblastoma through METTL3-dependent m6A methylation of GPX4.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary intracranial malignant tumor. Recent literature suggests that induction of programmed death has become a mainstream cancer treatment strategy, with ferroptosis being the most widely studied mode. Complement C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) is associated with both tumorigenesis and tumor-related immunity. However, knowledge regarding the role of C5aR1 in GBM progression is limited. In the present study, we observed significant upregulation of C5aR1 in glioma tissue. In addition, C5aR1 expression was found to be closely associated with patient prognosis and survival. Subsequent experimental verification demonstrated that C5aR1 promoted the progression of GBM mainly by suppressing ferroptosis induction, inhibiting the accumulation of lipid peroxides, and stabilizing the expression of the core antiferroptotic factor glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Aberrant N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of GPX4 mRNA contributes significantly to epigenetic tumorigenesis, and here, we report that selective methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3)-dependent m6A methylation of GPX4 plays a key role in C5AR1 knockdown-induced ferroptosis induction. Mechanistically, ERK1/2 signaling pathway activation increases the METTL3 protein abundance in GBM cells. This activation then increases the stability of METTL3-mediated m6A modifications on GPX4, enabling it to fulfill its transcriptional function. More importantly, in an intracranial xenograft mouse model, PMX205, a C5aR1 inhibitor, promoted alterations in ferroptosis in GBM cells and inhibited GBM progression. In conclusion, our findings suggest that C5aR1 inhibits ferroptosis in GBM cells and promotes MettL3-dependent GPX4 expression through ERK1/2, thereby promoting glioma progression. Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which the intracellular complement receptor C5aR1 suppresses ferroptosis induction and promotes GBM progression. These findings may facilitate the identification of a potential therapeutic target for glioma."
1532,brain tumour,39368721,"Biopolymer immune implants co-loaded with TMZ, R848 and IOX1 for perioperative therapy of glioblastoma.","Glioblastoma (GBM), a prevalent and aggressive brain tumor, poses significant treatment challenges due to its rapid progression and the difficulty in achieving complete surgical resection. The current treatment regime, primarily surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, offers limited success, with a five-year survival rate of less than 10 %. For addressing the challenges faced in the treatment of GBM, an approach using a biopolymer implant constructed with dynamic reversible covalent bonds, was designed to achieve controlled and constant-rate release of chemotherapy drug (Temozolomide, TMZ), immune adjuvant (Resiquimod, R848) and checkpoint inhibitor (5-carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline, IOX1). The safety evaluation demonstrated the biocompatibility of the implants, with no significant inflammatory response or adverse effects on various systemic organs. In vivo antitumor study showed that the local delivery of drug combination via this implant significantly inhibited tumor recurrence of orthotopic GBM. Immune analysis revealed that the combination of the three drugs effectively activated systemic antitumor immune responses and induced memory effects. The synergistic mechanism of the drug combination was further validated by RNA whole sequencing. The innovative approach of combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy in biopolymer immune implants for GBM treatment showed promising and opens new avenues for treating GBM, particularly in addressing postoperative recurrence. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Our research introduces a pioneering approach in treating orthotopic brain glioblastoma (GBM), characterized by inevitable tumor recurrence, poor immune infiltration and the restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier. To break the impasse of ineffective treatment for GBM, the innovative use of dynamically reversible covalent bonds in polymer matrix ensures the controlled, stable and sustained release of drug combinations of the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide, immune adjuvants and checkpoint inhibitors, which maintains the optimal concentration in the tumor, overcoming problems associated with conventional chemotherapy such as systemic toxicity and low tumor targeting. Empirical evidence from in vivo experiments on the rat GBM model demonstrates significant outcomes: 90 % tumor size reduction and prolonged survival with over 70 % tumor cure rate."
1533,brain tumour,39368706,Brain targeted biomimetic siRNA nanoparticles for drug resistance glioblastoma treatment.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive intracranial neoplasm, remains incurable at present, primarily due to drug resistance, which significantly contributes to elevated recurrence rates and dismal prognosis. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a critical gene closely associated with GBM drug resistance and the progression of GBM stem cells (GSCs), making it a promising therapeutic target. In this study, we developed cancer cell membrane-cloaked biomimetic nanoparticles to deliver STAT3 siRNA to reverse drug resistance in homologous GBM. These biomimetic nanoparticles leverage homotypic targeting, rapid endosome escape, and fast siRNA release, leading to efficient in vitro STAT3 knockdown in both temozolomide-resistant U251-TR cells and X01 GSCs. Moreover, benefited from the membrane functionalization, significant prolonged blood circulation, improved blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration and GBM tumor accumulation are achieved by these siRNA biomimetic nanoparticles. Importantly, these nanoparticles effectively inhibit tumor proliferation, significantly extending median survival time in orthotopic U251-TR (43.5 d versus 20 d for PBS control) and X01 GSC-bearing mouse xenografts (52 d versus 19.5 d for PBS control). Altogether, this biomimetic siRNA platform offers a promising strategy for gene therapy targeting drug-resistant GBM."
1534,brain tumour,39368608,Contemporary strategies in glioblastoma therapy: Recent developments and innovations.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents one of the most prevailing and aggressive primary brain tumors among adults. Despite advances in therapeutic approaches, the complex microenvironment of GBM poses significant challenges in its optimal therapy, which are attributed to immune evasion, tumor repopulation by stem cells, and limited drug penetration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising avenue for GBM treatment, offering biosafety, sustained drug release, enhanced solubility, and improved BBB penetrability. In this review, a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems for GBM therapy is emphasized. The conventional and novel treatment modalities for GBM and the potential of nanocarriers to overcome existing limitations are comprehensively covered. Furthermore, the updates in the clinical landscape of GBM therapeutics are presented in addition to the current status of drugs and patents in the same context. Through a critical evaluation of existing literature, the therapeutic prospect and limitations of nanocarrier-based drug delivery strategies are highlighted offering insights into future research directions and clinical translation."
1535,brain tumour,39368486,T lymphocyte recruitment to melanoma brain tumors depends on distinct venous vessels.,"To improve immunotherapy for brain tumors, it is important to determine the principal intracranial site of T cell recruitment from the bloodstream and their intracranial route to brain tumors. Using intravital microscopy in mouse models of intracranial melanoma, we discovered that circulating T cells preferably adhered and extravasated at a distinct type of venous blood vessel in the tumor vicinity, peritumoral venous vessels (PVVs). Other vascular structures were excluded as alternative T cell routes to intracranial melanomas. Anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 immune checkpoint inhibitors increased intracranial T cell motility, facilitating migration from PVVs to the tumor and subsequently inhibiting intracranial tumor growth. The endothelial adhesion molecule ICAM-1 was particularly expressed on PVVs, and, in samples of human brain metastases, ICAM-1 positivity of PVV-like vessels correlated with intratumoral T cell infiltration. These findings uncover a distinct mechanism by which the immune system can access and control brain tumors and potentially influence other brain pathologies."
1536,brain tumour,39368298,Sectored single-energy volumetric-modulated proton arc therapy (VPAT): A preliminary multi-disease-site concept study.,To explore the feasibility of a novel intensity-modulated proton arc technique that uses a single-energy beam from the cyclotron. The beam energy is externally modulated at each gantry angle by a tertiary energy modulator (EM). We hypothesize that irradiating in an arc without requiring an energy change from the cyclotron will achieve a faster delivery (main advantage of our technique) while keeping clinically desirable dosimetric results.
1537,brain tumour,39368093,Protocol for analyzing plasma cell-free DNA fragment end motifs from ultra-low-pass whole-genome sequencing.,"Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragment end motif profiles are a promising biomarker in precision oncology. Here, we present a protocol for analyzing plasma cfDNA fragment end motifs from ultra-low-pass whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. We detail a pipeline composed of sequential bash scripts for processing post-alignment BAM files. Subsequently, we outline the procedure for downstream analysis and visualization of 4-mer as well as other n-mer cfDNA end motifs in R. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Liu et al."
1538,brain tumour,39368002,"DDX3X dynamics, glioblastoma's genetic landscape, therapeutic advances, and autophagic interplay.","Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive and deadly forms of cancer, posing significant challenges for the medical community. This review focuses on key aspects of Glioblastoma, including its genetic differences between primary and secondary types. Temozolomide is a major first-line treatment for Glioblastoma, and this article explores its development, how it works, and the issue of resistance that limits its effectiveness, prompting the need for new treatment strategies. Gene expression profiling has greatly advanced cancer research by revealing the molecular mechanisms of tumors, which is essential for creating targeted therapies for Glioblastoma. One important protein in this context is DDX3X, which plays various roles in cancer, sometimes promoting it or otherwise suppressing it. Additionally, autophagy, a process that maintains cellular balance, has complex implications in cancer treatment. Understanding autophagy helps to identify resistance mechanisms and potential treatments, with Chloroquine showing promise in treating Glioblastoma. This review covers the interplay between Glioblastoma, DDX3X, and autophagy, highlighting the challenges and potential strategies in treating this severe disease."
1539,brain tumour,39367988,NPRL2 promotes TRIM16-mediated ubiquitination degradation of Galectin-3 to prevent CD8,"Our previous study found that tumor suppressor nitrogen permease regulator like-2(NPRL2) is frequently downregulated in glioma, leading to malignant growth. However, NPRL2-mediated crosstalk between tumor cells and immune cells remains unclear."
1540,brain tumour,39367952,Antitumor effects of intracranial injection of B7-H3-targeted Car-T and Car-Nk cells in a patient-derived glioblastoma xenograft model.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor for which novel therapies are needed. Recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has been shown to be effective against GBM, but it is a personalized medicine and requires high cost and long time for the cell production. CAR-transduced natural killer (NK) cells can be used for ""off-the-shelf"" cellular immunotherapy because they do not induce graft-versus-host disease. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the anti-GBM effect of CAR-T or NK cells targeting B7-H3, which is known to be highly expressed in GBM."
1541,brain tumour,39367900,Early region-specific impact of adjuvant radiation therapy on cognition and quality of life in adult patients with primary brain tumors.,"While treatments for primary brain tumors increase survival, they have cognitive sequelae. Neurocognition's anatomical distribution makes it susceptible to brain damage. This study aims to evaluate the contribution of radiotherapy on short-term cognitive impairment."
1542,brain tumour,39367808,"GC/MS and LC-ESI-MS Analysis of Conocarpus erectus Leaves Extract via Regulating Amyloid-β-Peptide, Tau Protein, Neurotransmitters, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress against AlCl",This study investigated the therapeutic effect of Conocarpus erectus leaves methanolic extract against AlCl
1543,brain tumour,39367752,Fractal dimension and lacunarity measures of glioma subcomponents are discriminative of the grade of gliomas and IDH status.,"Since the overall glioma mass and its subcomponents-enhancing region (malignant part of the tumor), non-enhancing (less aggressive tumor cells), necrotic core (dead cells), and edema (water deposition)-are complex and irregular structures, non-Euclidean geometric measures such as fractal dimension (FD or ""fractality"") and lacunarity are needed to quantify their structural complexity. Fractality measures the extent of structural irregularity, while lacunarity measures the spatial distribution or gaps. The complex geometric patterns of the glioma subcomponents may be closely associated with the grade and molecular landscape. Therefore, we measured FD and lacunarity in the glioma subcomponents and developed machine learning models to discriminate between tumor grades and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene status. 3D fractal dimension (FD3D) and lacunarity (Lac3D) were measured for the enhancing, non-enhancing plus necrotic core, and edema-subcomponents using preoperative structural-MRI obtained from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and University of California San Francisco Preoperative Diffuse Glioma MRI (UCSF-PDGM) glioma cohorts. The FD3D and Lac3D measures of the tumor-subcomponents were then compared across glioma grades (HGGs: high-grade gliomas vs. LGGs: low-grade gliomas) and IDH status (mutant vs. wild type). Using these measures, machine learning platforms discriminative of glioma grade and IDH status were developed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess the prognostic significance of FD3D and Lac3D measurements. HGG exhibited significantly higher fractality and lower lacunarity in the enhancing subcomponent, along with lower fractality in the non-enhancing subcomponent compared to LGG. This suggests that a highly irregular and complex geometry in the enhancing-subcomponent is a characteristic feature of HGGs. A comparison of FD3D and Lac3D between IDH-wild type and IDH-mutant gliomas revealed that mutant gliomas had ~2.5-fold lower FD3D in the enhancing-subcomponent and higher FD3D with lower Lac3D in the non-enhancing subcomponent, indicating a less complex and smooth enhancing subcomponent, and a more continuous non-enhancing subcomponent as features of IDH-mutant gliomas. Supervised ML models using FD3D from both the enhancing and non-enhancing subcomponents together demonstrated high-sensitivity in discriminating glioma grades (~97.9%) and IDH status (~94.4%). A combined fractal estimation of the enhancing and non-enhancing subcomponents using MR images could serve as a non-invasive, precise, and quantitative measure for discriminating glioma grade and IDH status. The combination of 2-hydroxyglutarate-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2HG-MRS) with FD3D and Lac3D quantification may be established as a robust imaging signature for glioma subtyping."
1544,brain tumour,39366819,Diagnosis and management of brain radiation necrosis.,"Brain radiation necrosis (BRN) is a significant and complex side effect of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). Differentiating BRN from local tumor recurrence is critical, requiring advanced diagnostic techniques and a multidisciplinary approach. BRN typically manifests months to years post-treatment, presenting with radiological changes on MRI and may produce neurological symptoms. Key risk factors include the volume of irradiated brain tissue, the radiation dose, and prior radiotherapy history. This manuscript reviews the diagnostic process for BRN, emphasizing the importance of assessing baseline risk, clinical evaluation, and advanced imaging modalities. Multimodal imaging enhances diagnostic accuracy and aids in distinguishing BRN from tumor relapse. Therapeutic management varies based on symptoms. Asymptomatic BRN may be monitored with regular imaging, while symptomatic BRN often requires corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. Emerging therapies like bevacizumab have shown promise in clinical trials, with significant radiographic and symptomatic improvement. Surgical intervention may be necessary for histological confirmation and severe, treatment-resistant cases. Ongoing research aims to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy, enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life. This review underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach and continuous advancements to address the challenges posed by BRN in brain tumor patients."
1545,brain tumour,39366383,De novo GTP synthesis is a metabolic vulnerability for the interception of brain metastases.,"Patients with brain metastases (BM) face a 90% mortality rate within one year of diagnosis and the current standard of care is palliative. Targeting BM-initiating cells (BMICs) is a feasible strategy to treat BM, but druggable targets are limited. Here, we apply Connectivity Map analysis to lung-, breast-, and melanoma-pre-metastatic BMIC gene expression signatures and identify inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo GTP synthesis pathway, as a target for BM. We show that pharmacological and genetic perturbation of IMPDH attenuates BMIC proliferation in vitro and the formation of BM in vivo. Metabolomic analyses and CRISPR knockout studies confirm that de novo GTP synthesis is a potent metabolic vulnerability in BM. Overall, our work employs a phenotype-guided therapeutic strategy to uncover IMPDH as a relevant target for attenuating BM outgrowth, which may provide an alternative treatment strategy for patients who are otherwise limited to palliation."
1546,brain tumour,39366373,Spark in the darkness: Discovering action potentials in brain tumors.,"Gliomas exhibit significant molecular diversity and poor prognosis. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Curry et al. apply Patch-seq on human glioma samples uncovering hybrid cells with glial and neuronal features, capable of firing action potentials in isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant gliomas. These findings highlight the importance of neural features in tumor biology and progression."
1547,brain tumour,39366214,Prenatal p25-activated Cdk5 induces pituitary tumorigenesis through MCM2 phosphorylation-mediated cell proliferation.,"Aberrant expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) has been reported in pituitary adenomas. However, the role of Cdk5 in the tumorigenesis remains unclear. We show that prenatal p25-activated Cdk5 phosphorylates minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (Mcm2), enhancing minichromosome maintenance (MCM) family proteins and driving intermediate lobe-located melanotrope-originated pituitary tumorigenesis. In a mouse model with CaMKII promoter-driven transgenic induction of p25, we observed intermediate lobe-originated pituitary adenoma producing non-functional proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides under persistent p25 overexpression. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed Mcm2 may play an important role during tumor progression. Subsequently, Mcm2 was identified as a potential phosphorylated substrate of Cdk5, mediating the tumorous proliferation of melanotrope cells. Silencing Cdk5 or Mcm2 suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation in the 293T cell lines. Therefore, our findings provide a new mouse model of intermediate lobe-originated pituitary adenoma induced by p25/Cdk5 and unveil a previously unappreciated role of Cdk5 and Mcm2 in pituitary adenoma tumorigenesis."
1548,brain tumour,39367444,Development of brain tumor radiogenomic classification using GAN-based augmentation of MRI slices in the newly released gazi brains dataset.,"Significant progress has been made recently with the contribution of technological advances in studies on brain cancer. Regarding this, identifying and correctly classifying tumors is a crucial task in the field of medical imaging. The disease-related tumor classification problem, on which deep learning technologies have also become a focus, is very important in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The use of deep learning models has shown promising results in recent years. However, the sparsity of ground truth data in medical imaging or inconsistent data sources poses a significant challenge for training these models. The utilization of StyleGANv2-ADA is proposed in this paper for augmenting brain MRI slices to enhance the performance of deep learning models. Specifically, augmentation is applied solely to the training data to prevent any potential leakage. The StyleGanv2-ADA model is trained with the Gazi Brains 2020, BRaTS 2021, and Br35h datasets using the researchers' default settings. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on datasets for brain tumor classification, resulting in a notable improvement in the overall accuracy of the model for brain tumor classification on all the Gazi Brains 2020, BraTS 2021, and Br35h datasets. Importantly, the utilization of StyleGANv2-ADA on the Gazi Brains 2020 Dataset represents a novel experiment in the literature. The results show that the augmentation with StyleGAN can help overcome the challenges of working with medical data and the sparsity of ground truth data. Data augmentation employing the StyleGANv2-ADA GAN model yielded the highest overall accuracy for brain tumor classification on the BraTS 2021 and Gazi Brains 2020 datasets, together with the BR35H dataset, achieving 75.18%, 99.36%, and 98.99% on the EfficientNetV2S models, respectively. This study emphasizes the potency of GANs for augmenting medical imaging datasets, particularly in brain tumor classification, showcasing a notable increase in overall accuracy through the integration of synthetic GAN data on the used datasets."
1549,brain tumour,39367418,Personalized mRNA vaccines in glioblastoma therapy: from rational design to clinical trials.,"Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumors, presenting significant challenges for treatment due to their invasive nature and localization in critical brain regions. Standard treatment includes surgical resection followed by radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). Recent advances in immunotherapy, including the use of mRNA vaccines, offer promising alternatives. This review focuses on the emerging use of mRNA vaccines for GBM treatment. We summarize recent advancements, evaluate current obstacles, and discuss notable successes in this field. Our analysis highlights that while mRNA vaccines have shown potential, their use in GBM treatment is still experimental. Ongoing research and clinical trials are essential to fully understand their therapeutic potential. Future developments in mRNA vaccine technology and insights into GBM-specific immune responses may lead to more targeted and effective treatments. Despite the promise, further research is crucial to validate and optimize the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines in combating GBM."
1550,brain tumour,39367395,Targeted blood-brain barrier penetration and precise imaging of infiltrative glioblastoma margins using hybrid cell membrane-coated ICG liposomes.,"Surgical resection remains the primary treatment modality for glioblastoma (GBM); however, the infiltrative nature of GBM margins complicates achieving complete tumor removal. Additionally, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a formidable challenge to effective probe delivery, thereby hindering precise imaging-guided surgery. Here, we introduce hybrid cell membrane-coated indocyanine green (ICG) liposomes (HM-Lipo-ICG) as biomimetic near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes for targeted BBB penetration and accurate delineation of infiltrative GBM margins. HM-Lipo-ICG encapsulates clinically approved ICG within its core and utilizes a hybrid cell membrane exterior, enabling specific targeting and enhanced BBB permeation. Quantitative assessments demonstrate that HM-Lipo-ICG achieves BBB penetration efficiency 2.8 times higher than conventional ICG liposomes. Mechanistically, CD44 receptor-mediated endocytosis facilitates BBB translocation of HM-Lipo-ICG. Furthermore, HM-Lipo-ICG enables high-contrast NIR imaging, achieving a signal-to-background ratio of 6.5 in GBM regions of an orthotopic glioma mouse model, thereby improving tumor margin detection accuracy fourfold (84.4% vs. 22.7%) compared to conventional ICG liposomes. Application of HM-Lipo-ICG facilitates fluorescence-guided precision surgery, resulting in complete resection of GBM cells. This study underscores the potential of hybrid cell membrane-coated liposomal probes in precisely visualizing and treating infiltrative GBM margins."
1551,brain tumour,39367282,MGMT methylation and its prognostic significance in inoperable IDH-wildtype glioblastoma: the MGMT-GBM study.,"The methylation of the O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter is a valid biomarker for predicting response to therapy with alkylating agents and, independently, prognosis in IDH-wildtype(IDH-w) glioblastoma. We aim to study the impact of its methylation in overall survival of the unresectable IDH-w glioblastoma undergoing biopsy and systemic treatment."
1552,brain tumour,39367019,Patterns of intersectional tumor volumes in T2-weighted MRI and [,Brain tumor volumes as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) do not always spatially overlap with biological tumor volumes (BTV) measured by [
1553,brain tumour,39366948,Hydrogel Applications in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a common malignant neurological tumor, has boundaries indistinguishable from those of normal tissue, making complete surgical removal ineffective. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) further impedes the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, leading to suboptimal treatment outcomes and a heightened probability of recurrence. Hydrogels offer multiple advantages for GBM diagnosis and treatment, including overcoming the BBB for improved drug delivery, controlled drug release for long-term efficacy, and enhanced relaxation properties of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Hydrogels, with their excellent biocompatibility and customizability, can mimic the "
1554,brain tumour,39365972,Peritoneal Dissemination via Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt of a Pineoblastoma.,No abstract found
1555,brain tumour,39365544,Predictors of brain metastases in patients with oligometastatic solid tumours treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy.,"In patients with oligometastatic disease (OMD) treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), those who develop brain metastases (BrM) may have poor outcomes. We aimed to investigate variables associated with BrM development in this population."
1556,brain tumour,39365462,Pre-operative dual-time-point [,While [
1557,brain tumour,39365377,Vorasidenib; a new hope for managing gliomas after surgery?,No abstract found
1558,brain tumour,39365305,Endoscopic third ventriculostomy assisted by augmented reality.,"Augmented reality (AR) technology has witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years, revolutionizing various fields, including medicine and surgery. In neurosurgery, AR holds immense promise for improving the accuracy, efficiency, and safety of various procedures. Augmented reality allows a user to visualize digital information such as 3D models, superimposed on their real-world field of view. Lately, there has been increased use of this technology for various procedures such as tumor resection, ventriculostomy, and pedicle screw insertion. Despite this, integration of AR into the field of neurosurgery is still in its infancy. As such, it is imperative that physicians continue to explore and document new clinical uses of AR. In this report, we describe the novel integration of AR into an endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) case. ETV is a minimally invasive technique used to treat hydrocephalus, which involves creating a new pathway for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage within the brain's ventricular system. The integration of AR into ETV procedures offers unprecedented opportunities to enhance surgical visualization, navigation, and decision-making, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes. Traditionally, neurosurgeons rely on pre-operative imaging, intraoperative neuronavigation systems, and their anatomical knowledge to perform an ETV. However, the complex neuroanatomy and variability among patients pose challenges to accurate navigation and spatial orientation prior to and during surgery. AR technology addresses these challenges by overlaying digital information-such as three-dimensional models, anatomical landmarks, and surgical trajectories-onto the surgeon's view of the patient in real-time."
1559,brain tumour,39364762,Enforced HCELL Expression Enhances Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Homing and Amelioration of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via induction of PGE2.,"Ischemic stroke (IS) is a significant and potentially life-threatening disease with limited treatment options, often resulting in severe disability. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) transplantation has exhibited promising neuroprotection following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). However, the effectiveness is hindered by their low homing rate when administered through the vein. In this study, we aimed to enhance the homing ability of BMSCs through lentivirus transfection to express fucosyltransferase 7. This glycosylation engineered CD44 on BMSCs to express hematopoietic cell E-selectin/L-selectin ligand (HCELL), which is the most potent E-selectin ligand. Following enforced HCELL expression, the transplantation of BMSCs was then evaluated in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Results showed that HCELL+BMSCs significantly ameliorated neurological deficits and reduced the volume of cerebral infarction. Furthermore, the transplantation led to a decrease in apoptosis by up-regulating BCL-2 and down-regulating BAX, also reduced the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the ischemic brain tissue. Notably, enforced HCELL expression facilitated the migration of BMSCs towards cerebral ischemic lesions and their subsequent transendothelial migration through the up-regulation of PTGS-2, increased production of PGE2 and activation of VLA-4. In summary, our study demonstrates that transplantation of HCELL+BMSCs effectively alleviates CIRI, and that enforced HCELL expression enhances the homing of BMSCs to cerebral ischemic lesions and their transendothelial migration via PTGS-2/PGE2/VLA-4. These findings indicate that enforced expression of HCELL on BMSCs could serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke."
1560,brain tumour,39364736,Current progress of anti‑PD‑1/PDL1 immunotherapy for glioblastoma (Review).,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common central nervous system malignancy in adults. GBM may be classified as grade IV diffuse astrocytoma according to the 2021 World Health Organization revised classification of central nervous system tumors, which means it is the most aggressive, invasive, undifferentiated type of tumor. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), particularly anti‑programmed cell death protein‑1 (PD‑1)/PD‑1 ligand‑1 immunotherapy, has been confirmed to be successful across several tumor types. However, in GBM, this treatment is still uncommon and the efficacy is unpredictable, and <10% of patients show long‑term responses. Recently, numerous studies have been conducted to explore what factors may indicate or affect the ICB response rate in GBM, including molecular alterations, immune expression signatures and immune infiltration. The present review aimed to summarize the current progress to improve the understanding of immunotherapy for GBM."
1561,brain tumour,39364731,Stigmasterol exerts antiglioma effects by regulating lipid metabolism.,"Stigmasterol is a sterol compound found in various traditional Chinese medicines; however, its effects on glioma remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of stigmasterol on the biological behaviors of glioblastoma (GBM) cells and to explore the underlying mechanisms. "
1562,brain tumour,39364422,Logistic regression model for predicting risk factors and contribution of cerebral microbleeds using renal function indicators.,"The brain and kidneys share similar low-resistance microvascular structures, receiving blood at consistently high flow rates and thus, are vulnerable to blood pressure fluctuations. This study investigates the causative factors of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), aiming to quantify the contribution of each risk factor by constructing a multivariate model via stepwise regression."
1563,brain tumour,39364412,CCL4 as a potential serum factor in differential diagnosis of central nervous system inflammatory diseases and gliomas.,"Computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are commonly utilized to detect brain gliomas and central nervous system inflammation diseases. However, there are instances where depending solely on medical imaging for a precise diagnosis may result in unsuitable medications or treatments. Pathological analysis is regarded as the definitive method for diagnosing brain gliomas or central nervous system inflammation diseases. To achieve this, a craniotomy or stereotaxic biopsy is necessary to collect brain tissue, which can lead to complications such as cerebral hemorrhage, neurological deficits, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, and cerebral edema. Consequently, the advancement of non-invasive or minimally invasive diagnostic techniques is currently a high priority. This study included samples from four glioma patients and five patients with central nervous system inflammatory diseases, comprising both serum and paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A total of 40 human cytokines were identified in these samples. We utilized a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to assess the sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing central nervous system inflammation diseases and gliomas. Additionally, we examined the correlation of these factors between serum and CSF in the patients. Ultimately, the identified factors were validated using serum from patients with clinically confirmed gliomas and central nervous system inflammation diseases followed by detection and statistical analysis through ELISA. The levels of serum factors IL-4, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, CCL4, CCL11, and VEGF were found to be significantly higher in gliomas compared with inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a strong correlation was observed between the levels of CCL4 in serum and CSF, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.92 (95% CI = 0.20-0.99, p = 0.027). We gathered more clinical samples to provide further validation of the abundance of CCL4 expression. A clinical study analyzing serum samples from 19 glioma patients and 22 patients with central nervous system inflammation diseases revealed that CCL4 levels were notably elevated in the inflammatory group compared with the glioma group (p < 0.001). These results suggest that assessing serum CCL4 levels may be useful in distinguishing those patients for clinical diagnostic purposes."
1564,brain tumour,39364321,EGFRVIII and EGFR targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor. Although there have been significant advances in surgical techniques, chemo and immunotherapies, and radiation therapy, outcomes continue to be devastating for these patients with minimal improvements in survival. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy is a revolutionary approach that is a new pillar in the treatment of cancer. CAR T cell therapy has produced remarkable results in hematological malignancies; however, multiple limitations currently prevent it from being a first-line therapy, especially for solid tumors. Epidermal growth factor receptor is classically amplified in glioblastoma, and a variant, EGFR variant III, is expressed on glioblastoma, making it an exciting potential target for CAR T cell therapy. Although preclinical has exciting potential, clinical data has been heterogeneous. In this review, we assess the state of field of EGFR-targeted CAR T cells."
1565,brain tumour,39364315,Ceftazidime/avibactam combined with colistimethate sodium successfully cures carbapenem-resistant ,The treatment of brain abscess induced by carbapenem-resistant 
1566,brain tumour,39364273,Obstructive hydrocephalus due to choroid plexus carcinoma of third ventricle in pediatric: A rare case report.,"Choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) is an uncommon tumor that accounts for less than 1% of all pediatric brain tumors. CPC usually originates in the lateral ventricle, followed by the fourth ventricle; the incidence in the third ventricle is only 5% of all CPC cases (children and adults). We report an extremely rare tumor arising from the choroid plexus of the third ventricle in a 6-year-old child with progressive headache, macrocephaly, left hemiparesis, and sunset eyes. The imaging found a well-defined, lobulated mass with strong enhancement in the posterior part of the third ventricle, resulting in obstructive hydrocephalus. The patient underwent an endoscopic biopsy and histopathological examination, which resulted in choroid plexus carcinoma."
1567,brain tumour,39364266,Biophysical and Biological Mechanisms of Tumor Treating Fields in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive forms of brain cancer that presents with a median survival rate of 14-30 months and along with a discouraging five-year survival rate of 4-5%. Standard treatment of newly diagnosed GBM, also known as the Stupp protocol, includes a maximally safe surgical resection followed by radiation and chemotherapy. Despite these treatment regimens, recurrence is almost inevitable, emphasizing the need for new therapies to combat the aggressive nature of GBMs. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFs) are a relatively new application to the treatment of GBMs, and results have been promising with both progression-free survival and overall survival when TTFs have been used in combination with temozolomide. This article critically reviews the biophysical and biological mechanisms of TTFs, their clinical efficacy, and discusses the results in clinical trials, including EF-11 and EF-14. Both trials have demonstrated that TTFs can enhance progression free survival and overall survival without compromising quality of life or causing severe adverse effects. Despite the high cost associated with TTFs and the need for further analysis to determine the most effective ways to integrate TTFs into GBM treatments, TTFs represent a significant advancement in GBM therapy and offer hope for improved patient prognosis."
1568,brain tumour,39363742,A New Era of Data-Driven Cancer Research and Care: Opportunities and Challenges.,"People diagnosed with cancer and their formal and informal caregivers are increasingly faced with a deluge of complex information, thanks to rapid advancements in the type and volume of diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment data. This commentary discusses the opportunities and challenges that the society faces as we integrate large volumes of data into regular cancer care."
1569,brain tumour,39363580,"Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for predicting liver metastasis in thyroid cancer: a study based on the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database.","This study aimed to create a prognostic nomogram to predict the risk of liver metastasis (LM) in thyroid cancer (TC) patients and assess survival outcomes for those with LM. Data were collected from the SEER database, covering TC patients from 2010 to 2020, totaling 110,039 individuals, including 142 with LM. Logistic regression and stepwise regression based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC) identified significant factors influencing LM occurrence: age, histological type, tumor size, bone metastasis, lung metastasis, and T stage ("
1570,brain tumour,39363281,"Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis identifies three distinct subtypes of pituitary adenomas: insights into tumor behavior, prognosis, and stem cell characteristics.","Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are the second most common intracranial tumor. While current diagnostic practices rely primarily on histological testing, they often fail to capture the molecular complexities of pituitary adenomas, underscoring the need for a molecular-based classification to refine therapeutic strategies and prognostic assessments. This study aims to provide a molecularly unbiased classification of pituitary adenomas and explore their unique gene expression patterns and clinical features."
1571,brain tumour,39362849,Serum cytokines and inflammatory proteins in individuals with heroin use disorder: potential mechanistically based biomarkers for diagnosis.,"Opioid use disorders cause major morbidity and mortality, and there is a pressing need for novel mechanistic targets and biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Exposure to mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists causes changes in cytokine and inflammatory protein networks in peripheral blood, and also in brain glia and neurons. Individuals with heroin use disorder (iHUD) show dysregulated levels of several cytokines in the blood. However, there is limited data on a comprehensive panel of such markers in iHUD versus healthy controls (HC), especially considered as a multi-target biomarker. We used a validated proximity extension assay for the relative quantification of 92 cytokines and inflammatory proteins in the serum of iHUD on medication-assisted therapy (MAT; n = 21), compared to HC (n = 24). Twenty-nine targets showed significant group differences (primarily iHUD>HC), surviving multiple comparison corrections (p = 0.05). These targets included 19 members of canonical cytokine families, including specific chemokines, interleukins, growth factors, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related proteins. For dimensionality reduction, data from these 19 cytokines were entered into a principal component (PC) analysis, with PC1 scores showing significant group differences (iHUD > HC; p < 0.0001). A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis yielded an AUROC = 91.7% (p < 0.0001). This PC1 score remained a positive predictor of being in the HUD group in a multivariable logistic regression, that included select demographic/clinical variables. Overall, this study shows a panel of cytokines that differ significantly between iHUD and HC, providing a multi-target ""cytokine biomarker score"" for potential diagnostic purposes, and future examination of disease severity."
1572,brain tumour,39362830,UCHL1 Overexpression Is Related to the Aggressive Phenotype of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.,"Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), which encodes thiol protease that hydrolyzes a peptide bond at the C-terminal glycine residue of ubiquitin, regulates cell differentiation, proliferation, transcriptional regulation, and numerous other biological processes and may be involved in lung cancer progression. UCHL1 is mainly expressed in the brain and plays a tumor-promoting role in a few cancer types; however, there are limited reports regarding its role in lung cancer."
1573,brain tumour,39362781,What a wonderful world!,"The world of cancer science is moving toward a paradigm shift in making connections with neuroscience. After decades of research on genetic instability and mutations or on the tumor microenvironment, emerging evidence suggests that a malignant tumor is able to hijack and use the brain and its network of peripheral and central neurons as disrupters of homeostasis in the body. Whole-body homeostasis requires brain-body circuits to maintain survival and health via the processes of interoception, immunoception, and nociception. It is now likely that cancer disturbs physiological brain-body communication in making bidirectional brain tumor connections."
1574,brain tumour,39362778,Cancer neuroscience at the brain-body interface.,"Our approaches toward understanding cancer have evolved beyond cell-intrinsic and local microenvironmental changes within the tumor to encompass how the cancer interfaces with the entire host organism. The nervous system is uniquely situated at the interface between the brain and body, constantly receiving and sending signals back and forth to maintain homeostasis and respond to salient stimuli. It is becoming clear that various cancers disrupt this dialog between the brain and body via both neuronal and humoral routes, leading to aberrant brain activity and accelerated disease. In this outlook, I discuss this view of cancer as a homeostatic challenge, emphasize cutting-edge work, and provide outstanding questions that need to be answered to move the field forward."
1575,brain tumour,39362775,Bridging brain and body in cancer.,"Recent work has highlighted the central role the brain-body axis plays in not only maintaining organismal homeostasis but also coordinating the body's response to immune and inflammatory insults. Here, we discuss how science is poised to address the many ways that our brain is directly involved with disease. In particular, we feel that combining cutting-edge tools in neuroscience with translationally relevant models of cancer will be critical to understanding how the brain and tumors communicate and modulate each other's behavior."
1576,brain tumour,39362772,Harnessing brain-body communication to understand cancer.,"Solid tumors that arise in the body interact with neurons, which influences cancer progression and treatment response. Here, we discuss key questions in the field, including defining the nature of interactions between tumors and neural circuits and defining how neural signals shape the tumor microenvironment. This information will allow us to optimally target neural signaling to improve outcomes for cancer patients."
1577,brain tumour,39362622,Proteomic insights into early-stage Alzheimer's disease: Identifying key neuronal proteins impacted by amyloid beta oligomers in an in vitro model.,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a pressing global health concern, necessitating comprehensive investigations into its underlying molecular mechanisms. While the late-stage pathophysiology of this disease is well understood, it is crucial to examine the role of amyloid beta oligomers (Aβo), which form in the brain during the early stages of disease development. These toxic oligomers could affect neuronal viability and generate oxidative stress in the brain. In this study, we exposed SHSY-5Y cells to Aβo. The increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species and apoptosis observed in Aβo-treated cells mimics the early stages of AD. Comprehensive proteomic profiling identified 2966 differentially expressed proteins, with 123 significantly modulated. Utilizing the NeuroPro database, we identified 80 confirmed AD-related proteins and 43 novel candidates. Seven AD-related proteins with a NeuroPro score ≥ 5 were shortlisted. Furthermore, these proteins are found to be associated with Aβ plaques in AD brains. VGF, LTF, PARP1, and MAOA have been implicated in various mechanisms underlying AD, including synaptic plasticity, iron homeostasis, DNA repair, and neurotransmitter degradation. Our study also revealed the involvement of less-explored proteins like MYH9, CISD1, and SNRNP70, which play critical roles in cytoskeletal dynamics, mitochondrial function, and RNA splicing, respectively. These findings underscore the complex pathophysiology of AD, highlighting potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for early intervention. The present study advances the understanding of Aβo-induced oxidative stress and neuronal damage, providing a foundation for future research into early-stage AD diagnosis and subsequent treatment strategies."
1578,brain tumour,39362608,Cabozantinib-encapsulated and maytansine-conjugated high-density lipoprotein for immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.,"Advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) responds poorly to current adjuvant therapies, partially due to its immunosuppressive intestinal microenvironment. We found that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were enriched in orthotopic tumors due to treatment-induced succinate release, which activated tuft cells and upregulated interleukin 25 (IL-25) and interleukin 13 (IL-13). We engineered a cabozantinib (Cabo)-encapsulated and maytansine (DM1)-conjugated synthetic high-density lipoprotein ("
1579,brain tumour,39362596,The Evolving Role of Palliative Care in Older People with Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in older adults and has a poor prognosis and limited response to treatment. The growing impact of palliative care on older people undergoing neurosurgery is becoming increasingly important. Palliative care aims to improve the quality of life for people and their families by addressing their physical, psychosocial, and spiritual needs. The prevalence of GBM peaks between 65 and 84 years of age, and treatment options may be hindered by chronic multiple conditions in older people. Older people are at risk of receiving suboptimal end-of-life care due to factors such as a focus on curative medicine, acceptance of terminal illness, which may discourage the person, and lack of awareness of palliative care for people with a noncancer diagnosis. People with GBM experience a significant illness burden, including neurological symptoms, mood disturbances, and cognitive impairment. A multidisciplinary approach, including palliative care, is recommended to improve treatment outcomes and quality of life. However, palliative care is often not consistently included in multidisciplinary teams despite the lack of curative treatment options and significant symptom burden. The palliative care needs of people with GBM can be complex, and published evidence in this area is limited. Nonetheless, there are similarities between the needs of people with GBM and those with other, more common cancer diagnoses and nonmalignant chronic neurologic illnesses. The integration of palliative care into the management of older people with GBM during neurosurgery is crucial for addressing their unique needs and improving their quality of life. In this review, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate the impact of palliative care on people with GBM and its importance."
1580,brain tumour,39362586,Immunological challenges and opportunities in glioblastoma multiforme: A comprehensive view from immune system lens.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), also known as grade IV astrocytoma, is the most common and deadly brain tumour. It has a poor prognosis and a low survival rate. GBM cells' immunological escape mechanism helps them resist advanced multimodal therapy. In physiological homeostasis, brain astrocytes and microglia suppress infections and clear the potential pathogen from the system. However, in severe pathological conditions like cancer, the immune response fails to eliminate mutated and rapidly over-proliferating GBM cells. The malignant cells' interactions with immune cells and the neoplasm's immunosuppressive environment enable the avoidance and their clearance. Immunotherapy efficiently addresses these difficulties, as shown by sufficient evidence. This review discusses how GBM cells inhibit and elude the immune system. These include MHC molecule expression alteration and PD-L1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoint overexpression. Without co-stimulation, these changes induce effector T-cell tolerance and anergy. The review also covers how MDSCs, TAMs, Herpes Virus Entry Mediators, and Human cytomegalovirus protein decrease the effector immune response against glioblastoma. The latter part discusses various therapies that are available in the market or under clinical trials which revolves around combating resistance against the available multimodal therapies. The recent trends indicate that there are various monoclonal antibodies and peptide-based vaccines that can be utilized to overcome the immune evasion technique harbored by GBM cells. A strategic development of Immunotherapy considering these hallmarks of immune evasion may help in designing a therapy that may prove to be effective in killing the GBM cells thereby, improving the overall survival of GBM-affected patients."
1581,brain tumour,39362568,TNFα prevents FGF4-mediated rescue of astrocyte dysfunction and reactivity in human ALS models.,"Astrocytes play a crucial role in the onset and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal disorder marked by the degeneration of motor neurons (MNs) in the central nervous system. Although astrocytes in ALS are known to be toxic to MNs, the pathological changes leading to their neurotoxic phenotype remain poorly understood. In this study, we generated human astrocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying the ALS-associated A4V mutation in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) to examine early cellular pathways and network changes. Proteomic analysis revealed that ALS astrocytes are both dysfunctional and reactive compared to control astrocytes. We identified significant alterations in the levels of proteins linked to ALS pathology and the innate immune cGAS-STING pathway. Furthermore, we found that ALS astrocyte reactivity differs from that of control astrocytes treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), a key cytokine in inflammatory reactions. We then evaluated the potential of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2, 4, 16, and 18 to reverse ALS astrocyte phenotype. Among these, FGF4 successfully reversed ALS astrocyte dysfunction and reactivity in vitro. When delivered to the spinal cord of the SOD1"
1582,brain tumour,39362509,Microglia-mediated neuron death requires TNF and is exacerbated by mutant Huntingtin.,"Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, regulate the balance of inflammation in the central nervous system under healthy and pathogenic conditions. Huntington's disease (HD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by activated microglia and elevated concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines within the brain. Chronic hyperactivation of microglia is associated with brain pathology and eventual neuron death. However, it is unclear which specific cytokines are required for neuron death and whether HD neurons may be hypersensitive to neuroinflammation. We assessed the profile of microglia-secreted proteins in response to LPS and IFNγ, and a conditioned media paradigm was used to examine the effects of these secreted proteins on cultured neuronal cells. STHdh"
1583,brain tumour,39362462,Effects of Apelin-13 on auditory system in STZ-induced diabetic rats.,"Damage to the auditory pathways is one of the complications of diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of apelin-13 in the auditory pathways of rats with experimentally induced diabetes by examining its effect on auditory brainstem responses, cochlear oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines."
1584,brain tumour,39362262,A brave new framework for glioma drug development.,"Patients with brain tumours are motivated to participate in clinical trials involving repeat tissue sampling. Normalising the use of neoadjuvant and staged surgical trials necessitates collaboration among patients, regulatory agencies, and researchers. Initial and repetitive tissue sampling plays a crucial role in enhancing our understanding of resistance mechanisms and vulnerabilities in brain tumour therapy. Standardising biopsy techniques and ensuring technical uniformity across institutions are vital for effective interinstitutional collaboration. Although liquid biopsy technologies hold promise, they are not yet ready to replace tissue analysis. Clear communication about the risks and benefits of biopsies is essential, particularly regarding potential postoperative deficits. Changes in mindset and neurosurgical culture are imperative to achieve much needed breakthroughs in the development of new, effective therapies for brain tumours."
1585,brain tumour,39362232,Radiotherapy and theranostics: a Lancet Oncology Commission.,"Following on from the 2015 Lancet Oncology Commission on expanding global access to radiotherapy, Radiotherapy and theranostics: a Lancet Oncology Commission was created to assess the access and availability of radiotherapy to date and to address the important issue of access to the promising field of theranostics at a global level. A marked disparity in the availability of radiotherapy machines between high-income countries and low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) has been identified previously and remains a major problem. The availability of a suitably trained and credentialled workforce has also been highlighted as a major limiting factor to effective implementation of radiotherapy, particularly in LMICs. We investigated initiatives that could mitigate these issues in radiotherapy, such as extended treatment hours, hypofractionation protocols, and new technologies. The broad implementation of hypofractionation techniques compared with conventional radiotherapy in prostate cancer and breast cancer was projected to provide radiotherapy for an additional 2·2 million patients (0·8 million patients with prostate cancer and 1·4 million patients with breast cancer) with existing resources, highlighting the importance of implementing new technologies in LMICs. A global survey undertaken for this Commission revealed that use of radiopharmaceutical therapy-other than "
1586,brain tumour,39361979,Well calculated is better than quickly calculated: Comparison of Pencil beam and Monte Carlo algorithms according to the number of lesions and fractionation in radiosurgery of multiple brain metastases.,In this work we compared pencil beam (PB) and Monte Carlo (MC) algorithms in single isocenter plans of multiple brain metastases radiosurgery (SIMM-SRS) plans using the quality indices reported for SRS.
1587,brain tumour,39361485,Dexmedetomidine for Postoperative Delirium Prevention in the Older Adult: An Integrative Review.,"The brain and cognition are particularly vulnerable to anesthetic and surgical insults, with postoperative delirium being the most common postoperative complication in patients aged ≥ 65 years. The body releases psychoactive proinflammatory cytokines in response to surgical trauma, including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. This promotes a porous blood-brain barrier, promoting postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Aging adults lose brain volume, cerebrospinal fluid, and dendritic synapses, thereby increasing neurologic stress and vulnerability to these surgical changes. Anesthetic technique influences the process, necessitating the importance of educated certified registered nurse anesthetists. Dexmedetomidine, a nonspecific α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties that counteract the proinflammatory mechanisms initiated by surgical insult. Additionally, dexmedetomidine mimics natural sleep pathways and reduces opioid dosing requirements, promoting cognitive preservation. While further research is required to establish an association with long-term effects, current literature indicates that dexmedetomidine may reduce postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction in older adults through various dosing regimens. This journal course reviews the pathophysiology of postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction and delirium, dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to mitigate these pathologic changes, and the current literature on dexmedetomidine's impact on postoperative delirium in older adults."
1588,brain tumour,39361126,Unlocking delays: revealing barriers to early diagnosis of childhood central nervous system tumors in an upper-middle-income country.,Childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors tend to have a longer time interval until diagnosis than other pediatric malignancies. The aim is to describe the time to diagnosis among Brazilian pediatric patients treated at a tertiary center and explore associated factors.
1589,brain tumour,39361075,Molecular Testing in Gliomas: What is Necessary in Routine Clinical Practice?,A number of molecular characteristics are essential for accurate diagnosis and prognostication in glioma.
1590,brain tumour,39360769,"AptBCis1, An Aptamer-Cisplatin Conjugate, Is Effective in Lung Cancer Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis.","Treatment of lung cancer leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LM) remains challenging partly due to the biological nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Cisplatin has limited effects on LM, and it is notorious for neurotoxicity. Aptamers are small oligonucleotides considered as antibody surrogates. Here we report a DNA therapeutics, AptBCis1. AptBCis1 is a cisplatin-conjugated, BBB-penetrating, and cancer-targeting DNA aptamer. Its backbone, AptB1, was identified via "
1591,brain tumour,39360642,Co-delivery of temozolomide and quercetin with folic acid-conjugated exosomes in glioblastoma treatment.,
1592,brain tumour,39360581,USP13 facilitates a ferroptosis-to-autophagy switch by activation of the NFE2L2/NRF2-SQSTM1/p62-KEAP1 axis dependent on the KRAS signaling pathway.,"Macroautophagy/autophagyis a lysosomal-regulated degradation process that participates incellular stress and then promotes cell survival or triggers celldeath. Ferroptosis was initially described as anautophagy-independent, iron-regulated, nonapoptotic cell death.However, recent studies have revealed that autophagy is positivelyassociated with sensitivity to ferroptosis. Nonetheless, themolecular mechanisms by which these two types of regulated cell death(RCD) modulate each other remain largely unclear. Here, we screened85 deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) and found that overexpression ofUSP13 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 13) could significantlyupregulate NFE2L2/NRF2 (NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2)protein levels. In addition, in 39 cases of KRAS-mutated lungadenocarcinoma (LUAD), we found that approximately 76% of USP13overexpression is positively correlated with NFE2L2 overexpression.USP13 interacts with and catalyzes the deubiquitination of thetranscription factor NFE2L2. Additionally, USP13 depletion promotesan autophagy-to-ferroptosis switch "
1593,brain tumour,39360100,Small Intestine Metastasis Leads to the Diagnosis of Thoracic SMARCA4-Deficient Undifferentiated Tumor: A Case Report.,"SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor (SMARCA4-UT) is a rare and aggressive malignancy characterized by the loss of SMARCA4 protein expression. It typically affects middle-aged male smokers and has a poor prognosis due to its rapid progression and metastatic potential. This case report presents a 73-year-old male diagnosed with a thoracic SMARCA4-UT. Initially diagnosed with stage IVA non-small cell lung cancer, the patient underwent brain tumor resection, radiation, and chemo-immunotherapy. Treatment was halted due to immune-related adverse events. During treatment, a progressing small intestine tumor was discovered, resected, and identified as SMARCA4-UT metastasis through immunohistochemistry, leading to a revised diagnosis of SMARCA4-UT with brain and small intestine metastases. The patient received multimodal treatment, including surgery, radiation, and chemo-immunotherapy. The small intestine metastasis showed resistance to systemic therapy, necessitating surgical intervention. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges and treatment complexities of SMARCA4-UT, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive diagnostic workup and personalized treatment strategies. It demonstrates the potential efficacy of combining systemic therapy with targeted interventions for oligoprogressive disease. The patient's progression-free survival at approximately two years post-diagnosis underscores the need for further research into optimal management strategies for this rare tumor."
1594,brain tumour,39359850,"CAR-T-cell therapy in meningioma: current investigations, advancements and insight into future directions.","Meningiomas, the most common tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), present significant challenges in treatment, particularly for atypical and anaplastic subtypes where standard therapies often fall short of therapeutic expectations. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, a groundbreaking immunotherapy approach, has demonstrated great success in hematological malignancies but faces obstacles in solid tumors, including CNS tumors like glioblastomas. This article provides a comprehensive review of the efficacy of CAR-T therapy in meningiomas, highlighting the tumor's immunogenic potential and the challenges associated with applying this therapy in clinical practice. Through an extensive literature review, the study explores potential antigens for CAR-T targeting in meningiomas, shedding light on the tumor-immune microenvironment interactions. Challenges such as tumor heterogeneity, blood-brain barrier penetration, off-target effects, and tumor recurrence are discussed, alongside potential strategies to overcome these obstacles. The study also investigates recent advancements in CAR-T therapy, including the identification of novel target antigens and the development of engineering approaches to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the article highlights the importance of ongoing research efforts in exploring the tumor-immune dynamics in meningiomas and underscores the urgent need for clinical trials to validate the safety and efficacy of CAR-T therapy in this context. By addressing these challenges, CAR-T therapy holds the promise of revolutionizing meningioma treatment, offering new hope for patients suffering from this disease."
1595,brain tumour,39359786,Drug-resistant schizophrenia-like psychosis associated with temporal non-anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: unusual revealing symptom of a rare pathology.,Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) was first described by Kepes 
1596,brain tumour,39359697,Neuroanatomical profiles of cognitive phenotypes in patients with primary brain tumors.,"Patients with brain tumors demonstrate heterogeneous patterns of cognitive impairment, likely related to multifactorial etiologies and variable tumor-specific factors. Cognitive phenotyping offers a patient-centered approach to parsing heterogeneity by classifying individuals based on patterns of impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroanatomical patterns associated with each phenotype to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying impairments."
1597,brain tumour,39359696,"Landscape and impact of mind-body, cognitive-behavioral, and physical activity interventions in adolescent and adult brain tumor patients: A systematic review.","The use of mind-body, cognitive-behavioral, and physical activity interventions have shown efficacy for improving symptom burden and functional limitations in other cancers; however, these strategies have not been widely implemented within neuro-oncology. This systematic review describes the current landscape and the impact of these interventions on adolescent and adult patients with brain tumors, which may guide the development of future interventions."
1598,brain tumour,39359317,Education Research: Evaluating Medical Student Learning Preference and Its Relationship to Clerkship Satisfaction.,"The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the Association of American Medical Colleges' commitment to competency-based medical education (CBME) has shifted the medical education landscape. Education methods conducive to CBME are learner-centered and give educators the opportunity to develop a more personalized approach to curricular development and delivery. By understanding learning preferences, educators are better positioned to respond to the changing needs of students. The Learning Preference Inventory (LPI) is a validated tool that assesses preferences across 3 domains: (1) content delivery (concrete vs abstract), (2) instruction (teacher-centered vs student-centered), and (3) learning structure (individual vs interpersonal). Using the LPI, our objective was to describe the learning preferences of medical students in the Neurology clerkship and to evaluate how preferences correlate with satisfaction with curricular elements."
1599,brain tumour,39359021,"Nasal immature teratoma in an elderly patient: Clinicopathological and epigenetic analogies with central nervous system counterparts, alongside genomic divergences.","Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are categorized as gonadal or extra-gonadal, based on the origin. Extra-gonadal GCTs predominantly manifest within the central nervous system (CNS), mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and sacrococcygeal region. These malignancies are most frequently diagnosed in the pediatric, adolescent, and young adult demographics. Incidences of GCT within the nasal cavity are notably scarce, with only six cases documented. This report details the case of a 70-year-old man who presented with a left nasal mass ultimately diagnosed as immature teratoma. A remarkable aspect of this case was the detection of SMARCA4 (BRG1) loss through immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, methylation profiling aligned this case with CNS GCTs, specifically those classified as non-germinomatous GCTs. This molecular characterization informed a tailored therapeutic strategy incorporating carboplatin and etoposide, alongside localized irradiation. This individualized treatment regimen achieved favorable outcomes, with the patient remaining recurrence free for over three years. This highlights the need for precise therapeutic approaches in the management of extragonadal GCTs, particularly those arising in atypical anatomical locations. The present case accentuates the significance of thorough diagnostic evaluations and customized treatment plans for rare GCT presentations. Further empirical and clinical investigations are warranted to enhance our understanding of and refine therapeutic protocols for such exceptional cases."
1600,brain tumour,39358663,PD-1 blockade does not improve efficacy of EpCAM-directed CAR T-cell in lung cancer brain metastasis.,"Lung cancer brain metastasis has a devastating prognosis, necessitating innovative treatment strategies. While chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell show promise in hematologic malignancies, their efficacy in solid tumors, including brain metastasis, is limited by the immunosuppressive tumor environment. The PD-L1/PD-1 pathway inhibits CAR T-cell activity in the tumor microenvironment, presenting a potential target to enhance therapeutic efficacy. This study aims to evaluate the impact of anti-PD-1 antibodies on CAR T-cell in treating lung cancer brain metastasis."
1601,brain tumour,39358420,First-line treatment of EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"This systematic review and network meta-analysis evaluates first-line treatment options for patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and brain metastases. We analyzed 24 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 2,682 patients, comparing various EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and combination therapies. Direct comparisons showed that the addition of bevacizumab or chemotherapy to first-generation (1G) EGFR-TKIs improved overall survival (OS) compared to 1G TKIs alone, with HRs of 0.704 (95% CI: 0.433-0.973) and 0.682 (95% CI: 0.464-0.899), respectively. However, third-generation (3G) TKI monotherapy did not significantly improve OS compared with 1G TKIs, with an HR of 0.855 (95% CI: 0.511-1.198). Indirect comparisons suggested that the combination of 3G TKIs with chemotherapy provided the most significant improvements in OS and progression-free survival (PFS), significantly outperforming 3G TKIs, with HRs of OS 1.69 (95% CI: 1.14-3.4) and PFS 2.13 (95% CI: 1.28-3.54). Intracranial PFS was best with 1G TKIs plus bevacizumab. Our findings suggest that 3G EGFR-TKIs in combination with chemotherapy may be the most effective strategy for patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC and brain metastases, though further head-to-head trials are needed for validation."
1602,brain tumour,39358389,Comparison of DNA methylation based classification models for precision diagnostics of central nervous system tumors.,"As part of the advancement in therapeutic decision-making for brain tumor patients at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (SJCRH), we developed three robust classifiers, a deep learning neural network (NN), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), and random forest (RF), trained on a reference series DNA-methylation profiles to classify central nervous system (CNS) tumor types. The models' performance was rigorously validated against 2054 samples from two independent cohorts. In addition to classic metrics of model performance, we compared the robustness of the three models to reduced tumor purity, a critical consideration in the clinical utility of such classifiers. Our findings revealed that the NN model exhibited the highest accuracy and maintained a balance between precision and recall. The NN model was the most resistant to drops in performance associated with a reduction in tumor purity, showing good performance until the purity fell below 50%. Through rigorous validation, our study emphasizes the potential of DNA-methylation-based deep learning methods to improve precision medicine for brain tumor classification in the clinical setting."
1603,brain tumour,39358196,Role of stereotactic radiotherapy in the management of small-cell lung cancer.,"Small-cell lung cancer is the most aggressive form of lung neoplasia, treated in recent decades with chemoradiotherapy in case of limited stage and chemotherapy alone at the metastatic stage. In the last few years, the advent of immunotherapy has changed the landscape in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer, and to a lesser degree in small-cell lung cancer. Despite the recent advances in research, small-cell lung cancer is still considered an aggressive and lethal disease characterized by high recurrence or metastatic potential. As stereotactic radiotherapy has established itself as the standard of care in the early stage of inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer and in metastatic disease to treat brain and extracranial metastases, these same issues now arise in the management of small-cell lung cancer. This article aims to review the current knowledge and the potential of stereotactic radiotherapy in small-cell lung cancer."
1604,brain tumour,39358195,Preoperative stereotactic radiotherapy for the management of brain metastases.,"Traditionally, postoperative whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) has been used for resected brain metastases, reducing local and intracerebral relapses. However, WBRT is associated with cognitive deterioration. Postoperative stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) has emerged due to its neurocognitive preservation benefits. Despite its advantages, postoperative SRT has several drawbacks, including difficulties in target volume delineation, increased risk of radionecrosis (RN) and leptomeningeal disease (LMD), and prolonged treatment duration. Preoperative SRT has been proposed as a potential alternative, offering promising results in retrospective studies. Retrospective studies have suggested that preoperative SRT could achieve high local control rates with fewer LMD and RN rates compared to postoperative SRT. However, preoperative SRT is primarily based on retrospective data, and no phase 2/3 trials have been published to date. Ongoing clinical trials are expected to provide further insights into the efficacy and safety of preoperative SRT, addressing key questions regarding fractionation, dose, and timing relative to surgery."
1605,brain tumour,39358089,Time to heal: inhibiting fibrosis prevents glioblastoma recurrence.,"New findings by Watson et al. demonstrate that therapy-induced inflammation and fibrosis potentiate glioblastoma recurrence. Post-treatment fibrotic niches shielded surviving tumor cells from immune surveillance, supported their persistence in a dormant state, and enabled rebound growth. Timely inhibition of inflammation and scarring attenuated recurrence, encouraging the use of new combinatorial approaches in glioblastoma therapy."
1606,brain tumour,39357919,Synchronous presentation of recurrent intracranial solitary fibrous tumour and chronic myeloid leukaemia: a diagnostic challenge.,"Solitary fibrous tumours (SFTs) and chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) are both uncommon neoplasms with distinct chromosomal aberrations and clinical presentations. Here, we present a case of a male in his late 50s with a history of intracranial SFT who presented 8 years after subtotal resection and adjuvant radiotherapy with splenic infarcts, a white blood cell of 83 000 cells/mL, and liver masses. He was treated with dasatinib for CML and temozolomide/bevacizumab for SFT. This case emphasises the benefits of broad differential diagnoses that include multiple concurrent disease processes when confronted with unusual presentations. It highlights the need for interdisciplinary efforts and personalised approaches when managing patients with multiple primary malignancies."
1607,brain tumour,39357789,Dynamics of Daily Glioblastoma Evolution During Chemoradiation Therapy on the 0.35T Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Linear Accelerator.,"Glioblastoma changes during chemoradiation therapy are inferred from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after treatment but are rarely investigated due to logistics of frequent MRI. Using a combination MRI-linear accelerator (MRI-linac), we evaluated changes during daily chemoradiation therapy."
1608,brain tumour,39357549,TRIM40 interacts with ROCK1 directly and inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation through the c-Myc/p21 axis.,"Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common malignancy of the digestive tract, and to date, morbidity and mortality rates remain high. While existing therapeutic methods have achieved certain effective outcomes, there are still many problems in treating this disease. Therefore, it is still urgent to constantly find new therapeutic targets in CRC that could lead to new therapeutics."
1609,brain tumour,39357471,Network connectivity underlying information processing speed in children: Application of a pediatric brain tumor survivor injury model.,"Elucidating how adaptive and maladaptive changes to the structural connectivity of brain networks influences neural synchrony, and how this structure-function coupling impacts cognition is an important question in human neuroscience. This study assesses these links in the default mode and executive control networks during resting state, a visual-motor task, and through computational modeling in the developing brain and in acquired brain injuries. Pediatric brain tumor survivors were used as an injury model as they are known to exhibit cognitive deficits, structural connectivity compromise, and perturbations in neural communication. Focusing on information processing speed to assess cognitive performance, we demonstrate that during the presence and absence of specific task demands, structural connectivity of these critical brain networks directly influences neural communication and information processing speed, and white matter compromise has an indirect adverse impact on reaction time via perturbed neural synchrony. Further, when our experimentally acquired structural connectomes simulated neural activity, the resulting functional simulations aligned with our empirical results and accurately predicted cognitive group differences. Overall, our synergistic findings further our understanding of the neural underpinnings of cognition and when it is perturbed. Further establishing alterations in structural-functional coupling as biomarkers of cognitive impairments could facilitate early intervention and monitoring of these deficits."
1610,brain tumour,39357322,Current status and influencing factors of fear disease progression in Chinese primary brain tumor patients: A mixed methods study.,"In this study, we investigated the fear of disease progression in Chinese PBT patients and examined the correlation between sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological variables of patients with the fear of progression (FoP). Additionally, the study also evaluated the subjective experience of FoP in patients with primary brain tumors (PBT)."
1611,brain tumour,39357279,"Nivolumab plus ipilimumab with chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer with untreated brain metastases: A multicenter single-arm phase 2 trial (NIke, LOGiK 2004).",The effect of dual immunotherapy combined with platinum-based chemotherapy on untreated brain metastases derived from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has remained unclear.
1612,brain tumour,39357265,"Distinction of papillary and adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma: Clinical features, surgical nuances and hypothalamic outcomes.","Understanding the differences of suprasellar papillary and adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (PCPs/ACPs) is pivotal for target therapy, surgical strategy or postoperative management. Here, the clinical features, surgical nuances and postoperative hypothalamic outcomes of PCPs were systematically recapitulated."
1613,brain tumour,39357189,All-in-one bimodal DNA and RNA next-generation sequencing panel for integrative diagnosis of glioma.,"Previously, we constructed a DNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel for an integrated diagnosis of gliomas according to the 2021 World Health Organization classification system. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the feasibility of a modified panel to include fusion gene detection via RNA-based analysis. Using this bimodal DNA/RNA panel, we analyzed 210 cases of gliomas and others to identify fusion genes in addition to gene alterations, including TERT promoter (TERTp) mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion, in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Of the 210 patients, fusion genes were detected in tumors of 35 patients. Eighteen of 112 glioblastomas (GBs) harbored fusion genes, including EGFR and FGFR3 fusions. In IDH-mutant astrocytoma, 6 of 30 cases showed fusion genes such as MET and NTRK2 fusions. Eleven molecular GBs and 20 not-elsewhere-classified cases harbored no gene fusions. Other 11 tumors including ependymoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, diffuse hemispheric glioma, infant-type hemispheric glioma, and solitary fibrous tumors exhibited diagnostic fusion genes. Overall, our results suggest that the all-in-one bimodal DNA/RNA panel is reliable for detecting diagnostic gene alterations in accordance with the latest WHO classification. The integrative pathological and molecular strategy could be valuable in confirmation of diagnosis and selection of treatment options for brain tumors."
1614,brain tumour,39357134,Multimodal brain tumor segmentation and classification from MRI scans based on optimized DeepLabV3+ and interpreted networks information fusion empowered with explainable AI.,"Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) aims to offer machine learning (ML) methods that enable people to comprehend, properly trust, and create more explainable models. In medical imaging, XAI has been adopted to interpret deep learning black box models to demonstrate the trustworthiness of machine decisions and predictions. In this work, we proposed a deep learning and explainable AI-based framework for segmenting and classifying brain tumors. The proposed framework consists of two parts. The first part, encoder-decoder-based DeepLabv3+ architecture, is implemented with Bayesian Optimization (BO) based hyperparameter initialization. The different scales are performed, and features are extracted through the Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) technique. The extracted features are passed to the output layer for tumor segmentation. In the second part of the proposed framework, two customized models have been proposed named Inverted Residual Bottleneck 96 layers (IRB-96) and Inverted Residual Bottleneck Self-Attention (IRB-Self). Both models are trained on the selected brain tumor datasets and extracted features from the global average pooling and self-attention layers. Features are fused using a serial approach, and classification is performed. The BO-based hyperparameters optimization of the neural network classifiers is performed and the classification results have been optimized. An XAI method named LIME is implemented to check the interpretability of the proposed models. The experimental process of the proposed framework was performed on the Figshare dataset, and an average segmentation accuracy of 92.68 % and classification accuracy of 95.42 % were obtained, respectively. Compared with state-of-the-art techniques, the proposed framework shows improved accuracy."
1615,brain tumour,39357132,A ferroptosis-associated prognostic model correlated with immune landscape and radiotherapy response in low-grade gliomas (LGGs).,"Despite receiving comprehensive treatment, the prognosis for low-grade gliomas (LGGs) patients varies considerably. Recent studies have focused extensively on ferroptosis, across a range of tumor types. Nevertheless, methodologies to evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy for LGGs, from the perspective of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs), remain strikingly rare. In this study, we conducted a retrospective study on the transcriptional profiles of LGG patients from the public databases and a local cohort. An FRG model was developed and validated, exhibits heightened robustness when contrasted with the traditional ssGSEA model. Patients demonstrating higher FRG scores were identified as a high-risk group, displaying a worse prognosis. By incorporating the FRG score alongside other prognosis-associated clinical indicators, we formulated an enhanced nomogram to achieve a higher level of prediction performance. Additionally, among LGG patients receiving radiotherapy, a poorer prognosis was observed in the high-risk group. Further investigation revealed that samples from the high-risk group generally exhibit a TME in an immuno-suppressive state. Collectively, we developed an FRG model and a robust nomogram for LGG prognostication. This study suggests that a high FRG score, indicative of an immunosuppressive TME, could potentially lead to a less favorable prognosis for certain LGG patients receiving radiotherapy."
1616,brain tumour,39354226,Publisher Correction: Integrative proteogenomic profiling of high-risk prostate cancer samples from Chinese patients indicates metabolic vulnerabilities and diagnostic biomarkers.,No abstract found
1617,brain tumour,39353594,Immunoediting Dynamics in Glioblastoma: Implications for Immunotherapy Approaches.,"Glioblastoma is an aggressive primary brain tumor that poses many therapeutic difficulties because of the high rate of proliferation, genetic variability, and its immunosuppressive microenvironment. The theory of cancer immunoediting, which includes the phases of elimination, equilibrium, and escape, offers a paradigm for comprehending interactions between the immune system and glioblastoma. Immunoediting indicates the process by which immune cells initially suppress tumor development, but thereafter select for immune-resistant versions leading to tumor escape and progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) in glioblastoma is particularly immunosuppressive, with regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells being involved in immune escape. To achieve an efficient immunotherapy for glioblastoma, it is crucial to understand these mechanisms within the TME. Existing immunotherapeutic modalities such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been met with some level of resistance because of the heterogeneous nature of the immune response to glioblastoma. Solving these issues is critical to develop novel strategies capable of modulating the TME and re-establishing normal immune monitoring. Further studies should be conducted to identify the molecular and cellular events that underlie the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma. Comprehending and modifying the stages of immunoediting in glioblastoma could facilitate the development of more potent and long-lasting therapies."
1618,brain tumour,39353298,Patient-based multilevel transcriptome exploration highlights relevant chemokines and chemokine receptor axes in glioblastoma.,"Chemokines and their receptors form a complex interaction network, crucial for precise leukocyte positioning and trafficking. In cancer, they promote malignant cell proliferation and survival but are also critical for immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal brain tumor, characterized by an immunosuppressive TME, with restricted immune cell infiltration. A better understanding of chemokine-receptor interactions is therefore essential for improving tumor immunogenicity. In this study, we assessed the expression of all human chemokines in adult-type diffuse gliomas, with particular focus on GBM, based on patient-derived samples. Publicly available bulk RNA sequencing datasets allowed us to identify the chemokines most abundantly expressed in GBM, with regard to disease severity and across different tumor subregions. To gain insight into the chemokines-receptor network at the single cell resolution, we explored GBmap, a curated resource integrating multiple scRNAseq datasets from different published studies. Our study constitutes the first patient-based handbook highlighting the relevant chemokine-receptor crosstalks, which are of significant interest in the perspective of a therapeutic modulation of the TME in GBM."
1619,brain tumour,39353220,Heterogeneous biomechanical/mathematical modeling of spatial prediction of glioblastoma progression using magnetic resonance imaging-based finite element method.,"Brain tumors are one of the most common diseases and causes of death in humans. Since the growth of brain tumors has irreparable risks for the patient, predicting the growth of the tumor and knowing its effect on the brain tissue will increase the efficiency of treatment strategies."
1620,brain tumour,39353214,A Single Institution Experience in the Management of Localized Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Bladder.,Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder (NEC-bladder) is a rare disease with poor outcomes and variable treatment approaches.
1621,brain tumour,39352777,Endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent regulation of carboxypeptidase E expression in glioblastoma cells.,
1622,brain tumour,39352749,Dual targeting macrophages and microglia is a therapeutic vulnerability in models of PTEN-deficient glioblastoma.,"Tumor-associated macrophages and microglia (TAMs) are critical for tumor progression and therapy resistance in glioblastoma (GBM), a type of incurable brain cancer. We previously identified lysyl oxidase (LOX) and olfactomedin like-3 (OLFML3) as essential macrophage and microglia chemokines, respectively, in GBM. Here, single-cell transcriptomics and multiplex sequential immunofluorescence followed by functional studies demonstrate that macrophages negatively correlate with microglia in the GBM tumor microenvironment. LOX inhibition in PTEN-deficient GBM cells upregulates OLFML3 expression via the NF-κB-PATZ1 signaling pathway, inducing a compensatory increase of microglia infiltration. Dual targeting macrophages and microglia via inhibition of LOX and the CLOCK-OLFML3 axis generates potent antitumor effects and offers a complete tumor regression in more than 60% of animals when combined with anti-PD1 therapy in PTEN-deficient GBM mouse models. Thus, our findings provide a translational triple therapeutic strategy for this lethal disease."
1623,brain tumour,39357093,Cerebral Echinococcosis Mimicking a Brain Tumour in Rural Southwest Nigeria.,"Echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus. Cerebral echinococcosis (CE) poses a significant public health challenge due to its neglected status. It is endemic in Central Asia, Africa and parts of South America, with prevalence estimated to be 1.18-3 per 100,000 population in Iran. We report the case of a 45-year-old male who presented with seizure disorders and was evaluated and treated for a neoplasm, with complete excision of the lesion. Pathologic examination revealed the characteristic echinococcal (hydatid) cyst. The patient recovered fully. As CE is a great imitator of several other conditions in endemic areas, a high index of suspicion must be maintained in endemic countries."
1624,brain tumour,39356934,Effect of napabucasin and doxorubicin via the Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway in suppressing the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells.,Napabucasin (NP) is a natural compound that can suppress cancer cell proliferation and cell cycle by inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene. We examined the effects of NP on the proliferation and invasion of neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y).
1625,brain tumour,39356747,A peptide encoded by upstream open reading frame of ,"MYC promotes tumor growth through multiple mechanisms. Here, we show that, in human glioblastomas, the variant "
1626,brain tumour,39356744,Dynamic structural remodeling of LINC01956 enhances temozolomide resistance in ,"The mechanisms underlying stimuli-induced dynamic structural remodeling of RNAs for the maintenance of cellular physiological function and survival remain unclear. Here, we showed that in "
1627,brain tumour,39356429,Xiangshao Granules Ameliorate Post-Stroke Depression by Inhibiting Activation of Microglia and IDO1 Expression in Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex.,To investigate the therapeutic effect of Xiangshao Granules (XSG) on post-stroke depression (PSD) and explore the underlying mechanisms.
1628,brain tumour,39356352,A Novel Mitochondrial-Related Gene Signature for the Prediction of Prognosis and Therapeutic Efficacy in Lower-Grade Glioma.,"Lower-grade glioma (LGG) is a common primary brain tumor with a highly heterogeneous clinical presentation, and its prognosis cannot be accurately predicted by current histopathology. It has been found that mitochondria play an important role in hypoxia, angiogenesis, and energy metabolism in glioma, and mitochondrial function may have an important impact on LGG prognosis. The goal of this study was to develop a novel prognostic model based on Mitochondrial-related genes (MRGs). We first analyzed the somatic alterations profiles of MRGs in patients with LGG and found that somatic alterations were common in LGG and correlated with prognosis. Using RNA-seq data from TCGA and CGGA, 12 prognosis-related MRGs were identified to construct a mitochondrial activation score (MiAS) model by combining univariate regression and LASSO regression analysis. The model and nomogram were evaluated using the area under the ROC curve with AUC = 0.910. The model was closely correlated with the clinical characteristics of LGG patients and performed well in predicting the prognosis of LGG patients with significantly shorter overall survival (OS) time in the high-MiAS group. GSVA and GSEA results showed that oxidative stress, pro-cancer, and immune-related pathways were significantly enriched in the high-MiAS group. CIBERSORT results showed that MiAS was significantly associated with immune cell infiltration in LGG. Macrophage M1 and follicular helper T cells had increased infiltration in the high-MiAS group. TIDE predicted a better immunotherapy outcome in patients in the low-MiAS group. Finally, using data from the CTRPv2 and GDSC2 datasets to assess chemotherapy response in LGG, it was predicted that the chemotherapeutic agents AZD6482, MG-132, and PLX-4720 might be potential agents for patients in the high-MiAS group of LGG. In addition, we performed in vitro experiments and found that knockdown of OCIAD2 expression reduced the abilities of glioma cells to proliferate, migrate, and invade. In contrast, overexpression of OCIAD2 enhanced these abilities of glioma cells. This study found that MRGs were correlated with LGG patient prognosis, which is expected to provide new treatment strategies for LGG patients with different MiAS."
1629,brain tumour,39356336,Stereotactic radiosurgery for recurrent/residual nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma: a single-arm systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are a significant subtype of pituitary tumors, accounting for 30% of all pituitary tumors and 10-20% of intracranial tumors. The primary treatment for NFPAs is resection, but complete resection is often challenging due to the tumor's proximity to critical structures, leading to frequent recurrences. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has emerged as a viable treatment option for recurrent or residual NFPAs, but its long-term efficacy and safety profile require further investigation."
1630,brain tumour,39356313,Long-term analysis of ABI auditory performance in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2-related schwannomatosis.,"This retrospective monocentric study aimed to evaluate long-term auditory brainstem implant (ABI) function in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2, and to investigate the prognostic factors for ABI use."
1631,brain tumour,39355889,[Cytotoxicity Studies of 5-Arylaminouracil Derivatives].,"We have previously shown that 5-arylaminouracil derivatives can inhibit HIV-1, herpesviruses, mycobacteria, and other pathogens through various mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of 5-arylaminouracils and their derivatives against leukemia, neuroblastoma, and glial brain tumors. 5-Aminouracils with various substituents and their 5'-norcabocyclic and ribo derivatives were screened for cytotoxicity against two neuroblastoma cell lines (SH-SY5Y and IMR-32), K-562 lymphoblastic cells, HL-60 promyeoloblastic cells, and low-passage variants of well-differentiated glioblastoma multiforme (GBM5522 and GBM6138). Cytotoxicity assessment by the standard MTT test showed that most of the compounds lack significant toxicity towards the above cells. However, 5-(4-isopropylphenylamine)uracil and 5-(4-tert-butylphenylamine)uracil exhibited a dose-dependent toxic effect towards the GBM6138 cell line with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 9 and 2.3 μМ, respectively. Antitumor activity was for the first time demonstrated for compounds of this type and can serve as a starting point for further research."
1632,brain tumour,39355617,Genomic signature for oligometastatic disease in non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases.,Biomarkers for extracranial oligometastatic disease remain elusive and few studies have attempted to correlate genomic data to the presence of true oligometastatic disease.
1633,brain tumour,39355364,Crucial roles of exosomes secreted from ganglioside GD3/GD2-positive glioma cells in enhancement of the malignant phenotypes and signals of GD3/GD2-negative glioma cells.,"Neuroectoderm-derived tumors characteristically express gangliosides such as GD3 and GD2. Many studies have reported that gangliosides GD3/GD2 enhance malignant phenotypes of cancers. Recently, we reported that human gliomas expressing GD3/GD2 exhibited enhanced malignant phenotypes. Here, we investigated the function of GD3/GD2 in glioma cells and GD3/GD2-expressing glioma-derived exosomes. As reported previously, transfectant cells of human glioma U251 MG expressing GD3/GD2 showed enhanced cancer phenotypes compared with GD3/GD2-negative controls. When GD3/GD2-negative cells were treated with exosomes secreted from GD3/GD2-positive cells, clearly increased malignant properties were observed. Furthermore, increased phosphorylation of signaling molecules was detected after 5-15 min of exosome treatment, ie, higher tyrosine phosphorylation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor, focal adhesion kinase, and paxillin was found in treated cells than in controls. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 was also enhanced. Consequently, it is suggested that exosomes secreted from GD3/GD2-positive gliomas play important roles in enhancement of the malignant properties of glioma cells, leading to total aggravation of heterogenous cancer tissues, and also in the regulation of tumor microenvironments."
1634,brain tumour,39355251,From single-cell to spatial transcriptomics: decoding the glioma stem cell niche and its clinical implications.,"Gliomas are aggressive brain tumors associated with a poor prognosis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a significant role in tumor recurrence and resistance to therapy. This study aimed to identify and characterize glioma stem cells (GSCs), analyze their interactions with various cell types, and develop a prognostic signature."
1635,brain tumour,39355216,Case Report: Contribution of [,"We present the case of a 67-year-old woman with metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast, in whom a follow-up magnetic resonance imaging, 3 months after encephalic radiotherapy, revealed a significant increase in the size of two brain metastases, potentially indicating progressive disease within the radiation field. Subsequent ["
1636,brain tumour,39355090,Association between hypertension requiring medication and postoperative 30-day mortality in adult patients with tumor craniotomy: an analysis of data using propensity score matching.,Reliable quantification of the association between hypertension requiring medication and postoperative 30-day mortality in adult patients who undergo craniotomy for tumor resection is limited. We aimed to explore the associations between these factors.
1637,brain tumour,39354800,Evaluation of brain metabolism using F18-FDG PET/CT imaging in patients diagnosed with lung cancer.,Brain imaging of regional metabolic changes in cancer patients can provide insights into cancer biology. We aimed to detect regional metabolic changes in the brains of untreated lung cancer patients without brain metastases using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoroglucose PET/computed tomography.
1638,brain tumour,39354583,Metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma to the brain - a clinicopathologic analysis of 21 cases.,"Brain metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) is rare, often leading to death within a year. Its infrequent occurrence and atypical histopathologic features contribute to lower consideration in the differential diagnosis of tumor brain metastasis. This study aims to assess the clinical characteristics and distinctive histopathologic features of metastatic PCa in the brain for timely and enhanced diagnostic accuracy."
1639,brain tumour,39354483,Decoding the immune microenvironment: unveiling CD8 + T cell-related biomarkers and developing a prognostic signature for personalized glioma treatment.,Gliomas are aggressive brain tumors with poor prognosis. Understanding the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in gliomas is essential for developing effective immunotherapies. This study aimed to identify TIME-related biomarkers in glioma using bioinformatic analysis of RNA-seq data.
1640,brain tumour,39354457,Ciliary body myxoid epithelioid sarcoma in a cat: a case report.,"The majority of primary, intraocular tumors in cats originate from the uvea and include feline diffuse iris melanoma, lymphoma, and iridociliary epithelial adenoma or adenocarcinoma. In this case report, we describe for the first time the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical findings of a rare myxoid intraocular neoplasm arising from the ciliary body in a cat."
1641,brain tumour,39354418,"Weekly carboplatin plus paclitaxel chemotherapy in advanced melanoma patients resistant to anti-PD-1 inhibitors: a retrospective, monocentric experience.","Immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 antibodies significantly improved the prognosis in advanced melanoma patients, but most of them develop primary or secondary resistance to the treatment. In this study, we evaluated efficacy and safety of a chemotherapy regimen with weekly carboplatin plus paclitaxel (wCP) in patients previously treated with anti-PD-1 antibodies. We retrospectively identified 30 patients with advanced melanoma treated at our Institute over the last eight years with wCP. The co-primary endpoints of the study were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). In addition, we evaluated treatment tolerability. For this patient cohort, median PFS and OS were 3.25 and 7.69 months, respectively. All included patients had previously received anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, most of them had ECOG PS 0-1, and only 5 patients had a BRAF V600 mutation. In univariable analysis, we observed shorter OS in patients with > 2 involved metastatic sites, superficial spreading histology, and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values above the median. Liver metastases were associated with worse outcomes, while radiotherapy treatment of brain metastases was associated with improved OS. However, in a multivariable Cox regression model, only LDH above the median, superficial spreading histology, and female sex were significantly associated with worse OS. We reported grade 3 and 4 treatment-related toxicities in 4 and 0 patients, respectively. In conclusion, chemotherapy with wCP is a valid palliative treatment in advanced melanoma who progressed with anti-PD-1 antibodies."
1642,brain tumour,39354274,Letter to Editor: Optimizing post-craniotomy recovery: Insights from symptom network analysis in primary brain tumor patients.,No abstract found
1643,brain tumour,39354200,MrgprA3 neurons drive cutaneous immunity against helminths through selective control of myeloid-derived IL-33.,"Skin uses interdependent cellular networks for barrier integrity and host immunity, but most underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Herein, we demonstrate that the human parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni inhibited pruritus evoked by itch-sensing afferents bearing the Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor A3 (MrgprA3) in mice. MrgprA3 neurons controlled interleukin (IL)-17"
1644,brain tumour,39354009,Brain tumor detection and classification in MRI using hybrid ViT and GRU model with explainable AI in Southern Bangladesh.,"Brain tumor, a leading cause of uncontrolled cell growth in the central nervous system, presents substantial challenges in medical diagnosis and treatment. Early and accurate detection is essential for effective intervention. This study aims to enhance the detection and classification of brain tumors in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans using an innovative framework combining Vision Transformer (ViT) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) models. We utilized primary MRI data from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical College Hospital (BSMMCH) in Faridpur, Bangladesh. Our hybrid ViT-GRU model extracts essential features via ViT and identifies relationships between these features using GRU, addressing class imbalance and outperforming existing diagnostic methods. We extensively processed the dataset, and then trained the model using various optimizers (SGD, Adam, AdamW) and evaluated through rigorous 10-fold cross-validation. Additionally, we incorporated Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques-Attention Map, SHAP, and LIME-to enhance the interpretability of the model's predictions. For the primary dataset BrTMHD-2023, the ViT-GRU model achieved precision, recall, and F1-score metrics of 97%. The highest accuracies obtained with SGD, Adam, and AdamW optimizers were 81.66%, 96.56%, and 98.97%, respectively. Our model outperformed existing Transfer Learning models by 1.26%, as validated through comparative analysis and cross-validation. The proposed model also shows excellent performances with another Brain Tumor Kaggle Dataset outperforming the existing research done on the same dataset with 96.08% accuracy. The proposed ViT-GRU framework significantly improves the detection and classification of brain tumors in MRI scans. The integration of XAI techniques enhances the model's transparency and reliability, fostering trust among clinicians and facilitating clinical application. Future work will expand the dataset and apply findings to real-time diagnostic devices, advancing the field."
1645,brain tumour,39353936,Hexosaminidase B-driven cancer cell-macrophage co-dependency promotes glycolysis addiction and tumorigenesis in glioblastoma.,"Glycolytic metabolic reprogramming in cancer is regulated by both cancer intrinsic variations like isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) status and non-cancerous microenvironment components like tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). However, the detailed mechanism remains elusive. Here, we identify hexosaminidase B (HEXB) as a key regulator for glycolysis in glioblastoma (GBM). HEXB intercellularly manipulates TAMs to promote glycolysis in GBM cells, while intrinsically enhancing cancer cell glycolysis. Mechanistically, HEXB elevation augments tumor HIF1α protein stability through activating ITGB1/ILK/YAP1; Subsequently, HIF1α promotes HEXB and multiple glycolytic gene transcription in GBM cells. Genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of HEXB elicits substantial therapeutic effects in preclinical GBM models, while targeting HEXB doesn't induce significant reduction in IDH1 mutant glioma and inhibiting IDH1 mutation-derived 2-hydroxyglutaric acid (2-HG) significantly restores HEXB expression in glioma cells. Our work highlights a HEXB driven TAMs-associated glycolysis-promoting network in GBM and provides clues for developing more effective therapies against it."
1646,brain tumour,39353894,CD2AP promotes the progression of glioblastoma multiforme via TRIM5-mediated NF-kB signaling.,"CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) is a scaffolding/adaptive protein that regulates intercellular adhesion and multiple signaling pathways. Although emerging evidence suggests that CD2AP is associated with several malignant tumors, there is no study investigating the expression and biological significance of CD2AP in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Here by studying public datasets, we found that CD2AP expression was significantly elevated in GBM and that glioma patients with increased CD2AP expression had a worse prognosis. We also confirmed the increase of CD2AP expression in clinical GBM samples and GBM cell lines. CD2AP overexpression in GBM cells promoted their proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro and their tumorigenesis in vivo, and reduced cell apoptosis both at basal levels and in response to temozolomide. While CD2AP knockdown had the opposite effects. Mechanistically, we revealed that CD2AP interacted with TRIM5, an NF-κB modulator. CD2AP overexpression and knockdown increased and decreased TRIM5 levels as well as the NF-κB activity, respectively. Moreover, downregulation of TRIM5 reversed elevated NF-κB activity in GBM cells with CD2AP overexpression; and inhibition of the NF-κB activity attenuated malignant features of GBM cells with CD2AP overexpression. Our findings demonstrate that CD2AP promotes GBM progression through activating TRIM5-mediated NF-κB signaling and that downregulation of CD2AP can attenuate GBM malignancy, suggesting that CD2AP may become a biomarker and the CD2AP-TRIM5-NF-κB axis may become a therapeutic target for GBM."
1647,brain tumour,39352614,Factors associated with the distribution of brain metastases in lung cancer: a retrospective study.,"The distribution of brain metastases (BMs) in patients with lung cancer may be associated with the primary tumor-related factors and cerebral small vascular diseases (CSVDs). The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of the above factors on the distribution of BMs. A total of 5,788 lesions in 823 patients with BMs from lung cancer were enrolled. The numbers of BMs and CSVDs in 15 brain regions were determined. CSVDs include recent small subcortical infarcts (RSSIs), perivascular spaces, and lacunes of presumed vascular origin (LPVOs). We collected the number of CSVDs, and primary tumor-related factors (including clinical and imaging features) in lung cancer patients with BMs. Univariate and multivariate linear regression were utilized to analyze the potential influence of the above factors on the number of BMs in 15 brain regions. In addition, we performed subgroup analyses of all patients with adenocarcinoma (AD), female patients with AD, male patients with AD, and patients with small cell lung cancer. Univariate linear regression analyses showed that bone metastasis, adrenal metastasis, RSSIs, and LPVOs were associated with the number of BMs in over half of the examined brain regions. Only the independent association of LVPOs persisted in the multivariate linear regression analyses, and similar phenomenon was found in the subgroup analyses. In conclusion, the distribution of BMs in lung cancer patients appears to be associated with the presence of LVPOs, while primary tumor-related factors have less influence."
1648,brain tumour,39352574,Purines and purinergic receptors in primary tumors of the central nervous system.,"Purine nucleotides and nucleosides play critical roles in various pathological conditions, including tumor cell growth. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) activates pro-tumor receptors, while adenosine (ADO) is a potent immunosuppressant and modulator of cell growth. This study aims to analyze the purinergic actions of ATP and its metabolites, associated enzymes, and P1 or P2 class receptors in primary central nervous system tumors. Additionally, we sought to correlate the levels of nucleosides and the density of P1, P2X, and P2Y receptors in cells with tumor progression. The results indicate that purinergic signaling depends on the receptor concentration and signaling molecules specific to each cell type, tissue, and tumor histology. The purinergic system may function as either a tumor-promoting agent or an antitumor factor, depending on the microenvironmental conditions and the concentrations of receptors and their respective activators. Notably, ATP emerges as the most significant extracellular signal, capable of being converted into other cellular stimulators pertinent to neoplasms, such as adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, adenosine, and inosine. Consequently, a cascade of responses to these stimuli promotes tumor development, cell division, and metastasis. Purine nucleotides in central nervous system tumors are pivotal in cellular responses in glioblastoma multiforme, vestibular schwannoma, medulloblastoma, adenomas, gliomas, meningiomas, and pineal tumors. These findings hold the potential for developing novel therapeutic strategies and aiding in therapeutic management."
1649,brain tumour,39352546,"Neurotoxicity of the antineoplastic drugs: ""Doxorubicin"" as an example.","There is an increased prevalence of cancer, and chemotherapy is widely and routinely utilized to manage the majority of cancers; however, administration of chemotherapeutic drugs has faced limitations concerning the ""off-target"" cytotoxicity. Chemobrain and impairment of neurocognitive functions have been observed in a significant fraction of cancer patients or survivors and reduce their life quality; this could be ascribed to the ability of chemotherapeutic drugs to alter the structure and function of the brain. Doxorubicin (DOX), an FDA-approved chemotherapeutic drug with therapeutic effectiveness, is commonly used to treat several carcinomas clinically. DOX-triggered neurotoxicity is the most serious adverse reaction after DOX-induced cardiotoxicity which greatly limits its clinical application. DOX-induced neurotoxicity is a net of multiple mechanisms that have been verified in pre-clinical and clinical studies, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial disruption, apoptosis, autophagy, disruption of neurotransmitters, and impairment of neurogenesis. There is a massive need for developing novel therapeutics for both cancer and DOX-associated neurotoxicity; therefore investigating the implicated mechanisms of DOX-induced chemobrain will reveal multi-targets for novel curative strategies. Recently, various neuroprotective mechanisms were employed to mitigate DOX-mediated neurotoxicity. For this purpose, therapeutic interventions using pharmacological compounds were developed to protect healthy ""off-target"" tissues from DOX-induced toxicity. In addition, nanoplatforms were used to enable target delivery of DOX; to prevent its deposition in non-cancerous tissues. The aim of the current review is to provide some reference value for the future management of DOX-induced neurotoxicity and to summarize the underlying mechanisms of DOX-mediated neurotoxicity and the potential therapeutic interventions."
1650,brain tumour,39352539,Construction and validation of a machine learning-based immune-related prognostic model for glioma.,"Glioma stands as the most prevalent primary brain tumor found within the central nervous system, characterized by high invasiveness and treatment resistance. Although immunotherapy has shown potential in various tumors, it still faces challenges in gliomas. This study seeks to develop and validate a prognostic model for glioma based on immune-related genes, to provide new tools for precision medicine."
1651,brain tumour,39352464,Centromeres in cancer: Unraveling the link between chromosomal instability and tumorigenesis.,"Centromeres are critical structures involved in chromosome segregation, maintaining genomic stability, and facilitating the accurate transmission of genetic information. They are key in coordinating the assembly and help keep the correct structure, location, and function of the kinetochore, a proteinaceous structure vital for ensuring proper chromosome segregation during cell division. Abnormalities in centromere structure can lead to aneuploidy or chromosomal instability, which have been implicated in various diseases, including cancer. Accordingly, abnormalities in centromeres, such as structural rearrangements and dysregulation of centromere-associated proteins, disrupt gene function, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor progression. For instance, altered expression of CENP-A, CENP-E, and others such as BUB1, BUBR1, MAD1, and INCENP, have been shown to ascribe to centromere over-amplification, chromosome missegregation, aneuploidy, and chromosomal instability; this, in turn, can culminate in tumor progression. These centromere abnormalities also promoted tumor heterogeneity by generating genetically diverse cell populations within tumors. Advanced techniques like fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and chromosomal microarray analysis are crucial for detecting centromere abnormalities, enabling accurate cancer classification and tailored treatment strategies. Researchers are exploring strategies to disrupt centromere-associated proteins for targeted cancer therapies. Thus, this review explores centromere abnormalities in cancer, their molecular mechanisms, diagnostic implications, and therapeutic targeting. It aims to advance our understanding of centromeres' role in cancer and develop advanced diagnostic tools and targeted therapies for improved cancer management and treatment."
1652,brain tumour,39352443,How i do it: Robot-assisted transcerebellar stereotactic approach for brainstem lesion.,"Stereotactic approaches to diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) remain essential due to advances in molecular biology and management, necessitating tissue sampling. Here we present an effective technique with a biopsy by robot-assisted transcerebellar approach."
1653,brain tumour,39351917,The impact of gliomas on the normal brain microenvironment: a pilot study.,"Gliomas are malignant tumors of neuronal support cells within the central nervous system (CNS) and are characterized by poor overall prognoses and limited treatment options due to their infiltrative growth patterns. The neural tumor microenvironment, composed of benign neurons, neuroglia, endothelial cells, and intravascular white blood cells, is a target-rich site for potential chemotherapeutic agents. This study assessed cell proliferation rates, white blood cell components, and a limited number of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and membrane markers using immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded benign and glial tumor tissue samples from the CNS. It was observed that glioma tissues had increased rates of glial cell proliferation and significant increases in the number of observed T-lymphocytes and granulocytes but decreased expression of markers Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) when compared to benign tissue samples. Understanding the lack of protein expression and population expansion potential of the glioma microenvironment in greater detail could help identify valuable therapeutic target combinations for future treatments."
1654,brain tumour,39351871,The TRIM-NHL RNA-binding protein Brain Tumor coordinately regulates expression of the glycolytic pathway and vacuolar ATPase complex.,"The essential Drosophila RNA-binding protein Brain Tumor (Brat) represses specific genes to control embryogenesis and differentiation of stem cells. In the brain, Brat functions as a tumor suppressor that diminishes neural stem cell proliferation while promoting differentiation. Though important Brat-regulated target mRNAs have been identified in these contexts, the full impact of Brat on gene expression remains to be discovered. Here, we identify the network of Brat-regulated mRNAs by performing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) following depletion of Brat from cultured cells. We identify 158 mRNAs, with high confidence, that are repressed by Brat. De novo motif analysis identified a functionally enriched RNA motif in the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of Brat-repressed mRNAs that matches the biochemically defined Brat binding site. Integrative data analysis revealed a high-confidence list of Brat-repressed and Brat-bound mRNAs containing 3'UTR Brat binding motifs. Our RNA-seq and reporter assays show that multiple 3'UTR motifs promote the strength of Brat repression, whereas motifs in the 5'UTR are not functional. Strikingly, we find that Brat regulates expression of glycolytic enzymes and the vacuolar ATPase complex, providing new insight into its role as a tumor suppressor and the coordination of metabolism and intracellular pH."
1655,brain tumour,39351820,Quantitative assessment of residual tumor is a strong and independent predictor of survival in methylated glioblastoma following radiochemotherapy with CCNU/TMZ.,"Maximum tumor resection improves overall survival (OS) in patients with glioblastoma. The extent of resection (EOR) is historically dichotomized. The RANO resect group recently proposed criteria for volumetry-based EOR assessment in patients that were treated according to Stupp´s protocol. The purpose of this study was (1) to investigate the prognostic value of EOR in patients receiving combined chemotherapy with lomustine (CCNU)/temozolomide (TMZ), and (2) to analyse the prognostic performance of binary EOR assessment compared to volumetric assessment."
1656,brain tumour,39351771,Targeted radionuclide therapy for patients with CNS metastasis: overlooked potential?,"Targeted radionuclide therapy is an emerging therapeutic concept for metastatic cancer that can be considered if a tumor can be delineated by nuclear medicine imaging and also targeted based on expression of a particular target (thera-nostics). This mode of treatment can also compete with or supplement conventional radiotherapy e.g., if MRI does not fully capture the extent of disease, including microscopic metastases. Targeted radionuclide therapy for patients with thyroid cancer, with certain somatostatin receptor 2-expressing tumors and with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-expressing prostate cancer are approved, and numerous approaches of targeted radionuclide therapy for patients with metastatic cancer are in development (e.g. using fibroblast activation protein (FAP) as a target). Although brain metastases are rare in the cancers with approved targeted radionuclide therapies, there is no a priori reason to assume that such treatments would not be effective against brain metastases if the targets are expressed and not shielded by the blood brain barrier. Here, we discuss the current state of the art and opportunities of targeted radionuclide therapies for patients with brain and leptomeningeal metastases."
1657,brain tumour,39351450,Emerging roles of CircRNA-miRNA networks in cancer development and therapeutic response.,"The complex interplay of epigenetic factors is essential in regulating the hallmarks of cancer and orchestrating intricate molecular interactions during tumor progression. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), known for their covalently closed loop structures, are non-coding RNA molecules exceptionally resistant to enzymatic degradation, which enhances their stability and regulatory functions in cancer. Similarly, microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs with linear structures that regulate cellular biological processes akin to circRNAs. Both miRNAs and circRNAs exhibit aberrant expressions in various cancers. Notably, circRNAs can function as sponges for miRNAs, influencing their activity. The circRNA/miRNA interaction plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cancer progression, including in brain, gastrointestinal, gynecological, and urological cancers, influencing key processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and more. Additionally, this interaction impacts the response of tumor cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy and contributes to immune evasion, a significant challenge in cancer therapy. Both circRNAs and miRNAs hold potential as biomarkers for cancer prognosis and diagnosis. In this review, we delve into the circRNA-miRNA circuit within human cancers, emphasizing their role in regulating cancer hallmarks and treatment responses. This discussion aims to provide insights for future research to better understand their functions and potentially guide targeted treatments for cancer patients using circRNA/miRNA-based strategies."
1658,brain tumour,39350562,Posterior pituitary tumors and other rare entities involving the pituitary gland.,"Non-neuroendocrine tumors account for around 10% of all primary neoplasms of the sella. If meningiomas, craniopharyngiomas, and germ cell tumors are excluded, the remaining lesions include a broad spectrum of uncommon, benign, and aggressive, often diagnostically challenging lesions. This review aims to summarize the essential clinicopathological features of tumors of the posterior pituitary gland, infundibulum spectrum expressing thyroid transcription factor 1, and primary sellar atypical rhabdoid teratoid tumor, and provide the criteria for their diagnosis and management."
1659,brain tumour,39350330,The Interplay between MiR-134/BDNF and LKB1/AMPK/SIRT1 Accentuates the Antidepressant Efficacy of Empagliflozin in Ovariectomized Rats.,"Major depressive disorder (MDD) is considered a major cause of suicide worldwide. As previous studies revealed that neuroinflammation is a significant factor in the etiology of MDD, this study proposed to unravel the possible antidepressant effect of Empagliflozin (EMPA) through targeting miRNA-134 (miR-134)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) axes in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. Rats were assigned randomly to four groups: Sham operation (SO), OVX, OVX + EMPA (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.), and OVX + EMPA + Dorsomorphin (DORSO) (25 μg/day/rat, i.v.). Drugs were administered for 28 days after 2 weeks of surgery. EMPA debilitated OVX-induced depressive-like behavior by mitigating the immobility time in the tail suspension test and forced swimming test. Moreover, EMPA curtailed OVX-induced alterations of serum estradiol, hippocampal serotonin, miR-134 expression, as well as BDNF. EMPA also dwindled OVX-induced changes of hippocampal p-LKB1/LKB1, p-AMPK/AMPK, SIRT1, and inflammatory markers (nuclear factor-kappa-B, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha). Additionally, the EMPA-treated group exhibited marked improvement in different brain regions' histopathology. However, DORSO coadministration reversed most of EMPA's beneficial effects. The current study displayed the modulatory role of EMPA on miR-134/BDNF and LKB1/AMPK/SIRT1 axes, thus offering a partial explanation of its antidepressant efficacy and proposing EMPA as a novel therapeutic avenue for MDD."
1660,brain tumour,39350284,Personalized prediction of immunotherapy response in lung cancer patients using advanced radiomics and deep learning.,"Lung cancer (LC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, and immunotherapy (IO) has shown promise in treating advanced-stage LC. However, identifying patients likely to benefit from IO and monitoring treatment response remains challenging. This study aims to develop a predictive model for progression-free survival (PFS) in LC patients with IO based on clinical features and advanced imaging biomarkers."
1661,brain tumour,39350223,Targeting DNM1L/DRP1-FIS1 axis inhibits high-grade glioma progression by impeding mitochondrial respiratory cristae remodeling.,"The dynamics of mitochondrial respiratory cristae (MRC) and its impact on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) play a crucial role in driving the progression of high-grade glioma (HGG). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear."
1662,brain tumour,39350123,Effect of the mRNA decapping enzyme scavenger (DCPS) inhibitor RG3039 on glioblastoma.,"Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) have a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The mRNA decapping enzyme scavenger (DCPS) is a cap-hydrolyzing enzyme. The DCPS inhibitor RG3039 exhibited excellent central nervous system bioavailability in vivo and was safe and well tolerated in healthy volunteers in a phase 1 clinical trial. In this study, we investigated the expression of DCPS in GBM and the anti-tumor activity of RG3039 in various preclinical models of GBM."
1663,brain tumour,39349960,Effects of the lncRNA NBR2 on the proliferation and autophagy of breast cancer cells under starvation conditions.,"An increasing number of studies indicate that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in tumour proliferation, migration and other vital processes and are expected to become novel biomarkers for early cancer screening. The expression of the lncRNA NBR2 (adjacent breast cancer suppressor BRCA1) has been found to decrease in several cancer types. However, it is still unknown whether the lncRNA NBR2 is involved in breast cancer and autophagy. According to the Kaplan-Meier plotter survival curve analysis, the survival rate of the group with high lncRNA-NBR2 expression was higher than that of the group with low lncRNA-NBR2 expression. The suppression of cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration by the lncRNA NBR2 has been demonstrated, suggesting that this lncRNA is involved in the development and progression of cancer. Our subsequent study revealed that the lncRNA NBR2 inhibited autophagy in breast cancer cells, and that starvation conditions enhanced this inhibitory effect. Moreover, this lncRNA changed the proliferation ability of breast cancer cells by affecting protective autophagy. The aim of this study was to investigate the link between starvation and lncRNAs by evaluating changes in autophagy-related proteins, cell proliferation and other biological processes. Together, these studies provide strategies for the early screening of breast cancer and suggest that starvation therapy can be used as a new approach for the treatment of cancer."
1664,brain tumour,39349911,The Role of Metastasectomy in Patients with Liver-Only Metastases from Gastric Adenocarcinoma.,"The role of metastasectomy in patients with liver-only metastases from gastric adenocarcinoma remains under investigation. Therefore, we performed a national registry analysis comparing surgical treatment options for patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and liver-only metastases."
1665,brain tumour,39349785,Deep Learning Approaches for Brain Tumor Detection and Classification Using MRI Images (2020 to 2024): A Systematic Review.,"Brain tumor is a type of disease caused by uncontrolled cell proliferation in the brain leading to serious health issues such as memory loss and motor impairment. Therefore, early diagnosis of brain tumors plays a crucial role to extend the survival of patients. However, given the busy nature of the work of radiologists and aiming to reduce the likelihood of false diagnoses, advancing technologies including computer-aided diagnosis and artificial intelligence have shown an important role in assisting radiologists. In recent years, a number of deep learning-based methods have been applied for brain tumor detection and classification using MRI images and achieved promising results. The main objective of this paper is to present a detailed review of the previous researches in this field. In addition, This work summarizes the existing limitations and significant highlights. The study systematically reviews 60 articles researches published between 2020 and January 2024, extensively covering methods such as transfer learning, autoencoders, transformers, and attention mechanisms. The key findings formulated in this paper provide an analytic comparison and future directions. The review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of automatic techniques that may be useful for professionals and academic communities working on brain tumor classification and detection."
1666,brain tumour,39349775,"The trends in diagnosis, management, and care of patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas: Perspectives from a tertiary care hospital of pakistan.","Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) primarily affects pediatric patients. Data on the global incidence of DIPG remain sparse, especially in South Asia and low-middle-income countries like Pakistan."
1667,brain tumour,39349713,Comment on - Is add-on Bevacizumab therapy to Temozolomide and radiotherapy associated with clinical utility for newly diagnosed Glioblastoma? A systematic review and meta-analysis.,No abstract found
1668,brain tumour,39349591,Integrated multi-omics assessment of lineage plasticity in a prostate cancer patient with brain and dural metastases.,"Metastases to the brain are rare in prostate cancer. Here, we describe a patient with two treatment-emergent metastatic lesions, one to the brain with neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) histology and one to the dural membrane of adenocarcinoma histology. We performed genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic characterization of these lesions and the primary tumor to investigate molecular features promoting these metastases. The two metastatic lesions had high genomic similarity, including TP53 mutation and PTEN deletion, with the most striking difference being the additional loss of RB1 in the NEPC lesion. Interestingly, the dural lesion expressed both androgen receptor and neuroendocrine markers, suggesting amphicrine carcinoma (AMPC). When analyzing pioneer transcription factors, the AMPC lesion exhibited elevated FOXA1 activity while the brain NEPC lesion showed elevated HOXC10, NFYB, and OTX2 expression suggesting novel roles in NEPC formation or brain tropism. Our results highlight the utility of performing multi-omic characterization, especially in rare cancer subtypes."
1669,brain tumour,39349589,Astrocytes are enablers of brain metastases.,No abstract found
1670,brain tumour,39349581,Transcriptomic and proteomic spatial profiling of pediatric and adult diffuse midline glioma H3 K27-Altered.,"Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered (DMG) are highly aggressive malignancies of the central nervous system (CNS) that primarily affect the pediatric population. Large scale spatial transcriptomic studies have implicated that tumor microenvironmental landscape plays an important role in determining the phenotypic differences in tumor presentation and clinical course, however, data connecting overall transcriptomic changes to the protein level is lacking. The NanoString GeoMx"
1671,brain tumour,39349410,Pituitary Apoplexy in Pregnancy: Neonatal Implications.,No abstract found
1672,brain tumour,39349265,Cancer and left atrial enlargement in patients with ischemic stroke.,"Cancer is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation. Whether cancer is also associated with atrial cardiopathy, another atrial pathology associated with heightened ischemic stroke risk, is uncertain."
1673,brain tumour,39349200,Comparative assessment of acute neurotoxicity of real-world ultra-fine black carbon emitted from residential solid fuel combustion.,"Incomplete combustion of residential solid fuel is one of the main anthropogenic sources for black carbon (BC). Fresh BC, mainly enriched in ultra-fine fraction of particles, can directly cross blood-brain barrier and are reported to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Because of the difficulties in collection and purification of BC from ambient particles, there are still significant knowledge gaps in understanding neurotoxicity caused by real-world BC. The purpose of this study is to compare the neurotoxic effects caused by BCs emitted from combustion of six residential solid fuels, and try to reveal associated biological mechanisms in SH-SY5Y cells. Two straw BC (Wheat-BC and Corn-BC) showed highest neurotoxic effects followed by wood BC (Pine-BC and Aspen-BC) and coal BC (Xvzhou and Longkou Coal), as indicated by viability, lactic dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde, adenosine triphosphate and acetylcholine levels. Coal BC caused nearly no toxicity in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells within highest dose of 200 μg/mL. RNA sequence and bioinformatics analysis were applied to effectively identify differential genes and signaling pathways. Based on Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, Protein Protein Interaction network (PPI network) construction, we found biomass BC affected mitochondrial function, interfered with cellular metabolic processes, disturbed redox homeostasis, and finally resulted in cellular damages. Coal-BC mainly caused cytokine/chemokine related inflammatory responses. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting methods were further applied to find out related signaling pathways. Biomass BC activated IL6R/JAK3/STAT3 and JAK3/STAT6 pathways leading to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Coal BC activated JAK3/STAT3 pathway leading to chemokine related responses. This study revealed the heterogeneity in neurotoxicity of BCs from different combustion sources and provided important data for health risk assessment. BC-related neurotoxicity should be considered when making air pollution emission control strategies, with residential biomass receiving more policy attention."
1674,brain tumour,39348995,Therapy Intensity Outweighs the Prognostic Importance of the Timing of Chemoradiotherapy in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Patients.,To investigate the significance of the timing of chemoradiotherapy together with clinical and laboratory features in newly diagnosed glioblastoma.
1675,brain tumour,39348985,Awake Surgery for Right Frontal Lobe Glioma: Preserving Emotional Recognition and Facilitating Early Return to Work.,"Many glioma patients struggle to return to work after surgery because of higher brain dysfunction. Although the right frontal lobe has historically been considered functionally silent, reports of performing awake surgery to evaluate higher brain functions in patients with tumors in this area have increased. We present two cases of patients who underwent awake surgery for malignant glioma in the right frontal lobe to preserve emotional recognition and facilitate an early return to work."
1676,brain tumour,39348637,The encapsulation rate and pH sensitivity of arsenic were improved in liposome nanoparticles by the calcium acetate gradient method.,"The study proposed improving the arsenic encapsulation efficiency (EE) in liposomes and make it pH responsive. Liposomes were prepared using the ethanol injection method (EIM), thin film dispersion method (TFM) and CAGM with sodium arsenite (NaAsO"
1677,brain tumour,39348561,Image Enhancement Using Bidimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition and Morphological Operations for Brain Tumor Detection and Classification.,"Objective: The three steps of brain image processing - preprocessing, segmentation, and classification are becoming increasingly important in patient care. The aim of this article is to present a proposed method in the mentioned three-steps, with emphasis on the preprocessing step, which includes noise removal and contrast enhancement. Methods: The fast and adaptive bidimensional empirical mode decomposition and the anisotropic diffusion equation as well as the modified combination of top-hat and bottom-hat transforms are used for noise reduction and contrast enhancement. Fast C-means clustering with enhanced image is used to detect tumors and the tumor cluster corresponds to the maximum centroid. Finally, Ensemble learning is used for classification. Result: The Figshare brain tumor dataset contains magnetic resonance images used for data selection. The optimal parameters for both noise reduction and contrast enhancement are investigated using a tumor contaminated with Gaussian noise. The results are evaluated against state-of-the-art results and qualitative performance metrics to demonstrate the dominance of the proposed approach. The fast C-means algorithm is applied to detect tumors using twelve enhanced images. The detected tumors were compared to the ground truth and showed an accuracy and specificity of 99% each, and a sensitivity and precision of 90% each. Six statistical features are retrieved from 150 enhanced images using wavelet packet coefficients at level 4 of the Daubechies 4 wavelet function. These features are used to develop the classifier model using ensemble learning to create a model with training and testing accuracy of 96.7% and 76.7%, respectively. When this model is applied to classify twelve detected tumor images, the accuracy is 75%; there are three misclassified images, all of which belong to the pituitary disease group. Conclusion: Based on the research, it appears that the proposed approach could lead to the development of computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) software that physicians can use as a reference for the treatment of rain tumor."
1678,brain tumour,39348350,"Autophagy-associated biomarkers ULK2, UVRAG, and miRNAs miR-21, miR-126, and miR-374: Prognostic significance in glioma patients.","As the pioneering study from Pakistan, our research distinctly focuses on validating the roles of autophagy-associated genes and MicroRNAs (miRs) in the unique context of our population for glioma prognosis. The study delves into the nuanced interplay of autophagy within a miR-modulated environment, prompting an exploration of its potential impact on glioma development and survival. Employing real-time PCR (qPCR), we meticulously assessed the expression profiles of autophagy genes and miRs in glioma tissues, complemented by immunohistochemistry on Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from the same patients. Our comprehensive statistical analyses, including the data normality hypothesis Shapiro-Wilk test, the Mann-Whitney U-test, Spearman correlation test, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, were tailored to unravel the intricate associations specific to low- and high-grade glioma within our population. Clinicopathological analysis revealed a predominance of male patients (66%) with a median age of 35 years. Glioblastoma (32%) and Astrocytoma (36%) were the most prevalent histopathological subtypes. Molecular analysis showed significant correlations between prognostic markers (Ki-67, IDH-1, p53) and clinicopathological factors, including age, histological type, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In high-grade glioma, increased expression of AKT and miR-21, coupled with reduced ULK2 and LC3 expression was distinctly observed. While correlation analysis identified a strong positive correlation between ULK2 and UVRAG, PTEN, miR-7, and miR-100 in low-grade glioma, unveiling distinctive molecular signatures unique to our study. Furthermore, a moderate positive correlation emerged between ULK2 and mTOR, miR-7, miR-30, miR-100, miR-204, and miR-374, also between miR-21 and miR-126. Similarly, a positive correlation appeared between ULK2 and AKT, LC3, PI3K, PTEN, ULK1, VPS34, mTOR, Beclin1, UVRAG, miR-7 and miR-374. AKT positively correlated with LC3, PI3K, PTEN, ULK1, VPS34, mTOR, Beclin1, UVRAG, miR-7, miR-30, miR-204, miR-374, miR-126 and miR-21 weakly correlated with AKT and miR-30 in high-grade glioma, providing further insights into the autophagy pathway within our population. The enrichment analysis for miR-21, miR-126, and miR-374 showed MAPK pathway as a common pathway along with Ras, PI3K, and mTOR pathway. The low ULK2, UVRAG, and miR-374 expression group exhibited significantly poor overall survival in glioma, while miR-21 over-expression indicated a poor prognosis in glioma patients, validating it in our population. This study provides comprehensive insights into the molecular landscape of gliomas, highlighting the dysregulation of autophagy genes ULK2, and UVRAG and the associated miR-21, miR-126 and miR-374 as potential prognostic biomarkers and emphasizing their unique significance in shaping survival outcomes in gliomas within the specific context of the Pakistani population."
1679,brain tumour,39348336,Exceptional Tumor Regression in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Post-Radiotherapy: A Case Study.,"BACKGROUND Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma represent approximately 10% to 20% of all pediatric central nervous system tumors. Classic brain stem symptoms are cranial nerve deficits, long tract signs, ataxia, alone or in combination. Focal radiotherapy has been the standard of care in patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas with minimum response. Here, we present an unusual case with excellent tumor regression with radiotherapy and good clinical outcome. CASE REPORT A 13-year-old girl presented with headache and imbalance during walking for the past 2-3 months, along with a deviation of the right eye in the last month. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested a well-defined solid cystic altered-signal-intensity lesion involving the pons and medulla, causing its expansion up to the midbrain on the left side. The lesion was 4.6×3.7×3.6 cm. We applied the intensity-modulated radiotherapy technique (IMRT) using a 6-MV photon beam with the conventional dose fractionation of 54 Gy in 30 fractions (1.8 Gy/fraction). Three months later, MRI brain with spectroscopy and perfusion showed evidence of non-enhancing, altered-signal-intensity lesion in the pons and medulla, measuring 1.9×2.2×2.4 cm. CONCLUSIONS Early detection of symptoms of DIPG in a young patient along with effective radiological investigation with valid tumor board decision as definitive radiotherapy as a sole therapeutic treatment option and with robust radiotherapy planning resulted in an excellent response, with 80% reduction in gross tumor volume (GTV) as seen in pre-radiotherapy (RT) and post-RT MRI images."
1680,brain tumour,39347716,Zika virus and brain cancer: Can Zika be an effective treatment for brain cancer? A systematic review.,"Many studies have highlighted the use of oncolytic viruses as a new class of therapeutic agents for central nervous system (CNS) tumors, especially glioblastomas (GMB). Zika Virus (ZIKV) proteins targeted to specific stem cells have been studied "
1681,brain tumour,39347676,Impact of Postoperative Chemotherapy on Survival in Patients with Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Study Based on the SEER Database.,
1682,brain tumour,39347241,Use of Neuroendoscopy in Combination Treatment of a Three-Year-Old Patient With Primary Disseminated Medulloblastoma: A Case Report.,"A three-year-four-month-old boy with primary disseminated medulloblastoma M3 stage and secondary occlusive hydrocephalus underwent an endoscopic triventriculocisternostomy (ETVC) and tumor biopsy, followed by ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement due to ETVC failure. The treatment regimen, which included intensive induction chemotherapy, proton beam therapy (PBT), and maintenance chemotherapy, led to significant clinical improvement and a complete radiological response. Four years post-treatment, the child remains in remission, illustrating the effectiveness of a multimodal approach in managing complex cases of medulloblastoma in pediatric patients."
1683,brain tumour,39346979,Spectral library and method for sparse unmixing of hyperspectral images in fluorescence guided resection of brain tumors.,"Through spectral unmixing, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in fluorescence-guided brain tumor surgery has enabled the detection and classification of tumor regions invisible to the human eye. Prior unmixing work has focused on determining a minimal set of viable fluorophore spectra known to be present in the brain and effectively reconstructing human data without overfitting. With these endmembers, non-negative least squares regression (NNLS) was commonly used to compute the abundances. However, HSI images are heterogeneous, so one small set of endmember spectra may not fit all pixels well. Additionally, NNLS is the maximum likelihood estimator only if the measurement is normally distributed, and it does not enforce sparsity, which leads to overfitting and unphysical results. In this paper, we analyzed 555666 HSI fluorescence spectra from 891 ex vivo measurements of patients with various brain tumors to show that a Poisson distribution indeed models the measured data 82% better than a Gaussian in terms of the Kullback-Leibler divergence, and that the endmember abundance vectors are sparse. With this knowledge, we introduce (1) a library of 9 endmember spectra, including PpIX (620 nm and 634 nm photostates), NADH, FAD, flavins, lipofuscin, melanin, elastin, and collagen, (2) a sparse, non-negative Poisson regression algorithm to perform physics-informed unmixing with this library without overfitting, and (3) a highly realistic spectral measurement simulation with known endmember abundances. The new unmixing method was then tested on the human and simulated data and compared to four other candidate methods. It outperforms previous methods with 25% lower error in the computed abundances on the simulated data than NNLS, lower reconstruction error on human data, better sparsity, and 31 times faster runtime than state-of-the-art Poisson regression. This method and library of endmember spectra can enable more accurate spectral unmixing to aid the surgeon better during brain tumor resection."
1684,brain tumour,39346924,Immune checkpoint pathways in glioblastoma: a diverse and evolving landscape.,"Immune checkpoint (IC) inhibition in glioblastoma (GBM) has not shown promising results in the last decade compared to other solid tumors. Several factors contributing to the lack of immunotherapy response include the profound immunosuppressive nature of GBM, highly redundant signaling pathways underlying immune checkpoints, and the negative immunogenic impact of current standard of care on the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we will discuss various ICs in the context of GBM, their interplay with the tumor immune microenvironment, relevant pre-clinical and clinical studies, and the impact of current treatment modalities on GBM IC blockade therapy. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive ICs, and how they contribute to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is critical in advancing IC inhibition therapy in GBM. Furthermore, revisiting current treatment modalities and their impact on the immune landscape is instrumental in designing future combinatorial therapies that may overcome treatment resistance."
1685,brain tumour,39346920,Causal effects and metabolites mediators between immune cell and risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study.,"The involvement of immune cells in colorectal cancer (CRC) and their interplay with metabolic disorders are yet to be fully elucidated. This study examines how peripheral immune cells, inferred genetically, affect CRC and investigates the intermediary roles of metabolites."
1686,brain tumour,39346903,Radiation immunodynamics in patients with glioblastoma receiving chemoradiation.,"This is a prospective, rigorous inquiry into the systemic immune effects of standard adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, for WHO grade 4, glioblastoma. The purpose is to identify peripheral immunologic effects never yet reported in key immune populations, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which are critical to the immune suppressive environment of glioblastoma. We hypothesize that harmful immune-supportive white blood cells, myeloid derived suppressor cells, expand in response to conventionally fractionated radiotherapy with concurrent temozolomide, essentially promoting systemic immunity similar what is seen in chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease."
1687,brain tumour,39346536,Hypoxia-induced TGFBI maintains glioma stem cells by stabilizing EphA2.,
1688,brain tumour,39345892,Pan-Cancer Screening and Validation of CALU's Role in EMT Regulation and Tumor Microenvironment in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.,"Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) significantly contribute to tumor progression and the development of resistance to therapies across a range of malignancies, notably breast cancer. This study aims to elucidate the specific role and prognostic relevance of CALU across multiple cancer types."
1689,brain tumour,39345648,Advancing Clinical Response Against Glioblastoma: Evaluating SHP1705 CRY2 Activator Efficacy in Preclinical Models and Safety in Phase I Trials.,"It has been reported that circadian clock components, Brain and Muscle ARNT-Like 1 (BMAL1) and Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK), are uniquely essential for glioblastoma (GBM) stem cell (GSC) biology and survival. Consequently, we developed a novel Cryptochrome (CRY) activator SHP1705, which inhibits BMAL1-CLOCK transcriptional activity."
1690,brain tumour,39345374,"MAPK/ERK signaling in gliomas modulates interferon responses, T cell recruitment, microglia phenotype, and immune checkpoint blockade efficacy.","Glioblastoma (GB) remains a formidable challenge in neuro-oncology, with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) showing limited efficacy in unselected patients. We previously recently established that MAPK/ERK signaling is associated with overall survival following anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 treatment in recurrent GB. However, the causal relationship between MAPK/ERK signaling and susceptibility to ICB, as well as the mechanisms underlying this association, remain poorly understood."
1691,brain tumour,39345093,Comprehensive analysis of RNA-5-methylcytosine modification in breast cancer brain metastasis.,
1692,brain tumour,39344926,Fiber Optic-Mediated Type I Photodynamic Therapy of Brain Glioblastoma Based on an Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitizer.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal human malignancies. The current standard-of-care is highly invasive with strong toxic side effects, leading to poor prognosis and high mortality. As a safe and effective clinical approach, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a suitable option for GBM. Nevertheless, its implementation is significantly impeded by the limits of light penetration depth and the firm reliance on oxygen. To overcome these challenges, herein, a promising strategy that harnesses a modified optical fiber and less oxygen-dependent Type I aggregation-induced emission (AIE) photosensitizer (PS) is developed for the first time to realize in vivo GBM treatments. The proposed AIE PS, namely TTTMN, characterized by a highly twisted molecular architecture and a bulky spacer, exhibits enhanced near-infrared emission and strong production of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals at the aggregated state, thus affording efficient fluorescence imaging-guided PDT once formulated into nanoparticles. The inhibition of orthotopic and subcutaneous GBM xenografts provides compelling evidence of the treatment efficacy of Type I PDT irradiated through a tumor-inserted optical fiber. These findings highlight the substantially improved therapeutic outcomes achieved through fiber optic-mediated Type I PDT, positioning it as a promising therapeutic modality for GBM."
1693,brain tumour,39344915,Preclinical evaluation of targeted therapies for central nervous system metastases.,"The central nervous system (CNS) represents a site of sanctuary for many metastatic tumors when systemic therapies that control the primary tumor cannot effectively penetrate intracranial lesions. Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) are the most likely of all neoplasms to metastasize to the brain, with up to 60% of patients developing CNS metastases during the disease process. Targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have helped reduce lung cancer mortality but vary considerably in their capacity to control CNS metastases. The ability of these therapies to effectively target lesions in the CNS depends on several of their pharmacokinetic properties, including blood-brain barrier permeability, affinity for efflux transporters, and binding affinity for both plasma and brain tissue. Despite the existence of numerous preclinical models with which to characterize these properties, many targeted therapies have not been rigorously tested for CNS penetration during the discovery process, whereas some made it through preclinical testing despite poor brain penetration kinetics. Several TKIs have now been engineered with the characteristics of CNS-penetrant drugs, with clinical trials proving these efforts fruitful. This Review outlines the extent and variability of preclinical evidence for the efficacy of NSCLC-targeted therapies, which have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or are in development, for treating CNS metastases, and how these data correlate with clinical outcomes."
1694,brain tumour,39344546,"Advances in Understanding Hepatocellular Carcinoma Vasculature: Implications for Diagnosis, Prognostication, and Treatment.","Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progresses through multiple stages of hepatocarcinogenesis, with each stage characterized by specific changes in vascular supply, drainage, and microvascular structure. These vascular changes significantly influence the imaging findings of HCC, enabling non-invasive diagnosis. Vascular changes in HCC are closely related to aggressive histological characteristics and treatment responses. Venous drainage from the tumor toward the portal vein in the surrounding liver facilitates vascular invasion, and the unique microvascular pattern of vessels that encapsulate the tumor cluster (known as a VETC pattern) promotes vascular invasion and metastasis. Systemic treatments for HCC, which are increasingly being used, primarily target angiogenesis and immune checkpoint pathways, which are closely intertwined. By understanding the complex relationship between histopathological vascular changes in hepatocarcinogenesis and their implications for imaging findings, radiologists can enhance the accuracy of imaging diagnosis and improve the prediction of prognosis and treatment response. This, in turn, will ultimately lead to better patient care."
1695,brain tumour,39344523,Chlorin e6-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Targeted by Angiopep-2: Advancing Photodynamic Therapy in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor known for its resistance to standard treatments. Despite surgery being a primary option, it often leads to incomplete removal and high recurrence rates. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds promise as an adjunctive treatment, but safety concerns and the need for high-power lasers have limited its widespread use. This research addresses these challenges by introducing a novel PDT approach, using chlorin e6 (Ce6) enclosed in nanostructured lipid carriers (Ang-Ce6-NLCs) and targeted to GBM with the angiopep-2 peptide. Remarkably, a single 5-min irradiation session with LEDs at 660 nm and low power density (10 mW cm"
1696,brain tumour,39344311,Knockdown of IGF2BP3 Down-Regulates PDCD4 Levels to Attenuate Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage.,"Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a prevalent brain injury with high mortality and morbidity. It results from hypoxia and ischemia of the brain due to various perinatal factors. A previous study showed that knockdown of programmed cell death factor 4 (PDCD4) could reduce infarction injury resulting from ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, exact mechanism by which PDCD4 acts in HIBD is not yet understood. Our aim in present investigation was to investigate the function and mechanism of PDCD4 in alleviating HIBD."
1697,brain tumour,39344147,Feasibility of Circulating Tumor DNA Detection in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Central Nervous System Involvement in Large B-Cell Lymphoma.,"We explored the utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for detecting central nervous system (CNS) involvement in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Secondary CNS involvement in DLBCL, although rare (~5% of cases), presents diagnostic and prognostic challenges during systemic disease progression or relapse. Effective treatment is impeded by the blood-brain barrier. This was a prospective cohort study (Samsung Lymphoma Cohort Study III) involving 17 patients with confirmed CNS involvement. High-throughput sequencing was conducted using targeted gene panels designed to detect low-frequency variants and copy number alterations pertinent to lymphomas in ctDNA extracted from archived CSF samples. Despite challenges such as low DNA concentrations affecting library construction, the overall variant detection rate was 76%. Detected variants included those in genes commonly implicated in CNS lymphoma, such as MYD88. The study highlights the potential of CSF ctDNA sequencing to identify CNS involvement in DLBCL, providing a promising alternative to more invasive diagnostic methods such as brain biopsy, which are not always feasible. Further validation is necessary to establish the clinical utility of this method, which could significantly enhance the management and outcomes of DLBCL patients with suspected CNS involvement."
1698,brain tumour,39344020,Clinical Efficacy and Mechanistic Insights of Anshen Dingzhi Prescription on Breast Cancer-Related PTSD Through Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking.,"Anshen Dingzhi prescription (ADP) is a classic prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used in the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases. However, its treatment of breast cancer-related post-traumatic stress disorder (BC-PTSD) lacks clinical research evidence and its mechanism is not clear. The present study investigated the efficacy and action mechanism of ADP against BC-PTSD. The results of the clinical trial showed that after 4 weeks of treatment, both groups showed reduced post-traumatic stress disorder checklist-civilian version (PCL-C), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores, and increased functional assessment of cancer therapy-breast (FACT-B) scores. The serum cortisol (CORT), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels were decreased and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level were increased, and the improvement of serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and BDNF in treatment group was better than that of the control group. The overall treatment efficacy in the treatment group (43.90%) was superior to that in the control group (23.81%), and the overall incidence of adverse effects was lower than that in the control group. The results of network analysis and molecular docking showed that ADP blood components could act on IL1B, TNF, and BDNF. ADP contributes to the treatment of BC-PTSD symptoms, with a mechanism possibly related to its regulatory effect on TNF-α, IL-1β, and BDNF levels.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, http://www.chictr.org.cn,ChiCTR2300077801."
1699,brain tumour,39344015,Targeting Kidney Inflammation After Brain Death and Cold Storage: Investigating the Potential of an NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor (MCC950) for Preconditioning Donor Kidneys.,"Brain death (BD) and cold storage (CS) are critical factors that induce inflammation in donor kidneys, compromising organ quality. We investigated whether treating kidneys from BD rats with an inflammasome Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inhibitor (MCC950) followed by CS could reduce kidney inflammation."
1700,brain tumour,39343808,Serum uric acid level can predict asymptomatic brain metastasis at diagnosis in patients with small cell lung cancer.,The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between serum uric acid level at diagnosis and asymptomatic brain metastasis in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.
1701,brain tumour,39343770,Clinical implications of cytomegalovirus in glioblastoma progression and therapy.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the deadliest brain cancers with a median survival of only 15 months. This poor prognosis has prompted exploration of novel therapeutic targets for GBM patients. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been implicated in GBM; however, its impact remains poorly defined, and there is conflicting data over the presence of HCMV in tumors. Nonetheless, clinical trials targeting HCMV have shown promising initial data, and evidence suggests that HCMV may negatively impact GBM patient survival by multiple mechanisms including changes in GBM cell behavior and the tumor microenvironment (TME) that potentiate tumor progression as well as therapy-induced virus reactivation. Moreover, HCMV has many effects on host immunity that could impact tumor behavior by altering the TME, which are largely unexplored. The goal of this review is to describe these potential interactions between HCMV and GBM. Better understanding of these processes may allow the development of new therapeutic modalities to improve GBM patient outcomes."
1702,brain tumour,39343609,Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA binding protein 3 is highly expressed in primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the CNS.,"Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS-DLBCL) can be difficult to diagnose because of the limited amount of biopsy tissue. Here, we analyzed the utility of insulin-like growth factor II mRNA binding protein 3 (IMP3) immunohistochemistry (IHC) as an adjunctive diagnostic tool for CNS-DLBCL. IHC was performed on 57 biopsy samples (55 brain biopsy samples and two vitreous cell blocks) from 54 patients with CNS-DLBCL, including three biopsy samples initially diagnosed as negative or indeterminate for CNS-DLBCL. Additionally, IMP3 IHC was performed on 68 DLBCLs other than CNS-DLBCL and 12 inflammatory brain diseases. Cytoplasmic IMP3 expression was noted in ≥50% of tumor cells in 100% (57/57) of CNS-DLBCLs and 88.2% (60/68) of non-CNS-DLBCLs. In contrast, no IMP3-positive CD20-positive B cells were observed in the inflammatory brain disease (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, IMP3 is highly expressed in CNS-DLBCL. However, it is also expressed in other types of DLBCLs, making it less specific. Most CNS-DLBCL cases can be diagnosed without performing IHC for IMP3 expression, but it may be a useful adjunctive tool to differentiate from reactive lesions when tumor cells are few or deformed."
1703,brain tumour,39343572,Glioblastoma Arising in Lynch-like Syndrome after Repeated Development of Colorectal Cancers: A Case Report.,"We herein report a patient with Lynch-like syndrome in whom a brain tumor (glioblastoma) developed after repeated resection of colorectal cancer. The patient had a significant family history of cancer. Immunohistochemical expression of mismatch repair proteins was decreased in both brain and colon tumors, but no pathogenic variant of the related genes was detected. Although brain tumors occasionally develop in Lynch syndrome, they have not been reported in cases of Lynch-like syndrome. This first report of Lynch-like syndrome with the development of glioblastoma suggests the need for further investigation on the surveillance of brain tumors in patients with this syndrome."
1704,brain tumour,39343482,The Role of Neuropsychology in Neurosurgical Care: A Review of the Literature.,"In this review article, the authors describe the invaluable role that neuropsychology plays in neurosurgical care for a broad range of pathologies. As our understanding of cognitive and behavioral implications of diseases and surgical management of the brain has deepened, so has the need to preserve the quality of life for patients undergoing surgery to optimize well-being and overall survival. This article recounts the history of neuropsychology, details tools and techniques used by neuropsychologists including the neuropsychological assessment, fMRI, tractography, and awake surgery, and discusses the practical applications of neuropsychological evaluation in tumor surgery, epilepsy, deep brain modulation, and beyond."
1705,brain tumour,39343380,Neuronavigation Combined With Intraoperative Ultrasound and Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Versus Neuronavigation Alone in Diffuse Glioma Surgery.,This study aimed to integrate intraoperative ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (IMRI) with neuronavigation (NN) to create a multimodal surgical protocol for diffuse gliomas. Clinical outcomes were compared to the standard NN-guided protocol.
1706,brain tumour,39343106,Sleep loss-induced oncogenic pathways are mediated via the neuron-specific interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (AcPb).,"Interleukin-1β (IL1), a pleiotropic cytokine, is involved in sleep regulation, tumor ontogeny, and immune responses. IL1 receptor adaptor proteins, including the IL1 receptor accessory protein (AcP), and its neuron-specific isoform, AcPb, are required for IL1 signaling. The AcPb isoform is resultant from alternate splicing of the AcP transcript. Our previous studies using AcPb null (AcPb"
1707,brain tumour,39342741,Computational modeling of tumor invasion from limited and diverse data in Glioblastoma.,"For diseases with high morbidity rates such as Glioblastoma Multiforme, the prognostic and treatment planning pipeline requires a comprehensive analysis of imaging, clinical, and molecular data. Many mutations have been shown to correlate strongly with the median survival rate and response to therapy of patients. Studies have demonstrated that these mutations manifest as specific visual biomarkers in tumor imaging modalities such as MRI. To minimize the number of invasive procedures on a patient and for the overall resource optimization for the prognostic and treatment planning process, the correlation of imaging and molecular features has garnered much interest. While the tumor mass is the most significant feature, the impacted tissue surrounding the tumor is also a significant biomarker contributing to the visual manifestation of mutations - which has not been studied as extensively. The pattern of tumor growth impacts the surrounding tissue accordingly, which is a reflection of tumor properties as well. Modeling how the tumor growth impacts the surrounding tissue can reveal important information about the patterns of tumor enhancement, which in turn has significant diagnostic and prognostic value. This paper presents the first work to automate the computational modeling of the impacted tissue surrounding the tumor using generative deep learning. The paper isolates and quantifies the impact of the Tumor Invasion (TI) on surrounding tissue based on change in mutation status, subsequently assessing its prognostic value. Furthermore, a TI Generative Adversarial Network (TI-GAN) is proposed to model the tumor invasion properties. Extensive qualitative and quantitative analyses, cross-dataset testing, and radiologist blind tests are carried out to demonstrate that TI-GAN can realistically model the tumor invasion under practical challenges of medical datasets such as limited data and high intra-class heterogeneity."
1708,brain tumour,39342418,LncRNA-Mediated TPI1 and PKM2 Promote Self-Renewal and Chemoresistance in GBM.,"Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance is one of the major reasons for poor prognosis in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in multiple biological processes, including TMZ resistance. Linc00942 is a potential regulator of TMZ sensitivity in GBM cells is shown previously. However, the underlying mechanism of TMZ resistance induced by Linc00942 is unknown. In this study, the sequence of Linc00942 by rapid amplification of cDNA ends assay in TMZ-resistant GBM cells is identified and confirmed that Linc00942 contributes to self-renewal and TMZ resistance in GBM cells. Chromatin isolation by RNA purification followed by mass spectrometry (ChIRP-MS) and followed by Western blotting (ChIRP-WB) assays shows that Linc00492 interacted with TPI1 and PKM2, subsequently promoting their phosphorylation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation. The interaction of Linc00942 with TPI1 and PKM2 leads to increased acetylation of H3K4 and activation of the STAT3/P300 axis, resulting in the marked transcriptional activation of SOX9. Moreover, the knockdown of SOX9 reversed TMZ resistance induced by Linc00492 both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, Linc00942 strongly promotes SOX9 expression by interacting with TPI1 and PKM2 is found, thereby driving self-renewal and TMZ resistance in GBM cells. These findings suggest potential combined therapeutic strategies to overcome TMZ resistance in patients with GBM."
1709,brain tumour,39342345,Novel protein-based prognostic signature linked to immunotherapeutic efficiency in ovarian cancer.,"Personalized medicine remains an unmet need in ovarian cancer due to its heterogeneous nature and complex immune microenvironments, which has gained increasing attention in the era of immunotherapy. A key obstacle is the lack of reliable biomarkers to identify patients who would benefit significantly from the therapy. While conventional clinicopathological factors have exhibited limited efficacy as prognostic indicators in ovarian cancer, multi-omics profiling presents a promising avenue for comprehending the interplay between the tumor and immune components. Here we aimed to leverage the individual proteomic and transcriptomic profiles of ovarian cancer patients to develop an effective protein-based signature capable of prognostication and distinguishing responses to immunotherapy."
1710,brain tumour,39341901,Distant metastasis patterns among lung cancer subtypes and impact of primary tumor resection on survival in metastatic lung cancer using SEER database.,"This research aimed to systematically uncover the metastatic characteristics and survival rates of lung cancer subtypes and to evaluate the impact of surgery at the primary tumor site on cancer-specific survival in DM lung cancer. We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2010-2019) to identify primary lung cancers with DM at presentation (M1). Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival curves were generated and compared utilizing log-rank tests. Cox regression methods were employed to determine hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals related to CSS factors. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was applied to reduce bias. We analyzed 77,827 M1 lung cancer cases, with 41.22% having DM at presentation. Bone metastasis was most common in ADC, ASC, SCC, LCC; brain in LCNEC; liver in SCLC. Lung was common in TC + AC and SCC. Long-term survival was best in TC + AC and worst in SCLC (p < 0.001). Male gender, age < 50, primary tumor site (main bronchus, lower lobe), large tumor diameter, ADC/SCLC/SCC pathology, and regional lymph node involvement were significant risk factors for multiorgan metastasis. Age ≥ 50, male, large tumor diameter, positive lymph nodes, and multiorgan metastases were associated with lower CSS. In contrast, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, systemic therapy, and surgery were associated with higher CSS rates. Primary tumor resection improved survival in lung cancer patients (excluding small cell lung cancer, SCLC) with single organ metastases (KM log rank p < 0.001, HR = 0.6165; 95% CI (0.5468-0.6951)), especially in brain (p < 0.001, HR = 0.6467; 95% CI (0.5505-0.7596)) and bone (p = 0.182, HR = 0.6289; p < 0.01), but not in liver or intrapulmonary metastases after IPTW. Significant differences in DM patterns and corresponding survival rates exist among lung cancer subtypes. Primary tumor resection improves survival in lung cancer patients (excluding small cell lung cancer, SCLC) with single organ metastases, with better outcomes in patients with brain and bone metastases, while no significant benefit was seen in patients with liver and intrapulmonary metastases."
1711,brain tumour,39341708,Feeding the wrath with myelin.,"Kloosterman and colleagues studied molecular and cellular changes during radiation therapy and disease recurrence across molecular subtypes of glioblastoma. They uncovered a distinct immune-cancer cell metabolic crosstalk during proneural/oligodendrocyte progenitor cell-like to mesenchymal-like transition, wherein macrophages feed on cholesterol-rich myelin debris to provide lipids to mesenchymal tumor cells, thereby fueling glioblastoma growth."
1712,brain tumour,39341707,Ultra High-risk Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia.,"Ultra high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) refers to patients with World Health Organization prognostic risk scores of at least 13. The mortality risk for these patients averages 30%. Ultra high-risk GTN more frequently presents with higher tumor volume, liver and/or brain metastases, and very high human chorionic gonadotropin levels. The diagnostic evaluation must include a thorough evaluation for central nervous system disease. Prompt initiation of cisplatin - etoposide induction chemotherapy reduces the risks of early death. Collaborative services such as neurosurgery, radiation oncology, and interventional radiology may be required to manage hemorrhagic lesions."
1713,brain tumour,39341660,Cell and gene therapy in neuro-oncology.,"The majority of primary brain tumors are gliomas, among which glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. GBM has a median survival of 18-24 months, and despite extensive research it remains incurable, thus novel therapies are urgently needed. The current standard of care is a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, but still remains ineffective due to the invasive nature and high recurrence of gliomas. Gene therapy is a versatile treatment strategy investigated for multiple tumor types including GBM. In gene therapy, a variety of vectors are employed to deliver genes designed for different antitumoral effects. Also, over the past decades, stem cell biology has provided a new approach to cancer therapies. Stem cells can be used as regenerative medicine, therapeutic carriers, drug targeting, and generation of immune cells. Stem cell-based therapy allows targeted therapy that spares healthy brain tissue as well as establishes a long-term antitumor response by stimulating the immune system and delivering prodrug, metabolizing genes, or even oncolytic viruses. This chapter describes the latest developments and the current trends in gene and cell-based therapy against GBM from both preclinical and clinical perspectives, including different gene therapy delivery systems, molecular targets, and stem cell therapies."
1714,brain tumour,39341519,ERP44 could serve as a bridge mediating prognosis and immunity for glioma via single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing.,"There was evidence that ERP44 played vital roles in a variety of cancers. However, currently, ERP44 was rarely mentioned in gliomas. Therefore, we firstly integrated proteomics, bulk, as well as single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to study the possible functions of ERP44 in glioma patients."
1715,brain tumour,39341511,Botch improves cognitive impairment after cerebral ischemia associated with microglia-induced A1-type astrocyte activation.,"Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a clinical syndrome that arises from cerebrovascular issues and associated risk factors, resulting in difficulties in at least one area of cognitive function. VCI has emerged as the second most prevalent type of dementia following Alzheimer's disease, yet there is no effective clinical treatment. Botch, an endogenous Notch1 antagonist, demonstrates neuroprotective effects by inhibiting neuroinflammatory responses mediated through the Notch pathway. While its role in stroke-induced neuroinflammation is well-established, its involvement in VCI remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the role and potential mechanisms of Botch in a rat model of cognitive impairment caused by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). Firstly, we observed that Botch levels were down-regulated in BCCAO rats, which correlated with increased release of inflammatory cytokines and neuronal damage. Microglia in BCCAO rats released interleukin-1α (IL-1α), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and complement component 1q (C1q), leading to the activation of neurotoxic C3+ A1 reactive astrocytes. Then, the down-regulation of Botch exacerbated microglia-mediated inflammation, activated C3+ A1 astrocytes, worsened neuronal damage, and led to a decline in cognitive function. Conversely, the re-expression of Botch alleviated C3+ astrocyte activation, inhibited neuronal damage, and improved mental function. In conclusion, Botch plays a crucial role in inhibiting neuroinflammation induced by type A1 reactive astrocytes. It achieves this by blocking the activation of microglia triggered by the Notch pathway. Ultimately, it inhibits neuronal damage to play a neuroprotective role. These findings suggest that Botch may represent a novel potential target for treating VCI."
1716,brain tumour,39341487,PP2 suppresses proliferation and migration of C6 Glioma and MDA-MB-231 cells by targeting both fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and Src.,"Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is involved in the progression of glioma, a most common type of brain tumor, and breast tumors. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effects of the inhibitor PP2 on cell proliferation and migration in glioma and breast tumor cells, and to characterize the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. The inhibitory effect of PP2 on the tumorigenic potential of C6 glioma and MDA-MB-231 cells was examined by proliferation, migration, and invasion assays, and apoptotic analysis. The molecular mechanism behind the anti-glioma activity of PP2 was investigated by immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, phosphoprotein assay, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), and molecular docking modeling. PP2 suppressed the proliferation and migration of C6 glioma and MDA-MB-231 cells via FGF2. Moreover, PP2 directly blocked the enzyme activity of FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) and Src, subsequently affecting the nuclear factor-κB and activator protein-1 signaling pathways. CETSA analysis and the docking model indicated that the TK1 domains (Val 492 ad Glu 486) of FGFR2 could be binding sites of PP2. Collectively, therefore, our findings suggest that PP2 mediates antitumor effects by targeting both FGFR1 and Src and may have applications as a therapeutic inhibitor for the treatment of glioma."
1717,brain tumour,39341452,Integrated proteomic and glycoproteomic analysis reveals heterogeneity and molecular signatures of brain metastases from lung adenocarcinomas.,"Brain metastasis is a major cause of poor prognosis and death in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD); however, the understanding of therapeutic strategies and mechanisms for brain metastases from LUAD (BM-LUAD) remains notably limited, especially at the proteomics levels. To address this issue, we conducted integrated proteomic and glycoproteomic analyses on 49 BM-LUAD tumors, revealing two distinct subtypes of the disease: BM-S1 and BM-S2. Whole exome sequencing analysis revealed that somatic mutations in STK11 and KEAP1, as well as copy number deletions on chr19p13.3, such as STK11, UQCR11, and SLC25A23, were more frequently detected in BM-S2. In BM-S1 tumors, we observed significant infiltration of GFAP + astrocytes, as evidenced by elevated levels of GFAP, GABRA2, GABRG1 and GAP43 proteins and an enrichment of astrocytic signatures in both our proteomic data and external spatial transcriptomic data. Conversely, BM-S2 tumors demonstrated higher levels of PD-1 immune cell infiltration, supported by the upregulation of PD-1 and LAG-3 genes. These findings suggest distinct microenvironmental adaptations required by the different BM-LUAD subtypes. Additionally, we observed unique glycosylation patterns between the subtypes, with increased fucosylation in BM-S1 and enhanced sialylation in BM-S2, primarily affected by glycosylation enzymes such as FUT9, B4GALT1, and ST6GAL1. Specifically, in BM-S2, these sialylation modifications are predominantly localized to the lysosomes, underscoring the critical role of N-glycosylation in the tumor progression of BM-LUAD. Overall, our study not only provides a comprehensive multi-omic data resource but also offers valuable biological insights into BM-LUAD, highlighting potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets for further investigation."
1718,brain tumour,39341126,Rosmarinic acid attenuates glioblastoma cells and spheroids' growth and EMT/stem-like state by PTEN/PI3K/AKT downregulation and ERK-induced apoptosis.,"Glioblastoma (GB) is a highly malignant type of brain cancer with a poor prognosis. Therapeutic strategies for GB are still limited. Rosmarinic acid (RA), a polyphenolic compound, is a promising experimental anticancer agent, but its specific protein targets for GB remain unclear."
1719,brain tumour,39341114,Development and validation of a deep learning-based survival prediction model for pediatric glioma patients: A retrospective study using the SEER database and Chinese data.,"Develop a time-dependent deep learning model to accurately predict the prognosis of pediatric glioma patients, which can assist clinicians in making precise treatment decisions and reducing patient risk."
1720,brain tumour,39341054,Impact of superficial middle cerebral vein compression on peritumoral brain edema of the sphenoid wing meningioma.,Sphenoid wing meningiomas (SWMs) often cause occlusion or stenosis of the superficial middle cerebral vein (SMCV) by tumor compression. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between SMCV compression and peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) in SWM patients and to clarify the importance of surgical preservation of the SMCV in SWM surgery.
1721,brain tumour,39340993,Peptide vaccine design against glioblastoma by applying immunoinformatics approach.,"Brain tumors are considered to be one of the most fatal forms of cancer owing to their highly aggressive attributes, diverse characteristics, and notably low rate of survival. Among these tumors, glioblastoma stands out as the prevalent and perilous variant Despite the present advancements in surgical procedures, pharmacological treatment, and radiation therapy, the overall prognosis remains notably unfavorable, as merely 4.3 % of individuals manage to attain a five-year survival rate; For this reason, it has emerged as a challenge for cancer researchers. Therefore, among several immunotherapy methods, using peptide-based vaccines for cancer treatment is considered promising due to their ability to generate a focused immune response with minimal damage. This study endeavors to devise a multi-epitope vaccine utilizing an immunoinformatics methodology to address the challenge posed by glioblastoma disease. Through this approach, it is anticipated that the duration and expenses associated with vaccine manufacturing can be diminished, while simultaneously enhancing the characteristics of the vaccine. The target gene in this research is ITGA5, which was achieved through TCGA analysis by targeting the PI3K-Akt pathway as a significant association with patient survival. Subsequently, the suitable epitopes of T and B cells were selected through various immunoinformatics tools by analyzing their sequence. Then, nine epitopes were merged with GM-CSF as an adjuvant to enhance immunogenicity. The outcomes encompass molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, simulation of the immune response, prognosis and confirmation of the secondary and tertiary structure, Chemical and physical characteristics, toxicity, as well as antigenicity and allergenicity of the potential vaccine candidate against glioblastoma."
1722,brain tumour,39340898,A biomarker exploration in small-cell lung cancer for brain metastases risk and prophylactic cranial irradiation therapy efficacy.,"Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Limited-stage (LS)-SCLC comprises only one-third of SCLC cases, resulting in limited molecularly targeted therapies and treatment options. Despite advances in thoracic and cranial irradiation leading to improved outcomes, a notable proportion of patients develop brain metastasis (BM), highlighting the importance of identifying high-risk patients for tailored screening and treatment strategies."
1723,brain tumour,39340861,Clinical efficacy and mechanism of Ginkgo biloba extract in the treatment of elderly ischemic cerebrovascular disease.,"The investigation's aim was to explore the medical usefulness and mechanism of GBE in the management of elderly ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD).120 cases of elderly patients with ICVD admitted to our hospital from August 2022 to August 2023 were chosen as participants for this research and the sufferer were allocated to the conventional (60 cases) and GBE group (60 cases) using the method of randomized number. NIHSS score, Barthel index, hemodynamic indexes, serum inflammatory factor levels, platelet-activating factor (PAF) and clinical efficacy were recorded before (T0) and after treatment(T1),and recorded the adverse reactions of the two groups during the treatment. At T1, NIHSS score, WBLSV, PV, HCT, TNF-α, IL-6 and PAF in the two groups, which were all notably reduced compared to T0 and the Barthel index demonstrated a significant increase compared to its T0 value (P<0.05). At T1, GBE group exhibited notably reductions in NIHSS score, WBLSV, PV, HCT, TNF-α, IL-6 and PAF compared to conventional group, whereas Barthel index and the total effective rate were considerably elevated (P<0.05). Incidence of adverse reactions were similar in both groups (P>0.05). GBE has good therapeutic benefits in managing elderly ICVD, effectively facilitate the recuperation of patients' neurological function, has obvious anti-inflammatory effect, improves patients' cerebral circulation and hemorheology indexes and makes the patients' daily life ability significantly improved, which has a good clinical application value."
1724,brain tumour,39340816,Cerebral Microcirculation: Progress and Outlook of Laser Doppler Flowmetry in Neurosurgery and Neurointensive Care.,"Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is a well-established technique for the investigation of tissue microcirculation. Compared to skin, the use in the human brain is sparse. The measurement of cerebral microcirculation in neurointensive care and during neurosurgery is challenging and requires adaptation to the respective clinical setting. The aim of the review is to present state of the art and progress in neurosurgery and neurointensive care where LDF has proven useful and can find clinical importance in the investigation of cerebral microcirculation. The literature in the field is summarized and recent technical improvements regarding LDF systems and fiber optical probe designs for neurosurgical and neurocritical care described. By combining two signals from the LDF unit, the measurement of the microcirculation (Perfusion) and gray whiteness (TLI) of the brain tissue, the full potential of the device is achieved. For example, a forward-looking LDF-probe detects high-risk hemorrhage areas and gray-white matter boundaries along intraoperative trajectories during stereotactic neurosurgery. Proof of principles are given for LDF as a guidance tool in deep brain stimulation implantation, brain tumor needle biopsies, and as long-term monitoring device in neurocritical care. With well-designed fiber optical probes, surgical fixation, and signal processing for movement reduction, LDF monitoring of the cerebral microcirculation is successful up to 10 days. The use of LDF can be combined with other physiological measurement techniques, for example, fluorescence spectroscopy for identification of glioblastoma during tumor surgery. Fiber optics can also be used during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Despite the many advantages, fiber optical LDF has not yet reached its full potential in clinical neuro-applications. Multicenter studies are required to further evaluate LDF in neurosurgery and neurointensive care. In conclusion, the present status of LDF in neurosurgery and neurointensive care has been reviewed. By combining Perfusion and TLI with tailored probe designs the full potential of LDF can be achived in measuring cerebral microcirculation. This includes guidance during DBS implantation and needle biopsies, and long-term monitoring in neurocritical care."
1725,brain tumour,39340691,Repurposing celecoxib as adjuvant therapy in patients with Parkinsonian disease: a new therapeutic dawn: randomized controlled pilot study.,"The clinical presentations of Parkinson's disease (PD), a chronic neurodegenerative condition, include bradykinesia, hypokinesia, stiffness, resting tremor, and postural instability. Recently, neuroinflammation is involved in pathogenesis of PD. Application of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs captured attention to treat these neuroinflammation."
1726,brain tumour,39340649,Cerebellar glioblastoma in adults: a comparative single-center matched pair analysis and systematic review of the literature.,"The rarity of cerebellar glioblastoma presents a significant challenge in clinical practice due to the lack of extensive prognostic data on long-term survival rates, rendering it an underrepresented entity compared to its supratentorial counterpart. This study aims to analyze potential differences in survival outcome between patients with cerebellar and supratentorial glioblastomas."
1727,brain tumour,39340638,Impact on natural history of atypical meningioma after changes in 2016 edition of the world health organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumors: a literature review.,"Meningiomas and their WHO histological diagnostic criteria is complex, especially for grade 2 tumors presenting a interobserver discordance as high as 12.2%. The 2016 edition of the WHO Classification of CNS tumors recommended brain invasion as a stand-alone grading criterion for diagnosing an atypical grade 2 meningioma (AM). To provide an overview of the classification of 2016 WHO impact on the natural history of atypical meningioma (AM) relative to previous classification. To achieve this goal, we selected articles from the period 2017-2024 in Medline search on atypical meningiomas and analyzed them after following the following criteria: 1) reports with confirmed histopathological diagnosis according to WHO 2016 and or 2021 criteria; 2) series and case reports; 3) detailed and individualized clinical outcomes for AM; and 4) papers written in English; after that a total of 3445 patients reported in 67 manuscripts from worldwide centers from 2017 to March 2024 were analyzed. The patient's age at the time of surgery ranged from 1 month to 97 years (mean 52.28 ± 18.7 years). The most common tumor site was the convexity, accounting for 67.8%, followed by the skull base in 30.6%, ventricle in 1%, and spine in 0.6%; Gross total resection (GTR) was performed in 71.25% and subtotal resection (STR) in 28.75%; 1021 patients (29.63%) underwent adjuvant radiotherapy, and 22 patients (0.6%) were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy; tumor recurrence was reported in 1221 patients (35.44%) and 859 deaths (24.93%). 1) AM prevalence in females; 2) AM age distribution similar to the distribution of meningiomas in general; 3) AM recurrence rate of 35.44%, despite the high rate of GTR, which was higher than previously reported; 4) deepening knowledge in molecular mechanism of tumor progression will provide alternative therapeutic approaches for AM."
1728,brain tumour,39340558,Transient MRI changes and neurological deterioration in glioblastoma upon SARS-CoV-2 infection.,"Little is known about the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on glioblastoma (GBM) growth, metabolism, and prognosis. Immunological changes within GBM tissue are potentially symptomatic, underlining the urgent need for a better understanding of this phenomenon. To date, the complex underlying biology has not been fully elucidated. A decisive role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the components of the immune system acting within it is assumed."
1729,brain tumour,39340439,Stereotactic Radiosurgery for 1-10 Brain Metastases to avoid Whole-Brain Radiotherapy - Results of the CYBER-SPACE Randomized Phase 2 Trial.,"Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) is an emerging alternative to whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for treating multiple brain metastases (BM), reducing toxicity and improving tumor control. The CYBER-SPACE trial compared SRS based on either SPACE or MPRAGE MRI sequence for avoiding or delaying WBRT in patients with 1-10 BM."
1730,brain tumour,39340425,"Laminin Beta 2 Is Localized at the Sites of Blood-Brain Barrier and Its Disruption Is Associated With Increased Vascular Permeability, Histochemical, and Transcriptomic Study.","Heterotrimeric extracellular matrix proteins laminins are mostly deposited at basal membranes and are important in repair and neoplasia. Here, we localize laminin beta 2 ("
1731,brain tumour,39340366,A targeted gene expression biomarker predicts clinic low-risk meningioma recurrence.,"Despite reassuring clinical and histological features, low grade meningiomas can recur after surgery. Targeted gene expression profiling improves risk stratification of meningiomas, but the utility of this approach for clinical low-risk meningiomas is incompletely understood."
1732,brain tumour,39340121,Characterizing second line and beyond therapies for primary central nervous system lymphomas.,"Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare and aggressive lymphoma that affects the CNS without other systemic involvement. High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX)-based regimens are recommended frontline treatment, followed by consolidation with either high-dose chemotherapy, whole brain radiation (WBRT) +/- sequential temozolomide (TMZ), or autologous stem cell transplant (autoSCT). Despite advancements with HDMTX and rituximab, up to half of patients will relapse. Treatment for relapsed or refractory (R/R) disease varies widely as preferred regimens are not well-established. Our study aimed to provide real-world characterization of R/R PCNSL therapies. The secondary objective was characterization of consolidation methods after frontline treatment. This retrospective, descriptive analysis included 54 adult PCNSL patients that received a HDMTX-based frontline regimen between 4/1/2016 and 7/1/2022. Patients receiving HDMTX for the purpose of secondary CNS lymphoma, non-B cell origin PCNSL, and intraocular lymphoma were excluded. Thirty-one patients (57%) received consolidation therapy with rituximab and high-dose cytarabine (R-HDAC), WBRT, or both. Thirteen patients (24%) proceeded with autoSCT. Twenty-five patients had disease progression, with 17 patients receiving second line treatment. The second line treatments were WBRT (24%), clinical trial (18%), rituximab with lenalidomide (R"
1733,brain tumour,39339289,The Importance of Biotinylation for the Suitability of Cationic and Neutral Fourth-Generation Polyamidoamine Dendrimers as Targeted Drug Carriers in the Therapy of Glioma and Liver Cancer.,"In this study, we hypothesized that biotinylated and/or glycidol-flanked fourth-generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM G4) dendrimers could be a tool for efficient drug transport into glioma and liver cancer cells. For this purpose, native PAMAM (G4) dendrimers, biotinylated (G4B), glycidylated (G4gl), and biotinylated and glycidylated (G4Bgl), were synthesized, and their cytotoxicity, uptake, and accumulation in vitro and in vivo were studied in relation to the transport mediated by the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT). The studies showed that the human temozolomide-resistant glioma cell line (U-118 MG) and hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) indicated a higher amount of SMVT than human HaCaT keratinocytes (HaCaTs) used as a model of normal cells. The G4gl and G4Bgl dendrimers were highly biocompatible in vitro (they did not affect proliferation and mitochondrial activity) against HaCaT and U-118 MG glioma cells and in vivo (against "
1734,brain tumour,39339270,"Glioblastoma Multiforme: Sensitivity to Antimicrobial Peptides LL-37 and PG-1, and Their Combination with Chemotherapy for Predicting the Overall Survival of Patients.",
1735,brain tumour,39339241,Induction of Non-Canonical Ferroptosis by Targeting Clusters Suppresses Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor. There is a pressing need to develop novel treatment strategies due to the poor targeting effect of current therapeutics. Here, a gold cluster coated with optimized GBM-targeting peptide is engineered, namely NA. NA can efficiently target GBM both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the uptake of NA significantly sensitizes GBM cells to ferroptosis, a form of programmed cell death that can bypass the tumor resistance to apoptosis. This effect is exerted through regulating the HO-1-dependent iron ion metabolism, which is the non-canonical pathway of ferroptosis. The combined treatment of a ferroptosis inducer and NA profoundly inhibited tumor growth in both the GBM spheroid model and a syngeneic mouse model with enhanced ferroptosis levels and excellent biosafety. Importantly, the infiltration of tumoricidal lymphocytes is also significantly increased within tumor. Therefore, NA presents a potential novel nanomaterial-based strategy for GBM treatment."
1736,brain tumour,39339193,In Silico Approach to Model Heat Distribution of Magnetic Hyperthermia in the Tumoral and Healthy Vascular Network Using Tumor-on-a-Chip to Evaluate Effective Therapy.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most severe form of brain cancer in adults, characterized by its complex vascular network that contributes to resistance to conventional therapies. Thermal therapies, such as magnetic hyperthermia (MHT), emerge as promising alternatives, using heat to selectively target tumor cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. The organ-on-a-chip can replicate this complex vascular network of GBM, allowing for detailed investigations of heat dissipation in MHT, while computational simulations refine treatment parameters. In this in silico study, tumor-on-a-chip models were used to optimize MHT therapy by comparing heat dissipation in normal and abnormal vascular networks, considering geometries, flow rates, and concentrations of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). In the high vascular complexity model, the maximum velocity was 19 times lower than in the normal vasculature model and 4 times lower than in the low-complexity tumor model, highlighting the influence of vascular complexity on velocity and temperature distribution. The MHT simulation showed greater heat intensity in the central region, with a flow rate of 1 µL/min and 0.5 mg/mL of MNPs being the best conditions to achieve the therapeutic temperature. The complex vasculature model had the lowest heat dissipation, reaching 44.15 °C, compared to 42.01 °C in the low-complexity model and 37.80 °C in the normal model. These results show that greater vascular complexity improves heat retention, making it essential to consider this heterogeneity to optimize MHT treatment. Therefore, for an efficient MHT process, it is necessary to simulate ideal blood flow and MNP conditions to ensure heat retention at the tumor site, considering its irregular vascularization and heat dissipation for effective destruction."
1737,brain tumour,39338698,Multiple-Point Metamaterial-Inspired Microwave Sensors for Early-Stage Brain Tumor Diagnosis.,"Simple, instantaneous, contactless, multiple-point metamaterial-inspired microwave sensors, composed of multi-band, low-profile metamaterial-inspired antennas, were developed to detect and identify meningioma tumors, the most common primary brain tumors. Based on a typical meningioma tumor size of 5-20 mm, a higher operating frequency, where the wavelength is similar or smaller than the tumor target, is crucial. The sensors, designed for the microwave Ku band range (12-18 GHz), where the electromagnetic property values of tumors are available, were implemented in this study. A seven-layered head phantom, including the meningioma tumors, was defined using actual electromagnetic parametric values in the frequency range of interest to mimic the actual human head. The reflection coefficients can be recorded and analyzed instantaneously, reducing high electromagnetic radiation consumption. It has been shown that a single-band detection point is not adequate to classify the nonlinear tumor and head model parameters. On the other hand, dual-band and tri-band metamaterial-inspired antennas, with additional detecting points, create a continuous function solution for the nonlinear problem by adding extra observation points using multiple-band excitation. The point mapping values can be used to enhance the tumor detection capability. Two-point mapping showed a consistent trend between the S"
1738,brain tumour,39338390,Contribution of [,"Gliomas, the most common type of primary malignant brain tumors in adults, pose significant challenges in diagnosis and management due to their heterogeneity and potential aggressiveness. This review evaluates the utility of O-(2-["
1739,brain tumour,39338377,Complex Diagnostic Challenges in Glioblastoma: The Role of ,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains one of the most aggressive and lethal forms of brain cancer, characterized by rapid proliferation and diffuse infiltration into the surrounding brain tissues. Despite advancements in therapeutic approaches, the prognosis for GBM patients is poor, with median survival times rarely exceeding 15 months post-diagnosis. An accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Core imaging modalities such as Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are indispensable in the initial diagnosis and ongoing management of GBM. Histopathology remains the gold standard for definitive diagnoses, guiding treatment by providing molecular and genetic insights into the tumor. Advanced imaging modalities, particularly positron emission tomography (PET), play a pivotal role in the management of GBM. Among these, 3,4-dihydroxy-6-["
1740,brain tumour,39338247,Effectiveness and Safety of mRNA Vaccines in the Therapy of Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most malignant primary brain tumor, presenting significant treatment challenges due to its heterogeneity, invasiveness, and resistance to conventional therapies. Despite aggressive treatment protocols, the prognosis remains poor, with a median survival time of approximately 15 months. Recent advancements in mRNA vaccine technology, particularly the development of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), have revitalized interest in mRNA-based therapies. These vaccines offer unique advantages, including rapid production, personalization based on tumor-specific mutations, and a strong induction of both humoral and cellular immune responses. mRNA vaccines have demonstrated potential in preclinical models, showing significant tumor regression and improved survival rates. Early-phase clinical trials have indicated that mRNA vaccines are safe and can induce robust immune responses in GBM patients. Combining mRNA vaccines with other immunotherapeutic approaches, such as checkpoint inhibitors, has shown synergistic effects, further enhancing their efficacy. However, challenges such as optimizing delivery systems and overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment remain. Future research should focus on addressing these challenges and exploring combination therapies to maximize therapeutic benefits. Large-scale, randomized clinical trials are essential to validate the efficacy and safety of mRNA vaccines in GBM therapy. The potential to reshape the tumor microenvironment and establish long-term immunological memory underscores the transformative potential of mRNA vaccines in cancer immunotherapy."
1741,brain tumour,39338183,Systematic Review and Clinical Insights: The Role of the Ketogenic Diet in Managing Glioblastoma in Cancer Neuroscience.,"Recent scientific research has shown that the ketogenic diet may have potential benefits in a variety of medical fields, which has led to the diet receiving a substantial amount of attention. Clinical and experimental research on brain tumors has shown that the ketogenic diet has a satisfactory safety profile. This safety profile has been established in a variety of applications, including the management of obesity and the treatment of drug-resistant epileptic cases. However, in human studies, the impact of ketogenic therapy on the growth of tumors and the life expectancy of patients has not provided results that are well characterized. Consequently, our purpose is to improve the comprehension of these features by succinctly presenting the developments and conclusions that have been gained from the most recent study that pertains to this non-pharmacological technique. According to the findings of our study, patients with brain tumors who stick to a ketogenic diet are more likely to experience improved survival rates. However, it is required to conduct additional research on humans in order to more accurately define the anti-tumor efficiency of this diet as well as the underlying processes that support the therapeutic effects of this dieting regimen."
1742,brain tumour,39338153,Brain Stem Glioma Recurrence: Exploring the Therapeutic Frontiers.,"Gliomas of the brainstem represent a small percentage of central nervous system gliomas in adults. Due to the proximity of the tumor to critical structures, radical surgery is highly challenging and limited to selected cases. In addition, postoperative treatments, which become exclusive to non-operable patients, do not guarantee satisfactory disease control, making the progression of the disease inevitable. Currently, there is a lack of therapeutic options to control tumor growth after the diagnosis of recurrence. The rarity of these tumors, their distinct behavioral characteristics, and the limited availability of tumor tissue necessary for the development of prognostic and predictive biomarkers contribute to the absence of a standardized approach for treating recurrent brainstem gliomas. A salvage radiotherapy (RT) retreatment could represent a promising approach for recurrent brainstem gliomas. However, to date, it has been mainly evaluated in pediatric cases, with few experiences available to assess the most appropriate RT dose, safety, and clinical responses in adult patients. This comprehensive review aims to identify instances of adult patients with recurrent brainstem gliomas subjected to a secondary course of RT, with a specific focus on the analysis of treatment-related toxicity and outcomes. Through this investigation, we endeavor to contribute valuable insights into the viability and efficacy of salvage RT retreatment in managing recurrent brainstem gliomas in the adult population."
1743,brain tumour,39337983,Immunological Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of TNF-Alpha and Dependent Trends in Serum IL-6 and CXCL8.,"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has seen a rise in prevalence, and the immune system's role in brain development is increasingly recognized. This study investigates the relationship between immune dysregulation and ASD by examining serum concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (CXCL8), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in children."
1744,brain tumour,39337926,A Unified Pipeline for Simultaneous Brain Tumor Classification and Segmentation Using Fine-Tuned CNN and Residual UNet Architecture.,"In this paper, I present a comprehensive pipeline integrating a Fine-Tuned Convolutional Neural Network (FT-CNN) and a Residual-UNet (RUNet) architecture for the automated analysis of MRI brain scans. The proposed system addresses the dual challenges of brain tumor classification and segmentation, which are crucial tasks in medical image analysis for precise diagnosis and treatment planning. Initially, the pipeline preprocesses the FigShare brain MRI image dataset, comprising 3064 images, by normalizing and resizing them to achieve uniformity and compatibility with the model. The FT-CNN model then classifies the preprocessed images into distinct tumor types: glioma, meningioma, and pituitary tumor. Following classification, the RUNet model performs pixel-level segmentation to delineate tumor regions within the MRI scans. The FT-CNN leverages the VGG19 architecture, pre-trained on large datasets and fine-tuned for specific tumor classification tasks. Features extracted from MRI images are used to train the FT-CNN, demonstrating robust performance in discriminating between tumor types. Subsequently, the RUNet model, inspired by the U-Net design and enhanced with residual blocks, effectively segments tumors by combining high-resolution spatial information from the encoding path with context-rich features from the bottleneck. My experimental results indicate that the integrated pipeline achieves high accuracy in both classification (96%) and segmentation tasks (98%), showcasing its potential for clinical applications in brain tumor diagnosis. For the classification task, the metrics involved are loss, accuracy, confusion matrix, and classification report, while for the segmentation task, the metrics used are loss, accuracy, Dice coefficient, intersection over union, and Jaccard distance. To further validate the generalizability and robustness of the integrated pipeline, I evaluated the model on two additional datasets. The first dataset consists of 7023 images for classification tasks, expanding to a four-class dataset. The second dataset contains approximately 3929 images for both classification and segmentation tasks, including a binary classification scenario. The model demonstrated robust performance, achieving 95% accuracy on the four-class task and high accuracy (96%) in the binary classification and segmentation tasks, with a Dice coefficient of 95%."
1745,brain tumour,39337713,Glial-Cell-Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Promotes Glioblastoma Cell Migration and Invasion via the SMAD2/3-SERPINE1-Signaling Axis.,"Glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is highly expressed and is involved in the malignant phenotype in glioblastomas (GBMs). However, uncovering its underlying mechanism for promoting GBM progression is still a challenging work. In this study, we found that serine protease inhibitor family E member 1 (SERPINE1) was a potential downstream gene of GDNF. Further experiments confirmed that SERPINE1 was highly expressed in GBM tissues and cells, and its levels of expression and secretion were enhanced by exogenous GDNF. SERPINE1 knockdown inhibited the migration and invasion of GBM cells promoted by GDNF. Mechanistically, GDNF increased SERPINE1 by promoting the phosphorylation of SMAD2/3. In vivo experiments demonstrated that GDNF facilitated GBM growth and the expressions of proteins related to migration and invasion via SERPINE1. Collectively, our findings revealed that GDNF upregulated SERPINE1 via the SMAD2/3-signaling pathway, thereby accelerating GBM cell migration and invasion. The present work presents a new mechanism of GDNF, supporting GBM development."
1746,brain tumour,39337661,BMP4 and Temozolomide Synergize in the Majority of Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Cultures.,"One of the main causes of poor prognoses in patient with glioblastoma (GBM) is drug resistance to current standard treatment, which includes chemoradiation and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ). In addition, the concept of cancer stem cells provides new insights into therapy resistance and management also in GBM and glioblastoma stem cell-like cells (GSCs), which might contribute to therapy resistance. Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) stimulates astroglial differentiation of GSCs and thereby reduces their self-renewal capacity. Exposure of GSCs to BMP4 may also sensitize these cells to TMZ. A recent phase I trial has shown that local delivery of BMP4 is safe, but a large variation in survival is seen in these treated patients and in features of their cultured tumors. We wanted to combine TMZ and BMP4 (TMZ + BMP4) therapy and assess the inter-tumoral variability in response to TMZ + BMP4 in patient-derived GBM cultures. A phase II trial could then benefit a larger group of patients than those treated with BMP4 only. We first show that simultaneous treatment with TMZ + BMP4 is more effective than sequential treatment. Second, when applying our optimized treatment protocol, 70% of a total of 20 GBM cultures displayed TMZ + BMP4 synergy. This combination induces cellular apoptosis and does not inhibit cell proliferation. Comparative bulk RNA-sequencing indicates that treatment with TMZ + BMP4 eventually results in decreased MAPK signaling, in line with previous evidence that increased MAPK signaling is associated with resistance to TMZ. Based on these results, we advocate further clinical trial research to test patient benefit and validate pathophysiological hypothesis."
1747,brain tumour,39337602,Nebulized Lipopolysaccharide Causes Delayed Cortical Neuroinflammation in a Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury.,"Lung injury caused by respiratory infection is a major cause of hospitalization and mortality and a leading origin of sepsis. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy and delirium are frequent complications in patients with severe lung injury, yet the pathogenetic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, 70 female C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a single full-body-exposure with nebulized lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Neuromotor impairment was assessed repeatedly and brain, blood, and lung samples were analyzed at survival points of 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h after exposure. qRT-PCR revealed increased mRNA-expression of "
1748,brain tumour,39337552,Magnetic Hyperthermia in Glioblastoma Multiforme Treatment.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents one of the most critical oncological diseases in neurological practice, being considered highly aggressive with a dismal prognosis. At a worldwide level, new therapeutic methods are continuously being researched. Magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) has been investigated for more than 30 years as a solution used as a single therapy or combined with others for glioma tumor assessment in preclinical and clinical studies. It is based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) that are injected into the tumor, and, under the effect of an external alternating magnetic field, they produce heat with temperatures higher than 42 °C, which determines cancer cell death. It is well known that iron oxide nanoparticles have received FDA approval for anemia treatment and to be used as contrast substances in the medical imagining domain. Today, energetic, efficient MNPs are developed that are especially dedicated to MHT treatments. In this review, the subject's importance will be emphasized by specifying the number of patients with cancer worldwide, presenting the main features of GBM, and detailing the physical theory accompanying the MHT treatment. Then, synthesis routes for thermally efficient MNP manufacturing, strategies adopted in practice for increasing MHT heat performance, and significant in vitro and in vivo studies are presented. This review paper also includes combined cancer therapies, the main reasons for using these approaches with MHT, and important clinical studies on human subjects found in the literature. This review ends by describing the most critical challenges associated with MHT and future perspectives. It is concluded that MHT can be successfully and regularly applied as a treatment for GBM if specific improvements are made."
1749,brain tumour,39337531,Gallium Uncouples Iron Metabolism to Enhance Glioblastoma Radiosensitivity.,"Gallium-based therapy has been considered a potentially effective cancer therapy for decades and has recently re-emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of glioblastoma tumors. Gallium targets the iron-dependent phenotype associated with aggressive tumors by mimicking iron in circulation and gaining intracellular access through transferrin-receptor-mediated endocytosis. Mechanistically, it is believed that gallium inhibits critical iron-dependent enzymes like ribonucleotide reductase and NADH dehydrogenase (electron transport chain complex I) by replacing iron and removing the ability to transfer electrons through the protein secondary structure. However, information regarding the effects of gallium on cellular iron metabolism is limited. As mitochondrial iron metabolism serves as a central hub of the iron metabolic network, the goal of this study was to investigate the effects of gallium on mitochondrial iron metabolism in glioblastoma cells. Here, it has been discovered that gallium nitrate can induce mitochondrial iron depletion, which is associated with the induction of DNA damage. Moreover, the generation of gallium-resistant cell lines reveals a highly unstable phenotype characterized by impaired colony formation associated with a significant decrease in mitochondrial iron content and loss of the mitochondrial iron uptake transporter, mitoferrin-1. Moreover, gallium-resistant cell lines are significantly more sensitive to radiation and have an impaired ability to repair any sublethal damage and to survive potentially lethal radiation damage when left for 24 h following radiation. These results support the hypothesis that gallium can disrupt mitochondrial iron metabolism and serve as a potential radiosensitizer."
1750,brain tumour,39337357,Bioinformatic Analysis of ,"Gastrointestinal cancers account for over a quarter of all cancer cases and are associated with poor prognosis and high mortality rates. The IKK complex (the canonical I kappa B kinase), comprising the "
1751,brain tumour,39337305,Non-Cytotoxic Graphene Nanoplatelets Upregulate Cell Proliferation and Self-Renewal Genes of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.,"Graphene nanoplatelets (UGZ-1004) are emerging as a promising biomaterial in regenerative medicine. This study comprehensively evaluates UGZ-1004, focusing on its physical properties, cytotoxicity, intracellular interactions, and, notably, its effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). UGZ-1004 was characterized by lateral dimensions and layer counts consistent with ISO standards and demonstrated a high carbon purity of 0.08%. Cytotoxicity assessments revealed that UGZ-1004 is non-toxic to various cell lines, including 3T3 fibroblasts, VERO kidney epithelial cells, BV-2 microglia, and MSCs, in accordance with ISO 10993-5:2020/2023 guidelines. The study focused on MSCs and revealed that UGZ-1004 supports their gene expression alterations related to self-renewal and proliferation. MSCs exposed to UGZ-1004 maintained their characteristic surface markers. Importantly, UGZ-1004 promoted significant upregulation of genes crucial for cell cycle regulation and DNA repair, such as CDK1, CDK2, and MDM2. This gene expression profile suggests that UGZ-1004 can enhance MSC self-renewal capabilities, ensuring robust cellular function and longevity. Moreover, UGZ-1004 exposure led to the downregulation of genes associated with tumor development, including CCND1 and TFDP1, mitigating potential tumorigenic risks. These findings underscore the potential of UGZ-1004 to not only bolster MSC proliferation but also enhance their self-renewal processes, which are critical for effective regenerative therapies. The study highlights the need for continued research into the long-term impacts of graphene nanoplatelets and their application in MSC-based regenerative medicine."
1752,brain tumour,39337267,Proteomics Studies on Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Glioblastoma: Where Do We Stand?,"Like most tumors, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the deadliest brain tumor in human adulthood, releases extracellular vesicles (EVs). Their content, reflecting that of the tumor of origin, can be donated to nearby and distant cells which, by acquiring it, become more aggressive. Therefore, the study of EV-transported molecules has become very important. Particular attention has been paid to EV proteins to uncover new GBM biomarkers and potential druggable targets. Proteomic studies have mainly been performed by ""bottom-up"" mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of EVs isolated by different procedures from conditioned media of cultured GBM cells and biological fluids from GBM patients. Although a great number of dysregulated proteins have been identified, the translation of these findings into clinics remains elusive, probably due to multiple factors, including the lack of standardized procedures for isolation/characterization of EVs and analysis of their proteome. Thus, it is time to change research strategies by adopting, in addition to harmonized EV selection techniques, different MS methods aimed at identifying selected tumoral protein mutations and/or isoforms due to post-translational modifications, which more deeply influence the tumor behavior. Hopefully, these data integrated with those from other ""omics"" disciplines will lead to the discovery of druggable pathways for novel GBM therapies."
1753,brain tumour,39337238,Predictors of Coping Strategies in Caregivers of Family Members with a Brain Tumor: A Correlational Study.,"Brain tumor patients confront numerous challenges arising from diagnosis and treatment, and these impact the patient's physical, mental, and social functions at all levels. Primary informal caregivers assume a pivotal role in home-based patient care. Of particular importance are the coping strategies employed by family caregivers, as they can influence both their own health and the overall quality of home care. This study aimed to explore the associations among family function, caregiving competence, and coping strategies among primary informal caregivers."
1754,brain tumour,39336752,Simultaneous Visualization of R-Loops/RNA:DNA Hybrids and Replication Forks in a DNA Combing Assay.,"R-loops, structures that play a crucial role in various biological processes, are integral to gene expression, the maintenance of genome stability, and the formation of epigenomic signatures. When these R-loops are deregulated, they can contribute to the development of serious health conditions, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The detection of R-loops is a complex process that involves several approaches. These include S9.6 antibody- or RNAse H-based immunoprecipitation, non-denaturing bisulfite footprinting, gel electrophoresis, and electron microscopy. Each of these methods offers unique insights into the nature and behavior of R-loops. In our study, we introduce a novel protocol that has been developed based on a single-molecule DNA combing assay. This innovative approach allows for the direct and simultaneous visualization of RNA:DNA hybrids and replication forks, providing a more comprehensive understanding of these structures. Our findings confirm the transcriptional origin of the hybrids, adding to the body of knowledge about their formation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these hybrids have an inhibitory effect on the progression of replication forks, highlighting their potential impact on DNA replication and cellular function."
1755,brain tumour,39336505,The Role of Repeated Surgical Resections for Recurrent Brain Metastases in Older Population.,
1756,brain tumour,39336077,The Fluorinated NAD Precursors Enhance FK866 Cytotoxicity by Activating SARM1 in Glioblastoma Cells.,"Glioblastoma, a formidable brain tumor characterized by dysregulated NAD metabolism, poses a significant therapeutic challenge. The NAMPT inhibitor FK866, which induces NAD depletion, has shown promise in controlling tumor proliferation and modifying the tumor microenvironment. However, the clinical efficacy of FK866 as a single drug therapy for glioma is limited. In this study, we aim to disrupt NAD metabolism using fluorinated NAD precursors and explore their synergistic effect with FK866 in inducing cytotoxicity in glioblastoma cells. The synthesized analogue of nicotinamide riboside (NR), ara-F nicotinamide riboside (F-NR), inhibits nicotinamide ribose kinase (NRK) activity in vitro, reduces cellular NAD levels, and enhances FK866's cytotoxicity in U251 glioblastoma cells, indicating a collaborative impact on cell death. Metabolic analyses reveal that F-NR undergoes conversion to fluorinated nicotinamide mononucleotide (F-NMN) and other metabolites, highlighting the intact NAD metabolic pathway in glioma cells. The activation of SARM1 by F-NMN, a potent NAD-consuming enzyme, is supported by the synergistic effect of CZ-48, a cell-permeable SARM1 activator. Temporal analysis underscores the sequential nature of events, establishing NAD depletion as a precursor to ATP depletion and eventual massive cell death. This study not only elucidates the molecular intricacies of glioblastoma cell death but also proposes a promising strategy to enhance FK866 efficacy through fluorinated NAD precursors, offering potential avenues for innovative therapeutic interventions in the challenging landscape of glioblastoma treatment."
1757,brain tumour,39335770,Comparative Performance of Autoencoders and Traditional Machine Learning Algorithms in Clinical Data Analysis for Predicting Post-Staged GKRS Tumor Dynamics.,
1758,brain tumour,39335753,The Significance of C-Reactive Protein Value and Tumor Grading for Malignant Tumors: A Systematic Review.,"Malignant tumors represent a significant pathology with a profound global impact on the medical system. The fight against cancer represents a significant challenge, with multidisciplinary teams identifying numerous areas requiring improvement to enhance the prognosis. Facilitating the patient's journey from diagnosis to treatment represents one such area of concern. One area of research interest is the use of various biomarkers to accurately predict the outcome of these patients. A substantial body of research has been conducted over the years examining the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) and malignant tumors. The existing literature suggests that combining imaging diagnostic modalities with biomarkers, such as CRP, may enhance diagnostic accuracy."
1759,brain tumour,39335670,From Voxel to Gene: A Scoping Review on MRI Radiogenomics' Artificial Intelligence Predictions in Adult Gliomas and Glioblastomas-The Promise of Virtual Biopsy?,"Gliomas, including the most severe form known as glioblastomas, are primary brain tumors arising from glial cells, with significant impact on adults, particularly men aged 45 to 70. Recent advancements in the WHO (World Health Organization) classification now correlate genetic markers with glioma phenotypes, enhancing diagnostic precision and therapeutic strategies."
1760,brain tumour,39335654,Cytocidal Effects of Interstitial Photodynamic Therapy Using Talaporfin Sodium and a Semiconductor Laser in a Rat Intracerebral Glioma Model.,"This preclinical study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of interstitial PDT (i-PDT) for malignant gliomas arising deep within the brain, which are difficult to remove. C6 glioma cells were implanted into the basal ganglia of rats, and 3 weeks later, the second-generation photosensitizer talaporfin sodium (TPS) was administered intraperitoneally. Ninety minutes after administration, a prototype fine plastic optical fiber was punctured into the tumor tissue, and semiconductor laser light was irradiated into the tumor from a 2-mm cylindrical light-emitting source under various conditions. The brain was removed 24 h after the i-PDT and analyzed pathologically. The optical fiber was able to puncture the tumor center in all cases, enabling i-PDT to be performed. Histological analysis showed that tumor necrosis was induced in areas close to the light source, correlating with the irradiation energy dose, whereas apoptosis was induced at some distance from the light source. Irradiation using high energy levels resulted in tissue swelling from strong tumor necrosis, and irradiation at 75 J/cm"
1761,brain tumour,39335500,Cold Atmospheric Plasma Induces Growth Arrest and Apoptosis in Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Associated Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells.,Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder resulting from mutations in the 
1762,brain tumour,39335417,The Systemic Inflammation Response Index Efficiently Discriminates between the Failure Patterns of Patients with Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Wild-Type Glioblastoma Following Radiochemotherapy with FLAIR-Based Gross Tumor Volume Delineation.,The objective of this study was to assess the connection between the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) values and failure patterns of patients with IDH wild-type glioblastoma (GB) who underwent radiotherapy (RT) with FLAIR-based gross tumor volume (GTV) delineation.
1763,brain tumour,39335401,Functional MRI Assessment of Brain Activity Patterns Associated with Reading in Medulloblastoma Survivors.,"Medulloblastoma, a malignant brain tumor primarily affecting children, poses significant challenges to patients and clinicians due to its complex treatment and potential long-term cognitive consequences. While recent advancements in treatment have significantly improved survival rates, survivors often face cognitive impairments, particularly in reading, impacting their quality of life. According to the double deficit theory, reading impairments are caused by deficits in one or both of two independent reading-related functions: phonological awareness and rapid visual naming. This longitudinal study investigates neurofunctional changes related to reading in medulloblastoma survivors in comparison to controls using functional MRI acquired during rapid automatized naming tasks over three annual visits. Support vector machine classification of functional MRI data reveals a progressive divergence in brain activity patterns between medulloblastoma survivors and healthy controls over time, suggesting delayed effects of cancer treatment on brain function. Alterations in brain regions involved in visual processing and orthographic recognition during rapid naming tasks imply disruptions in the ventral visual pathway associated with normal orthographic processing. These alterations are correlated with performance in tasks involving sound awareness, reading fluency, and word attack. These findings underscore the dynamic nature of post-treatment neurofunctional alterations and the importance of early identification and intervention to address cognitive deficits in survivors."
1764,brain tumour,39335363,Preoperative Cortical Mapping for Brain Tumor Surgery Using Navigated Transcranial Stimulation: Analysis of Accuracy.,"Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) represents a distinctive technique for non-invasive brain stimulation. Recent advancements in image processing have enabled the enhancement of TMS by integrating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities with TMS via a neuronavigation system. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of navigated TMS for cortical mapping in comparison to surgical mapping using direct electrical stimulation (DES). This study involved 30 neurosurgical procedures for tumors located in or adjacent to the precentral gyrus. The DES points were compared with TMS responses based on the original distances of vectorial modules. There was a notable similarity in the points obtained from the two mapping methods. The distances between the geometric centers of TMS and DCS were 4.85 ± 1.89 mm. A strong correlation was identified between these vectorial points (r = 0.901, "
1765,brain tumour,39335186,Are Dual-Phase ,"Brain metastases or primary brain tumours had poor prognosis until the use of high dose radiotherapy. However, radionecrosis is a complex challenge in the post-radiotherapy management of these patients due to the difficulty of distinguishing this complication from local tumour recurrence. MRI alone has a variable specificity and sensibility, as does PET-CT imaging. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of dual-phase "
1766,brain tumour,39335171,Value of 11C-Methionine PET Imaging in High-Grade Gliomas: A Narrative Review.,"11C-Methionine (MET) is a widely utilized amino acid tracer in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of primary brain tumors. 11C-MET PET offers valuable insights for tumor classification, facilitates treatment planning, and aids in monitoring therapeutic response. Its tracer properties allow better delineation of the active tumor volume, even in regions that show no contrast enhancement on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This review focuses on the role of MET-PET in brain glioma imaging. The introduction provides a brief clinical overview of the problems of high-grade and recurrent gliomas. It discusses glioma management, radiotherapy planning, and the difficulties of imaging after chemoradiotherapy (pseudoprogression or radionecrosis). The mechanism of MET-PET is described. Additionally, the review encompasses the application of MET-PET in the context of primary gliomas, addressing its diagnostic precision, utility in tumor classification, prognostic value, and role in guiding biopsy procedures and radiotherapy planning."
1767,brain tumour,39335139,GABA(A) Receptor Activation Drives GABARAP-Nix Mediated Autophagy to Radiation-Sensitize Primary and Brain-Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma Tumors.,"In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment, radiotherapy responses are not durable and toxicity limits therapy. We find that AM-101, a synthetic benzodiazepine activator of GABA(A) receptor, impairs the viability and clonogenicity of both primary and brain-metastatic NSCLC cells. Employing a human-relevant ex vivo 'chip', AM-101 is as efficacious as docetaxel, a chemotherapeutic used with radiotherapy for advanced-stage NSCLC. In vivo, AM-101 potentiates radiation, including conferring a significant survival benefit to mice bearing NSCLC intracranial tumors generated using a patient-derived metastatic line. GABA(A) receptor activation stimulates a selective-autophagic response via the multimerization of GABA(A) receptor-associated protein, GABARAP, the stabilization of mitochondrial receptor Nix, and the utilization of ubiquitin-binding protein p62. A high-affinity peptide disrupting Nix binding to GABARAP inhibits AM-101 cytotoxicity. This supports a model of GABA(A) receptor activation driving a GABARAP-Nix multimerization axis that triggers autophagy. In patients receiving radiotherapy, GABA(A) receptor activation may improve tumor control while allowing radiation dose de-intensification to reduce toxicity."
1768,brain tumour,39335100,Proton Therapy Adaptation of Perisinusoidal and Brain Areas in the Cyclotron Centre Bronowice in Krakow: A Dosimetric Analysis.,"Applying a proton beam in radiotherapy enables precise irradiation of the tumor volume, but only for continuous assessment of changes in patient anatomy. Proton beam range uncertainties in the treatment process may originate not only from physical beam properties but also from patient-specific factors such as tumor shrinkage, edema formation and sinus filling, which are not incorporated in tumor volume safety margins. In this paper, we evaluated variations in dose distribution in proton therapy resulting from the differences observed in the control tomographic images and the dosimetric influence of applied adaptive treatment. The data from weekly computed tomography (CT) control scans of 21 patients, which serve as the basis for adaptive radiotherapy, were used for this study. Dosimetric analysis of adaptive proton therapy (APT) was performed on patients with head and neck (H&N) area tumors who were divided into two groups: patients with tumors in the sinus/nasal area and patients with tumors in the brain area. For this analysis, the reference treatment plans were forward-calculated using weekly control CT scans. A comparative evaluation of organ at risk (OAR) dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters, as well as conformity and homogeneity indices, was conducted between the initial and recalculated dose distributions to assess the necessity of the adaptation process in terms of dosimetric parameters. Changes in PTV volume after replanning were observed in seventeen patient cases, showing a discrepancy of over 1 cm3 in ten cases. In these cases, tumor progression occurred in 30% of patients, while regression was observed in 70%. The statistical analysis indicates that the use of the adaptive planning procedure results in a statistically significant improvement in dose distribution, particularly in the PTV area. The findings led to the conclusion that the adaptive procedure provides significant advantages in terms of dose distribution within the treated volume. However, when considering the entire patient group, APT did not result in a statistically significant dose reduction in OARs (α = 0.05)."
1769,brain tumour,39335096,"Ollier Disease, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, and Brain Glioma: IDH as the Common Denominator.","Ollier disease (OD), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and brain glioma (BG) are three apparently completely different neoplasms in terms of histopathology, clinic, natural history, and management, but they can affect the same patient. This study aimed to identify the common molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of all three diseases and discuss their current and potential role as therapeutic targets. A detailed and comprehensive systematic literature review according to PRISMA guidelines on OD patients harboring BG and/or AML was made. In addition, the unique case of a patient affected by all three considered diseases has been added to our case series. Demographic, pathological, treatment, and outcome data were analyzed and discussed, mainly focusing on the molecular findings. Twenty-eight studies reported thirty-three patients affected by OD and BG, and only one study reported one patient with OD and AML, while only our patient harbored all three pathologies. The IDH R132H mutation was the only genetic alteration shared by all three pathologies and was simultaneously detected in enchondromas and brain glioma in 100% (3/3) of OD patients with BG and also in the neoplastic blood cells of the single patient hosting all three diseases. The IDH1-R132H gene mutation is the etiopathogenetic common denominator among three apparently different tumors coexisting in the same patient. The adoption of mutant-specific IDH1 inhibitor molecules could represent a potential panacea for these conditions in the era of targeted therapies. Further studies with larger clinical series are needed to confirm our results and hypothesis."
1770,brain tumour,39334950,'Whole-Body' Perspectives of Schizophrenia and Related Psychotic Illness: miRNA-143 as an Exemplary Molecule Implicated across Multi-System Dysfunctions.,"A wide array of biological abnormalities in psychotic illness appear to reflect non-cerebral involvement. This review first outlines the evidence for such a whole-body concept of schizophrenia pathobiology, focusing particularly on cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, immunity and inflammation, cancer, and the gut-brain axis. It then considers the roles of miRNAs in general and of miRNA-143 in particular as they relate to the epidemiology, pathobiology, and treatment of schizophrenia. This is followed by notable evidence that miRNA-143 is also implicated in each of these domains of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, immunity and inflammation, cancer, and the gut-brain axis. Thus, miRNA-143 is an exemplar of what may be a class of molecules that play a role across the multiple domains of bodily dysfunction that appear to characterize a whole-body perspective of illness in schizophrenia. Importantly, the existence of such an exemplary molecule across these multiple domains implies a coordinated rather than stochastic basis. One candidate process would be a pleiotropic effect of genetic risk for schizophrenia across the whole body."
1771,brain tumour,39334869,New BDNF and NT-3 Cyclic Mimetics Concur with Copper to Activate Trophic Signaling Pathways as Potential Molecular Entities to Protect Old Brains from Neurodegeneration.,"A low level of Neurotrophins (NTs), their Tyrosine Kinase Receptors (Trks), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGFs) and their receptors, mainly VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, characterizes AD brains. The use of NTs and VEGFs as drugs presents different issues due to their low permeability of the blood-brain barrier, the poor pharmacokinetic profile, and the relevant side effects. To overcome these issues, different functional and structural NT mimics have been employed. Being aware that the N-terminus domain as the key domain of NTs for the binding selectivity and activation of Trks and the need to avoid or delay proteolysis, we herein report on the mimicking ability of two cyclic peptide encompassing the N-terminus of Brain Derived Growth Factor (BDNF), (c-[HSDPARRGELSV-]), cBDNF(1-12) and of Neurotrophin3 (NT3), (c-[YAEHKSHRGEYSV-]), cNT3(1-13). The two cyclic peptide features were characterized by a combined thermodynamic and spectroscopic approach (potentiometry, NMR, UV-vis and CD) that was extended to their copper(II) ion complexes. SH-SY5Y cell assays show that the Cu"
1772,brain tumour,39334838,Radiosensitizing Effect of PARP Inhibition on Chondrosarcoma and Chondrocyte Cells Is Dependent on Radiation LET.,"Chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor that forms in bone and cartilage. The primary treatment involves surgical removal of the tumor with a margin of healthy tissue. Especially if complete surgical removal is not possible, radiation therapy and chemotherapy are used in conjunction with surgery, but with a generally low efficiency. Ongoing researches are focused on understanding the genetic and molecular basis of chondrosarcoma following high linear energy transfer (LET) irradiation, which may lead to treatments that are more effective. The goal of this study is to evaluate the differential effects of DNA damage repair inhibitors and high LET irradiation on chondrosarcoma versus chondrocyte cells and the LET-dependency of the effects. Two chondrosarcoma cell lines with different "
1773,brain tumour,39334754,Analysis of High-Dose Ascorbate-Induced Cytotoxicity in Human Glioblastoma Cells and the Role of Dehydroascorbic Acid and Iron.,"Several studies have demonstrated, both in vitro and in animal models, the anti-tumor efficacy of high-dose ascorbate treatment against a variety of tumor entities, including glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high-dose ascorbate as well as dehydroascorbic acid on human glioblastoma cell lines and to evaluate different treatment conditions for the combined administration of ascorbate with magnesium (Mg"
1774,brain tumour,39334370,An oncolytic HSV-1 vector induces a therapeutic adaptive immune response against glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive brain tumor in adults with the lowest survival rates five years post-diagnosis. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) selectively target and damage cancer cells, and for this reason they are being investigated as new therapeutic tools also against GBM."
1775,brain tumour,39334350,Exploring the clinical implications and applications of exosomal miRNAs in gliomas: a comprehensive study.,"Gliomas are aggressive brain tumors associated with poor prognosis and limited treatment options due to their invasive nature and resistance to current therapeutic modalities. Research suggests that exosomal microRNAs have emerged as key players in intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment, influencing tumor progression and therapeutic responses. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, are crucial in glioma development, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune evasion by binding to target genes. This comprehensive review examines the clinical relevance and implications of exosomal miRNAs in gliomas, highlighting their potential as diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets and prognosis biomarker. Additionally, we also discuss the limitations of current exsomal miRNA treatments and address challenges and propose future directions for leveraging exosomal miRNAs in precision oncology for glioma management."
1776,brain tumour,39334307,"Neuropathic pain, antidepressant drugs, and inflammation: a narrative review.","Neuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic and disabling condition, caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system, characterized by a systemic inflammatory state. Signs and associated symptoms are rarely recognized, and response to usual analgesic drugs is poor. Antidepressant drugs are first-line agents for the treatment of NP. This narrative review aims to summarize the role of antidepressant drugs in treating NP and their mechanism of action, focusing on the effects on inflammatory cytokines."
1777,brain tumour,39334165,Preliminary study of feasibility of surface-guided radiotherapy with concurrent tumor treating fields for glioblastoma: region of interest.,To evaluate the impact of the residual setup errors from differently shaped region of interest (ROI) and investigate if surface-guided setup can be used in radiotherapy with concurrent tumor treating fields (TTFields) for glioblastoma.
1778,brain tumour,39334005,"Prospective longitudinal analysis of imaging-based spatiotemporal tumor habitats in glioblastoma, IDH-wild type: implication in patient outcome using multiparametric physiologic MRI.",Physiologic MRI-based tumor habitat analysis has the potential to predict patient outcomes by identifying the spatiotemporal habitats of glioblastoma. This study aims to prospectively validate the cut-off for tumor progression obtained from tumor habitat analysis based on physiologic MRI in ascertaining time-to-progression (TTP) and the site of progression in glioblastoma patients following concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).
1779,brain tumour,39333871,A novel protein SPECC1-415aa encoded by N6-methyladenosine modified circSPECC1 regulates the sensitivity of glioblastoma to TMZ.,"Circular RNAs (circRNAs) can influence a variety of biological functions and act as a significant role in the progression and recurrence of glioblastoma (GBM). However, few coding circRNAs have been discovered in cancer, and their role in GBM is still unknown. The aim of this study was to identify coding circRNAs and explore their potential roles in the progression and recurrence of GBM."
1780,brain tumour,39333699,Enhancing brain tumor classification through ensemble attention mechanism.,"Brain tumors pose a serious threat to public health, impacting thousands of individuals directly or indirectly worldwide. Timely and accurate detection of these tumors is crucial for effective treatment and enhancing the quality of patients' lives. The widely used brain imaging technique is magnetic resonance imaging, the precise identification of brain tumors in MRI images is challenging due to the diverse anatomical structures. This paper introduces an innovative approach known as the ensemble attention mechanism to address this challenge. Initially, the approach uses two networks to extract intermediate- and final-level feature maps from MobileNetV3 and EfficientNetB7. This assists in gathering the relevant feature maps from the different models at different levels. Then, the technique incorporates a co-attention mechanism into the intermediate and final feature map levels on both networks and ensembles them. This directs attention to certain regions to extract global-level features at different levels. Ensemble of attentive feature maps enabling the precise detection of various feature patterns within brain tumor images at both model, local, and global levels. This leads to an improvement in the classification process. The proposed system was evaluated on the Figshare dataset and achieved an accuracy of 98.94%, and 98.48% for the BraTS 2019 dataset which is superior to other methods. Thus, it is robust and suitable for brain tumor detection in healthcare systems."
1781,brain tumour,39333688,The prognostic significance of androgen receptor expression in gliomas.,"Androgen receptor (AR) overexpression has been identified in gliomas and its stem cells, suggesting that AR plays an important role in tumor carcinogenesis. The prognostic significance of AR overexpression in gliomas remains unknown. AR mRNA expression in gliomas and relevant clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas databases. AR expression levels were compared across gliomas of different histopathologic grades and molecular subtypes. Kaplan-Meier analyses in patients with different AR expression levels were investigated for the potential prognostic values of AR. Compared with normal brain tissue, gliomas show significantly higher AR mRNA expression (p < 0.01). AR mRNA expression was more prominent in higher grade disease and in worse prognostic molecular subtypes (p < 0.01). AR protein is more abundant in glioblastoma than in lower grade gliomas (LGG) (grade 2/3) (p < 0.0001). This is corroborated by a linear association between AR mRNA and protein expression (r = 0.65). In LGG, both higher AR mRNA and protein expression was associated with significantly worse overall survival (OS). Five-year OS for LGG patients with high versus low AR expression were 59.1% and 73.3%, respectively (p < 0.0001). AR expression is not prognostic for OS within glioblastoma patients. Gender was not associated with AR expression or prognosis. Higher AR expression levels are associated with higher grade disease and histopathologic features predicting poorer prognosis in lower grade gliomas. Higher gene expression in LGG patients is correlated with poor prognosis but not in the glioblastoma cohort suggesting saturated expression/functions of AR in glioblastoma."
1782,brain tumour,39333630,Length-scale study in deep learning prediction for non-small cell lung cancer brain metastasis.,"Deep learning-assisted digital pathology has demonstrated the potential to profoundly impact clinical practice, even surpassing human pathologists in performance. However, as deep neural network (DNN) architectures grow in size and complexity, their explainability decreases, posing challenges in interpreting pathology features for broader clinical insights into physiological diseases. To better assess the interpretability of digital microscopic images and guide future microscopic system design, we developed a novel method to study the predictive feature length-scale that underpins a DNN's predictive power. We applied this method to analyze a DNN's capability in predicting brain metastasis from early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer biopsy slides. This study quantifies DNN's attention for brain metastasis prediction, targeting features at both the cellular scale and tissue scale in H&E-stained histological whole slide images. At the cellular scale, the predictive power of DNNs progressively increases with higher resolution and significantly decreases when the resolvable feature length exceeds 5 microns. Additionally, DNN uses more macro-scale features associated with tissue architecture and is optimized when assessing visual fields greater than 41 microns. Our study computes the length-scale requirements for optimal DNN learning on digital whole-slide microscopic images, holding the promise to guide future optical microscope designs in pathology applications and facilitating downstream deep learning analysis."
1783,brain tumour,39333611,Predictive modeling of arginine vasopressin deficiency after transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection by using multiple machine learning algorithms.,"This study aimed to predict arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D) following transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma surgery using machine learning algorithms. We reviewed 452 cases from December 2013 to December 2023, analyzing clinical and imaging data. Key predictors of AVP-D included sex, tumor height, preoperative and postoperative changes in sellar diaphragm height and pituitary stalk length, preoperative ACTH levels, changes in ACTH levels, and preoperative cortisol levels. Six machine learning algorithms were tested: logistic regression (LR), support vector classification (SVC), random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). After cross-validation and parameter optimization, the random forest model demonstrated the highest performance, with an accuracy (ACC) of 0.882 and an AUC of 0.96. The decision tree model followed, achieving an accuracy of 0.843 and an AUC of 0.95. Other models showed lower performance: LR had an ACC of 0.522 and an AUC of 0.54; SVC had an ACC of 0.647 and an AUC of 0.67; KNN achieved an ACC of 0.64 and an AUC of 0.70; and XGBoost had an ACC of 0.794 and an AUC of 0.91. The study found that a shorter preoperative pituitary stalk length, significant intraoperative stretching, and lower preoperative ACTH and cortisol levels were associated with a higher likelihood of developing AVP-D post-surgery."
1784,brain tumour,39333603,Machine learning predicts cuproptosis-related lncRNAs and survival in glioma patients.,"Gliomas are the most common tumor in the central nervous system in adults, with glioblastoma (GBM) representing the most malignant form, while low-grade glioma (LGG) is a less severe. The prognosis for glioma remains poor even after various treatments, such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Cuproptosis is a newly defined form of programmed cell death, distinct from ferroptosis and apoptosis, primarily caused by the accumulation of the copper within cells. In this study, we compared the difference between the expression of cuproptosis-related genes in GBM and LGG, respectively, and conducted further analysis on the enrichment pathways of the exclusive expressed cuproptosis-related mRNAs in GBM and LGG. We established two prediction models for survival status using xgboost and random forest algorithms and applied the ROSE algorithm to balance the dataset to improve model performance."
1785,brain tumour,39333557,"Elevated α-1,2-mannosidase MAN1C1 in glioma stem cells and its implications for immunological changes and prognosis in glioma patients.","Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of primary brain tumor, and the presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs) has been linked to its resistance to treatments and recurrence. Additionally, aberrant glycosylation has been implicated in the aggressiveness of cancers. However, the influence and underlying mechanism of N-glycosylation on the GSC phenotype and GBM malignancy remain elusive. Here, we performed an in-silico analysis approach on publicly available datasets to examine the function of N-glycosylation-related genes in GSCs and gliomas, accompanied by a qRT-PCR validation experiment. We found that high α-1,2-mannosidase MAN1C1 is associated with immunological functions and worse survival of glioma patients. Differential gene expression analysis and qRT-PCR validation revealed that MAN1C1 is highly expressed in GSCs. Furthermore, higher MAN1C1 expression predicts worse outcomes in glioma patients. Also, MAN1C1 expression is increased in the perinecrotic region of GBM and is associated with immunological and inflammatory functions, a hallmark of the GBM mesenchymal subtype. Further analysis confirmed that MAN1C1 expression is closely associated with infiltrating immune cells and disrupted immune response in the GBM microenvironment. These suggest that MAN1C1 is a potential biomarker for gliomas and may be important as an immunotherapeutic target for GBM."
1786,brain tumour,39333496,CircSEC24B activates autophagy and induces chemoresistance of colorectal cancer via OTUB1-mediated deubiquitination of SRPX2.,"Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of regulatory RNA that feature covalently closed single-stranded loops. Evidence suggested that circRNAs play important roles in the progression and development of various cancers. However, the impact of circRNA on autophagy-mediated progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The objective of this project was to investigate the influence of circSEC24B on autophagy and its underlying mechanisms in CRC. To validate the presence and circular structure of circSEC24B in CRC cells and tissues, PCR and Sanger sequencing techniques were employed. Drug resistance and invasive phenotype of CRC cells were evaluated using CCK8, transwell, and Edu assays. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted to assess the effects of circSEC24B and its protein partner on the growth, invasion, and metastasis of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Interactions between circSEC24B, OTUB1, and SRPX2 were analyzed through immunofluorescence, RNA-pulldown, and RIP assays. Mass spectrometry analysis was used to identify potential binding proteins of circRNA in CRC cells. Vectors were constructed to investigate the specific structural domain of the deubiquitinating enzyme OTUB1 that binds to circSEC24B. Results showed that circSEC24B expression was increased in CRC tissues and cell lines, and it enhanced CRC cell proliferation and autophagy levels. Mechanistically, circSEC24B promoted CRC cell proliferation by regulating the protein stability of SRPX2. Specifically, circSEC24B acted as a scaffold, facilitating the binding of OTUB1 to SRPX2 and thereby enhancing its protein stability. Additionally, evidence suggested that OTUB1 regulated SRPX2 expression through an acetylation-dependent mechanism. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that circSEC24B activated autophagy and induced chemoresistance in CRC by promoting the deubiquitination of SRPX2, mediated by the deubiquitinating enzyme OTUB1."
1787,brain tumour,39333461,A multicenter study of clinical outcomes and volumetric trends in suspected microprolactinomas.,The diagnosis of pituitary microprolactinomas is often obscured by relatively low levels of elevated prolactin compared to macroprolactinomas. This may lead to varying patterns of medical therapy versus observation. We sought to correlate prolactin levels in suspected microprolactinomas with tumor volumes and clinical outcomes. This was a multicenter retrospective study of patients with pituitary microadenomas with baseline prolactin levels > 18ng/ml for males and > 30ng/ml for females. A linear-mixed model was used to depict changes in tumor volume over time. There were 65 patients with a mean tumor volume of 95.9mm
1788,brain tumour,39333076,Proteogenomic characterization of skull-base chordoma.,"Skull-base chordoma is a rare, aggressive bone cancer with a high recurrence rate. Despite advances in genomic studies, its molecular characteristics and effective therapies remain unknown. Here, we conduct integrative genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics analyses of 187 skull-base chordoma tumors. In our study, chromosome instability is identified as a prognostic predictor and potential therapeutic target. Multi-omics data reveals downstream effects of chromosome instability, with RPRD1B as a putative target for radiotherapy-resistant patients. Chromosome 1q gain, associated with chromosome instability and upregulated mitochondrial functions, lead to poorer clinical outcomes. Immune subtyping identify an immune cold subtype linked to chromosome 9p/10q loss and immune evasion. Proteomics-based classification reveals subtypes (P-II and P-III) with high chromosome instability and immune cold features, with P-II tumors showing increased invasiveness. These findings, confirmed in 17 paired samples, provide insights into the biology and treatment of skull-base chordoma."
1789,brain tumour,39332586,"Integration of transcriptomics, proteomics and loss-of-function screening reveals WEE1 as a target for combination with dasatinib against proneural glioblastoma.","Glioblastoma is characterized by a pronounced resistance to therapy with dismal prognosis. Transcriptomics classify glioblastoma into proneural (PN), mesenchymal (MES) and classical (CL) subtypes that show differential resistance to targeted therapies. The aim of this study was to provide a viable approach for identifying combination therapies in glioblastoma subtypes. Proteomics and phosphoproteomics were performed on dasatinib inhibited glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and complemented by an shRNA loss-of-function screen to identify genes whose knockdown sensitizes GSCs to dasatinib. Proteomics and screen data were computationally integrated with transcriptomic data using the SamNet 2.0 algorithm for network flow learning to reveal potential combination therapies in PN GSCs. In vitro viability assays and tumor spheroid models were used to verify the synergy of identified therapy. Further in vitro and TCGA RNA-Seq data analyses were utilized to provide a mechanistic explanation of these effects. Integration of data revealed the cell cycle protein WEE1 as a potential combination therapy target for PN GSCs. Validation experiments showed a robust synergistic effect through combination of dasatinib and the WEE1 inhibitor, MK-1775, in PN GSCs. Combined inhibition using dasatinib and MK-1775 propagated DNA damage in PN GCSs, with GCSs showing a differential subtype-driven pattern of expression of cell cycle genes in TCGA RNA-Seq data. The integration of proteomics, loss-of-function screens and transcriptomics confirmed WEE1 as a target for combination with dasatinib against PN GSCs. Utilizing this integrative approach could be of interest for studying resistance mechanisms and revealing combination therapy targets in further tumor entities."
1790,brain tumour,39332533,Association of glycemic variability and prognosis in patients with traumatic brain injury: A retrospective study from the MIMIC-IV database.,"Elevated glycemic variability (GV) often occurs in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and is associated with patient prognosis. However, the association between GV and prognosis in ICU patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains unclear."
1791,brain tumour,39332398,Architecture sets the path: Breast cancer subtypes differently shape the early brain metastatic niche.,"The ability of disseminated cancer cells to colonize the brain is highly dependent on initial survival cues, often evoking early microenvironmental adaptations. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Gan et al. unveil disparate tumor architectures in early stage HER2+ breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer brain metastases that shape stromal interactions, providing a rationale for subtype-dependent patient stratification."
1792,brain tumour,39332215,Instrumental activities of daily living in neuro-oncology: International validation of the EORTC IADL-BN32 questionnaire.,"Neurocognitive impairments are common in patients with a brain tumour, and may negatively impact on functioning in daily life, particularly on instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The EORTC IADL-BN32 questionnaire was developed to measure IADL in this patient population."
1793,brain tumour,39332050,The surgical management of third ventricle region tumors.,The goal of this study was to characterize the largest known cohort of patients presenting with different tumor pathologies in the third ventricle region to better understand outcomes of surgical management.
1794,brain tumour,39332037,Intraoperative confocal laser endomicroscopy during 5-aminolevulinic acid-guided glioma surgery: significant considerations for resection at the tumor margin.,"Because gliomas have poorly defined tumor margins, the ability to achieve maximal resection is limited. To better discern these margins, fluorescence-guided surgery has been used to aid maximal safe resection. The authors describe their experience with the simultaneous use of intraoperative fluorescein sodium (FNa) confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) and operating microscope 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence imaging for glioma resection to improve CLE use for better margin discrimination."
1795,brain tumour,39332032,Does pre-irradiation gross tumor volume predict the risk of progression after radiation therapy in pediatric patients with adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma?,"In a cohort of patients who were treated with resection and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP), the authors aimed to determine whether gross tumor volume (GTV) at the initiation of RT was associated with the risk of progressive disease (PD) following treatment."
1796,brain tumour,39332027,A management algorithm for idiopathic intracranial hypertension in skull base meningoencephaloceles.,"In this study, the authors assessed an algorithm for the diagnosis and management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in patients who had undergone surgical repair of skull base meningoencephaloceles presenting with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (sCSF) leakage."
1797,brain tumour,39331894,Characterization of growth arrest-specific transcript 5 and growth arrest-specific transcript 5-related m6A gene signature in glioma: An observational study.,"Glioma remains a significant clinical challenge and poses a dismal patient prognosis. This study focused on the long noncoding ribonucleic acid growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) and explored the role of GAS5 and GAS5-related m6A genes in glioma. We explored the mechanisms of GAS5 expression in glioma using bioinformatic analysis based on glioma data from the Cancer Genome Atlas, GSE1142, and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas databases. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis, nomogram construction, immune cell infiltration, drug sensitivity, mutations, and pathway analyses were performed to determine the GAS5 mechanism in glioma. Spearman correlation and weighted gene co-expression analyses were used to identify the GAS5-related m6A gene. Furthermore, we explored the correlation between GAS5, GAS5-related m6A gene, and clinical traits using analysis of variance. The Kaplan-Meier curve analysis suggested that patients with high expressions of GAS5 had better survival. The nomogram constructed indicated that GAS5 was an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, GAS5 significantly correlated with plasma cells. GAS5 expression was significantly associated with biological processes, including oxidative phosphorylation, proteasome, and ribosome mitotic spindle. GAS5 expression was associated with sensitivity to erlotinib and gemcitabine. Differentially expressed GAS5 was significant in histology (P = 2.8e-09), grade (P = 3.7e-05), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation (P = 3.4e-17), 1p/19q co-deletion (Codel) status (P = 1.7e-08), and IDH mutation status and 1p/19q Codel status (P = 2.9e-18). Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C1/C2 (HNRNPC) gene was significant in IDH mutation (P = .008) and IDH mutation status and 1p/19q Codel status (P = 2.1e-05). GAS5 and HNRNPC expressions reflected the malignant grade of glioma and are associated with prognosis. The abnormal expression of GAS5 could be an important biomarker for guiding erlotinib and gemcitabine use in glioma treatment. GAS5 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C1/C2 are potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for glioma."
1798,brain tumour,39331882,Secondary diabetes mellitus in acromegaly: Case report and literature review.,"Acromegaly, predominantly resulting from a pituitary adenoma, is marked by excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). However, normalization of blood glucose levels posttreatment is rarely achieved. This case study aims to highlight the diagnostic challenges posed by overlapping symptoms of acromegaly and diabetes, emphasizing the importance of precise diagnosis and effective treatment strategies for optimal patient outcomes."
1799,brain tumour,39331600,An explainable ensemble approach for advanced brain tumor classification applying Dual-GAN mechanism and feature extraction techniques over highly imbalanced data.,"Brain tumors are one of the leading diseases imposing a huge morbidity rate across the world every year. Classifying brain tumors accurately plays a crucial role in clinical diagnosis and improves the overall healthcare process. ML techniques have shown promise in accurately classifying brain tumors based on medical imaging data such as MRI scans. These techniques aid in detecting and planning treatment early, improving patient outcomes. However, medical image datasets are frequently affected by a significant class imbalance, especially when benign tumors outnumber malignant tumors in number. This study presents an explainable ensemble-based pipeline for brain tumor classification that integrates a Dual-GAN mechanism with feature extraction techniques, specifically designed for highly imbalanced data. This Dual-GAN mechanism facilitates the generation of synthetic minority class samples, addressing the class imbalance issue without compromising the original quality of the data. Additionally, the integration of different feature extraction methods facilitates capturing precise and informative features. This study proposes a novel deep ensemble feature extraction (DeepEFE) framework that surpasses other benchmark ML and deep learning models with an accuracy of 98.15%. This study focuses on achieving high classification accuracy while prioritizing stable performance. By incorporating Grad-CAM, it enhances the transparency and interpretability of the overall classification process. This research identifies the most relevant and contributing parts of the input images toward accurate outcomes enhancing the reliability of the proposed pipeline. The significantly improved Precision, Sensitivity and F1-Score demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism in handling class imbalance and improving the overall accuracy. Furthermore, the integration of explainability enhances the transparency of the classification process to establish a reliable model for brain tumor classification, encouraging their adoption in clinical practice promoting trust in decision-making processes."
1800,brain tumour,39331335,Integrating HRMAS-NMR Data and Machine Learning-Assisted Profiling of Metabolite Fluxes to Classify Low- and High-Grade Gliomas.,"Diagnosing and classifying central nervous system tumors such as gliomas or glioblastomas pose a significant challenge due to their aggressive and infiltrative nature. However, recent advancements in metabolomics and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) offer promising avenues for differentiating tumor grades both in vivo and ex vivo. This study aimed to explore tissue-based metabolic signatures to classify/distinguish between low- and high-grade gliomas. Forty-six histologically confirmed, intact solid tumor samples from glioma patients were analyzed using high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HRMAS-NMR) spectroscopy. By integrating machine learning (ML) algorithms, spectral regions with the most discriminative potential were identified. Validation was performed through univariate and multivariate statistical analyses, along with HRMAS-NMR analyses of 46 paired plasma samples. Amongst the various ML models applied, the logistics regression identified 46 spectral regions capable of sub-classifying gliomas with accuracy 87% (F1-measure 0.87, Precision 0.82, Recall 0.93), whereas the extra-tree classifier identified three spectral regions with predictive accuracy of 91% (F1-measure 0.91, Precision 0.85, Recall 0.97). Wilcoxon test presented 51 spectral regions significantly differentiating low- and high-grade glioma groups (p < 0.05). Based on sensitivity and area under the curve values, 40 spectral regions corresponding to 18 metabolites were considered as potential biomarkers for tissue-based glioma classification and amongst these N-acetyl aspartate, glutamate, and glutamine emerged as the most important markers. These markers were validated in paired plasma samples, and their absolute concentrations were computed. Our results demonstrate that the metabolic markers identified through the HRMAS-NMR-ML analysis framework, and their associated metabolic networks, hold promise for targeted treatment planning and clinical interventions in the future."
1801,brain tumour,39331302,Unveiling the therapeutic promise of EphA2 in glioblastoma: a comprehensive review.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), a primary brain tumor, exhibits remarkable invasiveness and is characterized by its intricate location, infiltrative behavior, the presence of both the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB), phenotypic diversity, an immunosuppressive microenvironment with limited development yet rich vascularity, as well as the resistant nature of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) towards traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These formidable factors present substantial obstacles in the quest for effective GBM treatments. Following extensive research spanning three decades, the hepatocellular receptor A2 (EphA2) receptor tyrosine kinase has emerged as a promising molecular target with translational potential in the realm of cancer therapy. Numerous compounds aimed at targeting EphA2 have undergone rigorous evaluation and clinical investigation. This article provides a comprehensive account of the distinctive roles played by canonical and non-canonical EphA2 signaling in various contexts, while also exploring the involvement of the EphA2-ephrin A1 signaling axis in GBM pathogenesis. Additionally, the review offers an overview of completed clinical trials targeting EphA2 for GBM treatment, shedding light on both the prospects and challenges associated with EphA2-directed interventions in the domain of cancer therapeutics."
1802,brain tumour,39331188,Epidemiology and risk factors for adult gliomas died by respiratory diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based study.,The research on epidemiology of gliomas died of respiratory diseases (RDs) is very scarce. The study aimed to explore the epidemiology and risk factors for adult gliomas death from respiratory diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.
1803,brain tumour,39330751,Repurposing the Public BraTS Dataset for Postoperative Brain Tumour Treatment Response Monitoring.,"The Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) Challenge has been a main driver of the development of deep learning (DL) algorithms and provides by far the largest publicly available expert-annotated brain tumour dataset but contains solely preoperative examinations. The aim of our study was to facilitate the use of the BraTS dataset for training DL brain tumour segmentation algorithms for a postoperative setting. To this end, we introduced an automatic conversion of the three-label BraTS annotation protocol to a two-label annotation protocol suitable for postoperative brain tumour segmentation. To assess the viability of the label conversion, we trained a DL algorithm using both the three-label and the two-label annotation protocols. We assessed the models pre- and postoperatively and compared the performance with a state-of-the-art DL method. The DL algorithm trained using the BraTS three-label annotation misclassified parts of 10 out of 41 fluid-filled resection cavities in 72 postoperative glioblastoma MRIs, whereas the two-label model showed no such inaccuracies. The tumour segmentation performance of the two-label model both pre- and postoperatively was comparable to that of a state-of-the-art algorithm for tumour volumes larger than 1 cm"
1804,brain tumour,39330455,Convolutional Neural Network-Machine Learning Model: Hybrid Model for Meningioma Tumour and Healthy Brain Classification.,"This paper presents a hybrid study of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), machine learning (ML), and transfer learning (TL) in the context of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The anatomy of the brain is very complex; inside the skull, a brain tumour can form in any part. With MRI technology, cross-sectional images are generated, and radiologists can detect the abnormalities. When the size of the tumour is very small, it is undetectable to the human visual system, necessitating alternative analysis using AI tools. As is widely known, CNNs explore the structure of an image and provide features on the SoftMax fully connected (SFC) layer, and the classification of the items that belong to the input classes is established. Two comparison studies for the classification of meningioma tumours and healthy brains are presented in this paper: (i) classifying MRI images using an original CNN and two pre-trained CNNs, DenseNet169 and EfficientNetV2B0; (ii) determining which CNN and ML combination yields the most accurate classification when SoftMax is replaced with three ML models; in this context, Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were proposed. In a binary classification of tumours and healthy brains, the EfficientNetB0-SVM combination shows an accuracy of 99.5% on the test dataset. A generalisation of the results was performed, and overfitting was prevented by using the bagging ensemble method."
1805,brain tumour,39330452,Enhancing Deep Learning Model Explainability in Brain Tumor Datasets Using Post-Heuristic Approaches.,"The application of deep learning models in medical diagnosis has showcased considerable efficacy in recent years. Nevertheless, a notable limitation involves the inherent lack of explainability during decision-making processes. This study addresses such a constraint by enhancing the interpretability robustness. The primary focus is directed towards refining the explanations generated by the LIME Library and LIME image explainer. This is achieved through post-processing mechanisms based on scenario-specific rules. Multiple experiments have been conducted using publicly accessible datasets related to brain tumor detection. Our proposed post-heuristic approach demonstrates significant advancements, yielding more robust and concrete results in the context of medical diagnosis."
1806,brain tumour,39330272,Chrysomycin A Reshapes Metabolism and Increases Oxidative Stress to Hinder Glioblastoma Progression.,"Glioblastoma represents the predominant and a highly aggressive primary neoplasm of the central nervous system that has an abnormal metabolism. Our previous study showed that chrysomycin A (Chr-A) curbed glioblastoma progression in vitro and in vivo. However, whether Chr-A could inhibit orthotopic glioblastoma and how it reshapes metabolism are still unclear. In this study, Chr-A markedly suppressed the development of intracranial U87 gliomas. The results from airflow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI) indicated that Chr-A improved the abnormal metabolism of mice with glioblastoma. Key enzymes including glutaminase (GLS), glutamate dehydrogenases 1 (GDH1), hexokinase 2 (HK2) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were regulated by Chr-A. Chr-A further altered the level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), thus causing oxidative stress with the downregulation of Nrf-2 to inhibit glioblastoma. Our study offers a novel perspective for comprehending the anti-glioma mechanism of Chr-A, highlighting its potential as a promising chemotherapeutic agent for glioblastoma."
1807,brain tumour,39330035,Immunotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Under-Represented by Clinical Trials.,"Since the initial US FDA approval of an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) for the treatment of non-oncogene-driven non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) nine years ago, this therapeutic strategy has been cemented as a crucial component of treatment for most of these patients. However, there is a clear efficacy-effectiveness gap whereby patients in the 'real world' seem to have more modest clinical outcomes compared to those enrolled in landmark clinical trials. This gap may be driven by the under-representation of important patient populations, including populations defined by clinical or molecular characteristics. In this review, we summarize the data outlining the evidence of ICIs in patients with poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS), underlying autoimmune disease (AID), older age, active brain metastases (BMs), and molecular aberrations such as "
1808,brain tumour,39330015,Transglabellar Butterfly Incision for Anterior Cranial Vault Access: Case Report.,"(1) Background: The transglabellar approach, a type of transfacial technique, typically involves glabellar resection and opening the frontal sinus via a bicoronal incision, providing access to the anterior cranial vault. To prevent complications, the frontal sinus is typically obliterated. However, the success of transnasal endoscopic techniques has prompted a re-evaluation of these traditional methods. (2) Methods: This paper provides a brief literature review and discusses the removal of an elongated glioma of the left gyrus rectus (4.4 × 1.9 × 2.2 cm) in a 63-year-old male using a transglabellar subfrontal approach via a butterfly incision, with frontal sinus preservation. (3) Results: An uneventful gross-total resection of a WHO grade II oligodendroglioma was achieved. There is a paucity of literature describing a transglabellar subfrontal approach via a butterfly incision with frontal sinus preservation. (4) Conclusions: The described approach could be utilized in selected cases such as small intra-axial lesions oriented longitudinally along the inferomedial frontal lobe from the posterior wall of the frontal sinus to the anterior communicating artery complex in patients with pre-existing glabellar rhytids. Since this is merely a case presentation, we cannot conclude that this represents established clinical practice. The outcomes of this approach should be investigated in the future."
1809,brain tumour,39330000,Unraveling the Predictive Value of the Novel Global Immune-Nutrition-Inflammation Index (GINI) on Survival Outcomes in Patients with Grade 4 Adult-Type Diffuse Gliomas.,"This investigation evaluated the predictive and prognostic efficacy of the newly developed global immune-nutrition-inflammation index (GINI) in patients with grade 4 adult-type diffuse gliomas, comparing it with other established indices such as the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV)."
1810,brain tumour,39329993,Association of Cancer with Heart Failure and the Prognostic Value of NT-proBNP in Cancer Patients: Findings from the NHANES (1999-2018).,"Evidence regarding the association between cancer and heart failure (HF) is scarce. This study is to investigate the association between HF and cancer and explore the prognostic value of NT-proBNP in cancer patients. This cohort study used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 1999 to 2018 and linked mortality information until 2019. We included all participants with valid answer to questions regarding self-reported cancer and HF. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Our study included data from 54,847 adult participants. During a median (IQR) follow-up of 9.6 (4.0-15.1) years, 7674 deaths were recorded. HF was associated with an increased occurrence of cancer after propensity score matching (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.17-1.82, "
1811,brain tumour,39329952,Disulfidptosis: A New Target for Parkinson's Disease and Cancer.,"Recent studies have uncovered intriguing connections between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cancer, two seemingly distinct disease categories. Disulfidptosis has garnered attention as a novel form of regulated cell death that is implicated in various pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Disulfidptosis involves the dysregulation of intracellular redox homeostasis, leading to the accumulation of disulfide bonds and subsequent cell demise. This has sparked our interest in exploring common molecular mechanisms and genetic factors that may be involved in the relationship between neurodegenerative diseases and tumorigenesis. The Gene4PD database was used to retrieve PD differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the biological functions of differential expression disulfidptosis-related genes (DEDRGs) were analyzed, the ROCs of DEDRGs were analyzed using the GEO database, and the expression of DEDRGs was verified by an MPTP-induced PD mouse model in vivo. Then, the DEDRGs in more than 9000 samples of more than 30 cancers were comprehensively and systematically characterized by using multi-omics analysis data. In PD, we obtained a total of four DEDRGs, including "
1812,brain tumour,39329947,Brain Ischemic Tolerance Triggered by Preconditioning Involves Modulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Stimulated Gene 6 (TSG-6) in Mice Subjected to Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion.,"Ischemic preconditioning (PC) induced by a sub-lethal cerebral insult triggers brain tolerance against a subsequent severe injury through diverse mechanisms, including the modulation of the immune system. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6), a hyaluronate (HA)-binding protein, has recently been involved in the regulation of the neuroimmune response following ischemic stroke. Thus, we aimed at assessing whether the neuroprotective effects of ischemic PC involve the modulation of TSG-6 in a murine model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). The expression of TSG-6 was significantly elevated in the ischemic cortex of mice subjected to 1 h MCAo followed by 24 h reperfusion, while this effect was further potentiated ("
1813,brain tumour,39329886,"Increased Distress in Neurooncological Patients, a Monocentric Longitudinal Study: When to Screen Which Patient?","Neurooncological patients are well-known to experience an increased psycho-oncological burden with a negative impact on distress, therapy adherence, quality of life, and finally survival. But still, psycho-oncological screening and support is rare, with ongoing discussion about specific screening time points and impact factors. Therefore, we analysed the psycho-oncologic treatment demand at specific disease-related time points throughout therapy."
1814,brain tumour,39329804,Tumor Microenvironment Based on Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels for On-Chip Drug Screening.,"Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) culturing and nanotechnology offer promising pathways to overcome the limitations of drug screening, particularly for tumors like neuroblastoma. In this study, we develop a high-throughput microfluidic chip that integrates a concentration gradient generator (CGG) with a 3D co-culture system, constructing the vascularized microenvironment in tumors by co-culturing neuroblastoma (SY5Y cell line) and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs) within a decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels. The automated platform enhances the simulation of the tumor microenvironment and allows for the precise control of the concentrations of nanomedicines, which is crucial for evaluating therapeutic efficacy. The findings demonstrate that the high-throughput platform can significantly accelerate drug discovery. It efficiently screens and analyzes drug interactions in a biologically relevant setting, potentially revolutionizing the drug screening process."
1815,brain tumour,39329757,Metabolic Reprogramming in Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Review of Pathways and Therapeutic Targets.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and highly malignant primary brain tumor characterized by rapid growth and a poor prognosis for patients. Despite advancements in treatment, the median survival time for GBM patients remains low. One of the crucial challenges in understanding and treating GBMs involves its remarkable cellular heterogeneity and adaptability. Central to the survival and proliferation of GBM cells is their ability to undergo metabolic reprogramming. Metabolic reprogramming is a process that allows cancer cells to alter their metabolism to meet the increased demands of rapid growth and to survive in the often oxygen- and nutrient-deficient tumor microenvironment. These changes in metabolism include the Warburg effect, alterations in several key metabolic pathways including glutamine metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, increased uptake and utilization of glutamine, and more. Despite the complexity and adaptability of GBM metabolism, a deeper understanding of its metabolic reprogramming offers hope for developing more effective therapeutic interventions against GBMs."
1816,brain tumour,39329751,Prospective Molecular Targets for Natural Killer Cell Immunotherapy against Glioblastoma Multiforme.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of primary malignant brain tumor and has a dismal overall survival rate. To date, no GBM therapy has yielded successful results in survival for patients beyond baseline surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy has taken the oncology world by storm in recent years and there has been movement from researchers to implement the immunotherapy revolution into GBM treatment. Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapies are a rising candidate to treat GBM from multiple therapeutic vantage points: monoclonal antibody therapy targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-NK cell therapy, Bi-specific killer cell engagers (BiKEs), and more. NK therapies often focus on tumor antigens for targeting. Here, we reviewed some common targets analyzed in the fight for GBM immunotherapy relevant to NK cells: EGFR, HER2, CD155, and IL-13Rα2. We further propose investigating the Lectin-like Transcript 1 (LLT1) and cell surface proliferating cell nuclear antigen (csPCNA) as targets for NK cell-based immunotherapy."
1817,brain tumour,39329725,Considerations for Using Neuroblastoma Cell Lines to Examine the Roles of Iron and Ferroptosis in Neurodegeneration.,"Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death that is influenced by biological processes such as iron metabolism and senescence. As brain iron levels increase with aging, ferroptosis is also implicated in the development of age-related pathologic conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD). Indeed, inhibitors of ferroptosis have been shown to be protective in models of degenerative brain disorders like AD/ADRD. Given the inaccessibility of the living human brain for metabolic studies, the goal of this work was to characterize an in vitro model for understanding how aging and iron availability influence neuronal iron metabolism and ferroptosis. First, the human (SH-SY5Y) and mouse (Neuro-2a) neuroblastoma lines were terminally differentiated into mature neurons by culturing in all-trans-retinoic acid for at least 72 h. Despite demonstrating all signs of neuronal differentiation and maturation, including increased expression of the iron storage protein ferritin, we discovered that differentiation conferred ferroptosis resistance in both cell lines. Gene expression data indicates differentiated neurons increase their capacity to protect against iron-mediated oxidative damage by augmenting cystine import, and subsequently increasing intracellular cysteine levels, to promote glutathione production and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPX). In support of this hypothesis, we found that culturing differentiated neurons in cysteine-depleted media sensitized them to GPX4 inhibition, and that these effects are mitigated by cystine supplementation. Such findings are important as they provide guidance for the use of in vitro experimental models to investigate the role of ferroptosis in neurodegeneration in pathologies such as ADRD."
1818,brain tumour,39329423,Shape-dependent cellular uptake of iron oxide nanorods: mechanisms of endocytosis and implications on cell labeling and cellular delivery.,"The effects of nanoparticle morphology, especially size and shape, on their interactions with cells are of great interest in understanding the fate of nanoparticles in biological systems and designing them for biomedical applications. While size and shape-dependent cell behavior, endocytosis mechanism, and subcellular distribution of nanoparticles have been investigated extensively with gold and other nanoparticles, studies on iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP), one of the most promising and well-thought-of nanomaterials in biomedical applications, were limited. In this study, we synthesized oligosaccharide-coated water-soluble iron oxide nanorods (IONR) with different core sizes (nm) and different aspect ratios ("
1819,brain tumour,39329301,Blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in neuro-oncology.,The purpose of this review is to discuss the value of blood and CSF biomarkers in primary CNS tumors.
1820,brain tumour,39328673,Intracranial Myeloid Sarcoma Arising Intra-axially From Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report and Literature Review.,"Intracranial myeloid sarcoma is a rare brain tumor and an extramedullary manifestation of malignant hematopoietic neoplasms of myeloid origin. A 76-year-old right-handed male patient was initially diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML; M4Eo). Three years later, the patient experienced headaches, dizziness, nausea, and gait disturbances. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head revealed a mass lesion that appeared to be extra-axial in the right cerebellum with well-defined borders that did not show contrast enhancement and was in contact with the dura mater. The patient underwent surgical tumor resection using the lateral suboccipital approach. The tumor did not attach to the dura mater, indicating susceptibility of an intra-axial tumor. Complete tumor resection was performed. The intraoperative pathological diagnosis revealed the involvement of AML characterized by small round cells diffusely increasing in size with angiogenesis and invasion of macrophages. In conclusion, we present a rare case of intracranial myeloid sarcoma arising intra-axially and originating from an AML that was treated with surgical tumor resection. Although it is difficult to determine whether the tumor was extra-axial or intra-axial on imaging, intracranial myeloid sarcoma should be considered as a differential disease when the patient has a history of hematological neoplasia, such as AML."
1821,brain tumour,39328617,Approaches in Adult Glioblastoma Treatment: A Systematic Review of Emerging Therapies.,"Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by complex genetic changes and a poor prognosis. Current standard therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, have limited effectiveness. Emerging therapeutic strategies aim to address the high recurrence rate and improve outcomes by targeting glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), the blood-brain barrier, and utilizing advanced drug delivery systems. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. An electronic search was conducted across several databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane, covering studies published from January 2019 to May 2024. The inclusion criteria encompassed primary research studies in English focusing on emerging therapies for treating GB in adults. Eligible studies included experimental and observational studies. Only peer-reviewed journal articles were considered. Exclusion criteria included non-human studies, pediatric studies, non-peer-reviewed articles, systematic reviews, case reports, conference abstracts, and editorials. The search identified 755 articles and, finally, 24 of them met the inclusion criteria. The key findings highlight various promising therapies. Despite advances in treatment approaches, the complexity and heterogeneity of GB necessitate ongoing research to optimize these innovative strategies. The study has limitations that should be considered. The inclusion of only English-language articles may introduce language bias, and the focus on peer-reviewed articles could exclude valuable data from non-peer-reviewed sources. Heterogeneity among studies, particularly in sample sizes and designs, complicates comparison and synthesis, while the reliance on preclinical models limits generalizability to clinical practice. Nonetheless, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging therapies that hold promise for improving patient outcomes in GB treatment."
1822,brain tumour,39328291,Primary murine high-grade glioma cells derived from RCAS/tv-a diffuse glioma model reprogram naive T cells into immunosuppressive regulatory T lymphocytes.,"High-grade gliomas (HGGs) and glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most aggressive and lethal brain tumors. The current standard of care (SOC) includes gross safe surgical resection followed by chemoradiotherapy. The main chemotherapeutic agents are the DNA-alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) and adjuvants. Due to the outdated therapeutic protocols and lack of specific treatments, there is an urgent and rising need to improve our understanding of tumor biology and design more effective therapeutic strategies. "
1823,brain tumour,39327787,Isolated Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma of the Optic Nerve: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.,"Optic nerve involvement in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) has been reported only a few times in the literature, with generally dismal outcomes. We focused on an extremely rare presentation of PCNSL in an immunocompetent patient with isolated manifestations of the optic nerve."
1824,brain tumour,39327682,The Impact of Extensive Surgical Resection of Butterfly Glioblastomas on Outcomes in the Presence of TERT Mutation and EGFR Amplification: A Retrospective Cohort Study.,"This study aimed to assess if extensive surgical resection enhances outcomes in wild-type Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) butterfly glioblastoma (B-GBM) patients, despite the presence of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) mutation and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) amplification."
1825,brain tumour,39327585,3D genome contributes to MHC-II neoantigen prediction.,"Reliable and ultra-fast DNA and RNA sequencing have been achieved with the emergence of high-throughput sequencing technology. When combining the results of DNA and RNA sequencing for tumor cells of cancer patients, neoantigens that potentially stimulate the immune response of either CD4"
1826,brain tumour,39327380,Recent Advances in Marine-Derived Nanoformulation for the Management of Glioblastoma.,"Glioma is the most common and aggressive type of central nervous system tumor as categorized by the World Health Organization. Glioblastoma (GBA), in general, exhibits a grim prognosis and short life expectancy, rarely exceeding 14 months. The dismal prognosis is primarily attributed to the development of chemoresistance to temozolomide, the primary therapeutic agent for GBA treatment. Hence, it becomes imperative to develop novel drugs with antitumor efficacy rooted in distinct mechanisms compared to temozolomide. The vast marine environment contains a wealth of naturally occurring compounds from the sea (known as marine-derived natural products), which hold promise for future research in the quest for new anticancer drugs. Ongoing advancements in anticancer pharmaceuticals have led to an upswing in the isolation and validation of numerous pioneering breakthroughs and improvements in anticancer therapeutics. Nonetheless, the availability of FDA-approved marine-derived anticancer drugs remains limited, owing to various challenges and constraints. Among these challenges, drug delivery is a prominent hurdle. This review delves into an alternative approach for delivering marine-derived drugs using nanotechnological formulations and their mechanism of action for treating GBA."
1827,brain tumour,39327340,Application of bevacizumab in the management of meningiomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Meningiomas are the most common intracranial lesions and constitute one-third of diagnoses. Surgical resection is the gold-standard treatment option. In case of treatment failure, therapeutic options are limited. Bevacizumab is a vascular endothelial growth factor ligand-binding monoclonal antibody that prevents angiogenesis. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and feasibility of bevacizumab in meningiomas On December 30, 2023, a systematic search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases. This study is conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart. Our study included 12 studies, comprising 243 individuals and 310 tumors. Most of the studies were retrospective (80%). Most of the patients were male (47.9%). The bevacizumab was mostly administered intravenously at 10 mg/kg every two weeks (77.8%). The mean progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 19.1 ± 4.7 and 23.9 ± 8.4 months, respectively. The response rate was 0.33 (95%CI: 0.14-0.60). The PFS-6, PFS-12, and PFS-24 were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.64-0.89), 0.66 (95%CI: 0.46-0.82), and 25% (95%CI: 0.16-0.37), respectively. The OS-6, OS-12, and OS-24 were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.80-0.96), 0.86 (95%CI: 0.65-0.95), and 0.48 (95%CI: 0.16-0.82), respectively. The meta-regression identified the total number of individuals, number of tumors, gender, WHO II/III, and prior resection as a possible source of heterogeneity for outcomes. This study highlights the effectiveness of bevacizumab in meningiomas, especially in refractory, high-grade, or neurofibromatosis patients."
1828,brain tumour,39327199,Role of autophagy in modulating tumor cell radiosensitivity: Exploring pharmacological interventions for glioblastoma multiforme treatment.,"Autophagy is an innate cellular process characterized by self-digestion, wherein cells degrade or recycle aged proteins, misfolded proteins, and damaged organelles via lysosomal pathways. Its crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, ensuring development and survival is well established. In the context of cancer therapy, autophagy's importance is firmly recognized, given its critical impact on treatment efficacy. Following radiotherapy, several factors can modulate autophagy including parameters related to radiation type and delivery methods. The concomitant use of chemotherapy with radiotherapy further influences autophagy, potentially either enhancing radiosensitivity or promoting radioresistance. This review article discusses some pharmacological agents and drugs capable of modulating autophagy levels in conjunction with radiation in tumor cells, with a focus on those identified as potential radiosensitizers in glioblastoma multiforme treatment."
1829,brain tumour,39327198,Overcoming the limits of pediatric brain tumor radiotherapy: The use of preclinical 3D models.,"Radiotherapy (RT) is an integral part of managing pediatric brain tumors, yet many patients develop tumor radioresistance, leading to recurrence and poor clinical outcomes. In addition, neurocognitive impairment is a common long-term side effect of RT, significantly impairing quality of life. Indeed, increasing evidence suggests that the developing child's brain is particularly vulnerable to the neurotoxic effects of ionizing radiation. Consequently, developing novel preclinical models is crucial for studying radiation's impact on normal brain tissue and predicting patient-specific responses to RT, enabling the development of personalized therapies combined with RT. However, this area remains underexplored, primarily due to the transfer of results gathered from in vitro tumor models from adults to pediatric entities while the location and molecular characteristics of the brain tumor differ. Recent years have seen the emergence of patient-specific 3D in vitro models, which have been established for entities including glioblastoma and medulloblastoma. These models better mimic primary parenteral tumors more closely in their histological, transcriptional, and mutational characteristics, thus approximating their intratumoral heterogeneity more accurately than conventional 2D-models. In this review, we presented the main limits of pediatric brain tumor radiotherapy, including mechanisms of radioresistance, associated tumor relapse, and the side effects of irradiation on the central nervous system. We also conducted an exhaustive review to identify studies utilizing basic or advanced 3D models of pediatric brain tumors combined with irradiation and discussed how these models can overcome the limitations of RT."
1830,brain tumour,39326884,Utility of Early Postoperative DWI to Assess the Extent of Resection of Adult-Type World Health Organization Grade 2 and 3 Diffuse Gliomas.,"World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 and 3 diffuse gliomas account for approximately 5% of primary brain tumors. They are invasive and infiltrative tumors and have considerable morbidity, causing progressive neurologic deterioration. The mean survival time is <10 years from diagnosis. Surgical debulking represents first-line management. The extent of resection is associated with progression-free and overall survival. Radiologic assessment of the extent of resection is challenging. This can be underestimated on early postoperative MRI, meaning that accurate assessment may be achieved only on delayed follow-up imaging. We hypothesized that DWI may help facilitate more reliable estimates of the extent of resection on early postoperative MRI. This study aimed to assess the utility of DWI in early postoperative MRI to evaluate the extent of resection."
1831,brain tumour,39326828,Preparation of fragmented polyethylene nanoplastics using a focused ultrasonic system and assessment of their cytotoxic effects on human cells.,"With the growing prevalence of plastic use, the environmental release of plastic waste is escalating, and fragmented nanoscale plastic particles are emerging as significant environmental threats. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of fragmented polyethylene nanoplastics (PE NPs) manufactured using a focused ultrasonic system. The ultrasonic irradiation process generated fragmented PE NPs with a geometric mean diameter of 85.14 ± 5.37 nm and a size range of 25-350 nm. To assess cytotoxicity, we conducted a series of tests on various human cell lines, including stomach, blood, colon, lung, skin, liver, and brain-derived cells. The testing involved MTS-based cell viability assays to evaluate direct impacts on cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assays to measure membrane damage, and ELISA to quantify TNF-α release as an indicator of inflammation. Although PE-NPs did not immediately induce apoptosis, significant LDH leakage and elevated TNF-α levels were observed across all cell lines, indicating membrane damage and inflammatory responses. Additionally, flow cytometry and TEM analyses revealed the intracellular accumulation of PE-NPs, further supporting their cytotoxic potential. These results demonstrate that fragmented PE-NPs can disrupt cellular membranes and induce inflammatory responses through accumulation within cells. The findings suggest that these NPs pose potential hazards to cell viability and underscore the need for further research into their environmental and health impacts."
1832,brain tumour,39326554,Histone acetyltransferases as promising therapeutic targets in glioblastoma resistance.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal adult brain tumor with an extremely poor prognosis. GBM poses significant challenges for targeted therapies due to its intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity, a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment, diffuse infiltration into normal brain parenchyma, protection by the blood-brain barrier and acquisition of therapeutic resistance. Recent studies have implicated epigenetic modifiers as key players driving tumorigenesis, resistance, and progression of GBM. While the vast majority of GBM research on epigenetic modifiers thus far has focused predominantly on elucidating the functional roles and targeting of DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases, emerging evidence indicates that histone acetyltransferases (HATs) also play a key role in mediating plasticity and therapeutic resistance in GBM. Here, we will provide an overview of HATs, their dual roles and functions in cancer as both tumor suppressors and oncogenes and focus specifically on their implications in GBM resistance. We also discuss the technical challenges in developing selective HAT inhibitors and highlight their promise as potential anti-cancer therapeutics for treating intractable cancers such as GBM."
1833,brain tumour,39326365,"Detailed pathological role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating drug resistance of glioblastoma, and update.","Glioma is a kind of brain tumor that develops in the central nervous system and is classified based on its histology and molecular genetic features. The lifespan of patients does not exceed 22 months. One of the motives for the low effectiveness of glioma treatment is its radioresistance and chemoresistance. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a diverse set of transcripts that do not undergo translation to become proteins in glioma. The ncRNAs have been identified as significant regulators of several biological processes in different cell types and tissues, and their abnormal function has been linked to glioma. They are known to impact important occurrences, including carcinogenesis, progression, and enhanced treatment resistance in glioma cells. The ncRNAs control cell proliferation, migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and drug resistance in glioma cells. The main focus of this study is to inspect the involvement of ncRNAs in the drug resistance of glioma."
1834,brain tumour,39326139,Gambogic acid impairs the maintenance and therapeutic resistance of glioma stem cells by targeting B-cell-specific Moloney leukemia virus insert site 1.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor with low effectiveness of available treatments. The tumor heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance are largely due to the presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs). Therefore, eliminating GSCs can overcome the progression, relapse, and resistance of GBM. Previous studies have shown that gambogic acid (GA), a natural active ingredient, has anti-glioma properties. Nonetheless, it is still unclear whether it has an inhibitory effect on GSCs and what its target might be. This study aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effects of GA on GSCs. In addition, this study found the target of GA in GSCs and elucidated the potential specific mechanisms by conducting both in vitro and in vivo experiments. B-cell-specific Moloney leukemia virus insert site 1 (BMI1) is a key stem cell factor of the polycomb group (PcG) family with important effects on the development, recurrence, and chemoresistance of several cancers. In both normal and cancer stem cells, BMI1 maintains stem cell self-renewal by regulating the cell cycle, cellular immortalization, and senescence. Its high expression in a variety of cancers correlates with poor clinical prognosis and chemoresistance. These mechanisms of BMI1 make it a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy, and future studies may further reveal the specific roles of BMI1 mechanism and provide a basis for the development of new cancer therapeutic strategies."
1835,brain tumour,39326108,Enhancing targeted therapy by combining PI3K and AKT inhibitors with or without cisplatin or vincristine in medulloblastoma cell lines in vitro.,"Despite current intensive therapy, survival rates of medulloblastoma (MB) greatly vary according to molecular subgroup, so new therapies are needed. Recently, we showed that combining phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), fibroblast growth factor receptor and cyclin-dependent-kinase-4/6 inhibitors (BYL719, JNJ-42756493 and PD-0332991, respectively) or poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and WEE-1 inhibitors (BMN673 and MK1775 respectively) had synergistic effects on MB. Here, in continuation, we investigated the effects of single and combined administrations of PI3K and AKT inhibitors, with/without cisplatin or vincristine on adherent or suspension cultures of different MB subgroups as well as in a spheroid culture of one MB line."
1836,brain tumour,39325795,A randomized controlled study of auricular point acupressure to manage chemotherapy-induced neuropathy: Study protocol.,"Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (CIN) significantly impacts cancer patients, leading to functional disability, diminished quality of life, and increased healthcare costs amid the ongoing opioid crisis. Auricular point acupressure (APA), a non-invasive and non-pharmacological alternative, has shown potential for alleviating the pain, numbness, and tingling associated with CIN. This study aims to assess the efficacy of APA for CIN symptoms and physical function and to examine the mechanisms underlying APA's effects on CIN."
1837,brain tumour,39325621,HSV-1-induced N6-methyladenosine reprogramming via ICP0-mediated suppression of METTL14 potentiates oncolytic activity in glioma.,"Upon infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), the virus deploys multiple strategies to evade the host's innate immune response. However, the mechanisms governing this phenomenon remain elusive. Here, we find that HSV-1 leads to a decrease in overall m6A levels by selectively reducing METTL14 protein during early infection in glioma cells. Specifically, the HSV-1-encoded immediate-early protein ICP0 interacts with METTL14 within ND10 bodies and serves as an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, targeting and ubiquitinating METTL14 at the lysine 156 and 162 sites. Subsequently, METTL14 undergoes proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, METTL14 stabilizes ISG15 mRNA mediated by IGF2BP3 to promote antiviral effects. Notably, METTL14 suppression significantly enhances the anti-tumor effect of oncolytic HSV-1 (oHSV-1) in mice bearing glioma xenografts. Collectively, these findings establish that ICP0-guided m6A modification controls the antiviral immune response and suggest that targeting METTL14/ISG15 represents a potential strategy to enhance the oncolytic activity of oHSV-1 in glioma treatment."
1838,brain tumour,39325615,A Novel Framework for Multimodal Brain Tumor Detection with Scarce Labels.,"Brain tumor detection has advanced significantly with the development of deep learning technology. Although multimodal data, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT), has potential advantages in diagnostics, most existing studies rely solely on a single modality. This is because common fusion methods may lead to the loss of critical information when attempting multimodal fusion. Therefore, effectively integrating multimodal data has become a significant challenge. Additionally, medical image analysis requires large amounts of annotated data, and labeling images is a resourceintensive task that demands experienced professionals to spend a considerable amount of time. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a new unsupervised learning framework named Double-SimCLR. This framework builds on the foundation of contrastive learning and features a dual-branch structure, enabling direct and simultaneous processing of MRI and CT images for multimodal feature fusion. Given the ""weak feature"" characteristics of CT images (e.g., low soft tissue contrast and low resolution), we incorporated adaptive weight masking technology to enhance CT feature extraction. Moreover, we introduced a multimodal attention mechanism, which ensures that the model focuses on salient information, thereby elevating the precision and robustness of brain tumor detection. Even without substantial labeled data, experimental results demonstrate that Double-SimCLR achieves 93.458% accuracy, 92.463% precision, and a 93.058% F1-score, outperforming state-of-the-art (SOTA) models by 2.871%, 2.643%, and 3.098%, respectively."
1839,brain tumour,39325612,Translation Consistent Semi-supervised Segmentation for 3D Medical Images.,"3D medical image segmentation methods have been successful, but their dependence on large amounts of voxel-level annotated data is a disadvantage that needs to be addressed given the high cost to obtain such annotation. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) solves this issue by training models with a large unlabelled and a small labelled dataset. The most successful SSL approaches are based on consistency learning that minimises the distance between model responses obtained from perturbed views of the unlabelled data. These perturbations usually keep the spatial input context between views fairly consistent, which may cause the model to learn segmentation patterns from the spatial input contexts instead of the foreground objects. In this paper, we introduce the Translation Consistent Co-training (TraCoCo) which is a consistency learning SSL method that perturbs the input data views by varying their spatial input context, allowing the model to learn segmentation patterns from foreground objects. Furthermore, we propose a new Confident Regional Cross entropy (CRC) loss, which improves training convergence and keeps the robustness to co-training pseudo-labelling mistakes. Our method yields state-of-the-art (SOTA) results for several 3D data benchmarks, such as the Left Atrium (LA), Pancreas-CT (Pancreas), and Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS19). Our method also attains best results on a 2D-slice benchmark, namely the Automated Cardiac Diagnosis Challenge (ACDC), further demonstrating its effectiveness. Our code, training logs and checkpoints are available at https://github.com/yyliu01/ TraCoCo."
1840,brain tumour,39325554,Incidental Detection of Brain Metastases From a Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma at 18 F-Fluorocholine PET/CT in a Context of Primary Hyperparathyroidism.,"This 65-year-old man suffering from hypercalcemia in a context of hyperparathyroidism treated by calcimimetics was referred to our institution to perform an 18 F-fluorocholine PET/CT in order to localize the pathological parathyroid gland(s). We incidentally discovered a brain metastatic pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in addition to a parathyroid adenoma. This case illustrates the value of FCH PET/CT in hyperparathyroidism workup event under calcimimetic treatment, as well as the potential of FCH PET/CT to reveal occult malignancies."
1841,brain tumour,39325181,Symptomatic cerebral vasospasm after posterior fossa surgery in pediatric patients: single-center study and systematic literature review.,"The most common cause of cerebral vasospasm is subarachnoid hemorrhage, less frequently it occurs after trauma, infection, and tumor resection. Vasospasm in children is rare and has not been systematically investigated in posterior fossa surgery."
1842,brain tumour,39324997,Diagnostic performance of simultaneous PET-MR versus PET-CT in oncology with an overview on clinical utility and referral pattern of PET-MR: a single institutional study.,PET-Magnetic Resonance (PET-MR) imaging is an upcoming investigative modality with a few installations in Asia and only three in India. PET-Computed Tomography (PET-CT) is an established diagnostic cornerstone for oncological indications but with limited resolution for small lesions due to low soft-tissue contrast and additional radiation exposure.
1843,brain tumour,39324939,Novel therapies for pediatric low grade glioma.,Current biological findings provide new insights into the genetics driving growth of low-grade gliomas in pediatric patients. This has provided new targets for novel therapies. The purpose of this paper is to review novel therapies for pediatric low-grade gliomas that have been published in the past 24 months.
1844,brain tumour,39324884,Primary Central Nervous System Burkitt's Lymphoma in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review.,The objective of this research is to examine the therapy and outlook of pediatric primary central nervous system Burkitt lymphomas.
1845,brain tumour,39324713,Implementing a Standardized Educational Tool for Patients With Brain Tumors Undergoing Concurrent Temozolomide and Radiation Therapy.,Patients diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) often undergo concurrent temozolomide and radiation therapy. Antineoplastic medication nonadherence continues to be an issue for patients with cancer.
1846,brain tumour,39324552,Unlocking the Gates: Therapeutic Agents for Noninvasive Drug Delivery Across the Blood-Brain Barrier.,"The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective network of various cell types that acts as a filter between the blood and the brain parenchyma. Because of this, the BBB remains a major obstacle for drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). In recent years, there has been a focus on developing various modifiable platforms, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), nanobodies (Nbs), peptides, and nanoparticles, as both therapeutic agents and carriers for targeted drug delivery to treat brain cancers and diseases. Methods for bypassing the BBB can be invasive or noninvasive. Invasive techniques, such as transient disruption of the BBB using low pulse electrical fields and intracerebroventricular infusion, lack specificity and have numerous safety concerns. In this review, we will focus on noninvasive transport mechanisms that offer high levels of biocompatibility, personalization, specificity and are regarded as generally safer than their invasive counterparts. Modifiable platforms can be designed to noninvasively traverse the BBB through one or more of the following pathways: passive diffusion through a physio-pathologically disrupted BBB, adsorptive-mediated transcytosis, receptor-mediated transcytosis, shuttle-mediated transcytosis, and somatic gene transfer. Through understanding the noninvasive pathways, new applications, including Chimeric Antigen Receptors T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, and approaches for drug delivery across the BBB are emerging."
1847,brain tumour,39324445,Rodent models of tumours of the central nervous system.,"Modelling of human diseases is an essential component of biomedical research, to understand their pathogenesis and ultimately, develop therapeutic approaches. Here, we will describe models of tumours of the central nervous system, with focus on intrinsic CNS tumours. Model systems for brain tumours were established as early as the 1920s, using chemical carcinogenesis, and a systematic analysis of different carcinogens, with a more refined histological analysis followed in the 1950s and 1960s. Alternative approaches at the time used retroviral carcinogenesis, allowing a more topical, organ-centred delivery. Most of the neoplasms arising from this approach were high-grade gliomas. Whilst these experimental approaches did not directly demonstrate a cell of origin, the localisation and growth pattern of the tumours already pointed to an origin in the neurogenic zones of the brain. In the 1980s, expression of oncogenes in transgenic models allowed a more targeted approach by expressing the transgene under tissue-specific promoters, whilst the constitutive inactivation of tumour suppressor genes ('knock out')-often resulted in embryonic lethality. This limitation was elegantly solved by engineering the Cre-lox system, allowing for a promoter-specific, and often also time-controlled gene inactivation. More recently, the use of the CRISPR Cas9 technology has significantly increased experimental flexibility of gene expression or gene inactivation and thus added increased value of rodent models for the study of pathogenesis and establishing preclinical models."
1848,brain tumour,39324393,The prognostic utility of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in paediatric brain tumours: a retrospective case control study.,Paediatric brain tumours (PBT) are the most common cause of death among all childhood cancers. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown to prognosticate many adult cancers. There is a paucity of literature on the NLR in PBTs. This study aims to study the link between PBTs and the NLR by comparing the preoperative serum NLR in children under 16 with brain tumours with their outcome in terms of grade of brain tumour and overall survival.
1849,brain tumour,39324140,Variable screening and model construction for prognosis of elderly patients with lower-grade gliomas based on LASSO-Cox regression: a population-based cohort study.,This study aimed to identify prognostic factors for survival and develop a prognostic nomogram to predict the survival probability of elderly patients with lower-grade gliomas (LGGs).
1850,brain tumour,39324003,,Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) allows the non-invasive quantification of tumor biomechanical properties 
1851,brain tumour,39323802,Dual vision Transformer-DSUNET with feature fusion for brain tumor segmentation.,"Brain tumors are one of the leading causes of cancer death; screening early is the best strategy to diagnose and treat brain tumors. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is extensively utilized for brain tumor diagnosis; nevertheless, achieving improved accuracy and performance, a critical challenge in most of the previously reported automated medical diagnostics, is a complex problem. The study introduces the Dual Vision Transformer-DSUNET model, which incorporates feature fusion techniques to provide precise and efficient differentiation between brain tumors and other brain regions by leveraging multi-modal MRI data. The impetus for this study arises from the necessity of automating the segmentation process of brain tumors in medical imaging, a critical component in the realms of diagnosis and therapy strategy. The BRATS 2020 dataset is employed to tackle this issue, an extensively utilized dataset for segmenting brain tumors. This dataset encompasses multi-modal MRI images, including T1-weighted, T2-weighted, T1Gd (contrast-enhanced), and FLAIR modalities. The proposed model incorporates the dual vision idea to comprehensively capture the heterogeneous properties of brain tumors across several imaging modalities. Moreover, feature fusion techniques are implemented to augment the amalgamation of data originating from several modalities, enhancing the accuracy and dependability of tumor segmentation. The Dual Vision Transformer-DSUNET model's performance is evaluated using the Dice Coefficient as a prevalent metric for quantifying segmentation accuracy. The results obtained from the experiment exhibit remarkable performance, with Dice Coefficient values of 91.47 % for enhanced tumors, 92.38 % for core tumors, and 90.88 % for edema. The cumulative Dice score for the entirety of the classes is 91.29 %. In addition, the model has a high level of accuracy, roughly 99.93 %, which underscores its durability and efficacy in segmenting brain tumors. Experimental findings demonstrate the integrity of the suggested architecture, which has quickly improved the detection accuracy of many brain diseases."
1852,brain tumour,39323258,Immunological effects of post-operative epidural analgesia versus oral opioids in VATS.,"Anaesthetic choices in cancer surgery, including the use of epidural analgesia, may affect immune function during the perioperative period and might play an important role in subsequent cancer spread and recurrence."
1853,brain tumour,39323013,"CASCADES, a novel SOX2 super-enhancer-associated long noncoding RNA, regulates cancer stem cell specification and differentiation in glioblastoma.","Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, with a median survival of just over 1 year. The failure of available treatments to achieve remission in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) has been attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are thought to play a central role in tumor development and progression and serve as a treatment-resistant cell repository capable of driving tumor recurrence. In fact, the property of ""stemness"" itself may be responsible for treatment resistance. In this study, we identify a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), cancer stem cell-associated distal enhancer of SOX2 (CASCADES), that functions as an epigenetic regulator in glioma CSCs (GSCs). CASCADES is expressed in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild-type GBM and is significantly enriched in GSCs. Knockdown of CASCADES in GSCs results in differentiation towards a neuronal lineage in a cell- and cancer-specific manner. Bioinformatics analysis reveals that CASCADES functions as a super-enhancer-associated lncRNA epigenetic regulator of SOX2. Our findings identify CASCADES as a critical regulator of stemness in GSCs that represents a novel epigenetic and therapeutic target for disrupting the CSC compartment in glioblastoma."
1854,brain tumour,39323009,Decoding functional impact of epigenetic regulator mutations on ligand-receptor interaction perturbations for evaluation of cancer immunotherapy.,"Cellular crosstalk mediated by ligand-receptor interactions largely complicates the tumour ecosystem, resulting in heterogeneous tumour microenvironments that affect immune response and clinical benefits from immunotherapy. Epigenetic mechanisms are pivotal to expression changes of immune-related genes and can modulate the anti-tumour immune response. However, the functional consequences of disrupted epigenetic regulators (ERs) on ligand-receptor interactions in the tumour microenvironment remain largely unexplored. Here, we proposed mutations of ERs in perturbed interactions (MERIN), a molecular network-based approach that incorporates multi-omics data, to infer the potential consequences of ER mutations on ligand-receptor interaction perturbations. Leveraging cancer genomic profiles and molecular interaction data, we comprehensively decoded the functional consequences of ER mutations on dysregulated ligand-receptor interactions across 33 cancers. The dysregulated ligand-receptor genes were indeed enriched in cancer and immune-related function. We demonstrated the potential significance of PD1-PDL1 interaction-related ER mutations in stratifying cancer patients from multiple independent data cohorts. The ER mutation group showed distinct immunological characterizations and prognoses. Furthermore, we highlighted that the ER mutations could potentially predict clinical outcomes of immunotherapy. Our computational and clinical assessment underscore the utility of MERIN for elucidating the functional relevance of ER mutations in cancer immune response, potentially aiding patients' stratification for immunotherapy."
1855,brain tumour,39322536,Deep Learning and Habitat Radiomics for the Prediction of Glioma Pathology Using Multiparametric MRI: A Multicenter Study.,"Recent radiomics studies on predicting pathological outcomes of glioma have shown immense potential. However, the predictive ability remains suboptimal due to the tumor intrinsic heterogeneity. We aimed to achieve better pathological prediction outcomes by combining habitat analysis with deep learning."
1856,brain tumour,39322356,MR Imaging-Guided Focused Ultrasound-Clinical Applications in Managing Malignant Gliomas.,"Malignant gliomas (MGs) are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. Despite recent advances in understanding the biology and potential therapeutic vulnerabilities of MGs, treatment options remain limited as the delivery of drugs is often impeded by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and safe, complete surgical resection may not always be possible, especially for deep-seated tumors. In this review, the authors highlight emerging applications for MR imaging-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) as a noninvasive treatment modality for MGs. Specifically, the authors discuss MRgFUS's potential role in direct tumor cell killing, opening the BBB, and modulating antitumor immunity."
1857,brain tumour,39322177,Gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated neuro-immune interactions in glioblastoma: Implications for prognosis and immunotherapy response.,This study aimed to investigate the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the glioblastoma (GBM) tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and its impact on prognosis and response to immunotherapy.
1858,brain tumour,39322160,A thermo-responsive chemically crosslinked long-term-release chitosan hydrogel system increases the efficiency of synergy chemo-immunotherapy in treating brain tumors.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive and common brain tumor. The blood-brain barrier prevents several treatments from reaching the tumor. This study proposes a Chemo-Immunotherapy synergy treatment chemically crosslinked hydrogel system that is injected into the tumor to treat GBM. The strategy uses doxorubicin and BMS-1 with a thermo-responsive and chemically crosslinked hydrogel for extended drug release into the affected area. The hydrogels are produced by mixing with Chitosan (Chi), modified Pluronic F-127 (PF-127) with aldehyde end group and doxorubicin and then chemically crosslinking the aldehyde and amine bonds to increase the drug retention time. PF-127-CHO/Chi, which gels at body temperatures and chemically crosslinks between PF-127-CHO and Chitosan, increases the time that the drug remains in the affected area and prevents the hydrogel from swelling and compressing surrounding tissue. The drug is released from the chemically crosslinked hydrogels, prevents tumor progression and increases survival for subjects with GBM tumors. The Synergy Chemo-Immunotherapy also allows more efficient treatment of GBM than chemotherapy. The PF-127-CHO/Chi DOX and BMS-1 group have a tumor that is 43 times smaller than the untreated group. These results show that the proposed chemically crosslinking hydrogel is an efficient intratumoral delivery platform for the treatment of tumors."
1859,brain tumour,39322135,Fucoidan from Durvillaea Antarctica enhances the anti-cancer effect of anti-PD-L1 antibody by activating dendritic cells and T cells.,"Immune checkpoint inhibitors are showing groundbreaking results in tumor immunotherapy. However, there are cases where treatment efficiency is insufficient due to limitations in immune activity, and various trials to overcome this are being studied. In this study, we investigated the immune activation ability of fucoidan extracted from Durvillaea antarctica (FDA) and whether it can enhance the anti-cancer effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors. FDA treatment resulted in an elevation of co-stimulator and major histocompatibility complex molecule expression, as well as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in bone marrow-derived and splenic dendritic cells (DCs). Administration of 50 mg/kg FDA increased the number of splenic CD8 T cells by >1.4-fold compared to PBS administration. Additionally, 50 mg/kg FDA increased the production of IFN-γ in CD4 and CD8 T cells by 4.3-fold and 7.2-fold, respectively, compared to the PBS control. FDA promoted immune cell activation was TLR4 dependent. Furthermore, anti-PD-L1 antibody administration inhibited CT-26 tumor growth by approximately 3-fold compared to the PBS control group, whereas combined treatment with FDA and anti-PD-L1 antibody showed an 8.4-fold tumor growth inhibition effect compared to the PBS control group. Therefore, FDA may be used to enhance the anti-cancer effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors."
1860,brain tumour,39322063,Remimazolam attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction.,"Remimazolam, a novel benzodiazepine, is widely used as an anesthetic in endoscopic procedures; however, its effects on cognitive function remain unclear, limiting its broader application in general anaesthesia. Neuroinflammation is a well-established key factor in the etiology and progression of cognitive dysfunction, including conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, postoperative delirium, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that remimazolam exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, and clinical reports indicate a reduced incidence of postoperative delirium in patients treated with remimazolam. Nevertheless, whether remimazolam improves cognitive function through its anti-inflammatory properties remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of remimazolam and its underlying mechanism in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model of neuroinflammation, neuronal injury, and cognitive dysfunction METHODS: C57BL/6 J male mice were administered LPS intraperitoneally to establish a model of neuroinflammation-induced cognitive impairment. A subset of mice received remimazolam via intraperitoneal injection 30 minutes prior to LPS administration. Cognitive performance was evaluated using behavioural tests, including the Morris Water Maze (MWM), Novel Object Recognition (NOR) test, and Open Field Test (OFT). Hippocampal tissues were analyzed by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining to assess structural changes. Inflammatory markers, including Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time quantitative PCR. Immunofluorescence was used to detect translocator protein (TSPO) and markers of microglia activation (IBA-1, CD16/32, and CD206)."
1861,brain tumour,39321918,Brain Metastases from Esophageal Cancer: A Retrospective Review from a Single Institution.,"Patients with brain metastases (BrMs) from esophageal cancer have poor prognosis, the incidence of which is expected to rise due to improved survival from the primary tumor and increased neuroimaging. We aimed to identify patient and esophageal cancer characteristics associated with shorter survival in patients with BrMs and, secondly, to compare the prognosis of patients with HER2 overexpression."
1862,brain tumour,39321915,Malignant Transformation of Previously Radiated Vestibular Schwannoma: Two-Dimensional Operative Video.,"Malignant transformation of vestibular schwannomas (VSs), though rare,"
1863,brain tumour,39321702,"GLP-1 analogue liraglutide attenuates CIH-induced cognitive deficits by inhibiting oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis via the Nrf2/HO-1 and MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways.","Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common clinical condition linked to cognitive impairment, mainly characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). GLP-1 receptor agonist, known for promoting insulin secretion and reducing glucose levels, has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in various experimental models such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. This study aims to investigate the potential role and mechanisms of the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide in ameliorating OSA-induced cognitive deficits. CIH exposure, a well-established and mature OSA pathological model, was used both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, CIH significantly activated oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Liraglutide enhanced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, activating its downstream pathways, thereby mitigating CIH-induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, liraglutide modulated the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing the expression of inflammatory factors and proteins. In vivo, we subjected mice to an intermittent hypoxia incubator to mimic the pathogenesis of human OSA. The Morris water maze test revealed that CIH exposure substantially impaired spatial memory. Subsequent western blot analyses and histopathological examinations indicated that liraglutide could activate the Nrf2/HO-1 axis and inhibit the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby alleviating OSA-associated cognitive dysfunction in mice. These findings suggest that GLP-1 receptor agonists may offer a promising preventive strategy for OSA-associated cognitive impairment. By refining these findings, we provide new insights into GLP-1's protective mechanisms in combating cognitive deficits associated with CIH, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic agent for conditions linked to OSA."
1864,brain tumour,39321408,When Walter Freeman Came to Town: The Prefrontal Lobotomy at Rochester State Hospital.,"In the United States, frontal lobe lesioning procedures have been uniformly linked to the neurologist Walter Freeman, although the prefrontal lobotomy was investigated in other institutions in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe, Russia, Japan, and China, mostly in patients with psychosis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and/or intractable pain syndromes. These procedures were based on earlier reports of improvement of psychiatric symptoms after surgical resection of frontal lobe tumors and led many to infer a causal relationship between frontal lobe dysfunction and abnormal behavior. Freeman first visited Rochester, MN, as a medical student in a gastrointestinal laboratory at the Mayo Clinic. Freeman visited Rochester again many years later, a visit that was received with trepidation but ultimately led to the adoption of his lobotomy method. Freeman's grandfather, W.W. Keen, was a highly respected surgeon credited with the first successful surgical resection of a benign brain tumor in the United States, a connection that may have contributed to Freeman's subsequent interest in performing lobotomies. Keen maintained a close relationship with the Mayo brothers and also advocated for Freeman's initial visit to the Mayo Clinic. In this article, we present a brief historical review of Freeman and the early reports of the prefrontal lobotomy procedure performed by consultants affiliated with the Mayo Clinic and Rochester State Hospital."
1865,brain tumour,39321097,"Thymoquinone Abrogates Acrylamide-Induced Cerebellar Toxicity via Modulation of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2/Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signaling, Oxidative Neuroinflammation, and Neuroapoptosis in Rats.","Acrylamide (ACR) is an obligate human neurotoxicant ubiquitously produced and found in foods processed at high temperature. There is an increasing public health concern regarding its probable carcinogenic potential. Its prevailing toxicity mechanism is oxidative inflammation and apoptosis. Herein, we explored whether thymoquinone (TQ), a bioactive quinone in "
1866,brain tumour,39321004,CAISeg: A Clustering-Aided Interactive Network for Lesion Segmentation in 3D Medical Imaging.,"Accurate lesion segmentation in medical imaging is critical for medical diagnosis and treatment. Lesions' diverse and heterogeneous characteristics often present a distinct long-tail distribution, posing difficulties for automatic methods. Currently, interactive segmentation approaches have shown promise in improving accuracy, but still struggle to deal with tail features. This triggers a demand of effective utilizing strategies of user interaction. To this end, we propose a novel point-based interactive segmentation model called Clustering-Aided Interactive Segmentation Network (CAISeg) in 3D medical imaging. A customized Interaction-Guided Module (IGM) adopts the concept of clustering to capture features that are semantically similar to interaction points. These clustered features are then mapped to the head regions of the prompted category to facilitate more precise classification. Meanwhile, we put forward a Focus Guided Loss function to grant the network an inductive bias towards user interaction through assigning higher weights to voxels closer to the prompted points, thereby improving the responsiveness efficiency to user guidance. Evaluation across brain tumor, colon cancer, lung cancer, and pancreas cancer segmentation tasks show CAISeg's superiority over the state-of-the-art methods. It outperforms the fully automated segmentation models in accuracy, and achieves results comparable to or better than those of the leading point-based interactive methods while requiring fewer prompt points. Furthermore, we discover that CAISeg possesses good interpretability at various stages, which endows CAISeg with potential clinical application value."
1867,brain tumour,39320989,The Pediatric Physiatric Posterior Fossa Symptoms scale (3PFSs): Impairments and outcome in pediatric inpatient rehabilitation for posterior fossa brain tumors.,Clinical recognition of the post-operative neurologic sequelae of posterior fossa tumors is inconsistent. This study aimed to characterize functional impairments and recovery trajectories in pediatric patients admitted to inpatient rehabilitation following surgical resection of posterior fossa brain tumors. This study also introduces the Pediatric Physiatric Posterior Fossa Symptom scale (3PFSs) for serial assessment of post-operative symptoms in pediatric posterior fossa brain tumors.
1868,brain tumour,39320955,Leflunomide nanocarriers: a new prospect of therapeutic applications.,"Leflunomide (LEF) is a well-known disease-modifying anti-rheumatic agent (DMARDs) that was approved in 1998 for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management. It is enzymatically converted into active metabolite teriflunomide (TER) inside the body. LEF and TER possess several pharmacological effects in a variety of diseases including multiple sclerosis, cancer, viral infections and neurobehavioral brain disorders. Despite the aforementioned pharmacological effects exploring these effects in nanomedicine applications has been focused mainly on RA and cancer treatment. This review summarises the main pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic effects of LEF along with highlighting the applications of nanoencapsulation of LEF and its metabolite in different diseases."
1869,brain tumour,39320657,Junctional adhesion molecular 3 (JAM3) is a novel tumor suppressor and improves the prognosis in breast cancer brain metastases via the TGF-β/Smad signal pathway.,"Breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) is a deadly clinical problem, and the exact underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Junctional adhesion molecule (JAM), a tight junction protein, is a key negative regulator of cancer cell invasion and metastasis."
1870,brain tumour,39320044,Effectiveness of electro-acupuncture for cognitive improvement on Alzheimer's disease quantified via PET imaging of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1.,"Electro-acupuncture (EA) has demonstrated potential in improving mild-to-moderate dementia in clinics, but the underlying scientific target remains unclear."
1871,brain tumour,39319573,Voices in ,No abstract found
1872,brain tumour,39319173,Giant cerebral tuberculoma mimicking tumor in a pediatric patient: A case report.,Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by 
1873,brain tumour,39318967,Learnable real-time inference of molecular composition from diffuse spectroscopy of brain tissue.,"Diffuse optical modalities such as broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (bNIRS) and hyperspectral imaging (HSI) represent a promising alternative for low-cost, non-invasive, and fast monitoring of living tissue. Particularly, the possibility of extracting the molecular composition of the tissue from the optical spectra deems the spectroscopy techniques as a unique diagnostic tool."
1874,brain tumour,39318966,Spectral analysis comparison of pushbroom and snapshot hyperspectral cameras for ,"Hyperspectral imaging sensors have rapidly advanced, aiding in tumor diagnostics for "
1875,brain tumour,39318626,Case report: Breaking CNS immuno-privilege: TNFα-inhibitor triggers aseptic meningitis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.,Blood-brain barrier dysfunction might be driven by peripheral inflammation. TNFα inhibitors (TNF-α
1876,brain tumour,39318378,Delivery of extracellular vesicles loaded with immune checkpoint inhibitors for immunotherapeutic management of glioma.,"Glioma is a common primary malignant brain tumor with low survival rate. Immunotherapy with immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICI) can be a choice for glioma management, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as a potential drug delivery system for various disease management due to their enhanced barrier permeation ability and immunomodulatory effect. The aim of this study is to develop ICI-loaded EVs (ICI/EV) that have sufficient efficacy in managing glioma. Calcium phosphate particles (CaP) were used to stimulate the secretion of EVs from murine macrophage cells. CaP conditioning of cells showed an enhanced amount of EVs secretion and macrophage polarization toward a proinflammatory phenotype. The CaP-induced EVs were shown to polarize macrophages into proinflammatory phenotype "
1877,brain tumour,39318230,Nanorod-associated plasmonic circular dichroism monitors the handedness and composition of α-synuclein fibrils from Parkinson's disease models and post-mortem brain.,"Human full-length (fl) αSyn fibrils, key neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD), generate intense optical activity corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance of interacting gold nanorods. Herein, we analysed fibril-enriched protein extracts from mouse and human brain samples as well as from SK-N-SH cell lines with or without human fl and C-terminally truncated (Ctt) αSyn overexpression and exposed them to αSyn monomers, recombinant fl αSyn fibrils or Ctt αSyn fibrils. "
1878,brain tumour,39318229,A 53-year-old woman with a 16-year history of epilepsy.,No abstract found
1879,brain tumour,39318210,Nanoparticles in CNS Therapeutics: Pioneering Drug Delivery Advancements.,"The incidence of Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and malignancies, has risen significantly in recent decades, contributing to millions of deaths annually. Efficacious treatment of these disorders requires medicines targeting the brain. The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) poses a formidable challenge to effective drug delivery to the brain, hindering progress in CNS therapeutics. This review explores the latest developments in nanoparticulate carriers, highlighting their potential to overcome BBB limitations."
1880,brain tumour,39317933,Time series analysis combined with transcriptome sequencing to explore characteristic genes and potential molecular mechanisms associated with ultrasound-guided microwave ablation of glioma.,This study aimed to explore marker genes and their potential molecular mechanisms involved in US-guided MWA for glioma in mice.
1881,brain tumour,39317821,"Letter to the editor: ""Risk factors for early intraventricular hemorrhagic complications following lateral ventricular tumor surgery"".",No abstract found
1882,brain tumour,39317708,"Pre-metastatic niche: formation, characteristics and therapeutic implication.","Distant metastasis is a primary cause of mortality and contributes to poor surgical outcomes in cancer patients. Before the development of organ-specific metastasis, the formation of a pre-metastatic niche is pivotal in promoting the spread of cancer cells. This review delves into the intricate landscape of the pre-metastatic niche, focusing on the roles of tumor-derived secreted factors, extracellular vesicles, and circulating tumor cells in shaping the metastatic niche. The discussion encompasses cellular elements such as macrophages, neutrophils, bone marrow-derived suppressive cells, and T/B cells, in addition to molecular factors like secreted substances from tumors and extracellular vesicles, within the framework of pre-metastatic niche formation. Insights into the temporal mechanisms of pre-metastatic niche formation such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immunosuppression, extracellular matrix remodeling, metabolic reprogramming, vascular permeability and angiogenesis are provided. Furthermore, the landscape of pre-metastatic niche in different metastatic organs like lymph nodes, lungs, liver, brain, and bones is elucidated. Therapeutic approaches targeting the cellular and molecular components of pre-metastatic niche, as well as interventions targeting signaling pathways such as the TGF-β, VEGF, and MET pathways, are highlighted. This review aims to enhance our understanding of pre-metastatic niche dynamics and provide insights for developing effective therapeutic strategies to combat tumor metastasis."
1883,brain tumour,39317702,GFPT2: A novel biomarker in mesothelioma for diagnosis and prognosis and its molecular mechanism in malignant progression.,"Mesothelioma (MESO) is an insidious malignancy with a complex diagnosis and a poor prognosis. Our study unveils Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase 2 (GFPT2) as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic marker for MESO, exploring its role in MESO pathogenesis."
1884,brain tumour,39317698,Neurofilament light chain associates with IVH and ROP in extremely preterm infants.,"Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is known for indicating adult brain injury, but the role of NfL in extremely preterm infants is less studied. This study examines the relationship between NfL and neurovascular morbidities in these infants."
1885,brain tumour,39317688,Myrtenol-Loaded Fatty Acid Nanocarriers Protect Rat Brains Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects.,"This research investigated the preventive effects of myrtenol (MYR), fatty acid nanocarriers (FANC), and myrtenol-loaded FANC (MYR + FANC) on neurological disturbance, stroke volume, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the brain with ischemia-reperfusion injuries induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Seventy two Wistar male rats were divided into six main groups. The groups were sham, ischemia-reperfusion group (MACO), MACO-MYR (50 mg/kg), MACO-FANC (50 and 100 mg/kg), and MACO-MYR + FANC (50 mg/kg). Stroke volume, neurological deficit scores, and the brain levels of MDA, SOD, and TNF-α were examined with TTC staining, observation, and ELISA, respectively. Pretreatment with MYR, FANC (100 mg/kg), and MYR + FANC reduced the neurological deficit score and cerebral infarction volume. MYR, FANC (100 mg/kg), and MYR + FANC pretreatment increased and decreased brain SOD and MDA levels compared to MACO group, respectively. The TNF-α level decreased in the MYR + FANC group compared to MCAO and MCAO-MYR groups in the brain. The use of FANC (100 mg/kg), MYR, and MYR + FANC has protective effects against oxidative stress and ischemia-reperfusion injury. FANC probably improve the bioavailability of MYR, as MYR+ FANC had more therapeutic effects on the reduction of ischemia-reperfusion injuries, inflammation, and oxidative stress."
1886,brain tumour,39317508,Using an anti-racist research framework to design studies of oral human papillomavirus and oropharyngeal cancer in San Francisco: rationale and protocol for the Health Equity and Oral Health in People living with HIV (HEOHP) qualitative study.,"The goal of our research programme is to develop culturally appropriate patient-specific interventions for primary and secondary prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) among people living with HIV (PLWH); PLWH are at a higher risk for OPC than the general population and, as with many cancers, there are disparities in OPC health outcomes by race and ethnicity. Our study incorporates an anti-racist research framework that proposes considering racism as a foundational sociocultural system that causes ill health. We expand the framework to include biases due to gender, sexual orientation, HIV status and membership in other non-dominant groups. Our research programme focuses on HPV-related OPC among people living with PLWH, and on how intersecting identities may impact an individual's experience with oral health, obtaining regular and appropriate oral healthcare, knowledge and perceptions of oral HPV infection, risk factors for OPC and HPV vaccination."
1887,brain tumour,39317231,A clustering tool for generating biological geometries for computational modeling in radiobiology.,
1888,brain tumour,39317221,Multiple cerebral cavernomas in linear scleroderma: an unusual association.,No abstract found
1889,brain tumour,39316769,The missing link between cancer stem cells and immunotherapy.,"Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells that can self-renew and give rise to tumors. The multipotency of CSCs enables the generation of diverse cancer cell types and their potential for differentiation and resilience against chemotherapy and radiation. Additionally, specific biomarkers have been identified for them, such as CD24, CD34, CD44, CD47, CD90, and CD133. The CSC model suggests that a subset of CSCs within tumors is responsible for tumor growth. The tumor microenvironment (TME), including fibroblasts, immune cells, adipocytes, endothelial cells, neuroendocrine (NE) cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), and extracellular vesicles, has a part in shielding CSCs from the host immune response as well as protecting them against anticancer drugs. The regulation of cancer stem cell plasticity by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) occurs through specific signaling pathways that differ among various types of cancer, utilizing the IGF-II/IGF1R, FAK, and c-Met/FRA1/HEY1 signaling pathways. Due to the intricate dynamics of CSC proliferation, controlling their growth necessitates innovative approaches and much more research. Our current review speculates an outline of how the TME safeguards stem cells, their interaction with CSCs, and the involvement of the immune and inflammatory systems in CSC differentiation and maintenance. Several technologies have the ability to identify CSCs; however, each approach has limitations. We discuss how these methods can aid in recognizing CSCs in several cancer types, comprising brain, breast, liver, stomach, and colon cancer. Furthermore, we explore different immunotherapeutic strategies targeting CSCs, including stimulating cancer-specific T cells, modifying immunosuppressive TMEs, and antibody-mediated therapy targeting CSC markers."
1890,brain tumour,39316484,BLEscope: A Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Microscope for Wireless Multicontrast Functional Imaging.,"Recent advances in low-power wireless-capable system-on-chips (SoCs) have accelerated diverse Internet of Things (IoT) applications, encompassing wearables, asset monitoring, and more. Concurrently, the field of neuroimaging has experienced escalating demand for lightweight, untethered, low-power systems capable of imaging in small animals. This article explores the feasibility of using a low-power asset monitoring system as the basis of a new architecture for fluorescence and hemodynamic contrast-based wireless functional imaging. The core system architecture hinges on the fusion of a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) 5.2 SoC and a low-power 560×560, 8-bit monochrome CMOS image sensor module. Successful integration of a multicontrast optical front-end consisting of a fluorescence channel (FL) and an intrinsic optical signal (IOS) channel resulted in the creation of a wireless microscope called 'BLEscope'. Next, we developed a wireless (i.e. BLE) protocol to remotely operate the BLEscope via a laptop and acquire in vivo images at 1 frame per second (fps). We then conducted a comprehensive characterization of the BLEscope to assess its optical capabilities and power consumption. We report a new benchmark for continuous wireless imaging of ∼1.5 hours with a 100 mAh battery. Via the FL channel of the BLEscope, we successfully tracked the kinetics of an intravenously injected fluorescent tracer and acquired images of fluorescent brain tumor cells in vivo. Via the IOS channel, we characterized the differential response of normal and tumor-associated blood vessels to a carbogen gas inhalation challenge. When miniaturized, the BLEscope will result in a new class of low-power, implantable or wireless microscopes that could transform preclinical and clinical neuroimaging applications."
1891,brain tumour,39316469,Diverse Engraftment Capability of Neuroblastoma Cell Lines in Zebrafish Larvae.,Xenotransplantation of neuroblastoma cells into larval zebrafish allows the characterization of their 
1892,brain tumour,39316318,Ethnicity in neuro-oncology research: How are we doing and how can we do better?,"This study systematically reviews and meta-analyses the extent of ethnic minority representation in neuro-oncology Phase III and IV clinical trials, explores the effect of ethnicity on outcomes, and identifies predictors for the inclusion of ethnicity data in publications."
1893,brain tumour,39316313,Survival implications of postoperative restricted diffusion in high-grade glioma and limitations of intraoperative MRI detection.,Here we assess whether the volume of cerebral ischemia induced during glioma surgery may negatively impact survival independently of neurological function. We also evaluate the sensitivity of intraoperative MRI (iMRI) in detecting cerebral ischemia during surgery.
1894,brain tumour,39316272,Combination treatment with histone deacetylase and carbonic anhydrase 9 inhibitors shows therapeutic potential in experimental diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.,"Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) remains a significant therapeutic challenge due to the lack of effective and safe treatment options. This study explores the potential of combining histone deacetylase (HDAC) and carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) inhibitors in treating DIPG. Analysis of RNA sequencing data and tumor tissue from patient samples for the expression of the carbonic anhydrase family and hypoxia signaling pathway activity revealed clinical relevance for targeting CA9 in DIPG. A synergy screen was conducted using CA9 inhibitor SLC-0111 and HDAC inhibitors panobinostat, vorinostat, entinostat, and pyroxamide. The combination of SLC-0111 and pyroxamide demonstrated the highest synergy and was selected for further analysis. Combining SLC-0111 and pyroxamide effectively inhibited DIPG cell proliferation, reduced cell migration and invasion potential, and enhanced histone acetylation, leading to decreased cell population in S Phase. Additionally, the combination therapy induced a greater reduction in intracellular pH than either agent alone. Data from this study suggest that the combination of SLC-0111 and pyroxamide holds promise for treating experimental DIPG, and further investigation of this combination therapy in preclinical models is warranted to evaluate its potential as a viable treatment for DIPG."
1895,brain tumour,39316248,The role of molecular biomarkers in recurrent glioblastoma trials: an assessment of the current trial landscape of genome-driven oncology.,"For glioblastoma patients, the efficacy-targeted therapy is limited to date. Most of the molecular therapies previously studied are lacking efficacy in this population. More trials are needed to study the actual actionability of biomarkers in (recurrent) glioblastoma. This study aimed to assess the current clinical trial landscape to assess the role of molecular biomarkers in trials on recurrent glioblastoma treatment. The database ClinicalTrials.gov was used to identify not yet completed clinical trials on recurrent glioblastoma in adults. Recruiting studies were assessed to investigate the role of molecular criteria, which were retrieved as detailed as possible. Primary outcome was molecular criteria used as selection criteria for study participation. Next to this, details on moment and method of testing, and targets and drugs studied, were collected. In 76% (181/237) of the included studies, molecular criteria were not included in the study design. Of the remaining 56 studies, at least one specific genomic alteration as selection criterium for study participation was required in 33 (59%) studies. Alterations in EGFR, CDKN2A/B or C, CDK4/6, and RB were most frequently investigated, as were the corresponding drugs abemaciclib and ribociclib. Of the immunotherapies, CAR-T therapies were the most frequently studied therapies. Previously, genomics studies have revealed the presence of potentially actionable alterations in glioblastoma. Our study shows that the potential efficacy of targeted treatment is currently not translated into genome-driven trials in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. An intensification of genome-driven trials might help in providing evidence for (in)efficacy of targeted treatments."
1896,brain tumour,39316196,Transforming brain cancer therapeutics: unlocking the power of blood-brain barrier-targeting strategies for superior treatment outcomes and precision medicine.,"The treatment of brain tumors is significantly hindered by the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), a selective barrier that restricts the passage of therapeutic agents to the brain. Recent advancements in BBB-targeting therapies offer promising strategies to overcome this challenge, providing new avenues for the effective treatment of brain cancer. This article reviews innovative approaches, including Convection-Enhanced Delivery (CED) and RNA-based therapeutics, which enhance drug delivery directly to tumor sites, bypassing the BBB and reducing systemic toxicity. Additionally, the use of theranostic nanoparticles and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing presents novel opportunities for real-time monitoring and precision-targeted therapy, respectively. Techniques such as magnetic nanoparticles, intranasal drug administration, and focused ultrasound with microbubbles are also being refined to improve drug penetration across the BBB. Furthermore, peptide-based delivery systems and small molecules designed to mimic endogenous transport pathways are accelerating the discovery of more effective therapies. The exploration of combination therapies that synergize BBB-penetrant drugs with conventional chemotherapeutic agents or immunotherapies holds the potential to enhance treatment efficacy and patient outcomes. Continued research and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential to develop predictive models, personalized treatment strategies, and alternative delivery methods that ensure the long-term safety and effectiveness of these novel therapies. Advancements in BBB-targeting therapeutics are poised to transform the landscape of brain cancer treatment, offering renewed hope for improved survival rates and quality of life for patients."
1897,brain tumour,39316012,"Clinical, Histologic, and Therapeutic Pattern of Posterior Fossa Tumors in Children in Cameroon: A Cross-sectional Study.",Posterior fossa tumors are significant in pediatric neurooncological populations due to their frequency and morbimortality. We convey a 10-year experience managing pediatric posterior fossa tumors at two reference centers in Cameroon.
1898,brain tumour,39316002,What is causing this patient's hyperprolactinemia?,No abstract found
1899,brain tumour,39315927,Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Caring for People with Leptomeningeal Disease.,"Leptomeningeal disease (LMD), spread of cancer to the lining of the brain and its protective coverings, is a feared complication of many different types of cancer. LMD negatively affects prognosis across tumor types. Palliative care (PC) clinicians caring for patients with advanced cancer may be faced with discussing limited prognosis, assisting with symptom management, and helping with medical decision making for patients with LMD. An understanding of pathophysiology, symptomatology, prognosis, and treatment options is essential in providing optimal care. This article, written by clinicians who work across the cancer spectrum, uses an accessible ""ten tips"" format to help increase PC providers' confidence and competence around caring for people with LMD."
1900,brain tumour,39315894,Absolute Metabolite Quantification in Individuals with Glioma and Healthy Individuals Using Whole-Brain Three-dimensional MR Spectroscopic and Echo-planar Time-resolved Imaging.,MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) can be used to quantify an extended brain metabolic profile but is confounded by changes in tissue water levels due to disease.
1901,brain tumour,39315864,Sequencing of Checkpoint or BRAF/MEK Inhibitors on Brain Metastases in Melanoma.,The impact of the order of treatment with checkpoint inhibitors or BRAF/MEK inhibitors on the development of brain metastases in patients with metastatic unresectable 
1902,brain tumour,39315795,Accuracy of Preoperative Imaging in Assessing the Positivity of the Deep Periosteal Margin in Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans of the Scalp.,"The locally aggressive nature and high recurrence rate of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) make it challenging to manage, especially when present on the scalp, owing to its ability to invade the underlying periosteum, bone, dura, or brain. Preoperative imaging is used to plan resection, but the true correlation between periosteal or osseous changes on imaging and the presence of tumor within the periosteum is unclear. We present our institutional experience of managing DFSP of the scalp with emphasis on the imaging used. A retrospective review of 33 patients with DFSP of the scalp treated at a tertiary center was conducted. Data on demographics, tumor characteristics, preoperative imaging (magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography), and surgical outcomes were analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of each imaging modality were calculated. Patients underwent surgical resection at a mean age of 37.11 years and had a median follow-up of 28.34 months. Preoperative imaging was available for 26 patients (CT only: 5, MRI only: 12, CT and MRI: 9). Calvarial abnormalities were seen in 3 patients. Treatment included Mohs surgery (66.7%) and wide local excision (33.3%). In 10 patients with positive periosteal margins, bone involvement was managed by burring (7) or craniectomy (3). The sensitivity and PPV of CT for periosteal margin positivity were 25% and 100%, and for MRI were 33% and 100%, respectively. The specificity and NPV were 100% and 50% for CT, and 100% and 66% for MRI. Preoperative CT and MRI have low sensitivity and NPV but high specificity and PPV in determining depth of involvement and are essential to guiding reconstruction in DFSP of the scalp."
1903,brain tumour,39315203,Ossified spinal epidermoid cyst: A systematic review and case report.,"Epidermoid cysts (ECs) are rare, benign lesions which comprise less than 1 % of all spinal tumors. Calcification of spinal ECs is rare, and EC ossification within the lumbar spine has never been documented. We report the only known congenital lumbar epidermoid tumor with ossification and a literature review of intradural lumbar ECs."
1904,brain tumour,39314655,Isolated large demyelinated plaque with clinical and radiologic appearance suggestive of cervical intramedullary tumor diagnosed after surgery.,"Isolated spinal demyelinating lesions are rare and often associated with multiple sclerosis. While initial radiological findings may suggest a tumor, a definitive diagnosis requires a histological diagnosis. A 45-year-old woman presented with progressive spastic tetraparesis for 1 week. She had no prior history of neurological or systemic illness. Brain and thoracic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were normal, but cervical MRI revealed an intramedullary tumor extending from C3 to C4. Surgery was performed. Histopathological examination revealed an inflammatory demyelinating plaque, not a tumor. The patient experienced significant improvement in her clinical condition postsurgery and remains under neurological follow-up. We discuss this case alongside a review of similar cases reported in the literature, focusing on clinical presentation, laboratory findings, MRI features, and follow-up of patients with tumor-like inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the spinal cord initially diagnosed as intramedullary tumors."
1905,brain tumour,39314610,Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Hemorrhage and Pituitary Adenoma in a COVID-19-Positive Patient.,"Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are usually asymptomatic. They can cause intense pain or bleeding or lead to other serious medical problems. We present a rare case of a woman who presented with a severe headache and was brought to the emergency service for an intracerebral hemorrhage due to a ruptured AVM. During the surgery, a sellar mass was identified that was also resected. AVM showed vasculitis, endarteritis, endothelial damage, leukocyte plug, and damage to the vessel wall with fragmentation of the collagen and actin filaments. The sellar mass showed a non-functioning pituitary adenoma with hemorrhagic foci and necrosis as well as a proteinaceous vs. lipid material deposition with minimal vascular changes such as endothelial hyperplasia with minimal vasculitis and hyperplasia of reticular stellate cells, with positive glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which expressed low expression of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), IL6, IL10, IL17, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFa), HIF1a, factor VIII (FVIII), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). The patient's polymerase chain reaction COVID-19 test was positive, and she died three days after the surgery procedure. In our knowledge of COVID-19 brain lesions and in the literature review, this was a rare case of a double pathology associated with COVID-19 infection characterized by rupture of the AVM with hemorrhages and brain infarcts associated with endarteritis, vessel wall injuries, and pituitary apoplexy."
1906,brain tumour,39314430,Data-driven determination of ,"Metabolite amplitude estimates derived from linear combination modeling of MR spectra depend upon the precise list of constituent metabolite basis functions used (the ""basis set""). The absence of clear consensus on the ""ideal"" composition or objective criteria to determine the suitability of a particular basis set contributes to the poor reproducibility of MRS. In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate a novel, data-driven approach for deciding the basis-set composition using Bayesian information criteria (BIC)."
1907,brain tumour,39314283,CD200 depletion in glioma enhances antitumor immunity and induces tumor rejection.,"High-grade gliomas are a major health challenge with poor prognosis and high morbidity. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have emerged as promising therapeutic options for several malignancies yet show little efficacy against central nervous system (CNS) tumors. CD200 is a newly recognized immune checkpoint that modulates immune homeostasis. CD200 protein is expressed by a variety of cells, including immune cells and stromal cells, and is overexpressed by many tumors. The shedding of CD200 from tumor cells can create an immunosuppressive environment that dampens anti-tumor immunity by modulating cytolytic activity and cytokine expression both within and outside the tumor microenvironment (TME). While it is well-accepted that CD200 induces a pro-tumorigenic environment through its ability to suppress the immune response, we sought to determine the role of glioma-specific expression of CD200. We show that CD200 is expressed across glioma types, is shed from tumor cells, and increases over time in the serum of patients undergoing immunotherapy. Using CD200 knockout (KO) glioma models, we demonstrated that glioma cell-derived CD200 promotes tumor growth in vivo and in vitro. Notably, CD200 KO gliomas are spontaneously rejected by their host, a process that required a fully functional immune system, including NK and T-cells. Moreover, we report that glioma-derived or brain-injected soluble CD200 contributes to the suppression of antigen-specific CD8 T-cells in the draining lymph nodes (dLNs). Our work provides new mechanistic insights regarding CD200-mediated immunosuppression by gliomas."
1908,brain tumour,39314280,A brain-body feedback loop driving HPA-axis dysfunction in breast cancer.,"Breast cancer patients often exhibit disrupted circadian rhythms in circulating glucocorticoids (GCs), such as cortisol. This disruption correlates with reduced quality of life and higher cancer mortality "
1909,brain tumour,39314234,Comprehensive study of ancient schwannoma: Exploring histomorphological diversity and diagnostic challenges.,
1910,brain tumour,39313765,Implementation of Virtual Yoga Shared Medical Appointment (VYSMA) Pilot at an Academic Medical Center Within a Mixed-Diagnosis Oncology Population.,"Yoga is highly sought after by people seeking oncology care, endorsed by clinical practice guidelines, and supported by leading cancer organizations, yet barriers related to access, time, cost, and availability of quality providers remain. Shared medical appointments (SMA), a group healthcare model where patients with similar medical conditions participate in a collective appointment with healthcare providers, are associated with increased access to quality care, patient satisfaction, and clinician satisfaction. We piloted a unique insurance-covered virtual yoga SMA series to assess feasibility and acceptability in a mixed-diagnosis population. In this prospective cohort pilot, a trauma-informed Hanna Somatic Yoga instructor and an integrative medicine physician co-led yoga SMAs via live web-based conferencing. SMA content included conscious self-regulation through mind-body practices including breathing, movement, visualization, meditation, chanting, and guided relaxation. Qualitative and quantitative data were gathered to assess satisfaction with the 88 sessions offered over 33 months. Sixty-nine participants with diverse demographics attended a total of 500 visits. Class attendance ranged from 2-11 participants (mean 6 participants). Participants attended a mean of 7 sessions (range 1-63 sessions), with 63% attending > 1 session. Participants' diagnoses/symptoms included cancer (77%), anxiety/depression (38%), and pain (38%). Preseries, participants reported pain, weakness, neuropathy, lymphedema, insomnia, and fatigue. Postseries survey results suggested improvements in anxiety/fear, pain, fatigue, poor sleep, neuropathy, brain fog, isolation, weakness, inflexibility, and poor balance. Postseries, participants also reported incorporating mindfulness, breathing techniques, somatic skills, weight training, and yoga into their daily routines, with 91% reporting that their goals had been met. Participants appreciated remote delivery, learning new skills, community, and the instructors. This virtual yoga SMA series in a diverse population with mixed diagnoses was feasible, acceptable to participants, and showed promising positive impact. A larger randomized controlled trial with longer follow-up is recommended."
1911,brain tumour,39313755,Isolation of Tumour-Derived Extracellular Vesicles From the Plasma of Dogs Affected by Intracranial Tumours Showing Heterologous and Cross-Species Tropism: A Pilot Study.,"Canine and human brain tumours exhibit similar incidence rates and prognoses. Recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles derived from human patients (PDEVs) can be loaded with contrast agents and exhibit tumour tropism in murine models. We showed in a previous study that gadolinium-labelled EVs derived from canine gliomas (cPDEVs) can selectively targets murine glioblastoma cells in animal models. As a further step, we investigated the potential heterologous and cross-species tumour tropism of cPDEVs with brain tumours. With the perspective of imminent clinical application as both markers and drug delivery tools, we have successfully established the isolation protocol for cPDEVs and confirmed the aseptic conditions of the procedure and therefore the sterility of the isolated EVs. To assess the functionality of cPDEVs as drug delivery tool, they were loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) and injected into murine models of cancer for in vivo fluorescence biodistribution studies. Biodistribution analysis in mice revealed that ICG-loaded cPDEVs injected into murine models of subcutaneous tumours accumulated exclusively in the neoplastic tissue, even when evaluated 24 h post-injection, thus showing the cross-species and heterologous selective tumour tropism of the nanoparticles. With these tests, we have established a safe protocol for isolating and loading autologous cPDEVs with various markers, thereby paving the way for the clinical testing phase. These significant findings suggest the potential use of cPDEVs as a theranostic tool in the management of canine brain tumours, with promising implications for translational medicine applications in the future."
1912,brain tumour,39313445,Integrated assessment of malignancy in IDH-mutant astrocytoma with p16 and methylthioadenosine phosphorylase immunohistochemistry.,"In the fifth edition of the World Health Organization's (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), molecular analysis is required for not only determining each tumor type but assessing its prognosis based on malignancy (CNS WHO grade). A notable example is the loss of tumor suppressor gene cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), and CDKN2A homozygous deletion (HD) is a novel CNS WHO grade 4 marker in isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (IDH)-mutant astrocytoma. However, incorporating molecular workup into the ""routine diagnostics"" of each brain tumor type remains a major challenge, especially in resource-limited settings, including low- and middle-income countries. We herein validated the usefulness of p16 and methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) immunohistochemistry (IHC) as potential surrogates for the assessment of CDKN2A status in 20 IDH-mutant astrocytoma cases. Of note, loss or retention of p16 and MTAP could accurately predict CDKN2A HD (p16: 87.5%, MTAP: 88.9%) or non-HD (p16: 100%, MTAP: 100%) with a single marker alone. Importantly, we revealed contributing factors to gray-zone IHC results (p16: 5-20%, MTAP: mosaic), including (1) hemizygous deletion of CDKN2A, (2) degenerative findings, and (3) intratumoral CDKN2A HD heterogeneity, the detailed histologic and molecular assessment of which would be a key to achieving integrated assessment of malignancy in IDH-mutant astrocytoma. We characterized the pitfalls of each method and provided for the first time a practical flowchart of astrocytoma grading, contributing to a normalization of WHO2021-based molecular diagnostics in resource-limited settings."
1913,brain tumour,39313081,GPR40 agonist ameliorates neurodegeneration and motor impairment by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome in Parkinson's disease animal models.,"Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and accumulation of intracellular α-synuclein (ɑ-syn) aggregates known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. Levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have previously been shown to be reduced in the SN of PD patients. G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) serves as a receptor for PUFAs, playing a role in neurodevelopment and neurogenesis. Additionally, GPR40 has been implicated in several neuropathological conditions, such as apoptosis and inflammation, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target in PD. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of the GPR40 agonist, TUG469 in PD models. Our results demonstrated that TUG469 reduces the neurotoxicity induced by 6-OHDA in SH-SY5Y cells. In 6-OHDA-induced PD model mice, TUG469 treatment improved motor impairment, preserved dopaminergic fibers and cell bodies in the striatum (ST) or SN, and attenuated 6-OHDA-induced microgliosis and astrogliosis in the brain. Furthermore, in a PD model involving the injection of mouse ɑ-syn fibrils into the brain (mPFFs-PD model), TUG469 treatment reduced the levels of pSer129 ɑ-syn, and decreased microgliosis and astrogliosis. Our investigation also revealed that TUG469 modulates inflammasome activation, apoptosis, and autophagy in the 6-OHDA-PD model, as evidenced by the results of RNA-seq and western blotting analyses. In summary, our findings highlight the neuroprotective effects of GPR40 agonists on dopaminergic neurons and their potential as therapeutic agents for PD. These results underscore the importance of targeting GPR40 in PD treatment, particularly in mitigating neuroinflammation and preserving neuronal integrity."
1914,brain tumour,39312809,An invasive and diffuse cranial actinomycosis with a dura-based mass mimicking a brain tumor: illustrative case.,"Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative infection caused by non-spore-forming, anaerobic, and filamentous gram-positive bacteria. Primary central nervous system involvement is rare, with no specific clinical features, causing a clinical diagnostic dilemma. Imaging can help in localizing and characterizing the lesion; however, a definitive diagnosis relies on culture and/or histopathology."
1915,brain tumour,39312593,Radiomic detection of abnormal brain regions in tuberous sclerosis complex.,"Radiomics refers to the extraction of quantitative information from medical images and is most commonly utilized in oncology to provide ancillary information for solid tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response. The traditional radiomic pipeline involves segmentation of volumes of interest with comparison to normal brain. In other neurologic disorders, such as epilepsy, lesion delineation may be difficult or impossible due to poor anatomic definition, small size, and multifocal or diffuse distribution. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disease in which brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrates multifocal abnormalities with variable imaging and epileptogenic features."
1916,brain tumour,39312534,Ethosuximide-loaded bismuth ferrite nanoparticles as a potential drug delivery system for the treatment of epilepsy disease.,"Encapsulating antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), including ethosuximide (Etho), into nanoparticles shows promise in treating epilepsy. Nanomedicine may be the most significant contributor to addressing this issue. It presents several advantages compared to traditional drug delivery methods and is currently a prominent area of focus in cancer research. Incorporating Etho into bismuth ferrite (BFO) nanoparticles within diverse controlled drug delivery systems is explored to enhance drug efficacy. This approach is primarily desired to aid in targeted drug delivery to the brain's deepest regions while limiting transplacental permeability, reducing fetal exposure, and mitigating associated adverse effects. In this investigation, we explored Etho, an antiepileptic drug commonly employed for treating absence seizures, as the active ingredient in BFO nanoparticles at varying concentrations (10 and 15 mg). Characterization of the drug-containing BFO nanoparticles involved scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental analysis. The thermal properties of the drug-containing BFO nanoparticles were evaluated via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Cytotoxicity evaluations using the MTT assay were conducted on all nanoparticles, and human neuroblastoma cell line cultures (SH-SY5Y) were treated with each particle over multiple time intervals. Cell viability remained at 135% after 7 days when exposed to 15 mg of Etho in BFO nanoparticles. Additionally, in vitro drug release kinetics for Etho revealed sustained release lasting up to 5 hours with a drug concentration of 15 mg."
1917,brain tumour,39312234,Role of Hospital Connectedness in Brain Metastasis Outcomes.,"Although patients with brain metastases receive interdisciplinary and multi-institutional care, the association between neuro-oncologic care networks and patient outcomes remains unknown. As patients often interact with multiple facilities, quantifying this association across a network of hospitals is critical to capture the complexity of the health care journey for patients with brain metastases."
1918,brain tumour,39312103,"Comment on ""gemcitabine, PI3kinase-Akt pathway inhibition and radiation in human glioma cell lines"" by M.S. Elnaggar et al.","The combination of gemcitabine, PI3K-Akt pathway inhibitors, and radiation in human glioma cell lines shows potential to enhance radiation sensitivity in aggressive brain tumors. Inhibiting the overactive PI3K-Akt pathway may increase tumor vulnerability to treatment. However, variability in responses among different glioma cell lines highlights the need for personalized approaches. Future research should focus on identifying biomarkers to tailor treatment for individual patients. Additionally, addressing safety concerns and the challenges of translating preclinical findings into clinical practice is crucial. Further studies should explore the therapy's molecular mechanisms and evaluate its clinical potential."
1919,brain tumour,39312021,Targeting Toll-like Receptor 4/Nuclear Factor-κB and Nrf2/Heme Oxygenase-1 Crosstalk via Trimetazidine Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depressive-like Behaviors in Mice.,"Depression is a global psychiatric illness that imposes a substantial economic burden. Unfortunately, traditional antidepressants induce many side effects which limit patient compliance thus, exploring alternative therapies with fewer adverse effects became urgent. This study aimed to investigate the effect of trimetazidine (TMZ); a well-known anti-ischemic drug in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mouse model of depression focusing on its ability to regulate toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) as well as nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathways. Male Swiss albino mice were injected with LPS (500 µg/kg, i.p) every other day alone or parallel with oral doses of either escitalopram (Esc) (10 mg/kg/day) or TMZ (20 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. Treatment with TMZ attenuated LPS-induced animals' despair with reduced immobility time inforced swimming test. TMZ also diminished LPS- induced neuro-inflammation via inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB pathway contrary to Nrf2/HO-1 cascade activation with consequent increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) and HO-1 levels whereas the pro-inflammatory cytokines; tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β were evidently reduced. Besides, TMZ replenished brain serotonin levels via serotonin transporter (SERT) inhibition. Thus, TMZ hindered LPS-induced neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress, serotonin deficiency besides its anti-apoptotic effect which was reflected by decreased caspase-3 level. Neuroprotective effects of TMZ were confirmed by the histological photomicrographs which showed prominent neuronal survival. Here we showed that TMZ is an affluent nominee for depression management via targeting TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Future research addressing TMZ-antidepressant activity in humans is mandatory to enroll it as a novel therapeutic strategy for depression."
1920,brain tumour,39311908,Single-cell map of diverse immune phenotypes in the metastatic brain tumor microenvironment of non-small-cell lung cancer.,No abstract found
1921,brain tumour,39311782,Seminoma characterized by thickening of the pituitary stalk,"Intracranial seminoma is a rare malignant tumor originating from the germ cells, usually occurring in the pineal gland or pituitary gland. In June 2020, the Department of Endocrinology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University admitted a 20-year-old male patient with an intracranial germ cell tumor and spinal metastases. The patient presented with headache, dizziness, and visual impairment. Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head indicated thickening of the pituitary stalk. After multidisciplinary consultation, the patient underwent endonasal transsphenoidal resection of the tumor, with the pathological diagnosis confirming germ cell tumor. The patient received regular radiotherapy postoperatively. One year later, the tumor recurred and metastasized, leading to a second surgery for tumor resection in the thoracic spinal canal, followed by continued chemotherapy. The patient's clinical symptoms, such as headache and visual disturbances, improved, but he continued to experience panhypopituitarism and required long-term hormone replacement therapy. Early diagnosis of intracranial germ cell tumors is challenging, and they are prone to metastasis and highly sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment can help improve the quality of life and prognosis for patients."
1922,brain tumour,39311646,Delineation Errors Caused by Replication and Expansion Operations in Monaco.,"This study aims to investigate the errors in structure volume and shape caused by the replication, expansion, and merging operations of the Monaco system and analyze their influence on dosimetry evaluation."
1923,brain tumour,39311492,Nanoradiosensitizers in glioblastoma treatment: recent advances and future perspectives.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly invasive type of brain tumor located within the central nervous system, manifests a median survival time of merely 14.6 months. Radiotherapy kills tumor cells through focused high-energy radiation and has become a crucial treatment strategy for GBM, especially in cases where surgical resection is not viable. However, the presence of radioresistant tumor cells limits its clinical effectiveness. Radioresistance is a key factor of treatment failure, prompting the development of various therapeutic strategies to overcome this challenge. With the rapid development of nanomedicine, nanoradiosensitizers provide a novel approach to enhancing the effectiveness of radiotherapy. In this review, we discuss the reasons behind GBM radio-resistance and the mechanisms of radiotherapy sensitization. Then we summarize the primary types of nanoradiosensitizers and recent progress in their application for the radiosensitization of GBM. Finally, we elucidate the factors influencing their practical implementation, along with the challenges and promising prospects associated with multifunctional nanoradiosensitizers."
1924,brain tumour,39311479,[18F]DOPA PET for lesion definition and contouring using different thresholds in patients with gliomas.,"Amino-acid (AA) PET has recently been endorsed by the ESTRO-EANO guidelines for RT-planning in glioblastomas, with recommended lesion-to-brain-ratio thresholds (1.6-1.8) derived from a biopsy-controlled FET-PET study. We aimed to compare target definition at ["
1925,brain tumour,39311160,"Survival Analysis, Clinical Characteristics, and Predictors of Cerebral Metastases in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.","Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. While liver metastasis is common, brain metastasis (BM) is rare, occurring in 0.1% to 14% of cases. Risk factors for BM include lung metastasis at diagnosis, rectal cancer, and mutations in RAS and KRAS genes. Due to its rarity, guidelines for BM screening and treatment are limited. The aim of this study is to identify the clinical characteristics and predictors of BM at the time of the initial diagnosis of CRC."
1926,brain tumour,39310684,CLINICAL AND SURGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POSTERIOR FOSSA TUMORS IN ADULTS - SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE OF SURGICAL MANAGEMENT.,"In contrast to tumors in children, between 6% and 20% of all brain tumors in adults arise solitary in the posterior cranial fossa. Given their rarity in adults, as well as the importance and complexity of their treatment, this paper reviews and discusses the clinical and surgical characteristics of such tumors. In a retrospective single-institution observational study, adult patients with posterior fossa tumors treated surgically over a ten-year period were analyzed. The characteristics observed were age and gender distribution, clinical symptoms, histopathologic tumor type, tumor size, location and extent of surgical resection, tumor recurrence and postoperative complications, as well as surgical outcome. Sixty-six patients who underwent surgical treatment were diagnosed with a tumor in the posterior fossa. The mean age was 63 years, and patients were evenly distributed by gender. The most common histopathologic type was metastatic tumor (59.1%), whereas meningioma was the most common primary brain tumor (16.6%) recorded. Most patients presented with vegetative and cerebellar symptoms in general and cranial nerve palsy, especially in the occurrence of vestibular schwannoma. In conclusion, posterior fossa tumors grow in a confined space and therefore may directly threaten vital centers in their immediate vicinity. Thus, it is crucial to schedule an appropriate surgical intervention as soon as possible, as it can significantly improve treatment outcome and prognosis of the disease. If possible, meticulous total tumor resection should be the treatment of choice. In the case of hydrocephalus, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt should be considered as an alternative surgical option after tumor resection."
1927,brain tumour,39310617,A Comprehensive Review on the Role of MRI in the Assessment of Supratentorial Neoplasms: Comparative Insights Into Adult and Pediatric Cases.,"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a critical diagnostic tool in assessing supratentorial neoplasms, offering unparalleled detail and specificity in brain imaging. Supratentorial neoplasms in the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, thalamus, and other structures above the tentorium cerebelli present significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. These challenges vary notably between adult and pediatric populations due to differences in tumor types, biological behavior, and patient management strategies. This comprehensive review explores the role of MRI in diagnosing, planning treatment, monitoring response, and detecting recurrence in supratentorial neoplasms, providing comparative insights into adult and pediatric cases. The review begins with an overview of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of these tumors in different age groups, followed by a detailed examination of standard and advanced MRI techniques, including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). We discuss the specific imaging characteristics of various neoplasms and the importance of tailored approaches to optimize diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy. The review also addresses the technical and interpretative challenges unique to pediatric imaging and the implications for long-term patient outcomes. By highlighting the comparative utility of MRI in adult and pediatric cases, this review aims to enhance the understanding of its pivotal role in managing supratentorial neoplasms. It underscores the necessity of age-specific diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Emerging MRI technologies and future research directions are also discussed, emphasizing the potential for advancements in personalized imaging approaches and improved patient care across all age groups."
1928,brain tumour,39310490,Pan-Cancer Analysis Reveals Long Non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Embryonic Stem Cell-Related Gene (ESRG) as a Promising Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker.,"Embryonic stem cell-related gene (ESRG; also known as HESRG) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). It is involved in the regulation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) self-renewal. ESRG gene has the ability to interact with chromatins, different RNA types, and RNA binding proteins (RBP); thus making ESRG be considered an oncogenic lncRNA, where its expression is detected in various tumor tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the prospective diagnostic and prognostic values of ESRG in various human cancers."
1929,brain tumour,39310434,Clinical Benefits of Arterial Spin-Labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Primary Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System Presenting With Lymphomatosis Cerebri: A Case Report.,"Of the primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the CNS (CNS-DLBCL) is an aggressive extranodal lymphoma that originates in the CNS. Lymphomatosis cerebri (LC) is an exceptionally rare subtype, posing diagnostic challenges due to the absence of abnormal enhancement and making the identification of suitable biopsy sites difficult. Arterial spin-labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) is a non-invasive MRI technique that quantifies tumor blood flow. This report presents a case of CNS-DLBCL with LC, which was evaluated and biopsied using ASL-MRI of the brain. Herein, we present a case of a 32-year-old female who presented with abnormal involuntary movements and cognitive impairments. She underwent an MRI which showed a diffuse and infiltrative lesion in the bilateral basal ganglia, showing a high signal intensity area on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images with no contrast enhancement. Computed Tomography scans and Gallium-67 scintigraphy showed no abnormal uptake throughout the whole body. Although she received corticosteroid treatments, subsequent MRI showed an enlarged lesion, and she underwent a brain biopsy. The biopsy site was determined based on high perfusion demonstrated by ASL-MRI and the histological findings positive for B-cell markers led to diagnoses of CNS-DLBCL, specifically LC. Her symptoms improved following high-dose methotrexate and whole-brain irradiation. Subsequent MRI scans showed a dramatic improvement, and the high perfusion observed in the ASL-MRI disappeared. This report has emphasized the critical role of histopathology in diagnosing CNS-DLBCL presenting with LC, a highly aggressive lymphoma requiring prompt treatment. In this case, high ASL-MRI signal intensity indicated an increased area of tumor cell density suitable for biopsy. This is the first report to establish a relationship between cell density and ASL-MRI signal intensity in LC. The challenge in locating the optimal biopsy site due to the lack of contrast enhancement and the difference in tumor cell densities within high signal intensity areas on FLAIR imaging is presented. ASL-MRI provides information on tumor blood flow (TBF), which may be associated with higher tumor cell density, making it a valuable tool for identifying suitable biopsy sites. Thus, ASL-MRI is clinically beneficial for the biopsy of LC cases that show high signal intensity on FLAIR images without contrast enhancement."
1930,brain tumour,39310207,Enhancement of Temozolomide Stability and Anticancer Efficacy by Loading in Monopalmitolein-Based Cubic Phase Nanoparticles.,"Temozolomide (TMZ) is a prodrug possessing a wide spectrum of anticancer activities. TMZ is pharmacologically inactive, but at a physiological pH, it is quickly converted to an active metabolite, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide, and a methyldiazonium cation. Due to its chemical nature, TMZ presents some capability of crossing the blood-brain barrier and therefore is used as a first-line agent in the treatment of gliomas. Here, we aimed to improve the anticancer effectiveness of TMZ by loading it into cubosomes, which are lipid nanoparticles recognized as efficient nano-based drug delivery systems. TMZ was incorporated into the monoolein (MO)- and monopalmitolein (MP)-derived cubic phases to improve its stability and half-life. It was considered that the drug release rate may vary between the MO and MP cubosomes, as the water channels of MP phases are larger than those of MO cubosomes. Therefore, we expected that due to the MPs' ability to entrap more drug molecules inside the mesophase, the concentration of TMZ available to cancer cells would be enhanced. This assumption was supported by biological analyses using the A-172 and drug-resistant T98G glioma-derived cell lines. The strongest reduction in viability was observed for A-172 cells treated with TMZ-loaded MP nanoparticles. Importantly, the TMZ-loaded MPs also caused a significant anticancer effect in the drug-resistant T98G glioma-derived cells. Both MO and MP empty cubic phases did not affect the survival of the tested cells. Concluding, TMZ-loaded cubosomes present strong anticancer properties. Encapsulating the drug within the lipid nanostructure helps to protect the drug from degradation and allows for greater accumulation of TMZ at the tumor site. Together with chemical-based features of mesophases related to increased cargo size and kinetic properties, we imply that MPs may be considered as a highly efficient nano-based drug delivery system to treat poorly curable tumors including gliomas."
1931,brain tumour,39310105,Dual role of exosomal circCMTM3 derived from GSCs in impeding degradation and promoting phosphorylation of STAT5A to facilitate vasculogenic mimicry formation in glioblastoma.,
1932,brain tumour,39310093,Empowering brain tumor management: chimeric antigen receptor macrophage therapy.,"Brain tumors pose formidable challenges in oncology due to the intricate biology and the scarcity of effective treatment modalities. The emergence of immunotherapy has opened new avenues for innovative therapeutic strategies. Chimeric antigen receptor, originally investigated in T cell-based therapy, has now expanded to encompass macrophages, presenting a compelling avenue for augmenting anti-tumor immune surveillance. This emerging frontier holds promise for advancing the repertoire of therapeutic options against brain tumors, offering potential breakthroughs in combating the formidable malignancies of the central nervous system. Tumor-associated macrophages constitute a substantial portion, ranging from 30% to 50%, of the tumor tissue and exhibit tumor-promoting phenotypes within the immune-compromised microenvironment. Constructing CAR-macrophages can effectively repolarize M2-type macrophages towards an M1-type phenotype, thereby eliciting potent anti-tumor effects. CAR-macrophages can recruit T cells to the brain tumor site, thereby orchestrating a remodeling of the immune niche to effectively inhibit tumor growth. In this review, we explore the potential limitations as well as strategies for optimizing CAR-M therapy, offering insights into the future direction of this innovative therapeutic approach."
1933,brain tumour,39309741,[,To investigate the feasibility of [
1934,brain tumour,39309502,Enhancing cancer immunotherapy: Nanotechnology-mediated immunotherapy overcoming immunosuppression.,"Immunotherapy is an important cancer treatment method that offers hope for curing cancer patients. While immunotherapy has achieved initial success, a major obstacle to its widespread adoption is the inability to benefit the majority of patients. The success or failure of immunotherapy is closely linked to the tumor's immune microenvironment. Recently, there has been significant attention on strategies to regulate the tumor immune microenvironment in order to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses in cancer immunotherapy. The distinctive physical properties and design flexibility of nanomedicines have been extensively utilized to target immune cells (including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs)), offering promising advancements in cancer immunotherapy. In this article, we have reviewed treatment strategies aimed at targeting various immune cells to regulate the tumor immune microenvironment. The focus is on cancer immunotherapy models that are based on nanomedicines, with the goal of inducing or enhancing anti-tumor immune responses to improve immunotherapy. It is worth noting that combining cancer immunotherapy with other treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy, can maximize the therapeutic effects. Finally, we have identified the challenges that nanotechnology-mediated immunotherapy needs to overcome in order to design more effective nanosystems."
1935,brain tumour,39309474,TPH1 inhibits bladder tumorigenesis by targeting HIF-1α pathway in bladder cancer.,"BCa is the most common cancer of the urinary system. TPH1 has been reported to be associated with distinct tumorigenesis. However, the role of TPH1 in BCa remains to be clarified."
1936,brain tumour,39309434,Targeting ferroptosis opens new avenues in gliomas.,"Gliomas are one of the most challenging tumors to treat due to their malignant phenotype, brain parenchymal infiltration, intratumoral heterogeneity, and immunosuppressive microenvironment, resulting in a high recurrence rate and dismal five-year survival rate. The current standard therapies, including maximum tumor resection, chemotherapy with temozolomide, and radiotherapy, have exhibited limited efficacy, which is caused partially by the resistance of tumor cell death. Recent studies have revealed that ferroptosis, a newly defined programmed cell death (PCD), plays a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of gliomas and significantly affects the efficacy of various treatments, representing a promising therapeutic strategy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest progress in ferroptosis, its involvement and regulation in the pathophysiological process of gliomas, various treatment hotspots, the existing obstacles, and future directions worth investigating. Our review sheds light on providing novel insights into manipulating ferroptosis to provide potential targets and strategies of glioma treatment."
1937,brain tumour,39309416,Accurate brain pharmacokinetic parametric imaging using the blood input function extracted from the cavernous sinus.,"Brain pharmacokinetic parametric imaging based on dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) scan is valuable in the diagnosis of brain tumor and neurodegenerative diseases. For short-axis PET system, standard blood input function (BIF) of the descending aorta is not acquirable during the dynamic brain scan. BIF extracted from the intracerebral vascular is inaccurate, making the brain parametric imaging task challenging. This study introduces a novel technique tailored for brain pharmacokinetic parameter imaging in short-axis PET in which the head BIF (hBIF) is acquired from the cavernous sinus. The proposed method optimizes the hBIF within the Patlak model via data fitting, curve correction and Patlak graphical model rewriting. The proposed method was built and evaluated using dynamic PET datasets of 67 patients acquired by uEXPLORER PET/CT, among which 64 datasets were used for data fitting and model construction, and 3 were used for method testing; using cross-validation, a total of 15 patient datasets were finally used to test the model. The performance of the new method was evaluated via visual inspection, root-mean-square error (RMSE) measurements and VOI-based accuracy analysis using linear regression and Person's correlation coefficients (PCC). Compared to directly using the cavernous sinus BIF directly for parameter imaging, the new method achieves higher accuracy in parametric analysis, including the generation of Patlak plots closer to the standard plots, better visual effects and lower RMSE values in the "
1938,brain tumour,39308833,"Comparative Volumetric Analyses Following Bevacizumab Therapy for a Patient With Concomitant Glioblastoma, Meningioma, and Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: A Case Report and Review of Literature.","Given that glioblastoma (GBM), meningioma (Mg), and dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) represent angiogenic diseases mainly caused by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bevacizumab (Bev) is expected to be effective against these diseases. We report a patient with concomitant GBM, Mg, and dAVF who was treated with neoadjuvant Bev, resulting in a reduction in the volume of GBM along with an improvement of clinical symptoms. An 85-year-old male presented with aphasia, gait disturbance, and dementia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a ring-enhanced intra-axial tumor with perifocal edema in the left temporal lobe, a dura-attached extra-axial tumor at the left sphenoid ridge, and dAVF at the left transverse-sigmoid sinus. Due to the age of the patient and low Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score, pharmacotherapy with a single dose of Bev was chosen over surgical resection. Three days after the Bev administration, aphasia and gait disturbance had dramatically improved. Volume reduction rates at one and five months after three administrations of Bev were 0.34% and 95.9% for GBM and 13.7% and 6.8% for meningioma, respectively. No significant change in dAVF was seen on digital subtraction angiography (DSA) during Bev therapy. VEGF concentration in GBM is known to be the highest among all types of brain tumors, including meningioma. VEGF might not play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of dAVF. Based on this evidence from the present rare case with concomitant GBM, meningioma, and dAVF, responsiveness to Bev might depend on the level of VEGF expression."
1939,brain tumour,39308520,Research progress on the role of adipocyte exosomes in cancer progression.,"Exosomes, minute vesicles ubiquitously released by diverse cell types, serve as critical mediators in intercellular communication. Their pathophysiological relevance, especially in malignancies, has garnered significant attention. A meticulous exploration of the exosomal impact on cancer development has unveiled avenues for innovative and clinically valuable techniques. The cargo conveyed by exosomes exerts transformative effects on both local and distant microenvironments, thereby influencing a broad spectrum of biological responses in recipient cells. These membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in delivering bioactive molecules among cells and organs. Cellular and biological processes in recipient cells, ranging from stromal cell reprogramming to immunological responses, extracellular matrix formation, and modulation of cancer cell activation, expansion, and metastasis, are subject to exosome-mediated cell-to-cell communication. Moreover, exosomes have been implicated in endowing cancer cells with resistance to treatment. Extensive research has explored the potential of exosomes as therapeutic targets and diagnostic indicators. This comprehensive review seeks to provide an in-depth understanding of the pivotal components and roles of exosomes in tumorigenesis, growth, progression, and therapeutic responses. The insights into the multifaceted involvement of exosomes in malignant cancers are essential for the scientific community, fostering the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic strategies in the relentless pursuit of cancer."
1940,brain tumour,39308222,Nanosonosensitizer Optimization for Enhanced Sonodynamic Disease Treatment.,"Low-intensity ultrasound-mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT), which, by design, integrates sonosensitizers and molecular oxygen to generate therapeutic substances (e.g., toxic hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions, or singlet oxygen) at disease sites, has shown enormous potential for the effective treatment of a variety of diseases. Nanoscale sonosensitizers play a crucial role in the SDT process because their structural, compositional, physicochemical, and biological characteristics are key determinants of therapeutic efficacy. In particular, advances in materials science and nanotechnology have invigorated a series of optimization strategies for augmenting the therapeutic efficacy of nanosonosensitizers. This comprehensive review systematically summarizes, discusses, and highlights state-of-the-art studies on the current achievements of nanosonosensitizer optimization in enhanced sonodynamic disease treatment, with an emphasis on the general design principles of nanosonosensitizers and their optimization strategies, mainly including organic and inorganic nanosonosensitizers. Additionally, recent advancements in optimized nanosonosensitizers for therapeutic applications aimed at treating various diseases, such as cancer, bacterial infections, atherosclerosis, and autoimmune diseases, are clarified in detail. Furthermore, the biological effects of the improved nanosonosensitizers for versatile SDT applications are thoroughly discussed. The review concludes by highlighting the current challenges and future opportunities in this rapidly evolving research field to expedite its practical clinical translation and application."
1941,brain tumour,39308109,[Suppression effect of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside against trans fatty acids-induced oxidative damage and inflammatory in brain of offspring mice].,"To probe into the protective effect of different dose of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside(SDG) on brain of offspring of mice anainst oxidative damage and inflammatory reaction induced by maternal exposure to trans fatty acids(TFA) during gestation, and observe the the changes of regulating Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in the course."
1942,brain tumour,39307884,Inhibition of circular JUN prevents the proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma via miR-3064-IGFBP5 axis.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most aggressive and lethal brain tumours, characterized by rapid progression and limited treatment options. This study investigated the regulatory roles of circular RNA circJUN, and its functional interaction with microRNA miR-3064 in GBM pathogenesis. We employed bioinformatic analyses and clinical sample validation to identify circJUN as a potential target in GBM. Subsequently, we engineered GBM cell lines with stable circJUN knockout or overexpression, and transfected them with miR-3064 mimic/inhibitor or IGFBP5 small interfering RNA (siRNA)/expression vector to elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing GBM proliferation and invasion. To investigate the in vivo effects, xenograft tumour models were established in nude mice using engineered cells to assess the roles of circJUN in tumour growth regulation. Our analyses revealed significant overexpression of circJUN in GBM tissues compared to healthy controls, which strongly correlated with poor patient prognosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that circJUN overexpression could enhance GBM cell proliferation and invasion. Mechanistic investigations uncovered EIF4A3 as an interacting factor of circJUN which promotes circJUN expression, and circJUN modulates miR-3064 activity to regulate the malignancy of GBM cells. Furthermore, we identified IGFBP5, a crucial regulator of cell growth, as a direct target of miR-3064, thereby establishing an additional layer of control over GBM proliferation and invasion. Our study unveils a complex regulatory network involving circJUN, miR-3064 and IGFBP5 in GBM pathogenesis, underscoring their potential as novel therapeutic targets for improving patient outcomes. Our findings not only contribute to the understanding of GBM biology but also pave the way for innovative therapeutic approaches in the management of this malignancy."
1943,brain tumour,39307878,"Letter to editor: comment on, ""Imaging manifestations of papillary glioneuronal tumors"".",No abstract found
1944,brain tumour,39307819,[Mechanism of Kaixin Powder in alleviating breast cancer chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment by transcriptome association analysis].,"The study aims to evaluate the effect of Kaixin Powder(KXP) on the behavior and brain tissue of chemotherapy-treated mice to explore its mechanism in alleviating chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment in tumor-bearing mice. Thirty female BALB/c mice were inoculated with 4T1 breast cancer cells to establish a tumor-bearing mouse model and randomly divided into the tumor group, a doxorubicin group, and a KXP group. Behavioral tests, including open field test, elevated plus maze test, forced swimming test, tail suspension test, Morris water maze test, and novel object recognition test, were conducted. Pathological examinations, including hematoxylin-eosin staining, Nissl staining, toluidine blue staining, Fluoro-Jade B staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL) assay, immunofluorescence staining, and transmission electron microscopy, were performed. Network pharmacology and whole transcriptome sequencing methods were used to analyze the mechanism of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment and the targets of KXP. The results showed that KXP prevented chemotherapy-induced behavioral changes(P&lt;0.001), increased the total movement distance and central zone residence time in the open field test, increased exploration time in the open arm area in the elevated plus maze test, reduced immobility time in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test, reduced escape latency in the Morris water maze test and increased platform crossings, and improved cognitive index in the novel object recognition test. KXP also inhibited chemotherapy-induced neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy in the prefrontal cortex, and reshaped the RNA expression profile of the prefrontal cortex tissue during chemotherapy(P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, KXP may alleviate chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment in tumor-bearing mice by reshaping the RNA expression profile of prefrontal cortex tissue, thereby reducing neuronal tissue damage."
1945,brain tumour,39307604,Differential plasma cytokine variation following X-ray or proton brain irradiation using machine-learning approaches.,"X-ray and proton irradiation have been reported to induce distinct modifications in cytokine expression in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a dissimilar inflammatory response between X-rays and protons. We aimed to investigate the differences in cytokine profiles early following fractionated brain irradiation with X-rays or protons and their relationship with leukocyte subpopulations in rodents."
1946,brain tumour,39307527,56Fe-ion Exposure Increases the Incidence of Lung and Brain Tumors at a Similar Rate in Male and Female Mice.,"The main deterrent to long-term space travel is the risk of Radiation Exposure Induced Death (REID). The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has adopted Permissible Exposure Levels (PELs) to limit the probability of REID to 3% for the risk of death due to radiation-induced carcinogenesis. The most significant contributor to current REID estimates for astronauts is the risk of lung cancer. Recently updated lung cancer estimates from Japan's atomic bomb survivors showed that the excess relative risk of lung cancer by age 70 is roughly fourfold higher in females compared to males. However, whether sex differences may impact the risk of lung cancer due to exposure to high charge and energy (HZE) radiation is not well studied. Thus, to evaluate the impact of sex differences on the risk of solid cancer development after HZE radiation exposure, we irradiated Rbfl/fl, Trp53fl/+ male and female mice infected with Adeno-Cre with various doses of 320 kVp X rays or 600 MeV/n 56Fe ions and monitored them for any radiation-induced malignancies. We conducted complete necropsy and histopathology of major organs on 183 male and 157 female mice after following them for 350 days postirradiation. We observed that lung adenomas/carcinomas and esthesioneuroblastomas (ENBs) were the most common primary malignancies in mice exposed to X rays and 56Fe ions, respectively. In addition, 1 Gy 56Fe-ion exposure compared to X-ray exposure led to a significantly increased incidence of lung adenomas/carcinomas (P = 0.02) and ENBs (P < 0.0001) in mice. However, we did not find a significantly higher incidence of any solid malignancies in female mice as compared to male mice, regardless of radiation quality. Furthermore, gene expression analysis of ENBs suggested a distinct gene expression pattern with similar hallmark pathways altered, such as MYC targets and MTORC1 signaling, in ENBs induced by X rays and 56Fe ions. Thus, our data revealed that 56Fe-ion exposure significantly accelerated the development of lung adenomas/carcinomas and ENBs compared to X rays, but the rate of solid malignancies was similar between male and female mice, regardless of radiation quality."
1947,brain tumour,39307417,Optimal control of combination immunotherapy for a virtual murine cohort in a glioblastoma-immune dynamics model.,"The immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-1, commonly used in cancer immunotherapy, has not been successful as a monotherapy for the highly aggressive brain cancer glioblastoma. However, when used in conjunction with a CC-chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2) antagonist, anti-PD-1 has shown efficacy in preclinical studies. In this paper, we aim to optimize treatment regimens for this combination immunotherapy using optimal control theory. We extend a treatment-free glioblastoma-immune dynamics ODE model to include interventions with anti-PD-1 and the CCR2 antagonist. An optimized regimen increases the survival of an average mouse from 32 days post-tumor implantation without treatment to 111 days with treatment. We scale this approach to a virtual murine cohort to evaluate mortality and quality of life concerns during treatment, and predict survival, tumor recurrence, or death after treatment. A parameter identifiability analysis identifies five parameters suitable for personalizing treatment within the virtual cohort. Sampling from these five practically identifiable parameters for the virtual murine cohort reveals that personalized, optimized regimens enhance survival: 84% of the virtual mice survive to day 100, compared to 60% survival in a previously studied experimental regimen. Subjects with high tumor growth rates and low T cell kill rates are identified as more likely to die during and after treatment due to their compromised immune systems and more aggressive tumors. Notably, the MDSC death rate emerges as a long-term predictor of either disease-free survival or death."
1948,brain tumour,39307321,Evaluating Scholastic Achievement in Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors Compared With Healthy Controls.,"Radiation therapy (RT) causes cognitive deficits in pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS). Traditionally, this is measured using neuropsychological testing, which lack prediagnosis baseline and do not necessarily trigger action. This pilot project investigated a novel patient-centered outcome of scholastic performance using state-collected educational data."
1949,brain tumour,39307302,Aberrant overexpression of myosin 1b in glioblastoma promotes angiogenesis via VEGF-myc-myosin 1b-Piezo1 axis.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive intracranial malignancy with poor prognosis. Enhanced angiogenesis is an essential hallmark of GBM, which demonstrates extensive microvascular proliferation and abnormal vasculature. Here, we uncovered the key role of myosin 1b in angiogenesis and vascular abnormality in GBM. Myosin 1b is upregulated in GBM endothelial cells (ECs) compared to the paired nonmalignant brain tissue. In our study, we found that myosin 1b promotes migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis of human/mouse brain ECs. We also found that myosin 1b expression in ECs can be regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling through myc. Moreover, myosin 1b promotes angiogenesis via Piezo1 by enhancing Ca"
1950,brain tumour,39307298,From promise to progress: the dynamic landscape of glioblastoma immunotherapy.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common CNS cancer, it has dismal survival rates despite several effective mediators: intensified cytotoxic therapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, viral therapy, adoptive cell therapy, immune checkpoint blockade therapy, radiation therapy and vaccine therapy. This review examines the basic concepts underlying immune targeting and examines products such as checkpoint blockade drugs, CAR-T cells, oncolytic viruses, combinatory multimodal immunotherapy and cancer vaccines. New approaches to overcoming current constraints and challenges in GBM therapy are discussed, based on recent studies into these tactics, findings from ongoing clinical trials, as well as previous trial results."
1951,brain tumour,39307271,Preoperative Radiographic Features Independently Predict High Blood Loss During Intracranial Meningioma Resection: A Case-Control Study.,"Surgical resection of intracranial meningioma carries the risk of several complications, including intraoperative blood loss. The objective of this study was to investigate preoperative clinical and radiographic factors predictive of intraoperative estimated blood loss (EBL)."
1952,brain tumour,39307260,Titanium boride nanosheets with photo-enhanced sonodynamic efficiency for glioblastoma treatment.,"Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has garnered significant attention in cancer treatment, however, the low-yield reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation from sonosensitizers remains a major challenge. In this study, titanium boride nanosheets (TiB"
1953,brain tumour,39307132,Receiving a Pathogenic Variant in a Population Breast Cancer Screening Trial: A Mixed Method Study.,Risk-based breast cancer screening aims to address persistent high morbidity and mortality. This study examined the experience of participants in the Women Informed to Screen Depending on Measures of Risk (WISDOM) trial who received a pathogenic variant in one of nine high or moderate penetrance breast cancer genes.
1954,brain tumour,39307025,Extra-dural epidermoid cyst of the parasellar region: A rare case report.,Intracranial epidermoid cysts (IECs) comprise less than 1 % of intracranial tumors. IECs begin forming at birth and slowly grows in size. Cerebellopontine angle is the most common location reported. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays crucial role in diagnosis. Gross total resection is the ideal management but adhesion to adjacent structures is often challenging.
1955,brain tumour,39306823,"Triethylammonium Salts of Dicoumarol: Synthesis, Characterization, Human Antiglioblastoma, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Studies.","The most typical primary brain tumor, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), has a dismal prognosis. They are removed through arduous, potentially fatal operations. The primary cause of tumor recurrence following surgery is glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). In order to combat the recurrent glioblastoma malignant cells, medications have been developed. Chemotherapies now in use are expensive and encounter resistance. To combat inherent and developed resistance, new and powerful chemotherapeutics are being synthesized. In this regard, dicoumarols were deprotonated by triethylamine to produce corresponding salts which are reported and used for the first time for human antiglioblastoma activity. Spectroscopic characterizations like "
1956,brain tumour,39306596,"Reliable intraoperative diagnostic methods for PCNSL: utility of combining intraoperative immunohistochemistry, cytology, and flow cytometry in achieving optimal treatment.","Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rapidly growing malignant tumor that typically shows sensitivity to high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy. Rapid diagnosis and early chemotherapy are thus essential to obtain the best outcome. To accomplish this, we have performed intraoperative rapid immunohistochemistry (IHC) as an examination method for obtaining accurate diagnosis during surgery. Here, to markedly enhance the accuracy of intraoperative rapid IHC, the utility of adding intraoperative rapid examinations of cytology and flow cytometry (FCM) in addition to rapid IHC was investigated."
1957,brain tumour,39305996,Proteomic Heterogeneity of the Extracellular Matrix Identifies Histologic Subtype-Specific Fibroblast in Gastric Cancer.,"Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly heterogeneous disease regarding histologic features, genotypes, and molecular phenotypes. Here, we investigate extracellular matrix (ECM)-centric analysis, examining its association with histologic subtypes and patient prognosis in human GC. We performed quantitative proteomic analysis of decellularized GC tissues that characterizes tumorous ECM, highlighting proteomic heterogeneity in ECM components. We identified 20 tumor-enriched proteins including four glycoproteins, serpin family H member 1 (SERPINH1), annexin family (ANXA3/4/5/13), S100A family (S100A6/8/9), MMP14, and other matrisome-associated proteins. In addition, histopathological characteristics of GC reveals differential expression in ECM composition, with the poorly cohesive carcinoma-not otherwise specified (PCC-NOS) subtype being distinctly demarcated from other histologic subtypes. Integrating ECM proteomics with single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified crucial molecular markers in the PCC-NOS-specific stroma. PCC-NOS-enriched matrisome proteins and gene expression signatures of adipogenic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF"
1958,brain tumour,39305787,Preoperative assessment of hyperactive delirium risk after head and neck surgery with free tissue transfer reconstruction.,"Hyperactive delirium with agitation following head and neck surgeries with free tissue transfer reconstruction (HNS-FTTR) represents a critical and potentially life-threatening postoperative complication. Although preoperative risk assessment is important, no established risk screening tool has been developed to accurately predict its occurrence."
1959,brain tumour,39305741,Improving completion rates of patient-reported outcome measures in cancer clinical trials: Scoping review investigating the implications for trial designs.,"Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) play a crucial role in cancer clinical trials. Despite the availability of validated PRO measures (PROMs), challenges related to low completion rates and missing data remain, potentially affecting the trial results' validity. This review explored strategies to improve and maintain high PROM completion rates in cancer clinical trials."
1960,brain tumour,39305740,"Onco-functional outcome after resection for eloquent glioblastoma (OFO): A propensity-score matched analysis of an international, multicentre, cohort study.","The combined impact of complete resection (oncological goal) and no functional loss (functional goal) in glioblastoma subgroups is currently unknown. This study aimed to develop a novel onco-functional outcome (OFO) to merge these two goals into one outcome, resulting in four classes: complete without deficits (OFO1), incomplete without deficits (OFO2), complete with deficits (OFO3), or incomplete with deficits (OFO4)."
1961,brain tumour,39305574,A Case Series of Children With Medulloblastoma Depicting the Disparities in Care and the Challenges in the Detection and Treatment of Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumors in Low-Resource Settings: A Case Study of Uganda.,"Primary central nervous system tumors are the second most common cancer among children in high-income countries (HICs). These tumors are also the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children in this setting. Studies from HICs report gliomas as the most common pediatric cancer. However, there is paucity of data from low- and middle-income countries as not many publications have been made in this field."
1962,brain tumour,39298038,Simulating the impact of tumor mechanical forces on glymphatic networks in the brain parenchyma.,"The brain glymphatic system is currently being explored in the context of many neurological disorders and diseases, including traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and ischemic stroke. However, little is known about the impact of brain tumors on glymphatic function. Mechanical forces generated during tumor development and growth may be responsible for compromised glymphatic transport pathways, reducing waste clearance and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport in the brain parenchyma. One such force is solid stress, i.e., growth-induced forces from cell hyperproliferation and excess matrix deposition. Because there are no prior studies assessing the impact of tumor-derived solid stress on glymphatic system structure and performance in the brain parenchyma, this study serves to fill an important gap in the field. We adapted a previously developed Electrical Analog Model using MATLAB Simulink for glymphatic transport coupled with Finite Element Analysis for tumor mechanical stresses and strains in COMSOL. This allowed simulation of the impact of tumor mechanical force generation on fluid transport within brain parenchymal glymphatic units-which include perivascular spaces, astrocytic networks, interstitial spaces, and capillary basement membranes. We conducted a parametric analysis to compare the contributions of tumor size, tumor proximity, and ratio of glymphatic subunits to the stress and strain experienced by the glymphatic unit and corresponding reduction in flow rate of CSF. Mechanical stresses intensify with proximity to the tumor and increasing tumor size, highlighting the vulnerability of nearby glymphatic units to tumor-derived forces. Our stress and strain profiles reveal compressive deformation of these surrounding glymphatics and demonstrate that varying the relative contributions of astrocytes vs. interstitial spaces impact the resulting glymphatic structure significantly under tumor mechanical forces. Increased tumor size and proximity caused increased stress and strain across all glymphatic subunits, as does decreased astrocyte composition. Indeed, our model reveals an inverse correlation between extent of astrocyte contribution to the composition of the glymphatic unit and the resulting mechanical stress. This increased mechanical strain across the glymphatic unit decreases the venous efflux rate of CSF, dependent on the degree of strain and the specific glymphatic subunit of interest. For example, a 20% mechanical strain on capillary basement membranes does not significantly decrease venous efflux (2% decrease in flow rates), while the same magnitude of strain on astrocyte networks and interstitial spaces decreases efflux flow rates by 7% and 22%, respectively. Our simulations reveal that solid stress from growing brain tumors directly reduces glymphatic fluid transport, independently from biochemical effects from cancer cells. Understanding these pathophysiological implications is crucial for developing targeted interventions aimed at restoring effective waste clearance mechanisms in the brain. This study opens potential avenues for future experimental research in brain tumor-related glymphatic dysfunction."
1963,brain tumour,39297608,Trousseau syndrome preceding the diagnosis of colon cancer.,"Trousseau Syndrome (TS) is defined as the occurrence of thromboembolic events prior to or simultaneously with the diagnosis of visceral neoplasia. In cases of multiple thromboembolisms, considering the possibility of TS, a screening for neoplasms may be warranted. We present a case study of a 61-year-old female who presented a neurological deficit. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple hyperintense bihemispheric foci in subcortical and cortical regions involving three different vascular territories in the FLAIR sequence, associated with restricted diffusion inferring cytotoxic edema and indicating that they were all recent ischemic lesions, raising the hypothesis of TS. The patient underwent neoplastic screening with a subsequent diagnosis of colon cancer. TS should be considered when the patient presents thromboembolic events without an established cause. The three-territories-sign (TTS) is an essential radiographic biomarker related to cancer-associated ischemic stroke (CAIS). We propose that our findings be considered for the inclusion of guidelines that determine the investigation of an occult tumor (particularly gastric, pancreatic, lung, and colorectal) in patients who present thrombotic events, especially TTS."
1964,brain tumour,39297463,Segmentation Synergy with a Dual U-Net and Federated Learning with CNNRF Models for Enhanced Brain Tumor Analysis.,"Brain tumours represent a diagnostic challenge, especially in the imaging area, where the differentiation of normal and pathologic tissues should be precise. The use of up-to-date machine learning techniques would be of great help in terms of brain tumor identification accuracy from MRI data. Objective This research paper aims to check the efficiency of a federated learning method that joins two classifiers, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and random forests (R.F.F.), with dual U-Net segmentation for federated learning. This procedure benefits the image identification task on preprocessed MRI scan pictures that have already been categorized."
1965,brain tumour,39305488,Distinct discrepancy in breast cancer organoids recapitulation among molecular subtypes revealed by single-cell transcriptomes analysis.,No abstract found
1966,brain tumour,39305183,Association of multiple trace metals in scalp hair with glioma risk: the mediating role of inflammation.,To explore the relationship between 35 trace metals in scalp hair and the glioma risk as well as the potential mediating roles of 27 plasma inflammatory cytokines.
1967,brain tumour,39305006,The global immune-nutrition-inflammation index (GINI) as a robust prognostic factor in glioblastoma patients treated with the standard stupp protocol.,"Systemic inflammation can significantly impact gliomas' onset, progression, and prognosis. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the glioma subtype characterized by the most profound inflammatory and immunosuppressive states. Consequently, various blood-borne biomarkers have been scrutinized concerning their prognostic value in GBM patients."
1968,brain tumour,39304923,Role of Neurotropic Viruses in Brain Metastasis of Breast Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.,"Neurotropic viruses have been implicated in altering the central nervous system microenvironment and promoting brain metastasis of breast cancer through complex interactions involving viral entry mechanisms, modulation of the blood-brain barrier, immune evasion, and alteration of the tumour microenvironment. This narrative review explores the molecular mechanisms by which neurotropic viruses such as Herpes Simplex Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Japanese Encephalitis Virus, and Rabies Virus facilitate brain metastasis, focusing on their ability to disrupt blood-brain barrier integrity, modulate immune responses, and create a permissive environment for metastatic cell survival and growth within the central nervous system. Current therapeutic implications and challenges in targeting neurotropic viruses to prevent or treat brain metastasis are discussed, highlighting the need for innovative strategies and multidisciplinary approaches in virology, oncology, and immunology."
1969,brain tumour,39304899,FTO-mediated DSP m,"Growth hormone-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumors can be pathologically classified into densely granulated (DGGH) and sparsely granulated types (SGGH). SGGH is more aggressive and associated with a poorer prognosis. While epigenetic regulation is vital in tumorigenesis and progression, the role of N"
1970,brain tumour,39304781,High-throughput identification of repurposable neuroactive drugs with potent anti-glioblastoma activity.,"Glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary brain cancer, has a dismal prognosis, yet systemic treatment is limited to DNA-alkylating chemotherapies. New therapeutic strategies may emerge from exploring neurodevelopmental and neurophysiological vulnerabilities of glioblastoma. To this end, we systematically screened repurposable neuroactive drugs in glioblastoma patient surgery material using a clinically concordant and single-cell resolved platform. Profiling more than 2,500 ex vivo drug responses across 27 patients and 132 drugs identified class-diverse neuroactive drugs with potent anti-glioblastoma efficacy that were validated across model systems. Interpretable molecular machine learning of drug-target networks revealed neuroactive convergence on AP-1/BTG-driven glioblastoma suppression, enabling expanded in silico screening of more than 1 million compounds with high patient validation accuracy. Deep multimodal profiling confirmed Ca"
1971,brain tumour,39304723,Epidemiology and socioeconomic correlates of brain and central nervous system cancers in Asia in 2020 and their projection to 2040.,"Brain and central nervous system (CNS) cancers constitute a heterogeneous group of cancers with poor 5-year survival rates. We aimed to report the epidemiology of brain and CNS cancers in Asia in 2020 and their projections up to 2040 by age, sex, and country, as well as their correlation with socioeconomic status. We extracted data from the 2020 Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN). Numbers, age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and mortality rates (ASMRs), 5-year prevalent cases and rates, mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs), and crude rates were calculated. The human development index (HDI) and current healthcare expenditure (CHE)-to-gross domestic product (GDP) ratio were included as indicators of socioeconomic status. Additionally, the numbers of new cases and deaths were predicted from 2025 to 2040 by multiplying the anticipated population during this period by age-standardized rates. In 2020, there were 166,925 new cases of brain and CNS cancers in Asia, indicating a 5-year prevalence rate of 9.40 per 100,000. We also estimated the total ASIR, ASMR, and MIR as 3.20, 2.60, and 0.83, respectively. There were significant negative correlations between HDI and MIR (correlation coefficient: - 0.538, p value < 0.001) and significant positive correlations between CHE/GDP% and ASIR (correlation coefficient: 0.388, p value: 0.010) and ASMR (correlation coefficient: 0.373, p value: 0.014). In 2040, there will be 232,000 new cases of brain and CNS cancers and 200,000 subsequent deaths in Asia. Our study revealed higher brain and CNS cancer rates in Western Asia among males and elderly individuals. These findings can aid policymakers in enhancing cancer care and suggest the consideration of risk factors in future research."
1972,brain tumour,39304717,A covalent creatine kinase inhibitor ablates glioblastoma migration and sensitizes tumors to oxidative stress.,"Glioblastoma is a Grade 4 primary brain tumor defined by therapy resistance, diffuse infiltration, and near-uniform lethality. The underlying mechanisms are unknown, and no treatment has been curative. Using a recently developed creatine kinase inhibitor (CKi), we explored the role of this inhibitor on GBM biology in vitro. While CKi minimally impacted GBM cell proliferation and viability, it significantly affected migration. In established GBM cell lines and patient-derived xenografts, CKi ablated both the migration and invasion of GBM cells. CKi also hindered radiation-induced migration. RNA-seq revealed a decrease in invasion-related genes, with an unexpected increase in glutathione metabolism and ferroptosis protection genes post-CKi treatment. The effects of CKi could be reversed by the addition of cell-permeable glutathione. Carbon-13 metabolite tracing indicated heightened glutathione biosynthesis post-CKi treatment. Combinatorial CKi blockade and glutathione inhibition or ferroptosis activation abrogated cell survival. Our data demonstrated that CKi perturbs promigratory and anti-ferroptotic roles in GBM, identifying the creatine kinase axis as a druggable target for GBM treatment."
1973,brain tumour,39304713,Astrocyte-induced Cdk5 expedites breast cancer brain metastasis by suppressing MHC-I expression to evade immune recognition.,"Brain metastases (BrMs) evade the immune response to develop in the brain, yet the mechanisms of BrM immune evasion remains unclear. This study shows that brain astrocytes induce the overexpression of neuronal-specific cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in breast cancer-derived BrMs, which facilitates BrM outgrowth in mice. Cdk5-overexpressing BrMs exhibit reduced expression and function of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) and antigen-presentation pathway, which are restored by inhibiting Cdk5 genetically or pharmacologically, as evidenced by single-cell RNA sequencing and functional studies. Mechanistically, Cdk5 suppresses MHC-I expression on the cancer cell membrane through the Irf2bp1-Stat1-importin α-Nlrc5 pathway, enabling BrMs to avoid recognition by T cells. Treatment with roscovitine-a clinically applicable Cdk5 inhibitor-alone or combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors, significantly reduces BrM burden and increases tumour-infiltrating functional CD8"
1974,brain tumour,39304655,CYP1B1-RMDN2 Alzheimer's disease endophenotype locus identified for cerebral tau PET.,"Determining the genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease pathologies can enhance mechanistic understanding and inform precision medicine strategies. Here, we perform a genome-wide association study of cortical tau quantified by positron emission tomography in 3046 participants from 12 independent studies. The CYP1B1-RMDN2 locus is associated with tau deposition. The most significant signal is at rs2113389, explaining 4.3% of the variation in cortical tau, while APOE4 rs429358 accounts for 3.6%. rs2113389 is associated with higher tau and faster cognitive decline. Additive effects, but no interactions, are observed between rs2113389 and diagnosis, APOE4, and amyloid beta positivity. CYP1B1 expression is upregulated in AD. rs2113389 is associated with higher CYP1B1 expression and methylation levels. Mouse model studies provide additional functional evidence for a relationship between CYP1B1 and tau deposition but not amyloid beta. These results provide insight into the genetic basis of cerebral tau deposition and support novel pathways for therapeutic development in AD."
1975,brain tumour,39304572,Letter to the editor: The role of postoperative blood pressure management in early postoperative hemorrhage in awake craniotomy glioma patients.,No abstract found
1976,brain tumour,39304563,Chiasmal shift and differential radiological diagnosis of papillary glioneuronal tumors.,No abstract found
1977,brain tumour,39304542,"""Apathetic look"" is a valuable indicator of intraoperative supplementary motor area syndrome during awake craniotomy.","Resection of a glioma from the dorsomedial frontal lobe, including the supplementary motor area (SMA), can result in postoperative SMA syndrome. SMA syndrome may occur during awake craniotomies. However, it is often difficult to intraoperatively distinguish between motor dysfunction due to pyramidal tract damage from that due to SMA syndrome. Patients with suspected intraoperative SMA syndrome are indifferent to their surroundings, have stiff facial muscles, and maintain a fixed gaze. We defined this condition as ""apathetic look."" The present study aimed to investigate whether intraoperative ""apathetic look"" is useful for identifying intraoperative SMA syndrome in patients with glioma close to motor-related areas, including the SMA, during awake craniotomy. This study included 33 consecutive patients with glioma included in the SMA. We excluded patients whose tumors extended to motor-related areas. We also assessed whether intraoperative SMA syndrome occurred in each patient. We evaluated the correlation between the occurrence of intraoperative SMA syndrome and various clinical factors, including intraoperative ""apathetic look."" Of the 33 patients, 12 had intraoperative SMA syndrome. Intraoperative ""apathetic look"" showed strong correlation with intraoperative SMA syndrome (p < 0.0001). Additionally, higher extent of resection (EOR) and resection of the corpus callosum showed a significantly higher incidence of intraoperative ""apathetic look."" All 12 patients with intraoperative SMA syndrome showed intraoperative ""apathetic look"" and recovered from SMA syndrome with high EOR. In conclusion, intraoperative ""apathetic look"" shows strong correlation with intraoperative SMA syndrome. Therefore, ""apathetic look"" may be a valuable indicator of intraoperative SMA syndrome during awake craniotomy."
1978,brain tumour,39304362,Association of Serum Biomarkers With Neurocognitive Decline After PCI in Small Cell Lung Cancer: An Exploratory Study of the Phase III NCT01780675 Trial.,Blood samples were collected to explore potential serum biomarkers associated with neurocognitive function in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients who received prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI).
1979,brain tumour,39303966,A novel framework for uncovering the coordinative spectrum-effect correlation of the effective components of Yangyin Tongnao Granules on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.,"Ischemic stroke is currently a major public health hazard.Yangyin Tongnao Granules (YYTN), a traditional Chinese medicinal prescription, exerts potential therapeutic effects on subsequent cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) after ischemic stroke. However, further studies are required to comprehend the underlying mechanism of YYTN for treating CIRI and the associated spectrum-effect mechanisms."
1980,brain tumour,39303929,Serum exosomal miRNA promote glioma progression by targeting SOS1 via abscopal effect of radiation.,"Local exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) can induce changes in biological processes in distant tissues and organs. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles that transport biomolecules, mediate communication between cells and tissues, and can affect the abscopal effects of radiotherapy."
1981,brain tumour,39303525,LncRNA BASP1-AS1 is a positive regulator of stemness and pluripotency in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.,"Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor diagnosed mostly in children below the age of five years and comprises of about 15 % of all paediatric cancer deaths. Tumor initiating cancer stem cells (CSCs) can be targeted for better treatment approaches. BASP1-AS1 is a long non coding (Lnc) RNA that is a divergent LncRNA for its coding gene brain abundant membrane attached signal protein 1 (BASP1). We had earlier demonstrated it to be expressed in foetus derived human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs), where it was a positive regulator of BASP1 and was critical for neural differentiation. In this study, we have investigated the role of BASP1-AS1 in CSCs derived from the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. We cultured SH-SY5Y cells on Poly-d-Lysine coated flasks in serum free media supplemented with growth factors, which led to the enrichment of CSCs as determined by marker expression. When grown on ultra-low attachment flasks, these cells formed CSCs enriched neurospheres. We examined the effects of BASP1-AS1 siRNA mediated knockdown on CSCs enriched SH-SY5Y cells and SH-SY5Y derived neurospheres. BASP1-AS1 knockdown decreased the levels of the corresponding gene BASP1 and the rate of cell proliferation of CSCs enriched cells along with low expression of Ki67. It also reduced the mRNA levels of stem cell and pluripotency gene markers (CD133, CD44, c-KIT, SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG), as also Wnt 2 and the Wnt pathway effector β catenin. It also abrogated the formation of neurospheres in ultra-low attachment flasks. A similar effect on proliferation and stemness related properties was seen on BASP1 knockdown. BASP1-AS1 and its related pathways may provide a point of intervention for the CSCs population in neuroblastoma."
1982,brain tumour,39303463,Seizure outcome in surgically treated pediatric gangliogliomas and dysembryoplastic neuroepitheliomas according to imaging and resection strategies.,Imaging and resection strategies for pediatric gangliogliomas (GG) and dysembryoplastic neuroepitheliomas (DNET) presenting with epilepsy were retrospectively analyzed in a consecutive institutional series of surgically treated patients.
1983,brain tumour,39303402,Blood-brain barrier and blood-brain tumor barrier penetrating peptide-drug conjugate as targeted therapy for the treatment of lung cancer brain metastasis.,"Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Brain metastasis of lung cancer, which counts for nearly 50% of late-stage lung cancer patients, is a sign of a really poor prognosis. However, the presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB) limits the penetration of drugs from the blood into the brain and thus restricts their accumulation in brain tumors. Systematic delivery of drugs into brain and brain tumor lesion using BBB and BBTB penetrating vehicles represents a promising strategy to overcome the BBB and BBTB limitations. Hence, we validated one of our previously identified BBB/BBTB penetrating peptide and its drug conjugate form for the treatment of lung cancer brain metastasis. With in vitro experiment, we first validated that the receptor LRP1, which mediated the peptide penetration of the BBB, was expressed on lung cancer cells and thus can be targeted by the peptide to overcome BBTB. With this delivery peptide, we constructed peptide-paclitaxel conjugate (the PDC) and in vitro validation showed that the PDC can across the BBB and efficiently kill lung cancer cells. We therefore constructed mouse lung cancer brain metastasis xenograft. In vivo anti-tumor validations showed that the PDC efficiently inhibited the proliferation of the brain resident lung cancer cells and significantly expanded the survival of the mouse xenograft, with no visible damages to the organs. Overall, our study provided potential therapeutic drugs for the treatment of lung cancer brain metastasis that may be clinically effective in the near future."
1984,brain tumour,39303384,Engineering of exosome-liposome hybrid-based theranostic nanomedicines for NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided and targeted NIR-II photothermal therapy of subcutaneous glioblastoma.,"Exosome-liposome hybrid-based vehicles (ELV) are promising carriers for cancer treatment, but there are rare efficient theranostic probes to label their lipid bilayer membrane for precisely tracing biodistribution and execute potent therapy. As both fluorescence imaging and photothermal therapy in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) has intrinsically deep penetration and high efficacy to ablate tumors, herein the design and synthesis of lipophilic NIR-II cyanine dyes with strong donor strength is reported to label lipid bilayer membrane of ELV for NIR-II fluorescence image-guided and targeted NIR-II photothermal treatment of subcutaneous glioblastoma. Via lipid film hydration and subsequent extrusion method, the synthesized ELV (NIR-C"
1985,brain tumour,39302290,Tumor-infiltrating nerves functionally alter brain circuits and modulate behavior in a mouse model of head-and-neck cancer.,"Cancer patients often experience changes in mental health, prompting an exploration into whether nerves infiltrating tumors contribute to these alterations by impacting brain functions. Using a mouse model for head and neck cancer and neuronal tracing, we show that tumor-infiltrating nerves connect to distinct brain areas. The activation of this neuronal circuitry altered behaviors (decreased nest-building, increased latency to eat a cookie, and reduced wheel running). Tumor-infiltrating nociceptor neurons exhibited heightened calcium activity and brain regions receiving these neural projections showed elevated Fos as well as increased calcium responses compared to non-tumor-bearing counterparts. The genetic elimination of nociceptor neurons decreased brain Fos expression and mitigated the behavioral alterations induced by the presence of the tumor. While analgesic treatment restored nesting and cookie test behaviors, it did not fully restore voluntary wheel running indicating that pain is not the exclusive driver of such behavioral shifts. Unraveling the interaction between the tumor, infiltrating nerves, and the brain is pivotal to developing targeted interventions to alleviate the mental health burdens associated with cancer."
1986,brain tumour,39302161,Lipid-Conjugated Reduced Haloperidol in Association with Glucose-Based Nanospheres: A Strategy for Glioma Treatment.,"Aggressive glioma exhibits a poor survival rate. Increased tumor aggression is linked to both tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which induce pro-aggression, invasion, and metastasis. Imperatively, for effective treatment, it is important to target both glioma cells and TAMs. Haloperidol, a neuropsychotic drug, avidly targets the sigma receptor (SR), which is expressed in higher levels in both the cell types. Herein, we present the development of a novel cationic lipid-conjugated reduced haloperidol (±RHPC8), which aims to mediate the SR-targeted antiglioma effect. Hypothetically, ±RHPC8 would act simultaneously as an SR-targeting ligand and anticancer agent. As the blood-brain barrier (BBB) obstructs direct targeting of in situ glioma, we used BBB-crossing glucose-based carbon nanospheres (CSPs) to deliver ±RHPC8 within the glioma tumor-bearing mouse brain. The resultant ±RHPC8-CSP nanoconjugate targeted SR-expressing glioma cells. In both orthotopic and subcutaneous mouse tumor models, ±RHPC8-CSP prolonged survival and regressed tumors compared to other treated groups. Notably, ±RHPC8-CSP was significantly taken up by SR-expressing TAMs thus resulting in macrophage polarization from M2 to M1, as exhibited by markedly reduced expression of immunosuppressive cytokines released by TAMs, including TGF-β, IL-10, and VEGF. In conclusion, the designed ±RHPC8-CSP nanoconjugate presented an effective nanodrug delivery system for brain cancer treatment."
1987,brain tumour,39302062,Atlas-Based Structural Disconnectomes Are Associated with Cognitive Performance in Brain Tumors.,
1988,brain tumour,39301814,Occupational exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and brain tumor risk: Application of the INTEROCC job-exposure matrix.,"Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF, 100 kHz to 300 GHz) are classified by IARC as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). This study evaluates the potential association between occupational RF-EMF exposure and brain tumor risk, utilizing for the first time, a RF-EMF job-exposure matrix (RF-JEM) developed in the multi-country INTEROCC case-control study. Cumulative and time-weighted average (TWA) occupational RF-EMF exposures were estimated for study participants based on lifetime job histories linked to the RF-JEM using three different methods: (1) by considering RF-EMF intensity among all exposed jobs, (2) by considering RF-EMF intensity among jobs with an exposure prevalence ≥ the median exposure prevalence of all exposed jobs, and (3) by considering RF-EMF intensity of jobs of participants who reported RF-EMF source use. Stratified conditional logistic regression models were used, considering various lag periods and exposure time windows defined a priori. Generally, no clear associations were found for glioma or meningioma risk. However, some statistically significant positive associations were observed including in the highest exposure categories for glioma for cumulative and TWA exposure in the 1- to 4-year time window for electric fields (E) in the first JEM application method (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.36, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.08, 1.72 and 1.27, 95% CI 1.01, 1.59, respectively), as well as for meningioma for cumulative exposure in the 5- to 9-year time window for electric fields (E) in the third JEM application method (OR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.11, 4.78). We did not identify convincing associations between occupational RF-EMF exposure and risk of glioma or meningioma."
1989,brain tumour,39301636,Lipid metabolic rewiring in glioma‑associated microglia/macrophages (Review).,"Gliomas are the most prevailing brain malignancy in both children and adults. Microglia, which are resident in the central nervous system (CNS), are distributed throughout the brain and serve an important role in the immunity of the CNS. Microglial cells exhibit varying phenotypic and metabolic properties during different stages of glioma development, making them a highly dynamic cell population. In particular, glioma‑associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) can alter their metabolic characteristics and influence malignancies in response to the signals they receive. The significance of macrophage metabolic reprogramming in tumor growth is becoming increasingly acknowledged in recent years. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is currently a scarcity of data from investigations into the lipid metabolic profiles of microglia/macrophages in the glioma setting. Therefore, the present review aims to provide a thorough review of the role that lipid metabolism serves in tumor‑associated macrophages. In addition, it outlines potential targets for therapy based on lipid metabolism. The present review aims to serve as a reference source for future investigations into GAMs."
1990,brain tumour,39301366,Non-coplanar Arc-Involved Beam Arrangement With Sufficient Arc Rotations Is Suitable for Volumetric-Modulated Arc-Based Radiosurgery for Single Brain Metastasis.,"Introduction In linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) leveraging a multileaf collimator (MLC) for brain metastasis (BM), volumetric-modulated arcs (VMAs) enable the generation of a suitable dose distribution with efficient planning and delivery. However, the arc arrangement, including the number of arcs, allocation, and rotation ranges, varies substantially among devices and facilities. Some modalities allow coplanar arc(s) (CA(s)) or beam(s) alone, and some facilities only use them intentionally despite the availability of non-coplanar arcs (NCAs). The study was conducted to examine the significance of NCAs and the optimal arc rotation ranges in VMA-based SRS for a single BM. Materials and methods This was a planning study for the clinical scenario of a single BM, including 20 clinical cases with a gross tumor volume (GTV) of 0.72-44.30 cc. Three different arc arrangements were compared: 1) reciprocating double CA alone of each 360º rotation with different collimator angles of 0 and 90º, 2) one CA and two NCAs of each 120º rotation with the shortest beam path lengths to the irradiation isocenter (NCA_L), and 3) one CA of 360º rotation and two NCAs of each 180º rotation (NCA_F). The three arcs were allocated similarly to equally divide the cranial hemisphere with different collimator angles of 0, 45, and 90º. Three VMA-based SRS plans were generated for each GTV using a 5 mm leaf-width MLC with the identical optimization method that prioritized the steepness of dose gradient outside the GTV boundary without any constraints to the GTV internal dose. A prescribed dose was uniformly assigned to the GTV "
1991,brain tumour,39300701,Comprehensive analysis of constitutional mismatch repair deficiency-associated non-Hodgkin lymphomas in a global cohort.,"Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome (CMMRD) is a rare childhood cancer predisposition syndrome associated with a broad spectrum of malignancies, including non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). Most patients die due to cancer before the age of 20 years. Limited data exist on CMMRD-associated lymphomas and their outcome."
1992,brain tumour,39300698,A systematic review of interventions for neurocognitive dysfunctions in patients and survivors of a pediatric brain tumor.,"Due to a high burden of neurocognitive impairment on patients with a pediatric brain tumor, interventions mitigating these symptoms are highly needed. Currently, evidence on the efficacy and feasibility of such interventions remains scarce. A systematic literature study was performed based on four different databases (PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, and PsycArticles). Resulting articles (n = 2232) were screened based on title and abstract, and full text. We included 28 articles, investigating cognitive effects of either a lifestyle intervention (n = 6), a cognitive training (n = 15), or pharmacological intervention (n = 7). The most frequently studied interventions were the Cogmed and methylphenidate. Most interventions showed short-term efficacy. Fewer interventions also showed long-term maintenance of positive results. Despite positive trends of these interventions, results are heterogeneous, suggesting relatively limited efficacy of existing interventions and more potential of more individualized as well as multimodal approaches for future interventions."
1993,brain tumour,39300683,Human performance in predicting enhancement quality of gliomas using gadolinium-free MRI sequences.,To develop and test a decision tree for predicting contrast enhancement quality and shape using precontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences in a large adult-type diffuse glioma cohort.
1994,brain tumour,39298114,A longitudinal multimodal MRI study of the visual network in postoperative delirium.,"Although structural and functional damage to the brain is considered to be an important neurobiological mechanism of postoperative delirium (POD), alterations in the visual cortical network related to this vulnerability have not yet been determined. In this study, we investigated the impact of alterations in the visual network (VN), as measured by structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), on the development of POD. Thirty-six adult patients with frontal glioma who underwent elective craniotomy were recruited. The primary outcome was POD 1-7 days after surgery, as assessed by the Confusion Assessment Method. Cognition before surgery was measured by a battery of neuropsychological tests. Then, we evaluated preoperative and postoperative gray matter volume (GMV) and functional connectivity (FC) alterations by voxel-based morphometry and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) between the POD and non-POD groups. Multiple logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between neuroimaging biomarkers and the occurrence of POD. Compared to those in the non-POD group, a decreased GMV in the fusiform gyrus (0.181 [0.018] vs. 0.207 [0.022], FDRp = 0.001) and decreased FC between the fusiform gyrus and VN (0.351 [0.153] vs. 0.610 [0.197], GFRp < 0.001) were observed preoperatively in the POD group, and increased FC between the fusiform gyrus and ventral attentional network (0.538 [0.180] vs. 0.452 [0.184], GFRp =  < 0.001) was observed postoperatively in the POD group. According to our multiple logistic regression analysis, age (Odds ratio [OR]: 1.141 [1.015 to 1.282], P = 0.03) and preoperative fusiform-VN FC (OR 0.001 [0.001 to 0.067], P = 0.01) were significantly related to risk of POD. Our findings suggested that preoperative functional disconnectivity between fusiform and VN might be highly involved in the development of POD. These findings may allow for the discovery of additional underlying mechanisms."
1995,brain tumour,39297891,Neddylation signaling inactivation by tetracaine hydrochloride suppresses cell proliferation and alleviates vemurafenib-resistance of melanoma.,"Tetracaine, a local anesthetic, exhibits potent cytotoxic effects on multiple cancer; however, the precise underlying mechanisms of its anti-cancer activity remain uncertain. The anti-cancer activity of tetracaine was found to be the most effective among commonly used local anesthetics in this study. After tetracaine treatment, the differentially expressed genes in melanoma cells were identified by the RNAseq technique and enriched in the lysosome signaling pathway, cullin family protein binding, and proteasome signaling pathway through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Additionally, the ubiquitin-like neddylation signaling pathway, which is hyperactivated in melanoma, could be abrogated due to decreased NAE2 expression after tetracaine treatment. The neddylation of the pro-oncogenic Survivin, which enhances its stability, was significantly reduced following treatment with tetracaine. The activation of neddylation signaling by NEDD8 overexpression could reduce the antitumor efficacy of tetracaine in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells showed higher level of neddylation, and potential substrate proteins undergoing neddylation modification were identified through immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. The tetracaine treatment could reduce drug resistance via neddylation signaling pathway inactivation in melanoma cells. These findings demonstrate that tetracaine effectively inhibits cell proliferation and alleviates vemurafenib resistance in melanoma by suppressing the neddylation signaling pathway, providing a promising avenue for controlling cancer progression."
1996,brain tumour,39303299,Intraoperative MRI in pediatric epilepsy and neuro-oncology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) use is becoming increasingly widespread in neurosurgical practice, and most of the data reporting its use are in adult populations. There is less evidence on the use of iMRI in pediatric neurosurgery. The aim of this paper was to synthesize the available literature into a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the evidence for iMRI in pediatric neurosurgery, with a particular focus on neuro-oncology and epilepsy surgery."
1997,brain tumour,39302862,"[Clinical case of plurihormonal pituitary adenoma (STH/ACTH/TSH/FSH/LH-secreting), diagnostic pitfalls].","According to numerous studies, the most common pituitary tumors are prolactinomas, reaching 60% of all clinically significant adenomas, the next in order are non-functional pituitary adenomas, somatotropinomas, corticotropinomas and thyrotropinomas. Plurigormonal tumors occur in less than 1% of all pituitary adenomas. The most common form of mixed secretion adenoma in this patient population, derived from the Pit-1 cell line, produces various combinations of hormones: growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). This article presents a patient with a plurihormonal two-component pituitary macroadenoma with a rare and exceptional combination of secreted hormones - GH / adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) / TSH / follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) / luteinizing hormone (LH) with minimal nonspecific clinical manifestations such as diabetes mellitus and poorly controlled arterial hypertension."
1998,brain tumour,39302617,Empagliflozin Dampens Doxorubicin-Induced Chemobrain in Rats: The Possible Involvement of Oxidative Stress and PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB/TNF-α Signaling Pathways.,"Chemobrain is a cognitive impairment observed in up to 75% of cancer patients treated with doxorubicin (DOX). Cognitive deficits associated with DOX are complex, and multiple interplay pathways contribute to memory impairment and the loss of concentration. Empagliflozin (EMPA), a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor with neuroprotective potential, has recently been elucidated because of its regulatory effects on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Thus, this study aimed to explore the protective mechanisms of EMPA in DOX-induced chemobrain. Rats were allocated to four groups: normal (NC), EMPA, DOX, and EMPA + DOX. Chemobrain was induced in the third and fourth groups by DOX (2 mg/kg, IP) on the 0th, 7th, 14th, and 21st days of the study, while EMPA was administered (10 mg/kg, PO) for 28 consecutive days in both the EMPA and EMPA + DOX groups. Behavioral and biochemical assessments were then performed. Rats treated with DOX exhibited significant memory, learning, and muscle coordination dysfunctions. Moreover, DOX boosted oxidative stress in the brain, as evidenced by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) content together with decreased levels of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Neuroinflammation was also observed as an upsurge of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) (p65). Additionally, DOX diminished the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and increased phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated-Akt (pAkt), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) content. EMPA exhibited potent neuroprotective potential in DOX-induced cognitive impairment, attributed to its antioxidant and neuroplasticity-enhancing properties and suppression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB/TNF-α signaling pathway."
1999,brain tumour,39302605,The Role of Mutant IDH Inhibitors in the Treatment of Glioma.,"The identification of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations has led to a transformation in our understanding of gliomas and has paved the way to a new era of targeted therapy. In this article, we review the classification of IDH-mutant glioma, standard of care treatment options, clinical evidence for mutant IDH (mIDH) inhibitors, and practical implications of the recent landmark INDIGO trial."
2000,brain tumour,39302558,Surgical resection versus stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of brain metastases in the motor cortex; a meta-analysis and systematic review.,"Brain metastasis in the motor cortex is a challenging condition to treat. Surgical resection or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)/hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (hypoSRT) are valuable options up to now. Due to its unique location and potential for neurologic deficits, neither treatment is entirely satisfactory. There is still a lack of data on the treatment result of motor cortex metastasis. This study provides a comprehensive review and meta-analysis comparing surgery and SRS/hypoSRT for treating brain metastasis in the motor cortex. Core databases, including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, were systematically searched for brain metastasis in the motor cortex, demonstrating the clinical outcomes of both surgery and SRS/hypoSRT. Motor power outcome and treatment-associated complication rates were thoroughly evaluated. Twenty-five articles were listed for full-text review. Among them, 13 articles were eligible for inclusion criteria: retrospective cohort studies comparing surgery and SRS/hypoSRT. There are 323 patients in the surgery group and 220 in the SRS/hypoSRT group. The motor outcome is better in surgery group, but without statistical significance (0.49 vs 0.37, p = 0.3937) and treatment-related complication is lower in surgery group with statistical significance (0.09 vs 0.26, p = 0.0218). Treatment modality should be tailored by the patient's performance status, history of radiation, presence of ongoing chemotherapy, or extracranial progression status."
2001,brain tumour,39302532,Protective effect of nanoemulsions containing CdTe quantum dots with potential application as a diagnostic agent.,"A nanoemulsion containing CdTe quantum dots (NE-CdTe-QD) was developed to shield cells from cadmium toxicity and shown to be a promising candidate for brain tumor diagnosis. CdTe-QD was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. CdTe-QD exhibited high luminescence emission at 700 nm, and their stability was maintained when encapsulated in lipidic/polymeric nanoemulsions (198 ± 2.0 nm; PDI = 0.174; - 49.0 mV). The biological effects of free and nanoemulsified CdTe-QD were tested in normal cells (NHF) and glioblastoma cell lines (U87-MG and T98G). Membrane colocalization of NE-CdTe-QD by T98G cells was observed. Instead, intracellular endoplasmic reticulum localization of NE-CdTe-QD was verified in U87-MG cells. Cell viability was reduced only when NE-CdTe-QD permeated the membrane of GBM cells, as observed in U87-MG cells, whereas no cytotoxic effects were observed in normal fibroblasts. Incorporating quantum dots directly into the brain cells is difficult. However, the nanoemulsions reduced the toxicity of CdTe-QD in zebrafish larvae and increased their circulation time, and direct injection into the zebrafish brain did not affect neural cell viability. This validates the potential application of these nanomaterials as diagnostic agents and satisfies the necessary criteria for their use as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy."
2002,brain tumour,39302487,Using AI to navigate complex neurosurgical procedures in rare gliomas.,No abstract found
2003,brain tumour,39300452,"Observations from the first 100 cases of intraoperative MRI - experiences, trends and short-term outcomes.","We sought to analyze, in well-defined clinical setting, the first 100 patients treated at the intraoperative MRI (iMRI) hybrid surgical theatre at our facility in a population-based setting to evaluate which pathologies are best approached with iMRI assisted surgeries, as this is not yet clearly defined."
2004,brain tumour,39300408,"Febrile neutropenia induced by adjuvant radiotherapy for a patient with breast cancer accompanied with reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES, TypeI): a case report.","Reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) is known as a neuro-imaging syndrome with recurrent but reversible lesion of the corpus callosum, characterized by nonspecific but usually mild encephalopathies and specific imaging manifestations.There are few published reports in the field of oncology."
2005,brain tumour,39300240,Heterogeneous expression of the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3 in glioblastoma patient-derived tissue samples and cell cultures.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive glial tumor of the adult brain, associated with invariably fatal outcome, and a deeper understanding of the underlying malignant mechanisms is necessary to address the current therapeutic failure. We previously demonstrated the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in GBM cell migration and resistance to ionizing radiation. The atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3, responsible for CXCL12 scavenging, was previously suggested as additional important player in the context of GBM. Following validation of the detection tools, we observed that ACKR3 is expressed within GBM patient tumor tissue, distributed in diverse cell types. In contrast to CXCR4, ACKR3 expression in patient-derived stem-like cells (GSCs) remains however low, while ACKR3 gene expression by tumor cells appears to be modulated by the in-vivo environment. Using overexpression models, we also showed that in vitro ACKR3 had no significant direct effect on cell proliferation or invasion. Altogether, these results suggest that in vitro ACKR3 plays a minor role in malignant GBM cell biology and that its expression is possibly regulated by in-vivo influences. The subtle and multifaceted functions ACKR3 could exert in GBM should therefore only be tackled within a comprehensive tumor microenvironment considering tumoral but also non-tumoral cells."
2006,brain tumour,39299968,"Comment on, ""Survival prediction of glioblastoma patients-are we there yet? A systematic review of prognostic modeling for glioblastoma and its clinical potential"".","The article ""Survival Prediction of Glioblastoma Patients-Are We There Yet? A Systematic Review of Prognostic Modeling for Glioblastoma and Its Clinical Potential"" by Tewarie et al. (2024) critically examines the current landscape of prognostic models for glioblastoma, highlighting both advancements and challenges in their clinical application. Through a systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines, the authors synthesize findings from diverse studies, shedding light on the variability in model performance and the obstacles to clinical implementation. Despite these contributions, the review faces limitations due to the heterogeneity of the studies included, which complicates definitive conclusions. The authors emphasize the need for external validation and standardization, though further exploration of the persistence of these challenges and the biases in machine learning models is warranted. Future research should focus on standardizing protocols and integrating ethical considerations to enhance the clinical utility of these models, moving the field closer to practical application."
2007,brain tumour,39299575,In vivo measurements of change in tissue oxygen level during irradiation reveal novel dose rate dependence.,This study aimed to investigate the radiochemical oxygen depletion (ROD) in vivo by directly measuring oxygen levels in various mouse tissues during ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) irradiation at clinically relevant doses and dose rates.
2008,brain tumour,39299514,Exploring Kleefstra syndrome cohort phenotype characteristics: Prevalence insights from caregiver-reported outcomes.,"Kleefstra syndrome (KLEFS1) is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder affecting multiple body systems. It continues to be under-researched, and its prevalence remains unknown. This paper builds on the international KLEFS1 cohort of 172 individuals based on the caregiver-reported outcomes collected within the online data collection platform GenIDA and reports the occurrence, frequency and severity of symptoms in KLEFS1. The study clearly shows the importance of caregiver-reported outcomes collections in the rare disease domain. Moreover, the study emphasizes the need for more specific and enhanced data collection methods, suggesting recommendations to optimize caregiver-reported registries and foster an even more profound understanding of rare diseases."
2009,brain tumour,39299453,Functional connectivity of sensorimotor network before and after surgery in the supplementary motor area.,"After resective glioma surgery in the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA), patients often experience a transient disturbance of the ability to initiate speech and voluntary motor actions, known as the SMA syndrome (SMAS). It has been proposed that enhanced interhemispheric functional connectivity (FC) within the sensorimotor system may serve as a potential mechanism for recovery, enabling the non-resected SMA to assume the function of the resected region. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the extent to which changes in FC can be observed in patients after resolution of the SMAS. Eight patients underwent resection of left SMA due to suspected gliomas, resulting in various levels of the SMA syndrome. Resting-state functional MR images were acquired prior to the surgery and after resolution of the syndrome. At the group level we found an increased connectivity between the unaffected (right) SMA and the primary motor cortex on the same side following surgery. However, no significant increase in interhemispheric connectivity was observed. These findings challenge the prevailing notion that increased interhemispheric FC serves as the only mechanism underlying recovery from SMA syndrome and suggest the presence of one or more alternative mechanisms."
2010,brain tumour,39299007,Evaluating the atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease risk score in patients with brain metastases: Associations with overall survival and high-value care outcomes.,"Brain metastases (BM) constitute the most common intracranial tumor in adults. Prior literature indicates the 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score is associated with increased risk of cancer, potentially attributable to shared risk factors. Understanding the role of ASCVD risk scores in BM may help optimize their care and inform clinical decision-making. Our aim was to explore associations between ASCVD risk score in BM patients and their overall survival, hospital charges, and non-routine discharge disposition."
2011,brain tumour,39298928,Clinical utility of plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in diffuse gliomas for the detection of IDH1 R132H mutation.,"Liquid biopsy for CNS tumors is in its nascent phase, hindered by the low levels of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Overcoming this challenge requires highly sensitive molecular techniques. DD-PCR emerges as a standout technique due to its ability to identify rare mutations, copy number variations, and circulating nucleic acids, making it one of the best methods for identifying somatic mutations in cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Despite promising results from various studies demonstrating the feasibility of obtaining informative ctDNA profiles from liquid biopsy samples, challenges persist, including the need to standardize sample collection, storage, and processing methods, define clear assay positivity thresholds, and address the overall low assay sensitivity. Our two-phase study began by assessing DD-PCR efficacy in FFPE tissues, revealing robust concordance with immunohistochemistry. In Phase 1 (85 cases), DD-PCR on FFPE tissues demonstrated 100 % sensitivity and specificity for IDH1 R132H mutations. In Phase 2 (100 cases), analysis extended to cfDNA, maintaining high specificity (100 %) with moderate sensitivity (44.2 %). Overall concordance with immunohistochemistry was 61 %, highlighting liquid biopsy's potential in glioma management. The findings emphasized DD-PCR's clinical utility in both tissue and liquid biopsy, underscoring its role in early detection, diagnosis, and therapeutic monitoring of diffuse gliomas."
2012,brain tumour,39298705,Cancer Risk in Patients With Muscular Dystrophy and Myotonic Dystrophy: A Register-Based Cohort Study.,"Muscular dystrophies and myotonic disorders are genetic disorders characterized by progressive skeletal muscle degeneration and weakness. Epidemiologic studies have found an increased cancer risk in myotonic dystrophy, although the cancer risk spectrum is poorly characterized. In patients with muscular dystrophy, the cancer risk is uncertain. We aimed to determine the overall cancer risk and cancer risk spectrum in patients with muscular dystrophy and myotonic dystrophy using data from the Swedish National registers."
2013,brain tumour,39298570,Advancing Pediatric Neuro-Oncology: Multi-institutional nnU-Net Segmentation of Medulloblastoma.,No abstract found
2014,brain tumour,39297241,Duplex Ultrasound Screening for Deep Venous Thrombosis in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy for Intracranial Tumors: A Single Institutional Series.,"The frequency of duplex ultrasound screening (DUS) for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with brain tumors undergoing craniotomy is center-specific. We evaluated clinical conditions that increase the tendency to perform DUS, focusing on tumor type."
2015,brain tumour,39296975,A theoretical study on evaluating brain tumor changes in tumor treating fields therapy by impedance detection.,"TTFields is a novel FDA-approved technology utilized for treating glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) within the brain. Presently, the effectiveness of therapy is evaluated through MRI imaging at random two-month intervals. Electrical impedance is an important and effective parameter for reflecting changes in tissue properties. In TTFields treatment for brain tumors, electrodes attached to the scalp deliver electric field energy to the tumor region. We hypothesize that these electrodes can also serve as sensors to detect impedance changes caused by tumor alterations in real time, thus continuously assessing the effectiveness of the treatment. In this work, we propose and scrutinize this hypothesis by conducting an in silico study to confirm the potential feasibility of the proposed concept. Our results indicate that the impedance amplitude change measured between opposing TTFields electrode arrays utilizing voltage and frequency of 50 V and 200 kHz (typical TTFields treatment parameters), has enough resolution (> 1mm) and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (> 40 dB) to evaluate tumor size change in the head. The impedance detection technique may be a significant augmentation to TTFields cancer treatment, enabling the continuous evaluation of safety and efficacy throughout the procedure."
2016,brain tumour,39296804,Synergism of d-limonene and temozolomide on migratory and apoptotic behaviors of human glioblastoma cell lines.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), which is a heterogeneous and aggressive type of brain tumor, is known for its poor survival outcomes. The treatment of GBM remains challenging primarily due to the drug resistance to the current standard therapeutic option, temozolomide (TMZ). Researchers are currently focusing on developing an appropriate alternative combinatorial therapeutic to enhance treatment outcomes. D-limonene (DL) is a monoterpene derived from citrus fruit. This study aims to assess the impact of combining DL with TMZ and explore its potential mechanism of action in U87MG and LN229 GBM cells."
2017,brain tumour,39296758,Tension pneumocephalus related to nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A case report.,"Tension pneumocephalus associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an exceptionally rare but potentially fatal condition. We report a case of tension pneumocephalus associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated by radiochemotherapy. Three-month follow-up computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed significant tumor regression but moderate intracranial pneumocephalus. Four days later, the patient was found in a comatose state and emergency brain CT showed extensive pneumocephalus with transtentorial descending and right temporal herniations. The patient died 5 days later. A summary of tension pneumocephalus is presented and the mechanism of fistula formation is discussed. This case enlightens tension pneumocephalus as a possible early complication of nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment."
2018,brain tumour,39296491,Non-technical skills for neurosurgeons: An international survey.,"Neurosurgery is considered a technically demanding specialty; nonetheless, it also requires non-technical skills (NTSs) to reach mastery."
2019,brain tumour,39296357,A biomimetic targeted nanosystem delivering synergistic inhibitors for glioblastoma immune microenvironment reprogramming and treatment.,"Efficient drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier is imperative for treating glioblastoma (GBM). This study utilized the GBM cell membrane to construct a biomimetic targeted nanosystem (GMNPs@AMD/RAPA) that hierarchically releases the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 and the mTOR pathway inhibitor rapamycin (RAPA) for reprogramming the tumor immune microenvironment and suppressing the progression of GBM. By initially inhibiting the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis, the tumor microenvironment (TME) was reprogrammed to enhance the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) into the TME while suppressing tumor cell survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis. Subsequently, through further cellular uptake and degradation of the nanoparticles, the mTOR pathway inhibitor RAPA was released, further suppressing the tumor progression. This study successfully combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy, achieving effective synergistic therapeutic effects, and suppressing the progression of GBM."
2020,brain tumour,39296273,Discovery of a 6-Aminobenzo[,6-Nitrobenzo[
2021,brain tumour,39296139,Outcomes with non-small cell lung cancer and brain-only metastasis.,We evaluated outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who presented with brain-only metastatic (BOM) disease overall and by EGFR/ALK mutation status.
2022,brain tumour,39295944,The efficacy of stereotactic radiotherapy followed by bevacizumab and temozolomide in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma: a case report.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor among adults. Despite advancements in multimodality therapy for GBM, the overall prognosis remains poor, with an extremely high risk of recurrence. Currently, there is no established consensus on the optimal treatment option for recurrent GBM, which may include reoperation, reirradiation, chemotherapy, or a combination of the above. Bevacizumab is considered a first-line treatment option for recurrent GBM, as is temozolomide. However, in recurrent GBM, it is necessary to balance the risks and benefits of reirradiation in combination with bevacizumab and temozolomide. Herein, we report the case of a patient with recurrent GBM after standard treatment who benefited from stereotactic radiotherapy followed by bevacizumab and temozolomide maintenance therapy. Following 16 months of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), the patient was diagnosed with recurrent GBM by a 3-T contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The addition of localized radiotherapy to the ongoing treatment regimen of bevacizumab, in combination with temozolomide therapy, prolonged the patient's disease-free survival to over 2 years, achieving a significant long-term outcome, with no notable adverse effects observed. This clinical case may provide a promising new option for patients with recurrent GBM."
2023,brain tumour,39295729,Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma Presenting With Developmental Regression: A Case Report.,"Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a subtype of pilocytic astrocytoma (PA). PMA tends to exhibit a more aggressive course compared to PA. We present a case of a two-year-old male with a PMA in the suprasellar region who presented with developmental regression, loss of previously attained milestones such as the ability to hold his neck, walk, and talk, along with hypotonia in all four limbs. Serum cortisol and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured to rule out endocrine disturbances and were within normal limits. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed a solid lesion in the suprasellar region, extending into the pituitary and interpeduncular fossae, compressing the pituitary gland, and effacing the third ventricle, causing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow obstruction and lateral ventricle dilation. The tumor appears hypointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2, with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), peripheral contrast enhancement, and no calcification, consistent with PMA. The CSF analysis was negative for malignant cells. Histopathological examination revealed monomorphous bipolar and spindle cells in an angiocentric pattern with a myxoid background, without rosenthal fibers, mitoses, or eosinophilic granular bodies, consistent with PMA but not seen in PA. Immunohistochemistry showed strong positivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100, with a Ki-67 index of 3-4%, indicating a low-grade tumor. The preferred treatment is surgical resection, but due to the tumor's deep location and potential long-term neurological effects, the parents opted against surgery. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed to alleviate CSF flow, following which the child showed mild improvement in symptoms. Treatment of nonresectable astrocytomas was controversial, but gross total surgical resection offers better disease control. Chemotherapy is for patients with recurrence or where total resection of the tumor is not possible, and radiotherapy, though the long-term disease control is good, has a variable visual outcome."
2024,brain tumour,39295608,Investigation of the status of immune checkpoint molecules (PD-L1 and PD-1) in meningiomas by immunohistochemistry.,"Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumors of the central nervous system. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment method applied in many types of cancer. There is no standard and effective medical treatment to reduce recurrence and mortality in cases of incomplete resection of meningiomas and in high-grade cases. In order to investigate medical treatments in addition to surgery and radiotherapy, in this study, the status of immune checkpoint molecules (PD-L1/PD-1), which are the target of immunotherapy, in meningiomas was investigated."
2025,brain tumour,39295181,Difficulties in ophthalmic symptom interpretation in a patient with COVID-19.,
2026,brain tumour,39295108,HIF-1α knockdown attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in ischemic stroke male rats via CXCR4/NF-κB pathway.,"Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a sensitive indicator of oxygen homeostasis, of which the expression elevates following hypoxia/ischemia. This study reveals the specific mechanisms underlying the effects of HIF-1α on ischemic stroke (IS)."
2027,brain tumour,39295101,Causal relationship between insomnia and thyroid disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.,"Some correlations between thyroid disorders and insomnia have been found in previous studies; however, the causal relationship between them is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between insomnia and five thyroid disorders (hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer)."
2028,brain tumour,39295085,Dose-dependent cranial irradiation associations with brain structures and neuropsychological outcomes in children with posterior fossa brain tumors.,"Posterior fossa irradiation with or without whole brain irradiation results in high doses of radiation to the thalamus, hippocampus, and putamen, structures critical to cognitive functioning. As a result, children with brain tumors treated with cranial irradiation (CRT) may experience significant cognitive late effects. We sought to determine the effect of radiation to those structures on neuropsychological outcome."
2029,brain tumour,39294715,Incidental finding of intramural splenic heterotopy in the colon mimicking subepithelial neoplasm: a case report.,The aim of this case report is describe an unprecedented case with histological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of splenic heterotopy in the colon using material obtained by endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy.
2030,brain tumour,39294363,Paediatric low-grade glioma: the role of classical pathology in integrated diagnostic practice.,"Low-grade gliomas are a cause of severe and often life-long disability in children. Pathology plays a key role in their management by establishing the diagnosis, excluding malignant alternatives, predicting outcomes and identifying targetable genetic alterations. Molecular diagnosis has reshaped the terrain of pathology, raising the question of what part traditional histology plays. In this review, we consider the classification and pathological diagnosis of low-grade gliomas and glioneuronal tumours in children by traditional histopathology enhanced by the opportunities afforded by access to comprehensive genetic and epigenetic characterisation."
2031,brain tumour,39293721,"A multi-institutional study to investigate the sparing effect after whole brain electron FLASH in mice: Reproducibility and temporal evolution of functional, electrophysiological, and neurogenic endpoints.","Ultra-high dose-rate radiotherapy (FLASH) has been shown to mitigate normal tissue toxicities associated with conventional dose rate radiotherapy (CONV) without compromising tumor killing in preclinical models. A prominent challenge in preclinical radiation research, including FLASH, is validating both the physical dosimetry and the biological effects across multiple institutions."
2032,brain tumour,39293720,Local control and toxicity after stereotactic radiotherapy in brain metastases patients and the impact of novel systemic treatments.,"Treatment modalities for patients with brain metastases consist of surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic treatments such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Although much is known about local control of brain metastases after radiotherapy and surgery alone, more understanding is needed of the additional effect of new systemic treatments. Our study presents real-world data about the combined effects of different local and systemic treatment strategies on local response of irradiated brain metastases."
2033,brain tumour,39293585,Orosomucoid 2 is an endogenous regulator of neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis and promotes functional recovery post-stroke.,"Development of functional recovery therapies is critical to reduce the global impact of stroke as the leading cause of long-term disability. Our previous studies found that acute-phase protein orosomucoid (ORM) could provide an up to 6 h therapeutic time window to reduce infarct volume in acute ischemic stroke by improving endothelial function. However, its role in neurons and functional recovery post-stroke remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that exogenous ORM administration with initial injection at 0.5 h (early) or 12 h (delayed) post-MCAO daily for consecutive 7 days significantly decreased infarct area, improved motor and cognitive functional recovery, and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis after MCAO. While neuron-specific knockout of ORM2, a dominant subtype of ORM in the brain, produced opposite effects which could be rescued by exogenous ORM. In vitro, exogenous ORM protected SH-SY5Y cells from OGD-induced damage and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis, while endogenous ORM2 deficiency worsened these processes. Mechanistically, inactivation of CCR5 or AMPK eliminated the protective effects of ORM on neuronal damage and mitochondrial biogenesis. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that ORM, mainly ORM2, is an endogenous regulator of neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis by activating CCR5/AMPK signaling pathway, and might act as a potential therapeutic target for the functional recovery post-stroke."
2034,brain tumour,39293549,Glutaminase 2 as a therapeutic target in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary adult brain tumor. Despite standard-of-care treatment, which consists of surgical resection, temozolomide (TMZ) treatment, and radiotherapy, the prognosis for GBM patients remains poor with a five-year survival rate of 5 %. With treatment, the median survival time is 14 months, suggesting the dire need for new, more effective therapies. Glutaminolysis, the metabolic pathway by which cells can convert glutamine to ATP, is essential for the survival of GBM cells and represents a putative target for treatment. Glutamine replenishes tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates through glutaminolysis. The first step of glutaminolysis, the deamination of glutamine, can be carried out by either glutaminase 1 (GLS) or glutaminase 2 (GLS2). However, it is becoming increasingly clear that these enzymes have opposing functions in GBM; GLS induces deamination of glutamine, thereby acting in an oncogenic fashion, while GLS2 has non-enzymatic, tumor-suppressive functions that are repressed in GBM. In this review, we explore the important role of glutaminolysis and the opposing roles of GLS and GLS2 in GBM. Further, we provide a detailed discussion of GLS2's newly discovered non-enzymatic functions that can be targeted in GBM. We conclude by considering therapeutic approaches that have emerged from the understanding of GLS and GLS2's opposing roles in GBM."
2035,brain tumour,39293411,EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Combined with Radiotherapy in 105 Patients of Lung Adenocarcinoma with Brain Metastasis: A Retrospective Study of Prognostic Factor Analysis.,"This study aimed to retrospectively analyse the response and prognosis factors for patients with lung adenocarcinoma exhibiting brain metastasis and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, who were treated with a combination of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and brain radiotherapy (RT)."
2036,brain tumour,39293227,Intravascular lymphoma: A diagnostic challenge for a treatable cause of rapidly progressive dementia.,"Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare hematological malignancy where its development in the intravascular environment is the main characteristic. Despite its ability to affect multiple organic systems, there is a tropism for the central nervous system, which may be related to several clinical syndromes, making this condition a great mimic and consequently a diagnostic challenge. Rapidly progressive dementia may be one of the presenting phenotypes of IVLBCL. This case report aims to highlight the main red flags, such as sustained elevation of lactate dehydrogenase, organomegaly and specific lesions with vasculitis-like bleeding, all that can be used as clinical clues to direct the differential diagnosis. In addition, it reinforces the role of early brain biopsy in this context, since IVLBCL is a treatable disease."
2037,brain tumour,39293224,Case report on an extremely rare type of ependymoma arising from the thigh.,"Ependymomas are neuroepithelial neoplasms of the central nervous system that arise from the precursor cells lining the ventricular system and the central canal of the spinal cord. Herein, we report a case of an extremely rare type of ependymoma arising from the thigh. Then, a literature review was performed."
2038,brain tumour,39293119,Effective action of silymarin against ketamine-induced schizophrenia in male mice: Insight into the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of action.,"Neurochemical dysregulations resulting from N-methyl-D-aspartate hypofunction (NMDA), are exacerbated by neuroimmune and oxidative stress and are known risk factors for neuropsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia-like diseases. Here, we investigate the protective and curative effects, and mechanisms of silymarin, a polyphenolic flavonoid with neuroprotective functions in preventive-reversal model of ketamine, an NMDA antagonist in mice."
2039,brain tumour,39292810,Lipid-Laden Macrophages Recycle Myelin to Feed Glioblastoma.,"Tumor-associated microglia and macrophages (TAM) make up the largest immune cell population in the glioblastoma (GBM) tumor microenvironment. Given the heterogeneity and plasticity of TAMs in the GBM tumor microenvironment, understanding the context-dependent cancer cell-TAM symbiotic interaction is crucial for understanding GBM biology and developing effective therapies. In a recent issue of Cell, Kloosterman and colleagues identified a subpopulation of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein Bhigh lipid-laden microglia and macrophages (LLM) in GBM. Mesenchymal-like GBM cells help generate the LLM phenotype. Reciprocally, LLMs are epigenetically rewired to recycle myelin and transfer the lipid from myelin to cancer cells, fueling mesenchymal-like GBM progression in a liver X receptor/ABCA1-dependent manner. Together, leveraging LLMs opens new therapeutic possibilities for rewiring the metabolism-mediated tumor-TAM interaction during GBM progression."
2040,brain tumour,39292746,The p53 target DRAM1 modulates calcium homeostasis and ER stress by promoting contact between lysosomes and the ER through STIM1.,"It is well established that DNA Damage Regulated Autophagy Modulator 1 (DRAM1), a lysosomal protein and a target of p53, participates in autophagy. The cellular functions of DRAM1 beyond autophagy remain elusive. Here, we show p53-dependent upregulation of DRAM1 in mitochondrial damage-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) models and exacerbation of disease phenotypes by DRAM1. We find that the lysosomal location of DRAM1 relies on its intact structure including the cytosol-facing C-terminal domain. Excess DRAM1 disrupts endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structure, triggers ER stress, and induces protective ER-phagy. Mechanistically, DRAM1 interacts with stromal interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) to tether lysosomes to the ER and perturb STIM1 function in maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis. STIM1 overexpression promotes cellular health by restoring calcium homeostasis, ER stress response, ER-phagy, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) signaling in cells with excess DRAM1. Thus, by promoting organelle contact between lysosomes and the ER, DRAM1 modulates ER structure and function and cell survival under stress. Our results suggest that DRAM1 as a lysosomal protein performs diverse roles in cellular homeostasis and stress response. These findings may have significant implications for our understanding of the role of the p53/DRAM1 axis in human diseases, from cancer to neurodegenerative diseases."
2041,brain tumour,39292398,Surgical indication and management of obstructive colonic metastasis from primary lung adenocarcinoma: report of a case and review of the literature.,"Colonic metastasis from lung cancer is very rare and is typically associated with poor prognosis. Herein, we report the case of a patient who achieved intermediate-term survival using a multimodal treatment approach, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical resection for obstructive colonic metastasis from primary lung adenocarcinoma."
2042,brain tumour,39292365,Understanding treatment preferences and cognitive outcomes in patients with gliomas.,Understanding how glioma patients value cognitive outcomes is essential to personalizing their treatment plans. The purpose of this study was to identify the modifiable cognitive functions most affected by treatment and most important to patient quality of life.
2043,brain tumour,39292335,Dietary Recommendations for Glioma: A Mini-Review.,"Glioma is the most common type of brain cancer, associated with a high mortality rate. Diet is one of the most modifiable factors that can influence the risk of various cancers, including glioma. While the relationship between diet and glioma has been explored in recent years, the number of studies in this area remains limited, and the findings are often controversial. Moreover, all existing studies are observational, which means they may be influenced by a range of confounding variables. In this mini-review, we aim to provide a comprehensive and informative overview of the dietary recommendations related to glioma that have been published to date."
2044,brain tumour,39292231,Synchronous intracranial arteriovenous malformation and papillary glioneuronal tumour: hypothesis or reality?,"Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) rarely occur with spatial and/or temporal co-localisation to intracranial neoplasms. Most prior reports describe this association with high-grade gliomas; however, reports of a co-occurrence with low grade gliomas are very rare. It is unclear whether such cases represent a true co-occurrence of separate pathologies or simply an unusually vascular phenotype of the neoplasm. Most such reports pre-date the era of molecularly defined gliomas. We present the first report of the spatial and temporal co-occurrence of an intracranial arteriovenous malformation traversing and within a papillary glioneuronal tumour, molecularly defined by the presence of SLC44A1::PRKCA fusion. This case was successfully managed by resection of both lesions adhering to the principles of AVM surgery. It is possible these exceptionally rare co-occurrences may have common underlying molecular drivers relating to the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway."
2045,brain tumour,39292165,Protocol digest of a phase III randomized trial of gross total resection versus possible resection of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery-hyperintense lesion on MRI for newly diagnosed supratentorial glioblastoma: JCOG2209 (FLAMINGO).,"The goal of surgery for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) is maximum safe resection of the contrast-enhancing (CE) lesion on magnetic resonance imaging. However, there is no consensus on the efficacy of FLAIRectomy, which is defined as the possible resection of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)-hyperintense lesions surrounding the CE lesion. Although retrospective analyses suggested the potential benefits of FLAIRectomy, such outcomes have not been confirmed by prospective studies. Therefore, we planned a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled phase III trial to evaluate the efficacy of FLAIRectomy compared with gross total resection of CE lesions in patients with newly diagnosed GBM. The primary endpoint is overall survival. In total, 130 patients will be enrolled from 47 institutions over 5 years. This trial has been registered at the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (study number jRCT1031230245)."
2046,brain tumour,39290874,Segmentation of pre- and posttreatment diffuse glioma tissue subregions including resection cavities.,Evaluating longitudinal changes in gliomas is a time-intensive process with significant interrater variability. Automated segmentation could reduce interrater variability and increase workflow efficiency for assessment of treatment response. We sought to evaluate whether neural networks would be comparable to expert assessment of pre- and posttreatment diffuse gliomas tissue subregions including resection cavities.
2047,brain tumour,39290827,Evaluation of glial tumors: correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological analysis.,"To determine the correlation of conventional and diffusion-weighted imaging findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, based on Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images (VASARI) criteria, with the histopathological grading of gliomas: low-grade or high-grade."
2048,brain tumour,39290478,Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized to Community Hospitals With Malignant Brain Tumors and Factors Associated With Discharge Destination.,Our main objective was to compare the characteristics and hospital outcomes of patients with primary and metastatic brain malignancies and to investigate the associated factors related to hospital outcomes.
2049,brain tumour,39290344,Oxyresveratrol reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and oxidative stress through inactivation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling in brain endothelial cells.,"Inflammatory responses and oxidative stress damage the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is a primary pathological modulator of neurodegenerative diseases. Brain endothelial cells are crucial components of BBB. In the present study, the effect of oxyresveratrol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced brain endothelial (bEnd.3) cells was assessed. Our results showed that oxyresveratrol diminished protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and adhesion molecules including intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), nitric oxide (NO) production, and proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in LPS-elicited bEnd.3 cells. These anti-inflammatory effects were mediated through suppressing nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. In addition, we found that oxyresveratrol reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. To conclude, the current results demonstrated the protective role of oxyresveratrol against LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in bEnd.3 cells, suggesting its potential effect for mitigating neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases."
2050,brain tumour,39290244,Impact of lung adenocarcinoma subtypes on survival and timing of brain metastases.,"Lung cancer is a devastating disease, with brain metastasis being one of the most common distant metastases of lung adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic characteristics of individuals with brain metastases originating from invasive lung adenocarcinoma of distinct pathological subtypes, providing a reference for the management of these patients."
2051,brain tumour,39290194,"Retracted: Long Non-Coding RNA Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 (PVT1) Enhances Proliferation, Migration, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of Pituitary Adenoma Cells by Activating β-Catenin, c-Myc, and Cyclin D1 Expression.","The Editors of Medical Science Monitor wish to inform you that the above manuscript has been retracted from publication due to concerns with the credibility and originality of the study, the manuscript content, and the Figure images. Reference: Yihua Zhang, Yang Tan, Hao Wang, Minhui Xu, Lunshan Xu. Long Non-Coding RNA Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 (PVT1) Enhances Proliferation, Migration, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of Pituitary Adenoma Cells by Activating ß-Catenin, c-Myc, and Cyclin D1 Expression. Med Sci Monit, 2019; 25: 7652-7659. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.917110."
2052,brain tumour,39289477,A randomized proof-of-mechanism trial of TNF antagonism for motivational deficits and related corticostriatal circuitry in depressed patients with high inflammation.,"Chronic, low-grade inflammation has been associated with motivational deficits in patients with major depression (MD). In turn, impaired motivation has been linked to poor quality of life across psychiatric disorders. We thus determined effects of the anti-inflammatory drug infliximab-a potent tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist-on behavioral and neural measures of motivation in 42 medically stable, unmedicated MD patients with a C-reactive protein >3 mg/L. All patients underwent a double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose, randomized clinical trial with infliximab (5 mg/kg) versus placebo. Behavioral performance on an effort-based decision-making task, self-report questionnaires, and neural responses during event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging were assessed at baseline and 2 weeks following infusion. We found that relative to placebo, patients receiving infliximab were more willing to expend effort for rewards. Moreover, increase in effortful choices was associated with reduced TNF signaling as indexed by decreased soluble TNF receptor type 2 (sTNFR2). Changes in effort-based decision-making and sTNFR2 were also associated with changes in task-related activity in a network of brain areas, including dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), ventral striatum, and putamen, as well as the functional connectivity between these regions. Changes in sTNFR2 also mediated the relationships between drug condition and behavioral and neuroimaging measures. Finally, changes in self-reported anhedonia symptoms and effort-discounting behavior were associated with greater responses of an independently validated whole-brain predictive model (aka ""neural signature"") sensitive to monetary rewards. Taken together, these data support the use of anti-inflammatory treatment to improve effort-based decision-making and associated brain circuitry in depressed patients with high inflammation."
2053,brain tumour,39289405,Longitudinal deep neural networks for assessing metastatic brain cancer on a large open benchmark.,"The detection and tracking of metastatic cancer over the lifetime of a patient remains a major challenge in clinical trials and real-world care. Advances in deep learning combined with massive datasets may enable the development of tools that can address this challenge. We present NYUMets-Brain, the world's largest, longitudinal, real-world dataset of cancer consisting of the imaging, clinical follow-up, and medical management of 1,429 patients. Using this dataset we developed Segmentation-Through-Time, a deep neural network which explicitly utilizes the longitudinal structure of the data and obtained state-of-the-art results at small (<10 mm"
2054,brain tumour,39289395,Evaluating segment anything model (SAM) on MRI scans of brain tumors.,"Addressing the challenge of automatically segmenting anatomical structures from brain images has been a long-standing problem, attributed to subject- and image-based variations and constraints in available data annotations. The Segment Anything Model (SAM), developed by Meta, is a foundational model trained to provide zero-shot segmentation outputs with or without interactive user inputs, demonstrating notable performance on various objects and image domains without explicit prior training. This study evaluated SAM's performance in brain tumor segmentation using two publicly available Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) datasets. The study analyzed SAM's standalone segmentation as well as its performance when provided user interaction through point prompts and bounding box inputs. SAM exhibited versatility across configurations and datasets, with the bounding box consistently outperforming others in achieving superior localized precision, with average Dice scores of 0.68 for TCGA and 0.56 for BRATS, along with average IoU values of 0.89 and 0.65, respectively, especially for tumors with low-to-medium curvature. Inconsistencies were observed, particularly in relation to variations in tumor size, shape, and textural features. The conclusion drawn from the study is that while SAM can automate medical image segmentation, further training and careful implementation are necessary for diagnostic purposes, especially with challenging cases such as MRI scans of brain tumors."
2055,brain tumour,39289313,Real-World Primary Resistance to First-Line Immune-Based Combinations in Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (ARON-1).,"Therapeutic advancements based on immuno-oncology combinations have revolutionized the management of patients with renal cell carcinoma. However, patients who have progressive disease as the best response, ""primary refractory"" (P"
2056,brain tumour,39289197,Temporal PLGG and epilepsy.,"Temporal lobe epilepsy in children is often secondary to various low-grade glial and glioneural tumors and rarely secondary to mesial temporal sclerosis. Despite the benign nature, tumor-associated TLE in children often becomes refractory over time. Abundant literature has shown the significant advantage of tumor resection compared to conservative treatment, in achieving seizure control, as well as the rates of antiseizure medication reduction. Despite these advantages, several considerations are to be related to when considering surgery. These include the impact of surgery on linguistic and neurocognitive development, especially at the younger age; the extent of resection and the role of ECoG; and the need for mesial temporal resection. Over recent years, traditional resection has been complemented with newer treatment options such as laser ablation and biological treatment, and these should be taken into account depending on the exact location and the ability to perform extensive resection in eloquent regions. In this overview manuscript, we discuss the various considerations treating tumor-associated pediatric temporal epilepsy."
2057,brain tumour,39289188,Is the voltage-gated sodium channel β3 subunit (SCN3B) a biomarker for glioma?,"Recent studies suggest a need for reliable biomarkers enhancing prognosis prediction and treatment strategies in cancer. Here, we performed a data analysis bearing on the expression of SCN3B, voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) β3 subunit, as a possible candidate for the development of a glioma biomarker for the first time. This extends our previous review article that mentioned the potential of SCN3B as a prognostic biomarker for glioma survival, further examining its association with existing indicators and immune responses. We utilized clinical and genomic data from multiple glioma cohorts. These include the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). We employed analytical techniques including time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, decision curves analysis (DCA), and correlation studies with immune checkpoint markers. Our findings indicate a differential SCN3B expression between glioma grades, and that this significantly correlates with patient survival, particularly in oligodendroglioma subtypes. The DCA curves suggested that the inclusion of SCN3B in the prognostic model would improve decision-making in these subtypes. Moreover, SCN3B expression positively correlated with the presence of key immune cells and negatively correlated with several immune checkpoint inhibitors. This suggests potential roles in modulating immune responses in glioma. Thus, SCN3B emerges as a promising potential prognostic biomarker for glioma, especially for oligodendroglioma. Its dual correlations with prognosis and immune regulation present a compelling case for further experimental and clinical investigations to establish its utility in enhancing glioma management strategies. These findings underscore the importance of integrating novel biomarkers with traditional prognostic models to refine treatment paradigms and improve patient outcomes."
2058,brain tumour,39289138,CAR T-cell-associated neurotoxicity: A comprehensive review.,"Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapies have emerged as a promising treatment modality for several malignancies, particularly haematological malignancies, by inducing robust antitumour responses. However, CAR T-cell therapies are associated with a spectrum of adverse events, including neurological complications. We here provide a review of neurological adverse events observed in patients undergoing CAR T-cell therapy, focusing on their incidence, clinical manifestations, underlying mechanisms and potential management strategies."
2059,brain tumour,39289137,40 years of autoantibody research in paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.,"Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNS) are a group of disorders that affect the central and the peripheral nervous system and frequently occur in patients with cancer which usually still is undiagnosed by the time the patient presents the first neurological manifestations. The discovery in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of PNS patients of antibodies that target tumor antigens that also are normally expressed in the nervous system had a significant impact. First, the research on neuronal antibodies confirmed that most PNS are autoimmune disorders triggered by the underlying cancer supporting the use of immunotherapy to treat them; second, although the first antibodies described recognized intracellular neuronal antigens and therefore they were not pathogenic, these antibodies became robust biomarkers for the strict diagnosis of PNS; and third, the methodological approach used to characterize the first neuronal antibodies paved the way to the identification of antibodies against neuronal surface antigens that are pathogenic and responsible for some PNS and non-paraneoplastic encephalitis. Future studies should address several issues: (1) to improve the efficiency of commercial kits; (2) to provide strict criteria to select which neural antibodies should be used for the diagnosis of PNS; and (3) define in more detail the autoimmune mechanisms responsible for the brain injury in the PNS."
2060,brain tumour,39289038,Exosomal miR-142-3p from M1-polarized macrophages suppresses cell growth and immune escape in glioblastoma through regulating HMGB1-mediated PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most prevalent cancerous brain tumors. Former studies have reported that exosomes derived from M1-polarized macrophages (M1 exosomes) inhibit tumor occurrence and development through delivery of tumor suppressor genes. Also, microRNA-142-3p (miR-142-3p) has been verified to function as a tumor suppressor. GBM cell proliferation was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation assay and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay; cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Mechanism investigations were conducted for analyzing the molecular mechanism by which miR-142-3p and M1 exosomes affect GBM progression. Upregulation of miR-142-3p expression was detected in M1-polarized macrophages and M1 exosomes. M1 exosomes inhibit GBM cell proliferation and trigger cell apoptosis. Functionally, miR-142-3p silencing promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of GBM cells treated with M1 exosomes. As for molecular mechanism, miR-142-3p inhibits GBM cell growth via targeting high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). In addition, miR-142-3p/HMGB1 axis affects GBM cell immune escape through modulation of programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) checkpoint. Our study demonstrated that exosomal miR-142-3p from M1-polarized macrophages suppresses cell growth and immune escape in GBM through regulating HMGB1-mediated PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint."
2061,brain tumour,39288695,SOX4 promotes vascular abnormality in glioblastoma and is a novel target to improve drug delivery.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults with dismal prognosis. Vascular abnormality is a hallmark of GBM, and aggravates diseases progression by increasing hypoxia, inducing life-threaten edema and hindering drug delivery. Nonetheless, the intricate mechanism underlying vascular abnormality remains inadequately understood. Here, we revealed a key role of SOX4 on vascular abnormality in GBM. SOX4 expression was increased in endothelial cells (ECs) from human brain tumors compared with ECs from paired normal brain tissue. Knockdown of SOX4 in mouse brain ECs restrained cell migration and proliferation. Furthermore, in vitro suppression of SOX4 in brain ECs and in vivo conditional knockout of SOX4 in tumor ECs led to the downregulation of genes linked with vascular abnormality. Notably, specific depletion of SOX4 in ECs enhanced drug delivery and sensitive tumor to chemotherapeutic drugs in GBM. Taken together, these results demonstrated that SOX4 is a novel regulator for tumor angiogenesis and vascular abnormality in GBM. Our findings identify SOX4 as a potential vascular therapeutic target to improve drug delivery for GBM treatment."
2062,brain tumour,39288597,Targeted degradation of METTL3 against acute myeloid leukemia and gastric cancer.,"Accumulating evidence reveals the oncogenic role of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) in a variety of cancers, either dependent or independent of its m"
2063,brain tumour,39288025,"Quantitative tissue analysis reveals AK2, COL1A1, & PLG protein signatures: Targeted therapeutics for meningioma.","Meningioma is the most prevalent primary intracranial brain tumor and accounts for one-third of all CNS tumors. Meningioma is known to be the most common yet life-threatening brain tumor with a higher recurrence rate. Globally, there is an increase in the healthcare burden due to meningioma and hence in its research. The present clinical approach includes surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapies to which the malignancy does not seem to respond efficiently. Targeted therapies and molecular markers provide elite patient treatment and care for individuals suffering from meningiomas as compared to conventional measures. Although there is proteomic data on meningioma the knowledge of potential biomarkers differentiating the grades is scarce. To identify the best set of biomarkers, validation of reported markers in large and independent sample cohorts in the future is necessary."
2064,brain tumour,39287856,Reappraisal of Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity.,"Chronic low-grade inflammation is a central component in the pathogenesis of obesity-related expansion of adipose tissue and complications in other metabolic tissues. Five different signaling pathways are defined as dominant determinants of adipose tissue inflammation: These are increased circulating endotoxin due to dysregulation in the microbiota-gut-brain axis, systemic oxidative stress, macrophage accumulation, and adipocyte death. Finally, the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD) leucine-rich repeat family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway is noted to be a key regulator of metabolic inflammation. The NLRP3 inflammasome and associated metabolic inflammation play an important role in the relationships among fatty acids and obesity. Several highly active molecules, including primarily leptin, resistin, adiponectin, visfatin, and classical cytokines, are abundantly released from adipocytes. The most important cytokines that are released by inflammatory cells infiltrating obese adipose tissue are tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) (CCL-2), and IL-1. All these molecules mentioned above act on immune cells, causing local and then general inflammation. Three metabolic pathways are noteworthy in the development of adipose tissue inflammation: toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase (PI3K)/Protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-derived unfolded protein response (UPR), and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase beta (IKKβ)-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. In fact, adipose tissue inflammation is an adaptive response that contributes to a visceral depot barrier that effectively filters gut-derived endotoxin. Excessive fatty acid release worsens adipose tissue inflammation and contributes to insulin resistance. However, suppression of adipose inflammation in obesity with anti-inflammatory drugs is not a rational solution and paradoxically promotes insulin resistance, despite beneficial effects on weight gain. Inflammatory pathways in adipocytes are indeed indispensable for maintaining systemic insulin sensitivity. Cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) is important in obesity-induced pro-inflammatory response; however, blockade of CB1R, contrary to anti-inflammatory drugs, breaks the links between insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation. Obesity, however, could be decreased by improving leptin signaling, white adipose tissue browning, gut microbiota interactions, and alleviating inflammation. Furthermore, capsaicin synthesized by chilies is thought to be a new and promising therapeutic option in obesity, as it prevents metabolic endotoxemia and systemic chronic low-grade inflammation caused by high-fat diet."
2065,brain tumour,39287807,Pediatric Brainstem Tumor Biopsy: Surgical Planning and Execution for Maximal Safety and Tissue Yield.,"Brainstem tumors account for 10-20% of pediatric brain tumors with a peak age of diagnosis between 7 and 9 years old and are often fatal. Historically, diagnosis of brainstem tumors has been largely based on imaging; however, recent studies have demonstrated the incongruities between preoperative MRI diagnosis and postoperative pathological findings highlighting the importance of brainstem biopsy for diagnostic accuracy. Stereotactic brainstem biopsy for pediatric brainstem tumors has been proven to be safe with a high diagnostic yield (96.1-97.4%) and relatively low morbidity and mortality. Successful pediatric brainstem tumor biopsy demands intricate knowledge of brainstem anatomy, cranial nerves and vasculature, and common pediatric brainstem tumors by the performing surgeon. Additionally, understanding of the surgical indications and techniques (e.g., frame-based versus frameless, robotic assistance, surgical approach, and targets selection) helps to ensure maximal safety and tissue yield. Pediatric brainstem biopsy permits histological conformation of brainstem lesions leading to accurate diagnosis and the potential for personalized treatment and future therapeutic research."
2066,brain tumour,39287806,Direct Administration of Chemotherapy and Other Agents into the Fourth Ventricle to Treat Recurrent Malignant Brain Tumors in Children.,"Direct administration of chemotherapy and other agents into the fourth ventricle of the brain is a novel approach to treating recurrent malignant posterior fossa brain tumors in children. Candidates for this treatment approach include patients with recurrent medulloblastoma, ependymoma, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, and potentially other neoplasms that originate in the fourth ventricle or elsewhere in the posterior fossa. In this chapter, the authors first explain the rationale for considering fourth ventricular drug infusions in patients with recurrent malignant posterior fossa tumors. We then summarize the results of translational experiments conducted in piglets and non-human primates that demonstrated safety and favorable pharmacokinetics. These translational experiments led to several pilot human clinical trials, and the results of these trials are reviewed. Finally, currently open clinical trials testing infusion of various agents into the fourth ventricle are discussed, and thoughts about potential future directions are shared."
2067,brain tumour,39287805,Supratentorial and Infratentorial Ependymoma.,"Ependymomas are the third most common intracranial tumor in children, presenting in both the supratentorial and infratentorial compartments. They may present in infants, young children, and adolescents with symptoms depending on size, location, and the age of the patient. The ideal imaging for evaluation and treatment is MRI. This is crucial for preoperative evaluation and planning, as well as postoperative assessment and evaluating the efficacy of treatment. Essentially without exception, aggressive surgery aimed at complete resection is the initial and most important factor in the long-term outcome of all these children. Histopathologic diagnosis for intracranial pediatric ependymoma has been narrowed to grade II and grade III, no longer characterized as classic and anaplastic. Subsequent conformal photon or proton beam irradiation is an established post-surgical therapy, with solid evidence that it benefits survival and offers lower toxicity to the normal brain of the young child. Although chemotherapeutic treatment has not been generally impactful, immunotherapeutic interventions may be on the horizon. Updated molecular subgrouping of ependymoma is changing the post-resection approach of these tumors with regard to both treatment and outcome. Excluding spinal ependymoma and subependymoma, there are four subtypes that are defined by genetic characteristics, two found in the supratentorial compartment, ST-EPN-YAP1 and ST-EPN-ZFTA, and two in the posterior fossa, PF-EPN-A and PF-EPN-B. Younger children harboring ZFTA fusion-positive supratentorial and type A posterior fossa tumors, regardless of histology, tend toward the poorest outcomes. On the contrary, older children with supratentorial YAP1 fusion-positive ependymomas and type B posterior fossa tumors may survive with surgery alone. The paradigm shift regarding the behavior of the various childhood ependymoma subtypes will hopefully lead to targeted, individualized therapies and improved outcomes."
2068,brain tumour,39287804,Endoneurosurgical Resection of Parenchymal and Intraventricular Lesions Using Tubular Retraction System.,"Endoscopic surgery has emerged in the recent years as an alternative to the conventional microsurgical approaches for removal of the deep-seated brain and intraventricular tumors. Endoport has enhanced the tumor access and visualization without any significant brain retraction. In this chapter, we describe the surgical technique of the endoscopic excision of the deep-seated intra-axial brain tumors using tubular retraction system with review of the literature."
2069,brain tumour,39287803,Endonasal Route for Tuberculum and Planum Meningiomas.,"Tuberculum and planum meningiomas are challenging tumors per their critical location and neurovascular relationships. The standard treatment is usually represented by complete tumor removal, being the transcranial approaches the well-established routes. During the last decades, novel surgical routes have been experimented with emphasis on the concept of minimal invasive approaches. The peculiar perspective from below the endoscopic endonasal approach provides a short and direct access avoiding brain and neurovascular structures manipulation, featuring excellent outcomes and a reduced morbidity. Ideal indications are small or medium size midline meningiomas, with wide tuberculum sellae angle and deep sella at the sphenoid sinus, possibly with no optic nerve and/or vessels encasement. Adequate removal of paranasal structures and extended bony opening over the dural attachment provide a wide surgical corridor ensuring safe intradural exposure at the suprasellar area. The main advantage is related to early decompression of the optic apparatus and reduced manipulation of subchiasmatic perforating vessels, with improved visual outcomes. Direct exposure of the inferomedial aspect of the optic canals allows for maximal decompression in cases of tumor extending within. Transcranial approaches tend to be selected for larger tumors with lateral extension beyond optic nerves and supraclinoid carotid arteries, in inaccessible areas from an endonasal corridor."
2070,brain tumour,39287800,Operative Adjuncts in Pediatric Brain Tumor Surgery with a Focus on Suprasellar Tumors.,"The primary objective of surgery for brain tumor resection has always been maximizing safe resection while minimizing the risk to normal brain tissue. Technological advances applied in the operating room help surgeons to achieve this objective. This chapter discusses specific tools and approaches in the operating environment that target safe surgery for brain tumors in children, with a focus on pathologies in the sellar/suprasellar region. Particular focus is given to tools that help with safe patient positioning; intraoperative imaging modalities; and chemical visualization adjuncts. Both static (preoperative images used for neuronavigation) and dynamic (images updated during the procedure) intraoperative imaging modalities are discussed. There is further overview of operative rehearsal and preparation strategies, which are rapidly evolving as virtual reality systems become more commonplace. While the rapid evolution of intraoperative adjuncts in neurosurgery means the status of a given technology as novel is quite transient, this chapter offers a snapshot of the current state of advanced intraoperative tools for pediatric brain tumor surgery."
2071,brain tumour,39287799,Multimodality Structural and Functional Monitoring in Brain Tumor Surgery: The Role of IONM and IOUS.,"Brain tumor surgery represents the pinnacle of technical and technological advances in the neurosurgery. The goal remains optimized extent of resection with preservation of neurological function. The benefit of a multimodal structural and functional intra-operative monitoring approach is to improve the ability of the surgeon to achieve the goal of optimized surgical resection. Despite significant technological advances, challenges in defining tumor and functional neural tissue interface remain a significant barrier. The opportunity to address this challenge, however, presents us with an exciting path ahead."
2072,brain tumour,39287692,Risk factors for cancer-related cognitive impairment among individuals with lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) exerts a negative impact on the quality of life in lung cancer survivors. Risk factors for CRCI in lung cancer patients remain unclear.This study aimed to identify risk factors for CRCI in lung cancer patients.
2073,brain tumour,39287499,Biomimetic Nanosensitizer Potentiates Efficient Glioblastoma Gene-Radiotherapy through Synergistic Hypoxia Mitigation and PLK1 Silencing.,"Postoperative radiotherapy currently stands as the cornerstone of glioblastoma (GBM) treatment. Nevertheless, low-dose radiotherapy has been proven ineffective for GBM, due to hypoxia in the GBM microenvironment, which renders the resistance to radiation-induced cell death. Moreover, the overexpression of the PLK1 gene in glioma cells enhances GBM proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to radiation. This study introduced a hybrid membrane-camouflaged biomimetic lipid nanosensitizer (CNL@miPA), which efficiently encapsulated gold nanoclusters (PA) and miR-593-5p by a chimeric membrane derived from lipids, cancer cells, and natural killer cells. CNL@miPA exhibited exceptional blood-brain barrier and tumor tissue penetration, effectively ameliorating hypoxia and synergizing with radiotherapy. By enabling prolonged miRNA circulation in the bloodstream and achieving high enrichment at the tumor site, CNL@miPA significantly suppressed tumor growth in combination treatment, thereby significantly extending the survival period of treated mice. Overall, the developed biomimetic nanosensitizer represented an efficient and multifunctional targeted delivery system, offering a novel strategy for gene-radiotherapy of GBM."
2074,brain tumour,39287371,Reducing treatment time for robotic radiosurgery by considering path efficiency during node selection.,"Robotic radiosurgery treatments allow for precise non-coplanar beam delivery by utilizing a robot equipped with a linac that traverses through a set of predetermined nodes. High quality treatment plans can be produced but treatment times can grow large, with one substantial component being the robot traversal time."
2075,brain tumour,39287342,[Not Available].,"The grading of glial tumors is based on morphological and sometimes on molecular features. Many markers have been assessed in order to grade the glial tumours without a real consensus. Some authors reported that SRSF1, a spiling factor, presents an expression correlated to the tumours grades."
2076,brain tumour,39287282,Post-craniopharyngioma surgery hypocalcemia due to denosumab use for osteoporosis: A case report.,"Denosumab, a fully humanized IgG monoclonal antibody, is commonly employed in the management of different types of osteoporosis. Up to now, hypocalcemia linked with denosumab has been predominantly reported in dialysis patients suffering from chronic kidney disease. Interestingly, there have been no reports of hypocalcemia following craniopharyngioma surgery with the use of denosumab."
2077,brain tumour,39287188,Biocatalytic Clusterzyme Patches Restore Lung Function via Immunomodulation and Mitochondria Protection.,"Currently, pulmonary complications such as lung infections during the perioperative period are still the main cause of prolonged hospitalization and death in patients with lung injury due to the lack of effective drugs. Clusterzyme, a kind of artificial enzyme with a high enzyme-like activity and safety profile, exhibits good effects on reducing oxidative stress and immunomodulation. Here, we present the functionalized patches that is administered on the lung airways and rescues the injured organ via clusterzymes. The long-term antioxidant capacity of the patches significantly ameliorated lipopolysaccharide-induced lung function impairment with a significant reduction in lung goblet cell metaplasia and oxidative stress. The inflammatory factors such as cytokines interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels decreased by 50%, while the mtDNA copy number increased by 50% and ATP production increased by 100%. Mice lung function was significantly improved, suggesting that the patches can rescue lung injury by modulating oxidative stress and immune responses as well as protecting the mitochondria, providing an avenue for effective intervention of lung injury."
2078,brain tumour,39287164,Laser speckle contrast imaging of perfusion in oncological clinical applications: a literature review.,"Laser speckle coherence imaging (LSCI) is an emerging imaging modality that enables noninvasive visualization and assessment of tissue perfusion and microcirculation. In this article, we evaluated LSCI in imaging perfusion in clinical oncology through a systematic review of the literature."
2079,brain tumour,39286881,Peptide-functionalized gold nanoparticles for boron neutron capture therapy with the potential to use in Glioblastoma treatment.,"Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive glioma with limited treatment options. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) offers a promising approach for refractory cancers, utilizing boron-10 ("
2080,brain tumour,39286657,Cancer-associated fibroblasts derived fibronectin extra domain A promotes sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by activating SHMT1.,"Resistance to sorafenib, an effective first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), greatly compromised the prognosis of patients. The extracellular matrix is one of the most abundant components of the tumor microenvironment. Beyond acting as a physical barrier, it remains unclear whether cell interactions and signal transduction mediated by the extracellular matrix contribute to sorafenib resistance. With the analysis of primary HCC organoid RNA-seq data combined with "
2081,brain tumour,39286383,Stage IV non-small cell lung cancer with multiple metastases to the small intestine leading to intussusception: A case report.,"Gastrointestinal tract metastasis from lung cancer is rare and compared to small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-SCLC (NSCLC) is even less likely to metastasize in this manner. Additionally, small intestinal tumors can also present with diverse complications, some of which require urgent intervention."
2082,brain tumour,39286116,Nuclear translocation of nucleotide enzyme Phosphoglucomutase 2 governs DNA damage response and anti-tumor immunity.,"Targeting nucleotide enzymes emerges as a promising avenue for impeding tumor proliferation and fortifying anti-tumor immunogenicity. The non-canonical role of nucleotide enzymes remains poorly understood. In this study, we have identified that Phosphoglucomutase 2 (PGM2) rapidly accumulates at the DNA damage site to govern the DNA damage response mediated by the phosphorylation at Serine 165 and by forming a complex with Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2). Silencing PGM2 in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) cells heightens DNA damage in vitro and enhances the sensitivity of temozolomide (TMZ) treatment by activating anti-tumor immunity in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of ROCK2 synergistically complements TMZ treatment and pembrolizumab (PD-L1) checkpoint immunotherapy, augmenting anti-tumor immunity. This study reveals the non-canonical role of the nucleotide enzyme PGM2 in the regulation of DNA damage response and anti-tumor immunity, with implications for the development of therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment."
2083,brain tumour,39286083,Combination of microRNA and suicide gene for targeting Glioblastoma: Inducing apoptosis and significantly suppressing tumor growth in vivo.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), a grade IV brain tumor, presents a severe challenge in treatment and eradication due to its high genetic variability and the existence of stem-like cells with self-renewal potential. Conventional therapies fall short of preventing recurrence and fail to extend the median survival of patients significantly. However, the emergence of gene therapy, which has recently obtained significant clinical outcomes, brings hope. It has the potential to be a suitable strategy for the treatment of GBM. Notably, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been noticed as critical players in the development and progress of GBM. The combined usage of hsa-miR-34a and Cytosine Deaminase (CD) suicide gene and 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) prodrug caused cytotoxicity against U87MG Glioma cells "
2084,brain tumour,39285923,Preparation of transferrin-targeted temozolomide nano-micelles and their anti-glioma effect.,"This study aims to develop brain-targeted temozolomide (TMZ) nanograins using the biodegradable polymer material PEG-PLA as a carrier. The model drug TMZ was encapsulated within the polymer using targeted nanotechnology. Key characteristics such as appearance, particle size, size distribution, drug loading capacity, "
2085,brain tumour,39285908,Snake venom bioprospecting as an approach to finding potential anti-glioblastoma molecules.,"Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common type of malignant tumor of the central nervous system, responsible for significant morbidity and with a 5-year overall relative survival of only 6.8%. Without advances in treatment in the last twenty years, the standard of care continues to be maximum safe resection, Temozolomide (TMZ), and radiotherapy. Many new trials are ongoing, and despite showing increased progression-free survival, these trials did not improve overall survival. They did not consider the adverse effects of these therapies. Therefore, an increasing number of bioprospecting studies have used snake venom molecules to search for new strategies to attack GB selectively without producing side effects. The present review aims to describe GB characteristics and current and new approaches for treatment considering their side effects. Besides, we focused on the antitumoral activity of snake venom proteins from the Viperidae family against GB, exploring the potential for drug design based on "
2086,brain tumour,39285629,EGDP based feature extraction and deep convolutional belief network for brain tumor detection using MRI image.,"This research presents a novel deep learning framework for MRI-based brain tumour (BT) detection. The input brain MRI image is first acquired from the dataset. Once the images have been obtained, they are passed to an image preprocessing step where a median filter is used to eliminate noise and artefacts from the input image. The tumour-tumour region segmentation module receives the denoised image and it uses RP-Net to segment the BT region. Following that, in order to prevent overfitting, image augmentation is carried out utilizing methods including rotating, flipping, shifting, and colour augmentation. Later, the augmented image is forwarded to the feature extraction phase, wherein features like GLCM and proposed EGDP formulated by including entropy with GDP are extracted. Finally, based on the extracted features, BT detection is accomplished based on the proposed deep convolutional belief network (DCvB-Net), which is formulated using the deep convolutional neural network and deep belief network.The devised DCvB-Net for BT detection is investigated for its performance concerning true negative rate, accuracy, and true positive rate is established to have acquired values of 93%, 92.3%, and 93.1% correspondingly."
2087,brain tumour,39285584,Long-term progression-free survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients: a spotlight on bevacizumab and its biosimilars.,"In the era of immunotherapy, bevacizumab seems to be losing its place in NSCLC treatment algorithms. The aim of this work is to try to define the advantages and disadvantages of NSCLC treatment with bevacizumab in combination regimens."
2088,brain tumour,39285557,[Endoscopic Approaches in Skull Base Surgery].,"Endoscopy offers access to a clear, wide surgical field in deep-brain areas. In recent years, opportunities for the use of endoscopy in endonasal or small keyhole approaches have been increasing. However, ascertaining the tumor-specific suitability of endoscopic surgery remains unclear. In this article, we introduce the general concept of endoscopic surgery for skull base tumors. The optimal goal for all types of skull base surgeries is maximum tumor removal with preservation of function. Therefore, it is important to understand the benefits and limitations of various endoscopic approaches for the skull base."
2089,brain tumour,39285364,The application value of support vector machine model based on multimodal MRI in predicting IDH-1mutation and Ki-67 expression in glioma.,"To investigate the application value of support vector machine (SVM) model based on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) and amide proton transfer- weighted (APTW) imaging in predicting isocitrate dehydrogenase 1(IDH-1) mutation and Ki-67 expression in glioma."
2090,brain tumour,39285276,Microenvironmental regulation of tumor-associated neutrophils in malignant glioma: from mechanism to therapy.,"Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor in adults, with high incidence, recurrence, and mortality rates. Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) are essential components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in glioma and play a crucial role in glioma cell proliferation, invasion and proneural-mesenchymal transition. Besides the interactions between TANs and tumor cells, the multi-dimensional crosstalk between TANs and other components within TME have been reported to participate in glioma progression. More importantly, several therapies targeting TANs have been developed and relevant preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted in cancer therapy. In this review, we introduce the origin of TANs and the functions of TANs in malignant behaviors of glioma, highlighting the microenvironmental regulation of TANs. Moreover, we focus on summarizing the TANs-targeted methods in cancer therapy, aiming to provide insights into the mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities of TANs in the malignant glioma microenvironment."
2091,brain tumour,39285246,SOX10 mediates glioblastoma cell-state plasticity.,"Phenotypic plasticity is a cause of glioblastoma therapy failure. We previously showed that suppressing the oligodendrocyte-lineage regulator SOX10 promotes glioblastoma progression. Here, we analyze SOX10-mediated phenotypic plasticity and exploit it for glioblastoma therapy design. We show that low SOX10 expression is linked to neural stem-cell (NSC)-like glioblastoma cell states and is a consequence of temozolomide treatment in animal and cell line models. Single-cell transcriptome profiling of Sox10-KD tumors indicates that Sox10 suppression is sufficient to induce tumor progression to an aggressive NSC/developmental-like phenotype, including a quiescent NSC-like cell population. The quiescent NSC state is induced by temozolomide and Sox10-KD and reduced by Notch pathway inhibition in cell line models. Combination treatment using Notch and HDAC/PI3K inhibitors extends the survival of mice carrying Sox10-KD tumors, validating our experimental therapy approach. In summary, SOX10 suppression mediates glioblastoma progression through NSC/developmental cell-state transition, including the induction of a targetable quiescent NSC state. This work provides a rationale for the design of tumor therapies based on single-cell phenotypic plasticity analysis."
2092,brain tumour,39285099,Precision neurosurgery in the era of genomic medicine: implications for cancer and emerging diseases.,No abstract found
2093,brain tumour,39285094,Neurosurgical management of primary and secondary brain tumors: new horizons and emerging strategies.,No abstract found
2094,brain tumour,39285062,Integrating neurosurgery with immunotherapy: novel approaches to brain cancer treatment.,No abstract found
2095,brain tumour,39285053,Emerging therapies and their impact on neurosurgical practice: a focus on cancer and infectious diseases.,No abstract found
2096,brain tumour,39284952,"Letter to the editor: ""Route patterns of the collateral venous pathway in patients with tumors invading the superior sagittal sinus: an angiographic study and clinical applications"".",No abstract found
2097,brain tumour,39284867,Risk factor analysis and prediction model to establish recurrence or progression of non-functioning pituitary adenomas in men after transnasal sphenoidal surgery.,"This paper aims to analyze the risk factors for the recurrence or progression of non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) in male patients after transnasal sphenoidal surgery and to develop a predictive model for prognosis. Clinical and follow-up data of 126 male patients with NFPAs treated by transnasal sphenoidal surgery from January 2011 to January 2021 in Fuzhou 900th Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Lasso regression analysis was used to screen the best predictors, and the predictors were further screened by multivariate logistic regression analysis, and the nomogram prediction model was constructed. The performance of the model was verified by three aspects: discrimination, calibration and clinical utility by using the consistency index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), calibration curve, clinical decision curve (DCA) and Clinical impact curve (CIC). Out of 126 cases, 7 (5.56%) showed postoperative tumor recurrence, and 18 (14.29%) exhibited postoperative residual regrowth (progression). Age (P = 0.024), maximum tumor diameter (P < 0.001), modified Knosp grade (P < 0.001), resection extent (P < 0.001), Ki67 (P < 0.001), pressure symptom (P < 0.001), Pre-op hypopituitarism (P = 0.048), Post-op new hypopituitarism (P = 0.017) showed significant differences among the recurrence group, the progression group, and the alleviation group. Three independent risk factors (Ki67, modified Knosp grade, and resection extent) affecting postoperative remission were used to construct a predictive model for long-term postoperative failure to remit. The C-index of the nomogram model was 0.823, suggesting that the model had a high discriminatory power, and the AUC of the area under the ROC curve was 0.9[95% CI (0.843, 0.958)]. A nomogram prediction model based on modified Knosp grading (grades 3B-4), resection extent (partial resection), and Ki-67 (≥ 3%) predicts the recurrence or progression of NFPAs in men after transnasal sphenoidal surgery."
2098,brain tumour,39284662,Glial Malignancies.,"Gliomas comprise a diverse spectrum of related tumor subtypes with varying biological and molecular features and clinical outcomes. Advances in detailed genetic and epigenetic characterizations along with an appreciation that subtypes associated with developmental origins, including brain location and patient age, have shifted glioma classification from the historical reliance on histopathological features to updated categories incorporating molecular signatures and spatiotemporal incidence. Within a subtype, individual gliomas show cellular heterogeneity, generally containing subpopulations resembling different types of normal glial and progenitor cells. In addition to tumor-autonomous mechanisms of aberrant growth regulation driven by genetic mutations and signaling between tumor cells, interactions with the tumor microenvironment, including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and the immune microenvironment play important roles in driving glioma growth and influencing response to treatment. The emerging understanding of the complex contributions of normal brain to glioma growth represents new opportunities for therapeutic advances."
2099,brain tumour,39284626,Factors Influencing the Central Nervous System (CNS) Distribution of the Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated and Rad3-Related Inhibitor Elimusertib (BAY1895344): Implications for the Treatment of CNS Tumors.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a disease of the whole brain, with infiltrative tumor cells protected by an intact blood-brain barrier (BBB). GBM has a poor prognosis despite aggressive treatment, in part due to the lack of adequate drug permeability at the BBB. Standard of care GBM therapies include radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy that lead to DNA damage. Subsequent activation of DNA damage response (DDR) pathways can induce resistance. Various DDR inhibitors, targeting the key regulators of these pathways such as ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR), are being explored as radio- and chemosensitizers. Elimusertib, a novel ATR kinase inhibitor, can prevent repair of damaged DNA, increasing efficacy of DNA-damaging cytotoxic therapies. Robust synergy was observed in vitro when elimusertib was combined with the DNA-damaging agent temozolomide; however, we did not observe improvement with this combination in in vivo efficacy studies in GBM orthotopic tumor-bearing mice. This in vitro-in vivo disconnect was explored to understand factors influencing central nervous system (CNS) distribution of elimusertib and reasons for lack of efficacy. We observed that elimusertib is rapidly cleared from systemic circulation in mice and would not maintain adequate exposure in the CNS for efficacious combination therapy with temozolomide. CNS distribution of elimusertib is partially limited by P-glycoprotein efflux at the BBB, and high binding to CNS tissues leads to low levels of pharmacologically active (unbound) drug in the brain. Acknowledging the potential for interspecies differences in pharmacokinetics, these data suggest that clinical translation of elimusertib in combination with temozolomide for treatment of GBM may be limited. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study examined the disconnect between the in vitro synergy and in vivo efficacy of elimusertib/temozolomide combination therapy by exploring systemic and central nervous system (CNS) distributional pharmacokinetics. Results indicate that the lack of improvement in in vivo efficacy in glioblastoma (GBM) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models could be attributed to inadequate exposure of pharmacologically active drug concentrations in the CNS. These observations can guide further exploration of elimusertib for the treatment of GBM or other CNS tumors."
2100,brain tumour,39284526,RNA lipid nanoparticles as efficient in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing tool for therapeutic target validation in glioblastoma cancer stem cells.,"In vitro and ex-vivo target identification strategies often fail to predict in vivo efficacy, particularly for glioblastoma (GBM), a highly heterogenous tumor rich in resistant cancer stem cells (GSCs). An in vivo screening tool can improve prediction of therapeutic efficacy by considering the complex tumor microenvironment and the dynamic plasticity of GSCs driving therapy resistance and recurrence. This study proposes lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as an efficient in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing tool for target validation in mesenchymal GSCs. LNPs co-delivering mRNA (mCas9) and single-guide RNA (sgRNA) were successfully formulated and optimized facilitating both in vitro and in vivo gene editing. In vitro, LNPs achieved up to 67 % reduction in green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression, used as a model target, outperforming a commercial transfection reagent. Intratumoral administration of LNPs in GSCs resulted in ∼80 % GFP gene knock-out and a 2-fold reduction in GFP signal by day 14. This study showcases the applicability of CRISPR-Cas9 LNPs as a potential in vivo screening tool in GSCs, currently lacking effective treatment. By replacing GFP with a pool of potential targets, the proposed platform presents an exciting prospect for therapeutic target validation in orthotopic GSCs, bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical research."
2101,brain tumour,39284430,A novel methodology for mapping interstitial fluid dynamics in murine brain tumors using DCE-MRI.,"We present a comprehensive methodology for measuring heterogeneous interstitial fluid flow in murine brain tumors using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) coupled with the computational tool, Lymph4D. This four-part protocol encompasses glioma cell preparation, tumor inoculation, MRI imaging protocol, and histological verification using Evans Blue. While conventional DCE-MRI analysis primarily focuses on vascular perfusion, our methods reveal untapped potential to extract crucial information about interstitial fluid dynamics, including directions, velocities, and diffusion coefficients. This methodology extends beyond glioma research, with applicability to conditions routinely imaged with DCE-MRI, thereby offering a versatile tool for investigating interstitial fluid dynamics across a wide range of diseases and conditions. Our methodology holds promise for accelerating discoveries and advancements in biomedical research, ultimately enhancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for a wide range of diseases and conditions."
2102,brain tumour,39284311,Brain tumor segmentation by combining MultiEncoder UNet with wavelet fusion.,"Accurate segmentation of brain tumors from multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) holds significant importance in clinical diagnosis and surgical intervention, while current deep learning methods cope with situations of multimodal MRI by an early fusion strategy that implicitly assumes that the modal relationships are linear, which tends to ignore the complementary information between modalities, negatively impacting the model's performance. Meanwhile, long-range relationships between voxels cannot be captured due to the localized character of the convolution procedure."
2103,brain tumour,39284231,A rare case of central nervous system pancreatoblastoma metastasis: illustrative case.,"Pancreatoblastoma is a malignant neoplasm of the pancreas, occurring usually in children and rarely in adults. Treatment consists of surgery with a variable combination of adjuvant therapies. Liver metastases are common, whereas brain diffusion is exceptionally rare."
2104,brain tumour,39283831,Distinct Effects of Major Affective Disorder Diagnoses and Suicidal Symptom Severity on Inhibitory Control Function and Proinflammatory Cytokines: Single-Site Analysis of 800 Adolescents and Adults.,"Inhibitory control function and proinflammatory cytokines play a role in the pathomechanisms underlying major affective disorders and suicidal behavior. However, the distinct or interactive effects of major affective disorders and suicidal symptom severity on inhibitory control function and proinflammatory cytokines remain unclear."
2105,brain tumour,39283590,The heterogeneity of physiological activity for chiral carbon dots derived from L/D/DL-arginine.,"Chirality is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature. The advent of nanomaterials has led to a gradual evolution of chiral studies from the molecular scale to the nanoscale. The emergence of carbon dots (CDs) has inaugurated a novel domain in the scientific and technological realms of carbon nanomaterials. In recent years, CDs have attracted increasing attention due to their luminescent properties, excellent biocompatibility and remarkable bioactivity. However, little attention has been paid to the chirality of the CDs and, in particular, the differences between CDs synthesized from racemic compounds and other chiral CDs, as well as the differences in the biological effects of chiral CDs, remain to be explored. Here, chiral CDs were synthesized from L-/D-/DL-arginine, and the differences in various aspects of chiral CDs were evaluated. We found that L-CDs without extreme differences in structure had brighter fluorescence and a more significant ability of NO generation and lipid droplet inhibition than the other two chiral CDs. Combined with its better drug loading and release ability, we validated its superior efficacy in tumor treatment. Therefore, this study provides a basis for further research on chiral carbon dots and their differences."
2106,brain tumour,39283532,Cranial and spinal computed tomography (CT) angiography with photon-counting detector CT: comparison with angiographic and operative findings.,"The clinical imaging features of photon-counting detector (PCD) computed tomography (CT) are mainly known as dose reduction, improvement of spatial resolution, and reduction of artifacts compared to energy-integrating detector CT (EID-CT). The utility of cranial and spinal PCD-CT and PCD-CT angiography (CTA) has been previously reported. CTA is a widely used technique for noninvasive evaluation. Cranial CTA is important in brain tumors, especially glioblastoma; it evaluates whether the tumor is highly vascularized prior to an operation and helps in the diagnosis and assessment of bleeding risk. Spinal CTA has an important role in the estimation of feeders and drainers prior to selective angiography in the cases of spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas and spinal tumors, especially in hemangioblastoma. So far, EID-CTA is commonly performed in an adjunctive role prior to selective angiography; PCD-CTA with high spatial resolution can be an alternative to selective angiography. In the cases of cerebral aneurysms, flow diverters are important tools for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, and postoperative evaluation with cone beam CT with angiography using diluted contrast media is performed to evaluate stent adhesion and in-stent thrombosis. If CTA can replace selective angiography, it will be less invasive for the patient. In this review, we present representative cases with PCD-CT. We also show how well the cranial and spinal PCD-CTA approaches the accuracy of angiographic and intraoperative findings."
2107,brain tumour,39283526,Carvacrol improves cognitive dysfunction by decreasing amyloid-β accumulation and regulating neuroinflammation in ovariectomized renovascular hypertensive rats.,"Hypertension contributes to both the development and progression of brain damage and cognitive dysfunction in the postmenopausal period in women. Carvacrol (CAR), which can easily cross the blood-brain barrier, exhibits neuroprotective properties due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. In the present study, we have examined the effect of CAR treatment on learning-memory impairment in a post-menopausal hypertensive rat model that was induced by ovariectomy following two-kidney, one-clip renovascular hypertension surgery. From the third week after the establishment of renovascular hypertension in ovariectomized rats, CAR (40 mg/kg) was administered once daily for consecutive 7 weeks by gastric gavage. Systolic blood pressure was estimated by the tail-cuff method once a week. At the end of the study, cognitive functions were evaluated with behavioral tests and also neurochemical changes were measured in serum, cortex, and hippocampus by ELISA test. Blood pressure was decreased with CAR treatment in hypertensive rats. Serum estrogen levels decreased in ovariectomized rats and did not change with CAR treatment. CAR demonstrated beneficial effects on learning and memory tests as determined by increased recognition index, the number of platforms crossed, and time spent in the target quadrant. Due to CAR treatment, there was a marked reduction in the hippocampal and cortex amyloid-β, osteopontin, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels, and acetylcholinesterase activity, while an increment in neprilysin and interleukin-10 levels was found. In conclusion, since CAR suppressed amyloid-β deposition and neuroinflammation in ovariectomized-hypertensive rats, it is thought that it may be protective against memory disorders in postmenopausal hypertensive women."
2108,brain tumour,39283330,Use machine learning to predict pulmonary metastasis of esophageal cancer: a population-based study.,This study aims to establish a predictive model for assessing the risk of esophageal cancer lung metastasis using machine learning techniques.
2109,brain tumour,39283116,Commentary: The Impact of Perilesional Heatsink Structures on Ablation Volumes in Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Brain Metastases.,No abstract found
2110,brain tumour,39281885,"Systematic transcriptomic analysis of childhood medulloblastoma identifies N6- methyladenosine-dependent lncRNA signatures associated with molecular subtype, immune cell in","Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, is classified into four main molecular subgroups, but group 3 and group 4 tumors are difficult to subclassify and have a poor prognosis. Rapid point-of-care diagnostic and prognostic assays are needed to improve medulloblastoma risk stratification and management. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a common RNA modification and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a central role in tumor progression, but their impact on gene expression and associated clinical outcomes in medulloblastoma are unknown. Here we analyzed 469 medulloblastoma tumor transcriptomes to identify lncRNAs co-expressed with m6A regulators. Using LASSO-Cox analysis, we identified a five-gene m6A-associated lncRNA signature (M6LSig) significantly associated with overall survival, which was combined in a prognostic clinical nomogram. Using expression of the 67 m6A-associated lncRNAs, a subgroup classification model was generated using the XGBoost machine learning algorithm, which had a classification accuracy > 90%, including for group 3 and 4 samples. All M6LSig genes were significantly correlated with at least one immune cell type abundance in the tumor microenvironment, and the risk score was positively correlated with CD4"
2111,brain tumour,39281776,Alterations in Astrocyte Subpopulations in Glioma and Identification of Cuproptosis-Related Genes Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing.,"Mitochondrial metabolism is essential for energy production and the survival of brain cells, particularly in astrocytes. Cuproptosis is a newly identified form of programmed cell death that occurs due to the disruption of mitochondrial metabolism caused by excessive copper toxicity. However, the relationship between cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the prognosis of gliomas remains unclear."
2112,brain tumour,39281484,An efficient brain tumor detection and classification using pre-trained convolutional neural network models.,"In cases of brain tumors, some brain cells experience abnormal and rapid growth, leading to the development of tumors. Brain tumors represent a significant source of illness affecting the brain. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) stands as a well-established and coherent diagnostic method for brain cancer detection. However, the resulting MRI scans produce a vast number of images, which require thorough examination by radiologists. Manual assessment of these images consumes considerable time and may result in inaccuracies in cancer detection. Recently, deep learning has emerged as a reliable tool for decision-making tasks across various domains, including finance, medicine, cybersecurity, agriculture, and forensics. In the context of brain cancer diagnosis, Deep Learning and Machine Learning algorithms applied to MRI data enable rapid prognosis. However, achieving higher accuracy is crucial for providing appropriate treatment to patients and facilitating prompt decision-making by radiologists. To address this, we propose the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for brain tumor detection. Our approach utilizes a dataset consisting of two classes: three representing different tumor types and one representing non-tumor samples. We present a model that leverages pre-trained CNNs to categorize brain cancer cases. Additionally, data augmentation techniques are employed to augment the dataset size. The effectiveness of our proposed CNN model is evaluated through various metrics, including validation loss, confusion matrix, and overall loss. The proposed approach employing ResNet50 and EfficientNet demonstrated higher levels of accuracy, precision, and recall in detecting brain tumors."
2113,brain tumour,39281475,Knockout of TNF-α in microglia decreases ferroptosis and convert microglia phenotype after spinal cord injury.,"Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious and difficult to treat traumatic disease of the central nervous system. Spinal cord injury causes a variety of detrimental effects, including neuroinflammation and ferroptosis, leading to chronic functional impairment and death. Recent studies have shown that microglia/macrophages (M/Ms) at the injury site remain primarily in the pro-inflammatory state, which is detrimental to recovery. However, information on the factors behind pro-inflammatory polarization skew in the injured spinal cord remains unclear. In this study, we found that Tumor Necrosis Factor-α(TNF-α) ablation protected after SCI by suppressing neuroinflammation and ferroptosis. Though using TNF-α knock out mice (TNF-/-), we induced downregulation of TNF-α in M/Ms and further investigated its effect on SCI outcome. In TNF-/- mice, significant behavioral improvements were observed as early as 7 days after injury. We showed that TNF-α inhibition promote injury-mediated M/Ms polarization from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotype in vivo. Furthermore, accumulated iron in M/Ms after SCI increased the expression of TNF-α and the population of M/Ms to pro-inflammatory phenotype. Moreover, zinc supplement reduced the secondary damage caused by iron overload. In conclusion, we found that knock out of TNF-α promotes recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis and promoting the shift of macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype, indicating that there is great potential for this therapy to SCI."
2114,brain tumour,39281414,Enhancing intracranial efficacy prediction of osimertinib in non-small cell lung cancer: a novel approach through brain MRI radiomics.,"Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR-TKI, is known for its high efficacy against brain metastases (BM) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) due to its ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. This study aims to evaluate the use of brain MRI radiomics in predicting the intracranial efficacy to osimertinib in NSCLC patients with BM."
2115,brain tumour,39280778,Symptom experience and symptom distress in patients with malignant brain tumor treated with proton therapy: A five-year follow-up study.,"Since patients with primary brain tumor are expected to become long-term survivors, the prevention of long-term treatment-induced side effects is particularly important. This study aimed to explore whether symptom experience and symptom distress change over five years in adults with primary brain tumors treated with proton therapy. An additional aim was to explore whether symptom experience and symptom distress correlate."
2116,brain tumour,39280586,Galunisertib promotes bevacizumab-induced vascular normalization in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Multi-parameter MRI evaluation.,"Tumor vascular normalization (TVN) is associated with antitumor therapeutic efficacy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the short time window of TVN is the biggest hindrance to its wide clinical application. We investigated whether targeting transforming growth factor beta can enhance the TVN effect of bevacizumab (BEV)-induced patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of NPC. We constructed mouse subcutaneous PDX models of NPC and classified the mice into four drug-treatment groups, namely placebo control, galunisertib, BEV, and galunisertib + BEV. We performed MRI multi-parameter examinations at different time points and evaluated the vascular density, vascular structure, and tumor hypoxia microenvironment by histopathology. The efficacy of chemotherapy and drug delivery was evaluated by administering cisplatin. We found that combined therapy with galunisertib and BEV significantly delayed tumor growth, enhanced the TVN effect, and improved chemotherapeutic efficacy compared with monotherapy. Mechanistically, galunisertib reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process and inhibited the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and vascular endothelial growth factor by downregulating LAMC2. Correlation analysis of MRI data and pathological indicators showed that there was a good correlation between them."
2117,brain tumour,39280534,Giant Meningioma Diagnosis and Clinical Treatment: A Case Report.,"This case report shows the importance of semiology during a clinical examination not only to diagnose spine clinical symptoms but also to review the central nervous system tumor as a foot drop cause. We report a unique case of a patient who consulted for constant progressive numbness and motor symptoms in the right lower extremity. Lumbar CT and MRI were negative for acute or chronic lumbar pathology. This is a 41-year-old female patient with a history of eight-month progressive right leg weakness. The physical examination did not reveal neurological alterations besides foot drop. MRI and lumbar X-rays showed no significant findings. Electromyography (EMG) indicated right peroneal neuropathy. Based on these findings, surgical treatment was not indicated; therefore, physical therapy and a referral to neurology were indicated. However, symptoms increased, resulting in a right lower extremity hemiparesis. A brain MRI showed a left frontoparietal giant meningioma, which was surgically resected after embolization. The patient evolved with a full recovery of the right-sided hemiparesis after surgery. Our case highlights the foot drop's multiple etiologies. Initially, a lumbar disc hernia was suspected, but it was ruled out by imaging studies. Later, the EMG revealed peroneal neuropathy, leading to a neurology consult. Unexpectedly, a giant intracranial meningioma was found, a rare case of foot drop. A consideration of upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN) syndromes aided diagnosis. Tumoral resection with embolization resulted in significant improvement, showcasing the complexities of such cases. Foot drop is a peculiar clinical manifestation that must have an integral assessment to rule out peripheral and central causes. Even rare, giant meningiomas can cause focalized symptoms such as foot drop. Therefore, the assessment of foot drop should include the CT and MRI of the central nervous system."
2118,brain tumour,39280441,Occurrence of Glioblastoma Five Years After Resection of Atypical Meningioma at the Same Anatomic Site: A Case Report.,Atypical meningioma is a type of intermediate-grade meningioma (grade 2) according to the WHO classification. The occurrence of glioblastomas at the same site of resection of a meningioma is extremely rare and the causes of this type of mutations should be investigated. We present a case of a 54-year-old patient who five years after resection of a left parietooccipital atypical meningioma presented with a glioblastoma at the same site.
2119,brain tumour,39280423,Evaluation of Single and Combined Temozolomide and Doxorubicin Treatment Responses in Low- and High-Grade Glioma In Vitro.,"Astrocytoma, the most common type of glioma, can histologically be low or high grade. Treatment recommendations for astrocytic tumors are based on the histopathological and molecular phenotype. For grade 2 astrocytoma, the combination of radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy with procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) is better than radiotherapy alone. Temozolomide (TMZ) is being increasingly recognized as a replacement for PCV in brain tumor therapy, due to the lower myelotoxicity. TMZ is currently a well-established first-line treatment for grade 3 astrocytoma, grade 4 astrocytoma, and glioblastoma and it is also sporadically used for grade 2 astrocytoma. However, TMZ faces multiple challenges such as adverse effects and drug resistance."
2120,brain tumour,39280398,A Case Report on a Common Tumour With an Uncommon Presentation: Glioblastoma.,"The most common type of primary brain tumour in adults is gliomas although rare. Glioblastomas are a subtype of gliomas with the worst prognosis having the ability to rapidly increase in size, even doubling within days to weeks. Patients can present with varied presentations depending on the site of the involvement, thus misleading in diagnosis due to vagueness. The most common clinical presentations include headaches, seizures, and focal neurological signs. However, there can be atypical presentations like personality changes and back pain due to meningeal irritation which may be the only presenting complaint in the early stages. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is usually considered the only investigation required for the diagnosis of the illness. However, it can mislead in the early stages. Therefore, brain biopsy remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme. It is important to identify the subtype to decide on the prognosis and plan the management thereafter. Here, we present a 49-year-old woman with prominent personality changes, depressive symptoms, and atypical brain imaging findings. The definitive diagnosis was made with the brain biopsy as two MRI findings were contradictory. This article highlights the importance of suspicion of primary brain tumours in adults presenting with atypical neuropsychiatric manifestations."
2121,brain tumour,39280179,Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome-loaded miR-129-5p targets high-mobility group box 1 attenuates neurological-impairment after diabetic cerebral hemorrhage.,"Diabetic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a serious complication of diabetes. The role and mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosomes (BMSC-exo) in neuroinflammation post-ICH in patients with diabetes are unknown. In this study, we investigated the regulation of BMSC-exo on hyperglycemia-induced neuroinflammation."
2122,brain tumour,39279988,Tumefactive Multiple Sclerosis: The Lethal Chameleon.,"Tumefactive multiple sclerosis (TMS) is a rare variant of multiple sclerosis that presents with a large demyelinating lesion in the central nervous system, accompanied by peripheral ring-like enhancement, perilesional oedema and mass effect. We report a case of a 59-year-old woman who was admitted to the hospital with a four-day history of somnolence, muscle weakness in her left extremities and ultimately, loss of consciousness. Over the following 48 hours, the patient's condition worsened with progressive consciousness impairment. Although the results of the initial head computed tomography (CT) scan supported the diagnosis of a multifocal ischaemic stroke, toxoplasmosis was proposed as the most credible diagnostic hypothesis by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Due to the adverse clinical progression following the initiation of targeted therapy and inconclusive investigation, a brain biopsy was performed, which was indicative of active TMS in a subacute phase. The patient was started on plasmapheresis and natalizumab along with corticosteroids, with a very good response. In conclusion, we report a biopsy-proven TMS diagnosis in a patient that clinically mimicked an acute stroke and was radiographically confounded with intracranial toxoplasmosis. It highlights that TMS is an uncommon neurological demyelinating disease that is often misdiagnosed. It also emphasises the importance of establishing an accurate differential diagnosis to promptly initiate aggressive immunosuppressive treatment, which may result in a more favourable prognosis."
2123,brain tumour,39279967,"Fruquintinib in metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicenter real-world analysis on efficacy, safety, and predictive and prognostic factors.","Randomized trials have shown a survival benefit for fruquintinib over placebo in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) that progressed after standard therapies, but real-world prognostic analyses have been seldom reported. We evaluated survival, safety outcomes, and predictive and prognostic factors in patients treated with fruquintinib in a real-life setting."
2124,brain tumour,39279956,Promotion of hepatocellular carcinoma stemness and progression by abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.,"Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role in tumor recurrence and metastasis, which are the primary causes of death in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently, no drug effectively blocks the recurrence and metastasis of liver cancer, leading to a poor prognosis for patients. To enhance treatment outcomes, there is an urgent need to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the recurrence and progression of liver cancer, with the aim of identifying effective therapeutic targets. Targeting HCC stemness can improve the prognosis of patients with HCC. Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein ("
2125,brain tumour,39279837,Development of Advanced FEM Simulation Technology for Pre-Operative Surgical Planning.,"Intracorporeal needle-based therapeutic ultrasound (NBTU) offers a minimally invasive approach for the thermal ablation of malignant brain tumors, including both primary and metastatic cancers. NBTU utilizes a high-frequency alternating electric field to excite a piezoelectric transducer, generating acoustic waves that cause localized heating and tumor cell ablation, and it provides a more precise ablation by delivering lower acoustic power doses directly to targeted tumors while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. Building on our previous work, this study introduces a database for optimizing pre-operative surgical planning by simulating ablation effects in varied tissue environments and develops an extended simulation model incorporating various tumor types and sizes to evaluate thermal damage under trans-tissue conditions. A comprehensive database is created from these simulations, detailing critical parameters such as CEM43 isodose maps, temperature changes, thermal dose areas, and maximum ablation distances for four directional probes. This database serves as a valuable resource for future studies, aiding in complex trajectory planning and parameter optimization for NBTU procedures. Moreover, a novel probe selection method is proposed to enhance pre-surgical planning, providing a strategic approach to selecting probes that maximize therapeutic efficiency and minimize ablation time. By avoiding unnecessary thermal propagation and optimizing probe angles, this method has the potential to improve patient outcomes and streamline surgical procedures. Overall, the findings of this study contribute significantly to the field of NBTU, offering a robust framework for enhancing treatment precision and efficacy in clinical settings."
2126,brain tumour,39279835,Deep Brain Ultrasound Ablation Thermal Dose Modeling with ,"Intracorporeal needle-based therapeutic ultrasound (NBTU) is a minimally invasive option for intervening in malignant brain tumors, commonly used in thermal ablation procedures. This technique is suitable for both primary and metastatic cancers, utilizing a high-frequency alternating electric field (up to 10 MHz) to excite a piezoelectric transducer. The resulting rapid deformation of the transducer produces an acoustic wave that propagates through tissue, leading to localized high-temperature heating at the target tumor site and inducing rapid cell death. To optimize the design of NBTU transducers for thermal dose delivery during treatment, numerical modeling of the acoustic pressure field generated by the deforming piezoelectric transducer is frequently employed. The bioheat transfer process generated by the input pressure field is used to track the thermal propagation of the applicator over time. Magnetic resonance thermal imaging (MRTI) can be used to experimentally validate these models. Validation results using MRTI demonstrated the feasibility of this model, showing a consistent thermal propagation pattern. However, a thermal damage isodose map is more advantageous for evaluating therapeutic efficacy. To achieve a more accurate simulation based on the actual brain tissue environment, a new finite element method (FEM) simulation with enhanced damage evaluation capabilities was conducted. The results showed that the highest temperature and ablated volume differed between experimental and simulation results by 2.1884°C (3.71%) and 0.0631 cm"
2127,brain tumour,39279782,The disparity in pediatric spinal cord tumor clinical trials: A scoping review of registered clinical trials from 1989 to 2023.,Spinal cord tumors (SCTs) comprise 10% of all central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Pediatric SCTs are often excluded and underrepresented in clinical trials though exclusion rates haven't been reported.
2128,brain tumour,39279780,Do presenting symptoms predict treatment decisions and survival in glioblastoma? Real-world data from 1458 patients in the Swedish brain tumor registry.,Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. Non-invasive clinical parameters could play a crucial role in treatment planning and serve as predictors of patient survival. Our register-based real-life study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of presenting symptoms.
2129,brain tumour,39279778,Assessing sleep in primary brain tumor patients using smart wearables and patient-reported data: Feasibility and interim analysis of an observational study.,Sleep-wake disturbances are common and disabling in primary brain tumor (PBT) patients but studies exploring longitudinal data are limited. This study investigates the feasibility and relationship between longitudinal patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and physiologic data collected via smart wearables.
2130,brain tumour,39279776,Identifying research priorities and essential elements of palliative care services for people facing malignant brain tumors: A participatory co-design approach.,"Primary malignant brain tumors (ie, brain cancer) impact the quality of life (QoL) for patients and care partners in disease-specific ways involving cognition and communication. Palliative care (PC) addresses patient/care partner QoL, but it is not known how PC may address the unique needs of brain cancer patients. The purpose of this project was to identify brain cancer PC research priorities using participatory co-design methods."
2131,brain tumour,39279774,A nurse-led intervention for carers of people with high-grade glioma: A case series of carers reporting high distress.,"Carers play an important role in supporting patients diagnosed with high-grade glioma (HGG). However, this experience is frequently distressing and many carers require support."
2132,brain tumour,39279772,European Association of Neuro-Oncology's 30th anniversary: A successful and growing relationship with ,No abstract found
2133,brain tumour,39279771,Disease burden and healthcare utilization in pediatric low-grade glioma: A United States retrospective study of linked claims and electronic health records.,"Despite high long-term survival rates, pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) are linked with significant tumor- and treatment-associated morbidities that may persist throughout life. The aims of this descriptive cross-sectional pilot study were to characterize health conditions among a cohort of patients with pLGG and explore the feasibility of quantifying disease burden and healthcare resource utilization (HRU)."
2134,brain tumour,39279768,Establishing the minimal clinically important difference of the Brief Fatigue Inventory for brain or CNS cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.,Minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) quantify the clinical relevance of quality of life results at the individual patient and group level. The aim of this study was to estimate the MCID for the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) and the Worst and Usual Fatigue items in patients with brain or CNS cancer undergoing curative radiotherapy.
2135,brain tumour,39279766,Preoperative stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with 1-4 brain metastases: A single-arm phase 2 trial outcome analysis (NCT03398694).,"Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) following surgical resection is the standard of care for patients with symptomatic oligo brain metastasis (BM), however, it is associated with 10-15% local failure. Targeting a resection cavity is imprecise, thus preoperative radiosurgery where the target is well-defined may be superior, however, the efficacy of preoperative SRS has not yet been tested in a clinical trial."
2136,brain tumour,39279700,Nanomedicine in Management of Cerebral Infarction and Brain Cancer: Role of Inflammation.,"Cerebral infarction, the blockage of blood vessels in the brain, is generally an age-related illness. Factors such as unhealthy diets, stressful behaviours and decreased environmental consistency with physiological barriers also contribute to increased casualties. Long-term brain function reconstruction and successful drug therapy are needed. The most frequent malignant brain tumour, glioblastoma, has been linked to variations in mitochondrial ROS, chaperone-mediated autophagy, and the interaction between lncRNA (BC200) and miRNA. Glioblastoma stem cells express high levels of ATP/P2X7 receptors, promoting survival by activating M2 muscarinic receptors."
2137,brain tumour,39279497,Bone marrow stromal cells enhance differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia induced by pyrimidine synthesis inhibitors.,"Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies characterized by differentiation arrest, high relapse rates, and poor survival. The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is recognized as a critical mediator of drug resistance and a primary site responsible for AML relapse. Our previous study reported that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr) induces AML cell differentiation by inhibiting pyrimidine synthesis and activating Checkpoint kinase 1. Although the protective effect of BM stroma on leukemia cells in response to cytotoxic drugs is well-documented, its effect on AML differentiation remains less explored. In this study, we investigated the impact of stromal cell lines and primary mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) on AML cell line differentiation triggered by AICAr and brequinar, a known dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor. Our findings indicate that the mouse MS-5 stromal cell line, known for its cytoprotective effects, does not inhibit AML cell differentiation induced by pyrimidine synthesis inhibitors. Interestingly, AICAr caused morphological changes and growth arrest in MS-5 stromal cells via an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent pathway. Human stromal cell lines HS-5 and HS-27, as well as primary MSCs isolated from patient bone marrow, were superior in promoting AML differentiation compared with mouse cells in response to AICAr and brequinar, with the inhibitors not significantly affecting the stromal cells themselves. In conclusion, our study highlights the supportive role of human BM MSCs in enhancing the differentiation effects of pyrimidine synthesis inhibitors on AML cells, suggesting that AML treatment strategies focusing on differentiation rather than cell killing may be successful in clinical settings."
2138,brain tumour,39279162,Subdivision of M1 category and prognostic stage for de novo metastatic breast cancer to enhance prognostic prediction and guide the selection of locoregional therapy.,"Although de novo metastatic breast cancer (dnMBC) is acknowledged as a heterogeneous disease, the current staging systems do not distinguish between patients within the M1 or stage IV category. This study aimed to refine the M1 category and prognostic staging for dnMBC to enhance prognosis prediction and guide the choice of locoregional treatment."
2139,brain tumour,39278921,SMAC mimetic drives microglia phenotype and glioblastoma immune microenvironment.,"Tumor-associated macrophages/microglia (TAMs) are highly plastic and heterogeneous immune cells that can be immune-supportive or tumor-supportive depending of the microenvironment. TAMs are the most abundant immune cells in glioblastoma (GB), and play a key role in immunosuppression. Therefore, TAMs reprogramming toward immune-supportive cells is a promising strategy to overcome immunosuppression. By leveraging scRNAseq human GB databases, we identified that Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAP) were expressed by TAMs. To investigate their role in TAMs-related immunosuppression, we antagonized IAP using the central nervous system permeant SMAC mimetic GDC-0152 (SMg). On explants and cultured immune cells isolated from human GB samples, SMg modified TAMs activity. We showed that SMg treatment promoted microglia pro-apoptotic and anti-tumoral function via caspase-3 pro-inflammatory cleavage and the inhibition of tumoroids growth. Then we designed a relevant immunogenic mouse GB model to decipher the spatio-temporal densities, distribution, phenotypes and function of TAMs with or without SMg treatment. We used 3D imaging techniques, a transgenic mouse with fluorescent TAM subsets and mass cytometry. We confirmed that SMg promoted microglia activation, antigen-presenting function and tumor infiltration. In addition, we observed a remodeling of blood vessels, a decrease in anti-inflammatory macrophages and an increased level of monocytes and their mo-DC progeny. This remodeling of the TAM landscape is associated with an increase in CD8 T cell density and activation. Altogether, these results demonstrated that SMg drives the immunosuppressive basal microglia toward an active phenotype with pro-apoptotic and anti-tumoral function and modifies the GB immune landscape. This identifies IAP as targets of choice for a potential mechanism-based therapeutic strategy and SMg as a promising molecule for this application."
2140,brain tumour,39278666,Use of UV mutational signatures to distinguish between cutaneous and pulmonary primary squamous cell carcinoma.,Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of presumed lung origin (PLO) is now the second most frequent histologic subtype of non-small cell carcinoma after adenocarcinoma. The use of clinic-genomic correlation provided by comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) can revise clinicopathologic diagnoses of presumed primary lung SCC (PLO-SCC) to diagnoses of metastatic SCC of cutaneous origin (C-SCC).
2141,brain tumour,39278649,Geometric target margin strategy of proton craniospinal irradiation for pediatric medulloblastoma.,"In proton craniospinal irradiation (CSI) for skeletally immature pediatric patients, a treatment plan should be developed to ensure that the dose is uniformly delivered to all vertebrae, considering the effects on bone growth balance. The technical (t) clinical target volume (CTV) is conventionally set by manually expanding the CTV from the entire intracranial space and thecal sac, based on the physician's experience. However, there are differences in contouring methods among physicians. Therefore, we aimed to propose a new geometric target margin strategy. Nine pediatric patients with medulloblastoma who underwent proton CSI were enrolled. We measured the following water equivalent lengths for each vertebra in each patient: body surface to the dorsal spinal canal, vertebral limbus, ventral spinal canal and spinous processes. A simulated tCTV (stCTV) was created by assigning geometric margins to the spinal canal using the measurement results such that the vertebral limb and dose distribution coincided with a margin assigned to account for the uncertainty of the proton beam range. The stCTV with a growth factor (correlation between body surface area and age) and tCTV were compared and evaluated. The median values of each index for cervical, thoracic and lumber spine were: the Hausdorff distance, 9.14, 9.84 and 9.77 mm; mean distance-to-agreement, 3.26, 2.65 and 2.64 mm; Dice coefficient, 0.84, 0.81 and 0.82 and Jaccard coefficient, 0.50, 0.60 and 0.62, respectively. The geometric target margin setting method used in this study was useful for creating an stCTV to ensure consistent and uniform planning."
2142,brain tumour,39278504,"Domestic radon exposure and childhood cancer risk by site and sex in 727 counties in the United States, 2001-2018.",Childhood cancer has few established risk factors and environmental influences are underexplored. This ecologic study investigated the association between domestic radon exposure and childhood cancer risk in a large sample of United States (U.S.) counties.
2143,brain tumour,39277916,Capmatinib efficacy for METex14 non-small cell lung cancer patients: Results of the IFCT-2104 CAPMATU study.,"Capmatinib is a selective MET inhibitor with demonstrated efficacy in a phase II study of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring METex14 mutations. However, the real-world outcomes of capmatinib are largely unknown. From June 2019, the French Early Access Program (EAP) provided capmatinib to METex14 NSCLC patients who were ineligible for or for whom first-line standard therapies had failed."
2144,brain tumour,39277768,The extracellular vesicle of depressive patient-derived Escherichia fergusonii induces vagus nerve-mediated neuroinflammation in mice.,"Gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety (DA). In our preliminary study, fecal microbiota transplantation from volunteers with psychological stress and subclinical symptoms of depression (Vsd) induced DA-like behaviors in mice. Escherichia fergusonii (Esf) was found to be more abundant in the feces of Vsd compared to healthy volunteers. Therefore, we investigated the effect of Esf on DA-like behavior and neuroinflammation in mice with and without celiac vagotomy."
2145,brain tumour,39277258,Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal the effects of formula and breast milk on the growth and development of human small intestinal organoids.,"Breast milk is widely acknowledged as the ideal nutritional resource for infants and can well meet the nutritional requirements for baby's growth and development. Infant formula is a substitute for breast milk, designed to closely mimic its composition and function for breast milk. Most of the previous studies used tumor colorectal cancer cell lines to study the nutritional potency of formula and its components, so realistic data closer to the baby could not be obtained. Small intestinal organoids, derived from differentiated human embryonic stem cells, can be used to simulate nutrient absorption and metabolism in vitro. In this experiment, we used small intestinal organoids to compare the nutrient absorption and metabolism of three infant formulae for 0-6 months with breast milk samples. Transcriptome and metabolome sequencing methods were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs). The pathways related to DEGs, DEMs were enriched using GO, KEGG, GSEA and other methods to investigate their biological characteristics. We have found that both formula and breast milk promote the development of the infant's immune system, nutrient absorption and intestinal development. In PMH1 we found that the addition of oligofructose to milk powder promoted lipid metabolism and absorption. In PMH2 we found that whey protein powder favours the development of the immune system in infants. In PMH3 we found that oligogalactans may act on the brain-gut axis by regulating the intestinal flora, thereby promoting axon formation and neural development. By linking these biological properties of the milk powder with its composition, we confirmed the effects of added ingredients on the growth and development of infants. Also, we demonstrated the validity of small intestine organoids as a model for absorption and digestion in vitro. Through the above analyses, the advantages and disadvantages of the roles of formula and breast milk in the growth and metabolism of infants were also compared."
2146,brain tumour,39277153,3D-printed implants loaded with acriflavine for glioblastoma treatment.,"Drug delivery routes play an essential role in determining the efficacy and safety of medications. This study focused on the development and optimization of 3D-printed reservoir type implants as a combinational therapy drug delivery system for Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) post-surgery, possessing also antibacterial properties. In this study, we used a multimodal agent, Acriflavine (ACF) as an alternative drug to treat GBM. To date, ACF is used only as an antiseptic agent, although it has been shown to possess strong anticancer activities. ACF and a low molecular weight PCL were loaded into 3D-printed reservoir-type implants for sustained drug delivery. The study demonstrated that ACF implants exhibited sustained drug release kinetics, with faster release during the initial 30 days, followed by a gradual decrease over 90 days. This controlled release profile enhances the effectiveness of ACF delivery to tumour targets while minimizing side effects associated with systemic administration. In vitro experiments confirmed the inhibitory activity of ACF against GBM cells compared to non-tumour cells. The study also highlighted the bacteriostatic effects of ACF, making the implants potentially useful for post-surgery infection management, particularly against S. aureus, a common bacterial infection associated with brain surgery. The long-term drug-release capabilities of the implants make them attractive candidates for both tumour inhibition and antibacterial treatment. The study suggests that the developed ACF delivery systems have the potential for future clinical studies. Their ability to provide increased drug efficacy without systemic toxicity makes them promising candidates for cancer therapy and post-surgery infection management."
2147,brain tumour,39277057,Unlocking the potential of LHPP: Inhibiting glioma growth and cell cycle via the MDM2/p53 pathway.,"The recurrence of glioma after treatment has remained an intractable problem for many years. Recently, numerous studies have explored the pivotal role of the mouse double minute 2 (MDM2)/p53 pathway in cancer treatment. Lysine phosphate phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase (LHPP), a newly discovered tumor suppressor, has been confirmed in numerous studies on tumors, but its role in glioma remains poorly understood. Expression matrices in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases were analyzed using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), revealing significant alterations in the p53 pathway among glioma patients with high LHPP expression. The overexpression of LHPP in glioma cells resulted in a reduction in cell proliferation, migration, and invasive ability, as well as an increase in apoptosis and alterations to the cell cycle. The present study has identified a novel inhibitory mechanism of LHPP against glioma, both in vivo and in vitro. The results demonstrate that LHPP exerts anti-glioma effects via the MDM2/p53 pathway. These findings may offer a new perspective for the treatment of glioma in the clinic."
2148,brain tumour,39276875,"Unveiling Cuproptosis: Mechanistic insights, roles, and leading advances in oncology.","Copper, a vital micronutrient, performs essential functions in numerous biological settings. Its disrupted metabolism is implicated in both the initiation of tumors and therapeutic interventions for cancer, underscoring the critical necessity of preserving copper homeostasis. Cuproptosis, a regulated cell death (RCD) modulated by copper, is activated in response to elevated copper concentrations, prompting an investigation into its implication in oncogenesis. Within this review, an exploration is conducted into copper dynamics and homeostasis maintenance within cells. Furthermore, it delves into the mechanisms underlying cuproptosis and its interplay with signaling pathways implicated in cancer. The potential synergy between cuproptosis and ferroptosis and its impact on tumor immunomodulation is discussed. Additionally, promising avenues for addressing cuproptosis in cancer involve assessing the utility of copper chelators and ionophores. By addressing pressing questions surrounding cuproptosis and outlining its pivotal role in cancer pathogenesis and treatment, this review propounds targeting cuproptosis as a promising frontier in antitumor therapy, potentially revolutionizing cancer treatment strategies."
2149,brain tumour,39276636,Personalized selection of unequal sub-arc collimator angles in VMAT for multiple brain metastases.,Investigating the effects of unequal sub-arc personalized collimator angle selection on the quality of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) plans for treating multiple brain metastases.
2150,brain tumour,39276466,Sialic acid detection and theranostic activity of phenylboronic acid-based fluorescent probe in human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells.,"A new probe, 4-(((3',6'-bis(diethylamino)-3-oxospiro[isoindoline-1,9'-xanthen]-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenyl)boronic acid (R4B) was prepared by facile condensation of 4-formylphenylboronic acid and rhodamine B hydrazide. R4B was characterized by spectroscopic methods and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The sensor R4B solution turned pink and emitted orange fluorescence only in the presence of sialic acid but remained colorless and non-fluorescent otherwise. The sugar recognition performance was investigated via UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopic studies. Our results revealed that R4B has good affinity and selectivity for sialic acid over common monosaccharides, with a detection limit as low as 10"
2151,brain tumour,39276463,Non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma manifesting as a cervical syndrome.,No abstract found
2152,brain tumour,39276376,How to manage Cushing's disease after failed primary pituitary surgery.,"The first-line treatment for Cushing's disease is transsphenoidal adenomectomy, which can be curative in a significant number of patients. The second-line options in cases of failed primary pituitary surgery include repeat surgery, medical therapy, and radiation. The role for medical therapy has expanded in the last decade, and options include pituitary-targeting drugs, steroid synthesis inhibitors, and glucocorticoid receptor antagonists. Bilateral adrenalectomy is a more aggressive approach, which may be necessary in cases of persistent hypercortisolism despite surgery, medical treatment, or radiation or when rapid normalization of cortisol is needed. We review the available treatment options for Cushing's disease, focusing on the second-line treatment options to consider after failed primary pituitary surgery."
2153,brain tumour,39267556,[Visual rehabilitation treatment for a patient with hemifield slide after pituitary adenoma resection: a case report].,"The patient is a 28-year-old male who presented with hemifield slide for 10 months following surgery for a large pituitary adenoma. A comprehensive ophthalmological examination and visual function tests were conducted, including best corrected visual acuity, visual field, stereopsis, accommodative convergence, Worth four-dot test, and prism cover test for quantifying strabismus, along with assessments using a depression scale and a visual function questionnaire. Rehabilitation plans included applying press-on prisms to correct vertical strabismus, binocular vision training, and saccadic training. After rehabilitation, the patient was able to maintain binocular single vision at near and intermediate distances, experienced improved visual comfort, and showed significant improvements in scores on the depression scale and visual function questionnaire."
2154,brain tumour,39267533,Fluspirilene exerts an anti-glioblastoma effect through suppression of the FOXM1-KIF20A axis.,"Given the infiltrative nature of human glioblastoma (GBM), cocktail drug therapy will remain a vital tool for the treatment of the disease. We investigated fluspirilene, perphenazine, and sulpiride, three classic anti-schizophrenic drugs, as possible anti-GBM agents. The CCK-8 assay demonstrated that fluspirilene possesses the most outstanding anti-GBM effect. We performed molecular mechanisms studies in vitro and an orthotopic xenograft model in mice. Fluspirilene inhibited proliferation and migration in vitro in U87MG and U251 GBM cell lines. Flow cytometry demonstrated that treatment increased apoptosis and cells accumulated in the G2/M phase. Our analysis of publicly available expression data for several cell lines treated with the drug led to the identification of several genes, including KIF20A, that are downregulated by fluspirilene and lead to growth inhibition/apoptosis. We also demonstrated that siRNA knockdown of KIF20A, a member of the kinesin family, attenuated cell proliferation in GBM cells and an orthotopic xenograft model in mice. A regulator of KIF20A, the oncogenic transcription factor FOXM1, was identified using the String database, which harbors protein interaction networks. In fluspirilene-treated cells, FOXM1 protein was decreased, indicating that KIF20A was downregulated in the presence of the drug due to decreased FOXM1 protein. These results demonstrate that fluspirilene is an effective anti-GBM agent that works by suppressing the FOXM1-KIF20A oncogenic axis."
2155,brain tumour,39267234,Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy with superior mesenteric vein resection and reconstruction in a child with recurrent hepatoblastoma after liver transplantation.,"Pancreaticoduodenectomy with vascular reconstruction is rarely performed in children. We present a 3-year-old male with stage IV hepatoblastoma and pre-treatment extent of disease (PRETEXT) stage III with tumor into the portal vein and superior mesenteric vein (SMV), and with brain and lung metastases status post chemotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery to left frontal brain lesion. He then underwent deceased donor liver transplant with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy complicated by two recurrences to bilateral lungs treated with wedge resections. His course lastly involved a third hepatoblastoma recurrence to the SMV that was managed with pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy with SMV resection and reconstruction."
2156,brain tumour,39276262,Beyond surgical resection: evaluating stereotactic brachytherapy iodine-125 for low-grade gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Stereotactic Brachytherapy Iodine-125 (SBT I-125) has been investigated by some studies for the treatment of lowgrade gliomas. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of SBT I-125 Brachytherapy for treatment of patients with Low-Grade Gliomas. PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched for randomized and observational studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement guidelines. We used relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals and random effects model to compare the effects of I-125 SBT treatment on the interest outcomes. We evaluated heterogeneity using I2 statistics; we considered heterogeneity to be significant if the p-value was less than 0.05 and I2 was higher than 35%. We performed statistical analysis using the software R (version 4.2.3). A total of 20 studies with a cohort of 988 patients with low grade gliomas who received SBT I-125 as a treatment option. The pooled analysis evidenced: (1) Complication rate of 10% (95% CI: 7-12%; I² = 60%); (2) 5-year PFS of 66% (99% CI: 45-86%; I²= 98%); (3) 10-year PFS was 66% (99% CI: 45-86%; I²= 98%); (4) Malignant transformation rate of 26% (95% CI: 8-45%; I²=0); (5) Mortality of 33% (95% CI: 15-51%; I² = 0%). Our systematic review and meta-analysis of SBT I-125 for low-grade gliomas have revealed significant concerns regarding its safety and efficacy. Despite a proportion of patients remaining progression-free, elevated rates of complications and mortality cast doubt on the intervention's reliability. Future research should prioritize long-term follow-up studies, standardized protocols, and comparative effectiveness research."
2157,brain tumour,39276062,The multifaceted therapeutical role of low-density lipoprotein receptor family in high-grade glioma.,"The diverse roles of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family (LDLR) have been associated with many processes critical to maintaining central nervous system (CNS) health and contributing to neurological diseases or cancer. In this review, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the LDLR's involvement in common brain tumors, specifically high-grade gliomas, emphasizing the receptors' critical role in the pathophysiology and progression of these tumors due to LDLR's high expression. We delve into LDLR's role in regulating cellular uptake and transport through the brain barrier. Additionally, we highlight LDLR's role in activating several signaling pathways related to tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion, engaging readers with an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms at play. By synthesizing current research findings, this review underscores the significance of LDLR during tumorigenesis and explores its potential as a therapeutic target for high-grade gliomas. The collective insights presented here contribute to a deeper appreciation of LDLR's multifaceted roles and implications for physiological and pathological states, opening new avenues for tumor treatment."
2158,brain tumour,39276059,[ORY-1001 inhibits glioblastoma cell growth by downregulating the Notch/HES1 pathway ,"To explore the inhibitory effect ORY-1001, a lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitor, on growth of glioblastoma (GBM) and the underlying mechanism."
2159,brain tumour,39276052,[An MRI multi-sequence feature imputation and fusion mutual-aid model based on sequence deletion for differentiation of high-grade from low-grade glioma].,To evaluate the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) multi-sequence feature imputation and fusion mutual model based on sequence deletion in differentiating high-grade glioma (HGG) from low-grade glioma (LGG).
2160,brain tumour,39276021,Clinicopathological and molecular spectrum of patients with germline SUFU mutations: A case series.,"One of the hereditary syndromes associated with multiple early-onset basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) is basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS), of which a minority is caused by germline SUFU mutations. Germline SUFU mutations show a spectrum of phenotypes, of which multiple hereditary infundibulocystic basal cell carcinoma syndrome (MHIBCC) is one. Patients with MHIBCC develop multiple basaloid skin tumors from middle age onwards."
2161,brain tumour,39275973,Effect of optimizing cerebral oxygen saturation on postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing one-lung ventilation for thoracoscopic surgery.,This randomized controlled trial investigated whether the regional cerebral oxygenation saturation (rScO
2162,brain tumour,39275349,Pharmacological Features and Therapeutic Implications of Plumbagin in Cancer and Metabolic Disorders: A Narrative Review.,Plumbagin (PLB) is a naphthoquinone extracted from 
2163,brain tumour,39275295,The Effects of Rice Bran on Neuroinflammation and Gut Microbiota in Ovariectomized Mice Fed a Drink with Fructose.,"Rice bran, which is abundant in dietary fiber and phytochemicals, provides multiple health benefits. Nonetheless, its effects on neuroinflammation and gut microbiota in postmenopausal conditions are still not well understood. This study investigated the effects of rice bran and/or tea seed oil supplementation in d-galactose-injected ovariectomized (OVX) old mice fed a fructose drink. The combination of d-galactose injection, ovariectomy, and fructose drink administration creates a comprehensive model that simulates aging in females under multiple metabolic stressors, including oxidative stress, estrogen deficiency, and high-sugar diets, and allows the study of their combined impact on metabolic disorders and related diseases. Eight-week-old and 6-8-month-old female C57BL/6 mice were used. The mice were divided into six groups: a sham + young mice, a sham + old mice, an OVX + soybean oil, an OVX + soybean oil with rice bran, an OVX + tea seed oil (TO), and an OVX + TO with rice bran diet group. The OVX groups were subcutaneously injected with d-galactose (100 mg/kg/day) and received a 15% ("
2164,brain tumour,39273661,Molecular Profile as an Outcome Predictor in Glioblastoma along with MRI Features and Surgical Resection: A Scoping Review.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive malignant tumors of the brain. We queried PubMed for articles about molecular predictor markers in GBM. This scoping review aims to analyze the most important outcome predictors in patients with GBM and to compare these factors in terms of absolute months of survival benefit and percentages. Performing a gross total resection for patients with GBM undergoing optimal chemo- and radiotherapy provides a significant benefit in overall survival compared to those patients who received a subtotal or partial resection. However, compared to "
2165,brain tumour,39273598,C-C Chemokine Receptor 7 Promotes T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Invasion of the Central Nervous System via β2-Integrins.,"C-C Chemokine Receptor 7 (CCR7) mediates T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) mediated by chemotactic migration to C-C chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19). To determine if a CCL19 antagonist, CCL19"
2166,brain tumour,39273576,The Molecular and Immunological Landscape of Meningiomas.,"Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors in adults and typically have a slow-growing and benign nature. However, there is also a substantial subset of meningiomas that shows aggressive clinical behavior and is refractory to standard treatment modalities, which are still limited to surgery and/or radiotherapy. Despite intensive research, no systemic treatment options are yet available in the clinic for these challenging tumors, resulting in poor patient outcome. Intensive research on the molecular pathogenesis of meningiomas has led to improved diagnostic tools, but so far there is no standardized implementation for the molecular profiling of these tumors for clinical practice. Recent research advances have also focused on the immunophenotyping of meningiomas, leading to several clinical trials examining the use of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in patients with clinically aggressive subtypes. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge on the molecular and immunological landscape of meningiomas in detail and provide current and progressive ideas for future directions."
2167,brain tumour,39273574,A 13-Year-Old Girl Affected by Melanocytic Tumors of the Central Nervous System-The Case.,"Primary intracranial melanoma is a very rare brain tumor, especially when accompanied by benign intramedullary melanocytoma. Distinguishing between a primary central nervous system (CNS) lesion and metastatic melanoma is extremely difficult, especially when the primary cutaneous lesion is not visible. Here we report a 13-year-old girl admitted to the Neurosurgery Department of the Institute of Polish Mother's Health Centre in Lodz due to upper limb paresis. An intramedullary tumor of the cervical C3-C4 and an accompanying syringomyelic cavity C1-C7 were revealed. The child underwent partial removal of the tumor due to the risk of damage to spinal cord motor centers. The removed part of the tumor was diagnosed as melanocytoma. Eight months later, a neurological examination revealed paresis of the right sixth cranial nerve, accompanied by bilateral optic disc edema. Diagnostic imaging revealed a brain tumor. The girl underwent resection of both detected the tumors and an additional satellite lesion revealed during the surgery. The removed tumors were diagnosed as malignant melanomas in pathomorphological examination. Molecular analysis revealed "
2168,brain tumour,39273477,Novel Role of the ,"Complement component 3 (C3) deficiency has recently been reported as one of the novel causes of constipation. To identify a unique gene specific to constipation caused by C3 deficiency, the total RNA extracted from the mid colon of C3 knockout (C3 KO) mice was hybridized to oligonucleotide microarrays, and the function of the candidate gene was verified in in vitro and in vivo models. C3 KO mice used for microarrays showed definite phenotypes of constipation. Overall, compared to the wild type (WT), 1237 genes were upregulated, and 1292 genes were downregulated in the C3 KO mice. Of these, the major genes included were lysine (K)-specific demethylase 5D ("
2169,brain tumour,39273420,CEP-1347 Boosts Chk2-Mediated p53 Activation by Ionizing Radiation to Inhibit the Growth of Malignant Brain Tumor Cells.,"Radiation therapy continues to be the cornerstone treatment for malignant brain tumors, the majority of which express wild-type p53. Therefore, the identification of drugs that promote the ionizing radiation (IR)-induced activation of p53 is expected to increase the efficacy of radiation therapy for these tumors. The growth inhibitory effects of CEP-1347, a known inhibitor of MDM4 expression, on malignant brain tumor cell lines expressing wild-type p53 were examined, alone or in combination with IR, by dye exclusion and/or colony formation assays. The effects of CEP-1347 on the p53 pathway, alone or in combination with IR, were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. The combination of CEP-1347 and IR activated p53 in malignant brain tumor cells and inhibited their growth more effectively than either alone. Mechanistically, CEP-1347 and IR each reduced MDM4 expression, while their combination did not result in further decreases. CEP-1347 promoted IR-induced Chk2 phosphorylation and increased p53 expression in concert with IR in a Chk2-dependent manner. The present results show, for the first time, that CEP-1347 is capable of promoting Chk2-mediated p53 activation by IR in addition to inhibiting the expression of MDM4 and, thus, CEP-1347 has potential as a radiosensitizer for malignant brain tumors expressing wild-type p53."
2170,brain tumour,39273414,Mechanistic Insights on Metformin and Arginine Implementation as Repurposed Drugs in Glioblastoma Treatment.,"As the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor, glioblastoma is still lacking a satisfactory curative approach. The standard management consisting of gross total resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide only prolongs patients' life moderately. In recent years, many therapeutics have failed to give a breakthrough in GBM treatment. In the search for new treatment solutions, we became interested in the repurposing of existing medicines, which have established safety profiles. We focused on the possible implementation of well-known drugs, metformin, and arginine. Metformin is widely used in diabetes treatment, but arginine is mainly a cardiovascular protective drug. We evaluated the effects of metformin and arginine on total DNA methylation, as well as the oxidative stress evoked by treatment with those agents. In glioblastoma cell lines, a decrease in 5-methylcytosine contents was observed with increasing drug concentration. When combined with temozolomide, both guanidines parallelly increased DNA methylation and decreased 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine contents. These effects can be explained by specific interactions of the guanidine group with m"
2171,brain tumour,39273062,Emerging and Biological Concepts in Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas.,"Primary central nervous system tumors are the most frequent solid tumors in children, accounting for over 40% of all childhood brain tumor deaths, specifically high-grade gliomas. Compared with pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs), pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) have an abysmal survival rate. The WHO CNS classification identifies four subtypes of pHGGs, including Grade 4 Diffuse midline glioma H3K27-altered, Grade 4 Diffuse hemispheric gliomas H3-G34-mutant, Grade 4 pediatric-type high-grade glioma H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype, and infant-type hemispheric gliomas. In recent years, we have seen promising advancements in treatment strategies for pediatric high-grade gliomas, including immunotherapy, CAR-T cell therapy, and vaccine approaches, which are currently undergoing clinical trials. These therapies are underscored by the integration of molecular features that further stratify HGG subtypes. Herein, we will discuss the molecular features of pediatric high-grade gliomas and the evolving landscape for treating these challenging tumors."
2172,brain tumour,39273050,Pre-Clinical Models for CAR T-Cell Therapy for Glioma.,"Immunotherapy represents a transformative shift in cancer treatment. Among myriad immune-based approaches, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown promising results in treating hematological malignancies. Despite aggressive treatment options, the prognosis for patients with malignant brain tumors remains poor. Research leveraging CAR T-cell therapy for brain tumors has surged in recent years. Pre-clinical models are crucial in evaluating the safety and efficacy of these therapies before they advance to clinical trials. However, current models recapitulate the human tumor environment to varying degrees. Novel in vitro and in vivo techniques offer the opportunity to validate CAR T-cell therapies but also have limitations. By evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of various pre-clinical glioma models, this review aims to provide a roadmap for the development and pre-clinical testing of CAR T-cell therapies for brain tumors."
2173,brain tumour,39273014,PDCD10 Is a Key Player in TMZ-Resistance and Tumor Cell Regrowth: Insights into Its Underlying Mechanism in Glioblastoma Cells.,"Overcoming temozolomide (TMZ)-resistance is a major challenge in glioblastoma therapy. Therefore, identifying the key molecular player in chemo-resistance becomes urgent. We previously reported the downregulation of PDCD10 in primary glioblastoma patients and its tumor suppressor-like function in glioblastoma cells. Here, we demonstrate that the loss of PDCD10 causes a significant TMZ-resistance during treatment and promotes a rapid regrowth of tumor cells after treatment. PDCD10 knockdown upregulated MGMT, a key enzyme mediating chemo-resistance in glioblastoma, accompanied by increased expression of DNA mismatch repair genes, and enabled tumor cells to evade TMZ-induced cell-cycle arrest. These findings were confirmed in independent models of PDCD10 overexpressing cells. Furthermore, PDCD10 downregulation led to the dedifferentiation of glioblastoma cells, as evidenced by increased clonogenic growth, the upregulation of glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) markers, and enhanced neurosphere formation capacity. GSCs derived from PDCD10 knockdown cells displayed stronger TMZ-resistance and regrowth potency, compared to their parental counterparts, indicating that PDCD10-induced stemness may independently contribute to tumor malignancy. These data provide evidence for a dual role of PDCD10 in tumor suppression by controlling both chemo-resistance and dedifferentiation, and highlight PDCD10 as a potential prognostic marker and target for combination therapy with TMZ in glioblastoma."
2174,brain tumour,39272976,3D-Bioprinted Co-Cultures of Glioblastoma Multiforme and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Indicate a Role for Perivascular Niche Cells in Shaping Glioma Chemokine Microenvironment.,"3D bioprinting has become a valuable tool for studying the biology of solid tumors, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Our analysis of publicly available bulk RNA and single-cell sequencing data has allowed us to define the chemotactic profile of GBM tumors and identify the cell types that secrete particular chemokines in the GBM tumor microenvironment (TME). Our findings indicate that primary GBM tissues express multiple chemokines, whereas spherical monocultures of GBM cells significantly lose this diversity. Subsequently, the comparative analysis of GBM spherical monocultures vs. 3D-bioprinted multicultures of cells showed a restoration of chemokine profile diversity in 3D-bioprinted cultures. Furthermore, single-cell RNA-Seq analysis showed that cells of the perivascular niche (pericytes and endocytes) express multiple chemokines in the GBM TME. Next, we 3D-bioprinted cells from two glioblastoma cell lines, U-251 and DK-MG, alone and as co-cultures with mesenchymal stromal cells (representing cells of the perivascular niche) and assessed the chemokine secretome. The results clearly demonstrated that the interaction of tumors and mesenchymal cells leads to in a significant increase in the repertoire and levels of secreted chemokines under culture in 21% O"
2175,brain tumour,39272945,Exposed Phosphatidylserine as a Biomarker for Clear Identification of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases in Mouse Models.,"Brain metastasis is the most common intracranial malignancy in adults. The prognosis is extremely poor, partly because most patients have more than one brain lesion, and the currently available therapies are nonspecific or inaccessible to those occult metastases due to an impermeable blood-tumor barrier (BTB). Phosphatidylserine (PS) is externalized on the surface of viable endothelial cells (ECs) in tumor blood vessels. In this study, we have applied a PS-targeting antibody to assess brain metastases in mouse models. Fluorescence microscopic imaging revealed that extensive PS exposure was found exclusively on vascular ECs of brain metastases. The highly sensitive and specific binding of the PS antibody enables individual metastases, even micrometastases containing an intact BTB, to be clearly delineated. Furthermore, the conjugation of the PS antibody with a fluorescence dye, IRDye 800CW, or a radioisotope, "
2176,brain tumour,39272914,CSF1R Ligands Expressed by Murine Gliomas Promote M-MDSCs to Suppress CD8,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, resulting in poor survival despite aggressive therapies. GBM is characterized by a highly heterogeneous and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) made up predominantly of infiltrating peripheral immune cells. One significant immune cell type that contributes to glioma immune evasion is a population of immunosuppressive cells, termed myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Previous studies suggest that a subset of myeloid cells, expressing monocytic (M)-MDSC markers and dual expression of chemokine receptors CCR2 and CX3CR1, utilize CCR2 to infiltrate the TME. This study evaluated the mechanism of CCR2"
2177,brain tumour,39272909,"Inter-Ethnic Variations in the Clinical, Pathological, and Molecular Characteristics of Wilms Tumor.","Wilms tumor is the commonest primary renal malignancy in children and demonstrates substantial inter-ethnic variation in clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics. Wilms tumor occurs at a lower incidence and at a younger age in Asians compared to Caucasians and Africans. Asians also present at an earlier stage of disease, with a higher incidence of favorable histology tumors and a lower incidence of perilobar nephrogenic rests compared to Caucasians, while African children present with more advanced disease. Studies have implicated population differences in the incidence of WT1 mutations, loss of imprinting of the IGF2 locus, and loss of heterozygosity of 1p/16q, or 1q gain as possible bases for epidemiological differences in the disease profile of Wilms tumors in various ethnic groups. Yet, evidence to support these associations is confounded by differences in treatment protocols and inequalities in the availability of treatment resources and remains limited by the quality of population-based data, especially in resource-limited settings."
2178,brain tumour,39272888,Traditional Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment Scales Do Not Predict Outcomes from Brain Metastases: A Population-Based Predictive Nomogram.,"Brain metastases are an uncommon yet life-limiting manifestation of prostate cancer. However, there is limited insight into the natural progression, therapeutics, and patient outcomes for prostate cancer once metastasized to the brain. This is a retrospective study of 461 patients with metastatic prostate cancer to the brain with a primary outcome of median overall survival (OS). The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was examined using Cox regression univariate and multivariable analyses, and a corresponding nomogram was developed. The median overall survival was 15 months. In the multivariable analysis, Hispanic patients had significantly increased OS (median OS 17 months, "
2179,brain tumour,39272873,Pain Management in Animals with Oncological Disease: Opioids as Influencers of Immune and Tumor Cellular Balance.,"Advancements in understanding pain physiopathology have historically challenged animals' absence of pain senses. Studies have demonstrated that animals have comparable neural pain pathways, suggesting that cats and dogs likely experience pain similarly to humans. Understanding brain circuits for effective pain control has been crucial to adjusting pain management to the patient's individual responses and current condition. The refinement of analgesic strategies is necessary to better cater to the patient's demands. Cancer pain management searches to ascertain analgesic protocols that enhance patient well-being by minimizing or abolishing pain and reducing its impact on the immune system and cancer cells. Due to their ability to reduce nerve sensitivity, opioids are the mainstay for managing moderate and severe acute pain; however, despite their association with tumor progression, specific opioid agents have immune-protective properties and are considered safe alternatives to analgesia for cancer patients."
2180,brain tumour,39272864,Development of New Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Mouse Models.,"Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most diagnosed, aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma, with ~40% of patients experiencing refractory or relapsed disease. Given the low response rates to current therapy, alternative treatment strategies are necessary to improve patient outcomes. Here, we sought to develop an easily accessible new xenograft mouse model that better recapitulates the human disease for preclinical studies. We generated two Luciferase (Luc)-EGFP-expressing human DLBCL cell lines representing the different DLBCL cell-of-origin subtypes. After intravenous injection of these cells into humanized NSG mice, we monitored the tumor growth and evaluated the organ-specific engraftment/progression period. Our results showed that human IL6-expressing NSG (NSG-IL6) mice were highly permissive for DLBCL cell growth. In NSG-IL6 mice, systemic engraftments of both U2932 activated B cell-like- and VAL germinal B cell-like-DLBCL (engraftment rate; 75% and 82%, respectively) were detected within 2nd-week post-injection. In the organ-specific ex vivo evaluation, both U2932-"
2181,brain tumour,39272844,Sex Difference in Disease-Related Adverse Events Post-Diagnosis of Lung Cancer Brain Metastases in Medicare Individuals ≥ 66 Years of Age.,"Sex differences are evident in adverse events (AEs) related to brain tumors, yet sex differences in AEs specific to brain metastases (BrMs) are underexplored. Lung cancer BrMs dominate among BrM, comprising over half of cases. This study examined sex differences in AEs associated with lung cancer BrMs in individuals aged 66 or older using the SEER-Medicare dataset. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for demographic factors and comorbidities, stratified by histological subtype, treatment, age, and year of diagnosis were used to analyze AEs among those with BrMs from primary lung tumors. Year of diagnosis was grouped into prior/post-2013, to account for shifts in treatment paradigms. The results showed nuanced sex-specific AEs. Females diagnosed post-2013 with small-cell, squamous-cell, or other non-small-cell carcinoma BrMs had a higher headache likelihood than males. Males with adenocarcinoma post-2013 were more likely to experience brain herniation. Females aged 76 and older with small-cell BrM exhibited increased vision difficulty risk compared to males of the same age, with no significant difference in other age groups. Males treated for adenocarcinoma faced heightened hemorrhagic stroke risk. This study reveals sex-specific disparities in AEs among older individuals with lung cancer BrMs, varying by histological subtype, age, diagnosis year, and treatment."
2182,brain tumour,39272840,Radiation Dose-Induced Carotid Artery Stenosis and Brain Necrosis in Head and Neck Cancer-A Real World Cohort Study.,
2183,brain tumour,39272694,"Genetics, Pathophysiology, and Current Challenges in Von Hippel-Lindau Disease Therapeutics.","This review article focuses on von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, a rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of tumors and cysts throughout the body. It discusses the following aspects of the disease."
2184,brain tumour,39272133,Glucose metabolism in glioma: an emerging sight with ncRNAs.,"Glioma is a primary brain tumor that grows quickly, has an unfavorable prognosis, and can spread intracerebrally. Glioma cells rely on glucose as the major energy source, and glycolysis plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and progression. Substrate utilization shifts throughout glioma progression to facilitate energy generation and biomass accumulation. This metabolic reprogramming promotes glioma cell proliferation and metastasis and ultimately decreases the efficacy of conventional treatments. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in several glucose metabolism pathways during tumor initiation and progression. These RNAs influence cell viability and glucose metabolism by modulating the expression of key genes of the glycolytic pathway. They can directly or indirectly affect glycolysis in glioma cells by influencing the transcription and post-transcriptional regulation of oncogenes and suppressor genes. In this review, we discussed the role of ncRNAs in the metabolic reprogramming of glioma cells and tumor microenvironments and their abnormal expression in the glucometabolic pathway in glioma. In addition, we consolidated the existing theoretical knowledge to facilitate the use of this emerging class of biomarkers as biological indicators and potential therapeutic targets for glioma."
2185,brain tumour,39272120,Identification of autophagy-related genes as potential biomarkers correlated with immune infiltration in bipolar disorder: a bioinformatics analysis.,"Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a kind of manic and depressive phase alternate episodes of serious mental illness, and it is correlated with well-documented cortical brain abnormalities. Emerging evidence supports that autophagy dysfunction in neuronal system contributes to pathophysiological changes in neurological disease. However, the role of autophagy in bipolar disorder has rarely been elucidated. This study aimed to identify the autophagy-related gene as a potential biomarker Correlated to immune infiltration in BPD."
2186,brain tumour,39272048,Central nervous system pediatric multi-disciplinary tumor board: a single center experience.,"The Multidisciplinary Tumor Board (MTB) is a collaborative platform involving specialists in oncology, surgery, radiology, pathology, and radiotherapy, and aims to optimize diagnostics and treatments. Despite MTB's widespread benefits, limited literature addresses its application in pediatric neuro-oncology. After a literature revision on pediatric neuro-oncology MTB, our study describes our institute's pediatric neuro-oncology MTB, focuses on evaluating its impact and the neuroradiologist's role in patient-centric approaches, considering recent genetic insights into pediatric brain tumors."
2187,brain tumour,39272024,Energy metabolism-related GLUD1 contributes to favorable clinical outcomes of IDH-mutant glioma.,"Glioma is the most common brain tumor. IDH mutations occur frequently in glioma, indicating a more favorable prognosis. We aimed to explore energy metabolism-related genes in glioma to promote the research and treatment."
2188,brain tumour,39271985,A novel approach to the analysis of Overall Survival (OS) as response with Progression-Free Interval (PFI) as condition based on the RNA-seq expression data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).,Overall Survival (OS) and Progression-Free Interval (PFI) as survival times have been collected in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). It is of biomedical interest to consider their dependence in pathway detection and survival prediction. We intend to develop novel methods for integrating PFI as condition based on parametric survival models for identifying pathways associated with OS and predicting OS.
2189,brain tumour,39271837,FDA approves first IDH-targeted glioma drug.,No abstract found
2190,brain tumour,39271763,Development of microsurgical forceps equipped with haptic technology for in situ differentiation of brain tumors during microsurgery.,"The stiffness of human cancers may be correlated with their pathology, and can be used as a biomarker for diagnosis, malignancy prediction, molecular expression, and postoperative complications. Neurosurgeons perform tumor resection based on tactile sensations. However, it takes years of surgical experience to appropriately distinguish brain tumors from surrounding parenchymal tissue. Haptics is a technology related to the touch sensation. Haptic technology can amplify, transmit, record, and reproduce real sensations, and the physical properties (e.g., stiffness) of an object can be quantified. In the present study, glioblastoma (SF126-firefly luciferase-mCherry [FmC], U87-FmC, U251-FmC) and malignant meningioma (IOMM-Lee-FmC, HKBMM-FmC) cell lines were transplanted into nude mice, and the stiffness of tumors and normal brain tissues were measured using our newly developed surgical forceps equipped with haptic technology. We found that all five brain tumor tissues were stiffer than normal brain tissue (p < 0.001), and that brain tumor pathology (three types of glioblastomas, two types of malignant meningioma) was significantly stiffer than normal brain tissue (p < 0.001 for all). Our findings suggest that tissue stiffness may be a useful marker to distinguish brain tumors from surrounding parenchymal tissue during microsurgery, and that haptic forceps may help neurosurgeons to sense minute changes in tissue stiffness."
2191,brain tumour,39271729,Comparative of OCT and OCTA parameters in patients with early chronic angle-closure glaucoma and early pituitary adenoma.,"Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) have the potential application in evaluating pathological structural change of the optic nerve. We aimed to evaluate the value of the OCT and OCTA parameters of the optic disk and macular in differentiating early chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma (CPACG) and early pituitary adenoma (PA) in case of mild visual field defects (the mean defect (MD) > 6 dB). The results showed that regarding OCTA parameters, CPACG patients had lower retinal blood flow density of most layers of the optic disk and macular than PA patients. Regarding OCT parameters, CPACG patients had thinner circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (CP-RNFL) in all quadrants and average CP-RNFL, ganglion cell layer (GCL) and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) in each quadrant of macular inner and outer rings, and inner plexus layer (IPL) of macular inner ring, superior-outer ring and temporal-outer ring than PA patients. The Z test indicated that OCTA parameters and OCT parameters had similar value in the diagnosis of disease. In conclusion, in the case of similar visual field damage, early CPACG patients have smaller blood flow density and thinner optic disk and macular than early PA. OCTA has similar performance to OCT in diagnosing CPACG and PA."
2192,brain tumour,39271721,Ultrasound frequency-controlled microbubble dynamics in brain vessels regulate the enrichment of inflammatory pathways in the blood-brain barrier.,"Microbubble-enhanced ultrasound provides a noninvasive physical method to locally overcome major obstacles to the accumulation of blood-borne therapeutics in the brain, posed by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, due to the highly nonlinear and coupled behavior of microbubble dynamics in brain vessels, the impact of microbubble resonant effects on BBB signaling and function remains undefined. Here, combined theoretical and prospective experimental investigations reveal that microbubble resonant effects in brain capillaries can control the enrichment of inflammatory pathways that are sensitive to wall shear stress and promote differential expression of a range of transcripts in the BBB, supporting the notion that microbubble dynamics exerted mechanical stress can be used to establish molecular, in addition to spatial, therapeutic windows to target brain diseases. Consistent with these findings, a robust increase in cytotoxic T-cell accumulation in brain tumors was observed, demonstrating the functional relevance and potential clinical significance of the observed immuno-mechano-biological responses."
2193,brain tumour,39271502,"Letter to Editor, ""The effects of dabrafenib and/or trametinib treatment in Braf V600mutant glioma: a systematic review and metaanalysis"".","This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the effects of dabrafenib and/or trametinib in treating BRAF V600-mutant gliomas. The study analyzed eight trials involving both high-grade and low-grade glioma patients, assessing outcomes such as progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), adverse events (AEs), and disease response. The pooled results showed a median PFS of 6.10 months and OS of 22.73 months, with notable improvement in disease response rates when using combination therapy. However, the high incidence of AEs (50%) and death events (43%) necessitates caution in interpreting these results. The study's limitations include a lack of randomized controlled trials and high heterogeneity in AE data. Future research should focus on larger, controlled studies, standardized AE assessments, and exploration of neurocognitive outcomes to better understand and optimize treatment strategies for BRAF V600-mutant gliomas."
2194,brain tumour,39271290,"CNS Embryonal Tumor with PLAGL Amplification, a New Tumor Type in Children and Adolescents: Insights from a Comprehensive MRI Analysis.",CNS embryonal tumor with 
2195,brain tumour,39271103,IRescue: uncertainty-aware quantification of transposable elements expression at single cell level.,"Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile DNA repeats known to shape the evolution of eukaryotic genomes. In complex organisms, they exhibit tissue-specific transcription. However, understanding their role in cellular diversity across most tissues remains a challenge, when employing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), due to their widespread presence and genetic similarity. To address this, we present IRescue (Interspersed Repeats single-cell quantifier), a software capable of estimating the expression of TE subfamilies at the single-cell level. IRescue incorporates a unique UMI deduplication algorithm to rectify sequencing errors and employs an Expectation-Maximization procedure to effectively redistribute the counts of multi-mapping reads. Our study showcases the precision of IRescue through analysis of both simulated and real single cell and nuclei RNA-seq data from human colorectal cancer, brain, skin aging, and PBMCs during SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovery. By linking the expression patterns of TE signatures to specific conditions and biological contexts, we unveil insights into their potential roles in cellular heterogeneity and disease progression."
2196,brain tumour,39271074,Impact of psychiatric disorders on the risk of glioma: Mendelian randomization and biological annotation.,"The conflicting results about the relationship between certain psychiatric disorders and glioma has been reported in previous studies. Moreover, little is known about the common pathogenic mechanism between psychiatric symptoms and glioma. This study aims to find out mental disorders related etiology of glioma and to interpret the underlying biological mechanisms."
2197,brain tumour,39270996,Construction and validation of a TAMRGs prognostic signature for gliomas by integrated analysis of scRNA and bulk RNA sequencing data.,This study aimed to construct and validate a prognostic model based on tumor associated macrophage-related genes (TAMRGs) by integrating single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq) data.
2198,brain tumour,39270948,Nod-like receptors: The relevant elements of glioblastoma`s prognostic puzzle.,"Despite considerable improvements in understanding the biology of glioblastoma (GB), it still remains the most lethal type of brain tumor in adults. The role of innate immune cells in the development of GB was recently described. In particular, the tumor-immune cell interactions are thought to be critical in enabling tumor tolerance and even protection against therapeutics. Interestingly, the GB cells express proteins belonging to the family of intracellular pattern-recognition receptors, namely the NOD-like receptors (NLRs). Their activation may trigger the formation of the inflammasome complex leading to the secretion of mature IL-1β and IL-18 and thus resulting in cell death. Intrudingly, the expression of most NLRs was found to be correlated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. We speculate that recognizing the role of NOD-like receptors in GB has the potential to improve the effectiveness of diagnostic tools and prognosis, while also encouraging the development of novel precision medicine-based therapies."
2199,brain tumour,39270877,Parental Attitudes Towards Palliative Care in Pediatric Oncology: Insights From Bereaved Families.,"Palliative care (PC) has shown significant growth in the US and is associated with improved patient and caregiver experiences. Nevertheless, there are concerns that PC is underutilized in pediatric oncology. Understanding parental attitudes towards PC is crucial to improving PC utilization."
2200,brain tumour,39270836,"In vivo pharmacokinetic study of carmustine in rats after giving single-dose of carmustine API solution, flexible liposomes, in situ nasal gel, optimized flexible liposomes embedded in situ nasal gel, and marketed formulation.","Carmustine is used in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). GBM is a well-known life-threatening type of cancerous tumor. GBM covers 60.00% among all primary brain tumors, with an occurrence of 74,000 cases across the globe. Management for GBM is still very difficult because most of the medicines are unable to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The present work observed that flexible liposomes embedded in situ nasal gel of carmustine is the best brain-targeted medicine delivery system for the management of GBM through the nasal route."
2201,brain tumour,39270781,Intradural Extramedullary Small Cell Lung Cancer Metastasis Resection: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.,The presented surgical video (Video 1) demonstrates the resection of an intradural extramedullary metastasis in a 62-year-old female patient with a history of metastatic small cell lung cancer (SCLC). SCLC commonly metastasizes to the central nervous system.
2202,brain tumour,39270762,Glioma nanotherapy: Unleashing the synergy of dual-loaded DIM and TMZ.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive form of primary brain tumor in adults, which unfortunately has an abysmal prognosis and poor survival rates. The reason behind the poor success rate of several FDA-approved drug is mainly attributed to insufficient drug distribution to the tumor site across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and induction of resistance. In this study, we have developed a novel nanotherapeutic approach to achieve our goal. PLGA-based nanoencapsulation of both Temozolomide (TMZ) and EGFR inhibitor 3,3'-diindoyl methane (DIM) in a combinatorial approach enhances the delivery of them together. Their synergistic mode of actions, significantly enhances the cytotoxic effect of TMZ in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the dual-loaded nanoformulation works more efficiently on DNA damage and apoptosis, resulting in a several-fold reduction in tumor burden in vivo, systemic drug toxicity, and increased survival. These findings suggest the preclinical potential of this new treatment strategy."
2203,brain tumour,39270733,The effect of SGLT2 inhibition on brain-related phenotypes and aging: a drug target Mendelian randomization study.,"Observational study suggested SGLT2 inhibitors might promote healthy aging. However, whether brain-related phenotypes mediate this association. We applied Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the effect of SGLT2 inhibition on chronological, biological age and cognition and explore the mediation effects of brain imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs)."
2204,brain tumour,39270646,Distinct tumor architectures and microenvironments for the initiation of breast cancer metastasis in the brain.,"Brain metastasis, a serious complication of cancer, hinges on the initial survival, microenvironment adaptation, and outgrowth of disseminated cancer cells. To understand the early stages of brain colonization, we investigated two prevalent sources of cerebral relapse, triple-negative (TNBC) and HER2+ (HER2BC) breast cancers. Using mouse models and human tissue samples, we found that these tumor types colonize the brain, with a preference for distinctive tumor architectures, stromal interfaces, and autocrine programs. TNBC models tend to form perivascular sheaths with diffusive contact with astrocytes and microglia. In contrast, HER2BC models tend to form compact spheroids driven by autonomous tenascin C production, segregating stromal cells to the periphery. Single-cell transcriptomics of the tumor microenvironment revealed that these architectures evoke differential Alzheimer's disease-associated microglia (DAM) responses and engagement of the GAS6 receptor AXL. The spatial features of the two modes of brain colonization have relevance for leveraging the stroma to treat brain metastasis."
2205,brain tumour,39270598,Probing the glioma micro-environment: Analysis using biopsy in combination with ultra-fast cyclic immunolabeling.,"The interaction between gliomas and the immune system is poorly understood and thus hindering development of effective immunotherapies for glioma patients. The immune response is highly variable during tumor development, and affected by therapies such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Currently, analysis of these local changes is difficult due to poor accessibility of the tumor and high-morbidity of sampling. In this study, we developed a model for repeat-biopsy in mice to study these local immunological changes over time. Using fine needle biopsy we were able to safely and repeatedly collect cells from intracranial tumors in mice. Ultra-fast cycling technology (FAST) was used for multi-cycle immunofluorescence of retrieved cells, and provided insights in the changing immune response over time. The combination of these techniques can be utilized to study changes in the immune response in glioma or other intracranial diseases over time, and in response to treatment within the same animal."
2206,brain tumour,39270380,Five-year outcomes with first-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab with 2 cycles of chemotherapy versus 4 cycles of chemotherapy alone in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in the randomized CheckMate 9LA trial.,We report 5-year efficacy and safety outcomes from CheckMate 9LA in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) and exploratory analyses in key patient subgroups.
2207,brain tumour,39270056,Accelerated CEST imaging through deep learning quantification from reduced frequency offsets.,To shorten CEST acquisition time by leveraging Z-spectrum undersampling combined with deep learning for CEST map construction from undersampled Z-spectra.
2208,brain tumour,39270027,Positronium image of the human brain in vivo.,"Positronium is abundantly produced within the molecular voids of a patient's body during positron emission tomography (PET). Its properties dynamically respond to the submolecular architecture of the tissue and the partial pressure of oxygen. Current PET systems record only two annihilation photons and cannot provide information about the positronium lifetime. This study presents the in vivo images of positronium lifetime in a human, for a patient with a glioblastoma brain tumor, by using the dedicated Jagiellonian PET system enabling simultaneous detection of annihilation photons and prompt gamma emitted by a radionuclide. The prompt gamma provides information on the time of positronium formation. The photons from positronium annihilation are used to reconstruct the place and time of its decay. In the presented case study, the determined positron and positronium lifetimes in glioblastoma cells are shorter than those in salivary glands and those in healthy brain tissues, indicating that positronium imaging could be used to diagnose disease in vivo."
2209,brain tumour,39269900,Protocol to generate two distinct standard-of-care murine glioblastoma models for evaluating novel combination therapies.,"In cancer research, murine models play a crucial role as highly valuable preclinical tools. Here, we present a protocol to generate a murine model of glioblastoma through the direct intracranial injection of tumor cells. We describe steps for cell culture, intracranial implantation, and standard-of-care treatments. We then detail procedures for monitoring tumor growth using bioluminescent imaging. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Pelizzari-Raymundo et al."
2210,brain tumour,39269896,VASARI Glioma Features: Insights into Their Impact and Performance.,No abstract found
2211,brain tumour,39269801,Diffusion Models for Counterfactual Generation and Anomaly Detection in Brain Images.,"Segmentation masks of pathological areas are useful in many medical applications, such as brain tumour and stroke management. Moreover, healthy counterfactuals of diseased images can be used to enhance radiologists' training files and to improve the interpretability of segmentation models. In this work, we present a weakly supervised method to generate a healthy version of a diseased image and then use it to obtain a pixel-wise anomaly map. To do so, we start by considering a saliency map that approximately covers the pathological areas, obtained with ACAT. Then, we propose a technique that allows to perform targeted modifications to these regions, while preserving the rest of the image. In particular, we employ a diffusion model trained on healthy samples and combine Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DDPM) and Denoising Diffusion Implicit Model (DDIM) at each step of the sampling process. DDPM is used to modify the areas affected by a lesion within the saliency map, while DDIM guarantees reconstruction of the normal anatomy outside of it. The two parts are also fused at each timestep, to guarantee the generation of a sample with a coherent appearance and a seamless transition between edited and unedited parts. We verify that when our method is applied to healthy samples, the input images are reconstructed without significant modifications. We compare our approach with alternative weakly supervised methods on the task of brain lesion segmentation, achieving the highest mean Dice and IoU scores among the models considered."
2212,brain tumour,39269764,Social and Health-related Changes in Hispanic Cancer Patients during the COVID-19 Lockdown.,The current study aimed to explore changes in health-related behaviors and social practices in Hispanic cancer patients during a government-mandated lockdown and their relationship to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
2213,brain tumour,39269545,Pituitary apoplexy: a comprehensive analysis of 93 cases across functioning and non-functioning pituitary adenomas from a single-center.,Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a rare clinical syndrome due to acute/subacute pituitary hemorrhage and/or infarction; data on PA in functioning pituitary adenoma (FPA) is scarce.
2214,brain tumour,39269483,Bayesian identification and estimation of radon-related increased hazard rates of cancer death in the updated French cohort of uranium miners (1946-2014).,"A recent update of the French cohort of uranium miners added seven years of follow-up data. We use these new data to look for new possible radon-related increased risks and refine the estimation of the potential association between cumulative radon exposure and four cancer sites: lung cancer, kidney cancer, brain and central nervous system (CNS) cancer and leukemia (excluding chronic lymphocytic leukemia, which is not radiation-induced)."
2215,brain tumour,39269178,"NVL-655 Is a Selective and Brain-Penetrant Inhibitor of Diverse ALK-Mutant Oncoproteins, Including Lorlatinib-Resistant Compound Mutations.","Three generations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have been approved for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer. However, none address the combined need for broad resistance coverage, brain activity, and avoidance of clinically dose-limiting TRK inhibition. NVL-655 is a rationally designed TKI with >50-fold selectivity for ALK over 96% of the kinome tested. In vitro, NVL-655 inhibits diverse ALK fusions, activating alterations, and resistance mutations, showing ≥100-fold improved potency against ALKG1202R single and compound mutations over approved ALK TKIs. In vivo, it induces regression across 12 tumor models, including intracranial and patient-derived xenografts. NVL-655 inhibits ALK over TRK with 22-fold to >874-fold selectivity. These preclinical findings are supported by three case studies from an ongoing first-in-human phase I/II trial of NVL-655 which demonstrate preliminary proof-of-concept clinical activity in heavily pretreated patients with ALK fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer, including in patients with brain metastases and single or compound ALK resistance mutations. Significance: By combining broad activity against single and compound ALK resistance mutations, brain penetrance, and selectivity, NVL-655 addresses key limitations of currently approved ALK inhibitors and has the potential to represent a distinct advancement as a fourth-generation inhibitor for patients with ALK-driven cancers."
2216,brain tumour,39269157,Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma Harboring the EWSR1 - CREB3L1 Gene Fusion: The Importance of Molecular Classification in Pediatric Sarcomas.,Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is a very rare soft tissue sarcoma that most commonly presents in middle-aged and elderly adults but has been rarely seen in children. SEF is a very aggressive tumor with over 50% of patients experiencing local recurrence and 40% to 80% of patients experiencing distant metastatic spread. This disease has been shown to be resistant to chemotherapy and is classically treated with surgical excision.
2217,brain tumour,39268928,T2-FLAIR imaging-based radiomic features for predicting early postoperative recurrence of grade II gliomas.,
2218,brain tumour,39268917,CaMKK2: bridging the gap between Ca2+ signaling and energy-sensing.,"Calcium (Ca2+) ions are ubiquitous and indispensable signaling messengers that regulate virtually every cell function. The unique ability of Ca2+ to regulate so many different processes yet cause stimulus specific changes in cell function requires sensing and decoding of Ca2+ signals. Ca2+-sensing proteins, such as calmodulin, decode Ca2+ signals by binding and modifying the function of a diverse range of effector proteins. These effectors include the Ca2+-calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase-2 (CaMKK2) enzyme, which is the core component of a signaling cascade that plays a key role in important physiological and pathophysiological processes, including brain function and cancer. In addition to its role as a Ca2+ signal decoder, CaMKK2 also serves as an important junction point that connects Ca2+ signaling with energy metabolism. By activating the metabolic regulator AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), CaMKK2 integrates Ca2+ signals with cellular energy status, enabling the synchronization of cellular activities regulated by Ca2+ with energy availability. Here, we review the structure, regulation, and function of CaMKK2 and discuss its potential as a treatment target for neurological disorders, metabolic disease, and cancer."
2219,brain tumour,39268242,Causal relationship between genetically predicted uterine leiomyoma and cancer risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization.,"Studies have demonstrated that hormonal imbalance, such as elevated level of estrogen or reduced level of progesterone, was the main inducing factor of uterine leiomyoma (UL) development and some cancers. UL has been reported to be associated with several cancers in observational studies. However, the causal associations between UL and cancers remain unclear."
2220,brain tumour,39268117,The prognostic analysis and a machine-learning based disease-specific survival state model in pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas.,"Pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (PLCNEC) is a rare and highly malignant lung cancer. Due to the paucity of data from clinical studies, its clinical characteristics and treatment remain controversial. The present study explored factors influencing the prognosis and survival outcomes of patients with PLCNEC and developed a dependable prognostic model using machine learning."
2221,brain tumour,39267763,Amnestic syndrome in the course of seronegative limbic encephalitis complicated by drug-resistant epilepsy: a case report.,"We present the case of a 35-year-old female patient admitted to the hospital with symptoms of rapidly increasing disturbances of consciousness and fever for 48 hours. A lumbar puncture, bacteriological and virological examinations, and initial imaging studies did not show abnormalities. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), repeated several times, showed hyperintense confluent lesions in both temporal lobes and atrophy of both hippocampi. General examination, cerebrospinal fluid culture, the panel of antineuronal antibodies, and tumor markers remained negative on subsequent repeats. Despite several laboratory and imaging studies, the etiology of the disease could not be established, infections were excluded, and no autoantibodies were found. A diagnosis of probable limbic encephalitis, amnestic syndrome resulting from organic brain damage, and drug-resistant epilepsy was made. The patient, with limbic encephalitis complicated by drug-resistant status epilepticus, was treated with cycles of immunoglobulin and subsequent plasmapheresis. She was then transferred to the Department of Psychiatry for diagnosis and treatment of intermittent psychotic disorders. During hospitalization, the patient was observed to have multiple epileptic seizures with temporal and frontal morphology, amnestic syndrome with confabulations, and periodic psychotic disorders with the occurrence of visual hallucinations. Antiepileptic treatment was escalated by including cenobamate in increasing doses. To control the mental disorders, duloxetine, tiapride, and cognitive function exercises were introduced. There was a slight improvement in memory, a cessation of confabulations, and an emergence of the patient's criticism of the symptoms presented. The psychotic symptoms subsided, and the number of epileptic seizures decreased. The described case portrays a unique co-occurrence of disease symptoms that are difficult to treat. It shows the therapeutic difficulties that can occur in patients with suspected autoimmune encephalitis. Furthermore, it shows the need for multispecialty care of a patient with psychotic symptoms in the course of epilepsy accompanied by amnestic syndrome."
2222,brain tumour,39267734,Decoding the secret of extracellular vesicles in the immune tumor microenvironment of the glioblastoma: on the border of kingdoms.,"Over the last decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become increasingly popular for their roles in various pathologies, including cancer and neurological and immunological disorders. EVs have been considered for a long time as a means for normal cells to get rid of molecules it no longer needs. It is now well established that EVs play their biological roles also following uptake or by the interaction of EV surface proteins with cellular receptors and membranes. In this review, we summarize the current status of EV production and secretion in glioblastoma, the most aggressive type of glioma associated with high mortality. The main purpose is to shed light on the EVs as a universal mediator of interkingdom and intrakingdom communication in the context of tumor microenvironment heterogeneity. We focus on the immunomodulatory EV functions in glioblastoma-immune cross-talk to enhance immune escape and reprogram tumor-infiltrating immune cells. We critically examine the evidence that GBM-, immune cell-, and microbiome-derived EVs impact local tumor microenvironment and host immune responses, and can enter the circulatory system to disseminate and drive premetastatic niche formation in distant organs. Taking into account the current state of the art in intratumoral microbiome studies, we discuss the emerging role of bacterial EV in glioblastoma and its response to current and future therapies including immunotherapies."
2223,brain tumour,39267674,Sophocarpine inhibits the progression of glioblastoma via PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most fatal primary brain tumor which lacks effective treatment drugs. Alkaloids are known as a class of potential anti-tumor agents. Sophocarpine, a tetracyclic quinazoline alkaloid derived from "
2224,brain tumour,39267113,A multifunctional targeted nano-delivery system with radiosensitization and immune activation in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary brain malignancy in adults, is notoriously difficult to treat due to several factors: tendency to be radiation resistant, the presence of the blood brain barrier (BBB) which limits drug delivery and immune-privileged status which hampers effective immune responses. Traditionally, high-dose irradiation (8 Gy) is known to effectively enhance anti-tumor immune responses, but its application is limited by the risk of severe brain damage. Currently, conventional dose segmentation (2 Gy) is the standard radiotherapy method, which does not fully exploit the potential of high-dose irradiation for immune activation. The hypothesis of our study posits that instead of directly applying high doses of radiation, which is risky, a strategy could be developed to harness the immune-stimulating benefits of high-dose irradiation indirectly. This involves using nanoparticles to enhance antigen presentation and immune responses in a safer manner. Angiopep-2 (A2) was proved a satisfactory BBB and brain targeting and Dbait is a small molecule that hijack DNA double strand break damage (DSB) repair proteins to make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation. In view of that, the following two nanoparticles were designed to combine immunity of GBM, radiation resistance and BBB innovatively. One is cationic liposome nanoparticle interacting with Dbait (A2-CL/Dbait NPs) for radiosensitization effect; the other is PLGA-PEG-Mal nanoparticle conjugated with OX40 antibody (A2-PLGA-PEG-Mal/anti-OX40 NPs) for tumor-derived protein antigens capture and optimistic immunoregulatory effect of anti-OX40 (which is known to enhance the activation and proliferation T cells). Both types of nanoparticles showed favorable targeting and low toxicity in experimental models. Specifically, the combination of A2-CL/Dbait NPs and A2-PLGA-PEG-Mal/anti-OX40 NPs led to a significant extension in the survival time and a significant tumor shrinkage of mice with GBM. The study demonstrates that combining these innovative nanoparticles with conventional radiotherapy can effectively address key challenges in GBM treatment. It represents a significant step toward more effective and safer therapeutic options for GBM patients."
2225,brain tumour,39267002,Comparison of a new MR rapid wash-out map with MR perfusion in brain tumors.,"MR perfusion is a standard marker to distinguish progression and therapy-associated changes after surgery and radiochemotherapy for glioblastoma. TRAMs (Treatment Response Assessment Maps) were introduced, which are intended to facilitate the differentiation of vital tumor cells and radiation necrosis by means of late (20-90 min) contrast clearance and enhancement. The differences of MR perfusion and late-enhancement are not fully understood yet."
2226,brain tumour,39266885,"Procedural volume is linearly associated with mortality, major complications, and readmissions in patients undergoing malignant brain tumor resection.","Improved outcomes have been noted in patients undergoing malignant brain tumor resection at high-volume centers. Studies have arbitrarily chosen high-volume dichotomous cutoffs and have not evaluated volume-outcome associations at specific institutional procedural volumes. We sought to establish the continuous association of volume with patient outcomes and identify cutoffs significantly associated with mortality, major complications, and readmissions. We hypothesized that a linear volume-outcome relationship can estimate likelihood of adverse outcomes when comparing any two volumes."
2227,brain tumour,39266706,Hijacked macrophages sustain glioblastoma cells.,No abstract found
2228,brain tumour,39266704,Lymphopenia associated with whole-brain radiotherapy and its effects on clinical outcomes of patients with brain metastases.,"There is increasing awareness of radiotherapy's potential side effects, such as lymphopenia. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the association between WBRT and the development of lymphopenia in patients with brain metastases undergoing brain radiotherapy (RT), along with evaluating the corresponding clinical outcomes. Including 116 patients with brain metastases undergoing brain radiotherapy, the study collected the absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) within 2 weeks before brain radiotherapy (pre-radiotherapy, pre-RT), as well as ones at 1 and 2 months after completing RT (post-RT). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify associations between radiation modality and post-RT ALC. The relationships between post-RT ALC and overall survival were evaluated with Kaplan-Meier analysis and a multivariate Cox regression model. The median ALC definitely decreased at 1 month post-RT, but at 2 months post-RT, gradually rose but not to the pre-RT ALC. The multivariate analysis identified WBRT and lower pre-RT ALC as independent risk factors associated with the decrease in post-RT ALC at 1 month. It also revealed more than 4 brain metastases, G3-4 lymphopenia at 1 month and lower post-RT ALC at 2 months exhibited significantly worse prognosis regardless of the radiation modality. However, there was indeed an independent correlation between radiation modality and the outcome of intracranial progression-free survival (PFS). To approach the feasibility and reasonableness of treatment, clinicians should carefully consider various factors to achieve long-term survival of patients."
2229,brain tumour,39266624,Andrographolide sensitizes glioma to temozolomide by inhibiting DKK1 expression.,"Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for gliomas treatment. However, the clinical efficacy of TMZ in glioma patients was very limited. Therefore, it is urgently needed to discover a novel approach to increase the sensitivity of glioma cells to TMZ."
2230,brain tumour,39266576,Epigenetic silencing of ZIC4 unveils a potential tumor suppressor role in pediatric choroid plexus carcinoma.,"Zic family member ZIC4 is a transcription factor that has been shown to be silenced in several cancers. However, understanding the regulation and function of ZIC4 in pediatric choroid plexus tumors (CPTs) remained limited. This study employed data mining and bioinformatics analysis to investigate the DNA methylation status of ZIC4 in CPTs and its correlation with patient survival. Our results unveiled ZIC4 methylation as a segregating factor, dividing CPT cohorts into two clusters, with hyper-methylation linked to adverse prognosis. Hyper-methylation of ZIC4 was confirmed in a choroid plexus carcinoma-derived cell line (CCHE-45) by bisulfite sequencing. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that demethylating agent and a histone methyltransferase inhibitor could reverse ZIC4 silencing. RNA sequencing and proteomic analysis showed that ZIC4 over-expression influenced genes and proteins involved in immune response, antigen processing and presentation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and metabolism. Functionally, re-expressing ZIC4 negatively impacted cell proliferation and migration. Ultimately, these findings underscore ZIC4 hyper-methylation as a prognostic marker in CPTs and shed light on potential mechanisms underlying its tumor suppressor role in CPC. This insight paves the way for novel therapeutic targets in treating aggressive CPTs."
2231,brain tumour,39266408,Clinical significance of pituitary adenoma consistency in patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery.,No abstract found
2232,brain tumour,39266061,Preliminary studies on changes in the amount of tryptophan metabolites in human glioma tissues.,"We have developed and validated methods for the determination of three major tryptophan metabolites metabolized by the kynurenine pathway, namely kynurenine (KYN), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA). KYN and 3-HK were determined using RP-HPLC-UV, and 3-HAA using RP-HPLC-FL. We then developed a comparative method based on CE-UV. The developed methods were validated and 36 samples of human brain glioma tissue homogenates were assayed in all 4 grades of malignancy, and the concentration levels of assayed metabolites were compared with available clinical data."
2233,brain tumour,39265942,Congenital Brain Tumors: Surgical Outcomes and Long-Term Prognostic Factors.,To evaluate long-term outcomes of surgical resection for congenital brain tumors (CBTs) in infants under one year of age and to identify factors related to survival.
2234,brain tumour,39265843,Bmal1 regulates the stemness and tumorigenesis of gliomas with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.,"The circadian rhythm gene Brain and Muscle Arnt-like1 (Bmal1) acts as a transcription factor and plays a crucial role in oncogenesis and embryonic development. Bmal1 is notably overexpressed in various tumors, including glioma. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the elevated Bmal1 expression in glioma malignancy remain unclear."
2235,brain tumour,39265784,Effects of a motor and cognitive training program on executive function and different biomarkers related to muscle-brain crosstalk in breast cancer survivors: 3-arm randomised controlled BRAINonFIT study protocol.,"Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a significant but often neglected issue for breast cancer survivors that reduces their quality of life. Physical exercise and cognitive training have emerged as promising strategies for CRCI; however, evidence regarding its effectiveness is still unknown. A recently developed motor-cognitive training (dual-tasks) is proposed to examine its efficacy on executive function, physical fitness, emotional symptomatology, and important muscle-brain crosstalk biomarkers."
2236,brain tumour,39265698,Long-term exposure to polystyrene microplastics reduces macrophages and affects the microbiota-gut-brain axis in mice.,"The remarkably increase in plastic use has led to worldwide pollution involving microplastics (MPs), which have been shown to be potentially hazardous substances. Although several studies have focused on the effects of small MPs on the brain and behavior of aquatic species, their effects on the mouse brain and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our study's aim was to investigate the effects of long-term oral ingestion of different sizes of MPs (0.1, 5, and 50 μm) on mouse colon tissue. Of these sizes, the smallest (0.1 μm) had the greatest effect. Pre-administration of MP promotes colitis but reduces tumor growth in a colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) mouse mode. MPs can increase inflammation in mice via activation of the very late antigen 4-vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VLA4-VCAM1) signaling pathway in macrophages, while also inducing macrophage reduction in the late phase of inflammation. In the microbiota-gut-brain axis, polystyrene MP treatment altered bile acid and carbohydrate metabolism in the intestine, inhibited intestinal motility, reduced water reabsorption, and led to a certain degree of depression in mice. These findings suggest that small MPs can induce macrophage reduction, thereby affecting the physical and mental health by modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis."
2237,brain tumour,39265288,Machine learning for (non-)epileptic tissue detection from the intraoperative electrocorticogram.,"Clinical visual intraoperative electrocorticography (ioECoG) reading intends to localize epileptic tissue and improve epilepsy surgery outcome. We aimed to understand whether machine learning (ML) could complement ioECoG reading, how subgroups affected performance, and which ioECoG features were most important."
2238,brain tumour,39264832,GAD1 ameliorates glioma progression through regulating cuproptosis via RAS/MAPK pathway.,"Glioma represents a primary malignant tumor occurring in the central nervous system. Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD1) plays a significant role in tumor development; however, its function of GAD1 and underlying mechanisms in glioma progression remain unclear. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) obtained from the GSE12657 and GSE15209 datasets that intersected with cuproptosis-related genes and pivot genes were identified using comprehensive bioinformatics methods. The elesclomol (ES) treatment was used to induce cuproptosis in U251 cells, which was validated by detecting intracellular copper levels and cuproptosis marker expression. Lentivirus-mediated gene overexpression was performed to explore the effects of GAD1 using functional assays in vitro and in a mouse xenograft model. The RAS agonist ML098 was used to verify the effect of GAD1 on the RAS/MAPK pathway in glioma cells. A total of 87 cuproptosis-related DEGs and seven hub genes were obtained, with five genes upregulated and two were downregulated in gliomas. Overexpression of GAD1 inhibited proliferation, invasion, and migration, promoted apoptosis of glioma cells, and suppressed tumorigenesis in vivo. In addition, GAD1 overexpression enhanced the sensitivity of glioma cells to cuproptosis. Additionally, ML098 treatment attenuated the inhibitory effect of GAD1 overexpression on the malignant phenotype of ES-treated cells. GAD1 plays an anti-oncogenic role in glioma by regulating apoptosis via inhibition of the RAS/MAPK pathway."
2239,brain tumour,39264625,"Mortality and Function After Widowhood Among Older Adults With Dementia, Cancer, or Organ Failure.","The widowhood effect, in which mortality increases and function decreases in the period following spousal death, may be heightened in older adults with functional impairment and serious illnesses, such as cancer, dementia, or organ failure, who are highly reliant on others, particularly spouses, for support. Yet there are limited data on widowhood among people with these conditions."
2240,brain tumour,39264576,Pluronic F127-Complexed PEGylated Poly(glutamic acid)-Cisplatin Nanomedicine for Enhanced Glioblastoma Therapy.,"Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant forms of primary brain cancer, posing significant challenges in effective therapy. This study aimed to enhance the effectiveness of glioblastoma therapy by developing a unique nanomedicine composed of Pluronic F127-complexed PEGylated poly(glutamic acid)-cisplatin (PLG-PEG/PF127-CDDP). PLG-PEG/PF127-CDDP demonstrated an optimal size of 133.97 ± 12.60 nm, facilitating efficient cell uptake by GL261 glioma cells. In vitro studies showed significant cytotoxicity against glioma cells with a half-maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 12.61 µg mL"
2241,brain tumour,39264427,Development of brain metastases in non-small-cell lung cancer: high-risk features.,
2242,brain tumour,39264077,ST-Segment Alterations in the Electrocardiogram of Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism: A Rabbit Model.,"In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying electrocardiogram (ECG) alterations in a rabbit model of acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Twelve healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were used, with eight in the experimental group (PTE group) and four in the control group. After developing the rabbit model of acute PTE, ECG and coronary angiography were performed. HE staining was conducted on the right and left ventricular tissues, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?), and Troponin I (TNI) mRNA expression in the myocardium. There were considerable changes in the ST segment of the ECG in the PTE group. Coronary angiography revealed the absence of spasm, stenosis, and occlusion. In the plasma of the PTE group, the levels of D-dimer, BNP, TNF-?, and TNI were significantly elevated, and these changes were statistically significant (P<0.05). PCR analysis of ventricular myocardial tissue indicated significantly higher levels of BNP, TNF-?, and TNI mRNA in the PTE group than in the control group. These differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The ST-T variations on the ECG of rabbits with acute PTE correlate strongly with the temporary changes in right heart volume caused by acute PTE. Keywords: Animal model of pulmonary embolism, B-type natriuretic peptide, Electrocardiogram, Pulmonary thromboembolism, Troponin I, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha."
2243,brain tumour,39264011,Open-Source Throttling of CD8,Improving clinical immunotherapy for glioblastoma (GBM) relies on addressing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Enhancing CD8
2244,brain tumour,39263942,Profiling of autoantibodies in the sera of glioblastoma patients.,
2245,brain tumour,39263895,Patient reported outcomes and short-term adjustment trajectories following gamma knife radiosurgery for benign brain tumor.,Patient reported outcomes (PROs) in the context of Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery (GKSRS) for benign brain tumor have been under-researched. This study examined changes in PROs and adjustment trajectories post-GKSRS.
2246,brain tumour,39263302,Tislelizumab for treatment of a pediatric patient with primary mediastinal choriocarcinoma: a case report.,"Primary mediastinal choriocarcinoma (PCC) is a rare, highly vascular invasive, and prognostically unfavorable malignant tumor. When occurring outside the gonads, primary choriocarcinoma is commonly found in midline locations such as the mediastinum or retroperitoneum. Currently, there is no standardized treatment strategy for PCC. In the case reported herein, we employed tislelizumab and chemotherapy in the treatment of a patient with PCC, and as in March 2024, the patient remained survive."
2247,brain tumour,39263178,Decoding the genomic enigma: Approaches to studying extrachromosomal circular DNA.,"Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA), a pervasive yet enigmatic component of the eukaryotic genome, exists autonomously from its chromosomal counterparts. Ubiquitous in eukaryotes, eccDNA plays a critical role in the orchestration of cellular processes and the etiology of diseases, particularly cancers. However, the full scope of its influence on health and disease remains elusive, presenting a rich vein of research yet to be mined. Unraveling the complexities of eccDNA necessitates a distillation of methodologies - from biogenesis to functional analysis - a landscape we overview in this study with precision and clarity. Here, we systematically outline cutting-edge methodologies from high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics to experimental validations, showcasing the intricate world of eccDNAs. We combed through a treasure trove of auxiliary research resources and analytical tools. Moreover, we chart a course for future inquiry, illuminating the horizon with potential groundbreaking strategies for designing eccDNA research projects and pioneering new methodological frontiers."
2248,brain tumour,39262976,T lymphocyte-derived IFN-γ facilitates breast cancer cells to pass the blood-brain barrier: An ,"The appearance of brain metastasis is the most serious complication of breast cancer with mostly fatal outcomes. To reach the brain, tumor cells need to pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The molecular mechanisms underlying penetration of the BBB are largely unknown. Previously we found that tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes enhance the development of brain metastasis of estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer. In the current study, we investigate the contribution of T lymphocytes and the IFN-γ pathway in enabling breast cancer cells to pass the "
2249,brain tumour,39262724,Efficacy of Sacubitril Valsartan sodium tablets in patients with heart failure combined with pulmonary infection and long-term recurrence rate.,"To observe the therapeutic effect of Sacubitril Valsartan sodium tablets (SVST) on heart failure (HF) complicated by pulmonary infection (PI), and to provide a reference for future medication."
2250,brain tumour,39262554,Primary Malignant Meningeal Melanoma Complicated by Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: An Illustrative Case With a Systematic Review of the Literature.,"Melanocytic tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) such as meningeal melanoma are exceedingly rare tumours derived from leptomeningeal melanocytes. We report an illustrative case of a previously healthy 47-year-old male who presented with tonic-clonic seizure. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast demonstrated a homogenously enhancing right temporal extra-axial lesion. The patient was stabilized on anti-epileptic medications and dexamethasone prior to proceeding with complete surgical resection of the lesion. Intraoperatively, the lesion was heavily pigmented with invasion of the surrounding dura and skull. Histopathology revealed a poorly differentiated neoplasm with nuclear atypia and melanin-containing cells with strong SOX10 and variable S100 positivity. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis showed no metastatic disease, and molecular profiling was negative including absent BRAF mutation. He began checkpoint inhibitor therapy and subsequently developed cerebral venous sinus thrombosis managed with anticoagulation. Sixteen months post-operatively, he was neurologically intact, working full-time, and had resumed immunotherapy. We systematically reviewed the literature on primary intracranial malignant melanoma (PIMM) with the goal of understanding the prognosis and best treatment options for this disease. Our systematic review produced 82 articles (118 unique cases) of PIMM. The average age at diagnosis was 45.9 years (95% CI:42.9-48.9), and headache (54.2%) was the most common initial presentation. Eighty-nine percent of patients had primary surgical resection, and 41.0% of these individuals experienced a recurrence with a mean time to recurrence of 19.6 months (95% CI:6.95-32.23). Adjuvant therapy was administered in 65.7% of surgically resected patients; including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or a combination. In summary, PIMM is a rare tumour that can appear radiographically similar to meningioma. The results of our systematic review demonstrate that surgical resection remains the mainstay of therapy for best long-term prognosis."
2251,brain tumour,39262477,Development and validation of a diagnostic and prognostic model for bone metastasis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a population-based analysis.,"Bone metastasis (BM) is a common site of metastasis in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), significantly impacting the quality of life and prognosis of affected individuals. This investigation aimed to assess the risk of BM development in ICC patients and to prognosticate for patients with ICC-associated BM (ICCBM) through the construction of two nomograms."
2252,brain tumour,39262462,Bioinformatics analysis of ,Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer in adults. This study aimed to obtain data on immune cell infiltration based on public datasets and to examine the prognostic significance of SH2 domain containing 4A (
2253,brain tumour,39262418,A web-based resource for exercise training in children treated for brain tumours to improve cognitive sequelae: Development and usability.,"Improving cognitive sequelae in children treated for brain tumours (CTBT) requires accessible interventions. While instructor-led exercise in a hospital setting is efficacious, it is not extended to communities."
2254,brain tumour,39262396,Pediatric Primary Dural Lymphoblastic B-cell Lymphoma Presenting as Hematoma in the Frontoparietal Region: A Case Report.,"Lymphomas originating from the meninges without brain or systemic involvement represent an extremely rare type of primary central nervous system lymphomas. Here, we report a case of primary dural lymphoma in a 3-year-old boy who was brought to the hospital due to headache, nausea, and vomiting episodes ongoing for several days. An acute hematoma in the right frontoparietal region was detected on a brain CT scan. The patient underwent surgery to remove the hematoma, which was then sent for pathologic examination. The pathology report revealed lymphoblastic B-cell lymphoma with a Ki-67 proliferation index of 80%. Radiologic and FDG-PET/CT imaging, as well as bone marrow examination, did not reveal any systemic disease. The NHL BFM 2012 lymphoblastic lymphoma treatment protocol was started and successfully completed. The patient has been followed for ~2 years and is still alive and disease-free. This is the first case of pediatric primary dural lymphoblastic B-cell lymphoma ever reported in the literature."
2255,brain tumour,39262302,Neighborhood resources are associated with neuropsychological outcomes among pediatric brain tumor survivors.,
2256,brain tumour,39262082,Judicious and evidence-based use of radiosurgery - recommendations for low-middle income countries.,"Surgical removal remains the primary treatment for most brain tumours. However, radiosurgery presents an effective, less invasive alternative or additional treatment for certain types. Our goal was to explore radiosurgery's roles in treating various brain tumours, focussing on its application in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We reviewed all relevant systematic reviews, metaanalyses, and guidelines to determine the most effective radiosurgical approaches. Additionally, we consulted a panel of experts with over ten years of experience in LMICs, such as Pakistan. For brain tumours, stereotactic radiosurgery should generally follow a confirmed histopathological diagnosis. Exceptions include tumours identified through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), like Vestibular Schwannoma (VS), pre-diagnosed Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), multiple typical meningiomas, and metastases with a known histology from another site. While radiosurgery is gaining traction as a primary and adjunct treatment in some LMICs, the lack of regional guidelines, trained personnel, and collaboration among specialists hinders its wider adoption. Addressing these gaps is crucial for expanding radiosurgical care in these regions."
2257,brain tumour,39262081,Consensus guidelines for the management of primary supra-tentorial intraventricular tumour for low- and middle-income countries.,"Almost any primary or metastatic brain tumour can manifest in intraventricular (IV) locations. These tumours may either originate within the ventricular system or extend into the IV space through growth. Such neoplasms represent a broad spectrum, with supratentorial IV tumours forming a heterogeneous group. This group includes primary ependymal tumours, central neurocytomas, choroid plexus tumours, and notably, meningiomas, as well as a variety of non-neoplastic, benign, glial, and metastatic lesions that can secondarily invade the IV compartment. Often presenting with nonspecific symptoms, these tumours can lead to delayed medical attention. The diversity in potential diagnoses, combined with their deep and complex locations, poses significant management challenges. This paper aims to delineate optimal management strategies, underscoring the importance of multidisciplinary care, especially in settings with limited resources, to effectively navigate the complexities associated with treating intraventricular brain tumours."
2258,brain tumour,39262080,Consensus guidelines for the management of posterior fossa tumour for low- and middle-income countries.,"The posterior fossa is a limited compartment therefore lesions compressing its structures can result in devastating outcomes. It can cause significant neurological deficit due to mass effect on critical structures and hydrocephalus. Due to the nature of the infratentorial region, urgent surgical intervention is often the first-line option. Surgical neuro-oncologists guide patients and caregivers through the course of this disease and to inform them about the various options for management and long-term outcome optimisation. There is currently conflicting data; however, institutional experiences can guide us towards achieving improvements in surgical outcomes and quality of life. Advances in molecular classifications coupled with highdose radiation treatment improve our capacity for improving overall survival in these patients. Common childhood tumours are ependymomas, medulloblastomas, and juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas, while adults often present with metastases, and less commonly, cerebellar haemangioblastomas and gliomas. This paper outlines management strategies with consideration for multidisciplinary care and resourcelimited settings."
2259,brain tumour,39262079,Consensus guidelines for the management of intracranial metastases for low- and middle-income countries.,"Metastatic tumours are among the most common types of brain tumours. However, in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the numbers are considerably lower. This does not necessarily indicate a decreased incidence but rather points to decreased survival rates or limited access to healthcare. The challenge of achieving better outcomes, along with associated costs and resource constraints, often hinders the effective management of brain metastasis. Even in cases where localised disease can potentially be managed to improve survival, these challenges persist. The purpose of these guidelines is to address these challenges and outline a management strategy within the context of LMICs."
2260,brain tumour,39262078,Consensus guidelines for the management of primary central nervous system lymphoma for low and middle-income countries.,"Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system (PCNSL) is a rare and aggressive form of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma primarily involving the brain, spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid, and eyes. The role of surgical intervention in PCNSL is currently limited to biopsy and decompression of critical structures if needed - extended resection is debated. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. In lower and middle-income countries (LMICs), issues like delayed diagnosis and resource constraints are widespread. These guidelines provide a framework for addressing PCNSL in LMICs, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis, tailored treatment approaches, and ongoing patient monitoring to improve outcomes for this rare and aggressive disease."
2261,brain tumour,39262077,Consensus guidelines for the management of brain stem and diffuse midline glioma for low- and middle-income countries.,"The understanding of brainstem gliomas and diffuse midline gliomas has significantly increased in the last decade. However, the management paradigm remains a dilemma. The critical location is the foremost factor dictating the outcome. Recent advancements in the field of neuro-oncology are pushing the boundaries of optimal care in the developed world nevertheless, the strategies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) need to be tailored according to the resources to improve outcome. The objective of these guidelines is to provide an algorithm-based management plan to cater challenges for healthcare providers in LMICs."
2262,brain tumour,39262076,Consensus guidelines for the management of intracranial meningioma for low- and middle-income countries.,"Intra-cranial meningiomas represent the most common type of extra-axial brain tumour in adults. Characteristically slow-growing and often asymptomatic, these tumours may only require observation in some cases. However, lesions that cause a significant mass effect necessitate intervention, primarily through surgical means. Additionally, in cases of significant unresectable low-grade residual meningioma or high-grade tumours, radiation therapy becomes essential. Notably, current management guidelines predominantly reflect data derived from high-income countries, failing to address constraints prevalent in the developing world, such as limited financial resources and restricted access to advanced surgical facilities. This manuscript introduces guidelines specifically tailored for the management of meningioma in patients from low- and middle-income countries, considering their unique healthcare challenges and resources."
2263,brain tumour,39262075,Consensus guidelines for the management of intracranial ependymoma for low- and middle-income countries.,"This paper presents comprehensive consensus guidelines for the management of intracranial ependymoma, neoplasms arising from ependymal cells in the central nervous system's ventricular system, in low- and middleincome countries (LMICs). Acknowledging the distinct epidemiological patterns of ependymomas, notably their higher incidence in paediatric patients, and variable survival rates, these guidelines emphasize tailored management approaches for different age groups. An expert panel, comprising specialists in neuro-oncology, convened to address gaps in diagnosis and management within LMICs, considering the varying clinical presentation based on tumour size and location. Emphasizing surgical intervention as the cornerstone of treatment, the guidelines also address challenges such as intraoperative bleeding and tumour location impacting complete resection. The role of molecular subgrouping in stratifying treatment and predicting prognosis is highlighted, alongside a careful consideration of radiotherapy timing, dose, and volume based on risk factors. Chemotherapy's role, especially in paediatric cases, is explored. The paper synthesizes current research and expert opinions, including the need for standardisation, genetic testing, and exploration of less invasive treatment modalities, to address the unique healthcare infrastructure challenges in LMICs. The guidelines also emphasize multidisciplinary teams, aiming to bridge the care gap between high-income countries and LMICs, and improve survival rates and quality of life for patients with intracranial ependymoma. This article serves as a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers in Pakistan and beyond, facilitating the development of evidence-based strategies in diverse healthcare settings."
2264,brain tumour,39262074,Consensus guidelines for the management of pineal region tumours for low- and middle-income countries.,"Pineal region tumours are rare and mainly arise at a younger age. They can be categorized into various types: germ cell tumours (GCT), pineal parenchymal tumours (PPT), meningiomas, gliomas, pineoblastoma, pineal parenchymal tumours of intermediate differentiation, papillary tumours of the pineal region, and SMARCB1- mutant desmoplastic myxoid tumour. Within GCT, germinomas are the most prevalent, comprising the majority of tumours in this region, while nongerminomatous GCTs are also present. In rare instances, metastases from other sites may manifest. These tumours often lead to obstructive hydrocephalus and commonly exhibit symptoms related to mass effect, including headache, nausea, vomiting, and impaired gait stability. Different subtypes of pineal region tumours exhibit distinct radiological characteristics, thus imaging remains the primary diagnostic tool. Histologic diagnosis necessitates biopsy, unless in cases of germ cell tumours, particularly germinomas, which can be identified through elevated levels of tumour markers like alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. While benign tumours might be effectively treated with radical resection alone, malignant tumours demand additional chemotherapy and radiotherapy following surgical removal."
2265,brain tumour,39262073,Consensus guidelines for the management of craniopharyngioma in low- and middle-income countries.,"Craniopharyngiomas are benign, extra-axial epithelial tumours originating from the pituitary stalk, impacting areas such as the hypothalamus, optic chiasm, and various cranial nerves. These tumours present unique surgical challenges due to their proximity to critical neurovascular structures. Management typically involves maximal safe resection as the primary approach. However, in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), factors like late presentation, higher risks of endocrine and visual complications, frequent recurrence, and potential for incomplete resection complicate treatment. These challenges are exacerbated by limited access to specialised expertise and surgical equipment, increasing the risk of damage during surgery compared to High- Income Countries. This manuscript outlines management guidelines tailored for LMICs, emphasizing that a combination of surgical resection and chemoradiation therapy, as advised by a neuro-oncology tumour board, often yields the best outcomes."
2266,brain tumour,39262072,Consensus guidelines for the management of pediatric medulloblastoma in low and middle-income countries.,"The management of medulloblastoma, a pediatric brain tumor, has evolved significantly with the advent of genomic subgrouping, yet morbidity and mortality remain high in LMICs like Pakistan due to inadequate multidisciplinary care infrastructure. This paper aims to establish evidence-based guidelines tailored to the constraints of such countries. An expert panel comprising neuro-oncologists, neurosurgeons, radiologists, radiation oncologists, neuropathologists, and pediatricians collaborated to develop these guidelines, considering the specific challenges of pediatric brain tumor care in Pakistan. The recommendations cover various aspects of medulloblastoma treatment, including pre-surgical workup, neurosurgery, neuropathology, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and supportive care. They offer both minimum required and additional optional protocols for more advanced centers, ensuring comprehensive patient management with attention to complications and complexities encountered in Pakistan. The paper's consensus guidelines strive for uniformity in healthcare delivery and address significant gaps in diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of pediatric medulloblastoma patients."
2267,brain tumour,39262071,Consensus guidelines for the management of vestibular schwannoma for lowand middle-income countries.,"Vestibular Schwannoma (VS), previously known as acoustic neuroma, constitutes the majority of tumours found in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). Most guidelines for managing CPA tumours have been developed by high-income countries (HICs). However, these guidelines often fall short in addressing the unique challenges encountered in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), such as Pakistan. In LMICs, issues related to a limited healthcare workforce, inadequate infrastructure, and constrained financial resources hinder the effective implementation of these HIC-derived guidelines. Additionally, it has been observed that VS tends to present at a larger size in LMICs compared to HICs. Given that VS is the predominant type of CPA tumour and other types are covered under separate guidelines, this article aims to provide practical, contextspecific recommendations for the screening, diagnosis, and management of Vestibular Schwannoma in LMIC settings. Our focus is to bridge the gap in care strategies and adapt them to the resource constraints and clinical realities of LMICs."
2268,brain tumour,39262070,Consensus guidelines for the management of adult high-grade gliomas for low and middle-income countries.,"High-grade glioma (HGG), a formidable and often incurable disease, presents an even greater challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where resources and medical expertise are scarce. This scarcity not only exacerbates the suffering of patients but also contributes to poorer clinical outcomes. Particularly in LMICs, the underrepresentation of the population in clinical trials and the additional hurdles posed by financial constraints underscore an urgent need for contextspecific management strategies. In response, we have rigorously evaluated recent guidelines from leading medical societies, adapting them to suit the specific needs and limitations of the local context in Pakistan. This effort, undertaken in collaboration with local physicians, aims to provide a comprehensive, standardised approach to diagnose, treat, and follow-up with HGG patients. By focussing on the best available clinical evidence and judicious use of limited resources, we strive to improve patient care and outcomes in these challenging settings."
2269,brain tumour,39262069,Consensus guidelines for the management of adult low-grade gliomas for low and middle-income countries.,"Low-grade gliomas (LGG) are brain tumors of glial cells origin. They are grade 1 and grade 2 tumors according to the WHO classification. Diagnosis of LGG is made through imaging, histopathological analysis, and use of molecular markers. Imaging alone does not establish the grade of the tumor and thus a histopathological examination of tissue is crucial in establishing the definite histopathological diagnosis. Clinical presentation varies according to the location and size of the tumor. Surgical resection is strongly recommended in LGG over observation to improve overall survival as surgery leads to greater benefit due to progression-free survival. Radiation has shown benefits in LGG patients in randomized controlled trials and chemotherapy with temozolomide has also shown good results. This paper covers the principles of low-grade gliomas management and summarizes the recommendations for the LMICs."
2270,brain tumour,39262068,A guideline on guidelines: neuro-oncology guideline standards for low- and middle-income countries.,"Guidelines for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are needed in complex, multidisciplinary areas such as oncology, requiring mobilising considerable resources and specialists for coordinated care. Neuro-oncology guidelines have been primarily established in countries where technological advancements and robust care pathways facilitate broad resource utilisation. In contrast, LMICs require complex and region-specific interventions to provide equitable care. The present opinion paper is a culmination of our own centre's experience collaborating and developing loco-regional guidelines for brain tumour care, keeping in mind LMIC experiences and expertise available. We intend for the process and methodology to apply to a broader audience of other LMIC authors and clinicians collaborating with LMIC institutions to develop guidelines and clinical recommendations."
2271,brain tumour,39262067,The need for economic evaluations for neuro-oncology in low- and middleincome: the Pakistan perspective.,"The incidence and prevalence of brain tumours have steadily increased within low- and middle-income countries, similar to patterns seen in high-income countries. In addition to the epidemiological landscape of brain tumours in Pakistan, it is important to consider the economics of brain tumour diagnosis and management to inform policy on neuro-oncological healthcare service delivery. The challenges associated with conducting economic evaluations in LMICs include the ability to receive funding for country-specific estimates, dearth of existing data and methodological development, and the need for investment in economic evaluations of health. Economic evaluations are most useful when funding support is given to country-specific initiatives to allocate resources. Cost and cost components must also be meticulously collected to enable accurate calculations of economic evidence for the decision-making process. To put neuro-oncological care at the forefront of the national health agenda, it is crucial for vigorous epidemiological and economic evidence to be available for policymakers."
2272,brain tumour,39262066,Developing neuro-oncology clinical trials in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of the current literature.,"Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have historically been under-represented in clinical trials, leading to a disparity in evidence-based recommendations for the management of neurooncological conditions. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a scoping review to assess the current literature on clinical trials in neuro-oncology from LMICs. The eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review included clinical trials registered and conducted with human subjects, with available English language text or translation, and focussed on neuro-oncological cases. The literature search strategy captured 408 articles, of which 61 met these criteria, with a significant number of randomised controlled trials from specific LMICs. The review found that LMIC clinical trials have contributed significantly to understanding surgical, chemotherapeutic, and radiation therapy interventions for brain tumours, paediatric cancers, and the repurposing of drugs as new targets in neuro-oncology. These findings highlight the potential for expanding clinical trials research in neuro-oncology in LMICs, which may significantly impact global understanding and management of these conditions, particularly from diverse populations from the global south."
2273,brain tumour,39262065,Use of artificial intelligence and radio genomics in neuroradiology and the future of brain tumour imaging and surgical planning in low- and middleincome countries.,"Brain tumour diagnosis involves assessing various radiological and histopathological parameters. Imaging modalities are an excellent resource for disease monitoring. However, manual inspection of imaging is laborious, and performance varies depending on expertise. Artificial Intelligence (AI) driven solutions a non-invasive and low-cost technology for diagnostics compared to surgical biopsy and histopathological diagnosis. We analysed various machine learning models reported in the literature and assess its applicability to improve neuro-oncological management. A scoping review of 47 full texts published in the last 3 years pertaining to the use of machine learning for the management of different types of gliomas where radiomics and radio genomic models have proven to be useful. Use of AI in conjunction with other factors can result in improving overall neurooncological management within LMICs. AI algorithms can evaluate medical imaging to aid in the early detection and diagnosis of brain tumours. This is especially useful where AI can deliver reliable and efficient screening methods, allowing for early intervention and treatment."
2274,brain tumour,39262064,Serum liquid biopsy for brain tumours: a scoping analysis of practicable approaches in low- and middle-income countries.,"Approaches to brain tumour diagnosis and detecting recurrence after treatment are costly and significantly invasive. Developing peripheral-sample liquid biopsy tools is the key to enhancing our ability to prognosticate brain tumour subtypes and molecular heterogeneity. The present scoping review was designed to discuss current updates in liquid biopsy tools for diagnosis and guiding clinical management of brain tumours; we evaluated the literature within the context of low-and-middle-income country challenges. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), extracellular vesicle-associated biomarkers, protein biomarkers, microRNAs, and serum metabolites are discussed with the collation of current data supporting their utility in liquid biopsy. Further challenges to implanting liquid biopsy tools at a systematic level are highlighted."
2275,brain tumour,39262063,Role of neurosurgeons In strengthening paediatric neuro-oncology In low- and middle-income countries: a narrative review with case examples.,"Paediatric neuro-oncology in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) accounts for a significant proportion of cancer-related mortalities in this age group. The current dearth of structured paediatric neurosurgery training programmes in LMICs requires multidisciplinary coordination; neurosurgeons play certain key roles, as discussed in this article, in ensuring safe and effective care for paediatric neuro-oncology patients. This document intends to elaborate through illustrative cases of the technical and structural nuances required by neurosurgeons in LMICs to provide appropriate surgical care."
2276,brain tumour,39262062,Global neuro-oncology: what lies ahead for low- and middle-income countries?,"Over the past few decades, the global healthcare community has achieved remarkable success in controlling many communicable diseases across various regions. However, non-communicable diseases now constitute a significant portion of disease morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Among these, cancer, in particular, is witnessing a notable increase in incidence in many LMICs. Among cancers, neurological tumours bear significant impact in terms of long-term disability, escalating costs of comprehensive multidisciplinary care, and often encounter resource-related and systemic delays in care leading to worse outcomes. This opinion paper discusses key concepts in developing global neuro-oncology care, with specific case examples from Pakistan to illustrate methods for improving care in these underserved regions. Additionally, it outlines strategic approaches and potential solutions to address these challenges, aiming to provide a roadmap for enhancing neuro-oncology care in LMICs."
2277,brain tumour,39262061,Protocol: revolutionizing central nervous system tumour diagnosis in low- and middle-income countries: an innovative observational study on intraoperative smear and deep learning.,"The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility and implementation of a novel approach for intraoperative brain smears within the operating room, which is augmented with deep learning technology."
2278,brain tumour,39262060,Developing a non-cadaveric brain tumour surgery lab in resource-constrained settings.,"To develop the country's first brain tumour surgery lab in resource-constrained settings, for training young neurosurgeons and residents."
2279,brain tumour,39262059,Special Supplement: Global Neuro-Oncology.,No abstract found
2280,brain tumour,39262015,Impact of Microsurgery and Postoperative Radiotherapy on Neurological Function in Intramedullary Spinal Cord Gliomas.,To assess the clinical efficacy of combined microsurgery and postoperative radiotherapy for the treatment of intramedullary spinal gliomas and its impact on neurological function.
2281,brain tumour,39261942,Ferroptosis in radiation-induced brain injury: roles and clinical implications.,"Radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) presents a significant challenge for patients undergoing radiation therapy for head, neck, and intracranial tumors. This review aims to elucidate the role of ferroptosis in RBI and its therapeutic implications. Specifically, we explore how ferroptosis can enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiation while also examining strategies to mitigate radiation-induced damage to normal brain tissues. By investigating the mechanisms through which radiation increases cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and initiates ferroptosis, we aim to develop targeted therapeutic strategies that maximize treatment efficacy and minimize neurotoxicity. The review highlights key regulatory factors in the ferroptosis pathway, including glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), cystine/glutamate antiporter system Xc- (System Xc-), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), and others, and their interactions in the context of RBI. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical implications of modulating ferroptosis in radiation therapy, emphasizing the potential for selective induction of ferroptosis in tumor cells and inhibition in healthy cells. The development of advanced diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies targeting ferroptosis offers a promising avenue for enhancing the safety and efficacy of radiation therapy, underscoring the need for further research in this burgeoning field."
2282,brain tumour,39261694,Lipid recycling by macrophage cells drives the growth of brain cancer.,No abstract found
2283,brain tumour,39261055,[Efficacy of nivolumab in combination with chemotherapy after radiotherapy for meningeal carcinomatosis in patients with Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer:a case report].,"A 62-year-old man presented with fever and anorexia since July X. Initial treatments were rendered ineffective, and due to altered consciousness and vomiting, he was referred to our hospital. On admission, he manifested delirium, drowsiness, and disorientation. While blood tests were normal, gastroscopy identified a type 3 tumor in his lower gastric body, later diagnosed as a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated negative human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and positive programmed death-ligand 1 expression with a combined positive score ≥5. Furthermore, a positive Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA in situ hybridization result was noted. Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT and PET-CT scans demonstrated multiple lymph node metastases around the stomach and liver, establishing the diagnosis of stage IVB gastric cancer (T4aN2M1). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated enhanced lesions in the brainstem, cerebellar sulci, and right occipital lobe. Although cerebrospinal fluid cytology was negative for malignancy, the clinical symptoms and MRI findings confirmed leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC). The patient underwent radiotherapy for LMC (total of 30Gy in 10 fractions), followed by combination therapy with a nivolumab and SOX regimen. Posttreatment, the LMC symptoms resolved;however, he experienced grade 3 immune-related adverse events related to liver dysfunction. Nivolumab was discontinued, and with steroid administration, the adverse events improved. Imaging evaluations posttreatment showed gastric tumor reduction and the absence of LMC. After 7 cycles, nivolumab was reintroduced, with no liver dysfunction recurrence noted through 15 cycles. Endoscopic examination 1 year postonset demonstrated that the gastric tumor had scarred, and MRI showed no signs of LMC recurrence. In 5-8% of solid tumors, LMC complications are present, resulting in limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Recent reports suggest the potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating intracranial metastasis from solid tumors. In Japan, nivolumab was approved for gastric cancer treatment in 2017 and for first-line therapy in combination with chemotherapy since 2021. We report a case in which radiotherapy and chemotherapy combined with nivolumab provided durable control of LMC originating from gastric cancer for more than 1 year."
2284,brain tumour,39260848,Resection versus biopsy in patients with glioblastoma (RESBIOP study): study protocol for an international multicentre prospective cohort study (ENCRAM 2202).,"There are no guidelines or prospective studies defining the optimal surgical treatment for glioblastomas in older patients (≥70 years), for those with a limited functioning performance at presentation (Karnofsky Performance Scale ≤70) or for those with tumours in certain locations (midline, multifocal). Therefore, the decision between resection and biopsy is varied, among neurosurgeons internationally and at times even within an institution. This study aims to compare the effects of maximal tumour resection versus tissue biopsy on survival, functional, neurological and quality of life outcomes in these patient subgroups. Furthermore, it evaluates which modality would maximise the potential to undergo adjuvant treatment."
2285,brain tumour,39260689,Deubiquitinating enzyme USP39 promotes the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer cells by modulating the degradation of RNA-binding protein RBM39.,"It has been revealed recently that the RNA-binding motif protein RBM39 is highly expressed in several cancers, which results in poor patient survival. However, how RBM39 is regulated in gastric cancer cells is unknown. Here, affinity purification-mass spectrometry and a biochemical screening are employed to identify the RBM39-interacting proteins and the deubiquitinating enzymes that regulate the RBM39 protein level. Integration of the data obtained from these two approaches uncovers USP39 as the potential deubiquitinating enzyme that regulates RBM39 stability. Bioinformatic analysis discloses that USP39 is increased in gastric cancer tissues and its elevation shortens the duration of overall survival for gastric cancer patients. Biochemical experiments verify that USP39 and RBM39 interact with each other and highly colocalize in the nucleus. Expression of USP39 elevates while USP39 knockdown attenuates the RBM39 protein level and their interaction regulates this modulation and their colocalization. Mechanistic studies reveal that USP39 reduces the K48-linked polyubiquitin chains on RBM39, thus enhancing its stability and increasing the protein level by preventing its proteasomal degradation. USP39 overexpression promotes while its knockdown attenuates the growth, colony formation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Interestingly, overexpression of RBM39 partially restores the impact of USP39 depletion, while RBM39 knockdown partially abolishes the effect of USP39 overexpression on the growth, colony formation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Collectively, this work identifies the first DUB for RBM39 and elucidates the regulatory functions and the underlying mechanism, providing a possible alternative approach to suppressing RBM39 by inhibiting USP39 in cancer therapy."
2286,brain tumour,39260431,A case report of successful combined intra-arterial immunotherapy and cytokine genetic therapy treatment in a patient with recurrent glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor with very poor prognosis due to frequent recurrence and short overall survival (OS) time, which according to different sources, is not longer than 17 months after the diagnosis. Infiltrative growth pattern often leads to tumor propagation into functionally significant brain areas while surgery is cytoreductive and does not necessarily alter the prognosis. Many patients are in the working age, thus finding conservative approaches to the treatment of this type of neoplasms is of utmost importance. The aim of the work is to demonstrate the effectiveness of treatment of GBM using cytokine genetic therapy (CGT) and present an algorithm for patient management."
2287,brain tumour,39260430,Therapeutic inhibition of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations in glioma and cholangiocarcinoma: new insights and promises-a narrative review.,"The identification of mutation hot spots in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes is one of the most important cancer genome-wide sequencing discoveries with relevant impact in the treatment of some orphan tumors. These genes were mostly found mutated in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and in cholangiocarcinoma. This aberrant genomic condition represents a therapeutic target of great interest in cancer research, especially in AML, given the limitations of currently approved therapies in this field. In this review, we investigate the role of IDH mutation and the mutant IDH (mIDH)-targeted therapies for cholangiocarcinoma and glioma."
2288,brain tumour,39260348,Anaplastic cortical ependymoma in 10 months girl: A case report.,"Ependymomas arise from the ependymal cells that line the brain ventricles, and central canal. In children most of them are benign. However, cortical anaplastic ependymomas are very rare in pediatrics."
2289,brain tumour,39260325,The siEGFR nanoplexes for the enhanced brain glioma treatment: Endoplasmic reticulum biomimetic strategy to induce homing effect and non-degradable intracellular transport.,"The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a pivotal role in tumor progression and is an essential therapeutic target for treating malignant gliomas. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has the potential to selectively degrade EGFR mRNA, yet its clinical utilization is impeded by various challenges, such as inefficient targeting and limited escape from lysosomes. Our research introduces polyethylene glycol (PEG) and endoplasmic reticulum membrane-coated siEGFR nanoplexes (PEhCv/siEGFR NPs) as an innovative approach to brain glioma therapy by overcoming several obstacles: 1) Tumor-derived endoplasmic reticulum membrane modifications provide a homing effect, facilitating targeted accumulation and cellular uptake; 2) Endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins mediate a non-degradable ""endosome-Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum"" transport pathway, circumventing lysosomal degradation. These nanoplexes demonstrated significantly enhanced siEGFR gene silencing in both in vitro and in vivo U87 glioma models. The findings of this study pave the way for the advanced design and effective application of nucleic acid-based therapeutic nanocarriers."
2290,brain tumour,39260312,"Tenovin-6 exhibits inhibitory effects on the growth of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma, as evidenced by both in vitro and in vivo studies.","Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Within MB, tumors driven by the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway represent the most heterogeneous subtype, known as SHH subtype medulloblastoma (SHH-MB). Tenovin-6, a recognized p53 activator, has been demonstrated to inhibit autophagy and modulate sirtuin activity, underscoring its potential as a novel therapeutic agent across various malignancies. However, its efficacy in treating SHH-MB remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effects of tenovin-6 on SHH-MB and elucidate its underlying signaling pathways. We assessed the impact of tenovin-6 on cell proliferation through the CCK-8 and colony formation assays. The scratch and transwell invasion assays were utilized to evaluate the drug's effects on metastasis. Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using flow cytometry. Potential signaling pathways were identified via transcriptomics and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Our in vivo studies involved a mouse xenograft model to explore tenovin-6's anticancer efficacy against SHH-MB. The findings indicate that tenovin-6 not only inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis in SHH-MB cell lines but also promotes apoptosis, which is closely linked to its proliferation-inhibiting properties. Additionally, animal experiments confirmed that tenovin-6 suppresses MB growth in vivo. We discovered that tenovin-6 reduces intracellular ROS levels and inhibits autophagy in SHH-MB by disrupting the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, likely through inducing autophagosome formation."
2291,brain tumour,39260137,The effect of common parameters of bipolar stimulation on brain evoked potentials.,"To identify optimal bipolar stimulation parameters for robust generation of brain evoked potentials (BEPs), namely the interelectrode distance (IED) and the intensity of stimulation (IS), in cortical and axonal stimulation."
2292,brain tumour,39260131,Unveiling the impact of SUMOylation at K298 site of heat shock factor 1 on glioblastoma malignant progression.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) poses a significant medical challenge due to its aggressive nature and poor prognosis. Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) pathway play crucial roles in GBM pathogenesis. Post-translational modifications, such as SUMOylation, regulate the mechanism of action of HSF1 and may influence the progression of GBM. Understanding the interplay between SUMOylation-modified HSF1 and GBM pathophysiology is essential for developing targeted therapies."
2293,brain tumour,39259669,Preclinical Evaluation of Dihydropyrazole-Cored Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Ligands for Imaging of Receptor-Interacting Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase 1 (RIPK1) in the Brain.,"Receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) has emerged as an important regulator of pathologic cell death and inflammation and is implicated in the pathologies of various central nervous system diseases. In this study, we reported the development of three potent dihydropyrazole-cored RIPK1 positron emission tomography (PET) ligands ["
2294,brain tumour,39259492,Disrupted glutamate homeostasis as a target for glioma therapy.,"Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Gliomas, malignant brain tumors with a dismal prognosis, alter glutamate homeostasis in the brain, which is advantageous for their growth, survival, and invasion. Alterations in glutamate homeostasis result from its excessive production and release to the extracellular space. High glutamate concentration in the tumor microenvironment destroys healthy tissue surrounding the tumor, thus providing space for glioma cells to expand. Moreover, it confers neuron hyperexcitability, leading to epilepsy, a common symptom in glioma patients. This mini-review briefly describes the biochemistry of glutamate production and transport in gliomas as well as the activation of glutamate receptors. It also summarizes the current pre-clinical and clinical studies identifying pharmacotherapeutics targeting glutamate transporters and receptors emerging as potential therapeutic strategies for glioma."
2295,brain tumour,39259414,HOXD12 defines an age-related aggressive subtype of oligodendroglioma.,"Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted has highly variable outcomes that are strongly influenced by patient age. The distribution of oligodendroglioma age is non-Gaussian and reportedly bimodal, which motivated our investigation of age-associated molecular alterations that may drive poorer outcomes. We found that elevated HOXD12 expression was associated with both older patient age and shorter survival in the TCGA (FDR < 0.01, FDR = 1e-5) and the CGGA (p = 0.03, p < 1e-3). HOXD12 gene body hypermethylation was associated with older age, higher WHO grade, and shorter survival in the TCGA (p < 1e-6, p < 0.001, p < 1e-3) and with older age and higher WHO grade in Capper et al. (p < 0.002, p = 0.014). In the TCGA, HOXD12 gene body hypermethylation and elevated expression were independently prognostic of NOTCH1 and PIK3CA mutations, loss of 15q, MYC activation, and standard histopathological features. Single-nucleus RNA and ATAC sequencing data showed that HOXD12 activity was elevated in neoplastic tissue, particularly within cycling and OPC-like cells, and was associated with a stem-like phenotype. A pan-HOX DNA methylation analysis revealed an age and survival-associated HOX-high signature that was tightly associated with HOXD12 gene body methylation. Overall, HOXD12 expression and gene body hypermethylation were associated with an older, atypically aggressive subtype of oligodendroglioma."
2296,brain tumour,39259244,Drawing promotes memory retention in a patient with sleep-related anterograde amnesia.,"Drawing is a powerful tool to enhance memory in healthy participants and patients with probable dementia. Here, we investigated whether the drawing effect could extend to patient CT, a young woman with severe anterograde amnesia. Following surgery for a midline tumor involving her septum pellucidium and extending down into her fornices bilaterally, CT experienced a severe case of sleep-related amnesia. She can remember information encountered throughout the day, but when waking up in the morning or following a nap she forgets information learned prior to sleep. Here, we tested CT and 21 age-matched controls in a 3-day within-subjects design, during which participants encoded words by either drawing or writing them down. Memory for encoded words was tested in two conditions that each followed a 12-h delay, once after a night of sleep, and once after 12 h of wake. Despite her severe memory impairment, CT showed a drawing effect that was comparable to controls in both sleep and wake conditions. Whereas CT's memory for written words was consistently impaired relative to controls, her memory for drawn words was at the lower control range following a waking delay and above chance following a sleep delay. We suggest that amnesic patients may benefit from the drawing effect due to the recruitment of brain regions outside of the hippocampal system for encoding and consolidation. Furthermore, in control participants, sleep benefited memory for written words, but not for drawn words, suggesting that sleep preferentially consolidates memories that are more dependent on the hippocampal system."
2297,brain tumour,39259212,Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers Accelerate On-Demand Drug Release to Combat Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Drug delivery by stimuli-responsive nanocarriers holds great promise for improving the treatment modalities of GBM. At the beginning of the review, we highlighted the stimuli-active polymeric nanocarriers carrying therapies that potentially boost anti-GBM responses by employing endogenous (pH, redox, hypoxia, enzyme) or exogenous stimuli (light, ultrasonic, magnetic, temperature, radiation) as triggers for controlled drug release mainly via hydrophobic/hydrophilic transition, degradability, ionizability, etc. Modifying these nanocarriers with target ligands further enhanced their capacity to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and preferentially accumulate in glioma cells. These unique features potentially lead to more effective brain cancer treatment with minimal adverse reactions and superior therapeutic outcomes. Finally, the review summarizes the existing difficulties and future prospects in stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for treating GBM. Overall, this review offers theoretical guidelines for developing intelligent and versatile stimuli-responsive nanocarriers to facilitate precise drug delivery and treatment of GBM in clinical settings."
2298,brain tumour,39259049,Analyzing Fusion Pore Dynamics and Counting the Number of Acetylcholine Molecules Released by Exocytosis.,"Acetylcholine (ACh) is a critical neurotransmitter influencing various neurophysiological functions. Despite its significance, quantitative methods with adequate spatiotemporal resolution for recording a single exocytotic ACh efflux are lacking. In this study, we introduce an ultrafast amperometric ACh biosensor that enables 50 kHz electrochemical recording of spontaneous single exocytosis events at axon terminals of differentiated cholinergic human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with sub-millisecond temporal resolution. Characterization of the recorded amperometric traces revealed seven distinct current spike types, each displaying variations in shape, time scale, and ACh quantities released. This finding suggests that exocytotic release is governed by complex fusion pore dynamics in these cells. The absolute number of ACh molecules released during exocytosis was quantified by calibrating the sensor through the electroanalysis of liposomes preloaded with varying ACh concentrations. Notably, the largest quantal release involving approximately 8000 ACh molecules likely represents full exocytosis, while a smaller release of 5000 ACh molecules may indicate partial exocytosis. Following a local administration of bafilomycin A1, a V-ATPase inhibitor, the cholinergic cells exhibited both a larger quantity of ACh released and a higher frequency of exocytosis events. Therefore, this ACh sensor provides a means to monitor minute amounts of ACh and investigate regulatory release mechanisms at the single-cell level, which is vital for understanding healthy brain function and pathologies and optimizing drug treatment for disorders."
2299,brain tumour,39258786,Energy Landscape Reveals the Underlying Mechanism of Cancer-Adipose Conversion in Gene Network Models.,"Cancer is a systemic heterogeneous disease involving complex molecular networks. Tumor formation involves an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which promotes both metastasis and plasticity of cancer cells. Recent experiments have proposed that cancer cells can be transformed into adipocytes via a combination of drugs. However, the underlying mechanisms for how these drugs work, from a molecular network perspective, remain elusive. To reveal the mechanism of cancer-adipose conversion (CAC), this study adopts a systems biology approach by combing mathematical modeling and molecular experiments, based on underlying molecular regulatory networks. Four types of attractors are identified, corresponding to epithelial (E), mesenchymal (M), adipose (A) and partial/intermediate EMT (P) cell states on the CAC landscape. Landscape and transition path results illustrate that intermediate states play critical roles in the cancer to adipose transition. Through a landscape control approach, two new therapeutic strategies for drug combinations are identified, that promote CAC. These predictions are verified by molecular experiments in different cell lines. The combined computational and experimental approach provides a powerful tool to explore molecular mechanisms for cell fate transitions in cancer networks. The results reveal underlying mechanisms of intermediate cell states that govern the CAC, and identified new potential drug combinations to induce cancer adipogenesis."
2300,brain tumour,39258745,Updates for newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma: a review of recent clinical trials.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and devastating primary malignant brain tumor. We summarize recent advances in radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy approaches for the treatment of newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma. We also introduce ongoing clinical trials."
2301,brain tumour,39258390,Hyperostosis in meningioma: a retrospective exploration of histological correlates.,Meningiomas are the most common type of primary brain tumour. Hyperostosis is commonly associated but remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between meningioma-associated hyperostosis and other tumour variables.
2302,brain tumour,39258259,"Transportable hyperspectral imaging setup based on fast, high-density spectral scanning for ","Histopathological examination of surgical biopsies, such as in glioma and glioblastoma resection, is hindered in current clinical practice by the long time required for the laboratory analysis and pathological screening, typically taking several days or even weeks to be completed."
2303,brain tumour,39258211,TP53 and EGFR amplification are negative predictors of overall survival in patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastases.,The discovery of driver genes such as 
2304,brain tumour,39258027,Gliosarcoma associated with bilateral hippocampal sclerosis in a cat presenting complex partial seizures with orofacial involvement: A case report.,"Gliosarcoma, a rare cerebral neoplasm, has not been linked to hippocampal changes in cats. We report a case of complex partial seizures with orofacial involvement, revealing gliosarcoma concurrent with bilateral hippocampal sclerosis."
2305,brain tumour,39257581,Single-cell and spatial transcriptome assays reveal heterogeneity in gliomas through stress responses and pathway alterations.,"Glioma is a highly heterogeneous malignancy of the central nervous system. This heterogeneity is driven by various molecular processes, including neoplastic transformation, cell cycle dysregulation, and angiogenesis. Among these biomolecular events, inflammation and stress pathways in the development and driving factors of glioma heterogeneity have been reported. However, the mechanisms of glioma heterogeneity under stress response remain unclear, especially from a spatial aspect."
2306,brain tumour,39257576,Bevacizumab reduces cerebral radiation necrosis due to stereotactic radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases: an inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis.,"Cerebral radiation necrosis (RN), a severe complication of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), has been shown to significantly decrease patient survival time and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether bevacizumab can prevent or reduce the occurrence of SRT-induced cerebral RN in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases."
2307,brain tumour,39257356,Atomic-level design of biomimetic iron-sulfur clusters for biocatalysis.,"Designing biomimetic materials with high activity and customized biological functions by mimicking the central structure of biomolecules has become an important avenue for the development of medical materials. As an essential electron carrier, the iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters have the advantages of simple structure and high electron transport capacity. To rationally design and accurately construct functional materials, it is crucial to clarify the electronic structure and conformational relationships of Fe-S clusters. However, due to the complex catalytic mechanism and synthetic process "
2308,brain tumour,39257039,Differential regulation of viral entry-associated genes modulated by inflammatory cytokines in the nasal epithelium.,"This study aimed to investigate the impact of different types of nasal inflammation on the regulation of entry-associated genes of respiratory viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), and influenza virus, in the nasal epithelium. Subjects were classified into three groups: control, eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS), and noneosinophilic CRS (NECRS) groups. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine subtype 2 (TMPRSS2), alanyl aminopeptidase (ANPEP), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), and beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GAL1), and beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 4 (ST3GAL4) were selected as key entry-associated genes for SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-229E, MERS-CoV, and influenza, respectively, and were evaluated. Brushing samples obtained from each group and human nasal epithelial cells cultured using an air-liquid interface system were treated for 7 days with typical inflammatory cytokines and analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy were performed. The entry-associated genes showed distinct regulation patterns in response to each interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-13 (IL-13), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Specifically, ACE2 significantly decreased in type 2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13), while TMPRSS2 significantly decreased in type 1 cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ). ANPEP significantly decreased in both types of cytokines. Remarkably, DPP4 significantly increased in type 2 cytokines and decreased in type 1 cytokines. Moreover, ST6GAL1 and ST3GAL4 significantly increased in type 2 cytokines and decreased in type 1 cytokines, particularly IFN-γ. These findings were supported by western blot analysis and confocal imaging results, especially for ACE2 and DPP4. The findings regarding differential regulation suggest that patients with ECRS, primarily mediated by type 2 inflammation, may have lower susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E infections but higher susceptibility to MERS-CoV and influenza infections."
2309,brain tumour,39256975,Prognostic Significance of the Advanced Lung Cancer Inflammation Index in Metastatic Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of 96 Patients.,"BACKGROUND The advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) is regarded as a potential indicator of systemic inflammation. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of the ALI in 96 patients with advanced small cell lung cancer (SCLC). MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study included 96 patients who were diagnosed with extensive stage SCLC in a single institution between 2016 and 2022. The formula for ALI is body mass index (kg/m²)×serum albumin (g/dL)/neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio. Patients were divided into low inflammation (ALI ≥32.5) and high inflammation (ALI <32.5) groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional analysis were conducted to assess the association between the ALI and patient prognosis. RESULTS Median age was 61 (range: 41-82) years. Median follow-up was 9 months, and median overall survival (OS) was 10 months (95% CI: 7.75-12.45). A lower ALI score (ALI <32.5) was correlated with a poorer OS than was a higher ALI score (median OS 7 months for ALI <32.5 95% CI: 4.6-9.3 vs 15 months for ALI ≥32.5, 95% CI: 10.6-19.3, P<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, ALI score, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, brain metastasis, and bone metastasis were identified as independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS ALI score is a substantial predictor of survival in SCLC as in other types of cancer types. Patients with a low ALI score have poorer survival. Assessment of ALI can identify lung cancer patients at high risk of poor prognosis and can be a useful prognostic marker in clinical practice."
2310,brain tumour,39256928,The Implication of Photodynamic Therapy Applied to the Level of Tumor Resection on Postoperative Cerebral Edema and Intracranial Pressure Changes in Gliomas.,The aim of our study was to explore the factors influencing cerebral edema and intracranial pressure in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients who undergo photodynamic therapy (PDT) after resection.
2311,brain tumour,39256894,"Identifying adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors that efficiently target high grade glioma cells, for in vitro monitoring of temporal cell responses.","To improve the translation of preclinical cancer research data to successful clinical effect, there is an increasing focus on the use of primary patient-derived cancer cells with limited growth in culture to reduce genetic and phenotype drift. However, these primary lines are less amenable to standardly used methods of exogenous DNA introduction. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors display tropism for a wide range of human tissues, avidly infect primary cells and have a good safety profile. In the present study, we therefore used a next-generation sequencing (NGS) barcoded AAV screening method to assess transduction capability of a panel of 36 AAVs in primary cell lines representing high-grade glioma (HGG) brain tumours including glioblastoma (GBM) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG)/diffuse midline glioma (DMG). As proof of principle, we created a reporter construct to analyse activity of the transcriptional co-activators yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). Transcriptional activation was monitored by promoter-driven expression of the Timer fluorescent tag, a protein that fluoresces green immediately after transcription and transitions to red fluorescence over time. As expected, attempts to express the reporter in primary HGG cells from plasmid expression vectors were unsuccessful. Using the top candidate from the AAV screen, we demonstrate successful AAV-mediated transduction of HGG cells with the YAP/TAZ dynamic activity reporter. In summary, the NGS-screening approach facilitated screening of many potential AAVs, identifying vectors that can be used to study the biology of primary HGG cells."
2312,brain tumour,39256867,A patient-derived cell model for malignant transformation in IDH-mutant glioma.,"Malignant transformation (MT) is commonly seen in IDH-mutant gliomas. There has been a growing research interest in revealing its underlying mechanisms and intervening prior to MT at the early stages of the transforming process. Here we established a unique pair of matched 3D cell models: 403L, derived from a low-grade glioma (LGG), and 403H, derived from a high-grade glioma (HGG), by utilizing IDH-mutant astrocytoma samples from the same patient when the tumor was diagnosed as WHO grade 2 (tumor mutational burden (TMB) of 3.96/Mb) and later as grade 4 (TMB of 70.07/Mb), respectively. Both cell models were authenticated to a patient's sample retaining endogenous expression of IDH1 R132H. DNA methylation profiles of the parental tumors referred to LGG and HGG IDH-mutant glioma clusters. The immunopositivity of SOX2, NESTIN, GFAP, OLIG2, and beta 3-Tubulin suggested the multilineage potential of both models. 403H was more prompt to cell invasion and developed infiltrative HGG in vivo. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the RNA sequencing analysis revealed the tumor invasion and aggressiveness related genes exclusively upregulated in the 403H model. Pathway analysis showcased an enrichment of genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Notch signaling pathways in 403H and 403L, respectively. Mass spectrometry-based targeted metabolomics and hyperpolarized (HP) 1-"
2313,brain tumour,39256832,FAM109B plays a tumorigenic role in low-grade gliomas and is associated with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs).,"Family with sequence similarity 109, member B (FAM109B) is involved in endocytic transport and affects genetic variation in brain methylation. It is one of the important genes related to immune cell-associated diseases. In the tumor immune system, methylation can regulate tumor immunity and influence the maturation and functional response of immune cells. Whether FAM109B is involved in tumor progression and its correlation with the tumor immune microenvironment has not yet been disclosed."
2314,brain tumour,39256801,Modulation of human induced neural stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons by DREADD reveals therapeutic effects on a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.,"Stem cell-based therapy is a promising strategy for treating Parkinson's disease (PD) characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Recently, induced neural stem cell-derived dopaminergic precursor cells (iNSC-DAPs) have been emerged as a promising candidate for PD cell therapy because of a lower tumor-formation ability. Designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) are useful tools for examining functional synaptic connections with host neurons."
2315,brain tumour,39256774,Ibrutinib as treatment for Bing-Neel syndrome reclassified as glioblastoma: a case report.,"Glioblastoma is a highly malignant disease with limited treatment options. Ibrutinib, a covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is an oral agent with manageable side effects used for hematological diseases including Waldenström macroglobulinemia. We present the case of a 69-year-old Caucasian male patient treated with ibrutinib for suspected Bing-Neel syndrome (BNS), which following a biopsy, was reclassified as glioblastoma."
2316,brain tumour,39256746,A deep learning model for differentiating paediatric intracranial germ cell tumour subtypes and predicting survival with MRI: a multicentre prospective study.,"The pretherapeutic differentiation of subtypes of primary intracranial germ cell tumours (iGCTs), including germinomas (GEs) and nongerminomatous germ cell tumours (NGGCTs), is essential for clinical practice because of distinct treatment strategies and prognostic profiles of these diseases. This study aimed to develop a deep learning model, iGNet, to assist in the differentiation and prognostication of iGCT subtypes by employing pretherapeutic MR T2-weighted imaging."
2317,brain tumour,39256669,Oncological outcomes of minimally invasive surgery in non-endometrioid endometrial Cancer patients with varying prognostic risks: a retrospective cohort study based on the ESGO/ESTRO/ESP 2020 guidelines.,Non-endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (NEEC) are characterized by their rarity and adverse prognoses. This study evaluates the outcomes of open versus minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in NEEC patients stratified by prognostic risks according to the 2020 ESGO-ESTRO-ESP risk classification guidelines.
2318,brain tumour,39256547,S-Nitrosylation of p39 promotes its degradation and contributes to synaptic dysfunction induced by β-amyloid peptide.,"Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by cognitive decline, is increasingly recognized as a disorder marked by synaptic loss and dysfunction. Despite this understanding, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to synaptic impairment remain largely unknown. In this study, we elucidate a previously undiscovered signaling pathway wherein the S-nitrosylation of the Cdk5 activator p39, a post-translational modification involving the addition of nitric oxide to protein cysteine residues, plays a crucial role in synaptic dysfunction associated with AD. Our investigation reveals heightened p39 S-nitrosylation in the brain of an amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1) transgenic mouse model of AD. Additionally, soluble amyloid-β oligomers (Aβ), implicated in synaptic loss in AD, induce p39 S-nitrosylation in cultured neurons. Notably, we uncover that p39 protein level is regulated by S-nitrosylation, with nitric oxide S-nitrosylating p39 at Cys265 and subsequently promoting its degradation. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that S-nitrosylation of p39 at Cys265 significantly contributes to amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide-induced dendrite retraction and spine loss. Collectively, our findings highlight S-nitrosylation of p39 as a novel aberrant redox protein modification involved in the pathogenesis of AD, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for the disease."
2319,brain tumour,39256378,Deep intravital brain tumor imaging enabled by tailored three-photon microscopy and analysis.,"Intravital 2P-microscopy enables the longitudinal study of brain tumor biology in superficial mouse cortex layers. Intravital microscopy of the white matter, an important route of glioblastoma invasion and recurrence, has not been feasible, due to low signal-to-noise ratios and insufficient spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we present an intravital microscopy and artificial intelligence-based analysis workflow (Deep3P) that enables longitudinal deep imaging of glioblastoma up to a depth of 1.2 mm. We find that perivascular invasion is the preferred invasion route into the corpus callosum and uncover two vascular mechanisms of glioblastoma migration in the white matter. Furthermore, we observe morphological changes after white matter infiltration, a potential basis of an imaging biomarker during early glioblastoma colonization. Taken together, Deep3P allows for a non-invasive intravital investigation of brain tumor biology and its tumor microenvironment at subcortical depths explored, opening up opportunities for studying the neuroscience of brain tumors and other model systems."
2320,brain tumour,39256263,AI-Driven innovations for managing ependymoma in neurosurgery.,No abstract found
2321,brain tumour,39256233,Adelola Adeyole (1935-2021): Early descriptor of congenital dermoid or epidermoid inclusion cyst over the anterior fontanelle and below the galea aponeurotica.,"The author wished to detail the life and contributions of Dr. Adelola Adeloye, MBBS, MS, FWCS, FRCS, FACS, FRCP, in hope to pay homage to this giant in Global Neurosurgery. Dr. Adelola Adeloye was born on July 18, 1935 in Illesa, Osun State, present-day South-West Nigeria. The Adeloye-Odeku disease is an eponym for a congenital dermoid or epidermoid inclusion cyst (CDIC/CEDIC) over the anterior fontanelle and below the galea aponeurotica. In 1971, Adeloye and Odeku first described these cysts in 18 Nigerian patients. While overall rare and predominantly noted in children, the Adeloye-Odeku disease has been found to impact adults too. In terms of rarity, CDICs make up 0.1-0.5% of cranial tumors and 0.2% of inclusion cysts. CDICs can be distinguished from CEDICs through histopathology as dermoid cysts may contain hair follicles, sweat, sebaceous glands, and teeth, whereas CEDICs usually are only composed of keratinized debris and epidermal tissue. Assumed first to be an African cyst, cases of the Adeloye-Odeku disease were subsequently reported in other ethnic populations: Turkish, Czechs, Slovaks, Chinese, Japanese, Canadians, Saudi Arabians, Indians, Caucasians, Bangladeshis, Spaniards, and Brazilians."
2322,brain tumour,39256216,Personalised PET imaging in oncology: an umbrella review of meta-analyses to guide the appropriate radiopharmaceutical choice and indication.,"For several years, oncological positron emission tomography (PET) has developed beyond 2-deoxy-2-["
2323,brain tumour,39256213,Integrated analyses reveal two molecularly and clinically distinct subtypes of H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas with prognostic significance.,"H3 K27M-altered diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are highly malignant tumours that arise in the midline structures of the CNS. Most DMGs carry an H3 K27M-mutation in one of the genes encoding for histone H3. Recent studies suggested that epigenetic subgroups of DMGs can be distinguished based on alterations in the MAPK-signalling pathway, tumour localisation, mutant H3-gene, or overall survival (OS). However, as these parameters were studied individually, it is unclear how they collectively influence survival. Hence, we analysed dependencies between different parameters, to define novel epigenetic, clinically meaningful subgroups of DMGs. We collected a multifaceted cohort of 149 H3 K27M-mutant DMGs, also incorporating data of published cases. DMGs were included in the study if they could be clearly allocated to the spinal cord (n = 31; one patient with an additional sellar tumour), medulla (n = 20), pons (n = 64) or thalamus (n = 33), irrespective of further known characteristics. We then performed global genome-wide DNA methylation profiling and, for a subset, DNA sequencing and survival analyses. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of DNA methylation data indicated two clusters of DMGs, i.e. subtypes DMG-A and DMG-B. These subtypes differed in mutational spectrum, tumour localisation, age at diagnosis and overall survival. DMG-A was enriched for DMGs with MAPK-mutations, medullary localisation and adult age. 13% of DMG-A had a methylated MGMT promoter. Contrarily, DMG-B was enriched for cases with TP53-mutations, PDGFRA-amplifications, pontine localisation and paediatric patients. In univariate analyses, the features enriched in DMG-B were associated with a poorer survival. However, all significant parameters tested were dependent on the cluster attribution, which had the largest effect on survival: DMG-A had a significantly better survival compared to DMG-B (p < 0.001). Hence, the subtype attribution based on two methylation clusters can be used to predict survival as it integrates different molecular and clinical parameters."
2324,brain tumour,39256110,Exploiting the gut microbiome for brain tumour treatment.,"Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a key role in a host of pathological conditions, including cancer. Indeed, the bidirectional communication that occurs between the gut and the brain, known as the 'gut-brain axis,' has recently been implicated in brain tumour pathology. Here, we focus on current research that supports a gut microbiome-brain tumour link with emphasis on high-grade gliomas, the most aggressive of all brain tumours, and the impact on the glioma tumour microenvironment. We discuss the potential use of gut-brain axis signals to improve responses to current and future therapeutic approaches. We highlight that the success of novel treatment strategies may rely on patient-specific microbiome profiles, and these should be considered for personalised treatment approaches."
2325,brain tumour,39255863,Pleiotrophin modulates acute and long-term LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses and hippocampal neurogenesis.,"The hippocampus is one of the most vulnerable regions affected in disorders characterized by overt neuroinflammation such as neurodegenerative diseases. Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a neurotrophic factor that modulates acute neuroinflammation in different contexts. PTN is found highly upregulated in the brain in different chronic disorders characterized by neuroinflammation, suggesting an important role in the modulation of sustained neuroinflammation. To test this hypothesis, we studied the acute and long-term effects of a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5 mg/kg) administration in Ptn"
2326,brain tumour,39255776,"Glioblastoma induces the recruitment and differentiation of dendritic-like ""hybrid"" neutrophils from skull bone marrow.","Tumor-associated neutrophil (TAN) effects on glioblastoma (GBM) biology remain under-characterized. We show here that neutrophils with dendritic features-including morphological complexity, expression of antigen presentation genes, and the ability to process exogenous peptide and stimulate major histocompatibility complex (MHC)II-dependent T cell activation-accumulate intratumorally and suppress tumor growth in vivo. Trajectory analysis of patient TAN scRNA-seq identifies this ""hybrid"" dendritic-neutrophil phenotype as a polarization state that is distinct from canonical cytotoxic TANs, and which differentiates from local precursors. These hybrid-inducible immature neutrophils-which we identified in patient and murine glioblastomas-arise not from circulation, but from local skull marrow. Through labeled skull flap transplantation and targeted ablation, we characterize calvarial marrow as a contributor of antitumoral myeloid antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including TANs, which elicit T cell cytotoxicity and memory. As such, agents augmenting neutrophil egress from skull marrow-such as intracalvarial AMD3100, whose survival-prolonging effect in GBM we report-present therapeutic potential."
2327,brain tumour,39255775,Fibrotic response to anti-CSF-1R therapy potentiates glioblastoma recurrence.,"Glioblastoma recurrence is currently inevitable despite extensive standard-of-care treatment. In preclinical studies, an alternative strategy of targeting tumor-associated macrophages and microglia through CSF-1R inhibition was previously found to regress established tumors and significantly increase overall survival. However, recurrences developed in ∼50% of mice in long-term studies, which were consistently associated with fibrotic scars. This fibrotic response is observed following multiple anti-glioma therapies in different preclinical models herein and in patient recurrence samples. Multi-omics analyses of the post-treatment tumor microenvironment identified fibrotic areas as pro-tumor survival niches that encapsulated surviving glioma cells, promoted dormancy, and inhibited immune surveillance. The fibrotic treatment response was mediated by perivascular-derived fibroblast-like cells via activation by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling and neuroinflammation. Concordantly, combinatorial inhibition of these pathways inhibited treatment-associated fibrosis, and significantly improved survival in preclinical trials of anti-colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) therapy."
2328,brain tumour,39255772,Epigenetic reprogramming enables NF1A/B oncogenic role in SHH medulloblastoma.,"In this issue of Developmental Cell, Shiraishi et al. investigate the epigenetic changes occurring during the formation of SHH medulloblastoma and show that an epigenomic shift renders Nuclear Factor I family of transcription factors oncogenic."
2329,brain tumour,39255678,Quantitative analysis of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment of glioblastoma and their relevance for prognosis.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a high malignant tumor with no effective treatment. To comprehensively characterize the landscape of immune cells in GBM and evaluate their correlation with prognosis, we developed a multispectral fluorescent imaging pipeline that included tumor-infiltrating lymphocytic markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, NKP46), immune checkpoint markers (PD-1, PD-L1), and markers to characterize myeloid cells (CD68, CD66b, CD163, HLA-DR), to spatially quantify 18 immune cell subsets in 21 GBM cases. We found that macrophages are the most abundant in GBM microenvironment, followed by T cells and neutrophils, while NK and NKT cells are the least. Previously unreported CD8"
2330,brain tumour,26389418,Childhood Medulloblastoma and Other Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors Treatment (PDQ®): Health Professional Version,"This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the treatment of childhood medulloblastoma and other central nervous system embryonal tumors. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians in the care of their patients. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions. This summary is reviewed regularly and updated as necessary by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board, which is editorially independent of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or the National Institutes of Health (NIH)."
2331,brain tumour,39255534,Trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with previously treated HER2-low advanced breast cancer and active brain metastases: the DEBBRAH trial.,"Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is approved for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive and HER2-low advanced breast cancer (ABC). T-DXd has shown encouraging intracranial activity in HER2-positive ABC patients with stable or active brain metastases (BMs); however, its efficacy in patients with HER2-low ABC with BMs is not well established yet."
2332,brain tumour,39255434,Pearls & Oy-sters: Tumour-Like Mass Lesion Secondary to Primary CNS Vasculitis.,"Primary CNS vasculitis (PCNSV) is uncommonly considered in the differential diagnosis of tumor-like lesions. This case report of tumefactive PCNSV highlights imaging features that should increase clinical suspicion for CNS vasculitis, potentially lending to earlier diagnosis and treatment. A 62-year-old man presented with a 1-month history of focal motor seizures and cortical sensory loss localizing to the right frontoparietal lobe. Noncontrast head CT was suggestive of glioma, resulting in intravenous dexamethasone administration and admission to neurosurgery. MRI appearance was atypical for glioma, with relative preservation of regional anatomy, intralesional microhemorrhage, and patchy peripheral enhancement. Despite normal CT angiogram, CSF, and serum inflammatory markers, brain biopsy was suggestive of lymphocytic vasculitis. Extensive workup for secondary causes was negative, and he was diagnosed with tumefactive PCNSV. Treatment with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide resulted in sustained clinical and radiologic improvement. Tumefactive PCNSV is an angiogram-negative small-vessel vasculitis that has a lymphocytic histologic pattern. Tumefactive PCNSV constitutes over 10% of PCNSV cases and can be recognized by the presence of intralesional microhemorrhages, absence of diffusion restriction, and a patchy or nodular enhancement pattern. The most important mimicker is CNS lymphoma, which has a similar imaging and histologic pattern. If individuals with tumefactive PCNSV do not have a sustained immunotherapy response, repeat biopsy should be promptly performed."
2333,brain tumour,39255140,A Framework for Multimodal Medical Image Interaction.,"Medical doctors rely on images of the human anatomy, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to localize regions of interest in the patient during diagnosis and treatment. Despite advances in medical imaging technology, the information conveyance remains unimodal. This visual representation fails to capture the complexity of the real, multisensory interaction with human tissue. However, perceiving multimodal information about the patient's anatomy and disease in real-time is critical for the success of medical procedures and patient outcome. We introduce a Multimodal Medical Image Interaction (MMII) framework to allow medical experts a dynamic, audiovisual interaction with human tissue in three-dimensional space. In a virtual reality environment, the user receives physically informed audiovisual feedback to improve the spatial perception of anatomical structures. MMII uses a model-based sonification approach to generate sounds derived from the geometry and physical properties of tissue, thereby eliminating the need for hand-crafted sound design. Two user studies involving 34 general and nine clinical experts were conducted to evaluate the proposed interaction framework's learnability, usability, and accuracy. Our results showed excellent learnability of audiovisual correspondence as the rate of correct associations significantly improved (p < 0.001) over the course of the study. MMII resulted in superior brain tumor localization accuracy (p < 0.05) compared to conventional medical image interaction. Our findings substantiate the potential of this novel framework to enhance interaction with medical images, for example, during surgical procedures where immediate and precise feedback is needed."
2334,brain tumour,39255019,Glial ferritin maintains neural stem cells via transporting iron required for self-renewal in ,Stem cell niche is critical for regulating the behavior of stem cells. 
2335,brain tumour,39254832,Letter to editor: The efects of dabrafenib and/or trametinib treatment in Braf V600‑mutant glioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"The systematic review and meta-analysis titled ""The Effects of Dabrafenib and/or Trametinib Treatment in BRAF V600-Mutant Glioma"" provides a critical evaluation of these targeted therapies for a challenging subset of gliomas. This review is notable for its comprehensive data integration, offering a robust assessment of the efficacy and safety of dabrafenib and trametinib. By focusing on BRAF V600 mutations, it contributes valuable insights into personalized treatment strategies. However, limitations include study heterogeneity and a lack of long-term follow-up data, which hinder the generalizability and complete understanding of treatment effects. Additionally, while the review emphasizes therapeutic potential, it requires a thorough evaluation of adverse effects. Future research should address these limitations by providing more consistent data, longer follow-up, and a balanced view of treatment risks and benefits."
2336,brain tumour,39253756,Advances in the treatment of IDH-mutant gliomas.,"Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation is a defining molecular driver of WHO grade 2-4 astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. In this article, we review the recent therapeutic approaches specifically targeting IDH-mutant gliomas and summarize ongoing clinical trials in this population."
2337,brain tumour,39253521,Focused Ultrasound Impels the Delivery and Penetration of Model Therapeutics into Cerebral Cavernous Malformations.,"Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular neoplasms in the brain that can cause debilitating symptoms. Current treatments pose significant risks to some patients, motivating the development of new nonsurgical options. We recently discovered that focused ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening (FUS) arrests CCM formation and growth. Here, we build on this discovery and assess the ability of FUS to deliver model therapeutics into CCMs."
2338,brain tumour,39253494,The cytokinetic midbody mediates asymmetric fate specification at mitotic exit during neural stem cell division.,"Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is a broadly used mechanism for generating cellular diversity. Molecules known as fate determinants are segregated during ACD to generate distinct sibling cell fates, but determinants should not be activated until fate can be specified asymmetrically. Determinants could be activated after cell division but many animal cells complete division long after mitosis ends, raising the question of how activation could occur at mitotic exit taking advantage of the unique state plasticity at this time point. Here we show that the midbody, a microtubule-rich structure that forms in the intercellular bridge connecting nascent siblings, mediates fate determinant activation at mitotic exit in neural stem cells (NSCs) of the "
2339,brain tumour,39253454,Widespread Neuroanatomical Integration and Distinct Electrophysiological Properties of Glioma-Innervating Neurons.,"Gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumors and are often associated with severe neurological deficits and mortality. Unlike many cancers, gliomas rarely metastasize outside the brain, indicating a possible dependency on unique features of brain microenvironment. Synapses between neurons and glioma cells exist, suggesting that glioma cells rely on neuronal inputs and synaptic signaling for proliferation. Yet, the locations and properties of neurons that innervate gliomas have remained elusive. In this study, we utilized transsynaptic tracing with a pseudotyped, glycoprotein-deleted rabies virus to specifically infect TVA and glycoprotein-expressing human glioblastoma cells in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model, allowing us to identify the neurons that form synapses onto the gliomas. Comprehensive whole-brain mapping revealed that these glioma-innervating neurons (GINs) consistently arise at brain regions, including diverse neuromodulatory centers and specific cortical layers, known to project to the glioma locations. Molecular profiling revealed that these long-range cortical GINs are predominantly glutamatergic, and subsets express both glutamatergic and GABAergic markers, whereas local striatal GINs are largely GABAergic. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated that while GINs share passive intrinsic properties with cortex-innervating neurons, their action potential waveforms are altered. Our study introduces a novel method for identifying and mapping GINs and reveals their consistent integration into existing location-dependent neuronal network involving diverse neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. The observed intrinsic electrophysiological differences in GINs lay the groundwork for future investigations into how these alterations may correspond with the postsynaptic characteristics of glioma cells."
2340,brain tumour,39253453,Modulation of blood-tumor barrier transcriptional programs improves intra-tumoral drug delivery and potentiates chemotherapy in GBM.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. GBM has an extremely poor prognosis and new treatments are badly needed. Efficient drug delivery to GBM is a major obstacle as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents passage of the majority of cancer drugs into the brain. It is also recognized that the blood-brain tumor barrier (BTB) in the growing tumor represents a challenge. The BTB is heterogeneous and poorly characterized, but similar to the BBB it can prevent therapeutics from reaching effective intra-tumoral doses, dramatically hindering their potential. Here, we identified a 12-gene signature associated with the BTB, with functions related to vasculature development, morphogenesis and cell migration. We identified CDH5 as a core molecule in this set and confirmed its over-expression in GBM vasculature using spatial transcriptomics of GBM patient specimens. We found that the indirubin-derivative, 6-bromoindirubin acetoxime (BIA), could downregulate CDH5 and other BTB signature genes, causing endothelial barrier disruption in endothelial monolayers and BBB 3D spheroids "
2341,brain tumour,39253438,Proteolysis targeting chimera extracellular vesicles for therapeutic development treating triple negative breast cancer.,"Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are an emerging targeted cancer therapy approach, but wide-spread clinical use of PROTAC is limited due to poor cell targeting and penetration, and instability in vivo. To overcome such issues and enhance the in vivo efficacy of PROTAC drugs, microfluidic droplet-based electroporation (µDES) was developed as a novel extracellular vesicle (EVs) transfection system, which enables the high-efficient PROTAC loading and effective delivery in vivo. Our previously developed YX968 PROTAC drug had shown the selectively degradation of HDAC3 and 8, which effectively suppresses the growth of breast tumor cell lines, including MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) line, via dual degradation without provoking a global histone hyperacetylation. In this study, we demonstrated that µDES-based PROTAC loading in EVs significantly enhanced therapeutic function of PROTAC drug in vivo in the TNBC breast tumor mouse model. NSG mice with pre-established MDA-MB-231 tumors and treated with intraperitoneal injection of EVs for tumor inhibition study, which showed significantly higher HDAC 3 and 8 degradation efficiency and tumor inhibition than PROTAC only group. The liver, spleen, kidney, lung, heart, and brain were collected for safety testing, which exhibited improved toxicity. The EV delivery of PROTAC drug enhances drug stability and bioavailability in vivo, transportability, and drug targeting ability, which fills an important gap in current development of PROTAC therapeutic functionality in vivo and clinical translation. This novel EV-based drug transfection and delivery strategy could be applicable to various therapeutics for enhancing in vivo delivery, efficacy, and safety."
2342,brain tumour,39253432,H3K27M diffuse midline glioma is homologous recombination defective and sensitized to radiotherapy and NK cell-mediated antitumor immunity by PARP inhibition.,"Radiotherapy (RT) is the primary treatment for diffuse midline glioma (DMG), a lethal pediatric malignancy defined by histone H3 lysine 27-to-methionine (H3K27M) mutation. Based on the loss of H3K27 trimethylation producing broad epigenomic alterations, we hypothesized that H3K27M causes a functional double-strand break (DSB) repair defect that could be leveraged therapeutically with PARP inhibitor and RT for selective radiosensitization and antitumor immune responses."
2343,brain tumour,39253041,Newly emerged T2 high-signal intensity area mimicking oligodendroglioma expansion on intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging: A case report.,"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an indispensable tool in neurosurgery, though it sometimes faces challenges such as ""tumor mimicry."" While intraoperative MRI (iMRI) is widely recognized for its usefulness in achieving maximal safe resection during glioma surgery, instances of tumor mimicry still occur on iMRI. Moreover, reports on tumor mimics observed through iMRI, particularly in low-grade gliomas, remain scarce. In this article, we present a case of oligodendroglioma, where a newly emerged T2 high-signal intensity region on iMRI necessitated differentiation from tumor expansion. A 23-year-old man presented with a newly diagnosed brain tumor and underwent surgical removal. An iMRI taken after tumor removal revealed a newly emerged T2 hyperintense area without diffusion restriction around the resection cavity, which was not observed in the preoperative MRI. Suspecting residual tumor, we performed additional resection. An MRI on the following day confirmed that the T2 hyperintense area identified on the iMRI had been completely resected but also revealed an enlarged T2 high-signal area over a wider region. Histopathology found no tumor cells in the additionally resected area, indicating that the iMRI finding was a tumor mimic. Six months later, the T2 high-signal area around the resection cavity had disappeared on MRI without any additional treatment. This case highlights the challenge of distinguishing between T2 hyperintense mimicry and tumor enlargement during glioma surgery seen on iMRI. Despite the significant value of iMRI, our report underscores the need for careful interpretation in neurosurgical practice, particularly with non-contrast-enhancing tumors."
2344,brain tumour,39252971,Patient-derived tumor organoids mimic treatment-induced DNA damage response in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor, characterized by resistance to therapy. Despite aggressive treatment options, GB remains an incurable disease. Invasiveness and heterogeneity are key GB features that cannot be studied in preclinical "
2345,brain tumour,39252932,Fast intraoperative detection of primary CNS lymphoma and differentiation from common CNS tumors using stimulated Raman histology and deep learning.,"Accurate intraoperative diagnosis is crucial for differentiating between primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) and other CNS entities, guiding surgical decision-making, but represents significant challenges due to overlapping histomorphological features, time constraints, and differing treatment strategies. We combined stimulated Raman histology (SRH) with deep learning to address this challenge. We imaged unprocessed, label-free tissue samples intraoperatively using a portable Raman scattering microscope, generating virtual H&E-like images within less than three minutes. We developed a deep learning pipeline called RapidLymphoma based on a self-supervised learning strategy to (1) detect PCNSL, (2) differentiate from other CNS entities, and (3) test the diagnostic performance in a prospective international multicenter cohort and two additional independent test cohorts. We trained on 54,000 SRH patch images sourced from surgical resections and stereotactic-guided biopsies, including various CNS tumor/non-tumor lesions. Training and test data were collected from four tertiary international medical centers. The final histopathological diagnosis served as ground-truth. In the prospective test cohort of PCNSL and non-PCNSL entities (n=160), RapidLymphoma achieved an overall balanced accuracy of 97.81% ±0.91, non-inferior to frozen section analysis in detecting PCNSL (100% vs. 78.94%). The additional test cohorts (n=420, n=59) reached balanced accuracy rates of 95.44% ±0.74 and 95.57% ±2.47 in differentiating IDH-wildtype diffuse gliomas and various brain metastasis from PCNSL. Visual heatmaps revealed RapidLymphoma's capabilities to detect class-specific histomorphological key features. RapidLymphoma is valid and reliable in detecting PCNSL and differentiating from other CNS entities within three minutes, as well as visual feedback in an intraoperative setting. This leads to fast clinical decision-making and further treatment strategy planning."
2346,brain tumour,39252847,Abscopal effect following checkpoint inhibitor therapy and localized radiotherapy for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: A case report.,"We present the case of a 64-year-old patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, who experienced disease progression despite undergoing multiple lines of systemic therapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Two months after stereotactic radiosurgery to his brain lesions and while the patient was not on any systemic therapy, restaging scans demonstrated a dramatic near complete regression of the primary renal lesion and metastatic sites, which was attributed to the abscopal effect, mediated by the exposure to ICI and radiotherapy. While its mechanisms are not fully understood, it is believed to stem from the tumor immunosuppression and immunogenicity induced by radiation."
2347,brain tumour,39252653,Development of Neural Cells and Spontaneous Neural Activities in Engineered Brain-Like Constructs for Transplantation.,"Stem cell transplantation has demonstrated efficacy in treating neurological disorders by generating functional cells and secreting beneficial factors. However, challenges remain for current cell suspension injection therapy, including uncontrollable cell distribution, the potential for tumor formation, and limited ability to treat spatial defects. Therefore, implants with programmable cell development, tailored 3D structure, and functionalized biomaterials have the potential to both control cell distribution and reduce or heal spatial defects. Here, a biomimetic material system comprising gelatin, alginate, and fibrinogen has been developed for neural progenitor cell constructs using 3D printing. The resulting constructs exhibit excellent formability, stability, and developmental functions in vitro, as well as biocompatibility and integration into the hippocampus in vivo. The controllability, reproducibility, and material composition of the constructs show potential for use in personalized stem cell-based therapies for defective neurological disorders, neural development research, disease modeling, and organoid-derived intelligent systems."
2348,brain tumour,39252580,"Brain tumoroids: treatment prediction and drug development for brain tumors with fast, reproducible and easy-to-use personalized models.","generation of patient avatar is critically needed in neuro-oncology for treatment prediction and preclinical therapeutic development. Our objective was to develop a fast, reproducible, low-cost and easy-to-use method of tumoroids generation and analysis, efficient for all types of brain tumors, primary and metastatic."
2349,brain tumour,39252509,Glioma Identification Based on Digital Multimodal Spectra Integrated With Deep Learning Feature Fusion Using a Miniature Raman Spectrometer.,"The miniature fiber Raman spectroscopy detection technology can reflect the properties of biomolecules through spectral characteristics and has the advantages of noninvasiveness, real-time, safety, label-free operation, and potential for early cancer diagnosis. This technology holds promise for developing portable, low-cost, intraoperative tumor detection instruments. Glioma is one of the most common malignant tumors of the central nervous system with rapid growth and a short disease course. However, the considerable heterogeneity of the glioma sample leads to substantial intraclass variance in collected spectra, coupled with the miniature Raman spectrometer's low signal-to-noise ratio. These factors diminish the accuracy of the brain glioma recognition model. To address this issue, a glioma identification method based on digital multimodal spectra integrated with deep learning features fusion (DMS-DLFF) using the miniature Raman spectrometer is proposed. Different from existing multimodal tumor detection methods employing multiple spectral instruments, DMS-DLFF enhances tumor identification accuracy without increasing hardware costs. The method mathematically decomposes the original spectra to Raman and fluorescence spectra, so as to augment the biospectral information. Then, the deep learning method is used to extract the feature information of the two kinds of spectra, respectively, and the digital multimodal spectral fusion is realized at the feature level. Moreover, a two-layer pattern recognition model is constructed based on the ensemble strategy, amalgamating the strengths of diverse classifiers. Meanwhile, the bagging strategy is introduced to improve support vector machine algorithms, one of the basic classifiers. Compared with traditional methodologies, DMS-DLFF operates at both the feature level and decision level, employing high-information-density feature vectors to train ensemble classification models for increasing overall recognition accuracy. This study collected 260 Raman spectra of glioma and 151 Raman spectra of normal brain tissue. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 91.9%, 96.7%, and 80.8%, respectively. The proposed method outperforms traditional algorithms in brain glioma detection, which helps doctors formulate precise surgical plans and thereby improve patient prognosis."
2350,brain tumour,39252467,Mortality in people living with dementia who self-harmed: An Australian data linkage study.,This study aimed to examine mortality for people living with dementia/mild cognitive impairment who self-harmed.
2351,brain tumour,39252369,"In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding: ""Assessing the suitability of artificial intelligence-based chatbots as counseling agents for brain tumor patients: A comprehensive survey analysis"".",No abstract found
2352,brain tumour,39252368,"Letter to the Editor Regarding ""Assessing the Suitability of Artificial Intelligence-Based Chatbots as Counseling Agents for Brain Tumor Patients: A Comprehensive Survey Analysis"".",No abstract found
2353,brain tumour,39252365,"In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding ""Genetically Distinct Oligosarcoma Arising from Oligodendroglioma: Systematic Review & Illustrative Case Example"".",No abstract found
2354,brain tumour,39252364,"Letter to the Editor Regarding ""Genetically Distinct Oligosarcoma Arising From Oligodendroglioma: Systematic Review & Illustrative Case Example"".",No abstract found
2355,brain tumour,39252341,"Letter to the Editor Regarding ""Survival Impact of Combined Biguanide and Temozolomide in Glioblastoma Preclinical Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"".",No abstract found
2356,brain tumour,39252337,"Letter to the Editor Regarding ""Simultaneous Single-Trajectory Endoscopic Biopsy and Third Ventriculostomy in Pineal Region Tumors: A Systematic Review and Single Arm Meta-Analysis"".",No abstract found
2357,brain tumour,39252261,Lung and bone metastases patterns in Ewing sarcoma: Chemotherapy improves overall survival.,"Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a small round cell malignancy, mainly in the bone tissue, followed by the soft tissue. Lung metastases (LM) and bone metastases (BM) are the most common types of metastases. From 2010 to 2018, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database diagnosed 242 cases of ES with LM, 186 cases of ES with BM, and 74 cases of ES with LM and BM. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors for LM and/or BM, and Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were used to determine the prognostic factors for LM and/or BM. Tumor size ≥50 mm, N1 stage, BM, liver metastases, and surgical treatment were significantly correlated with LM; tumor size >100 mm, brain metastases, LM, surgical treatment, and chemotherapy were significantly correlated with BM; female, N1 stage, brain metastases, liver metastases, and surgical treatment were significantly correlated with LM and BM. Older age, BM, higher T stage, no surgical treatment, and no chemotherapy were harmful to the survival of ES patients with LM; older age, female, LM, and no chemotherapy were harmful to the survival of ES patients with BM; older age and no chemotherapy were harmful to the survival of ES patients with LM and BM. Larger tumor size, N1 stages, and organ metastases were significantly associated with ES patients with LM and/or BM. Chemotherapy is effective in improving the survival."
2358,brain tumour,39252257,Cutaneous manifestations of infective endocarditis as presenting signs of left atrial myxoma in a patient with acute ischemic stroke: A case report.,"Approximately one-fifth ischemic stroke are attributed to cardioembolism. Patients with cardioembolic stroke often develop a more severe disability and a higher risk of stroke recurrence. Cardiac myxoma, although uncommon, can serve as a potentially curable cause of acute embolic strokes."
2359,brain tumour,39252245,Prediction of Glioma enhancement pattern using a MRI radiomics-based model.,"Contrast-MRI scans carry risks associated with the chemical contrast agents. Accurate prediction of enhancement pattern of gliomas has potential in avoiding contrast agent administration to patients. This study aimed to develop a machine learning radiomics model that can accurately predict enhancement pattern of gliomas based on T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery images. A total of 385 cases of pathologically-proven glioma were retrospectively collected with preoperative magnetic resonance T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery images, which were divided into enhancing and non-enhancing groups. Predictive radiomics models based on machine learning with 6 different classifiers were established in the training cohort (n = 201), and tested both in the internal validation cohort (n = 85) and the external validation cohort (n = 99). Receiver-operator characteristic curve was used to assess the predictive performance of these radiomics models. This study demonstrated that the radiomics model comprising of 15 features using the Gaussian process as a classifier had the highest predictive performance in both the training cohort and the internal validation cohort, with the area under the curve being 0.88 and 0.80, respectively. This model showed an area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 0.81, 0.98, 0.61, 0.82, 0.76 and 0.96, respectively, in the external validation cohort. This study suggests that the T2-FLAIR-based machine learning radiomics model can accurately predict enhancement pattern of glioma."
2360,brain tumour,39252229,Diffusion-weighted MR image analysis based on gamma distribution model for differentiating benign and malignant brain tumors.,"Considering the invasiveness of the biopsy method, we attempted to evaluate the ability of the gamma distribution model using magnetic resonance imaging images to stage and grade benign and malignant brain tumors."
2361,brain tumour,39251990,Modulating voltage-gated sodium channels to enhance differentiation and sensitize glioblastoma cells to chemotherapy.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) stands as the most prevalent and aggressive form of adult gliomas. Despite the implementation of intensive therapeutic approaches involving surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, Glioblastoma Stem Cells contribute to tumor recurrence and poor prognosis. The induction of Glioblastoma Stem Cells differentiation by manipulating the transcriptional machinery has emerged as a promising strategy for GBM treatment. Here, we explored an innovative approach by investigating the role of the depolarized resting membrane potential (RMP) observed in patient-derived GBM sphereforming cell (GSCs), which allows them to maintain a stemness profile when they reside in the G0 phase of the cell cycle."
2362,brain tumour,39251963,The causal relationship between CSF metabolites and GBM: a two-sample mendelian randomization analysis.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary malignant brain tumor characterized by rapid progression, poor prognosis, and high mortality rates. Understanding the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolites and GBM is crucial for identifying potential biomarkers and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of this devastating disease."
2363,brain tumour,39251875,Spatial single-cell isotope tracing reveals heterogeneity of de novo fatty acid synthesis in cancer.,"While heterogeneity is a key feature of cancer, understanding metabolic heterogeneity at the single-cell level remains a challenge. Here we present "
2364,brain tumour,39251709,Proteomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid reveals TKT as a potential biomarker for medulloblastoma.,"Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays an important role in brain tumors, including medulloblastoma (MBL). Recent advancements in mass spectrometry systems and 'Omics' data analysis methods enable unbiased, high proteome depth research. We conducted proteomic profiling of the total CSF in MBL patients with the purpose of finding a potential diagnostic biomarker for MBL. We quantified 1112 proteins per CSF sample. Feature selection identified four elevated soluble proteins (SPTBN1, HSP90AA1, TKT, and NME1-NME2) in MBL CSF. Validation with ELISA confirmed that TKT was significantly elevated in MBL. Additionally, TKT-positive extracellular vesicles were significantly enriched in MBL CSF and correlated with the burden of leptomeningeal seeding. Our results provide insights into the proteomics data of the total CSF of MBL patients. Furthermore, we identified the significance of TKT within the total CSF and its presence within circulating EVs in the CSF. We suggest that TKT may serve as a biomarker for MBL."
2365,brain tumour,39251666,Bipolar electrochemical growth of conductive microwires for cancer spheroid integration: a step forward in conductive biological circuitry.,"The field of bioelectronics is developing exponentially. There is now a drive to interface electronics with biology for the development of new technologies to improve our understanding of electrical forces in biology. This builds on our recently published work in which we show wireless electrochemistry could be used to grow bioelectronic functional circuitry in 2D cell layers. To date our ability to merge electronics with in situ with biology is 3D limited. In this study, we aimed to further develop the wireless electrochemical approach for the self-assembly of microwires in situ with custom-designed and fabricated 3D cancer spheroids. Unlike traditional electrochemical methods that rely on direct electrical connections to induce currents, our technique utilises bipolar electrodes that operate independently of physical wired connections. These electrodes enable redox reactions through the application of an external electric field. Specifically, feeder electrodes connected to a power supply generate an electric field, while the bipolar electrodes, not physically connected to the feeder electrodes, facilitate the reduction of silver ions from the solution. This process occurs upon applying a voltage across the feeder electrodes, resulting in the formation of self-assembled microwires between the cancer spheroids.Thereby, creating interlinked bioelectronic circuitry with cancer spheroids. We demonstrate that a direct current was needed to stimulate the growth of conductive microwires in the presence of cell spheroids. Microwire growth was successful when using 50 V (0.5 kV/cm) of DC applied to a single spheroid of approximately 800 µm in diameter but could not be achieved with alternating currents. This represents the first proof of the concept of using wireless electrochemistry to grow conductive structures with 3D mammalian cell spheroids."
2366,brain tumour,39251578,Glioblastoma cells increase expression of notch signaling and synaptic genes within infiltrated brain tissue.,"Glioblastoma remains one of the deadliest brain malignancies. First-line therapy consists of maximal surgical tumor resection, accompanied by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Malignant cells escape surgical resection by migrating into the surrounding healthy brain tissue, where they give rise to the recurrent tumor. Based on gene expression, tumor cores can be subtyped into mesenchymal, proneural, and classical tumors, each being associated with differences in genetic alterations and cellular composition. In contrast, the adjacent brain parenchyma where infiltrating malignant cells escape surgical resection is less characterized in patients. Using spatial transcriptomics (n = 11), we show that malignant cells within proneural or mesenchymal tumor cores display spatially organized differences in gene expression, although such differences decrease within the infiltrated brain tissue. Malignant cells residing in infiltrated brain tissue have increased expression of genes related to neurodevelopmental pathways and glial cell differentiation. Our findings provide an updated view of the spatial landscape of glioblastomas and further our understanding of the malignant cells that infiltrate the healthy brain, providing new avenues for the targeted therapy of these cells after surgical resection."
2367,brain tumour,39251520,Astroblastoma with MN1::BEND2 in an elderly patient: A case report and review of the literature.,No abstract found
2368,brain tumour,39251462,CAR T cell therapy for pediatric central nervous system tumors: a review of the literature and current North American trials.,"Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Typical therapy for CNS tumors in children involves a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. While upfront therapy is effective for many high-grade tumors, therapy at the time of relapse remains limited. Furthermore, for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and diffuse midline glioma (DMG), there are currently no curative therapies. Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy is a promising novel treatment avenue for these tumors. Here, we review the preclinical evidence for CAR T cell use in pediatric brain tumors, the preliminary clinical experience of CNS CAR T cell trials, toxicity associated with systemic and locoregional CAR T cell therapy for CNS tumors, challenges in disease response evaluation with CAR T cell therapy, and the knowledge gained from correlative biologic studies from these trials in the pediatric and young adult population."
2369,brain tumour,39251184,The kynurenine pathway regulated by intestinal innate lymphoid cells mediates postoperative cognitive dysfunction.,"Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a prevalent neurological complication that can impair learning and memory for days, months, or even years after anesthesia/surgery. POCD is strongly associated with an altered composition of the gut microbiota (dysbiosis), but the accompanying metabolic changes and their role in gut-brain communication and POCD pathogenesis remain unclear. Here, the present study reports that anesthesia/surgery in aged mice induces elevated intestinal indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression and activity, which shifts intestinal tryptophan (TRP) metabolism toward more IDO-catalyzed kynurenine (KYN) and less gut bacteria-catabolized indoleacetic acid (IAA). Both anesthesia/surgery and intraperitoneal KYN administration induce increased KYN levels that correlate with impaired spatial learning and memory, whereas dietary IAA supplementation attenuates the anesthesia/surgery-induced cognitive impairment. Mechanistically, anesthesia/surgery increases interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1) in the small intestine lamina propria and elevates intestinal IDO expression and activity, as indicated by the higher ratio of KYN to TRP. The IDO inhibitor 1-MT and antibodies targeting IFN-γ or ILCs mitigate anesthesia/surgery-induced cognitive dysfunction, suggesting that intestinal ILC1 expansion and the ensuing IFN-γ-induced IDO upregulation may be the primary pathway mediating the shift to the KYN pathway in POCD. The ILC1-KYN pathway in the intestine could be a promising therapeutic target for POCD."
2370,brain tumour,39251058,Intracerebroventricular injection of α-synuclein preformed fibrils do not induce motor and olfactory impairment in C57BL/6 mice.,"Alpha-synuclein (αSyn) is believed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) total αSyn were significantly lower in PD patients, whereas the aggregates were higher, and this phenomenon was further exacerbated with longer disease duration. However, whether CSF αSyn can be the cause and/or a consequence in PD is not fully elucidated."
2371,brain tumour,39251048,The potential of circulating cell-free RNA in CNS tumor diagnosis and monitoring: A liquid biopsy approach.,"Early detection of malignancies, through regular cancer screening, has already proven to have potential to increase survival rates. Yet current screening methods rely on invasive, expensive tissue sampling that has hampered widespread use. Liquid biopsy is noninvasive and represents a potential approach to precision oncology, based on molecular profiling of body fluids. Among these, circulating cell-free RNA (cfRNA) has gained attention due to its diverse composition and potential as a sensitive biomarker. This review provides an overview of the processes of cfRNA delivery into the bloodstream and the role of cfRNA detection in the diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Different types of cfRNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been recognized as potential biomarkers in CNS tumors. These molecules exhibit differential expression patterns in the plasma, cerebrospinalfluid (CSF) and urine of patients with CNS tumors, providing information for diagnosing the disease, predicting outcomes, and assessing treatment effectiveness. Few clinical trials are currently exploring the use of liquid biopsy for detecting and monitoring CNS tumors. Despite obstacles like sample standardization and data analysis, cfRNA shows promise as a tool in the diagnosis and management of CNS tumors, offering opportunities for early detection, personalized therapy, and improved patient outcomes."
2372,brain tumour,33620818,Olfactory Training,"About 20% of people in the general population have an impairment of the sense of smell. Impaired olfaction leads to diminished quality of life. This can be dangerous, as environmental hazards such as the smell of natural gas or smoke may not be appreciated; the sense of taste is intimately connected with the sense of smell, and diminished taste can also result in missed indications of danger, such as spoiled or contaminated food. Furthermore, impaired olfaction may be a warning sign for common neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer dementia and Parkinson disease. The most common causes of olfactory decline are sinonasal disease, viral infection, and nasofacial trauma. If there is a clear structural pathology in the nose or brain, treatment may be oriented toward the underlying lesion, such as functional endoscopic nasal surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis or neurosurgical interventions for an anterior skull base tumor. In patients with damage to the olfactory epithelium and olfactory pathways due to inflammation, toxins, trauma, viral infection, or unknown causes, olfactory therapy may be appropriate. Medications such as corticosteroids for chronic rhinosinusitis and other inflammatory conditions may provide some relief from olfactory decline. Other options include sodium citrate, zinc, and vitamins, but their efficacy has not been definitively proven to date. A non-surgical and non-pharmacological approach to improve olfactory function is olfactory training, wherein patients expose themselves twice daily to different odors over the course of several months.  Several studies have described the efficacy of olfactory training. In many cases, however, the studies' findings are questionable due to the absence of appropriate control groups or the lack of a double-blinded experimental design. Moreover, some patients with olfactory dysfunction recover spontaneously. Up to 20% of patients with post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction and up to 60% of patients with post-infectious olfactory dysfunction demonstrate spontaneous resolution of symptoms.  Additionally, younger patients, patients with relatively well-preserved olfactory function, women, and non-smokers have a good chance of a spontaneous improvement of olfactory functioning. For patients who smoke, tobacco use should be discouraged because it is associated with diminished olfactory functioning, and continued use may thwart any attempt to improve the sense of smell. Olfactory training is comparatively simple, and so far, serious side effects have not been reported. Although its precise mechanism of action and efficacy are incompletely understood, olfactory training is increasingly applied in routine care for patients with olfactory dysfunction of varying etiologies."
2373,brain tumour,39250728,Bin2cell reconstructs cells from high resolution Visium HD data.,"Visium HD by 10X Genomics is the first commercially available platform capable of capturing full scale transcriptomic data paired with a reference morphology image from archived FFPE blocks at sub-cellular resolution. However, aggregation of capture regions to single cells poses challenges. Bin2cell reconstructs cells from the highest resolution data (2 μm bins) by leveraging morphology image segmentation and gene expression information. It is compatible with established Python single cell and spatial transcriptomics software, and operates efficiently in a matter of minutes without requiring a GPU. We demonstrate improvements in downstream analysis when using the reconstructed cells over default 8 μm bins on mouse brain and human colorectal cancer data."
2374,brain tumour,39250527,Current strategic arsenal and advances in nose to brain nanotheranostics for therapeutic intervention of glioblastoma multiforme.,"The fight against Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is ongoing and the long-term outlook for GBM remains challenging due to low prognosis but every breakthrough brings us closer to improving patient outcomes. Significant hurdles in GBM are heterogeneity, fortified tumor location, and blood-brain barrier (BBB), hindering adequate drug concentrations within functioning brain regions, thus leading to low survival rates. The nasal passageway has become an appealing location to commence the course of cancer therapy. Utilization of the nose-to-brain (N2B) route for drug delivery takes a sidestep from the BBB to allow therapeutics to directly access the central nervous system (CNS) and enhance drug localization in the vicinity of the tumor. This comprehensive review provides insights into pertinent anatomy and cellular organization of the nasal cavity, present-day diagnostic tools, intracranial invasive therapies, and advancements in intranasal (IN) therapies in GBM models for better clinical outcomes. Also, this review highlights groundbreaking carriers and delivery techniques that could revolutionize GBM management such as biomimetics, image guiding-drug delivery, and photodynamic and photothermal therapies for GBM management."
2375,brain tumour,39248438,Multifaceted bioinformatic analysis of m6A-related ferroptosis and its link with gene signatures and tumour-infiltrating immune cells in gliomas.,"Whether N6-Methyladenosine (m6A)- and ferroptosis-related genes act on immune responses to regulate glioma progression remains unanswered. Data of glioma and corresponding normal brain tissues were fetched from the TCGA database and GTEx. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified for GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. The FerrDb database was based to yield ferroptosis-related DEGs. Hub genes were then screened out using the cytoHubba database and validated in clinical samples. Immune cells infiltrating into the glioma tissues were analysed using the CIBERSORT R script. The association of gene signature underlying the m6A-related ferroptosis with tumour-infiltrating immune cells and immune checkpoints in low-grade gliomas was analysed. Of 6298 DEGs enriched in mRNA modifications, 144 were ferroptosis-related; NFE2L2 and METTL16 showed the strongest positive correlation. METTL16 knockdown inhibited the migrative and invasive abilities of glioma cells and induced ferroptosis in vitro. NFE2L2 was enriched in the anti-m6A antibody. Moreover, METTL16 knockdown reduced the mRNA stability and level of NFE2L2 (both p < 0.05). Proportions of CD8+ T lymphocytes, activated mast cells and M2 macrophages differed between low-grade gliomas and normal tissues. METTL16 expression was negatively correlated with CD8+ T lymphocytes, while that of NFE2L2 was positively correlated with M2 macrophages and immune checkpoints in low-grade gliomas. Gene signatures involved in the m6A-related ferroptosis in gliomas were identified via bioinformatic analyses. NFE2L2 interacted with METTL16 to regulate the immune response in low-grade gliomas, and both molecules may be novel therapeutic targets for gliomas."
2376,brain tumour,39248287,"EGFR and EGFRvIII coopt host defense pathways, promoting progression in glioblastoma.","Co-amplification of EGFR and EGFRvIII, a tumor-specific truncation mutant of EGFR, represent hallmark genetic lesions in glioblastoma."
2377,brain tumour,39248068,Bioinformatics Analysis Screening and Identification of Key Biomarkers and Drug Targets in Human Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma is the most common type of brain cancer, with a prognosis that is unfortunately poor. Despite considerable progress in the field, the intricate molecular basis of this cancer remains elusive."
2378,brain tumour,39247976,Update on the intriguing roles of AQP4 expression and redistribution in the progression and treatment of glioma.,"Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is abundant in the human brain and has an important role in brain homeostasis and diseases. AQP4 expression has been found to be associated with glioma malignancies. However, the complete understanding of the biological processes and curative importance of AQP4 in glioma remains unclear. The impact of AQP4 subcellular mislocalization on glioma progression and the precise mechanisms regarding AQP4 translocation in glioma need further investigation. In this review, we update recent findings about disturbed AQP4 expression in glioma and explore targeting AQP4 to modulate the glioma progression. Thereafter we discuss some possible mechanisms of action of AQP4 translocations in glioma. The present article offers an appropriate introduction to the potential involvement of AQP4 in the emergence and progression of glioma. Both comprehensive research into the mechanisms and systematically intervention studies focusing on AQP4 are essential. By embracing this strategy, we can obtain a new and insightful outlook on managing cancerous glioma. Although the observations summarized in this review should be confirmed with more studies, we believe that they could provide critical information for the design of more focused research that will allow for systematic and definitive evaluation of the role of AQP4 in glioma treatments."
2379,brain tumour,39247935,Telling Time: Patient Experiences of Temporality in Brain Tumor Comics.,"This article explores three different comics by creators with brain tumors: Rick, written and drawn by Gordon Shaw; Going Remote, written by Adam Bessie and drawn by Peter Glanting; and Parenthesis, written and drawn by Élodie Durand. It examines how the affordances of the comics medium enables the creators to present an experience of subjective time that is multiple, diffuse, and contradictory, in contrast to the regular apportioning of time via calendars, schedules, and pathways essential to institutional neuro-oncology. The question of time here is significant because the side effects of brain tumors can include blackouts, seizures, and periods of extreme fatigue, during which the experience of time can be significantly disrupted. The title of the article therefore evokes a temporal duality: on the one hand, it refers to the common phrase used to describe what clocks do, as well as our ability to read them; on the other hand, it speaks to one of the most important qualities of graphic medicine, which is that it allows patients dealing with medical or health issues to tell time differently. The article explores the representation of personal time in Rick, social time in Going Remote, and lost time in Parenthesis."
2380,brain tumour,39247813,RUNX1-PDIA5 Axis Promotes Malignant Progression of Glioblastoma by Regulating CCAR1 Protein Expression.,"PDIA5 is responsible for modification of disulfide bonds of proteins. However, its impact on the malignant progression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains unknown. We analyzed the expression and prognostic significance of PDIA5 in cohorts of GBM and clinical samples. The PDIA5 protein was significantly overexpressed in GBM tissues, and higher expression of PDIA5 was statistically associated with a worse prognosis in patients with GBM. Transcriptional data from PDIA5 knockdown GBM cells revealed that downstream regulatory genes of PDIA5 were enriched in malignant regulatory pathways and PDIA5 enhanced the proliferative and invasive abilities of GBM cells. By constructing a PDIA5 CXXC motif mutant plasmid, we found CCAR1 was the vital downstream factor of PDIA5 in regulating GBM malignancy "
2381,brain tumour,39247749,"Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma involving the nasal cavity, unilateral paranasal sinuses, and intracranial invasion: A case report.","Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (SNTCS) is a rare and highly invasive neoplasm originating from the nasal cavity and sinuses. Typically, it exhibits an invasive behavior towards adjacent structures; however, in exceptional instances, it may infiltrate the intracranial compartment. Due to the tumor's rarity and lack of distinctive features on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images, SNTCS is often misdiagnosed."
2382,brain tumour,39247733,Shedding light on pancreatic metastasis of clear cell sarcoma: An exceptional journey.,This editorial comments on the study by Liu 
2383,brain tumour,39247726,Ventricular system-unrelated cerebellar ependymoma: A case report.,"An ependymoma is a glial tumor that usually occurs in or near the ventricle, close to the ependyma. It rarely occurs exclusively in the brain parenchyma without being associated with the ventricle."
2384,brain tumour,39247519,Comparing spatial distributions of ALA-PpIX and indocyanine green in a whole pig brain glioma model using 3D fluorescence cryotomography.,"ALA-PpIX and second-window indocyanine green (ICG) have been studied widely for guiding the resection of high-grade gliomas. These agents have different mechanisms of action and uptake characteristics, which can affect their performance as surgical guidance agents. Elucidating these differences in animal models that approach the size and anatomy of the human brain would help guide the use of these agents. Herein, we report on the use of a new pig glioma model and fluorescence cryotomography to evaluate the 3D distributions of both agents throughout the whole brain."
2385,brain tumour,39247023,Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Presenting as a Solitary Fourth Ventricular Mass: A Case Report.,"The occurrence of primary fourth ventricular lymphoma is an exceptionally uncommon phenomenon. Here, we present a case of lymphoma in the fourth ventricle in a 30-year-old male who presented with progressive headache and vertigo over the last one month of his presentation. Preoperative MRI revealed a space-occupying lesion of the fourth ventricle. Pathological analysis following complete resection confirmed the lesion as primary central nervous system lymphoma. The patient underwent chemotherapy following the MTR (methotrexate, temozolomide, and rituximab) protocol with four months of uneventful follow-up, indicating no disease recurrence. Therefore, clinicians are advised to consider the potential presence of lymphoma as part of the differential diagnosis for space-occupying lesions, especially when there is a combination of clinical deterioration and rapid imaging progression."
2386,brain tumour,39246981,Integrative Oncology for High-Grade Glioma: A Case Report on the Combined Effects of Oncothermia and Complementary Therapies.,"High-grade gliomas are aggressive brain tumors with a poor prognosis despite conventional treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Integrative oncology, combining conventional and complementary therapies, may offer additional benefits in managing these complex cases. We present a 68-year-old male farmer diagnosed with high-grade glioma in the left medial temporal lobe. The patient presented with severe headache, disturbed sleep, and anxiety, and experienced an episode of fever and seizure. He refused conventional radiation therapy due to concerns about side effects and opted for an integrative medicine protocol. This protocol included oncothermia, high-dose vitamin C therapy, hydrogen inhalation, ozone therapy, magnet therapy, fasting, acupuncture, pulsed electromagnetic field therapy, yoga therapy, hydrotherapy, biologicals, and dietary modifications. The patient underwent 12 sessions of oncothermia over 24 days, combined with other integrative therapies. MRI scans before and after treatment showed a reduction in tumor size from 3.6 x 2.9 x 2.5 cm to 3.4 x 2.7 x 2.5 cm, corresponding to a 12% decrease in volume. Hematological parameters (complete blood count, liver function test, kidney function test, C-reactive protein), cancer markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, lactate dehydrogenase), and mental health indices (quality of life, survival rate) also showed significant improvement. The patient experienced no adverse events and reported enhanced quality of life. This case report suggests that an integrative oncology approach, combining oncothermia and various complementary therapies, may be an effective treatment option for high-grade gliomas, particularly for patients intolerant to conventional therapies. Further research, including randomized controlled trials, is necessary to validate these findings and determine the specific contributions of each therapy."
2387,brain tumour,39246847,Gastric cancer and brain metastasis: A systematic review and meta‑analysis.,"Gastric cancer (GC) constitutes one of the most wide-ranging cancers, with brain metastasis (BM) being a markedly uncommon and unfavorable outcome. The present meta-analysis evaluated the relationship between no-surgical treatment vs. additional surgical BM resection on the patient's quality of life and potential survival using electronic databases, including PubMed (1980-April 2024), Medline (1980-April 2024), Cochrane Library, and EMBASE (1980-April 2024). After a literature search, six articles were included in the final study pool. The number of patients with BM and conservative treatment was 289 (80.05%) compared with those that underwent an additional surgical resection 72 (19.95%). The mean age was 59.2 years, and the males were 195 (73.8%) of 264 available from five studies. The findings of the present meta-analysis revealed that the curative effect of BM tumor resection on patients with GC undergoing additional treatment with stereotactic radiosurgery, whole-brain radiotherapy or chemotherapy was favorable for their survival."
2388,brain tumour,39246787,Advanced magnetic resonance imaging for glioblastoma: Oncology-radiology integration.,"Aggressive brain tumors like glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) pose a poor prognosis. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for GBM management, distinguishing it from other lesions using conventional methods can be difficult. This study explores advanced MRI techniques better to understand GBM properties and their link to patient outcomes."
2389,brain tumour,39246782,Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix with leptomeningeal spread: A rare coincidence report and literature review.,Metastasis from cancers of the cervix to the central nervous system is relatively uncommon. Small-cell neuroendocrine cancer of the cervix is a very rare tumor with a high tendency to spread early.
2390,brain tumour,39246775,A case of lumbar spinal solitary fibrous tumor or hemangiopericytomas.,"Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) account for 3.7% of all soft-tissue sarcomas, with an annual incidence of 0.35/100,000 individuals. Notably, although 20% involve the central nervous system, only one in 10 occurs in the spine versus the brain."
2391,brain tumour,39246703,"Efficacy and safety of dacomitinib as first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with epidermal growth factor receptor 21L858R mutation: A multicenter, case-series study in China.",To provide real-world evidence for the application of first-line dacomitinib treatment for epidermal growth factor receptor (
2392,brain tumour,39246401,Therapeutic potential of ghrelin/GOAT/GHSR system in gastrointestinal disorders.,"Ghrelin, a peptide primarily secreted in the stomach, acts via the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). It regulates several physiological processes, such as feeding behavior, energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiovascular function, bone formation, stress response, and learning. GHSR exhibits significant expression within the central nervous system. However, numerous murine studies indicate that ghrelin is limited in its ability to enter the brain from the bloodstream and is primarily confined to specific regions, such as arcuate nucleus (ARC) and median eminence (ME). Nevertheless, the central ghrelin system plays an essential role in regulating feeding behavior. Furthermore, the role of vagal afferent fibers in regulating the functions of ghrelin remains a major topic of discussion among researchers. In recent times, numerous studies have elucidated the substantial therapeutic potential of ghrelin in most gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. This has led to the development of numerous pharmaceutical agents that target the ghrelin system, some of which are currently under examination in clinical trials. Furthermore, ghrelin is speculated to serve as a promising biomarker for GI tumors, which indicates its potential use in tumor grade and stage evaluation. This review presents a summary of recent findings in research conducted on both animals and humans, highlighting the therapeutic properties of ghrelin system in GI disorders."
2393,brain tumour,39246157,When do I ask for a DNA methylation array for primary brain tumor diagnosis?,"Despite remarkable advances in molecular characterization, the diagnosis of brain tumors remains challenging, particularly in cases with ambiguous histology or contradictory molecular features. In this context, DNA methylation profiling plays an important role in improving diagnostic and prognostic accuracy. This review aims to provide diagnostic guidance regarding when DNA methylation arrays represent a useful tool for the diagnosis of primary brain tumors."
2394,brain tumour,39245784,Comment on: Multiple craniotomies in a single surgery - the resection of scattered brain metastases.,No abstract found
2395,brain tumour,39245487,Thermosensitive injectable fibrillar gels based on cellulose nanocrystals grafted with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) as biocompatible brain implants.,"Drug treatment of glioblastoma, the most aggressive and widespread form of brain cancer, is complicated due to the difficulty of penetration of chemotherapeutic drugs through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Moreover, with surgical removal of tumors, in 90 % of cases they reappear near the original focus. To solve this problem, we propose to use hydrogel based on cellulose nanocrystals grafted with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (CNC-g-PNIPAM) as a promising material for filling postoperative cavities in the brain with the release of antitumor drugs. The CNC-g-PNIPAM is formed by ""grafting to"" method for precise control of molecular weight and grafting density. This colloidal system is liquid under injection conditions (at r. t.) and turns into a gel at human body temperature (when filling the postoperative area). It was shown for the first time that due to the rod-shaped of CNC, the gel has a fibrillar structure and, thus, mechanical properties similar to those of brain tissue, including nonlinear mechanics (strain-stiffening and compression softening). The biocompatibility of the hydrogel with primary brain cells is demonstrated. In addition, the release of the antitumor drug paclitaxel from the hydrogel and its antitumor activity is shown. The resulting nanocolloid system provides an innovative alternative approach to filling postoperative cavities and can be used for postoperative treatment due to the programmable release of drugs, as well as for in vitro modeling of tumor interaction with the BBB affecting drug transport in the brain."
2396,brain tumour,39244898,"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 involves in CD8","Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the metabolism of tryptophan (Trp). It is expressed in limited amounts in normal tissues but significantly upregulated during inflammation and infection. Various inflammatory factors, especially IFN-γ, can induce the expression of IDO-1. While extensive research has been conducted on the role of IDO-1 in tumors, its specific role in complex central nervous system tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM) remains unclear. This study aims to explore the role of IDO-1 in the development of GBM and analyze its association with tryptophan levels and CD8"
2397,brain tumour,39244820,Clearing the air: A systematic review of studies on air pollution and childhood brain outcomes to mobilize policy change.,"Climate change, wildfires, and environmental justice concerns have drawn increased attention to the impact of air pollution on children's health and development. Children are especially vulnerable to air pollution exposure, as their brains and bodies are still developing. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize available empirical evidence on the associations between air pollution exposure and brain outcomes in developmental samples (ages 0-18 years old). Studies were identified by searching the PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection databases and underwent a two-phase screening process before inclusion. 40 studies were included in the review, which included measures of air pollution and brain outcomes at various points in development. Results linked air pollution to varied brain outcomes, including structural volumetric and cortical thickness differences, alterations in white matter microstructure, functional network changes, metabolic and molecular effects, as well as tumor incidence. Few studies included longitudinal changes in brain outcomes. This review also suggests methodologies for incorporating air pollution measures in developmental cognitive neuroscience studies and provides specific policy recommendations to reduce air pollution exposure and promote healthy brain development by improving access to clean air."
2398,brain tumour,39244742,The clinical utility of autologous tumor lysate-loaded dendritic cell vaccination for patients with glioma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines show promise for glioma treatment, but optimal use remains uncertain. This meta-analysis examined DC vaccine efficacy and safety for gliomas."
2399,brain tumour,39244726,Novel case of ependymoma-like tumor with mesenchymal differentiation harboring ZFTA::RELA fusion in an adult.,"High-grade supratentorial tumors harboring ZFTA::NCOA1/2 fusion in infants presenting with mixed histology of embryonal-appearing components resembling ependymoma and mesenchymal sarcomatous components have recently been reported as ependymoma-like tumors with mesenchymal differentiation (ELTMDs). In contrast, we describe herein a pathologically similar case with a novel ZFTA::RELA fusion in an adult. A frontal lobe lesion was resected from a 30-year-old woman and displayed mixed components on pathological examination, showing ependymoma-like and sarcomatous parts. The absence of perivascular pseudorosettes was inconsistent with a diagnosis of ependymoma. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed ZFTA::RELA fusion. The DKFZ methylation classifier (v12.8) did not categorize this case among established methylation classes. In addition, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding analysis using DNA methylation data revealed that the present case was distant from ependymomas but close to two previously reported cases of ELTMD involving ZFTA::NCOA1/2 fusion. Taken together, we concluded that this tumor should be considered under the entity of ELTMD. This represents the first description of an adult patient with ELTMD harboring ZFTA::RELA fusion analyzed by DNA methylation profiling, supporting the establishment of ELTMD as a possible new tumor type."
2400,brain tumour,39244658,Complex Presentation of Pheochromocytoma: Hypertensive Encephalopathy and Takotsubo-Like Cardiomyopathy in a Young Female.,"BACKGROUND Pheochromocytoma, a rare catecholamine-secreting tumor, often presents with paroxysmal or sustained hypertension, tachycardia, headache, and diaphoresis. Timely diagnosis is essential to prevent adverse complications. Less common presentations include pheochromocytoma crisis, with severe neurological and cardiac complications. CASE REPORT We report a unique case of a 25-year-old woman who initially presented with pheochromocytoma-induced hypertensive encephalopathy and acute coronary syndrome. Echocardiography revealed takotsubo-like cardiomyopathy, and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Initial treatment focused on controlling her blood pressure and supporting cardiac function. Due to her recovering from immediate crisis and absence of further symptoms, the patient refused further follow-up. However, she eventually experienced another episode of hypertensive crisis 2 years later. Subsequent investigations with 24-h urine tests revealed elevated vanillylmandelic acid levels (7.93 mg/24 h), normetanephrine (2638.72 µg/24 h), and nor-metanephrine to creatinine ratio (3546.67) and normal urine metanephrine levels (195.92 µg/24 h) and metanephrine to creatinine ratio (263.33). Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a 4.3×3.1×4-cm mass in the right adrenal gland. A DOTATATE positron emission tomography scan revealed a 3.9×4.3×2.7-cm localized right adrenal pheochromocytoma. Biochemical testing and adrenal imaging revealed a previously undiagnosed pheochromocytoma. Following targeted medical therapy and right adrenalectomy, the patient achieved complete resolution of her hypertension and associated symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our case is a unique simultaneous presentation of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and takotsubo-like cardiomyopathy, highlighting the importance to consider pheochromocytoma in acute neurological and cardiac presentations, even in the absence of typical symptoms."
2401,brain tumour,39244523,Phosphorylation of Serine 536 of p65(RelA) Downregulates Inflammatory Responses.,"Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of various genes involved in inflammatory diseases and immune responses. Recently, a novel transcriptional regulatory mechanism of NF-κB involving the phosphorylation of serine 536 (534 in mice; S534) of its p65 subunit was reported; however, further research is required to elucidate the physiological role of S534 phosphorylation. Therefore, we generated S534A knock-in (KI) mice, in which the S534 of p65 was substituted with alanine. Similar to the wild-type (WT) mice, S534A KI mice developed normally. After stimulation with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from S534A KI mice exhibited increased target gene expression compared with that in the WT MEFs, which was induced by long-term binding of p65 to DNA. According to comprehensive gene expression analysis after stimulation with TNFα, the expression of genes p65ted to inflammatory and immune responses was increased, and the expression of genes p65ted to lipolysis was decreased in S534A KI MEFs. Analyses of a periodontal disease model established using WT and S534A KI mice revealed that alveolar bone resorption was enhanced in S534A KI mice owing to an increase in the number of osteoclasts, which was not attributed to the differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells but to an increased expression of interleukin-1β and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand in the periodontal tissue. Hence, phosphorylation of S536 negatively regulates inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo."
2402,brain tumour,39244487,Increased Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Level in a Nonsexually Active Young Female.,"Quantitative and qualitative human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) tests are obtained in the emergency department (ED) to determine if a female of child-bearing age is pregnant. A positive hCG result is commonly assumed to indicate an intrauterine or other form of pregnancy. However, elevated hCG levels can also result from various other conditions, such as ovarian tumors, pituitary tumors, and thyroid disorders. Intracranial germ cell tumors, rare central nervous system tumors capable of secreting hCG, primarily affect adolescent and young adult females."
2403,brain tumour,39244445,Biopsy of Brain Lesions.,"Brain biopsy is essential for accurate diagnosis but is frequently avoided in veterinary medicine because of doubts about its safety, reliability, and clinical value. Data available from human and veterinary investigations suggest that such doubts are largely unwarranted. Many devices are available to guide minimally invasive biopsy but some can be costly to purchase and use, which can be problematic in veterinary medicine. Nowadays, costs can be substantially reduced by using 3-dimensional-printed guides."
2404,brain tumour,39244441,Brain MRI Protocol and Systematic Approach to Interpretation of Brain Tumors on MRI.,"MRI plays an integral role in the diagnosis of brain tumors in dogs and cats. Optimized image acquisition protocols in addition to a systematic approach to brain tumor evaluation on MRI using imaging characteristic interpretation criteria may allow for enhanced lesion detection, accurate presumptive diagnoses, and formulation of a prioritized differential diagnosis list."
2405,brain tumour,39244440,MRI Characteristics of Primary Brain Tumors and Advanced Diagnostic Imaging Techniques.,"Extensive descriptions of MRI characteristics of canine and feline brain tumors allow for relatively accurate lesion detection, discrimination, and presumptive diagnosis on MRI. Ambiguous and overlapping MRI features between brain lesion and tumor as well as tumor types is a limitation that necessitates histopathology for final diagnosis, which is often not available antemortem. Non-invasive advanced diagnostic imaging techniques continue to be developed to enhance sensitivity and specificity for brain tumor diagnosis on MRI in dogs and cats."
2406,brain tumour,39243989,TNFR2 signaling in oligodendrocyte precursor cells suppresses their immune-inflammatory function and detrimental microglia activation in CNS demyelinating disease.,"Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and progressive neurodegeneration. These processes, combined with the failure of reparative remyelination initiated by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), lead to irreversible neurological impairment. The cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been implicated in CNS repair via activation of its cognate receptor TNFR2 in glia. Here, we demonstrate the important role of TNFR2 in regulating OPC function in vivo during demyelinating disease, and that TNFR2 expressed in OPCs modulates OPC-microglia interactions. In Pdgfrα"
2407,brain tumour,39243967,Significance and Priority of Surgical Resection as Therapeutic Strategy Based on Clinical Characteristics of Brain Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma.,"To clarify a rational surgical priority, clinical characteristics were compared between brain metastases (BM) from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and other cancers."
2408,brain tumour,39243951,Principal components analysis on genes related to inflammasome complex and microglial activation in the hypothalamus of obese mice treated with semaglutide (GLP-1 analog).,"We studied the effect of semaglutide (glucagon-like peptide type 1 agonist) on hypothalamic pro-inflammatory genes in diet-induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a control (C) or high-fat (HF) diet for 16 weeks, then divided into six groups and maintained for an additional four-week study: C, C+semaglutide (CS), C pair-feeding (CP), HF, HF+semaglutide (HFS), and HF pair-feeding (HFP).Weight gain (WG), food efficiency (FE), and plasmatic biochemistry were determined. The hypothalamus was removed and prepared for molecular analysis. Semaglutide reduced WG and FE in the HF group. High cytokines levels (tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, MCP1, and Resistin) in HF mice were reduced in HFS mice. High pro-inflammatory gene expressions were seen in HF (toll-like receptor 4, Tlr4; Mcp1; interleukin 6, Il6; Tnfa), inflammasome complex (Pirina domain-containing receptor 3, Nlrp3; Caspase 1, Il1b, Il18), and microglial activation (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, Iba1; cluster differentiation 68, Cd68; argirase 1, Arg1) but mitigated in HFS. The principal components analysis (PCA) based on these markers in a PC1 x PC2 scatterplot put HF and HFP together but far away from a cluster formed by C and HFS, indicating little significance of weight loss (HFP) but decisive action of semaglutide (HFS) in the results. In conclusion, semaglutide benefits hypothalamic pro-inflammatory genes, inflammasome complex, and microglial activation independent of the weight loss effect. Since GLP-1 receptor agonists such as semaglutide are already indicated to treat obesity and diabetes, the potential translational effects on neuroinflammation should be considered."
2409,brain tumour,39243827,S100A4 mediates the accumulation and functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells via GP130/JAK2/STAT3 signaling in acute myeloid leukemia.,"Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an immunosuppressive hematologic malignancy with a poor prognosis. An immunosuppressive microenvironment blunts AML therapy. However, the prognostic and therapeutic roles of the factors that mediate immunosuppression in AML remain elusive."
2410,brain tumour,39243579,"The intersection of race, ethnicity, and urbanicity on treatment paradigms and clinical outcomes for non-malignant primary tumors of the spine.","Non-malignant primary tumors of the spine (NMPTS) patients in rural areas face unique barriers that may limit their capacity to receive optimal care. With a lower geographical distribution of neurosurgical specialists and limited healthcare infrastructure, rural NMPTS patients may receive certain treatments at a lower frequency than metropolitan patients. NMPTS We sought to examine the association between residential urbanicity, race-ethnicity, treatment patterns, and survival outcomes for cases diagnosed with NMPTS."
2411,brain tumour,39243555,Identification of a nomogram predicting overall survival based on ADAP2-related apoptosis genes in gliomas.,Apoptosis continues to be a pivotal area of investigation in glioma research. ADAP2 mediates the malignant progression of gliomas through the inhibition of apoptosis and predicts the overall survival(OS) of glioma patients based on prognostic modeling of the apoptotic gene set.
2412,brain tumour,39243502,FABP4 facilitates epithelial-mesenchymal transition via elevating CD36 expression in glioma cells.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis. A better understanding of mechanisms concerned in glioma invasion might be critical for treatment optimization. Given that epithelial-mesenchymal transition in tumor cells is closely associated with glioma progression and recurrence, identifying pivotal mediators in GBM EMT process is urgently needed. As a member of Fatty acid binding protein (FABP) family, FABP4 serves as chaperones for free fatty acids and participates in cellular process including fatty acid uptake, transport, and metabolism. In this study, our data revealed that FABP4 expression was elevated in human GBM samples and correlated with a mesenchymal glioma subtype. Gain of function and loss of function experiments indicated that FABP4 potently rendered glioma cells increased filopodia formation and cell invasiveness. Differential expression genes analysis and GSEA in TCGA dataset revealed an EMT-related molecular signature in FABP4-mediated signaling pathways. Cell interaction analysis suggested CD36 as a potential target regulated by FABP4. Furthermore, in vitro mechanistic experiments demonstrated that FABP4-induced CD36 expression promoted EMT via non-canonical TGFβ pathways. An intracranial glioma model was constructed to assess the effect of FABP4 on tumor progression in vivo. Together, our findings demonstrated a critical role for FABP4 in the regulation invasion and EMT in GBM, and suggest that pharmacological inhibition of FABP4 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of GBM."
2413,brain tumour,39243496,"""Application of CT radiomics in brain metastasis of lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis"".",This study aimed to systematically assess the quality and performance of computed tomography (CT) radiomics studies in predicting brain metastasis (BM) among patients with lung cancer.
2414,brain tumour,39242942,Integrative proteogenomic profiling of high-risk prostate cancer samples from Chinese patients indicates metabolic vulnerabilities and diagnostic biomarkers.,"Prostate cancer (PCa) exhibits significant geoethnic disparities as reflected by distinct variations in the cancer genome and disease progression. Here, we perform a comprehensive proteogenomic characterization of localized high-risk PCa utilizing paired tumors and nearby tissues from 125 Chinese male patients, with the primary objectives of identifying potential biomarkers, unraveling critical oncogenic events and delineating molecular subtypes with poor prognosis. Our integrated analysis highlights the utility of GOLM1 as a noninvasive serum biomarker. Phosphoproteomics analysis reveals the crucial role of Ser331 phosphorylation on FOXA1 in regulating FOXA1-AR-dependent cistrome. Notably, our proteomic profiling identifies three distinct subtypes, with metabolic immune-desert tumors (S-III) emerging as a particularly aggressive subtype linked to poor prognosis and BCAT2 catabolism-driven PCa progression. In summary, our study provides a comprehensive resource detailing the unique proteomic and phosphoproteomic characteristics of PCa molecular pathogenesis and offering valuable insights for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies."
2415,brain tumour,39242440,Malignant meningioma of the falx cerebri in a child: case report and literature review.,"Meningiomas are common intracranial tumors in adults but rare in pediatric cases, with malignant histological features being even less frequent. Primary pediatric malignant meningioma of the falx cerebri has not been previously reported in the literature. We present a case of a malignant meningioma of the falx cerebri in a child who was admitted to the hospital following head trauma, presenting with mental impairment and limb weakness. CT examination revealed a right parietal epidural hematoma and a large intracranial lesion. The patient underwent drainage of the intracranial hematoma and a two-frontal craniotomy with tumor resection under microscopy. Histopathological analysis confirmed malignant meningioma, and genetic testing identified a YAP1-MAML2 gene fusion. There is no consensus on the clinical, imaging, and pathological features of pediatric meningiomas. In this paper, we discuss the clinical features, diagnostic and treatment protocols, and pathological characteristics of this case, along with a review of the relevant literature."
2416,brain tumour,39242429,"Letter to the editor: ""The role of postoperative blood pressure management in early postoperative hemorrhage in awake craniotomy glioma patients"".",No abstract found
2417,brain tumour,39242413,Treatment-related hearing loss in weekly versus triweekly cisplatin chemoradiation for head and neck cancer.,Cisplatin-induced hearing loss is a common side effect in patients treated with cisplatin-based chemoradiation (CRT) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The extent of hearing loss after concurrent CRT was compared between triweekly (3 × 100 mg/m
2418,brain tumour,39242405,Optimizing post-craniotomy recovery: insights from symptom network analysis in primary brain tumor patients.,"Craniotomy to remove brain tumors is an intricate procedure with multiple postoperative symptoms. However, there has been limited research on the symptom networks of these patients. To this end, this study aims to explore these symptom networks, revealing their interplay to inform better symptom control, hasten the discovery of postoperative issues, and tailor Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols, all to enhance recovery and enhance patient care."
2419,brain tumour,39242402,"A call for clinical trials in glioblastoma multiforme for interleukin 4, interleukin 6, interleukin 13 and CD40.","Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and deadly forms of brain cancer, which has a very complex tumor microenvironment (TME) promoting tumor growth, immune evasion, and resistance to therapy. The main players within this environment are represented by cytokines such as Interleukin-4, Interleukin-6, and Interleukin-13, along with the costimulatory molecule CD40. The paper draws back the curtain on the complex interactions played out by these molecules in contributing to the formation of a TME within GBM. IL-4 and IL-13 induce an immunosuppressive environment through the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) into a pro-tumoral M2 phenotype. In contrast, IL-6 takes part in the activation of the JAK-STAT3 pathway, enhancing survival and proliferation of tumor cells. In this context, CD40 either induces anti-tumor immunity through APC activation or facilitates tumors by angiogenesis and survival pathways. The synergistic actions of these molecules create feedback loops that keep up the malignancy of GBM and present a big problem for therapy. Knowledge of these interactions opens new ways for the development of multi-targeted therapeutic strategies at the other end. This may result in the interruption of the tumor-supportive environment in GBM, reducing tumor growth and improving patient outcomes by targeting IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, and CD40 simultaneously."
2420,brain tumour,39242197,"""Synthetic"" DSC perfusion MRI with adjustable acquisition parameters in brain tumors using dynamic spin-and-gradient-echo echoplanar imaging.","Normalized relative cerebral blood volume (nrCBV) and percentage of signal recovery (PSR) computed from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion imaging are useful biomarkers for differential diagnosis and treatment response assessment in brain tumors. However, their measurements are dependent on DSC acquisition factors, and CBV-optimized protocols technically differ from PSR-optimized protocols. This study aimed to generate ""synthetic"" DSC data with adjustable synthetic acquisition parameters using dual-echo gradient-echo (GE) DSC datasets extracted from dynamic spin-and-gradient-echo echoplanar imaging (dynamic SAGE-EPI). Synthetic DSC was aimed at: 1) simultaneously create nrCBV and PSR maps using optimal sequence parameters, 2) compare DSC datasets with heterogeneous external cohorts, and 3) assess the impact of acquisition factors on DSC metrics."
2421,brain tumour,39241971,Effects and mechanisms of harmine on ameliorating ethanol-induced memory impairment.,"Peganum harmala L., a traditional Uyghur ethnic medicine widely used in China, is commonly used in the treatment of conditions such as hemiplegia, forgetfulness, cough, and asthma. Harmine and other β-carboline alkaloids, one of the main active ingredients in P. harmala, have exhibited various pharmacological activities, including anti-Alzheimer's, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of harmine on improving ethanol-induced memory impairment remain unclear."
2422,brain tumour,39241960,A pooled analysis of trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer with brain metastases.,"This exploratory pooled analysis investigated the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) versus comparator treatment in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (mBC) with brain metastases (BMs) at baseline, categorized according to previous local treatment."
2423,brain tumour,39241926,Prediction of intraoperative blood loss in pediatric posterior fossa tumors by neuroradiological evaluation: preliminary study.,Hemorrhage management is crucial for surgical resection of pediatric posterior-fossa tumors (PPFTs). Tumor volume and vascularity on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help predict and control intraoperative blood loss (IBL). The present study aimed to assess the correlation between MRI features and IBL in PPFTs.
2424,brain tumour,39241781,Integrated electrophysiological and genomic profiles of single cells reveal spiking tumor cells in human glioma.,"Prior studies have described the complex interplay that exists between glioma cells and neurons; however, the electrophysiological properties endogenous to glioma cells remain obscure. To address this, we employed Patch-sequencing (Patch-seq) on human glioma specimens and found that one-third of patched cells in IDH mutant (IDH"
2425,brain tumour,39241333,The effect of exposure to radiofrequency fields on cancer risk in the general and working population: A systematic review of human observational studies - Part I: Most researched outcomes.,The objective of this review was to assess the quality and strength of the evidence provided by human observational studies for a causal association between exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) and risk of the most investigated neoplastic diseases.
2426,brain tumour,39241260,Letter to the Editor. Confocal laser endomicroscopy of fluorescein uptake in the brain tumor microenvironment.,No abstract found
2427,brain tumour,39241107,Syllable processing is organized in discrete subregions of the human superior temporal gyrus.,"Modular organization at approximately 1 mm scale could be fundamental to cortical processing, but its presence in human association cortex is unknown. Using custom-built, high-density electrode arrays placed on the cortical surface of 7 patients undergoing awake craniotomy for tumor excision, we investigated receptive speech processing in the left (dominant) human posterior superior temporal gyrus. Responses to consonant-vowel syllables and noise-vocoded controls recorded with 1,024 channel micro-grids at 200 μm pitch demonstrated roughly circular domains approximately 1.7 mm in diameter, with sharp boundaries observed in 128 channel linear arrays at 50 μm pitch, possibly consistent with a columnar organization. Peak latencies to syllables in different modules were bimodally distributed centered at 252 and 386 ms. Adjacent modules were sharply delineated from each other by their distinct time courses and stimulus selectivity. We suggest that receptive language cortex may be organized in discrete processing modules."
2428,brain tumour,39241021,Impact of different visceral metastatic sites on survival in metastatic prostate cancer patients.,"Visceral metastasis is an important predictor for poor outcomes in prostate cancer, however, the prognostic significance surrounding the specific sites of visceral metastasis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different visceral metastatic sites on survival in patients with prostate cancer."
2429,brain tumour,39241003,Precision meets generalization: Enhancing brain tumor classification via pretrained DenseNet with global average pooling and hyperparameter tuning.,"Brain tumors pose significant global health concerns due to their high mortality rates and limited treatment options. These tumors, arising from abnormal cell growth within the brain, exhibits various sizes and shapes, making their manual detection from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans a subjective and challenging task for healthcare professionals, hence necessitating automated solutions. This study investigates the potential of deep learning, specifically the DenseNet architecture, to automate brain tumor classification, aiming to enhance accuracy and generalizability for clinical applications. We utilized the Figshare brain tumor dataset, comprising 3,064 T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI images from 233 patients with three prevalent tumor types: meningioma, glioma, and pituitary tumor. Four pre-trained deep learning models-ResNet, EfficientNet, MobileNet, and DenseNet-were evaluated using transfer learning from ImageNet. DenseNet achieved the highest test set accuracy of 96%, outperforming ResNet (91%), EfficientNet (91%), and MobileNet (93%). Therefore, we focused on improving the performance of the DenseNet, while considering it as base model. To enhance the generalizability of the base DenseNet model, we implemented a fine-tuning approach with regularization techniques, including data augmentation, dropout, batch normalization, and global average pooling, coupled with hyperparameter optimization. This enhanced DenseNet model achieved an accuracy of 97.1%. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of DenseNet with transfer learning and fine-tuning for brain tumor classification, highlighting its potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and reliability in clinical settings."
2430,brain tumour,39240877,Doxorubicin-Loaded Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles (1.5 nm) for Brain Tumor Therapy and Assessment of Their Biodistribution.,"Ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (1.5 nm) were covalently conjugated with doxorubicin (AuDox) and AlexaFluor647 (AuAF647) to assess their biodistribution and their efficiency toward brain tumors (glioblastoma). A thorough characterization by transmission electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and differential centrifugal sedimentation confirmed their uniform ultrasmall nature which makes them very mobile in the body. Each nanoparticle carried either 13 doxorubicin molecules (AuDox) or 2.7 AlexaFluor-647 molecules (AuAF647). The firm attachment of the ligands to the nanoparticles was demonstrated by their resilience to extensive washing, followed by centrifugation. The particles easily entered mammalian cells (HeLa, T98-G, brain endothelial cells, and human astrocytes) due to their small size. The intravenously delivered fluorescing AuAF647 nanoparticles crossed the blood-brain barrier with ∼23% accumulation in the brain tumor in an orthotopic U87 brain tumor model in nude mice. This was confirmed by elemental analysis (gold; inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy) in various organs. The doxorubicin-loaded AuDox nanoparticles inhibited brain tumor growth and prolonged animal survival without adverse side effects. Most of the nanoparticles (84%) had been excreted from the animal after 24 h, indicating a high mobility in the body."
2431,brain tumour,39240847,Cognitive function in pituitary adenoma patients: A cross-sectional study.,"Various factors may affect cognition in patients with pituitary adenoma, including size and extension of the tumor, degree of pituitary hormone deficiencies, and treatment of the tumor, most often being transsphenoidal surgery (TSS). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate cognitive function in patients with clinically significant pituitary adenoma and to identify factors influencing cognition. Sixty-eight patients with pituitary adenoma were included. Of these, 31 patients were evaluated before TSS and 37 patients 12 months following TSS. Cognitive function was evaluated by using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. Patients had lower mean scores on cognitive assessment compared to age-adjusted normative data. Variability in cognition, analyzed by linear regression analysis, was explained by sex, educational level, and self-perceived fatigue, but not by pituitary hormone deficiencies, diabetes insipidus, or surgical treatment. Our results are in line with previous findings, namely that pituitary adenoma affects cognition. To better evaluate the factors affecting cognition, longitudinal studies are recommended. Such studies would allow for within-individual comparisons, effectively controlling for the considerable influence of sex and education on test results."
2432,brain tumour,39240809,hERG channel agonist NS1643 strongly inhibits invasive astrocytoma cell line SMA-560.,"Gliomas are highly malignant brain tumours that remain refractory to treatment. Treatment is typically surgical intervention followed by concomitant temozolomide and radiotherapy; however patient prognosis remains poor. Voltage gated ion channels have emerged as novel targets in cancer therapy and inhibition of a potassium selective subtype (hERG, Kv11.1) has demonstrated antitumour activity. Unfortunately blockade of hERG has been limited by cardiotoxicity, however hERG channel agonists have produced similar chemotherapeutic benefit without significant side effects. In this study, electrophysiological recordings suggest the presence of hERG channels in the anaplastic astrocytoma cell line SMA-560, and treatment with the hERG channel agonist NS1643, resulted in a significant reduction in the proliferation of SMA-560 cells. In addition, NS1643 treatment also resulted in a reduction of the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and SMA-560 cell migration. When combined with temozolomide, an additive impact was observed, suggesting that NS1643 may be a suitable adjuvant to temozolomide and limit the invasiveness of glioma."
2433,brain tumour,39240634,Small Molecule Decoy of Amyloid-β Aggregation Blocks Activation of Microglia-Like Cells.,"Aggregated forms of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides which form protofibrils and fibrils in the brain are signatures of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aggregates are also recognized by microglia, which in early phases may be protective and in later phases contribute to the pathology. We have identified several small molecules, decoys which interfere with Aβ oligomerization and induce other aggregation trajectories leading to aggregated macrostructures which are non-toxic."
2434,brain tumour,39240627,Glioma stem cells remodel immunotolerant microenvironment in GBM and are associated with therapeutic advancements.,"Glioma is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Glioblastoma (GBM) is incurable with current treatment strategies. Additionally, the treatment of recurrent GBM (rGBM) is often referred to as terminal treatment, necessitating hospice-level care and management. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) gives GBM a more challenging or ""cold"" tumor microenvironment (TME) than that of other cancers and gloma stem cells (GSCs) play an important role in the TME remodeling, occurrence, development and recurrence of giloma. In this review, our primary focus will be on discussing the following topics: niche-associated GSCs and macrophages, new theories regarding GSC and TME involving pyroptosis and ferroptosis in GBM, metabolic adaptations of GSCs, the influence of the cold environment in GBM on immunotherapy, potential strategies to transform the cold GBM TME into a hot one, and the advancement of GBM immunotherapy and GBM models."
2435,brain tumour,39240134,Exploring neuroglial signaling: diversity of molecules implicated in microglia-to-astrocyte neuroimmune communication.,"Effective communication between different cell types is essential for brain health, and dysregulation of this process leads to neuropathologies. Brain glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes, orchestrate immune defense and neuroimmune responses under pathological conditions during which interglial communication is indispensable. Our appreciation of the complexity of these processes is rapidly increasing due to recent advances in molecular biology techniques, which have identified numerous phenotypic states of both microglia and astrocytes. This review focuses on microglia-to-astrocyte communication facilitated by secreted neuroimmune modulators. The combinations of interleukin (IL)-1α, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), plus complement component C1q as well as IL-1β plus TNF are already well-established microglia-derived stimuli that induce reactive phenotypes in astrocytes. However, given the large number of inflammatory mediators secreted by microglia and the rapidly increasing number of distinct functional states recognized in astrocytes, it can be hypothesized that many more intercellular signaling molecules exist. This review identifies the following group of cytokines and gliotransmitters that, while not established as interglial mediators yet, are known to be released by microglia and elicit functional responses in astrocytes: IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, interferon (IFN)-γ, C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)5, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), l-glutamate, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The review of molecular mechanisms engaged by these mediators reveals complex, partially overlapping signaling pathways implicated in numerous neuropathologies. Additionally, lack of human-specific studies is identified as a significant knowledge gap. Further research on microglia-to-astrocyte communication is warranted, as it could discover novel interglial signaling-targeted therapies for diverse neurological disorders."
2436,brain tumour,39240104,Activation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling and induction of apoptosis by salicylate synthase NbtS in ,
2437,brain tumour,39240078,Therapeutic Efficacy of IL7/CCL19-Expressing CAR-T Cells in Intractable Solid Tumor Models of Glioblastoma and Pancreatic Cancer.,"Cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors and its combination with other anticancer therapies has emerged as a new standard of care because of the encouraging therapeutic effects in various solid cancers. Nonetheless, glioblastoma and pancreatic cancer remain resistant to immunotherapy and represent intractable cancers with the poorest prognosis. We investigated the therapeutic effects of next-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells producing IL7 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19; referred to as 7 × 19 CAR-T) in these intractable cancers. Cytotoxic activities and therapeutic effects of 7 × 19 CAR-T were evaluated in vitro and in vivo, in a model using EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII)-positive glioblastoma and anti-EGFRvIII CAR-T generated from healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), or a model using HER2-positive pancreatic cancer organoids and anti-HER2 CAR-T generated from the same patient's PBMC. Anti-EGFRvIII 7 × 19 CAR-T exhibited cytotoxic activity specific to EGFRvIII-positive tumor, induced complete rejection of glioblastoma with massive T-cell infiltration and tumor cell death in the tumor tissues, and consequently prolonged mouse survival. Anti-HER2 7 × 19 CAR-T demonstrated a potent cytotoxic activity against autologous HER2-positive pancreatic cancer organoids and induced complete rejection of autologous tumor along with prolonged mouse survival. Our results suggest that 7 × 19 CAR-T could become a therapeutic option for glioblastoma and pancreatic cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of next-generation CAR-T in an autologous model using patient-derived tumor organoids and CAR-T generated from the same patient's PBMC, in which unwanted allogeneic immune responses are fully excluded."
2438,brain tumour,39240063,SREBP-Dependent Regulation of Lipid Homeostasis Is Required for Progression and Growth of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.,"Solid tumors undergo metabolic reprogramming when growth outstrips local nutrient supply. Lipids such as cholesterol and fatty acids are required for continued tumor cell proliferation, and oncogenic mutations stimulate de novo lipogenesis to support tumor growth. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors control lipid homeostasis by activating genes required for lipid synthesis and uptake. SREBPs have been implicated in the progression of brain, breast, colon, liver, and prostate cancers. However, the role of the SREBP pathway and its central regulator SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not been studied in detail. Here, we demonstrated that pancreas-specific knockout of Scap has no effect on mouse pancreas development or function, allowing for examination of the role of Scap in the murine KPC model of PDAC. Notably, heterozygous loss of Scap prolonged survival in KPC mice, and homozygous loss of Scap impaired PDAC tumor progression. Using xenograft models, we showed that SCAP is required for human PDAC tumor growth. Mechanistically, chemical or genetic inhibition of the SREBP pathway prevented PDAC cell growth under low-serum conditions because of a lack of lipid supply. Highlighting its clinical importance, the SREBP pathway is broadly required across cancer cell lines, target genes are upregulated in human PDAC tumors, and increased expression of SREBP targets is associated with poor survival in patients with PDAC. Collectively, these results demonstrate that SCAP and SREBP pathway activity are required for PDAC cell and tumor growth, identifying SCAP as a potential therapeutic target for PDAC."
2439,brain tumour,39239916,Glioneuronal and neuronal tumors: A perspective.,"Glioneuronal and neuronal tumors (GNTs) are slow-growing, lower-grade neuroepithelial tumors characterized by mature neuronal differentiation and, less consistently, glial differentiation. Their identification has traditionally relied on histological proof of neuronal differentiation, reflecting the well-differentiated nature of GNTs. However, after discovering genetic alterations in GNTs, particularly those in the MAP-kinase pathway, it became evident that histological diagnoses do not always correlate with genetic alterations and vice versa. Therefore, molecular-based classification is now warranted since several inhibitors targeting the MAP-kinase pathway are available. The World Health Organization classification published in 2021 applied DNA methylation profiling to segregate low-grade neuroepithelial tumors. As GNTs are essentially indolent, radical resection and unnecessary chemoradiotherapy may be more harmful than beneficial for patients. Preserving tumor tissue for potential future treatments is more important for patients with GNTs."
2440,brain tumour,39239570,A systematic review of normal tissue neurovascular unit damage following brain irradiation-Factors affecting damage severity and timing of effects.,"Radiotherapy is key in the treatment of primary and secondary brain tumors. However, normal tissue is inevitably irradiated, causing toxicity and contributing to cognitive dysfunction. The relative importance of vascular damage to cognitive decline is poorly understood. Here, we systematically review the evidence for radiation-induced damage to the entire neurovascular unit (NVU), particularly focusing on establishing the factors that influence damage severity, and timing and duration of vascular effects relative to effects on neural tissue."
2441,brain tumour,39239397,Enhancing brain tumor detection in MRI images using YOLO-NeuroBoost model.,"Brain tumors are diseases characterized by abnormal cell growth within or around brain tissues, including various types such as benign and malignant tumors. However, there is currently a lack of early detection and precise localization of brain tumors in MRI images, posing challenges to diagnosis and treatment. In this context, achieving accurate target detection of brain tumors in MRI images becomes particularly important as it can improve the timeliness of diagnosis and the effectiveness of treatment. To address this challenge, we propose a novel approach-the YOLO-NeuroBoost model. This model combines the improved YOLOv8 algorithm with several innovative techniques, including dynamic convolution KernelWarehouse, attention mechanism CBAM (Convolutional Block Attention Module), and Inner-GIoU loss function. Our experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves mAP scores of 99.48 and 97.71 on the Br35H dataset and the open-source Roboflow dataset, respectively, indicating the high accuracy and efficiency of this method in detecting brain tumors in MRI images. This research holds significant importance for improving early diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors and provides new possibilities for the development of the medical image analysis field."
2442,brain tumour,39239066,Synergistic effects of herpes oncolytic virus and cyclophosphamide for recurrent malignant glioma: a narrative review.,"Gliomas, comprising nearly 80% of brain malignancies, present a formidable challenge with glioblastomas being the most aggressive subtype. Despite multidisciplinary care, including surgery and chemoradiotherapy, the prognosis remains grim, emphasizing the need for innovative treatment strategies. The blood-brain barrier complicates drug access, and the diverse histopathology hinders targeted therapies. Oncolytic herpes viruses (oHSVs), particularly HSV1716, G207, and rQNestin34.5v, show promise in glioma treatment by selectively replicating in tumor cells. Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate the safety and efficacy of oHSVs, with T-Vec being FDA-approved. However, challenges like viral delivery limitations and antiviral responses persist. The combination of oHSVs and combining cyclophosphamide (CPA) addresses these challenges, demonstrating increased transgene expression and viral activity. The immunosuppressive properties of CPA, particularly in metronomic schedules, enhance oHSV efficacy, supporting the development of this combination for recurrent malignant gliomas. CPA with oHSVs enhances viral oncolysis and extends survival. CPA's immunomodulatory effects, suppressing regulatory T cells, improve oHSV efficiency. While obstacles remain, this synergistic approach offers hope for improved outcomes, necessitating further research and clinical validation."
2443,brain tumour,39239057,A case of multiples liver metastases from a grade 2 brain meningioma: a rare entity with comprehensive literature review.,"Meningiomas are primary benign extra-axial central nervous system neoplasms that originate in meningothelial cells. Extra-neurological metastases are quite rare and occur in 0.1% of cases. The main metastatic sites are usually the lungs, bones, pleura, mediastinum and lymph nodes. Hepatic locations are quite rare and account for ~3% of all extracranial metastases. The dissemination route is still a subject of debate. Suggested routes of dissemination include the venous system, lymph nodes, or even cerebrospinal fluid. The treatment is based on complete surgical excision or on radiosurgery and adjuvant radiotherapy in case of subtotal resection."
2444,brain tumour,39239018,Surgical outcomes of glioblastoma multiforme in low and middle-income countries: current state and future directions.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and deadly brain tumor. The challenges in managing GBM in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have been underexplored. This review provides a review of surgical management techniques, challenges, outcomes, and future directions for GBM treatment in LMICs. A search of academic databases yielded studies from various LMICs, focusing on surgical management techniques and their outcomes. The data were analyzed in the context of socio-economic, cultural, and infrastructural factors. Comparative analyses were performed to highlight disparities between LMICs and high-income countries. GBM management in LMICs faces multi-faceted challenges, including healthcare infrastructure deficiencies, delayed diagnosis, high treatment costs, cultural beliefs, and limited research funding. This adversely affects patient outcomes and survival rates. Surgical excision followed by radiation and chemotherapy remains the standard of care, but LMICs have not significantly benefited from recent advancements in GBM management. Intraoperative neurosurgery ultrasound is identified as an affordable and practical alternative for LMICs. Patient outcomes following GBM surgery in LMICs vary widely, making early detection challenging. Cultural sensitivity and ethical considerations are crucial factors in improving healthcare practices. Surgical management of GBM in LMICs is hindered by complex challenges that require multi-faceted interventions. By addressing socio-economic, cultural, and infrastructural factors, LMICs can improve GBM care and outcomes. Raising awareness and advocating for change are crucial steps in this process."
2445,brain tumour,39238951,Anatomical and subcortical invasiveness in diffuse low-grade astrocytomas differ between IDH status and provide prognostic information.,"Diffuse astrocytomas preferentially infiltrate eloquent areas affecting the outcome. A preoperative understanding of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status may offer opportunities for specific targeted therapies impacting treatment management. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical, topographical, radiological in WHO 2 astrocytomas with different IDH status and the long-term patient's outcome."
2446,brain tumour,39238891,A Deep Learning Based Intelligent Decision Support System for Automatic Detection of Brain Tumor.,"Brain tumor (BT) is an awful disease and one of the foremost causes of death in human beings. BT develops mainly in 2 stages and varies by volume, form, and structure, and can be cured with special clinical procedures such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical mediation. With revolutionary advancements in radiomics and research in medical imaging in the past few years, computer-aided diagnostic systems (CAD), especially deep learning, have played a key role in the automatic detection and diagnosing of various diseases and significantly provided accurate decision support systems for medical clinicians. Thus, convolution neural network (CNN) is a commonly utilized methodology developed for detecting various diseases from medical images because it is capable of extracting distinct features from an image under investigation. In this study, a deep learning approach is utilized to extricate distinct features from brain images in order to detect BT. Hence, CNN from scratch and transfer learning models (VGG-16, VGG-19, and LeNet-5) are developed and tested on brain images to build an intelligent decision support system for detecting BT. Since deep learning models require large volumes of data, data augmentation is used to populate the existing dataset synthetically in order to utilize the best fit detecting models. Hyperparameter tuning was conducted to set the optimum parameters for training the models. The achieved results show that VGG models outperformed others with an accuracy rate of 99.24%, average precision of 99%, average recall of 99%, average specificity of 99%, and average "
2447,brain tumour,39238708,The Karnofsky Performance Status at Discharge Is a Prognostic Indicator of Life Expectancy in Patients With Glioblastoma.,"Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent invasive brain tumor and a rapidly progressive disease with a poor prognosis that predominantly affects middle-aged and older adults. The relationship between daily functioning and prognosis in patients with GBM will become more important as advances in multimodality treatment are expected to increase the number of long-term survivors. Methods Sixty-seven patients were initially diagnosed with GBM at our hospital between December 2013 and December 2022. All patients were divided into two groups: those who survived for one year or longer from the date of discharge (Group A) and those who died within one year from the date of discharge (Group B). Muscle strength, nutritional status, and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) were examined upon admission (p1), post-surgery (p2), and discharge (p3), and their relationships with prognosis were investigated. Results Group A was significantly younger than Group B, with a significant difference in the total radiation dose. There were no significant differences in the anatomical tumor location, whether the tumor occurred on the left or right side, or tumor size. KPS at discharge (p3) and the degree of improvement in the KPS between p1 and p3 were associated with a good prognosis. Conclusions The KPS varies throughout the treatment. When considering the KPS as a prognostic indicator, the KPS at discharge is the most important, given the structure of the disability and the course of treatment for GBM."
2448,brain tumour,39238656,Characterization of Expression-Based Gene Clusters Gives Insights into Variation in Patient Response to Cancer Therapies.,"Transcriptomics can reveal much about cellular activity, and cancer transcriptomics have been useful in investigating tumor cell behaviors. Patterns in transcriptome-wide gene expression can be used to investigate biological mechanisms and pathways that can explain the variability in patient response to cancer therapies."
2449,brain tumour,39238483,Locoregional CAR T Cells for the Treatment of CNS Tumors in Children: Investigational Drug Service Pharmacy Activities.,"A major obstacle in translating the therapeutic potential of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells to children with central nervous system (CNS) tumors is the blood-brain barrier. To overcome this limitation, preclinical and clinical studies have supported the use of repeated, locoregional intracranial CAR T-cell delivery. However, there is limited literature available describing the process for the involvement of an investigational drug service (IDS) pharmacy, particularly in the setting of a children's hospital with outpatient dosing for CNS tumors."
2450,brain tumour,39238395,Beta-Hydroxybutyrate: A Supplemental Molecule for Various Diseases.,"β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is a ketone body that serves as an alternative energy source for various tissues, including the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle. As a metabolic intermediate and signaling molecule, BHB plays a crucial role in modulating cellular and physiological processes. Notably, BHB supplementation offers a novel and promising strategy to induce nutritional ketosis without the need for strict dietary adherence or causing nutritional deficiencies. This review article provides an overview of BHB metabolism and explores its applications in age-related diseases. This review conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, and other relevant English-language articles. The main findings were synthesized, and discussed the challenges, limitations, and future directions of BHB supplementation. BHB supplementation holds potential benefits for various diseases and conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and inflammation. BHB acts through multiple mechanisms, including interactions with cell surface receptors, intracellular enzymes, transcription factors, signaling molecules, and epigenetic modifications. Despite its promise, BHB supplementation faces several challenges, such as determining the optimal dosage, ensuring long-term safety, identifying the most effective type and formulation, establishing biomarkers of response, and conducting cost-effectiveness analyses. BHB supplementation opens exciting avenues for research, including investigating molecular mechanisms, refining optimization strategies, exploring innovation opportunities, and assessing healthspan and lifespan benefits. BHB supplementation represents a new frontier in health research, offering a potential pathway to enhance well-being and extend lifespan."
2451,brain tumour,39238191,Analysis of neuroglia and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer brain metastasis.,"Breast cancer stands as the most prevalent cancer diagnosed worldwide, often leading to brain metastasis, a challenging complication characterized by high mortality rates and a grim prognosis. Understanding the intricate mechanisms governing breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) remains an ongoing challenge. The unique microenvironment in the brain fosters an ideal setting for the colonization of breast cancer cells. The tumor microenvironment (TME) in brain metastases plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of BCBM, shaping the landscape for targeted therapeutic interventions. Current research primarily concentrates on unraveling the complexities of the TME in BCBM, with a particular emphasis on neuroglia and immune cells, such as microglia, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), astrocytes and T cells. This comprehensive review delves deeply into these elements within the TME of BCBM, shedding light on their interplay, mechanisms, and potential as therapeutic targets to combat BCBM."
2452,brain tumour,39237921,Cardiovascular health and cancer mortality: evidence from US NHANES and UK Biobank cohort studies.,"The American Heart Association recently introduced a novel cardiovascular health (CVH) metric, Life's Essential 8 (LE8), for health promotion. However, the relationship between LE8 and cancer mortality risk remains uncertain."
2453,brain tumour,39237829,"Construction and utilization of a new generation of bacteriophage-based particles, or TPA, for guided systemic delivery of nucleic acids to tumors.","Successful delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics to diseased sites would present a pivotal advancement in cancer treatment. However, progress has been hindered by the lack of efficient tumor-selective vectors via clinical systemic routes, the blood-brain barrier for brain tumors and problems with repeated administrations. We present a new generation of M13 phage-based vectors termed transmorphic phage/adeno-associated virus (AAV) (TPA), wherein the phage genome has been excised to facilitate exclusive packaging of human AAV DNA by phage coat proteins. Here we provide a detailed protocol for the molecular cloning of DNA into the TPA construct, display of disease-specific ligands on the helper phage capsid for cell targeting and entry, and packaging of TPA DNA by helper phage coat proteins in a bacterial host. Furthermore, we provide methods for mammalian cell transduction and assessment of transgene expression in vitro as well as in vivo application of TPA particles in tumor-bearing mice. Unlike other similar methods, our protocol enables high-yield production and control of helper phage quantity in TPA preparations. Moreover, compared with existing M13 phage vectors, TPA particles can accommodate large size transgene inserts, despite being considerably more compact, providing superior gene delivery through enhanced diffusion across the extracellular matrix, improved cellular binding and entry and increased vector DNA accumulation in the nucleus. The protocol encompasses a timeline of 4-5 months, including construction and production of TPA particles with transgene and targeted ligand and in vitro/in vivo testing. This protocol can be conducted by researchers trained in basic molecular biology/bacteriology research techniques."
2454,brain tumour,39237744,Glioblastoma mesenchymal subtype enhances antioxidant defence to reduce susceptibility to ferroptosis.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) represents an aggressive brain tumor, characterized by intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity and therapy resistance, leading to unfavourable prognosis. An increasing number of studies pays attention on the regulation of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death, as a strategy to reverse drug resistance in cancer. However, the debate on whether this strategy may have important implications for the treatment of GBM is still ongoing. In the present study, we used ferric ammonium citrate and erastin to evaluate ferroptosis induction effects on two human GBM cell lines, U-251 MG, with proneural characteristics, and T98-G, with a mesenchymal profile. The response to ferroptosis induction was markedly different between cell lines, indeed T98-G cells showed an enhanced antioxidant defence, with increased glutathione levels, as compared to U-251 MG cells. Moreover, using bioinformatic approaches and analysing publicly available datasets from patients' biopsies, we found that GBM with a mesenchymal phenotype showed an up-regulation of several genes involved in antioxidant mechanisms as compared to proneural subtype. Thus, our results suggest that GBM subtypes differently respond to ferroptosis induction, emphasizing the significance of further molecular studies on GBM to better discriminate between various tumor subtypes and progressively move towards personalized therapy."
2455,brain tumour,39237693,Blood based metabolic markers of glioma from pre-diagnosis to surgery.,"Gliomas are highly complex and metabolically active brain tumors associated with poor prognosis. Recent reports have found altered levels of blood metabolites during early tumor development, suggesting that tumor development could be detected several years before clinical manifestation. In this study, we performed metabolite analyses of blood samples collected from healthy controls and future glioma patients, up to eight years before glioma diagnosis, and on the day of glioma surgery. We discovered that metabolites related to early glioma development were associated with an increased energy turnover, as highlighted by elevated levels of TCA-related metabolites such as fumarate, malate, lactate and pyruvate in pre-diagnostic cases. We also found that metabolites related to glioma progression at surgery were primarily high levels of amino acids and metabolites of amino acid catabolism, with elevated levels of 11 amino acids and two branched-chain alpha-ketoacids, ketoleucine and ketoisoleucine. High amino acid turnover in glioma tumor tissue is currently utilized for PET imaging, diagnosis and delineation of tumor margins. By examining blood-based metabolic progression patterns towards disease onset, we demonstrate that this high amino acid turnover is also detectable in a simple blood sample. These findings provide additional insight of metabolic alterations during glioma development and progression."
2456,brain tumour,39237636,"Triple therapy boosts survival in NSCLC patients with brain metastases: a retrospective cohort study of chemotherapy, ICIs, and antiangiogenic agents.","Treatment of brain metastases (BMs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, especially those with non-sensitive genetic mutations, is hindered by limited drug delivery through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This retrospective study explores the efficacy of systemic treatments during brain metastasis to radiotherapy evaluation window in improving patient survival."
2457,brain tumour,39237515,Immune landscape of oncohistone-mutant gliomas reveals diverse myeloid populations and tumor-promoting function.,"Histone H3-mutant gliomas are deadly brain tumors characterized by a dysregulated epigenome and stalled differentiation. In contrast to the extensive datasets available on tumor cells, limited information exists on their tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly the immune infiltrate. Here, we characterize the immune TME of H3.3K27M and G34R/V-mutant gliomas, and multiple H3.3K27M mouse models, using transcriptomic, proteomic and spatial single-cell approaches. Resolution of immune lineages indicates high infiltration of H3-mutant gliomas with diverse myeloid populations, high-level expression of immune checkpoint markers, and scarce lymphoid cells, findings uniformly reproduced in all H3.3K27M mouse models tested. We show these myeloid populations communicate with H3-mutant cells, mediating immunosuppression and sustaining tumor formation and maintenance. Dual inhibition of myeloid cells and immune checkpoint pathways show significant therapeutic benefits in pre-clinical syngeneic mouse models. Our findings provide a valuable characterization of the TME of oncohistone-mutant gliomas, and insight into the means for modulating the myeloid infiltrate for the benefit of patients."
2458,brain tumour,39237390,Re: Bench-to-bedside imaging in brain metastases: a road to precision oncology.,No abstract found
2459,brain tumour,39237317,Structure Tailoring of Hemicyanine Dyes for ,
2460,brain tumour,39236990,Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment and glia: A new take on chemobrain?,"The significant rise in cancer survivorship stands out as one of the most notable achievements of modern science. However, this comes with a significant burden, as cancer treatment is not without adverse effects. Lately, there has been a growing focus on cognitive dysfunction associated with cancer treatment, often referred to as 'chemobrain'. It significantly impacts the quality of life for cancer survivors. The underlying mechanisms studied so far usually focus on neurons, while other cells of the central nervous system are often overlooked. This review seeks to place the hypothesis that glial cells may play a role in the development of chemotherapy-induced cognitive dysfunction. It summarizes the primary mechanisms proposed to date while underscoring the existing gaps in this research field. Inflammation and release of pro-inflammatory mediators by M1 microglia and A1 astrocytes are the most prevalent findings after chemotherapy. However, activation of A1 astrocytes by some chemotherapeutic agents may contribute to neuronal degeneration, alterations in synaptic branches, as well as glutamate excitotoxicity, which can contribute to cognitive impairment. Furthermore, the reduction in the number of oligodendrocytes after chemotherapy may also impact the myelin sheath, contributing to 'chemobrain'. Furthermore, some chemotherapeutic drugs activate M1 microglia, which is associated with decreased neuroplasticity and, possibly, cognitive impairment. In conclusion, data regarding the effects of chemotherapy on glial cells are scarce, and it is essential to understand how these cells are affected after cancer treatment to enable reliable therapeutic or preventive actions on cancer-treated patients."
2461,brain tumour,39236899,Brain-tumor-seeking and serpin-inhibiting outer membrane vesicles restore plasmin-mediated attacks against brain metastases.,"Many chemotherapeutic and molecular targeted drugs have been used to treat brain metastases, e.g., anti-angiogenic vandetanib. However, the blood-brain barrier and brain-specific resistance mechanisms make these systemic therapeutic approaches inefficacious. Brain metastatic cancer cells could mimic neurons to upregulate multiple serpins and secrete them into the extracellular environment to reduce local plasmin production to promote L1CAM-mediated vessel co-option and resist anti-angiogenesis therapy. Here, we developed brain-tumor-seeking and serpin-inhibiting outer membrane vesicles (DE@OMVs) to traverse across the blood-brain barrier, bypass neurons, and specially enter metastatic cancer cells via targeting GRP94 and vimentin. Through specific delivery of dexamethasone and embelin, reduced serpin secretion, restored plasmin production, significant L1CAM inactivation and tumor cell apoptosis were specially found in intracranial metastatic regions, leading to delayed tumor growth and prolonged survival in mice with brain metastases. By combining the brain-tumor-seeking properties with the regulation of the serpin/plasminogen activator/plasmin/L1CAM axis, this study provides a potent and highly-selective systemic therapeutic option for brain metastases."
2462,brain tumour,39236835,"Unveiling the role of RNA methylation in glioma: Mechanisms, prognostic biomarkers, and therapeutic targets.","Gliomas, the most prevalent malignant brain tumors in the central nervous system, are marked by rapid growth, high recurrence rates, and poor prognosis. Glioblastoma (GBM) stands out as the most aggressive subtype, characterized by significant heterogeneity. The etiology of gliomas remains elusive. RNA modifications, particularly reversible methylation, play a crucial role in regulating transcription and translation throughout the RNA lifecycle. Increasing evidence highlights the prevalence of RNA methylation in primary central nervous system malignancies, underscoring its pivotal role in glioma pathogenesis. This review focuses on recent findings regarding changes in RNA methylation expression and their effects on glioma development and progression, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), and N7-methylguanosine (m7G). Given the extensive roles of RNA methylation in gliomas, the potential of RNA methylation-related regulators as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets was also explored, aiming to enhance clinical management and improve patient outcomes."
2463,brain tumour,39236755,Long-Term Tumor Stability After First-Line Treatment With Larotrectinib in an Infant With NTRK2 Fusion-Positive High-Grade Glioma.,"Tissue-agnostic, molecularly targeted therapies are becoming increasingly common in cancer treatment. The molecular drivers of some classes and subclasses of tumors are rapidly being uncovered in an era of deep tumor sequencing occurring at the time of diagnosis. When and how targeted therapies should fit within up-front cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation paradigms is yet to be determined, because many of them have been studied in single-arm studies in patients with relapsed or refractory cancer. Infant high-grade gliomas (HGGs) are biologically and clinically distinct from older child and adult HGGs, and are divided into 3 molecular subgroups. Group 1 infant HGGs are driven by receptor tyrosine kinase fusions, most commonly harboring an ALK, ROS1, NTRK, or MET fusion. Both larotrectinib and entrectinib are tropomyosin receptor kinase inhibitors with tissue-agnostic approvals for the treatment of patients with solid tumors harboring an NTRK fusion. This report discusses an 11-month-old female who presented with infantile spasms, found to have an unresectable, NTRK fusion-positive infant HGG. Larotrectinib was prescribed when the NTRK fusion was identified at diagnosis, and without additional intervention to date, the patient has continued with stable disease for >3 years. The only adverse event experienced was grade 1 aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase elevations. The patient has a normal neurologic examination, is developing age-appropriately in all domains (gross motor, fine motor, cognitive, language, and social-emotional). She is no longer on antiseizure medications. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with an infantile HGG receiving targeted therapy as first-line treatment with prolonged stable disease. A prospective study of larotrectinib in patients with newly diagnosed infant HGG is ongoing, and will hopefully help answer questions about durability of response, the need for additional therapies, and long-term toxicities seen with TRK inhibitors."
2464,brain tumour,39236712,Combinatorial targeting of glutamine metabolism and lysosomal-based lipid metabolism effectively suppresses glioblastoma.,"Antipsychotic drugs have been shown to have antitumor effects but have had limited potency in the clinic. Here, we unveil that pimozide inhibits lysosome hydrolytic function to suppress fatty acid and cholesterol release in glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal brain tumor. Unexpectedly, GBM develops resistance to pimozide by boosting glutamine consumption and lipogenesis. These elevations are driven by SREBP-1, which we find upregulates the expression of ASCT2, a key glutamine transporter. Glutamine, in turn, intensifies SREBP-1 activation through the release of ammonia, creating a feedforward loop that amplifies both glutamine metabolism and lipid synthesis, leading to drug resistance. Disrupting this loop via pharmacological targeting of ASCT2 or glutaminase, in combination with pimozide, induces remarkable mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress, leading to GBM cell death in vitro and in vivo. Our findings underscore the promising therapeutic potential of effectively targeting GBM by combining glutamine metabolism inhibition with lysosome suppression."
2465,brain tumour,39236575,What's behind thoracic surgery explosion in young patients under the age of 40 in Wuhan after COVID-19 outbreak?,The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a dramatic increase of chest CT scanning in Wuhan. This was partly a COVID effect: some private and public employers required employees to have CT examinations to confirm they were healthy before going back to work. But it also likely reflects the growing enthusiasm for low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening. This investigation examines the resulting impact in the under 40 population.
2466,brain tumour,39236459,The potential of mesenchymal stem cell coexpressing cytosine deaminase and secretory IL18-FC chimeric cytokine in suppressing glioblastoma recurrence.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients have a high recurrence rate of 90%, and the 5-year survival rate is only about 5%. Cytosine deaminase (CDA)/5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) gene therapy is a promising glioma treatment as 5-FC can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), while 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) cannot. Furthermore, 5-FU can assist reversing the immunological status of cold solid tumors. This study developed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) co-expressing yeast CDA and the secretory IL18-FC superkine to prevent recurrent tumor progression by simultaneously exerting cytotoxic effects and enhancing immune responses. IL18 was fused with Igk and IgG2a FC domains to enhance its secretion and serum half-life. The study confirmed the expression and activity of the CDA enzyme, as well as the expression, secretion, and activity of secretory IL18 and IL18-FC superkine, which were expressed by lentiviruses transduced-MSCs. In the transwell tumor-tropism assay, it was observed that the genetically modified MSCs retained their selective tumor-tropism ability following transduction. CDA-expressing MSCs, in the presence of 5-FC (200 µg/ml), induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in glioma cells through bystander effects in an indirect transwell co-culture system. They reduced the viability of the direct co-culture system when they constituted only 12.5 % of the cell population. The effectiveness of engineered MSCs in suppressing tumor progression was assessed by intracerebral administration of a lethal dose of GL261 cells combined in a ratio of 1:1 with MSCs expressing CDA, or CDA and sIL18, or CDA and sIL18-FC, into C57BL/6 mice. PET scan showed no conspicuous tumor mass in the MSC-CDA-sIL18-FC group that received 5-FC treatment. The pathological analysis showed that tumor progression suppressed in this group until 20th day after cell inoculation. Cytokine assessment showed that both interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) increased in the serum of MSC-CDA-sIL18 and MSC-CDA-sIL18-FC, treated with normal saline (NS) compared to those of the control group. The MSC-CDA-sIL18-FC group that received 5-FC treatment showed reduced serum levels of IL-6 and a considerably improved survival rate compared to the control group. Therefore, MSCs co-expressing yeast CDA and secretory IL18-FC, with tumor tropism capability, may serve as a supplementary approach to standard GBM treatment to effectively inhibit tumor progression and prevent recurrence."
2467,brain tumour,39236416,Utility of combining frailty and comorbid disease indices in predicting outcomes following craniotomy for adult primary brain tumors: A mixed-effects model analysis using the nationwide readmissions database.,"The escalating healthcare expenditures in the United States, particularly in neurosurgery, necessitate effective tools for predicting patient outcomes and optimizing resource allocation. This study explores the utility of combining frailty and comorbidity indices, specifically the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups (JHACG) frailty index and the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI), in predicting hospital length of stay (LOS), non-routine discharge, and one-year readmission in patients undergoing craniotomy for benign and malignant primary brain tumors."
2468,brain tumour,39236283,Potential of E-Learning Interventions and Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Contouring Skills in Radiotherapy: The ELAISA Study.,"Most research on artificial intelligence-based auto-contouring as template (AI-assisted contouring) for organs-at-risk (OARs) stem from high-income countries. The effect and safety are, however, likely to depend on local factors. This study aimed to investigate the effects of AI-assisted contouring and teaching on contouring time and contour quality among radiation oncologists (ROs) working in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)."
2469,brain tumour,39236155,Hematopoietic aging promotes cancer by fueling IL-1⍺-driven emergency myelopoiesis.,"Age is a major risk factor for cancer, but how aging impacts tumor control remains unclear. In this study, we establish that aging of the immune system, regardless of the age of the stroma and tumor, drives lung cancer progression. Hematopoietic aging enhances emergency myelopoiesis, resulting in the local accumulation of myeloid progenitor-like cells in lung tumors. These cells are a major source of interleukin (IL)-1⍺, which drives the enhanced myeloid response. The age-associated decline of DNA methyltransferase 3A enhances IL-1⍺ production, and disrupting IL-1 receptor 1 signaling early during tumor development normalized myelopoiesis and slowed the growth of lung, colonic, and pancreatic tumors. In human tumors, we identified an enrichment for IL-1⍺-expressing monocyte-derived macrophages linked to age, poorer survival, and recurrence, unraveling how aging promotes cancer and offering actionable therapeutic strategies."
2470,brain tumour,39236147,"Comparing Knowledge and Perceptions of Palliative Care Among Neuro-Oncology Patients, Caregivers, and Providers to a Representative U.S. Sample.","Primary brain tumors (PBTs) pose a significant health challenge, affecting patients and their caregivers. While early integration of palliative care (PC) has shown benefits in advanced cancer, its integration for PBT patients, particularly glioblastoma (GBM) patients, remains complex. We hypothesized that our previous PC integration efforts may have failed due to knowledge-gaps and misconceptions among patients, caregivers, and providers."
2471,brain tumour,39236123,M2GCNet: Multi-Modal Graph Convolution Network for Precise Brain Tumor Segmentation Across Multiple MRI Sequences.,"Accurate segmentation of brain tumors across multiple MRI sequences is essential for diagnosis, treatment planning, and clinical decision-making. In this paper, I propose a cutting-edge framework, named multi-modal graph convolution network (M2GCNet), to explore the relationships across different MR modalities, and address the challenge of brain tumor segmentation. The core of M2GCNet is the multi-modal graph convolution module (M2GCM), a pivotal component that represents MR modalities as graphs, with nodes corresponding to image pixels and edges capturing latent relationships between pixels. This graph-based representation enables the effective utilization of both local and global contextual information. Notably, M2GCM comprises two important modules: the spatial-wise graph convolution module (SGCM), adept at capturing extensive spatial dependencies among distinct regions within an image, and the channel-wise graph convolution module (CGCM), dedicated to modelling intricate contextual dependencies among different channels within the image. Additionally, acknowledging the intrinsic correlation present among different MR modalities, a multi-modal correlation loss function is introduced. This novel loss function aims to capture specific nonlinear relationships between correlated modality pairs, enhancing the model's ability to achieve accurate segmentation results. The experimental evaluation on two brain tumor datasets demonstrates the superiority of the proposed M2GCNet over other state-of-the-art segmentation methods. Furthermore, the proposed method paves the way for improved tumor diagnosis, multi-modal information fusion, and a deeper understanding of brain tumor pathology."
2472,brain tumour,39236111,"Relationships among tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels, beta-amyloid accumulation, and hippocampal atrophy in patients with late-life major depressive disorder.","Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by hippocampal volume reduction, impacting cognitive function. Inflammation, particularly elevated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels, is consistently implicated in MDD pathophysiology. This study investigates the relationships between TNF-α levels, hippocampal volume, beta-amyloid (Aβ) burden, and cognitive abilities in MDD patients, aiming to illuminate the complex interplay among inflammatory markers, pathology indicators, structural brain alterations, and cognitive performance in non-demented MDD individuals."
2473,brain tumour,39235938,Protocol to analyze 1D and 2D mass spectrometry data from glioblastoma tissues for cancer diagnosis and immune cell identification.,"In context of cancer diagnosis-based mass spectrometry (MS), the classification model created is crucial. Moreover, exploration of immune cell infiltration in tissues can offer insights within the tumor microenvironment. Here, we present a protocol to analyze 1D and 2D MS data from glioblastoma tissues for cancer diagnosis and immune cells identification. We describe steps for training the most optimal model and cross-validating it, for discovering robust biomarkers and obtaining their corresponding boxplots as well as creating an immunoscore based on MS-imaging data. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zirem et al."
2474,brain tumour,39235760,Synthesis and characterization of fullerene-based nanocarrier for targeted delivery of quercetin to the brain.,
2475,brain tumour,39235683,AFI manual planning versus HyperArc auto-planning: A head-to-head comparison of SRS plan quality.,"HyperArc (HA) auto-planning offers simplicity for the end user and consistently high-quality SRS plans. The ""Ask For It"" (AFI) optimization strategy offers a manual planning technique that, when coupled with R50%"
2476,brain tumour,39235642,Endoscopic retrosigmoid trans-petrosal fissure approach for vestibular schwannomas: case series.,"The management of vestibular schwannoma (VS) remains one of the most formidable challenges in neurosurgery owing to the eloquent nature of surrounding anatomy. Although endoscopy-assisted microsurgery has recently gained momentum in cerebellopontine angle region surgery, the feasibility of pure endoscopic technique has been rarely reported. Here we present the operative technique and preliminary outcomes of fully endoscopic retrosigmoid trans-petrosal fissure approach (ER-TPFA) for VS surgery. Clinical data of 36 consecutive cases of VS treated with the ER-TPFA from March 2021 to March 2023 were analyzed. The patients were placed in a modified lateral park-bench position, with the Dandy incision and suboccipital craniotomy performed. With the endoscopic holder, endoscopic procedures were performed using standard two-hand microsurgical techniques by one surgeon. Arachnoidal dissection of the petrosal fissure was performed for identifying the brainstem end of facial nerve and separating the tumor from the cerebellum, without brain retraction seen in traditional microsurgical technique. The tumors had an averaged size of 3.0 cm in diameter. According to the Hannover classification, nearly all the tumors were grade III-IV (97.3%). Using ER-TPFA, 33 patients (91.7%) achieved gross total resection. Anatomic preservation of the facial nerve was achieved in 35 cases, with 33 patients (91.7%) retaining a House-Brackmann score of 1-2 postoperatively. Four out of ten patients still had serviceable hearing 6 months after operation. Postoperatively, there was no post-craniotomy hematoma, cerebellar edema, and new-onset cerebellar ataxia. With a better visualization of the cerebellopontine angle region, ER-TPFA may help preserve facial nerve function and maintain high gross total resection rate while minimizing complications. We believe this retractorless technique can be a safe and effective alternative for the management of VS with satisfactory clinical results."
2477,brain tumour,39235590,Immune microenvironmental heterogeneity according to tumor DNA methylation phenotypes in microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancers.,"The detailed association between tumor DNA methylation, including CpG island methylation, and tumor immunity is poorly understood. CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is observed typically in sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs) with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H). Here, we investigated the differential features of the tumor immune microenvironment according to CIMP status in MSI-H CRCs. CIMP-high (CIMP-H) or CIMP-low/negative (CIMP-L/0) status was determined using MethyLight assay in 133 MSI-H CRCs. All MSI-H CRCs were subjected to digital pathology-based quantification of CD3 + /CD8 + /CD4 + /FoxP3 + /CD68 + /CD204 + /CD177 + tumor-infiltrating immune cells using whole-slide immunohistochemistry. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry was evaluated using the tumor proportion score (TPS) and combined positive score (CPS). Representative cases were analyzed using whole-exome and RNA-sequencing. In 133 MSI-H CRCs, significantly higher densities of CD8 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were observed in CIMP-H tumors compared with CIMP-L/0 tumors. PD-L1 TPS and CPS in CIMP-H tumors were higher than in CIMP-L/0 tumors. Next-generation sequencing revealed that, compared with CIMP-L/0 tumors, CIMP-H tumors had higher fractions of CD8 + T cells/cytotoxic lymphocytes, higher cytolytic activity scores, and activated immune-mediated cell killing pathways. In contrast to CIMP-L/0 tumors, most CIMP-H tumors were identified as consensus molecular subtype 1, an immunogenic transcriptomic subtype of CRC. However, there were no differences in tumor mutational burden (TMB) between CIMP-H and CIMP-L/0 tumors in MSI-H CRCs. In conclusion, CIMP-H is associated with abundant cytotoxic CD8 + TILs and PD-L1 overexpression independent of TMB in MSI-H CRCs, suggesting that CIMP-H tumors represent a typical immune-hot subtype and are optimal candidates for immunotherapy in MSI-H tumors."
2478,brain tumour,39235579,Nuclear Medicine Imaging Techniques in Glioblastomas.,"Glioblastomas are the most common primary malignant grade 4 tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). The treatment and management of such tumors requires a multidisciplinary approach and nuclear medicine techniques play an important role in this process. Glioblastoma, which recurs despite current treatments and becomes resistant to treatments, is among the tumors with the lowest survival rate, with a survival rate of approximately 8 months. Currently, the standard treatment of glioblastoma is adjuvant chemoradiotherapy after surgical resection. There have been many recent advances in the field of Nuclear Medicine in glioblastoma. PET scans are critical in determining tumor localization, pre-surgical planning, evaluation of post-treatment response and detection of recurrence. Advances in the treatment of glioblastoma and a better understanding of the biological characteristics of the disease have contributed to the development of nuclear medicine techniques. This review, in addition to other studies, is intended as a general imaging summary guide and includes some new expressions discovered in glioblastoma. This review discusses recent advances in nuclear medicine in glioblastoma."
2479,brain tumour,39235531,Oncolytic virotherapy augments self-maintaining natural killer cell line cytotoxicity against neuroblastoma.,Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children and accounts for 15% of pediatric cancer related deaths. Targeting neuroblastoma with immunotherapies has proven challenging due to a paucity of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and the release of immunosuppressive cytokines by neuroblastoma tumor cells. We hypothesized that combining an oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus (oHSV) with natural killer (NK) cells might overcome these barriers and incite tumor cell death.
2480,brain tumour,39234740,Predicting Overall Survival of Glioblastoma Patients Using Deep Learning Classification Based on MRIs.,"Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most aggressive tumors of the brain. Despite intensive treatment, the average overall survival (OS) is 15-18 months. Therefore, it is helpful to be able to assess a patient's OS to tailor treatment more specifically to the course of the disease. Automated analysis of routinely generated MRI sequences (FLAIR, T1, T1CE, and T2) using deep learning-based image classification has the potential to enable accurate OS predictions."
2481,brain tumour,39234318,"Adrenocorticotropic Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Microadenoma Presenting with Acute Psychosis, Delirium and Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity.","Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenomas are known to be associated with behavioural changes but acute presentation including psychosis and delirium are less common. We report the case of a 42-year-old female patient with a known medical history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, presenting with acute onset behavioural changes suggestive of psychosis to a tertiary care centre in Muscat, Oman in 2022. Further evaluation revealed an ACTH dependent Cushing's disease with a pituitary microadenoma. The patient was admitted for endoscopic resection of the adenoma. During the peri-operative period, she experienced worsening of psychosis in addition to delirium. She also developed episodes of unresponsiveness, posturing, severe diaphoresis and dyspnoea accompanied by tachycardia and hypertension which were managed with midazolam and levetiracetam. A seizure work-up and computed tomography brain scan were unremarkable. At follow-up, she showed full resolution of symptoms with good blood pressure and glycaemic control."
2482,brain tumour,39233936,Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning in Revolutionizing Brain Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment: A Narrative Review.,"The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) in the medical field holds promise in improving medical management, particularly in personalized strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors. However, integrating AI into clinical practice has proven to be a challenge. Deep learning (DL) is very convenient for extracting relevant information from large amounts of data that has increased in medical history and imaging records, which shortens diagnosis time, that would otherwise overwhelm manual methods. In addition, DL aids in automated tumor segmentation, classification, and diagnosis. DL models such as the Brain Tumor Classification Model and the Inception-Resnet V2, or hybrid techniques that enhance these functions and combine DL networks with support vector machine and k-nearest neighbors, identify tumor phenotypes and brain metastases, allowing real-time decision-making and enhancing preoperative planning. AI algorithms and DL development facilitate radiological diagnostics such as computed tomography, positron emission tomography scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by integrating two-dimensional and three-dimensional MRI using DenseNet and 3D convolutional neural network architectures, which enable precise tumor delineation. DL offers benefits in neuro-interventional procedures, and the shift toward computer-assisted interventions acknowledges the need for more accurate and efficient image analysis methods. Further research is needed to realize the potential impact of DL in improving these outcomes."
2483,brain tumour,39233830,Macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a therapeutic target in neuro-oncology: A review.,"Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors affect tens of thousands of patients each year, and there is a significant need for new treatments. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine implicated in multiple tumorigenic processes such as cell proliferation, vascularization, and immune evasion and is therefore a promising therapeutic target in primary CNS tumors. There are several MIF-directed treatments available, including small-molecule inhibitors, peptide drugs, and monoclonal antibodies. However, only a small number of these drugs have been tested in preclinical models of primary CNS tumors, and even fewer have been studied in patients. Moreover, the brain has unique therapeutic requirements that further make effective targeting challenging. In this review, we summarize the latest functions of MIF in primary CNS tumor initiation and progression. We also discuss advances in MIF therapeutic development and ongoing preclinical studies and clinical trials. Finally, we discuss potential future MIF therapies and the strategies required for successful clinical translation."
2484,brain tumour,39233627,Comparison of Different Head Tilt Angles in Tomotherapy and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy for Hippocampal-Avoidance Whole-Brain Radiotherapy.,"Hippocampal-avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy (HA-WBRT) planning can present challenges. This study examines the influence of head tilt angles on the dosimetric characteristics of target and organs at risk (OARs), aiming to identify the optimal tilt angle that yields optimal dosimetric outcomes using tomotherapy (TOMO)."
2485,brain tumour,39233539,"Fibrosis-Encapsulated Tumoroid, A Solid Cancer Assembloid Model for Cancer Research and Drug Screening.","Peritumoral fibrosis is known to promote cancer progression and confer treatment resistance in various solid tumors. Consequently, developing accurate cancer research and drug screening models that replicate the structure and function of a fibrosis-surrounded tumor mass is imperative. Previous studies have shown that self-assembly three-dimensional (3D) co-cultures primarily produce cancer-encapsulated fibrosis or maintain a fibrosis-encapsulated tumor mass for a short period, which is inadequate to replicate the function of fibrosis, particularly as a physical barrier. To address this limitation, a multi-layer spheroid formation method is developed to create a fibrosis-encapsulated tumoroid (FET) structure that maintains structural stability for up to 14 days. FETs exhibited faster tumor growth, higher expression of immunosuppressive cytokines, and equal or greater resistance to anticancer drugs compared to their parental tumoroids. Additionally, FETs serve as a versatile model for traditional cancer research, enabling the study of exosomal miRNA and gene functions, as well as for mechanobiology research when combined with alginate hydrogel. Our findings suggest that the FET represents an advanced model that more accurately mimics solid cancer tissue with peritumoral fibrosis. It may show potential superiority over self-assembly-based 3D co-cultures for cancer research and drug screening, and holds promise for personalized drug selection in cancer treatment."
2486,brain tumour,39233324,Current immunotherapy techniques in meningioma.,"Although meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumor, there are limited treatment options for recurrent or aggressive lesions. Compared to other brain tumors, meningiomas may be uniquely amenable to immunotherapy by virtue of their location outside the blood-brain barrier."
2487,brain tumour,39233205,"Gliomas in adults: Guidance on investigations, diagnosis, treatment and surveillance.","Primary brain tumours are rare but carry a significant morbidity and mortality burden. Malignant gliomas are the most common subtype and their incidence is increasing within our ageing population. The diagnosis and treatment of gliomas involves substantial interplay between multiple specialties, including general medical physicians, radiologists, pathologists, surgeons, oncologists and allied health professionals. At any point along this pathway, patients can present to acute medicine with complications of their cancer or anti-cancer therapy. Increasing the awareness of malignant gliomas among general physicians is paramount to delivering prompt radiological and histopathological diagnoses, facilitating access to earlier and individualised treatment options and allows for effective recognition and management of anticipated complications. This article discusses evidence-based real-world practice for malignant gliomas, encompassing patient presentation, diagnostic pathways, treatments and their complications, and prognosis to guide management outside of specialist centres."
2488,brain tumour,39233131,Syk inhibitors reduce tau protein phosphorylation and oligomerization.,"Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), a non-receptor-type tyrosine kinase, has a wide range of physiological functions. A possible role of Syk in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been proposed. We evaluated the localization of Syk in the brains of patients with AD and control participants. Human neuroblastoma M1C cells harboring wild-type tau (4R0N) were used with the tetracycline off (TetOff) induction system. In this model of neuronal tauopathy, the effects of the Syk inhibitors-BAY 61-3606 and R406-on tau phosphorylation and oligomerization were explored using several phosphorylated tau-specific antibodies and an oligomeric tau antibody, and the effects of these Syk inhibitors on autophagy were examined using western blot analyses. Moreover, the effects of the Syk inhibitor R406 were evaluated in vivo using wild-type mice. In AD brains, Syk and phosphorylated tau colocalized in the cytosol. In M1C cells, Syk protein (72 kDa) was detected using western blot analysis. Syk inhibitors decreased the expression levels of several tau phosphoepitopes including PHF-1, CP13, AT180, and AT270. Syk inhibitors also decreased the levels of caspase-cleaved tau (TauC3), a pathological tau form. Syk inhibitors increased inactivated glycogen synthase kinase 3β expression and decreased active p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase expression and demethylated protein phosphatase 2 A levels, indicating that Syk inhibitors inactivate tau kinases and activate tau phosphatases. Syk inhibitors also activated autophagy, as indicated by increased LC3II and decreased p62 levels. In vivo, the Syk inhibitor R406 decreased phosphorylated tau levels in wild-type mice. These findings suggest that Syk inhibitors offer novel therapeutic strategies for tauopathies, including AD."
2489,brain tumour,39233092,Long-term survival of kidney-transplant recipient with donor-transmitted malignant melanoma after provoked rejection.,"Donor-transmitted malignancy is a rare and often fatal complication of organ transplantation. We report a case of a 55-year old male kidney transplant recipient who was diagnosed with stage-IV donor-transmitted melanoma 5 months after transplantation with metastases in the liver, spleen, lung, and brain. Immunosuppression was discontinued, and encorafenib and binimetinib, inhibitors of a serine/threonine B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) respectively, were started. Severe rejection ensued and necessitated the start of hemodialysis as well as urgent graft nephrectomy. However, the tumor progressed and BRAF/MEK inhibition was replaced by immune-checkpoint inhibition with ipilimumab and nivolumab. When this also failed to slow disease progression and seizures occurred, therapy with encorafenib and binimetinib was reinstated. Afterwards, most of the metastases remained stable. The patient has now survived for more than 4 years in good general health, which is an exceptionally long survival with donor-transmitted, metastasized melanoma."
2490,brain tumour,39233056,Improving glioma drug delivery: A multifaceted approach for glioma drug development.,"Glioma is one of the most common central nervous system (CNS) cancers that can be found within the brain and the spinal cord. One of the pressing issues plaguing the development of therapeutics for glioma originates from the selective and semipermeable CNS membranes: the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB). It is difficult to bypass these membranes and target the desired cancerous tissue because the purpose of the BBB and BSCB is to filter toxins and foreign material from invading CNS spaces. There are currently four varieties of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug treatment for glioma; yet these therapies have limitations including, but not limited to, relatively low transmission through the BBB/BSCB, despite pharmacokinetic characteristics that allow them to cross the barriers. Steps must be taken to improve the development of novel and repurposed glioma treatments through the consideration of pharmacological profiles and innovative drug delivery techniques. This review addresses current FDA-approved glioma treatments' gaps, shortcomings, and challenges. We then outline how incorporating computational BBB/BSCB models and innovative drug delivery mechanisms will help motivate clinical advancements in glioma drug delivery. Ultimately, considering these attributes will improve the process of novel and repurposed drug development in glioma and the efficacy of glioma treatment."
2491,brain tumour,39232916,Efficacy of Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in Early to Mid-stage Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients in the Era of Magnetic Resonance Imaging.,Recent advancements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for staging have highlighted the critical question of the need for prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in managing early to mid-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC). This study assesses the impact of PCI on overall survival (OS) and intracranial control among patients with stage I-IIB SCLC.
2492,brain tumour,39232721,Eslicarbazepine induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in C6 glioma cells in vitro and suppresses tumor growth in an intracranial rat model.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor, with a poor prognosis and life expectancy of 14-16 months after diagnosis. The standard treatment for GBM consists of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy with temozolomide. Most patients become resistant to treatment after some time, and the tumor recurs. Therefore, there is a need for new drugs to manage GBM. Eslicarbazepine (ESL) is a well-known antiepileptic drug belonging to the dibenzazepine group with anticancer potentials. In this study, for the first time, we evaluated the potential effects of ESL on C6 cell growth, both in vitro and in vivo, and examined its molecular effects."
2493,brain tumour,39232585,Adequate assessment yields appropriate care-the role of geriatric assessment and management in older adults with cancer: a position paper from the ESMO/SIOG Cancer in the Elderly Working Group.,"With the aging population, older adults constitute a growing proportion of the new cancer cases. Given the heterogeneous health status among older adults and their susceptibility to aging-related vulnerabilities, understanding their diversity and its implications becomes increasingly crucial for prognostication and guiding diagnostics, treatment decisions, and follow-up, as well as informing supportive care interventions. Geriatric assessment and management (GAM) refers to the comprehensive evaluation of an older individual's health status with subsequent management plans focusing on both oncologic and non-oncologic interventions. In 2019, the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and the International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) established the ESMO/SIOG Cancer in the Elderly Working Group. This position paper reflects the recommendations of the working group. Our paper summarizes the existing evidence with a focus on recent key trials and based on this, we propose several recommendations and future directions."
2494,brain tumour,39232581,"GABAergic neuronal lineage development determines clinically actionable targets in diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3G34-mutant.","Diffuse hemispheric gliomas, H3G34R/V-mutant (DHG-H3G34), are lethal brain tumors lacking targeted therapies. They originate from interneuronal precursors; however, leveraging this origin for therapeutic insights remains unexplored. Here, we delineate a cellular hierarchy along the interneuron lineage development continuum, revealing that DHG-H3G34 mirror spatial patterns of progenitor streams surrounding interneuron nests, as seen during human brain development. Integrating these findings with genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens identifies genes upregulated in interneuron lineage progenitors as major dependencies. Among these, CDK6 emerges as a targetable vulnerability: DHG-H3G34 tumor cells show enhanced sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibitors and a CDK6-specific degrader, promoting a shift toward more mature interneuron-like states, reducing tumor growth, and prolonging xenograft survival. Notably, a patient with progressive DHG-H3G34 treated with a CDK4/6 inhibitor achieved 17 months of stable disease. This study underscores interneuronal progenitor-like states, organized in characteristic niches, as a distinct vulnerability in DHG-H3G34, highlighting CDK6 as a promising clinically actionable target."
2495,brain tumour,39232392,"The effects of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 in patients with major depressive disorder: an eight-week double-blind, placebo-controlled study.","Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex mental disorder, potentially linked to the gut-microbiota-brain axis. Probiotics like Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 (PS128) may improve depressive symptoms by modulating the gut microbiota based on our previous open trial. We conducted an 8-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the impact of PS128 on depression severity, markers of inflammation and gut permeability, and the gut microbiota composition in 32 patients with MDD with stable antidepressant treatment but moderate symptom severity. Following the 8-week intervention, both the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 score (HAMD), and Depression and Somatic Symptoms Scale (DSSS) showed a significant decrease in both groups (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the change of depression severity between groups (p=0.203). Moreover, alterations in serum levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and intestinal fatty acid binding protein, as well as changes in the gut microbiota composition, did not exhibit significant differences before and after intervention or between the groups. In comparison to the placebo group, our study did not find significant effects of PS128 on depressive symptoms, biomarkers of inflammation and gut permeability, and the overall gut microbiota composition. Nonetheless, we observed a potential impact of PS128 on the symbiosis of specific taxa. To comprehensively understand the psychophysiological effects of PS128 in patients with MDD, further research with a larger sample size is imperative."
2496,brain tumour,39232314,"Study of the relationship among biomarkers, cell and tissue of glioma through Raman spectroscopy.","Glioma is the most common brain tumors with high mortality and recurrence rates. Currently, the diagnosis methods for glioma are mainly based on tissue level, cellular level and biomarker level. In this paper, the characteristics of biomarkers (γ-aminobutyric acid and matrix mtalloproteinses-2), U87MG glioma cell and tissue were studied based on Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The results showed that the γ-aminobutyric acid concentration exhibited a linear relation with the intensity of characteristic peaks in 800-1600 cm"
2497,brain tumour,39232270,SG-Fusion: A swin-transformer and graph convolution-based multi-modal deep neural network for glioma prognosis.,"The integration of morphological attributes extracted from histopathological images and genomic data holds significant importance in advancing tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and grading. Histopathological images are acquired through microscopic examination of tissue slices, providing valuable insights into cellular structures and pathological features. On the other hand, genomic data provides information about tumor gene expression and functionality. The fusion of these two distinct data types is crucial for gaining a more comprehensive understanding of tumor characteristics and progression. In the past, many studies relied on single-modal approaches for tumor diagnosis. However, these approaches had limitations as they were unable to fully harness the information from multiple data sources. To address these limitations, researchers have turned to multi-modal methods that concurrently leverage both histopathological images and genomic data. These methods better capture the multifaceted nature of tumors and enhance diagnostic accuracy. Nonetheless, existing multi-modal methods have, to some extent, oversimplified the extraction processes for both modalities and the fusion process. In this study, we presented a dual-branch neural network, namely SG-Fusion. Specifically, for the histopathological modality, we utilize the Swin-Transformer structure to capture both local and global features and incorporate contrastive learning to encourage the model to discern commonalities and differences in the representation space. For the genomic modality, we developed a graph convolutional network based on gene functional and expression level similarities. Additionally, our model integrates a cross-attention module to enhance information interaction and employs divergence-based regularization to enhance the model's generalization performance. Validation conducted on glioma datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas unequivocally demonstrates that our SG-Fusion model outperforms both single-modal methods and existing multi-modal approaches in both survival analysis and tumor grading."
2498,brain tumour,39232185,Comorbidity in patients with cancer treated at The Christie.,Comorbidities have been shown to impact the presentation and treatment of patients with cancers. This study investigates the prevalence and patterns of comorbidity in a pan-cancer cohort of patients treated at a large UK specialist cancer center over a 9-year period.
2499,brain tumour,39232046,The compartment-specific manipulation of the NAD,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of cancer in the brain and has an inferior prognosis because of the lack of suitable medicine, largely due to its tremendous invasion. GBM has selfish metabolic pathways to promote migration, invasion, and proliferation compared to normal cells. Among various metabolic pathways, NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is essential in generating ATP and is used as a resource for cancer cells. LbNOX (Lactobacillus brevis NADH oxidase) is an enzyme that can directly manipulate the NAD"
2500,brain tumour,39232028,Brain tumor image segmentation method using hybrid attention module and improved mask RCNN.,"To meet the needs of automated medical analysis of brain tumor magnetic resonance imaging, this study introduces an enhanced instance segmentation method built upon mask region-based convolutional neural network. By incorporating squeeze-and-excitation networks, a channel attention mechanism, and concatenated attention neural network, a spatial attention mechanism, the model can more adeptly focus on the critical regions and finer details of brain tumors. Residual network-50 combined attention module and feature pyramid network as the backbone network to effectively capture multi-scale characteristics of brain tumors. At the same time, the region proposal network and region of interest align technology were used to ensure that the segmentation area matched the actual tumor morphology. The originality of the research lies in the deep residual network that combines attention mechanism with feature pyramid network to replace the backbone based on mask region convolutional neural network, achieving an improvement in the efficiency of brain tumor feature extraction. After a series of experiments, the precision of the model is 90.72%, which is 0.76% higher than that of the original model. Recall was 91.68%, an increase of 0.95%; Mean Intersection over Union was 94.56%, an increase of 1.39%. This method achieves precise segmentation of brain tumor magnetic resonance imaging, and doctors can easily and accurately locate the tumor area through the segmentation results, thereby quickly measuring the diameter, area, and other information of the tumor, providing doctors with more comprehensive diagnostic information."
2501,brain tumour,39231972,"L3MBTL1, a polycomb protein, promotes Osimertinib acquired resistance through epigenetic regulation of DNA damage response in lung adenocarcinoma.","Osimertinib is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) approved for patients with EGFR T790M resistance mutations as first- or second-line treatment of EGFR-positive patients. Resistance to Osimertinib will inevitably develop, and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we discovered that acquired resistance to Osimertinib is associated with abnormal DNA damage response (DDR) in lung adenocarcinoma cells. We discovered that the polycomb protein Lethal(3) Malignant Brain Tumor-Like Protein 1 (L3MBTL1) regulates chromatin structure, thereby contributing to DDR and Osimertinib resistance. EGFR oncogene inhibition reduced L3MBTL1 ubiquitination while stabilizing its expression in Osimertinib-resistant cells. L3MBTL1 reduction and treatment with Osimertinib significantly inhibited DDR and proliferation of Osimertinib-resistant lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. L3MBTL1 binds throughout the genome and plays an important role in EGFR-TKI resistance. It also competes with 53BP1 for H4K20Me2 and inhibits the development of drug resistance in Osimertinib-resistant lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that L3MBTL1 inhibition is a novel approach to overcoming EGFR-TKI-acquired resistance."
2502,brain tumour,39231916,PD-L1 and VEGF dual blockade enhances anti-tumor effect on brain metastasis in hematogenous metastasis model.,"Immunotherapy improves survival outcomes in cancer patients, but there is still an unmet clinical need in the treatment of brain metastases. Here, we used a mouse model to investigate the antitumor effect of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) dual blockade on metastatic brain tumors and evaluated immune responses during treatment. After establishing hematogenous brain metastasis by transplanting murine bladder carcinoma MBT2 cells stably expressing secNLuc reporter via the internal carotid artery of C3H/HeNCrl mice, we observed the formation of metastases not only in the brain parenchyma but also in the ventricles. The observed pathological areas showed that metastases in the ventricle were histologically larger than that in the brain parenchyma. Regarding the total tumor burden in the whole brain as revealed by Nluc activities, the combination of anti-PD-L1 antibody and anti-VEGF antibody showed a stronger anti-tumor effect than each single agent. Anti-PD-L1 antibody alone enhanced CD8"
2503,brain tumour,39231857,Brain tumor detection and segmentation using deep learning.,"Brain tumor detection, classification and segmentation are challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of brain tumors. Different deep learning-based algorithms are available for object detection; however, the performance of detection algorithms on brain tumor data has not been widely explored. Therefore, we aim to compare different object detection algorithms (Faster R-CNN, YOLO & SSD) for brain tumor detection on MRI data. Furthermore, the best-performing detection network is paired with a 2D U-Net for pixel-wise segmentation of abnormal tumor cells."
2504,brain tumour,39231832,Interleukin 6 and cancer resistance in glioblastoma multiforme.,"Despite unprecedented survival in patients with glioblastoma (GB), the aggressive primary brain cancer remains largely incurable and its mechanisms of treatment resistance have gained particular attention. The cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) and its receptor weave through the hallmarks of malignant gliomas and may represent a key vulnerability to GB. Known for activating the STAT3 pathway in autocrine fashion, IL-6 is amplified in GB and has been recognized as a negative biomarker for GB prognosis, rendering it a putative target of novel GB therapies. While it has been recognized as a biologically active component of GB for three decades only with concurrent advances in understanding of complementary immunotherapy has the concept of targeting IL-6 for a human clinical trial gained scientific footing."
2505,brain tumour,39231825,Focused ultrasound: a Trojan horse to deliver chemotherapeutics across blood-tumor barrier.,No abstract found
2506,brain tumour,39231812,"Comment on ""Route patterns of the collateral venous pathway in patients with tumors invading the superior sagittal sinus: an angiographic study and clinical applications"".","This commentary critiques the study ""Route patterns of the collateral venous pathway in patients with tumors invading the superior sagittal sinus"" by Pawit Jirawisan et al., highlighting its limitations in discussing parafalcine venous collaterals, reliance on invasive imaging modalities, and lack of structured assessments. It suggests improvements by incorporating alternative imaging techniques, acknowledging crucial venous structures, and providing grading systems for surgical decision-making."
2507,brain tumour,39231755,[Granular cell astrocytomas/glioblastoma: report of a case].,报道1例脑实质内颗粒细胞星形细胞瘤/胶质母细胞瘤。患者男，46岁，因头晕伴肢体麻木半个月入院。头颅影像学检查提示双侧大脑半球多发占位性病变，考虑淋巴瘤。先后行立体定向脑活检及肿瘤部分切除术，首次术后病理诊断为颗粒细胞星形细胞瘤/胶质母细胞瘤，IDH野生型，中枢神经系统肿瘤分级WHO 4级。活检样本镜下观察，肿瘤细胞圆形或多边形，片状或散在浸润性生长，胞界清晰，胞质丰富颗粒状，罕见核分裂象，未见坏死及微血管增生。手术切除样本中，镜下除颗粒细胞星形细胞瘤成分外，局部可见密集排列的异型星形肿瘤细胞以及微血管增生和坏死。2次标本免疫组织化学：S-100蛋白弥漫阳性，胶质纤维酸性蛋白不同程度阳性，少突胶质细胞转录因子2 部分阳性，CD68阳性，CD163阴性。过碘酸雪夫特殊染色显示胞质颗粒阳性。2次标本即时荧光定量PCR检测出TERT（C228T）基因突变，第二次手术标本二代测序未检测出H3基因或IDH基因突变，检测出TERT基因突变、EGFR基因扩增、CDKN2A/B纯合性缺失、PTEN缺失、第7号染色体获得、第10号染色体缺失以及MET基因扩增。患者术后接受全中枢放疗以及化疗，于术后7个月死亡。.
2508,brain tumour,39231745,[Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of pediatric gliomas: analysis of 111 cases].,
2509,brain tumour,20301488,Li-Fraumeni Syndrome,"Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a cancer predisposition syndrome associated with high risks for a broad spectrum of cancers including early-onset cancers. Five cancer types account for the majority of LFS tumors: adrenocortical carcinomas, breast cancer, central nervous system tumors, osteosarcomas, and soft-tissue sarcomas. Other cancers associated with LFS include leukemia, colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, pediatric head and neck cancers, pancreatic cancer, and prostate cancer. Cancer survivors are at increased risk for developing additional primary cancers and treatment-related secondary cancers. The lifetime risks of cancer for women and men with classic LFS are 90% and 70%, respectively, and 50% of cancers occur prior to age 40 years."
2510,brain tumour,39231392,New Benchmark for Targeted Therapies in Lung Cancer: Median Progression-Free Survival for Lorlatinib in Advanced ALK+ Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Surpasses 5 years.,"In the article that accompanies this editorial, Dr. Solomon and colleagues present a post-hoc analysis of investigator-assessed efficacy outcomes, safety, and biomarker analyses encompassing approximately 5 years’ worth of data from the CROWN trial (NCT03052608) of lorlatinib compared with crizotinib in patients with treatment naïve advanced / metastatic ALK+ NSCLC demonstrating a PFS benefit for lorlatinib which exceeds 5 years and a 96% probability of preventing brain metastases within this time frame. These updated data are unprecedented for the treatment of ALK+ NSCLC, and for NSCLC treated with targeted therapies in general, making a compelling argument for lorlatinib as the preferred first line ALK TKI."
2511,brain tumour,39231047,Gradient-Guided Network With Fourier Enhancement for Glioma Segmentation in Multimodal 3D MRI.,"Glioma segmentation is a crucial task in computer-aided diagnosis, requiring precise discrimination between lesions and normal tissue at the pixel level. Popular methods neglect crucial edge information, leading to inaccurate contour delineation. Moreover, global information has been proven beneficial for segmentation. The feature representations extracted by convolution neural networks often struggle with local-related information owing to the limited receptive fields. To address these issues, we propose a novel edge-aware segmentation network that incorporates a dual-path gradient-guided training strategy with Fourier edge-enhancement for precise glioma segmentation, a.k.a. GFNet. First, we introduce a Dual-path Gradient-guided Training strategy (DGT) based on a Siamese network guiding the optimizing direction of one path by the gradient from the other path. DGT pays attention to the indistinguishable pixels with large weight-updating gradient, such as the pixels near the boundary, to guide the network training, addressing hard samples. Second, to further perceive the edge information, we derive a Fourier Edge-enhancement Module (FEM) to augment feature edges with high-frequency representations from the spectral domain, providing global information and edge details. Extensive experiments on public glioma segmentation datasets, BraTS2020 and Medical Segmentation Decathlon (MSD) glioma and prostate segmentation, demonstrate that GFNet achieves competitive performance compared to other state-of-the-art methods, both qualitatively and quantitatively."
2512,brain tumour,39230804,Advancements and challenges: immunotherapy therapy in high-grade glioma - a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.,High-grade gliomas (HGG) are the most aggressive primary brain tumors with poor prognoses despite conventional treatments. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising avenue due to its potential to elicit a targeted immune response against tumor cells.
2513,brain tumour,39230803,"Frailty indices predict mortality, complications and functional improvements in supratentorial meningioma patients over 80 years of age.","To assess whether the Modified 5 (mFI-5) and 11 (mFI-11) Factor Frailty Indices associate with postoperative mortality, complications, and functional benefit in supratentorial meningioma patients aged over 80 years."
2514,brain tumour,39230703,Ouroboros: cross-linking protein expression perturbations and cancer histology imaging with generative-predictive modeling.,"Imagine if we could simultaneously predict spatial protein expression in tissues from their routine Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained images, and create tissue images given protein expression profiles thus enabling virtual simulations of how protein expression alterations impact histology in complex diseases like cancer. Such an approach could lead to more informed diagnostic and therapeutic decisions for precision medicine at lower costs and shorter turnaround times, more detailed insights into underlying disease pathology as well as improvement in predictive and generative performance. In this study, we investigate the intricate correlation between protein expressions obtained from Hyperion mass cytometry and histopathological microstructures in conventional H&E stained glioblastoma (GBM) samples, unveiling morphological patterns and cellular-level spatial alterations associated with protein expression changes. To model these complex relationships, we propose a novel generative-predictive framework called Ouroboros for producing H&E images from protein expressions and simultaneously predicting protein expressions from H&E images. Our comprehensive sample-independent validation over 9920 tissue spots from 4 GBM samples encompassing visual image analysis, quantitative analysis, subspace alignment and perturbation experiments shows that the proposed generative-predictive approach offers significant improvements in predicting protein expression from images in comparison to baseline methods as well as accurate generation of virtual GBM sample images. This proof of concept study can contribute to advancing our understanding of histological responses to protein expression perturbations and lays the foundations for further developments in this area."
2515,brain tumour,39229920,Zosuquidar Promotes Antitumor Immunity by Inducing Autophagic Degradation of PD-L1.,"The intracellular distribution and transportation process are essential for maintaining PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) expression, and intervening in this cellular process may provide promising therapeutic strategies. Here, through a cell-based high content screening, it is found that the ABCB1 (ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1) modulator zosuquidar dramatically suppresses PD-L1 expression by triggering its autophagic degradation. Mechanistically, ABCB1 interacts with PD-L1 and impairs COP II-mediated PD-L1 transport from ER (endoplasmic reticulum) to Golgi apparatus. The treatment of zosuquidar enhances ABCB1-PD-L1 interaction and leads the ER retention of PD-L1, which is subsequently degraded in the SQSTM1-dependent selective autophagy pathway. In CT26 mouse model and a humanized xenograft mouse model, zosuquidar significantly suppresses tumor growth and accompanies by increased infiltration of cytotoxic T cells. In summary, this study indicates that ABCB1 serves as a negative regulator of PD-L1, and zosuquidar may act as a potential immunotherapy agent by triggering PD-L1 degradation in the early secretory pathway."
2516,brain tumour,39229481,Functional outcomes after retrosigmoid approach to the cerebellopontine angle: Observations from a single-center experience of over 13 years.,"Accessing the posterior base of the skull is complex because of the vital neurovascular structures in the area. However, the retrosigmoid approach (RSA) offers a solution to this challenge."
2517,brain tumour,39229440,Treatment Reproducibility in Brain Stereotactic Radiotherapy Using a Shim Mask Versus a Standard Mask.,"Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the setup accuracy of the new shim mask with mouth bite compared to the standard full brain mask in stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and radiotherapy (SRT) treatments for brain metastases or tumors. Method A combined retrospective and prospective design was employed, involving 40 patients treated at our center. Patients previously treated using standard head masks formed the retrospective cohort, while those treated with the Shim mask and mouth bite formed the prospective cohort. Daily cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained before each treatment session to ensure patient setup accuracy. Key metrics included absolute shifts in translational and rotational directions, the number of repeat CBCTs, and the time interval between CBCTs. Results The Shim mask significantly reduced the mean setup errors in the lateral translation (p=0.022) from 0.17 cm (SD=0.10) to 0.10 cm (SD=0.10), and in X-axis rotation (p=0.030) from 0.79° (SD=0.43) to 0.47° (SD=0.47). By considering cutoff points of 1 mm in translational and 1° in rotational directions, the Shim mask was significantly more accurate in the lateral direction (p=0.004). Moreover, while 70% of patients in the standard group required repeat CBCT scans, none in the Shim group did, resulting in an average time saving of 10.4 minutes per patient. Conclusion The Shim mask with mouth bite offers enhanced immobilization accuracy in SRT/SRS treatments, leading to time and potential cost savings by reducing the need for repeat CBCT scans. This underscores the importance of adopting innovative immobilization techniques to optimize patient outcomes."
2518,brain tumour,39229150,Rearrangement of 3D genome organization in breast cancer epithelial - mesenchymal transition and metastasis organotropism.,"Breast cancer cells exhibit organotropism during metastasis, showing preferential homing to certain organs such as bone, lung, liver, and brain. One potential explanation for this organotropic behavior is that cancer cells gain properties that enable thriving in certain microenvironments. Such specific metastatic traits may arise from gene regulation at the primary tumor site. Spatial genome organization plays a crucial role in oncogenic transformation and progression, but the extent to which chromosome architecture contributes to organ-specific metastatic traits is unclear. This work characterizes chromosome architecture changes associated with organotropic metastatic traits. By comparing a collection of genomic data from different subtypes of localized and lung metastatic breast cancer cells with both normal and cancerous lung cells, we find important trends of genomic reorganization. The most striking differences in 3D genome compartments segregate cell types according to their epithelial vs. mesenchymal status. This EMT compartment signature occurs at genomic regions distinct from transcription-defined EMT signatures, suggesting a separate layer of regulation. Specifically querying organotropism, we find 3D genome changes consistent with adaptations needed to survive in a new microenvironment, with lung metastatic breast cells exhibiting compartment switch signatures that shift the genome architecture to a lung cell-like conformation and brain metastatic prostate cancer cells showing compartment shifts toward a brain-like state. TCGA patient data reveals gene expression changes concordant with these organ-permissive compartment changes. These results suggest that genome architecture provides an additional level of cell fate specification informing organotropism and enabling survival at the metastatic site."
2519,brain tumour,39229086,Feminization of social play behavior depends on microglia.,"Many sex differences in brain and behavior are established developmentally by the opposing processes of feminization and masculinization, which manifest following differential steroid hormone exposure in early life. The cellular mechanisms underlying masculinization are well-documented, a result of the fact that it is steroid-mediated and can be easily induced in newborn female rodents via exogenous steroid treatment. However, the study of feminization of particular brain regions has largely been relegated to being ""not masculinization"" given the absence of an identified initiating trigger. As a result, the mechanisms of this key developmental process remain elusive. Here we describe a novel role for microglia, the brain's innate immune cell, in the feminization of the medial amygdala and a complex social behavior, juvenile play. In the developing amygdala, microglia promote proliferation of astrocytes equally in both sexes, with no apparent effect on rates of cell division, but support cell survival selectively in females through the trophic actions of Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα). We demonstrate that disrupting TNFα signaling, either by depleting microglia or inhibiting the associated signaling pathways, prevents the feminization of astrocyte density and increases juvenile play levels to that seen in males. This data, combined with our previous finding that male-like patterns of astrocyte density are sculpted by developmental microglial phagocytosis, reveals that sexual differentiation of the medial amygdala involves opposing tensions between active masculinization and active feminization, both of which require microglia but are achieved via distinct processes."
2520,brain tumour,39229036,SUV39H1 Preserves Cancer Stem Cell Chromatin State and Properties in Glioblastoma.,"Of the more than 100 types of brain cancer, glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest. As GBM stem cells (GSCs) are considered to be responsible for therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence, effective targeting and elimination of GSCs could hold promise for preventing GBM recurrence and achieving potential cures. We show here that "
2521,brain tumour,39229003,Microenvironment T-Type calcium channels regulate neuronal and glial processes to promote glioblastoma growth.,Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of microenvironment and intrinsic T-type calcium channels (Cav3) in regulating tumor growth and progression.
2522,brain tumour,39228887,Significant Variability in Postoperative Thromboprophylaxis in Cushing's Disease Patients: A Survey of the North American Skull Base Society and the AANS/CNS Joint Tumor Section.,
2523,brain tumour,39228728,Temporal Immune Profiling in the CSF and Blood of Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.,Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a significant complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). This study profiled immune responses after aSAH and evaluated their association with DCI onset.
2524,brain tumour,39228311,Assessing and Charting the Future Path : Addressing the Decline of Brain Tumor Specialists in Korea - Insights from the Korea Brain Tumor Society (KBTS) Future Strategy Committee of 2023.,"Although Republic of Korea is an advanced country in medical technology with a successful treatment rate for serious diseases, such as cancer, and has improved technology for highly difficult surgery, many excellent medical doctors and physicians are struggling due to the recent unreasonable medical environment. Specialization in brain tumor surgery also faces challenges in Republic of Korea, including low financial incentives, legal threats, and limited career prospects. In response, the Korea Brain Tumor Society (KBTS) formed the Future Strategy Committee to assess these obstacles and propose solutions."
2525,brain tumour,39228184,Bevacizumab Alone Versus Bevacizumab Plus Irinotecan in Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.,"For treating recurrent glioblastoma, for which there is no established treatment, the antiangiogenic antibody, bevacizumab, is used alone or with irinotecan. This study was aimed at comparing the survival of patients with recurrent glioblastoma receiving bevacizumab monotherapy and those receiving bevacizumab plus irinotecan combination therapy (B+I) by using a nationwide population-based dataset."
2526,brain tumour,39228159,Gut microbiota derived short-chain fatty acids in physiology and pathology: An update.,"Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are essential molecules produced by gut bacteria that fuel intestinal cells and may also influence overall health. An imbalance of SCFAs can result in various acute and chronic diseases, including diabetes, obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC). This review delves into the multifaceted roles of SCFAs, including a brief discussion on their source and various gut-residing bacteria. Primary techniques used for detection of SCFAs, including gas chromatography, high-performance gas chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance and capillary electrophoresis are also discussed through this article. This review study also compiles various synthesis pathways of SCFAs from diverse substrates such as sugar, acetone, ethanol and amino acids. The different pathways through which SCFAs enter cells for immune response regulation are also highlighted. A major emphasis is the discussion on diseases associated with SCFA dysregulation, such as anaemia, brain development, CRC, depression, obesity and diabetes. This includes exploring the relationship between SCFA levels across ethnicities and their connection with blood pressure and CRC. In conclusion, this review highlights the critical role of SCFAs in maintaining gut health and their implications in various diseases, emphasizing the need for further research on SCFA detection, synthesis and their potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Future studies of SCFAs will pave the way for the development of novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for optimizing gut health and preventing diseases associated with SCFA dysregulation."
2527,brain tumour,39228008,Concurrent ependymal and ganglionic differentiation in a subset of supratentorial neuroepithelial tumors with EWSR1-PLAGL1 rearrangement.,"Neuroepithelial tumors with fusion of PLAGL1 or amplification of PLAGL1/PLAGL2 have recently been described often with ependymoma-like or embryonal histology respectively. To further evaluate emerging entities with PLAG-family genetic alterations, the histologic, molecular, clinical, and imaging features are described for 8 clinical cases encountered at St. Jude (EWSR1-PLAGL1 fusion n = 6; PLAGL1 amplification n = 1; PLAGL2 amplification n = 1). A histologic feature observed on initial resection in a subset (4/6) of supratentorial neuroepithelial tumors with EWSR1-PLAGL1 rearrangement was the presence of concurrent ependymal and ganglionic differentiation. This ranged from prominent clusters of ganglion cells within ependymoma/subependymoma-like areas, to interspersed ganglion cells of low to moderate frequency among otherwise ependymal-like histology, or focal areas with a ganglion cell component. When present, the combination of ependymal-like and ganglionic features within a supratentorial neuroepithelial tumor may raise consideration for an EWSR1-PLAGL1 fusion, and prompt initiation of appropriate molecular testing such as RNA sequencing and methylation profiling. One of the EWSR1-PLAGL1 fusion cases showed subclonal INI1 loss in a region containing small clusters of rhabdoid/embryonal cells, and developed a prominent ganglion cell component on recurrence. As such, EWSR1-PLAGL1 neuroepithelial tumors are a tumor type in which acquired inactivation of SMARCB1 and development of AT/RT features may occur and lead to clinical progression. In contrast, the PLAGL2 and PLAGL1 amplified cases showed either embryonal histology or contained an embryonal component with a significant degree of desmin staining, which could also serve to raise consideration for a PLAG entity when present. Continued compilation of associated clinical data and histopathologic findings will be critical for understanding emerging entities with PLAG-family genetic alterations."
2528,brain tumour,39227950,The dual role of POSTN in maintaining glioblastoma stem cells and the immunosuppressive phenotype of microglia in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an immunosuppressive, universally lethal cancer driven by glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). The interplay between GSCs and immunosuppressive microglia plays crucial roles in promoting the malignant growth of GBM; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this crosstalk are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of POSTN in maintaining GSCs and the immunosuppressive phenotype of microglia."
2529,brain tumour,39227895,Chromosomal instability: a key driver in glioma pathogenesis and progression.,"Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a pivotal factor in gliomas, contributing to their complexity, progression, and therapeutic challenges. CIN, characterized by frequent genomic alterations during mitosis, leads to genetic abnormalities and impacts cellular functions. This instability results from various factors, including replication errors and toxic compounds. While CIN's role is well documented in cancers like ovarian cancer, its implications for gliomas are increasingly recognized. CIN influences glioma progression by affecting key oncological pathways, such as tumor suppressor genes (e.g., TP53), oncogenes (e.g., EGFR), and DNA repair mechanisms. It drives tumor evolution, promotes inflammatory signaling, and affects immune interactions, potentially leading to poor clinical outcomes and treatment resistance. This review examines CIN's impact on gliomas through a narrative approach, analyzing data from PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus. It highlights CIN's role across glioma subtypes, from adult glioblastomas and astrocytomas to pediatric oligodendrogliomas and astrocytomas. Key findings include CIN's effect on tumor heterogeneity and its potential as a biomarker for early detection and monitoring. Emerging therapies targeting CIN, such as those modulating tumor mutation burden and DNA damage response pathways, show promise but face challenges. The review underscores the need for integrated therapeutic strategies and improved bioinformatics tools like CINdex to advance understanding and treatment of gliomas. Future research should focus on combining CIN-targeted therapies with immune modulation and personalized medicine to enhance patient outcomes."
2530,brain tumour,39227889,Divergent effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in sepsis: a meta-analysis of experimental studies.,"Experimental studies in animals have yielded conflicting results on the role of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) in sepsis and endotoxemia, with some reporting adaptive and others inappropriate effects. A meta-analysis of the available literature was performed to determine the factors explaining this discrepancy."
2531,brain tumour,39227751,Skull bones harbour immune cells that are poised to target brain tumours.,No abstract found
2532,brain tumour,39227705,Acid-sensing ion channel 3 is a new potential therapeutic target for the control of glioblastoma cancer stem cells growth.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain cancer that, despite recent advances in the understanding of its pathogenesis, remains incurable. GBM contains a subpopulation of cells with stem cell-like properties called cancer stem cells (CSCs). Several studies have demonstrated that CSCs are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation thus representing important targets for novel anti-cancer therapies. Proton sensing receptors expressed by CSCs could represent important factors involved in the adaptation of tumours to the extracellular environment. Accordingly, the expression of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), proton-gated sodium channels mainly expressed in the neurons of peripheral (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS), has been demonstrated in several tumours and linked to an increase in cell migration and proliferation. In this paper we report that the ASIC3 isoform, usually absent in the CNS and present in the PNS, is enriched in human GBM CSCs while poorly expressed in the healthy human brain. We propose here a novel therapeutic strategy based on the pharmacological activation of ASIC3, which induces a significant GBM CSCs damage while being non-toxic for neurons. This approach might offer a promising and appealing new translational pathway for the treatment of glioblastoma."
2533,brain tumour,39227460,Metabolomic profile of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with diffuse gliomas.,"Diffuse gliomas are among the most common brain tumors in adults and are associated with a dismal prognosis, especially in patients with glioblastoma. To date, tumor tissue acquisition is mandatory for conclusive diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making. In this study, we aimed to identify possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood."
2534,brain tumour,39227254,Updates on Radiation Therapy for Pituitary Tumors: Techniques and Prognosis.,"Radiation therapy for the treatment of both functional and nonfunctional pituitary tumors for dogs and cats has been described in veterinary medicine with a recent shift in focus toward stereotactic techniques. While the technology required and normal tissue constraints for stereotactic procedures are more stringent, recent publications indicate that, while it helps alleviate clinical signs, the survival response may not be as durable as with conventionally fractionated radiation therapy in dogs, despite being seen in cats. Regardless of the protocol recommendation, potential benefit to the patient is excellent with manageable side effect profiles."
2535,brain tumour,39227253,Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Tumors.,"Transsphenoidal surgery for the treatment of pituitary masses in cats and dogs has become a more established treatment over the last 2 decades. Although expert centers and surgeons that provide this service remain limited, the patient population presented for pituitary surgery increases with wider availability of advanced imaging, together with more challenging cases. In this review, the current state of hypophysectomy is described with future challenges and opportunities."
2536,brain tumour,39227252,Introduction and Summary of Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Tumors in Dogs and Cats.,"Meningiomas are the most common tumor type in the brain in dogs and cats, and survival times are much higher for cats than dogs. Glioma is much more common in the dog, and median survival time is poor without definitive therapy. No recommendations currently exist for treatment of glioma in dogs, and there is ongoing research as the dog is a valid spontaneous model for the human equivalent disease. Other intracranial tumor types like lymphoma and histiocytic sarcoma do occur, though at a much lower frequency."
2537,brain tumour,39226675,PSMA PET improves characterization of dural-based intracranial lesions in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.,"Theranostic approaches combining prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-PET/CT or PET/MRI with PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy have improved clinical outcomes in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) especially metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer. Dural metastases in PCa are rare but can pose a diagnostic challenge, as meningiomas, a more common dural based lesions have been shown to express PSMA. The aim of this study is to compare PSMA PET parameters between brain lesions classified as dural metastases and meningiomas in prostate cancer patients."
2538,brain tumour,39226652,"Conversion of albumin into a BODIPY-like photosensitizer by a flick reaction, tumor accumulation and photodynamic therapy.","The accumulation of photosensitizers (PSs) in lesion sites but not in other organs is an important challenge for efficient image guiding in photodynamic therapy. Cancer cells are known to express a significant number of albumin-binding proteins that take up albumin as a nutrient source. Here, we converted albumin to a novel BODIPY-like PS by generating a tetrahedral boron environment via a flick reaction. The formed albumin PS has almost the same 3-dimensional structural feature as free albumin because binding occurs at Sudlow Site 1, which is located in the interior space of albumin. An i.v. injection experiment in tumor-bearing mice demonstrated that the human serum albumin PS effectively accumulated in cancer tissue and, more surprisingly, albumin PS accumulated much more in the cancer tissue than in the liver and kidneys. The albumin PS was effective at killing tumor cells through the generation of reactive oxygen species under light irradiation. The crystal structure of the albumin PS was fully elucidated by X-ray crystallography; thus, further tuning of the structure will lead to novel physicochemical properties of the albumin PS, suggesting its potential in biological and clinical applications."
2539,brain tumour,39226628,Evaluating an analytical prediction algorithm of positron emitter distributions in patient data for PET monitoring of carbon ion therapy: A simulation study.,"In vivo treatment monitoring in ion therapy is one of the key issues for improving the treatment quality assurance procedures. Range verification is one of the most relevant and yet complex task used for in vivo treatment monitoring. In carbon ion therapy, positron emission tomography is the most widely used method. This technique exploits the β"
2540,brain tumour,39226520,Neural Circuitries between the Brain and Peripheral Solid Tumors.,"The recent discovery of the pivotal role of the central nervous system in controlling tumor initiation and progression has opened a new field of research. Increasing evidence suggests a bidirectional interaction between the brain and tumors. The brain influences the biological behavior of tumor cells through complex neural networks involving the peripheral nervous system, the endocrine system, and the immune system, whereas tumors can establish local autonomic and sensory neural networks to transmit signals into the central nervous system, thereby affecting brain activity. This review aims to summarize the latest research in brain-tumor cross-talk, exploring neural circuitries between the brain and various peripheral solid tumors, analyzing the roles in tumor development and the related molecular mediators and pathologic mechanisms, and highlighting the critical impact on the understanding of cancer biology. Enhanced understanding of reciprocal communication between the brain and tumors will establish a solid theoretical basis for further research and could open avenues for repurposing psychiatric interventions in cancer treatment."
2541,brain tumour,39226460,"Clinical features, pathophysiology, and management of acute myelopathy following CAR T-cell therapy.","Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies, but it comes with unique toxicities, notably cytokine release syndrome and ICANS (immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome). As experience with CAR T-cell therapy grows, distinct and infrequent neurologic complications are becoming increasingly evident. Recently, reports of acute myelopathy after the administration of CAR T-cell therapies have been accumulating. Despite the establishment of consensus guidelines for managing ICANS, there remains limited guidance on the appropriate investigations and treatments for this rare complication. In this manuscript, we delve into the clinical features, pathophysiology, and strategies for the optimal management of acute myelitis after CAR T-cell therapy and draw insights from reported cases in the literature."
2542,brain tumour,39226418,Lymphedema of the Head and Neck-Where Do We Stand and Where We Are Headed.,"Great advancements have been made in the management of lymphedema of the extremities with lymphatic surgery. However, lymphedema of other regions, including head and neck, has remained neglected. Recent discovery of lymphatic system in the brain and the communication between intracranial and paracranial lymphatic systems has drawn attention to the head and neck lymphatics. Lymphedema of the head and neck region can result from inherent abnormality of the lymphatic system (primary) or be caused by accidental or iatrogenic injury to lymphatics (secondary). The head and neck contain a large network of lymphatic tissue. They may be affected by direct tumor infiltration, surgical resection of tumors and surrounding cancer tissue, and/or radiotherapy. Proper screening and counseling of patients before facial aesthetic procedures may avoid managing the distress of lymphedema postprocedure. Progression of head and neck lymphedema (HNL) can lead to chronic inflammatory, fibrosclerotic, and fibrofatty deposition, resulting in permanent deformity and disability. Patients may experience functional impairment, including skin changes, pain, range of motion limitations, contracture, dysphagia, dysarthria, dyspnea, and trismus, all leading to reduced quality of life. Despite these known disabilities, HNL is underdiagnosed due to a lack of awareness about this entity and of tools available for measuring internal or external swelling. The authors' article comprehensively reviews the current diagnostic methods and management strategies and what lies ahead."
2543,brain tumour,39226397,"A Phase II Study of Atezolizumab, Pertuzumab, and High-Dose Trastuzumab for Central Nervous System Metastases in Patients with HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.","Patients with HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases have few effective systemic therapy options. In a prior study, pertuzumab with high-dose trastuzumab demonstrated a high clinical benefit rate (CBR) in the central nervous system (CNS) in patients with brain metastases. The current trial evaluated whether the addition of atezolizumab to this regimen would produce further improvements in CNS response."
2544,brain tumour,39226363,Inhibition of colorectal cancer in Alzheimer's disease is mediated by gut microbiota via induction of inflammatory tolerance.,"Epidemiological studies have revealed an inverse relationship between the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to determine whether the incidence of CRC is reduced in AD-like mice and whether gut microbiota confers resistance to tumorigenesis through inducing inflammatory tolerance using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). AD-like mice experienced a significantly decreased incidence of CRC tumorigenesis induced by azoxymethane-dextran sodium sulfate as evidenced by suppressed intestinal inflammation compared with control mice. However, FMT from age-matched control mice reversed the inhibitory effects on the tumorigenesis of CRC and inflammatory response in AD-like mice. The key bacterial genera in gut microbiota, including "
2545,brain tumour,39226322,Phosphorylation of the DNA damage repair factor 53BP1 by ATM kinase controls neurodevelopmental programs in cortical brain organoids.,"53BP1 is a well-established DNA damage repair factor that has recently emerged to critically regulate gene expression for tumor suppression and neural development. However, its precise function and regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we showed that phosphorylation of 53BP1 at serine 25 by ATM is required for neural progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in cortical brain organoids. Dynamic phosphorylation of 53BP1-serine 25 controls 53BP1 target genes governing neuronal differentiation and function, cellular response to stress, and apoptosis. Mechanistically, ATM and RNF168 govern 53BP1's binding to gene loci to directly affect gene regulation, especially at genes for neuronal differentiation and maturation. 53BP1 serine 25 phosphorylation effectively impedes its binding to bivalent or H3K27me3-occupied promoters, especially at genes regulating H3K4 methylation, neuronal functions, and cell proliferation. Beyond 53BP1, ATM-dependent phosphorylation displays wide-ranging effects, regulating factors in neuronal differentiation, cytoskeleton, p53 regulation, as well as key signaling pathways such as ATM, BDNF, and WNT during cortical organoid differentiation. Together, our data suggest that the interplay between 53BP1 and ATM orchestrates essential genetic programs for cell morphogenesis, tissue organization, and developmental pathways crucial for human cortical development."
2546,brain tumour,39225956,The effect of depression and anxiety on survival in patients with glioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Depression and anxiety's impact on glioma patient survival lacks consensus. Understanding these effects can highlight the importance of identifying depression and anxiety in glioma patients, and inform future treatments. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to clarify the impact of depression and anxiety on glioma patient survival."
2547,brain tumour,39225924,"Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype with primarily leptomeningeal localization diagnosed by nanopore sequencing of cell-free DNA from cerebrospinal fluid.",No abstract found
2548,brain tumour,39225884,Rapid brain lymphoma diagnostics through nanopore sequencing of cytology-negative cerebrospinal fluid.,No abstract found
2549,brain tumour,39225815,Multicenter investigation of preoperative distinction between primary central nervous system lymphomas and glioblastomas through interpretable artificial intelligence models.,"Research into the effectiveness and applicability of deep learning, radiomics, and their integrated models based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for preoperative differentiation between Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) and Glioblastoma (GBM), along with an exploration of the interpretability of these models."
2550,brain tumour,39225727,Suprasellar teratoma to germinoma recurrence: implications for diagnosis and follow-up.,"Mature teratoma is a subtype of intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs), distinguished from malignant GCTs by its benign nature and excellent prognosis. Typically, no adjuvant therapy is recommended following gross total resection (GTR). We report a case of a prepubertal girl with a suprasellar mature teratoma that recurred as a germinoma 6 months post-GTR. A 7-year-old girl presented with headache and polydipsia. Imaging revealed a suprasellar mass. The patient underwent GTR, and pathological diagnosis confirmed a mature teratoma without other GCT components. Six months later, MRI identified a newly developed suprasellar mass adjacent to the optic chiasm. A second surgery confirmed the mass as a germinoma. The patient subsequently underwent adjuvant chemotherapy combined with proton therapy, resulting in complete remission. The diagnosis of mature teratoma must be approached with caution, and thorough follow-up is imperative, particularly in cases involving female patients, prepubertal age, or non-pineal locations."
2551,brain tumour,39225628,Integrated Microbiome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Hypothalamic-Comorbidities Related Signatures in Craniopharyngioma.,"Craniopharyngioma (CP) is an intracranial tumor with high mortality and morbidity. Though biologically benign, CP will damage the hypothalamus, inducing comorbidities such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cognitive impairments. The roles of gut microbiome and serum metabolome in CP-associated hypothalamic comorbidities are aimed to be explored. Patients with CP are characterized by increased Shannon diversity, Eubacterium, Clostridium, and Roseburia, alongside decreased Alistipes and Bacteroides. CP-enriched taxa are positively correlated with dyslipidemia and cognitive decline, while CP-depleted taxa are negatively associated with fatty liver. Subsequent serum metabolomics identified notably up-regulated purine metabolism, and integrative analysis indicated an association between altered microbiota and elevated hypoxanthine. Phenotypic study and multi-omics analysis in the Rax-CreER"
2552,brain tumour,39225585,Deep learning method for predicting weekly anatomical changes in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma during radiotherapy.,"Patients may undergo anatomical changes during radiotherapy, leading to an underdosing of the target or overdosing of the organs at risk (OARs)."
2553,brain tumour,39225222,Regulation and Crosstalk of Cells and Factors in the Pancreatic Cancer Microenvironment.,"Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant form of cancer that distinguishes itself from other gastrointestinal tumors through significant fibrosis and unique perineural invasion. These characteristics underscore the complexity of neural regulation within the pancreatic cancer Tumor Microenvironment (TME). This review aimed to explore the regulatory mechanisms and crosstalk among stromal cells and their factors within the pancreatic cancer microenvironment. We begin by reviewing the major components of the pancreatic cancer microenvironment, analyzing interactions among crucial cell types, such as Cancer-associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) and immune cells, and revealing the dynamic changes between tumor cells and surrounding nerves, immune, and stromal cells. We discuss the role of neural factors, including the Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), in the progression of pancreatic cancer and the mechanisms by which the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems regulate tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion. Interactions among stromal cells, cytokines, and neural factors in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment promote fibrosis and perineural invasion. A deeper understanding of the regulation and crosstalk among components in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment offers new perspectives for inhibiting fibrosis and perineural invasion in pancreatic cancer."
2554,brain tumour,39224753,Corrigendum: Selective inhibition of soluble tumor necrosis factor signaling reduces abdominal aortic aneurysm progression.,[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.942342.].
2555,brain tumour,39224747,A Rare Case of a Heterotopic Sacrococcygeal Glial Nodule.,"Heterotopic glial nodule is a rare congenital non-neoplastic lesion that is characterized by ectopic brain tissue. It has occasionally been reported to affect areas such as the nose and face. The report presents a rare case of sacrococcygeal heterotopic glial nodule. Although teratomas are the most common neoplasms in this region, clinicians and radiologists should consider heterotopic glial nodule as a differential diagnosis, despite rarity and nonspecific imaging findings. Histopathology plays a crucial role in diagnosis, which intensely stains with glial fibrillary acidic protein and S-100."
2556,brain tumour,39224720,Psychosocial Impact of Brain Tumors: A Cross-Sectional Study on Existential Anxiety in Saudi Arabian Patients.,"Background Existential anxiety is a significant concern for patients with life-threatening illnesses like brain tumors. This study explores the prevalence and impact of existential anxiety among brain tumor patients in Saudi Arabia, examining relationships between demographic, clinical, and psychological variables and death anxiety. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 120 brain tumor patients from inpatient and outpatient settings at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Fahad Hospital, and King Abdullah Medical Complex in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), and the 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12). Descriptive and inferential statistics analyzed the relationships between variables. Results Females exhibited significantly higher DAS scores (77.9 ± 14.2) compared to males (48.5 ± 19.4) (p < 0.001). Educational attainment was inversely related to DAS, with illiterate patients scoring highest (83 ± 13.5) and those with higher education scoring lowest (47.3 ± 18.2) (p < 0.001). Widowed patients had higher anxiety (68.5 ± 22.1) compared to married (51.4 ± 21.5) and single patients (50 ± 12) (p < 0.001). Monthly income showed an inverse relationship with DAS. Patients with chronic medical conditions reported lower DAS scores compared to those without (p = 0.004). The tumor stage significantly influenced DAS, with third-stage patients showing lower anxiety than those in the first and second stages (p < 0.001). Longer duration since diagnosis was associated with lower DAS scores (p = 0.03). Conclusion This study highlights the significant psychosocial impact of brain tumors on Saudi Arabian patients, emphasizing the need to address demographic factors in managing death anxiety. Findings indicate that chronic medical conditions and advanced tumor stages might be associated with lower anxiety, revealing potential resilience factors. The positive influence of spiritual well-being and meaning in life on quality of life underscores the importance of holistic care approaches. Integrating psychological and spiritual support tailored to individual patient demographics could enhance management strategies and improve patient outcomes. Future research should explore longitudinal changes in existential anxiety, the role of cultural factors, and the effectiveness of holistic interventions in reducing anxiety and improving quality of life."
2557,brain tumour,39224700,Pharmacological Assessment of Aqueous Ethanolic Extract of ,
2558,brain tumour,39224662,Clinical management of oligometastatic cancer: Applying multidisciplinary tumor board recommendations in practice.,"Multidisciplinary tumor boards (MDTs) are an integral part of ensuring high-quality, evidence-based and personalized cancer care. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the adherence to and implementation of MDT recommendations in patients with oligometastatic disease (OMD)."
2559,brain tumour,39224614,A case of primary osteosarcoma in the occipital bone: A relatively common tumor in an uncommon location.,"Osteosarcomas predominantly manifest in the long bones of the extremities, with rare occurrences in the skull. A case involving of a 53-year-old female who presented to the authors' hospital for examination due to dizziness was incidentally found to have an occipital bone mass, which was initially diagnosed as a benign tumor and did not receive sufficient attention. Two years later, owing to tumor enlargement, the patient underwent further evaluation at the same institution, which revealed evidence of occipital bone destruction. Pathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of osteosarcoma. The patient underwent surgical resection followed by radiotherapy. Despite its infrequency and uncharacteristic initial presentation, skull osteosarcomas should not be overlooked."
2560,brain tumour,39224363,Application of the bicharacteristic attention residual pyramid for the treatment of brain tumors.,"Currently, surgery remains the primary treatment for craniocerebral tumors. Before doctors perform surgeries, they need to determine the surgical plan according to the shape, location, and size of the tumor; however, various conditions of different patients make the tumor segmentation task challenging. To improve the accuracy of determining tumor shape and realizing edge segmentation, a U-shaped network combining a residual pyramid module and a dual feature attention module is proposed. The residual pyramid module can enlarge the receptive field, extract multiscale features, and fuse original information, which solves the problem caused by the feature pyramid pooling where the local information is not related to the remote information. In addition, the dual feature attention module is proposed to replace the skip connection in the original U-Net network, enrich the features, and improve the attention of the model to space and channel features with large amounts of information to be used for more accurate brain tumor segmentation. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, experiments were conducted on the public datasets Kaggle_3M and BraTS2021. Because the model proposed in this study is applicable to two-dimensional image segmentation, it is necessary to obtain the crosscutting images of fair class in the BraTS2021 dataset in advance. Results show that the model accuracy, Jaccard similarity coefficient, Dice similarity coefficient, and false negative rate (FNR) on the Kaggle_3M dataset are 0.9395, 0.8812, 0.8958, and 0.007, respectively. The model accuracy, Jaccard similarity coefficient, Dice similarity coefficient, and FNR on the BraTS2021 dataset were 0.9375, 0.9072, 0.8981, and 0.0087, respectively. Compared with existing algorithms, all the indicators of the proposed algorithm have been improved, but the proposed model still has certain limitations and has not been applied to actual clinical trials. For specific datasets, the generalization ability of the model needs to be further improved. In the future work, the model will be further improved to address the aforementioned limitations."
2561,brain tumour,39224312,Impaired energy metabolism and altered brain histoarchitecture characterized by inhibition of glycolysis and mitochondrial electron transport-linked enzymes in rats exposed to diisononyl phthalate.,"The brain is an energy demanding organ, constituting about 20 % of the body's resting metabolic rate. An efficient energy metabolism is critical to neuronal functions. Glucose serves as the primary essential energy source for the adult brain and plays a critical role in supporting neural growth and development. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as phthalates has been shown to have a negative impact on neurological functions. The impact of diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) on neural energy transduction using cellular energy metabolizing enzymes as indicators was examined. Over the course of 14 days, eighteen (18) albino rats divided into three groups (1,2 and 3) of six albino rats were given Tween-80/saline, 20 and 200 mg/kg body weight respectively. In the brain, we assessed histological changes as well as activities of selected enzymes of energy metabolism such as the glycolytic pathway, citric acid cycle and mitochondrial electron transport-linked complexes. Activities of the glycolytic and TCA cycle enzymes assayed were significantly decreased except citrate synthase activity with no statistically significant change following the administration of DiNP. Also, respiratory chain complexes (Complex I-IV) activities were significantly reduced when compared to control. DiNP exposure altered the histological integrity of various brain sections. These include degenerated Purkinje neurons, distortion of the granular layer and Purkinje cell layer. Data from this study indicated impaired brain energy metabolism via down-regulation of enzymes of cellular respiration of the glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation pathways and altered brain histoarchitecture orchestrated by DiNP exposure."
2562,brain tumour,39224262,Current knowledge of antisense long non-coding RNA in the occurrence and prognosis of skull base tumors.,"Antisense long non-coding RNA (AS-lncRNA) represents a novel class of RNA molecules. In recent years, it has been discovered that AS-lncRNAs play crucial roles in various biological processes, particularly in the onset and progression of tumors. Skull base tumors, originating from the base of the brain, exhibit specific expression patterns of AS-lncRNA which correlate significantly with clinical characteristics. This makes AS-lncRNA a promising candidate as a tumor marker. Functional studies have revealed that AS-lncRNAs can regulate gene expression by acting as miRNA sponges and interacting with RBPs. Consequently, they play pivotal roles in tumor cell cycle, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis processes. Further exploration into the mechanisms of AS-lncRNA in tumors holds substantial theoretical significance for deeper insights into the etiology, pathogenesis, and RNA dynamics of skull base tumors. Moreover, AS-lncRNA could serve as molecular markers or potential targets for early diagnosis. Their potential extends to efficacy assessment, prognosis prediction, and gene therapy, suggesting broad clinical applications. In summary, AS-lncRNA emerges as a promising molecular marker implicated in the onset and progression of skull base tumors."
2563,brain tumour,39223966,Successful desensitization to etoposide in a patient after cardiac arrest.,"Etoposide phosphate is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat various malignant neoplasms. Hypersensitivity reactions may occur with its use, and in rare cases, an anaphylactic reaction can manifest. Available options for patients experiencing hypersensitivity reactions include premedication, changing treatment, or undergoing desensitization. Various pediatric desensitization protocols have been described, ranging from six to fifteen steps, while published adult cases are rare."
2564,brain tumour,39223700,Cost of medical care for malignant brain tumors at hospitals in the Japan Clinical Oncology Group brain-tumor study group.,"This study aimed to investigate what treatment are selected for malignant brain tumors, particularly glioblastoma (GBM) and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), in real-world Japan and the costs involved."
2565,brain tumour,39223689,Single-cell and spatial sequencing identifies senescent and germinal tumor cells in adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas.,"Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) is a clinically aggressive tumor without effective treatment method. Previous studies proposed a paracrine tumorigenesis model, in which oncogenic β-catenin induces senescence in pituitary stem cells and the senescent cells lead the formation of paracrine tumors through secretion of pro-tumorigenic factors. However, there lacks characterization on senescent cells in ACPs. Here, we profiled 12 ACPs with single-cell RNA and TCR-sequencing to elucidate the cellular atlas in ACPs and 3 of them were also subject to spatial sequencing to localize different subpopulations of the tumor cells. In total, we obtained the transcriptome profiles of 70,682 cells. Tumor cells, which were unambiguously identified through the cellular mutation status of the driver CTNNB1 mutations, were clustered into 6 subsets. The whorl-like cluster (WC) cells show distinct molecular features from the other tumor cells and the palisading epithelium (PE) cells consists of a proliferating subset. Other than typical PE and WC, we identified two novel subpopulations of the tumor cells. In one subpopulation, the cells express a high level of cytokines, e.g., FDCSP and S100A8/A9, and are enriched with the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. Hematoxylin and eosin staining reveals that these SASP cells lack an ordered structures and their nuclei are elongated. In the other subpopulation, the cell sizes are small and they are tightly packed together with an unusual high density expressing a high level of mitochondrial genes (median 10.9%). These cells are the origin of the tumor developmental trajectories revealed by RNA velocity and pseudo-time analysis. Single-cell RNA and TCR analysis reveals that some ACPs are infiltrated with clonally expanded cytotoxic T cells. We propose a hypothesis that WC and PE are formed via different negative regulation mechanisms of the overactivated WNT/β-catenin signaling which provides a new understanding on the tumorigenesis of ACPs. The study lays a foundation for future studies on targeting senescent cells in ACPs with senolytic compounds or other therapeutic agents."
2566,brain tumour,39223589,Optimization and validation of echo times of point-resolved spectroscopy for cystathionine detection in gliomas.,"Cystathionine accumulates selectively in 1p/19q-codeleted gliomas, and can serve as a possible noninvasive biomarker. This study aims to optimize the echo time (TE) of point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) for cystathionine detection in gliomas, and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of PRESS for 1p/19q-codeletion identification."
2567,brain tumour,39223420,"Efficacy, safety, and impact of fluorescein in frameless stereotactic needle biopsies - a case series.","Stereotactic needle biopsy stands as a crucial method for diagnosing intracranial lesions unsuitable for surgical intervention. Nonetheless, the potential for sampling errors lead to innovative approaches to enhance diagnostic precision. This study contrasts the outcomes of patients undergoing fluorescein-assisted frameless stereotactic needle biopsy with those receiving traditional biopsies to evaluate the impact on diagnostic accuracy and safety. This study included patients with contrast-enhancing intracranial lesions, comprising a prospective group undergoing fluorescein-assisted biopsies and a retrospective group undergoing conventional biopsies at the same institution. We've collected data on demographics, procedural specifics, diagnostic outcomes, and postoperative events. A comparative analysis involved 43 patients who received fluorescein-assisted biopsies against 77 patients who underwent conventional biopsies. The average age was 60.5 years. The fluorescein group exhibited a 93% success rate in diagnosis, markedly higher than the 70.1% in the non-fluorescein group (OR = 5.67; 95%IC: 1.59-20.24; p < 0.01). The rate of complications was statistically similar across both cohorts. Despite its established value, stereotactic needle biopsy is susceptible to inaccuracies and complications. The application of fluorescence-based adjuncts like 5-ALA and fluorescein has been investigated to improve diagnostic fidelity and reduce risks. These technologies potentially minimize the necessity for multiple biopsies, decrease surgical duration, and provide immediate verification of tumor presence. Fluorescein-assisted stereotactic biopsy emerges as an effective, secure alternative to conventional methods."
2568,brain tumour,39223316,Epigenetic therapy potentiates transposable element transcription to create tumor-enriched antigens in glioblastoma cells.,"Inhibiting epigenetic modulators can transcriptionally reactivate transposable elements (TEs). These TE transcripts often generate unique peptides that can serve as immunogenic antigens for immunotherapy. Here, we ask whether TEs activated by epigenetic therapy could appreciably increase the antigen repertoire in glioblastoma, an aggressive brain cancer with low mutation and neoantigen burden. We treated patient-derived primary glioblastoma stem cell lines, an astrocyte cell line and primary fibroblast cell lines with epigenetic drugs, and identified treatment-induced, TE-derived transcripts that are preferentially expressed in cancer cells. We verified that these transcripts could produce human leukocyte antigen class I-presented antigens using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry pulldown experiments. Importantly, many TEs were also transcribed, even in proliferating nontumor cell lines, after epigenetic therapy, which suggests that targeted strategies like CRISPR-mediated activation could minimize potential side effects of activating unwanted genomic regions. The results highlight both the need for caution and the promise of future translational efforts in harnessing treatment-induced TE-derived antigens for targeted immunotherapy."
2569,brain tumour,39223314,Rathke's cleft cysts: from pathophysiology to management.,"Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs) are benign, non-neoplastic lesions located in the sellar and suprasellar regions of the brain, originating from remnants of Rathke's pouch, an embryonic precursor to the anterior pituitary gland. Although RCCs are frequently asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during imaging studies, they can present with a variety of symptoms, including headaches, visual disturbances, and endocrine dysfunction due to the compression of adjacent neural structures. The management of RCCs is particularly challenging, as the decision to pursue conservative monitoring or surgical intervention depends heavily on the cyst's size, growth potential, and the severity of symptoms. Transsphenoidal surgery is the primary treatment for symptomatic RCCs, offering effective relief from symptoms through decompression of the cyst. However, recurrence remains a significant issue, with rates reported up to 33%, prompting debates about the extent of cyst wall removal during surgery. Recent advancements in minimally invasive endoscopic techniques have improved surgical outcomes, yet the risk of postoperative complications such as hypopituitarism and cerebrospinal fluid leaks persists. Additionally, stereotactic radiosurgery has emerged as a potential alternative for patients with recurrent RCCs or those who are not suitable candidates for repeat surgery. Despite its promise, the long-term safety and efficacy of radiotherapy in RCC management require further investigation. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of RCCs, integrating the latest research and clinical guidelines to discuss pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management strategies, emphasizing the need for a personalized approach to treating this complex condition."
2570,brain tumour,39223159,A nomogram with Ki-67 in the prediction of postoperative recurrence and death for glioma.,"This study examined to evaluate the predictive value of a nomogram with Ki-67 in overall and disease-free survival in glioma patients, a total of 76 patients diagnosed with glioma by pathology in Tengzhou Central People's Hospital were enrolled. The baseline data and follow ups were retrospectively collected from medical records. The associations between Ki-67 and survival status were examined using log-rank test, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models. Calibrations were performed to validate the established nomograms. Ki-67 negative group showed of a longer OS survival time and a longer PFS survival time with log-rank test (x"
2571,brain tumour,39223133,An international study presenting a federated learning AI platform for pediatric brain tumors.,"While multiple factors impact disease, artificial intelligence (AI) studies in medicine often use small, non-diverse patient cohorts due to data sharing and privacy issues. Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a solution, enabling training across hospitals without direct data sharing. Here, we present FL-PedBrain, an FL platform for pediatric posterior fossa brain tumors, and evaluate its performance on a diverse, realistic, multi-center cohort. Pediatric brain tumors were targeted due to the scarcity of such datasets, even in tertiary care hospitals. Our platform orchestrates federated training for joint tumor classification and segmentation across 19 international sites. FL-PedBrain exhibits less than a 1.5% decrease in classification and a 3% reduction in segmentation performance compared to centralized data training. FL boosts segmentation performance by 20 to 30% on three external, out-of-network sites. Finally, we explore the sources of data heterogeneity and examine FL robustness in real-world scenarios with data imbalances."
2572,brain tumour,39223063,Biomarker-enhanced cardiovascular risk prediction in patients with cancer: a prospective cohort study.,"Continuously improving cancer-specific survival puts a growing proportion of cancer patients at risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), but tailored tools for cardiovascular risk prediction remain unavailable."
2573,brain tumour,39222847,Deep learning for contour quality assurance for RTOG 0933: In-silico evaluation.,To validate a CT-based deep learning (DL) hippocampal segmentation model trained on a single-institutional dataset and explore its utility for multi-institutional contour quality assurance (QA).
2574,brain tumour,39222623,The First Case of Lynch Syndrome-Associated Penile Cancer Harboring a Heterozygous PMS2 Frameshift Variant.,"Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare malignancy in men with poor survival in metastatic disease. Lynch syndrome (LS) is a cancer predisposition, autosomal-dominant, inherited disorder that arises from loss of function variants in mismatch repair genes."
2575,brain tumour,39222582,Herpes zoster in patients with glioma treated with temozolomide.,The risk of herpes zoster in patients treated with temozolomide is poorly defined in the literature. We aimed to evaluate the incidence of and risk factors for herpes zoster in individuals receiving temozolomide for glioma.
2576,brain tumour,39222565,2.5D deep learning based on multi-parameter MRI to differentiate primary lung cancer pathological subtypes in patients with brain metastases.,Brain metastases (BMs) represents a severe neurological complication stemming from cancers originating from various sources. It is a highly challenging clinical task to accurately distinguish the pathological subtypes of brain metastatic tumors from lung cancer (LC).The utility of 2.5-dimensional (2.5D) deep learning (DL) in distinguishing pathological subtypes of LC with BMs is yet to be determined.
2577,brain tumour,39222190,Endovascular surgical neuro-oncology: advancing a new subspecialty.,"Endovascular surgical neuro-oncology is a relatively new subspecialty which uses endovascular neuro-interventional techniques for the management of nervous system tumors and tumor-related vascular conditions. Although there are several endovascular procedures that are widely available as standard-of-care diagnostic and treatment adjuncts, there has been a renewed interest to explore endovascular approaches as a means for selective intra-arterial delivery of therapeutic agents to nervous system tumors, including methods for opening the blood brain and blood tumor barriers. In this review, we discuss the historical development of various forms of endovascular intra-arterial treatment for tumors over the past 40 years, summarize endovascular approaches that are currently being employed, and highlight current clinical trials."
2578,brain tumour,39222188,Clinical and imaging manifestations of intracerebral hemorrhage in brain tumors and metastatic lesions: a comprehensive overview.,This observational study aims to provide a detailed clinical and imaging characterization/workup of acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) due to either an underlying metastasis (mICH) or brain tumor (tICH) lesion.
2579,brain tumour,39222091,Psychosocial and executive functioning late effects in pediatric brain tumor survivors after proton radiation.,"Pediatric brain tumor survivors can experience detrimental effects from radiation treatment. This cross-sectional, large cohort study examined late psychosocial and executive functioning effects in pediatric patients treated ≥ 3 years after proton radiation therapy (PRT)."
2580,brain tumour,39221926,Medical and neurologic management of brain tumor patients.,This article discusses commonly encountered medical and neurological complications in patients with brain tumors and highlights recommendations for their management based on updated evidence.
2581,brain tumour,39221653,Feasibility study of computed high b-value diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for pediatric posterior fossa tumors.,To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of computed diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in pediatric posterior fossa tumors generated using high b-values.
2582,brain tumour,39221589,Prediction of early recurrence of adult-type diffuse gliomas following radiotherapy using multi-modal magnetic resonance images.,"Adult-type diffuse gliomas are among the central nervous system's most aggressive malignant primary neoplasms. Despite advancements in systemic therapies and technological improvements in radiation oncology treatment delivery, the survival outcome for these patients remains poor. Fast and accurate assessment of tumor response to oncologic treatments is crucial, as it can enable the early detection of recurrent or refractory gliomas, thereby allowing timely intervention with life-prolonging salvage therapies."
2583,brain tumour,39220995,Impact of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma on limbic system and its correlation with cognitive impairment.,To assess the quantitative gray matter volume of the limbic system in growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (GHPAs) patients and its correlation to cognitive function.
2584,brain tumour,39220871,Engineered nanoparticles for precise targeted drug delivery and enhanced therapeutic efficacy in cancer immunotherapy.,"The advent of cancer immunotherapy has imparted a transformative impact on cancer treatment paradigms by harnessing the power of the immune system. However, the challenge of practical and precise targeting of malignant cells persists. To address this, engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a promising solution for enhancing targeted drug delivery in immunotherapeutic interventions, owing to their small size, low immunogenicity, and ease of surface modification. This comprehensive review delves into contemporary research at the nexus of NP engineering and immunotherapy, encompassing an extensive spectrum of NP morphologies and strategies tailored toward optimizing tumor targeting and augmenting therapeutic effectiveness. Moreover, it underscores the mechanisms that NPs leverage to bypass the numerous obstacles encountered in immunotherapeutic regimens and probes into the combined potential of NPs when co-administered with both established and novel immunotherapeutic modalities. Finally, the review evaluates the existing limitations of NPs as drug delivery platforms in immunotherapy, which could shape the path for future advancements in this promising field."
2585,brain tumour,39220711,Identification of Rocaglate Acyl Sulfamides as Selective Inhibitors of Glioblastoma Stem Cells.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and frequently occurring type of malignant brain tumor in adults. The initiation, progression, and recurrence of malignant tumors are known to be driven by a small subpopulation of cells known as tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs). GBM CSCs play a pivotal role in orchestrating drug resistance and tumor relapse. As a prospective avenue for GBM intervention, the targeted suppression of GBM CSCs holds considerable promise. In this study, we found that rocaglates, compounds which are known to inhibit translation "
2586,brain tumour,39220250,Is pulsed saturation transfer sufficient for differentiating radiation necrosis from tumor progression in brain metastases?,"Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for the treatment of brain metastases delivers a high dose of radiation with excellent local control but comes with the risk of radiation necrosis (RN), which can be difficult to distinguish from tumor progression (TP). Magnetization transfer (MT) and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) are promising techniques for distinguishing RN from TP in brain metastases. Previous studies used a 2D continuous-wave (ie, block radiofrequency [RF] saturation) MT/CEST approach. The purpose of this study is to investigate a 3D pulsed saturation MT/CEST approach with perfusion MRI for distinguishing RN from TP in brain metastases."
2587,brain tumour,39220249,Frequent Alzheimer's disease neuropathological change in patients with glioblastoma.,"The incidence of brain cancer and neurodegenerative diseases is increasing with a demographic shift towards aging populations. Biological parallels have been observed between glioblastoma and Alzheimer's disease (AD), which converge on accelerated brain aging. Here, we aimed to map the cooccurrence of AD neuropathological change (ADNC) in the tumor-adjacent cortex of patients with glioblastoma."
2588,brain tumour,39220247,A human embryonic stem cell-based model reveals the cell of origin of FOXR2-activated CNS neuroblastoma.,"FOXR2-activated central nervous system (CNS) neuroblastoma (CNS NB-FOXR2) is a recently identified subtype of brain tumor characterized by the elevated expression of the transcription factor FOXR2 mainly due to genomic rearrangements. However, the precise pathogenic mechanisms, including the cell type of origin, remain elusive."
2589,brain tumour,39220243,Racial distribution of molecularly classified brain tumors.,"In many cancers, specific subtypes are more prevalent in specific racial backgrounds. However, little is known about the racial distribution of specific molecular types of brain tumors. Public data repositories lack data on many brain tumor subtypes as well as diagnostic annotation using the current World Health Organization classification. A better understanding of the prevalence of brain tumors in different racial backgrounds may provide insight into tumor predisposition and development, and improve prevention."
2590,brain tumour,39220080,Effects of fluid therapy combined with a preoperative glucose load regimen on postoperative recovery in patients with rectal cancer.,"Patients with rectal cancer undergoing radical resection often have poor postoperative recovery due to preoperative fasting and water deprivation and the removal of diseased tissue, and have a high risk of complications. Therefore, it is of great significance to apply appropriate rehydration regimens to patients undergoing radical resection of rectal cancer during the perioperative period to improve the postoperative outcomes of patients."
2591,brain tumour,39220048,Predicting peritumoral glioblastoma infiltration and subsequent recurrence using deep-learning-based analysis of multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary adult brain tumor. The standard treatment approach is surgical resection to target the enhancing tumor mass, followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. However, malignant cells often extend beyond the enhancing tumor boundaries and infiltrate the peritumoral edema. Traditional supervised machine learning techniques hold potential in predicting tumor infiltration extent but are hindered by the extensive resources needed to generate expertly delineated regions of interest (ROIs) for training models on tissue most and least likely to be infiltrated."
2592,brain tumour,39220031,Cross-domain additive learning of new knowledge rather than replacement.,"In medical clinical scenarios for reasons such as patient privacy, information protection and data migration, when domain adaptation is needed for real scenarios, the source-domain data is often inaccessible and only the pre-trained source model on the source-domain is available. Existing solutions for this type of problem tend to forget the rich task experience previously learned on the source domain after adapting, which means that the model simply overfits the target-domain data when adapting and does not learn robust features that facilitate real task decisions. We address this problem by exploring the particular application of source-free domain adaptation in medical image segmentation and propose a two-stage additive source-free adaptation framework. We generalize the domain-invariant features by constraining the core pathological structure and semantic consistency between different perspectives. And we reduce the segmentation generated by locating and filtering elements that may have errors through Monte-Carlo uncertainty estimation. We conduct comparison experiments with some other methods on a cross-device polyp segmentation and a cross-modal brain tumor segmentation dataset, the results in both the target and source domains verify that the proposed method can effectively solve the domain offset problem and the model retains its dominance on the source domain after learning new knowledge of the target domain.This work provides valuable exploration for achieving additive learning on the target and source domains in the absence of source data and offers new ideas and methods for adaptation research in the field of medical image segmentation."
2593,brain tumour,39220025,GT-Net: global transformer network for multiclass brain tumor classification using MR images.,"Multiclass classification of brain tumors from magnetic resonance (MR) images is challenging due to high inter-class similarities. To this end, convolution neural networks (CNN) have been widely adopted in recent studies. However, conventional CNN architectures fail to capture the small lesion patterns of brain tumors. To tackle this issue, in this paper, we propose a global transformer network dubbed GT-Net for multiclass brain tumor classification. The GT-Net mainly comprises a global transformer module (GTM), which is introduced on the top of a backbone network. A generalized self-attention block (GSB) is proposed to capture the feature inter-dependencies not only across spatial dimension but also channel dimension, thereby facilitating the extraction of the detailed tumor lesion information while ignoring less important information. Further, multiple GSB heads are used in GTM to leverage global feature dependencies. We evaluate our GT-Net on a benchmark dataset by adopting several backbone networks, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of GTM. Further, comparison with state-of-the-art methods validates the superiority of our model."
2594,brain tumour,39219528,Palliative Images in Marion Coutts's ,"This article explores the representation of terminal brain cancer in Marion Coutts's memoir The Iceberg (2014), on her husband's illness and death, and Marco Peano's autofiction L'invenzione della madre (The invention of the mother; 2015), about a son who cares for his mother during her final days. While addressing the medicalization of dying and the efficacy of palliative care, both texts engage pervasively with visual culture. This emphasis on the visual arts and cinema provides a thought-provoking commentary on the protagonists' experience of witnessing the gradual erosion of verbal expression in their dying loved ones. This essay will thus explore both the use of visual culture as palliative praxis and the authors' implicit considerations on the role of narrativity in dying."
2595,brain tumour,39219486,Assessment of multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging for glioma based on a deep learning reconstruction approach with the denoising method.,"Deep learning reconstruction (DLR) with denoising has been reported as potentially improving the image quality of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Multi-modal MRI is a critical non-invasive method for tumor detection, surgery planning, and prognosis assessment; however, the DLR on multi-modal glioma imaging has not been assessed."
2596,brain tumour,39219354,Recent trends in the design and delivery strategies of ruthenium complexes for breast cancer therapy.,"As the most frequent and deadly type of cancer in women, breast cancer has a high propensity to spread to the brain, bones, lymph nodes, and lungs. The discovery of cisplatin marked the beginning of the development of anticancer metal-based medications, although the drug's severe side effects have limited its usage in clinical settings. The remarkable antimetastatic and anticancer activity of different ruthenium complexes such as NAMI-A, KP1019, KP1339, "
2597,brain tumour,39219268,Routes and molecular mechanisms of central nervous system involvement in acute myeloid leukemia (Review).,"Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a predominant form of leukemia. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement complicates its diagnosis due to limited diagnostic tools, as well as its treatment due to inadequate therapeutic methodologies and poor prognosis. Furthermore, its incidence rate is unclear. The mechanisms of AML cell mobilization from the bone marrow (BM) to the CNS are not fully elucidated, and the molecular factors contributing to CNS infiltration are insufficiently recognized. The present review aimed to enhance the understanding of CNS involvement of AML and its impact on CNS. The latest research on the pathways and mechanisms facilitating AML cells to escape the BM and infiltrate the CNS was reviewed. Additionally, novel therapeutic strategies targeting specific molecules and genes for treating CNS involvement in AML were examined."
2598,brain tumour,39218906,Bilateral breast metastases from anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive lung cancer in a male: a case report.,"Distant metastases from lung cancer are commonly found in the brain, bone, and liver. Metastases to the breast from non-mammary malignancies are extremely rare, and their clinical presentations remain unclear."
2599,brain tumour,39218882,Radiogenomic profiling of global DNA methylation associated with molecular phenotypes and immune features in glioma.,The radiogenomic analysis has provided valuable imaging biomarkers with biological insights for gliomas. The radiogenomic markers for molecular profile such as DNA methylation remain to be uncovered to assist the molecular diagnosis and tumor treatment.
2600,brain tumour,39218855,Study protocol for Near-infrared molecular imaging for lung cancer detection and treatment during mini-invasive surgery (phase II Trial) - (the RECOGNISE study).,"To date, radical surgery remains the best curative option in patients with early-stage lung cancer. In patients with small lung lesions, video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) should be increasingly chosen as a fundamental alternative to thoracotomy as it is associated with less postoperative pain and better quality of life. This scenario necessarily increases the need for thoracic surgeons to implement new localization techniques. The conventional near-infrared (NIR) indocyanine green (ICG) method demonstrated a significant limitation in deep cancer recognition, principally due to its intrinsic low-depth tissue penetration. Similarly, the lymph-node sentinel approach conducted by the ICG method was demonstrated to be inefficient, mainly due to the non-specificity of the tracker and the irregular pathway of pulmonary lymph node drainage. Our study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Cetuximab- IRDye800CW in marking lung nodules and mediastinal lymph nodes."
2601,brain tumour,39218810,RNF122 promotes glioblastoma growth via the JAK2/STAT3/c-Myc signaling Axis.,The E3 ubiquitin ligase is well recognized as a significant contributor to glioblastoma (GBM) progression and has promise as a prospective therapeutic target. This study explores the contribution of E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF122 in the GBM progression and the related molecular mechanisms.
2602,brain tumour,39218781,The Conundrum of Mechanics Versus Genetics in Congenital Hydrocephalus and Its Implications for Fetal Therapy Approaches: A Scoping Review.,"Recent advances in gene therapy, particularly for single-gene disorders (SGDs), have led to significant progress in developing innovative precision medicine approaches that hold promise for treating conditions such as primary hydrocephalus (CH), which is characterized by increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes and cerebral ventricular dilation as a result of impaired brain development, often due to genetic causes. CH is a significant contributor to childhood morbidity and mortality and a driver of healthcare costs. In many cases, prenatal ultrasound can readily identify ventriculomegaly as early as 14-20 weeks of gestation, with severe cases showing poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. Postnatal surgical approaches, such as ventriculoperitoneal shunts, do not address the underlying genetic causes, have high complication rates, and result in a marginal improvement of neurocognitive deficits. Prenatal somatic cell gene therapy (PSCGT) promises a novel approach to conditions such as CH by targeting genetic mutations in utero, potentially improving long-term outcomes. To better understand the pathophysiology, genetic basis, and molecular pathomechanisms of CH, we conducted a scoping review of the literature that identified over 160 published genes linked to CH. Mutations in L1CAM, TRIM71, MPDZ, and CCDC88C play a critical role in neural stem cell development, subventricular zone architecture, and the maintenance of the neural stem cell niche, driving the development of CH. Early prenatal interventions targeting these genes could curb the development of the expected CH phenotype, improve neurodevelopmental outcomes, and possibly limit the need for surgical approaches. However, further research is needed to establish robust genotype-phenotype correlations and develop safe and effective PSCGT strategies for CH."
2603,brain tumour,39218720,Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics for prognosis prediction in glioma patients.,"The purpose of this study was to identify robust radiological features from intratumoral and peritumoral regions, evaluate MRI protocols, and machine learning methods for overall survival stratification of glioma patients, and explore the relationship between radiological features and the tumour microenvironment."
2604,brain tumour,39218694,Effectiveness of Nutrition Support Team Intervention in Pediatric Patients with Cancer.,"Malnutrition in children with cancer is associated with poor prognosis. This study aimed to determine whether nutritional support team (NST) interventions prevent adverse events and improve the nutritional status in pediatric patients admitted for cancer treatment. This was a historical cohort study of pediatric patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, neuroblastoma, or brain tumor who received chemotherapy or underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Patients admitted between June 2013 and October 2014 were classified into the intervention group. Those admitted between January 2011 and December 2012 were classified into the control group. We created a homogeneous probability model using the inverse probability of treatment weighting method, and compared outcomes. A total of 75 patients were included in the study (38 and 37 in the intervention and control groups, respectively). The intervention group had significantly fewer incidents of nothing by mouth (nil per os [NPO]) (p=0.037) and days of NPO (p=0.046) than the control group. There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups regarding the change in body mass index z-score between admission and discharge (p=0.376). NST interventions for children with cancer were associated with a reduction in the number of NPO occurrences and NPO days. These findings suggest that NST interventions contribute to continued oral intake."
2605,brain tumour,39218689,MYD88 mutation-positive indolent B-cell lymphoma with CNS involvement: Bing-Neel syndrome mimickers.,"MYD88 p.L265P mutation occurs in over 90% of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM), which is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) with monoclonal IgM. WM requires careful diagnosis due to overlapping features with other B-cell malignancies. Bing-Neel syndrome (BNS), a rare complication of WM, involves central nervous system (CNS) invasion. This report describes two cases of morphologically low-grade B-cell lymphoma in the bone marrow accompanied by the presence of a large B-cell lymphoma in the brain and a common MYD88 p.L265P mutation, which were eventually established as BNS mimickers. Although the two components in these cases showed the same identical light-chain restriction, different immunoglobulin heavy-chain rearrangement peaks indicated distinct lymphoma stem cells for CNS and bone marrow lesions. These clinical cases emphasize the challenges in diagnosing BNS. Based on the findings, biopsy is recommended for accurate identification of the clonal relationship and MYD88 mutation status."
2606,brain tumour,39218431,The 2022 WHO classification of tumors of the pituitary gland: An update on aggressive and metastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.,"The vast majority of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are benign and slow growing with a low relapse rate over many years after surgical resection. However, about 40% are locally invasive and may not be surgically cured, and about one percentage demonstrate an aggressive clinical behavior. Exceptionally, these aggressive tumors may metastasize outside the sellar region to the central nervous system and/or systemically. The 2017 (4th Edition) WHO Classification of Pituitary Tumors abandoned the terminology ""atypical adenoma"" for tumors previously considered to have potential for a more aggressive behavior since its prognostic value was not established. The 2022 (5th Edition) WHO Classification of the Pituitary Tumors emphasizes the concept that morphological features distinguish indolent tumors from locally aggressive ones, however, the proposed histological subtypes are not consistent with the real life clinical characteristics of patients with aggressive tumors/carcinomas. So far, no single clinical, radiological or histological parameter can determine the risk of growth or malignant progression. Novel promising molecular prognostic markers, such as mutations in ATRX, TP53, SF3B1, and epigenetic DNA modifications, will need to be verified in larger tumor cohorts. In this review, we provide a critical analysis of the WHO guidelines for prognostic stratification and diagnosis of aggressive and metastatic PitNETs. In addition, we discuss the new WHO recommendations for changing ICD-O and ICD-11 codes for PitNET tumor behavior from a neoplasm either ""benign"" or ""unspecified, borderline, or uncertain behavior"" to ""malignant"" neoplasm regardless of the clinical presentation, histopathological subtype, and tumor location. We encourage multidisciplinary initiatives for integrated clinical, histological and molecular classification, which would enable early recognition of these challenging tumors and initiation of more appropriate and aggressive treatments, ultimately improving the outcome."
2607,brain tumour,39218361,The potential of exosomes as a new therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) stands for the most common and aggressive type of brain tumour in adults. It is highly invasive, which explains its short rate of survival. Little is known about its risk factors, and current therapy is still ineffective. Hence, efforts are underway to develop novel and effective treatment approaches against this type of cancer. Exosomes are being explored as a promising strategy for conveying and delivering therapeutic cargo to GBM cells. They can fuse with the GBM cell membrane and, consequently, serve as delivery systems in this context. Due to their nanoscale size, exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which constitutes a significant hurdle to most chemotherapeutic drugs used against GBM. They can subsequently inhibit oncogenes, activate tumour suppressor genes, induce immune responses, and control cell growth. However, despite representing a promising tool for the treatment of GBM, further research and clinical studies regarding exosome biology, engineering, and clinical applications still need to be completed. Here, we sought to review the application of exosomes in the treatment of GBM through an in-depth analysis of the scientific and clinical studies on the entire process, from the isolation and purification of exosomes to their design and transformation into anti-oncogenic drug delivery systems. Surface modification of exosomes to enhance BBB penetration and GBM-cell targeting is also a topic of discussion."
2608,brain tumour,39218304,Breast cancer promotes the expression of neurotransmitter receptor related gene groups and image simulation of prognosis model.,"Breast cancer (BC), a prevalent and severe malignancy, detrimentally affects women globally. Its prognostic implications are profoundly influenced by gene expression patterns. This study retrieved 509 BCE-associated oncogenes and 1,012 neurotransmitter receptor-related genes from the GSEA and KEGG databases, intersecting to identify 98 relevant genes. Clinical and transcriptomic expression data related to BC were downloaded from the TCGA, and differential genes were identified based on an FDR value <0.05 & |log2FC| ≥ 0.585. Univariate analysis of these genes revealed that high expression of NSF and low expression of HRAS, KIF17, and RPS6KA1 are closely associated with BC survival prognosis. A prognostic model constructed for these four genes demonstrated significant prognostic relevance for BC-TCGA patients (P < 0.001). Subsequently, an immunofunctional analysis of the BC oncogene-neurotransmitter receptor-related gene cluster revealed the involvement of immune cells such as T cells CD8, T cells CD4 memory resting, and Macrophages M2. Further analysis indicated that immune functions were primarily concentrated in APC_co_inhibition, APC_co_stimulation, CCR, and Check-point, among others. Lastly, a prognostic nomogram model was established, and ROC curve analysis revealed that the nomogram is a vital indicator for assessing BC prognosis, with 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates of 0.981, 0.897, and 0.802, respectively. This model demonstrates high calibration, clinical utility, and predictive capability, promising to offer an effective preliminary tool for clinical diagnostics."
2609,brain tumour,39218233,Microglia depletion and repopulation do not alter the effects of cranial irradiation on hippocampal neurogenesis.,"Cranial radiotherapy can cause lifelong cognitive complications in childhood brain tumor survivors, and reduced hippocampal neurogenesis is hypothesized to contribute to this. Following irradiation (IR), microglia clear dead neural progenitors and give rise to a neuroinflammatory microenvironment, which promotes a switch in surviving progenitors from neuronal to glial differentiation. Recently, depletion and repopulation of microglia were shown to promote neurogenesis and ameliorate cognitive deficits in various brain injury models. In this study, we utilized the Cx3cr1"
2610,brain tumour,39217963,Discrepancy-based diffusion models for lesion detection in brain MRI.,"Diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) have exhibited significant effectiveness in computer vision tasks, particularly in image generation. However, their notable performance heavily relies on labelled datasets, which limits their application in medical images due to the associated high-cost annotations. Current DPM-related methods for lesion detection in medical imaging, which can be categorized into two distinct approaches, primarily rely on image-level annotations. The first approach, based on anomaly detection, involves learning reference healthy brain representations and identifying anomalies based on the difference in inference results. In contrast, the second approach, resembling a segmentation task, employs only the original brain multi-modalities as prior information for generating pixel-level annotations. In this paper, our proposed model - discrepancy distribution medical diffusion (DDMD) - for lesion detection in brain MRI introduces a novel framework by incorporating distinctive discrepancy features, deviating from the conventional direct reliance on image-level annotations or the original brain modalities. In our method, the inconsistency in image-level annotations is translated into distribution discrepancies among heterogeneous samples while preserving information within homogeneous samples. This property retains pixel-wise uncertainty and facilitates an implicit ensemble of segmentation, ultimately enhancing the overall detection performance. Thorough experiments conducted on the BRATS2020 benchmark dataset containing multimodal MRI scans for brain tumour detection demonstrate the great performance of our approach in comparison to state-of-the-art methods."
2611,brain tumour,39217852,Tumor perfusion enhancement by focus ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening to potentiate anti-PD-1 immunotherapy of glioma.,To demonstrate the feasibility of using focused ultrasound to enhance delivery of PD-1 inhibitors in glioma rats and determine if such an approach increases treatment efficacy.
2612,brain tumour,39217731,Ventricular cardiac hemangiosarcoma with brain metastases in a dog.,"An 11-year-old, female, spayed, soft-coated Wheaten terrier presented for acute onset of neurological signs. On presentation, neurological examination showed right thoracic and pelvic limb proprioceptive deficits, absent right menace reflex, and weak right nasal septum response. A left thalamocortical lesion was localized. On thoracic auscultation, an arrhythmia was noted, and electrocardiography showed frequent ventricular premature complexes and rare runs of ventricular tachycardia. Echocardiography identified an interventricular septal mass extending into the lumen of the left ventricle. Thalamocortical metastasis secondary to the cardiac mass was suspected to be the cause of the patient's neurological signs. Humane euthanasia was elected by the owner due to the patients clinical status and poor prognosis. A postmortem examination diagnosed hemangiosarcoma of the interventricular septum, the right ventricular free wall, and left ventricular free wall. The left ventricle adjacent to the paraconal groove showed myocardial necrosis and inflammation. Metastases to the brain and secondary intracranial hemorrhage were found which were suspected to be the cause of the antemortem neurological signs. Concurrent pulmonary and hepatic metastases were noted. This report describes a rare presentation of an intracardiac hemangiosarcoma of the interventricular septum, right ventricle, and left ventricle in a patient presenting with neurological signs."
2613,brain tumour,39217726,A comparative study of PEO-PBO content on the targeting and anti-glioma activity of annonaceous acetogenins-loaded nanomicelles.,"Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) have great potential in the treatment of gliomas, but are extremely insoluble and difficult for delivery in vivo. Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(butylene oxide) (PEO-PBO) is an amphiphilic polymer and can reduce the clearance of nanoparticles by mononuclear phagocyte system. To explore an efficient and safe nanomedicine for glioma, ACGs-loaded nanomicelles (ACGs/EB-NCs) was constructed using PEO-PBO as a carrier, and the effect of PEO-PBO content on the targeting and anti-glioma activity were also compared. ACGs/EB"
2614,brain tumour,39217635,A review of sonodynamic therapy for brain tumors.,"Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is gaining attention as a promising new noninvasive brain tumor treatment that targets and selectively kills tumor cells, with limited side effects. This review examines the mechanisms of SDT and ongoing clinical trials looking at optimization of sonication parameters for potential treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). The results in the first patient with recurrent GBM treated at the Mayo Clinic are briefly discussed."
2615,brain tumour,39217632,"MR-guided focused ultrasound in pediatric neurosurgery: current insights, technical challenges, and lessons learned from 45 treatments at Children's National Hospital.","MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is an evolving technology with numerous present and potential applications in pediatric neurosurgery. The aim of this study was to describe the use of MRgFUS, technical challenges, complications, and lessons learned at a single children's hospital."
2616,brain tumour,39217593,"From cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma to atrial myxoma, through nivolumab-induced hypophysitis: a complicated case report of Carney Complex.","Carney complex (CNC) is a rare, autosomal dominant syndrome, most commonly caused by PRKAR1A gene mutations and characterized by pigmented skin and mucosal changes with multiple endocrine and non-endocrine tumours. This case report highlights the diagnostic challenges associated with CNC in a patient with multiple neoplasms and a complex medical history, including cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma, breast cancer, melanoma, and atrial myxoma."
2617,brain tumour,39217585,Differentiation between multifocal CNS lymphoma and glioblastoma based on MRI criteria.,Differentiating between glioblastoma (GB) with multiple foci (mGB) and multifocal central nervous system lymphoma (mCNSL) can be challenging because these cancers share several features at first appearance on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study was to explore morphological differences in MRI findings for mGB versus mCNSL and to develop an interpretation algorithm with high diagnostic accuracy.
2618,brain tumour,39217365,"Longitudinal multiomics analysis of aggressive pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: comparing primary and recurrent tumors from the same patient, reveals genomic stability and heterogeneous transcriptomic profiles with alterations in metabolic pathways.","Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) represent the vast majority of sellar masses. Some behave aggressively, growing rapidly and invading surrounding tissues, with high rates of recurrence and resistance to therapy. Our aim was to establish patterns of genomic, transcriptomic and methylomic evolution throughout time in primary and recurrent tumors from the same patient. Therefore, we performed transcriptome- and exome-sequencing and methylome microarrays of aggressive, primary, and recurrent PitNET from the same patient. Primary and recurrent tumors showed a similar exome profile, potentially indicating a stable genome over time. In contrast, the transcriptome of primary and recurrent PitNET was dissimilar. Gonadotroph, silent corticotroph, as well as metastatic corticotroph and a somatotroph PitNET expressed genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism, phosphatidylinositol signaling, glycerophospholipid and phospholipase D signaling, respectively. Diacylglycerol kinase gamma (DGKG), a key enzyme in glycerophospholipid metabolism and phosphatidylinositol signaling pathways, was differentially expressed between primary and recurrent PitNET. These alterations did not seem to be regulated by DNA methylation, but rather by several transcription factors. Molecular docking showed that dasatinib, a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, could target DGKG. Dasatinib induced apoptosis and decreased proliferation in GH3 cells. Our data indicate that pituitary tumorigenesis could be driven by transcriptomically heterogeneous clones, and we describe alternative pharmacological therapies for aggressive and recurrent PitNET."
2619,brain tumour,39217332,Joint single-cell genetic and transcriptomic analysis reveal pre-malignant SCP-like subclones in human neuroblastoma.,"Neuroblastoma (NB) is a heterogeneous embryonal malignancy and the deadliest tumor of infancy. It is a complex disease that can result in diverse clinical outcomes. In some children, tumors regress spontaneously. Others respond well to existing treatments. But for the high-risk group, which constitutes approximately 40% of all patients, the prognosis remains dire despite collaborative efforts in basic and clinical research. While its exact cellular origin is still under debate, NB is assumed to arise from the neural crest cell lineage including multipotent Schwann cell precursors (SCPs), which differentiate into sympatho-adrenal cell states eventually producing chromaffin cells and sympathoblasts."
2620,brain tumour,39217081,Texture feature differentiation of glioblastoma and solitary brain metastases based on tumor and tumor-brain interface.,"Texture features, derived from both the entire tumor area and the region of the tumor-to-brain interface, are crucial indicators for distinguishing tumor types and their degrees of malignancy. However, the discriminative value of texture features from both regions for identifying glioblastomas and metastatic tumors has not been thoroughly explored. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a diagnostic model that combines texture features from the entire tumor area and a 10 mm tumor-to-brain interface region, in an attempt to identify more stable and effective texture features."
2621,brain tumour,39216721,Stealth Autoguide as Robotic Holder for Cranial Endoscopic Surgery: Technical Note and Proof of Concept.,"The Stealth Autoguide (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) is a robotic auto-targeting device for stereotactic brain biopsy, placement of stereoelectroencephalography electrodes, and laser ablation therapy. This paper evaluates its off-label application as robotic endoscope holder in transnasal and intraventricular neurosurgery. The potential to enhance stability, reduce manual adjustments, and improve surgical precision is discussed, alongside cost-effectiveness and feasibility."
2622,brain tumour,39216603,Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) pretreatment attenuates cell death in the hippocampus and cognitive dysfunction due to repeated isoflurane anesthesia in newborn rats.,"General anesthetics exposure, particularly prolonged or repeated exposure, is a crucial cause of neurological injuries. Notably, isoflurane (ISO), used in pediatric anesthesia practice, is toxic to the developing brain. The relatively weak antioxidant system at early ages needs antioxidant support to protect the brain against anesthesia. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO"
2623,brain tumour,39216363,PDGF-BB overexpression in p53 null oligodendrocyte progenitors increases H3K27me3 and induces transcriptional changes which favor proliferation.,"Proneural gliomas are brain tumors characterized by enrichment of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) transcripts and genetic alterations. In this study we sought to identify transcriptional and epigenetic differences between OPCs with Trp53 deletion and PDGF-BB overexpression (BB-p53n) and those carrying only p53 deletion (p53n). In culture, the BB-p53n OPCs display growth characteristics more similar to glioma cells than p53n OPCs. When injected in mouse brains, BB-p53n OPC form tumors, while the p53n OPCs do not. Unbiased histone proteomics and transcriptomic analysis on these OPC populations identified higher levels of the histone H3K27me3 mark and lower levels of the histone H4K20me3. The transcriptome of the BB-p53n OPCs was characterized by higher levels of transcripts related to proliferation and cell adhesion compared to p53n OPCs. Pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme responsible for histone H3K27 trimethylation (EZH2i) in BB-p53n OPCs, reduced cell cycle transcripts and increased the expression of differentiation markers, but was not sufficient to restore their growth characteristics. This suggests that PDGF-BB overexpression in p53n OPCs favors the early stages of transformation, by promoting proliferation and halting differentiation in a H3K27me3-dependent pathway, and favoring growth characteristics in a H3K27me3 independent manner."
2624,brain tumour,39216321,Comprehensive exploration on the role of base excision repair genes in modulating immune infiltration in low-grade glioma.,"Glioma is a brain tumour occurring in all age groups but common in adults. Despite advances in the understanding of tumours, we cannot improve the survival of the patients and do not have an appropriate biomarker for progression and prognosis prediction. The base excision repair mechanism maintains the integrity of the genome, preventing tumour formation. However, continuous chemical damage to the cells results in mutations that escape the repair mechanism and support tumour growth. The tumour microenvironment in cancer is crucial in determining the tumour growth, development, and response to treatments. The present study explored the significance of Base Excision Repair genes (BER) in modulating the tumour microenvironment."
2625,brain tumour,39216081,High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Angiography of Tumor Vasculatures with an Interlocking Contrast Agent.,"The comprehensive evaluation of tumor vasculature that is crucial for the development, expansion, and spread of cancer still remains a great challenge, especially the three-dimensional (3D) evaluation of vasculatures. In this study, we proposed a magnetic resonance (MR) angiography strategy with interlocking stratagem of zwitterionic Gd-chelate contrast agents (PAA-Gd) for continuous monitoring of tumor angiogenesis progression in 3D. Owing to the zwitterionic structure and nanoscale molecular diameter, the longitudinal molar relaxivity ("
2626,brain tumour,39216055,A Patient Diagnosed With Rare Central Neurocytoma: A Case Report.,No abstract found
2627,brain tumour,39216050,Prolactin Secreting Pituitary Carcinoma and the Role of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy: A Brief Report.,"Pituitary carcinoma is a rare entity comprising 0.1-0.2% of all pituitary tumors and presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Intraspinal drop metastasis in these tumors is even rarer. We report a case of a prolactin secreting pituitary carcinoma with intracranial metastasis and multiple intraspinal drop metastasis. This is the first case where 68Gallium labelled [1,4,7,10 - tetraazacyclododecane - 1,4,7,10 - tetraacetic acid] -1- NaI3 - octreotide (68Ga-DOTANOC) whole-body positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) has been used in a case of malignant prolactinoma, in an attempt to ascertain the somatostatin receptor (SSTR) expression on tumor cells. Through this paper, we suggest that SSTR targeted radionuclide therapy could have a potential role in aggressive pituitary tumors and pituitary carcinomas similar to the promising role of lutetium-labelled peptides in inoperable or metastasized gastroentero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs)."
2628,brain tumour,39216046,Posterior Fossa Craniopharyngioma Arising from the Inferior Medullary Velum.,"We report the case of a 63-year-old man with a midline posterior fossa tumor and peculiar imaging features where we were unsure of the nature of the lesion preoperatively. Histopathology revealed it to be a craniopharyngioma. It appeared to arise from the inferior medullary velum, a site not described before in the literature. The previous four cases mentioned in literature and speculations on the origins in this uncommon site are discussed."
2629,brain tumour,39216044,Alternative Splicing in Glioblastoma and its Clinical Implication in Outcome Prediction.,"Alternative splicing (AS) offers an important mechanism to form protein polymorphism. A growing body of evidence indicates the correlation between splicing abnormality and carcinoma. Nevertheless, an overall analysis of AS signatures in glioblastoma (GBM) is absent and urgently needed."
2630,brain tumour,39216042,Identification and Prognostic Value of m6A-Related Genes in Glioblastoma.,"N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most common forms of mRNA modification, which is dynamically regulated by the m6A-related genes; however, its effect in glioblastoma (GBM) is still unknown."
2631,brain tumour,39216033,A Radiomics Model for the Differentiation of Intracranial Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma and Meningioma Based on Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging.,"Although the imaging findings of intracranial solitary fibrous tumor (SFT)/hemangiopericytoma (HPC) and meningioma are similar, their treatment and prognosis are quite different. Accurate preoperative identification of these two types of tumors is crucial for individualized treatment."
2632,brain tumour,39216029,Potential and Pitfalls of Postoperative Volumetric Assessment of Extent of Resection in High-Grade Glioma in Resource-Constrained Settings.,"While literature suggests the need for routine postoperative volumetric estimation of the EOR and residual tumour volume (RTV) in all cases of gliomas, the utility and feasibility of this protocol in resource-constrained centers remain underinvestigated."
2633,brain tumour,39216028,Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Sporadic Optic Chiasmatic-Hypothalamic Gliomas and Correlation with Histopathology and BRAF Gene Alterations.,"Sporadic optic chiasmatic-hypothalamic gliomas (OCHGs), though histologically low-grade tumors, manifest as aggressive neoplasms radiologically, leading to difficulty in diagnosis. Molecular alterations of the BRAF gene are detectable in a majority of sporadic OCHGs. The purpose of our study was to elucidate the characteristic imaging features of sporadic OCHGs and to investigate whether imaging phenotypes could potentially correlate with specific BRAF gene alterations associated with these tumors."
2634,brain tumour,39216021,The Clinicopathological Features of the Solitary Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma: A Systematic Review.,"Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA), a circumscribed grade I glioma, is typically associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). However, ""solitary SEGA"" has been described. We performed a systematic review of available case reports and case series of solitary SEGA. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was used with the following MeSH terms: ""Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma,"" ""Sporadic,"" ""Absence,"" ""Non-associated,"" ""Solitary,"" and ""Tuberous Sclerosis."" Data sources included PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane from 1979 to June 29, 2023. Of the 546 studies, 20 met the inclusion criteria. Fifty-nine cases were analyzed. The mean age was 19 years (range 4-75), with 29 women (49.1%). Tumor ranged in size from 0.8 to 5.8 cm. Headache was the most frequent initial symptom (75.6%). The lateral ventricles near the foramen of Monro were the most common location (66.10%). Tumors expressed neuroglial (n = 19) or only glial (n = 20) markers. In nine of 59 cases, genetic studies ruled out germinal TSC1/2 mutations; in 13 cases (22.03%), somatic mutations in those genes were identified. ""Solitary SEGAs"" included tumors with neuroglial profile and classic morphological pattern, and tumors with only glial markers. It is necessary to confirm in SEGA-like tumors, the dual nature with at least glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilaments, and synaptophysin antibodies. Screening for TSC1/2 mutations, and probably of the NF type 1 gene, is recommended for both germline and somatic mutations. Long-term clinical follow-up is necessary to analyze biological behavior and compare it with genetic and molecular profiles."
2635,brain tumour,39216020,A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effectiveness of Radiotherapy and Temozolomide Treatment With or Without Bevacizumab in Patients With Glioblastoma Multiforme.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent primary brain malignancy in adults. Despite improvements in imaging and therapy, the prognosis remains poor. To evaluate and compare the impact of combining bevacizumab with temozolomide and radiotherapy on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients diagnosed with GBM. A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library, covering the period from their inception to December 2022. The collected data underwent analysis employing appropriate statistical methods. Six articles were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The addition of bevacizumab to the combination of temozolomide/radiotherapy did not increase the OS in GBM patients. The pooled odds ratio (OR) was 0.843 (95% CI: 0.615-1.156, P = 0.290). The addition of bevacizumab to radiotherapy/temozolomide did not increase the PFS in patients with GBM. The pooled OR was 0.829 (95% CI: 0.561-1.224, P = 0.346). The funnel plot demonstrated the absence of the alleged pleiotropic effects by showing no evidence of observable variability across the estimations. This study does not support the benefit of the addition of bevacizumab to temozolomide and radiotherapy in improving OS and PFS in GBM patients."
2636,brain tumour,39216019,Radiogenomics In Neuro-Oncology: A Noninvasive Way of Understanding Tumor Biology.,No abstract found
2637,brain tumour,39216001,The transcription regulator ID3 maintains tumor-specific memory CD8,"During tumorigenesis, the recently identified tumor-specific memory T cells in draining lymph nodes (TdLN-T"
2638,brain tumour,39215902,Double-hit primary central nervous system lymphoma with histogenetically proven bone marrow infiltration: a case report and a review of the literature.,"Double-hit lymphoma (DHL) formerly referred to high-grade B-cell lymphoma with concurrent MYC and BCL2 or BCL6 rearrangements, however, the updated 2022 World Health Organization Classification (5th edition online) excludes those with MYC and BCL 6 rearrangements from the high-grade category. DHL confined to the central nervous system (CNS), known as double-hit primary CNS lymphoma (DH-PCNSL), is rare with poorly understood clinical features. Here, we report a case of a 64-year-old man with multiple brain tumors diagnosed with DH-PCNSL who showed bone marrow (BM) infiltration early in the clinical course. The histological diagnosis was high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL6 rearrangements. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) revealed no abnormal accumulation except in the CNS. The patient received whole-brain radiotherapy following the failure of high-dose methotrexate. After completion of radiotherapy, the patient developed thrombocytopenia, and BM biopsy showed infiltration of DHL cells, which were not detected by repeated FDG-PET. This is the first report of DH-PCNSL where identical gene rearrangements were confirmed in both the resected CNS tumor and BM tissue. Patients with DH-PCNSL require careful follow-up because they may be at a potential risk of BM infiltration, which may be undetectable by FDG-PET, particularly early in the disease course."
2639,brain tumour,39215815,Study of symptom clusters in brain tumor patients 2 weeks after craniotomy.,This study aimed to identify potential symptom clusters among primary brain tumor patients using factor analysis. Understanding these clusters enables better-targeted interventions post-craniotomy.
2640,brain tumour,39215810,"Incidental brain tumor findings in children: prevalence, natural history, management, controversies, challenges, and dilemmas.","Incidental brain tumor findings in children involve the unexpected discovery of brain lesions during imaging for unrelated reasons. These findings differ significantly from those in adults, requiring a focus on pediatric-specific approaches in neurosurgery, neuroimaging, and neuro-oncology. Understanding the prevalence, progression, and management of these incidentalomas is crucial for informed decision-making, balancing patient welfare with the risks and benefits of intervention. Incidental brain tumors are observed in about 0.04-5.7% of cases, with most suspected low-grade lesions in children showing a benign course, though up to 3% may undergo malignant transformation. Treatment decisions are influenced by factors such as patient age, tumor characteristics, and family anxiety, with conservative management through surveillance often preferred. However, upfront surgery may be considered in cases with low surgical risk. Initial follow-up typically involves a comprehensive MRI after three months, with subsequent scans spaced out if the lesion remains stable. Changes in imaging or symptoms during follow-up could indicate malignant transformation, prompting consideration of surgery or biopsy. Several challenges and controversies persist, including the role of upfront biopsy for molecular profiling, the use of advanced imaging techniques like PET-CT and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the implications of the child's age at diagnosis. These issues highlight the need for further research to guide management and improve outcomes in pediatric patients with incidental brain tumor findings."
2641,brain tumour,39215803,Postsurgical motor function and processing speed as predictors of quality of life in patients with chronic-phase glioblastoma.,"Patients with glioblastomas (GBMs) have poor prognosis despite various treatments; therefore, attention should be paid to maintaining the quality of survival. Neurocognitive deficits can affect the quality of life (QOL) in patients with GBM. Most studies concerning QOL and neurocognitive functions have demonstrated a relationship between QOL and self-reported neurocognitive decline, although this method does not accurately reflect damaged functional domains. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the neurocognitive functions that influence the QOL in patients with GBMs using an objective assessment of neurocognitive functions."
2642,brain tumour,39215664,Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is critical for the tumorigenesis of choroid plexus.,Choroid plexus (ChP) is the secretory epithelial structure located in brain ventricles. Choroid plexus tumors (CPTs) are rare neoplasms predominantly occurring in young patients with intensified malignancy in children. CPT treatment is hindered by insufficient knowledge of the tumor pathology and limited availability of valid models.
2643,brain tumour,39211690,Plexiform Neurofibroma: A Case Report.,"Neurofibromatosis is a group of genetic disorders that primarily impact the growth of neural tissues, leading to multiple tumors on nerve tissues in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. As an autosomal dominant condition, it involves mutations in the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) tumor-suppressor gene, inherited in a recessive manner. Plexiform neurofibroma is a rare manifestation. It is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor that grows beneath the skin or deeper within tissues without clear boundaries. The diverse presentations of NF1 necessitate careful, personalized medical management to address the disorder's effects on various organs. Due to its progressive nature, early diagnosis is crucial to prevent complications. Comprehensive care, including psychological support and long-term monitoring, is essential for enhancing the quality of life of NF1 patients. By adopting a proactive and holistic approach, healthcare providers can better assist patients in managing this complex condition."
2644,brain tumour,39211535,A Case of Spinal Cavernous Hemangioma with Rapidly Worsening Neurological Symptoms after COVID-19 Infection.,": COVID-19 can cause respiratory symptoms, as well as various complications and sequelae. This report describes a patient with worsening neurological symptoms caused by a spinal cavernous hemangioma after infection with COVID-19. Cavernous hemangioma usually occurs in the upper part of the brain (70%-90%) and rarely occurs in the spinal cord (5%-7%). Approximately 65% of cases of intramedullary spinal cavernous hemangioma present with neurological symptoms, and more than half of these cases show a slow worsening of symptoms. This is a rare case of intramedullary spinal cavernous hemangioma with cysto-rectal involvement in which neurological symptoms rapidly worsened following COVID-19 infection."
2645,brain tumour,39215581,Epigenetic Regulation of RNF135 by LSD1 Promotes Stemness Maintenance and Brain Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinoma.,"RING finger protein 135 (RNF135) is identified as a regulator in certain cancer types. However, its role and molecular mechanisms in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are still unclear. Herein, we investigated the level of RNF135 in tumor tissues of LUAD patients using the UALCAN database and confirmed the data by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. The effects of RNF135 on stemness maintenance and migration/invasion capability of LUAD cells were investigated by sphere formation, flow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell assay. Limiting dilution xenograft assay and intracardiac injection of LUAD cells were applied to assess the implications of RNF135 in tumorigenesis and brain metastasis. Our results revealed that RNF135 was upregulated in tumor tissues of LUAD patients and was positively correlated with poor prognosis. Knockdown of RNF135 suppressed cancer stem cells (CSCs)-like properties, and migration/invasion capability of A549 and NCI-H1975 cells. Conversely, overexpression of RNF135 augmented CSCs-like traits and migration/invasion ability of LUAD cells. Limiting dilution xenograft assay demonstrated that RNF135 was required for the self-renewal of CSCs to initiate LUAD development. Overexpression of RNF135 in A549 cells increased their ability to metastasize to the brain in vivo. Mechanistically, the transcriptional activation of RNF135 by LSD1 involved H3K9me2 demethylation at the promoter region of RNF135. Reexpression of RNF135 in LSD1-silenced A549 cells was able to reverse LSD1-mediated stemness maintenance and migration/invasion capability. Overall, our results implied that targeting of LSD1/RNF135 axis might be a feasible method to suppress tumorigenesis and brain metastasis of LUAD patients."
2646,brain tumour,39215422,Clinical improvement of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma treated with radiation therapy concurrent with temozolomide: A case report.,"Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a highly aggressive paediatric brain tumour and nowadays has not had satisfactory result, with most patients do not survive within 1 year of diagnosis. Due to its proximity to critical organs, surgery is avoided, and radiation is the mainstay of treatment. In this case report, we present a case of DIPG treated with radiation and concurrent temozolomide. A 7- year-old child was admitted with complaints of weakness in the eyelid, upper and lower limbs 2 months ago. Physical examination showed tetra paresis and bilateral cranial nerve palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed intracranial tumour consistent with DIPG. Diagnosis was made based on imaging as surgery or biopsy can lead to further morbidity. The patient underwent radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy of temozolomide. Radiation was given by dose of 54 Gy/30 fractions (30 × 1.8 Gy) with volumetric arc therapy (VMAT). Due to technical issue after the first five irradiations resulting in 2 weeks delay, boosting of dose by 5 × 1.8 Gy was then given, hence, the total dose was 63 Gy. The booster only targeted the gross tumour volume. Following radiation, the patient felt clinical improvement. Eyelid and limb movement improved since the 15th fraction. At the last fraction, the patient's condition improved symptomatically, but experienced complaints related to post radiation oedema including dizziness and nausea. These complaints were improved upon steroids administration. The MRI evaluation will be done after 8 to 12 weeks of radiation, considering the effects of acute radiation could still occur at this period. In conclusion, a combination of radiotherapy and temozolomide could be an option for DIPG management, with tolerable acute toxicity and possible clinical improvements."
2647,brain tumour,39215399,Immunotherapeutic advances in glioma management: The rise of vaccine-based approaches.,"Gliomas, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are highly aggressive brain tumors that present significant challenges in oncology due to their rapid progression and resistance to conventional therapies. Despite advancements in treatment, the prognosis for patients with GBM remains poor, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic approaches. One such emerging strategy is the development of glioma vaccines, which aim to stimulate the immune system to target and destroy tumor cells."
2648,brain tumour,39215224,Isolated primary CNS lymphoma after liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis: a case report.,"Post-transplantation primary central nervous system lymphoma (PT-PCNSL) is a rare neoplasm that occurs in immunocompromised patients. It can manifest months or years after transplantation, presenting with various neurological symptoms. A 64-year-old woman, who had received a liver transplant due to autoimmune hepatitis, presented with generalized weakness, headache, and confusion. Further investigation revealed multiple ring-enhancing lesions in the right frontal and temporoparietal regions on brain MRI. A brain biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of PT-PCNSL. This case underscores the importance of considering PT-PCNSL in the differential diagnosis of contrast-enhancing brain lesions in post-transplant patients. Timely recognition of PT-PCNSL is crucial for appropriate management and improved outcomes. To the best of our knowledge, this report describes the first instance of isolated CNS lymphoma in a liver transplant recipient, due to autoimmune hepatitis, successfully brought to complete remission with a rituximab-methotrexate regimen."
2649,brain tumour,39215175,A new zebrafish model of SHH medulloblastoma.,No abstract found
2650,brain tumour,39215105,Stanniocalcin-1 promotes temozolomide resistance of glioblastoma through regulation of MGMT.,"Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance is a major challenge in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). Tumour reproductive cells (TRCs) have been implicated in the development of chemotherapy resistance. By culturing DBTRG cells in three-dimensional soft fibrin gels to enrich GBM TRCs and performing RNA-seq analysis, the expression of stanniocalcin-1 (STC), a gene encoding a secreted glycoprotein, was found to be upregulated in TRCs. Meanwhile, the viability of TMZ-treated TRC cells was significantly higher than that of TMZ-treated 2D cells. Analysis of clinical data from CGGA (Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas) database showed that high expression of STC1 was closely associated with poor prognosis, glioma grade and resistance to TMZ treatment, suggesting that STC1 may be involved in TMZ drug resistance. The expression of STC1 in tissues and cells was examined, as well as the effect of STC1 on GBM cell proliferation and TMZ-induced DNA damage. The results showed that overexpression of STC1 promoted and knockdown of STC1 inhibited TMZ-induced DNA damage. These results were validated in an intracranial tumour model. These data revealed that STC1 exerts regulatory functions on MGMT expression in GBM, and provides a rationale for targeting STC1 to overcome TMZ resistance."
2651,brain tumour,39214716,Risk factors for imaging abnormalities in patients with dizziness complaints: an algorithm for ordering brain imaging.,The diagnostic detection of abnormal findings with head imaging is low for dizziness. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with abnormal computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings for patients with dizziness.
2652,brain tumour,39214651,NKG2C/,"Activating and inhibitory receptors of natural killer (NK) cells such as NKp, NKG2, or CLEC are highly relevant to cold tumors including glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we aimed to characterize the expression of these receptors in GBM to gain insight into their potential role as modulators of the intratumoral microenvironment."
2653,brain tumour,39214293,Smartphone Applications for Remote Monitoring of Patients After Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery: A Narrative Review of Emerging Technologies.,"Almost all postoperative assessments for pituitary patients are performed in clinical settings under the supervision of medical providers. With the emergence of telemedicine, however, there are opportunities to monitor these patients remotely. The potential for use of such technologies is inconsistently described in the brain tumor literature, especially for patients with pituitary adenomas."
2654,brain tumour,39214291,Caregivers' Perspective and Burden of the End-of-Life Phase of Patients with Glioblastoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.,"Glioblastoma is the most common aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Changes in cognition, personality, and behavior of patients as well as side effects of treatments cause unique challenges for providing care and may impact caregiver burden in different ways."
2655,brain tumour,39214286,GBM immunotherapy: Exploring molecular and clinical frontiers.,"GBM is the most common, aggressive, and intracranial primary brain tumor; it originates from the glial progenitor cells, has poor overall survival (OS), and has limited treatment options. In this decade, GBM immunotherapy is in trend and preferred over several conventional therapies, due to their better patient survival outcome. This review explores the clinical trials of several immunotherapeutic approaches (immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs), CAR T-cell therapy, cancer vaccines, and adoptive cell therapy) with their efficacy and safety. Despite significant progress, several challenges (viz., immunosuppressive microenvironment, heterogeneity, and blood-brain barrier (BBB)) were experienced that hamper their immunotherapeutic potential. Furthermore, these challenges were clinically studied to be resolved by multiple combinatorial approaches, discussed in the later part of the review. Thus, this review suggests the clinical use and potential of immunotherapy in GBM and provides the holistic recent knowledge and future perspectives."
2656,brain tumour,39214122,Multimodal radiomics-based methods using deep learning for prediction of brain metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer with,
2657,brain tumour,39214115,Translating the theranostic concept to neuro-oncology: disrupting barriers.,"Theranostics integrate molecular imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy for personalised cancer therapy. Theranostic treatments have shown meaningful efficacy in randomised clinical trials and are approved for clinical use in prostate cancer and neuroendocrine tumours. Brain tumours represent an unmet clinical need and theranostics might offer effective treatment options, although specific issues need to be considered for clinical development. In this Policy Review, we discuss opportunities and challenges of developing targeted radionuclide therapies for the treatment of brain tumours including glioma, meningioma, and brain metastasis. The rational choice of molecular treatment targets is highlighted, including the potential relevance of different types of targeted radionuclide therapeutics, and the role of the blood-brain barrier and blood-tumour barrier. Furthermore, we discuss considerations for effective clinical trial design and conduct, as well as logistical and regulatory challenges for implementation of radionuclide therapies into neuro-oncological practice. Rational development will foster successful translation of the theranostic concept to brain tumours."
2658,brain tumour,39214114,Defining the quality of interdisciplinary care for patients with brain metastases: modified Delphi panel recommendations.,"The value of interdisciplinary teams in improving outcomes and quality of care of patients with brain metastases remains uncertain, partly due to the lack of consensus on key indicators to evaluate interprofessional care. We aimed to obtain expert consensus across disciplines on indicators that evaluate the quality and value of brain metastases care. A steering committee of key opinion leaders curated relevant outcomes and process indicators from a literature review and a stakeholder needs assessment, and an international panel of physicians rated the outcomes and process indicators using a modified Delphi method. After three rounds, a consensus was reached on 29 indicators encompassing brain-directed oncological treatment, surgery, whole-brain radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, supportive or palliative care, and interdisciplinary team care. The Brain Metastases Quality-of-Care measure reflects the value and quality of brain metastases team-based care according to treatment modality and provides a benchmark of care for this under-studied patient population. The adoption, implementation, and sustainability of this set of indicators could help address the need expressed by patients with cancer, caregivers, and clinicians for more coordinated care across inpatient, outpatient, home, community, and tertiary academic settings."
2659,brain tumour,39214112,The oncological role of resection in newly diagnosed diffuse adult-type glioma defined by the WHO 2021 classification: a Review by the RANO resect group.,"Glioma resection is associated with prolonged survival, but neuro-oncological trials have frequently refrained from quantifying the extent of resection. The Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) resect group is an international, multidisciplinary group that aims to standardise research practice by delineating the oncological role of surgery in diffuse adult-type gliomas as defined per WHO 2021 classification. Favourable survival effects of more extensive resection unfold over months to decades depending on the molecular tumour profile. In tumours with a more aggressive natural history, supramaximal resection might correlate with additional survival benefit. Weighing the expected survival benefits of resection as dictated by molecular tumour profiles against clinical factors, including the introduction of neurological deficits, we propose an algorithm to estimate the oncological effects of surgery for newly diagnosed gliomas. The algorithm serves to select patients who might benefit most from extensive resection and to emphasise the relevance of quantifying the extent of resection in clinical trials."
2660,brain tumour,39214103,Radiomics analysis of cerebral blood flow suggests a possible link between perfusion homogeneity and poor glioblastoma multiforme prognosis.,
2661,brain tumour,39214048,MET exon 14 skipping mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer: real-world data from the Italian biomarker ATLAS database.,"Mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) exon 14 (METex14) skipping mutation is a rare alteration in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), occurring in about 3%-4% of cases. Here we report disease and patient characteristics, and efficacy and tolerability of MET inhibitors among advanced METex14 NSCLC patients from the Italian real-world registry ATLAS."
2662,brain tumour,39213937,Structure-activity relationship study of Pseudellone C as anti-glioma agents by targeting TNF/TNFR signaling pathway.,"Glioma, a common primary brain tumor, is highly infiltrative and invasive, often leading to drug resistance and recurrence. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic agents is urgently needed. Pseudellone C is a novel marine triindole alkaloid. Screening of its antiproliferative activity against 55 cell lines revealed its anti-CNS cancer potential. A total of 42 derivatives of Pseudellone C were designed and synthesized, and their inhibitory activities against two human glioma cell lines (U-87MG and LN-229) were evaluated using the CCK-8 assay. Ten derivatives exhibited potent antiproliferative activity with IC"
2663,brain tumour,39213929,Basal ganglia germinoma presenting with visual loss in male adult: A case report.,"Basal ganglia germ cell tumor (GCT) in an adult has been rarely reported Intracranial germ cells tumor usually occurs in the midline axis, involving pituitary, sellar region, or both. Only in rare circumstances GCTs developed in basal ganglia."
2664,brain tumour,39213925,Persistent hydrocephalus following posterior fossa tuberculoma removal in pediatrics: A case report from a referral center in Indonesia.,"The threat posed by tuberculosis persists in developing countries. Individuals under the age of five were more likely to develop central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis. CNS Tuberculoma of the posterior fossa has rarely been reported, and its consequences are more devastating due to the limited space of the posterior fossa."
2665,brain tumour,39213923,[Stage at diagnosis of retinoblastoma in Niger: Current situation and perspectives].,"The objective of this work is to assess the current situation in the ophthalmology department of the tertiary care center for the conservative treatment of retinoblastoma in Niger. This was a retrospective study from January 2016 to October 2022 (6years and 10months). Retinoblastoma represents 43.27% of pediatric cancers, of which 10.92% of cases are bilateral. The mean age of our patients is 36months, with the range between 2-3years, with extremes ranging from 1month to 132months. The male sex represents 65.55% (n=78), with a sex ratio of 1.9. The distance traveled varies from 1355 kilometers in the furthest region (Diffa) from the capital to 113 kilometers in the nearest region (Tillabéry). Neighboring countries such as Mali and Benin represent 5.88% (n=5). It should be noted that 58% saw traditional healers before coming to the medical center. The most common clinical signs are leukocoria 39.5% (n=47), proptosis 34.45% (n=41) and exorbitism in 15.97% (n=19). An orbital/brain CT was ordered in 54.62% (n=65) of cases. We used the TNM classification; extraocular extension occurred in 47.90% (n=57) and intraocular cases 27.73% (n=33). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was used in (63.03% n=74). Histology was carried out in (26.89% n=32), with the result obtained in 14days on average. The visit to traditional practitioners as well as the remoteness of certain regions contribute to the delay in diagnosis in our context. The continued implementation of the early diagnosis campaign program could reverse the trend."
2666,brain tumour,39213763,[,"Gliomas account for 75 % of primary malignant CNS tumors. High-grade glioma (CNS WHO grades 3 and 4) have an unfavorable treatment response and poor outcome. CXCR4 is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays an important part in the signaling pathway between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment. CXCR4 overexpression has been shown in a variety of cancers. In this study, we evaluate the potential value of ["
2667,brain tumour,39213718,An adaptive spatiotemporal filter for ultrasound localization microscopy based on density canopy clustering.,"Ultrasound Localization Microscopy (ULM) facilitates structural and hemodynamic imaging of microvessels with a resolution of tens of micrometers. In ULM, the extraction of effective microbubble signals is crucial for image quality. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is currently the most prevalent method for microbubble signal extraction in ULM. Most existing ULM studies employ a fixed SVD filter threshold using empirical values which will lead to imaging quality degradation due to the insufficient separation of blood signals. In this study, we propose an adaptive and non-threshold SVD filter based on canopy-density clustering, termed DCC-SVD. This filter automatically classifies the components of the SVD based on the density of their spatiotemporal features, eliminating the need for parameter selection. In in vitro tube phantom, DCC-SVD demonstrated its ability to adaptive separation of blood and bubble signal at varying microbubble concentrations and flow rates. We compared the proposed DCC-SVD method with the Block-match 3D (BM3D) filter and a classical adaptive method called spatial similarity matrix (SSM), using concentration-variable in vivo rat brain data, as well as open-source rat kidney and mouse tumor datasets. The proposed DCC-SVD improved the global spatial resolution by approximately 4 μm from 30.39 μm to 26.02 μm. It also captured vessel structure absent in images obtained by other methods and yielded a smoother vessel intensity profile, making it a promising spatiotemporal filter for ULM imaging."
2668,brain tumour,39213660,Challenges in endoscopic third ventriculostomy for patients with achondroplasia: a focus on third ventricle floor anatomy.,"Hydrocephalus is one of the neurological risks occurring in patients with achondroplasia. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) insertion is the most common treatment. However, reports of successful endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) suggest that ETV may be a good alternative to VPS insertion in achondroplasia. However, it has been stated that ETV in achondroplasia patients is technically demanding to perform. The current study examined the anatomical variations of the third ventricle and the brainstem in achondroplasia patients and correlated the findings with the difficulty of performing ETV."
2669,brain tumour,39213637,Dose estimation in patients from different protocols of 18F-FDG PET/CT studies and analysis of optimization strategies.,"This study aimed to evaluate the dose in different protocols of 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) procedure. The retrospective study involves 207 patients with confirmed malignancies who underwent PET/CT. Effective dose (E) from PET was estimated based on injected activity and dose coefficient as per International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) 128. Estimation of E from CT was done utilizing the dose length product (DLP) method and conversion factors as per ICRP 102. There was a significant statistical difference observed in E between different PET/CT protocols (P < .001). E of PET in the whole body (WB) was found to be 4.9 ± 0.9 mSv, whereas mean volume computed tomography dose indexvol, DLP, and E of CT in WB were 7.0 ± 0.2 mGy, 674.3 ± 80.7 mGy.cm, and 10.1 ± 1.2 mSv, respectively. No linear correlation was seen between the size-specific dose estimate and E of CT (r = -0.003; P = .978). The total mean E in WB PET/CT was 17.0 ± 1.7 mSv. CT dose was contributing more than PET dose in all protocols except brain PET/CT. Optimization strategies can be evaluated only if monitored periodically."
2670,brain tumour,39213521,Repurposing Anakinra for Alzheimer's Disease: The ,"Alzheimer's disease is a significant global health issue, and studies suggest that neuroinflammation plays a vital role in the advancement of this disease. In this study, anakinra has been shown to display a time- and concentration-dependent antineuroinflammatory effect. In the "
2671,brain tumour,39213054,Identification of DNA methylation-regulated WEE1 with potential implications in prognosis and immunotherapy for low-grade glioma.,"WEE1 is a critical kinase in the DNA damage response pathway and has been shown to be effective in treating serous uterine cancer. However, its role in gliomas, specifically low-grade glioma (LGG), remains unclear. The impact of DNA methylation on WEE1 expression and its correlation with the immune landscape in gliomas also need further investigation."
2672,brain tumour,39212803,Enhancing glioma care with advanced imaging: T2-FLAIR mismatch as a predictive biomarker in IDH-mutant astrocytoma.,"The study highlights that diffuse glioma, a prevalent type of brain tumor, affect approximately 100,000 individuals worldwide each year. IDH-mutant astrocytoma and oligodendrogliomas typically have a more favorable prognosis compared to IDH-wildtype glioblastomas. However, many IDH-mutant astrocytoma has the potential to progress to grade 4 glioblastomas, leading to a less favorable prognosis. In a recent investigation, Shumpei Onishi et al. examined the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign as a possible imaging biomarker for assessing CDKN2A status in non-enhancing IDH-mutant astrocytoma. The findings indicate that the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign is linked to CDKN2A-intact astrocytoma, providing a valuable tool for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Additionally, the use of Indocyanine Green (ICG) for real-time visualization during neurosurgical procedures demonstrates potential, though it may have limitations in specificity. While these advancements offer promise in glioma management, there remains a critical need for larger, standardized studies to validate these findings and further improve treatment outcomes."
2673,brain tumour,39212779,"To editor: ""The role of postoperative blood pressure management in early postoperative hemorrhage in awake craniotomy glioma patients"".",No abstract found
2674,brain tumour,39212699,Analysis of tissue-substrate adhesion by hyperspectral surface plasmon resonance microscopy.,"The preparation of histology slides is a critical step in histopathology, and poor-quality histology slides with weak adhesion of tissue sections to the substrate often affect diagnostic accuracy and sometimes lead to diagnostic failure due to tissue section detachment. This issue has been of concern and some methods have been proposed to enhance tissue-substrate adhesion. Unfortunately, quantitative analysis of the adhesion between tissue sections and glass slides is still challenging. In this work, the adhesion of mouse brain tissue sections on gold-coated glass slides was analyzed using a laboratory-fabricated hyperspectral surface plasmon resonance microscopy (HSPRM) system that enabled single-pixel spectral SPR sensing and provided two-dimensional (2D) distribution of resonance wavelengths (RWs). The existence of the nanoscale water gap between the tissue section and the substrate was verified by fitting the RW measured in each pixel using the five-layer Fresnel reflection model. In addition, a 2D image of the tissue-substrate adhesion distance (AD) was obtained from the measured 2D distribution of RWs. The results showed that tissue-substrate AD was 20-35 nm in deionized water and 4-24 nm in saline solution. The HSPRM system used in this work has a wide wavelength range of 400-1000 nm and can perform highly sensitive and label-free detection over a large dynamic detection range with high spectral and spatial resolutions, showing significant potential applications in stain-free tissue imaging, quantitative analysis of tissue-substrate adhesion, accurate identification of tumor cells, and rapid histopathological diagnosis."
2675,brain tumour,39212688,Pilot study to assess the early cardiac safety of carbon ion radiotherapy for intra- and para-cardiac tumours.,"Modern photon radiotherapy effectively spares cardiac structures more than previous volumetric approaches. Still, it is related to non-negligible cardiac toxicity due to the low-dose bath of surrounding normal tissues. However, the dosimetric advantages of particle radiotherapy make it a promising treatment for para- and intra-cardiac tumours. In the current short report, we evaluate the cardiac safety profile of carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for radioresistant intra- and para-cardiac malignancies in a real-world setting."
2676,brain tumour,39212635,Classical Monocytes Shuttling for Precise Delivery of Nanotherapeutics to Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor for which current therapies have limited efficacy. Immunosuppression and difficulties in accessing tumors with therapeutic agents are major obstacles for GBM treatments. Classical monocytes (CMs) possess the strongest infiltration among myeloid cells recruited into tumors during tumorigenesis. In this study, CMs are utilized to deliver the small-molecule CUDC-907 encapsulated in nanoparticles (907-NPs@CMs) for GBM therapy. Hitchhiking on CMs enables more 907-NPs to successfully penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reach the interior of tumors. Results demonstrate that 907-NPs@CMs significantly improve the survival rates by suppressing tumor growth and reversing the immunosuppression of tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, the high delivery efficiency of CMs reduces the amount of CUDC-907 required for treatments, reducing the physiological toxicity and off-target effects caused by high doses. 907-NPs@CMs is a safe and versatile therapeutic system that provides a platform for targeted drug delivery to tumors and the ability to treat GBM through a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy."
2677,brain tumour,39212567,Sarcomatoid Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma with Brain Metastasis: A Case Report and Literature Review.,"Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma typically signifies an exceptionally poor prognosis, with patients rarely surviving beyond one year. An 83-year-old male presented to our hospital with complaints of headache and left-sided limb weakness. Computed tomography (CT) scans of the head and lungs disclosed a mass within the right temporal lobe, accompanied by peritumoral edema in the right cerebral hemisphere. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast enhancement and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) delineated a mass in the right temporal lobe, measuring 3 × 3 × 3 cm. He underwent cytoreductive surgery successively in the neurosurgery and urology departments. Despite experiencing postoperative tumour recurrence, the patient has lived close to four years to date. This case report illustrates that cytoreductive surgery combined with systemic pharmacotherapy can still confer significant survival benefits for elderly patients."
2678,brain tumour,39211987,Multimodal Deep Learning Improves Recurrence Risk Prediction in Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas.,"Postoperative recurrence risk for pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) is challenging to predict by conventional clinical, radiographic, and genomic factors. We investigated if deep learning of MRI tumor features could improve postoperative pLGG risk stratification."
2679,brain tumour,39211558,Case report: intracranial lesions in a patient with anxiety and depression: tumor recurrence or radiation encephalopathy?,"Radiation encephalopathy (REP) is one of the most common complications of radiotherapy for malignant tumors of the head and neck. Symptoms usually appear months to years following radiotherapy, with headache, insomnia, and memory loss as the main clinical features. We report a patient who was admitted to the hospital with anxiety and depressive disorder and was eventually diagnosed with REP."
2680,brain tumour,39211521,Phase 1 study of concomitant tumor treating fields and temozolomide chemoradiation for newly diagnosed glioblastoma.,Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor and has limited effective therapies. Tumor treating fields (TTF; Optune Gio
2681,brain tumour,39211520,Results from a phase I study of 4-,"Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common malignant brain tumor, is associated with devastating outcomes. IPAX-1 was a multicenter, open-label, single-arm phase I study to evaluate carrier-added 4-"
2682,brain tumour,39211378,Glioblastoma multiforme in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1: a case report and review of literature.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor. Individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) have an increased risk of developing GBM. We present a case report of a 44-year-old male with NF1 who developed GBM. NF1-associated GBM presents distinct molecular features and younger age at diagnosis compared to sporadic cases. Treatment typically follows standard protocols for GBM. Despite advancements in neuro-oncology, gaps in knowledge persist regarding NF1-associated GBM, including its prevalence, molecular mechanisms, and optimal treatment strategies. Larger studies and collaborative efforts are needed to address these gaps and enhance patient care."
2683,brain tumour,39211284,Modeling glioblastoma tumor progression via CRISPR-engineered brain organoids.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain cancer that is highly resistant to therapy due to significant intra-tumoral heterogeneity. The lack of robust in vitro models to study early tumor progression has hindered the development of effective therapies. Here, we develop engineered GBM organoids (eGBOs) harboring GBM subtype-specific oncogenic mutations to investigate the underlying transcriptional regulation of tumor progression. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses revealed that these mutations disrupt normal neurodevelopment gene regulatory networks resulting in changes in cellular composition and spatial organization. Upon xenotransplantation into immunodeficient mice, eGBOs form tumors that recapitulate the transcriptional and spatial landscape of human GBM samples. Integrative single-cell trajectory analysis of both eGBO-derived tumor cells and patient GBM samples revealed the dynamic gene expression changes in developmental cell states underlying tumor progression. This analysis of eGBOs provides an important validation of engineered cancer organoid models and demonstrates their utility as a model of GBM tumorigenesis for future preclinical development of therapeutics."
2684,brain tumour,39211123,Dominant Malignant Clones Leverage Lineage Restricted Epigenomic Programs to Drive Ependymoma Development.,"ZFTA-RELA is the most recurrent genetic alteration seen in pediatric supratentorial ependymoma (EPN) and is sufficient to initiate tumors in mice. Despite ZFTA-RELA's potent oncogenic potential, "
2685,brain tumour,39211050,High expression of SIGLEC7 may promote M2-type macrophage polarization leading to adverse prognosis in glioma patients.,"Gliomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors, known for their high invasiveness and destructiveness. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 7 (SIGLEC7) is present in various immune cells, especially macrophages, and significantly affects immune homeostasis and cancer cell response. However, research on the role and prognostic impact of SIGLEC7 in glioma patients is currently limited."
2686,brain tumour,39211045,Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of high concentrations of hydrogen in the lung diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"As a small molecule, hydrogen is colorless, odorless and lightest. Many studies conducted that hydrogen can protect almost every organ, including the brain, heart muscle, liver, small intestine, and lungs. To verify whether high concentrations of hydrogen (HCH) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities on respiratory system, we product a systematic review and meta-analysis. We investigated MEDLINE-PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Wiley and SpringerLink database and selected "
2687,brain tumour,39210380,Characteristics of molecular subtypes and cinical outcomes in the immunotherapy Queue of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients.,"With a series of clinical trials confirming the sensitivity of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) to immunotherapy, research on personalized treatment for SCLC has gained increasing attention. Currently, the most widely accepted subtype of SCLC is based on the expression levels of Achaete-Scute Family BHLH Transcription Factor 1 (ASCL1), neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NEUROD1), and POU class 2 homeobox 3 (POU2F3). However, real-world studies on this classification remain limited."
2688,brain tumour,39210244,ENPP1 induces blood-brain barrier dysfunction and promotes brain metastasis formation in HER2-positive breast cancer.,"Brain metastasis (BrM) is a devastating end-stage neurological complication that occurs in up to 50% of HER2+ breast cancer patients. Understanding how disseminating tumor cells manage to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for developing effective preventive strategies. We identified the ecto-nucleotidase ENPP1 as specifically enriched in the secretome of HER2+ brain metastatic cells, prompting us to explore its impact on BBB dysfunction and BrM formation."
2689,brain tumour,39210157,Development of an Injectable Hydrogel for Histotripsy Ablation Toward Future Glioblastoma Therapy Applications.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant type of primary brain tumor. Even after surgery and chemoradiotherapy, residual GBM cells can infiltrate the healthy brain parenchyma to form secondary tumors. To mitigate GBM recurrence, we recently developed an injectable hydrogel that can be crosslinked in the resection cavity to attract, collect, and ablate residual GBM cells. We previously optimized a thiol-Michael addition hydrogel for physical, chemical, and biological compatibility with the GBM microenvironment and demonstrated CXCL12-mediated chemotaxis can attract and entrap GBM cells into this hydrogel. In this study, we synthesize hydrogels under conditions mimicking GBM resection cavities and assess feasibility of histotripsy to ablate hydrogel-encapsulated cells. The results showed the hydrogel synthesis was bio-orthogonal, not shear-thinning, and can be scaled up for injection into GBM resection mimics in vitro. Experiments also demonstrated ultrasound imaging can distinguish the synthetic hydrogel from healthy porcine brain tissue. Finally, a 500 kHz transducer applied focused ultrasound treatment to the synthetic hydrogels, with results demonstrating precise histotripsy bubble clouds could be sustained in order to uniformly ablate red blood cells encapsulated by the hydrogel for homogeneous, mechanical fractionation of the entrapped cells. Overall, this hydrogel is a promising platform for biomaterials-based GBM treatment."
2690,brain tumour,39210154,Identification of clinical prognosis features and significant DNA methylation regulation in pineoblastoma.,Pineoblastoma (PB) represents a great challenge for clinical management due to lack of a specific therapeutic regimen. This study aims to identify relevant prognostic factors and potential treatment targets by mining public databases.
2691,brain tumour,39209994,Polymer-locking fusogenic liposomes for glioblastoma-targeted siRNA delivery and CRISPR-Cas gene editing.,"In patients with glioblastoma (GBM), upregulated midkine (MDK) limits the survival benefits conferred by temozolomide (TMZ). RNA interference (RNAi) and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology are attractive approaches for regulating MDK expression. However, delivering these biologics to GBM tissue is challenging. Here we demonstrate a polymer-locking fusogenic liposome (Plofsome) that can be transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver short interfering RNA or CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes into the cytoplasm of GBM cells. Plofsome is designed by integrating a 'lock' into the fusogenic liposome using a traceless reactive oxygen species (ROS)-cleavable linker so that fusion occurs only after crossing the BBB and entering the GBM tissue with high ROS levels. Our results showed that MDK suppression by Plofsomes significantly reduced TMZ resistance and inhibited GBM growth in orthotopic brain tumour models. Importantly, Plofsomes are effective only at tumour sites and not in normal tissues, which improves the safety of combined RNAi and CRISPR-Cas9 therapeutics."
2692,brain tumour,39209543,Association Between CA 15-3 and ,The tumor marker cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) is that most commonly used to monitor metastatic breast cancer during active therapy and surveillance for disease recurrence after treatment. The association of CA 15-3 and 
2693,brain tumour,39209146,Mitochondrial damage precedes the changes of glutathione metabolism in CdCl,"Cadmium crosses the blood-brain barrier inducing damage to neurons. Cell impairment is predominantly linked to oxidative stress and glutathione (GSH) depletion. On the other hand, several reports have described an increase of GSH levels in neuronal cells after CdCl"
2694,brain tumour,39209136,Deoxyarbutin targets mitochondria to trigger p53-dependent senescence of glioblastoma cells.,"Cellular senescence is a natural barrier of the transition from premalignant cells to invasive cancer. Pharmacological induction of senescence has been proposed as a possible anticancer strategy. In this study, we found that deoxyarbutin inhibited the growth of glioblastoma (GBM) cells by inducing cellular senescence, independent of tyrosinase expression. Instead, deoxyarbutin induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and damage. These aberrant mitochondria were key to the p53-dependent senescence of GBM cells. Facilitating autophagy or mitigating mitochondrial oxidative stress both suppressed p53 expression and alleviated cellular senescence induced by deoxyarbutin. Thus, our study reveals that deoxyarbutin induces mitochondrial oxidative stress to trigger the p53-dependent senescence of GBM cells. Importantly, deoxyarbutin treatment resulted in accumulation of p53, induction of cellular senescence, and inhibition of tumor growth in a subcutaneous tumor model of mouse. In conclusion, our study reveals that deoxyarbutin has therapeutic potential for GBM by inducing mitochondrial oxidative stress for p53-dependent senescence of GBM cells."
2695,brain tumour,39209094,"""Investigation of the potential cellular changes induced by magnesium sulfate and salubrinal in a lipopolysaccharide-induced chorioamnionitis model"".","Chorioamnionitis is closely associated with preterm labor and poses a significant public health concern. In this pathological process where inflammation plays a key role, intracellular mechanisms such as endoplasmic reticulum stress are crucial. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential positive outcomes of the combined use of salubrinal (SLB) with magnesium (Mg) treatment in chorioamnionitis. Thirty pregnant rats were divided into 5 groups as: Control, LPS (1 mg/kg), LPS + SLB (1 mg/kg), LPS + Mg (Dhaka protocol), LPS + SLB + Mg. Rats were sacrificed 4 h after LPS administration, then placental and fetal brain tissues were collected. LPS administration enhanced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, caspase-3 immunoexpressions, BAX, eukaryotic initiation factor 2-alpha, s100, and glial fibrillary acidic protein expressions and lowered BCL2 expressions in the placenta or fetal brains. SLB and Mg treatments were observed to reverse all these findings, and the most significant positive effect was in the LPS + SLB + Mg group. The known anti-inflammatory activity of Mg, when used with SLB, preventing the transition to apoptosis and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, as identified in this study, can contribute significantly to the literature. However, these results need to be supported by additional molecular studies."
2696,brain tumour,39208668,Biophysical translational paradigm of polymeric nanoparticle: Embarked advancement to brain tumor therapy.,"Polymeric nanoparticles have emerged as promising contenders for addressing the intricate challenges encountered in brain tumor therapy due to their distinctive attributes, including adjustable size, biocompatibility, and controlled drug release kinetics. This review comprehensively delves into the latest developments in synthesizing, characterizing, and applying polymeric nanoparticles explicitly tailored for brain tumor therapy. Various synthesis methodologies, such as emulsion polymerization, nanoprecipitation, and template-assisted fabrication, are scrutinized within the context of brain tumor targeting, elucidating their advantages and limitations concerning traversing the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, strategies pertaining to surface modification and functionalization are expounded upon to augment the stability, biocompatibility, and targeting prowess of polymeric nanoparticles amidst the intricate milieu of the brain microenvironment. Characterization techniques encompassing dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and spectroscopic methods are scrutinized to evaluate the physicochemical attributes of polymeric nanoparticles engineered for brain tumor therapy. Moreover, a comprehensive exploration of the manifold applications of polymeric nanoparticles encompassing drug delivery, gene therapy, imaging, and combination therapies for brain tumours is undertaken. Special emphasis is placed on the encapsulation of diverse therapeutics within polymeric nanoparticles, thereby shielding them from degradation and enabling precise targeting within the brain. Additionally, recent advancements in stimuli-responsive and multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles are probed for their potential in personalized medicine and theranostics tailored for brain tumours. In essence, this review furnishes an all-encompassing overview of the recent strides made in tailoring polymeric nanoparticles for brain tumor therapy, illuminating their synthesis, characterization, and multifaceted application."
2697,brain tumour,39208403,NANO-LM: An updated scorecard for the clinical assessment of patients with leptomeningeal metastases.,"There are no validated tools for the clinical neurological assessment of patients with leptomeningeal metastases (LM). However, clinical examination during the course of the disease guides medical management and is part of response assessment in clinical trials. Because neuroimaging may not always be obtained owing to rapid clinical deterioration, clinical neurological assessment of LM is essential, and standardization Is important to minimize rater disagreement."
2698,brain tumour,39208379,Sustained Clinical Benefit and Intracranial Activity of Tarlatamab in Previously Treated Small Cell Lung Cancer: DeLLphi-300 Trial Update.,
2699,brain tumour,39208202,Comparative genomic landscape of lower-grade glioma and glioblastoma.,"Biomarkers for classifying and grading gliomas have been extensively explored, whereas populations in public databases were mostly Western/European. Based on public databases cannot accurately represent Chinese population. To identify molecular characteristics associated with clinical outcomes of lower-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma (GBM) in the Chinese population, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 16 LGG and 35 GBM tumor tissues. TP53 (36/51), TERT (31/51), ATRX (16/51), EFGLAM (14/51), and IDH1 (13/51) were the most common genes harboring mutations. IDH1 mutation (c.G395A; p.R132H) was significantly enriched in LGG, whereas PCDHGA10 mutation (c.A265G; p.I89V) in GBM. IDH1-wildtype and PCDHGA10 mutation were significantly related to poor prognosis. IDH1 is an important biomarker in gliomas, whereas PCDHGA10 mutation has not been reported to correlate with gliomas. Different copy number variations (CNVs) and oncogenic signaling pathways were identified between LGG and GBM. Differential genomic landscapes between LGG and GBM were revealed in the Chinese population, and PCDHGA10, for the first time, was identified as the prognostic factor of gliomas. Our results might provide a basis for molecular classification and identification of diagnostic biomarkers and even potential therapeutic targets for gliomas."
2700,brain tumour,39207940,Lipid Nanoparticles for Brain Tumor Theranostics: Challenges and Status.,"Lipid nanoparticles have been recognized as a powerful weapon for delivering various imaging and therapeutic agents to the localized solid tumors, especially brain tumors individually or in combination. Promisingly, lipid-based nanosystems have been considered as safe delivery systems which are even approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). One recent spotlight of lipid nanoparticles as COVID-19 mRNA vaccines where lipid nanoparticles play an important role in effectively protecting and delivering mRNA to the desired cells. As of now, successive progress in lipid-based nanocarriers, viz., nanoliposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, ionizable lipid nanostructures, etc., with better biochemical and biophysical stabilities, has been noticed and reported. Moreover, lipid nanostructures have been considered as versatile therapeutics platforms for a variety of diseases due to their biocompatibility, ability to protect and deliver therapeutics to the localized site, and better reproducibility and reliability. However, lipid nanoparticles still face morphological and biochemical changes upon their "
2701,brain tumour,39207859,B cell-based therapy produces antibodies that inhibit glioblastoma growth.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and malignant brain tumor with limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis. Despite current treatments, the invasive nature of GBM often leads to recurrence. A promising alternative strategy is to harness the potential of the immune system against tumor cells. Our previous data showed that the BVax (B cell-based vaccine) can induce therapeutic responses in preclinical models of GBM. In this study, we aimed to characterize the antigenic reactivity of BVax-derived Abs and evaluate their therapeutic potential. We performed immunoproteomics and functional assays in murine models and samples from patients with GBM. Our investigations revealed that BVax distributed throughout the GBM tumor microenvironment and then differentiated into Ab-producing plasmablasts. Proteomics analyses indicated that the Abs produced by BVax had unique reactivity, predominantly targeting factors associated with cell motility and the extracellular matrix. Crucially, these Abs inhibited critical processes such as GBM cell migration and invasion. These findings provide valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of BVax-derived Abs for patients with GBM, pointing toward a novel direction for GBM immunotherapy."
2702,brain tumour,39207710,Microglia in Glioma.,"Myeloid cells are fundamental constituents of the brain tumor microenvironment. In this chapter, we describe the state-of-the-art knowledge on the role of microglial cells in the cross-talk with the most common and aggressive brain tumor, glioblastoma. We report in vitro and in vivo studies related to glioblastoma patients and glioma models to outline the symbiotic interactions that microglia develop with tumoral cells, highlighting the heterogeneity of microglial functions in shaping the brain tumor microenvironment."
2703,brain tumour,39207674,"Current state of proton therapy for tumors of the central nervous system in Spain: physical bases, indications, controversies and perspectives.","The unique biophysical properties of proton therapy (PT), regarding the precise dose distribution, a remarkable better sparing of surrounding normal tissues, and the decreasing costs have promoted the spread of this technique worldwide. In Spain, eleven new PT centers, added to the currently two in function, are expected to be available in the near future. Indications for PT are currently evolving. The suitability of PT in central nervous system tumors of the adult population has been extrapolated from the favorable experience in children and adolescents. Given the lack of appropriate randomized trials, controversies remain regarding its use in lower grade tumors, re-irradiation, and other clinical scenarios in which an a priori dose distribution benefit is expected compared to photon-based radiotherapy. PT is a reasonable option in many brain and spinal tumors associating long life expectancy, in which cognitive decline, and the appearance of radiation-induced neoplasms can be minimized.Estado actual de la terapia con protones en los tumores del sistema nervioso central en España: bases físicas, indicaciones, controversias y perspectivas."
2704,brain tumour,39207631,Phantom test procedures for a new neuro-oncological amino acid PET tracer: [,Amino acid positron emission tomography (PET) examinations using anti-1-amino-3-[
2705,brain tumour,39207626,Initial management of newly diagnosed WHO grade 2-3 adult meningioma following surgery: results from the Dutch Brain Tumour Registry (2016-2021).,Meningiomas classified as grade 2-3 according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) require combined surgery and in most cases radiotherapy (RT). Their initial management was evaluated using the Dutch Brain Tumour Registry.
2706,brain tumour,39207625,Focused ultrasound-mediated enhancement of blood-brain barrier permeability for brain tumor treatment: a systematic review of clinical trials.,"Brain tumors, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), present significant prognostic challenges despite multimodal therapies, including surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. One major obstacle is the limited drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with systemically administered microbubbles has emerged as a non-invasive, targeted, and reversible approach to transiently open the BBB, thus enhancing drug delivery. This review examines clinical trials employing BBB opening techniques to optimise pharmacotherapy for brain tumors, evaluates current challenges, and proposes directions for further research."
2707,brain tumour,39207606,"Central nervous system metastasis in melanoma patients: a retrospective cohort study, 2015-2019.",No abstract found
2708,brain tumour,39207527,Upper brainstem pediatric low-grade gliomas: review and neuroendoscopic approach.,"Pediatric brain tumors, particularly those affecting the brainstem, present a significant challenge due to their intricate anatomical location and diverse classification. This review explores the classification, anatomical considerations, and surgical approaches for pediatric brainstem tumors, focusing on recent updates from the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Brainstem tumors encompass a spectrum from diffuse gliomas to focal intrinsic and exophytic types, each presenting unique clinical and surgical challenges. Surgical strategies have evolved with advancements in neuroimaging and surgical techniques, emphasizing approaches such as neuroendoscopy and tailored incisions to minimize damage to critical structures. Despite the complexities involved, recent developments offer promising outcomes in tumor resection and patient management, highlighting ongoing advancements in neurosurgical care for pediatric brain tumors."
2709,brain tumour,39207402,Galectin-9 Mediates the Functions of Microglia in the Hypoxic Brain Tumor Microenvironment.,"Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a multifaceted regulator of various pathophysiologic processes that exerts positive or negative effects in a context-dependent manner. In this study, we elucidated the distinctive functional properties of Gal-9 on myeloid cells within the brain tumor microenvironment (TME). Gal-9-expressing cells were abundant at the hypoxic tumor edge in the tumor-bearing ipsilateral hemisphere compared with the contralateral hemisphere in an intracranial mouse brain tumor model. Gal-9 was highly expressed in microglia and macrophages in tumor-infiltrating cells. In primary glia, both the expression and secretion of Gal-9 were influenced by tumors. Analysis of a human glioblastoma bulk RNA sequencing dataset and a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset from a murine glioma model revealed a correlation between Gal-9 expression and glial cell activation. Notably, the Gal-9high microglial subset was functionally distinct from the Gal-9neg/low subset in the brain TME. Gal-9high microglia exhibited properties of inflammatory activation and higher rates of cell death, whereas Gal-9neg/low microglia displayed a superior phagocytic ability against brain tumor cells. Blockade of Gal-9 suppressed tumor growth and altered the activity of glial and T cells in a mouse glioma model. Additionally, glial Gal-9 expression was regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-2α in the hypoxic brain TME. Myeloid-specific hypoxia-inducible factor-2α deficiency led to attenuated tumor progression. Together, these findings reveal that Gal-9 on myeloid cells is an immunoregulator and putative therapeutic target in brain tumors. Significance: Galectin-9 serves as an immune checkpoint molecule that modulates the functional properties of microglia in the brain tumor microenvironment and could potentially be targeted to effectively treat brain tumors."
2710,brain tumour,39207074,Fingolimod Alleviates Inflammation after Cerebral Ischemia via HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.,"Clinically, ischemic reperfusion injury is the main cause of stroke injury. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of fingolimod in suppressing inflammation caused by ischemic brain injury and explore its pharmacological mechanisms."
2711,brain tumour,39207071,Resting-State Brain Function Alteration in Colorectal Cancer Patients.,To investigate the abnormal pattern of altered functional activity in the brain and the neuroimaging mechanisms underlying the cognitive impairment of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) via resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).
2712,brain tumour,39207022,"Thrombosis, brain metastasis formation, and the perivascular metastatic niche-Novel insights from the tumor microvascular circulation.",No abstract found
2713,brain tumour,39206994,Risk factors and prognostic factors of brain metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer: A single-center retrospective study.,This retrospective study is to explore the risk factors and prognostic factors of brain metastases of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in a single center.
2714,brain tumour,39206993,Dynamic changes in brain glymphatic function during preoperative chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.,The current study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in brain glymphatic function during chemotherapy in breast cancer patients (BCP) and their correlation with cognitive function.
2715,brain tumour,39206901,TMEM17 Promotes Tumor Progression in Glioblastoma by Activating the PI3K/AKT Pathway.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and fast-growing brain tumor, characterized by rapid progression, a very poor prognosis, and a high likelihood of recurrence. Thus, effective new therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Transmembrane proteins (TMEMs) have pro-cancer effects on multiple cancer types, but the mechanisms underlying the effects of TMEM17, particularly its role in GBM, remain unclear."
2716,brain tumour,39206859,Intra-arterial administration of PSMA-targeted radiopharmaceuticals for brain tumors: is the era of interventional theranostics next?,"In recent years, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a transmembrane glycoprotein, has emerged as a promising biomarker for theranostics, integrating diagnosis and therapy. PSMA's overexpression in various tumors, including brain metastases and high-grade gliomas, suggests its potential in neuro-oncology. Pruis et al. conducted a proof-of-concept study comparing intra-arterial (IA) and intravenous (IV) administration of "
2717,brain tumour,39206277,Nine Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Class I Alleles are Omnipotent Against 11 Antigens Expressed in Melanoma Tumors.,"Host immunogenetics (Human Leukocyte Antigen, HLA) play a critical role in the human immune response to melanoma, influencing both melanoma prevalence and immunotherapy outcomes. Beneficial outcomes hinge on the successful binding of epitopes of melanoma antigens to HLA Class I molecules for an effective engagement of cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocytes and subsequent elimination of the cancerous cell. This study evaluated the binding affinity and immunogenicity of HLA Class I to melanoma tumor antigens to identify alleles best suited to facilitate elimination of melanoma antigens."
2718,brain tumour,39206115,Aberrant generation of dentate gyrus granule cells is associated with epileptic susceptibility in p53 conditional knockout mice.,"Neuronal apoptosis is a mechanism used to clear the cells of oxidative stress or DNA damage and refine the final number of neurons for a functional neuronal circuit. The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a key regulator of the cell cycle and serves as a checkpoint for eliminating neurons with high DNA damage, hyperproliferative signals or cellular stress. During development, p53 is largely expressed in progenitor cells. In the adult brain, p53 expression is restricted to the neurogenic niches where it regulates cell proliferation and self-renewal. To investigate the functional consequences of p53 deletion in the cortex and hippocampus, we generated a conditional mutant mouse (p53-cKO) in which p53 is deleted from pallial progenitors and their derivatives. Surprisingly, we did not find any significant change in the number of neurons in the mutant cortex or CA region of the hippocampus compared with control mice. However, p53-cKO mice exhibit more proliferative cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus and more granule cells in the granular cell layer. Glutamatergic synapses in the CA3 region are more numerous in p53-cKO mice compared with control littermates, which correlates with overexcitability and higher epileptic susceptibility in the mutant mice."
2719,brain tumour,39206059,KRAS,Rat sarcoma virus (
2720,brain tumour,39205900,Acute Hemorrhagic-Onset Atypical Meningioma: A Report of Two Cases with Emergent Resection Achieving Mid-Term Tumor Control and Neurological Preservation.,"The majority of meningiomas are slow-growing benign tumors that can potentially be highly vascularized; however, acute hemorrhagic onset is rare. Herein, we describe two patients who presented with disturbance of consciousness and severe hemiplegia due to spontaneous hemorrhage from a falx atypical meningioma. A 49-year-old female presenting with a sudden disturbance of consciousness and severe left hemiplegia was found to have a falx meningioma and acute hemorrhage. Emergent resection achieved neurological relief and tumor control. A 60-year-old female with aphasia and severe right hemiplegia also had falx meningioma and hematoma, and successfully treated by emergent resection. Tumor was diagnosed as atypical meningioma in both cases. Both patients achieved mid-term tumor control for 4 and 7 years. Both patients were treated successfully with emergent surgical resection, and neurological relief and mid-term tumor control (7 and 4 years, respectively) were achieved. Given this success, immediate surgical resection with hematoma evacuation should be considered an acceptable therapeutic option for acute hemorrhagic atypical meningioma."
2721,brain tumour,39205899,Physical Health-Related Quality of Life and Postsurgical Outcomes in Brain Tumor Resection Patients.,
2722,brain tumour,39205885,Multimodality Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia: An Institutional Experience.,
2723,brain tumour,39205763,Immunoexpression of Survivin and P53 in the Histological Subtypes of Medulloblastoma: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.,"Medulloblastoma (MB) is a common malignant intracranial neoplasms in children. The treatment and prognosis of this tumor depends on histology and molecular subtypes. Survivin, implicated in various malignancies, may hold prognostic significance. We investigated survivin and p53 immunoreactivity in different histological subtypes in 20 MB cases from January 2018 to June 2021. Immunohistochemistry revealed survivin expression in 75% (15/20) of cases, with cytoplasmic (10 cases), nuclear (four cases), or combined expression (one case). p53 nuclear expression was present in 35% (7/20) of cases. Classical variant MB exhibited predominant p53 and cytoplasmic survivin expression. Given the association of survivin and p53 expression with poor prognosis, especially in the prevalent classical variant, targeted therapies may hold promise for MB treatment advancement."
2724,brain tumour,39205591,In vivo Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Chamomile Extract against Procyclidine-Induced Oxidative Stress: Potential Application in Cancer Prevention.,"The study aimed to investigate the effect of the aqueous extract of the chamomile plant on oxidative stress induced by procyclidine in rats. 30 rats were randomly divided into five groups, with 6 rats in each group. The first group was given distilled water only, while the second group was administered procyclidine (1 mg/kg body weight) in three doses daily for a period of 60 days. The third group was given procyclidine in the same doses as the second group for 30 days. Afterward, they were administered an aqueous extract of chamomile (300 mg/kg) for another 30 days. The fourth group was administered the aqueous extract (300 mg/kg) for 30 days. Subsequently, they were given procyclidine in the same doses as the second group for another 30 days. On the other hand, the fifth group was administered the aqueous extract of chamomile (300 mg/kg) for a period of 60 days to investigate the potential effects of the extract. Afterward, blood samples were drawn to measure various biological parameters, including Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Finally, an anatomical study was conducted on the kidneys, brain, and liver to enhance the research. The results displayed a significant increase in the levels of TOS, MDA, AST, ALT enzymes, and Ach-E activity in the second group compared to the first group. Groups 3 and 4 significantly decreased compared to the second group based on the same standards. In regard to Group 5, there are no significant moral differences between it and Group 1. Finally, this study demonstrated the importance of using chamomile extract as an antioxidant and its potential in cancer prevention against the oxidative stress induced by excessive doses of procyclidine. (p ≤ 0.005)."
2725,brain tumour,39205582,Immunotherapy and PD-L1 Tumor Expression in Moroccan Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Various Metastasis.,The question of whether tumor expression of PD-L1 and the presence of distant metastasis could influence the efficacy of immunotherapy represents a major challenge and needs to be further elucidated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictive significance of tumor expression of PD-L1 as well as the number and site of metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) among Moroccan patients treated with immunotherapy.
2726,brain tumour,39205511,Implantable Microneedle-Mediated Eradication of Postoperative Tumor Foci Mitigates Glioblastoma Relapse.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains incurable despite multimodal treatments after surgical debulking. Almost all patients with GBM relapse within a narrow margin (2-3 cm) of the initial resected lesion due to the unreachable residual cancerous cells. Here, a completely biodegradable microneedle for surgical cavity delivery glioblastoma-associated macrophages (GAMs)-activating immune nano-stimulator that mitigates glioblastoma relapse is reported. The residual tumor lesion-directed biocompatible microneedle releases the nano-stimulator and toll-like receptor 9 agonist in a controlled manner until the microneedles completely degrade over 1 week, efferently induce in situ phonotypic shifting of GAMs from anti- to pro-inflammatory and the tumor recurrence is obviously inhibited. The implantable microneedles offer a significant improvement over conventional transdermal ones, as they are 100% degradable, ensuring safe application within surgical cavities. It is also revealed that the T cells are recruited to the tumor niche as the GAMs initiate anti-tumor response and eradicate residual GBM cells. Taken together, this work provides a potential strategy for immunomodulating the postoperative tumor niche to mitigate tumor relapse in GBM patients, which may have broad applications in other malignancies with surgical intervention."
2727,brain tumour,39205478,Brain tumor classification for combining the advantages of multilayer dense net-based feature extraction and hyper-parameters tuned attentive dual residual generative adversarial network classifier using wild horse optimization.,"In this manuscript, attentive dual residual generative adversarial network optimized using wild horse optimization algorithm for brain tumor detection (ADRGAN-WHOA-BTD) is proposed. Here, the input imageries are gathered using BraTS, RemBRANDT, and Figshare datasets. Initially, the images are preprocessed to increase the quality of images and eliminate the unwanted noises. The preprocessing is performed with dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT). The image features like geodesic data and texture features like contrasts, energy, correlations, homogeneity, and entropy are extracted using multilayer dense net methods. Then, the extracted images are given to attentive dual residual generative adversarial network (ADRGAN) classifier for classifying the brain imageries. The ADRGAN weight parameters are tuned based on wild horse optimization algorithm (WHOA). The proposed method is executed in MATLAB. For the BraTS dataset, the ADRGAN-WHOA-BTD method achieved accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F-measure, precision, and error rates of 99.85%, 99.82%, 98.92%, 99.76%, 99.45%, and 0.15%, respectively. Then, the proposed technique demonstrated a runtime of 13 s, significantly outperforming existing methods."
2728,brain tumour,39204409,Immunomodulatory R848-Loaded Anti-PD-L1-Conjugated Reduced Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots for Photothermal Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most severe form of brain cancer and presents unique challenges to developing novel treatments due to its immunosuppressive milieu where receptors like programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are frequently elevated to prevent an effective anti-tumor immune response. To potentially shift the GBM environment from being immunosuppressive to immune-enhancing, we engineered a novel nanovehicle from reduced graphene oxide quantum dot (rGOQD), which are loaded with the immunomodulatory drug resiquimod (R848) and conjugated with an anti-PD-L1 antibody (aPD-L1). The immunomodulatory rGOQD/R8/aPDL1 nanoparticles can actively target the PD-L1 on the surface of ALTS1C1 murine glioblastoma cells and release R848 to enhance the T-cell-driven anti-tumor response. From in vitro experiments, the PD-L1-mediated intracellular uptake and the rGOQD-induced photothermal response after irradiation with near-infrared laser light led to the death of cancer cells and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The combinational effect of R848 and released DAMPs synergistically produces antigens to activate dendritic cells, which can prime T lymphocytes to infiltrate the tumor in vivo. As a result, T cells effectively target and attack the PD-L1-suppressed glioma cells and foster a robust photothermal therapy elicited anti-tumor immune response from a syngeneic mouse model of GBM with subcutaneously implanted ALTS1C1 cells."
2729,brain tumour,39204387,Melanoma Brain Metastases Patient-Derived Organoids: An In Vitro Platform for Drug Screening.,"Brain metastases are prevalent in the late stages of malignant melanoma. Multimodal therapy remains challenging. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) represent a valuable pre-clinical model, faithfully recapitulating key aspects of the original tumor, including the heterogeneity and the mutational status. This study aimed to establish PDOs from melanoma brain metastases (MBM-PDOs) and to test the feasibility of using them as a model for in vitro targeted-therapy drug testing."
2730,brain tumour,39204379,Quenched Zwitterionic Cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp-Containing Pentapeptide Probe for Real-Time Brain Tumor Imaging.,"The efficacy of glioblastoma treatment is closely associated with complete tumor resection. However, conventional surgical techniques often result in incomplete removal, leading to poor prognosis. A major challenge is the accurate delineation of tumor margins from healthy tissues. Imaging-guided surgery, particularly using fluorescent probes, is a promising solution for intraoperative guidance. The recently developed 'always-on' types of targeted fluorescence probes generate signals irrespective of their presence in tumor cells or in blood circulation, hampering their effectiveness. Here, we propose a novel activatable fluorescence imaging probe, Q-cRGD, that targets glioma cells via the specific binding of the cyclic Arg-Gly Asp-containing pentapeptide (cRGD) to integrins. The Q-cRGD probe was synthesized by conjugating a near-infrared (NIR) dye to a tryptophan quencher via a disulfide linkage, including a cRGD-targeting ligand. This activatable probe remained inactive until the redox-responsive cleavage of the disulfide linkage occurred within the target cell. The zwitterionic nature of NIR dyes minimizes nonspecific interactions with serum proteins, thereby enhancing the tumor-to-background signal ratio (TBR). An in vivo fluorescence imaging study demonstrated a TBR value of 2.65 within 3 h of the intravenous injection of Q-cRGD, confirming its potential utility in imaging-guided brain cancer surgery."
2731,brain tumour,39203872,Heat-Processed Soybean Germ Extract and ,"Soybean alleviates cognitive impairment. In our preparatory experiment, we found that dry-heat (90 °C for 30 min)-processed soybean embryo ethanol extract (hSE) most potently suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression in BV2 cells among dry-heat-, steaming-, and oil exclusion-processed soybean embryo ethanol extracts (SEs). Heat processing increased the absorbable soyasaponin Bb content of SE. Therefore, we investigated whether hSE and its supplement could mitigate LPS-impaired cognitive function in mice. Among dry-heat-, steaming-, and oil exclusion-processed SEs, hSE mitigated LPS-impaired cognitive function more than parental SE. hSE potently upregulated LPS-suppressed brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus, while LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β expression in the hippocampus and colon were downregulated. "
2732,brain tumour,39203027,Effect of ,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive and fatal primary brain tumor. The resistance of GBM to conventional treatments is attributed to factors such as the blood-brain barrier, tumor heterogeneity, and treatment-resistant stem cells. Current therapeutic efforts show limited survival benefits, emphasizing the urgent need for novel treatments. In this context, natural anti-cancer extracts and especially animal venoms have garnered attention for their potential therapeutic benefits. Bee venom in general and that of the Middle Eastern bee, "
2733,brain tumour,39202626,Feasibility of Early Surgical Treatment for Adolescent Patients with Prolactinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.,
2734,brain tumour,39202532,Pituitary Adenoma: ,
2735,brain tumour,39202515,Combined Statistical Analysis of Glioblastoma Outcomes-A Neurosurgical Single-Institution Retrospective Study.,
2736,brain tumour,39202398,Pediatric Hemispheric High-Grade Gliomas and H3.3-G34 Mutation: A Review of the Literature on Biological Features and New Therapeutic Strategies.,"Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) encompasses a wide range of gliomas with different genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic features. Almost 50% of pHGGs present a mutation in genes coding for histone 3, including the subtype harboring the H3.3-G34 mutation. In this context, histone mutations are frequently associated with mutations in "
2737,brain tumour,39202387,Identification of Autophagy-Related Biomarkers and Diagnostic Model in Alzheimer's Disease.,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Its accurate pathogenic mechanisms are incompletely clarified, and effective therapeutic treatments are still inadequate. Autophagy is closely associated with AD and plays multiple roles in eliminating harmful aggregated proteins and maintaining cell homeostasis. This study identified 1191 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on the GSE5281 dataset from the GEO database, intersected them with 325 autophagy-related genes from GeneCards, and screened 26 differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DEAGs). Subsequently, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed and indicated that these DEAGs were primarily involved in autophagy-lysosomal biological process. Further, eight hub genes were determined by PPI construction, and experimental validation was performed by qRT-PCR on a SH-SY5Y cell model. Finally, three hub genes ("
2738,brain tumour,39202385,Exploring Candidate Gene Studies and Alexithymia: A Systematic Review.,"Alexithymia is a trait involving difficulties in processing emotions. Genetic association studies have investigated candidate genes involved in alexithymia's pathogenesis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review of the genetic background associated with alexithymia."
2739,brain tumour,39202379,Tracking Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Development Using an Experimental Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus Infection Model.,"Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is an infectious, neoplastic lung disease of sheep that causes significant animal welfare and economic issues throughout the world. Understanding OPA pathogenesis is key to developing tools to control its impact. Central to this need is the availability of model systems that can monitor and track events after Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) infection. Here, we report the development of an experimentally induced OPA model intended for this purpose. Using three different viral dose groups (low, intermediate and high), localised OPA tumour development was induced by bronchoscopic JSRV instillation into the segmental bronchus of the right cardiac lung lobe. Pre-clinical OPA diagnosis and tumour progression were monitored by monthly computed tomography (CT) imaging and trans-thoracic ultrasound scanning. Post mortem examination and immunohistochemistry confirmed OPA development in 89% of the JSRV-instilled animals. All three viral doses produced a range of OPA lesion types, including microscopic disease and gross tumours; however, larger lesions were more frequently identified in the low and intermediate viral groups. Overall, 31% of JSRV-infected sheep developed localised advanced lesions. Of the sheep that developed localised advanced lesions, tumour volume doubling times (calculated using thoracic CT 3D reconstructions) were 14.8 ± 2.1 days. The ability of ultrasound to track tumour development was compared against CT; the results indicated a strong significant association between paired CT and ultrasound measurements at each time point (R"
2740,brain tumour,39202279,Accuracy of Intra-Axial Brain Tumor Characterization in the Emergency MRI Reports: A Retrospective Human Performance Benchmarking Pilot Study.,"Demand for emergency neuroimaging is increasing. Even magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often performed outside office hours, sometimes revealing more uncommon entities like brain tumors. The scientific literature studying artificial intelligence (AI) methods for classifying brain tumors on imaging is growing, but knowledge about the radiologist's performance on this task is surprisingly scarce. Our study aimed to tentatively fill this knowledge gap. We hypothesized that the radiologist could classify intra-axial brain tumors at the emergency department with clinically acceptable accuracy. We retrospectively examined emergency brain MRI reports from 2013 to 2021, the inclusion criteria being (1) emergency brain MRI, (2) no previously known intra-axial brain tumor, and (3) suspicion of an intra-axial brain tumor on emergency MRI report. The tumor type suggestion and the final clinical diagnosis were pooled into groups: (1) glial tumors, (2) metastasis, (3) lymphoma, and (4) other tumors. The final study sample included 150 patients, of which 108 had histopathological tumor type confirmation. Among the patients with histopathological tumor type confirmation, the accuracy of the MRI reports in classifying the tumor type was 0.86 for gliomas against other tumor types, 0.89 for metastases, and 0.99 for lymphomas. We found the result encouraging, given the prolific need for emergency imaging."
2741,brain tumour,39202202,Brain Tumor Detection and Classification Using an Optimized Convolutional Neural Network.,"Brain tumors are a leading cause of death globally, with numerous types varying in malignancy, and only 12% of adults diagnosed with brain cancer survive beyond five years. This research introduces a hyperparametric convolutional neural network (CNN) model to identify brain tumors, with significant practical implications. By fine-tuning the hyperparameters of the CNN model, we optimize feature extraction and systematically reduce model complexity, thereby enhancing the accuracy of brain tumor diagnosis. The critical hyperparameters include batch size, layer counts, learning rate, activation functions, pooling strategies, padding, and filter size. The hyperparameter-tuned CNN model was trained on three different brain MRI datasets available at Kaggle, producing outstanding performance scores, with an average value of 97% for accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Our optimized model is effective, as demonstrated by our methodical comparisons with state-of-the-art approaches. Our hyperparameter modifications enhanced the model performance and strengthened its capacity for generalization, giving medical practitioners a more accurate and effective tool for making crucial judgments regarding brain tumor diagnosis. Our model is a significant step in the right direction toward trustworthy and accurate medical diagnosis, with practical implications for improving patient outcomes."
2742,brain tumour,39201816,"Shedding Light on Viral Shedding: Novel Insights into Nuclear Assembly, Cytoplasmic Transformation and Extracellular Vesicle Release of the BK Virus.","Despite the high prevalence of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) and the associated risk for BKPyV-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) in kidney transplant (KTX) recipients, many details on viral processes such as replication, maturation, assembly and virion release from host cells have not been fully elucidated. VP1 is a polyomavirus-specific protein that is expressed in the late phase of its replicative cycle with important functions in virion assembly and infectious particle release. This study investigated the localization and time-dependent changes in the distribution of VP1-positive viral particles and their association within the spectrum of differing cell morphologies that are observed in the urine of KTX patients upon active BKPyV infection. We found highly differing recognition patterns of two anti-VP1 antibodies with respect to intracellular and extracellular VP1 localization, pointing towards independent binding sites that were seemingly associated with differing stages of virion maturation. Cells originating from single clones were stably cultured out of the urine sediment of KTX recipients with suspected BKPyVAN. The cell morphology, polyploidy, virus replication and protein production were investigated by confocal microscopy using both a monoclonal (mAb 4942) and a polyclonal rabbit anti-VP1-specific antibody (RantiVP1 Ab). Immunoblotting was performed to investigate changes in the VP1 protein. Both antibodies visualized VP1 and the mAb 4942 recognized VP1 in cytoplasmic vesicles exhibiting idiomorphic sizes when released from the cells. In contrast, the polyclonal antibody detected VP1 within the nucleus and in cytoplasm in colocalization with the endoplasmic reticulum marker CNX. At the nuclear rim, VP1 was recognized by both antibodies. Immunoblotting revealed two smaller versions of VP1 in urinary decoy cell extracts, potentially from different translation start sites as evaluated by in silico analysis. Oxford Nanopore sequencing showed integration of BKPyV DNA in chromosomes 3, 4 and 7 in one of the five tested primary cell lines which produced high viral copies throughout four passages before transcending into senescence. The different staining with two VP1-specific antibodies emphasizes the modification of VP1 during the process of virus maturation and cellular exit. The integration of BKPyV into the human genome leads to high virus production; however, this alone does not transform the cell line into a permanently cycling and indefinitely replicating one."
2743,brain tumour,39201811,Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) Suppresses Tumor Growth by Regulating Mitochondrial Metabolism and Synaptic Remodeling in Gliomas.,"Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is increasingly recognized as a key regulator of cellular metabolism, which is commonly dysregulated in cancer cells, resulting in enhanced proliferation and tumor progression. To investigate the clinicopathologic implications of SIRT5 dysregulation in glioblastoma, we performed comprehensive analyses of transcriptomic data and functional verifications using in vitro and in vivo glioblastoma models. We found that higher SIRT5 expression levels were associated with a favorable prognosis in glioma patients. Knockdown of SIRT5 significantly enhanced glioblastoma cell growth. Our data suggest its potential role in regulating mitochondrial metabolism in gliomas. Furthermore, SIRT5 is also significantly correlated with synaptic remodeling pathways. Our findings indicate a tumor-suppressive role for SIRT5 that extends beyond regulating cancer metabolism, by which it may function through modulating neuroplasticity. Understanding these cellular interactions provides nuanced insights into the multifaceted role of SIRT5 and the broader therapeutic implications of this for the development of novel treatment strategies."
2744,brain tumour,39201801,Integrated Analysis of Phagocytic and Immunomodulatory Markers in Cervical Cancer Reveals Constellations of Potential Prognostic Relevance.,"Despite improvements in vaccination, screening, and treatment, cervical cancer (CC) remains a major healthcare problem on a global scale. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important and controversial role in cancer development, and the mechanism of the tumor's escape from immunological surveillance is still not clearly defined. We aim to investigate the expression of CD68 and CD47 in patients with different histological variants of CC, tumor characteristics, and burden. This is a retrospective cohort study performed on paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from 191 patients diagnosed with CC between 2014 and 2021 at the Medical University Pleven, Bulgaria. Slides for immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation were obtained, and the expression of CD68 was scored in intratumoral (IT) and stromal (ST) macrophages (CD68+cells) using a three-point scoring scale. The CD47 expression was reported as an H-score. All statistical analyses were performed using R v. 4.3.1 for Windows. Infiltration by CD68-IT cells in the tumor depended on histological type and the expression of CD47. Higher levels of the CD47 H-score were significantly more frequent among patients in the early stage. Higher levels of infiltration by CD68-ST cells were associated with worse prognosis, and the infiltration of CD68-IT cells was associated with reduced risk of death from neoplastic disease. TME is a complex ecosystem that has a major role in the growth and development of tumors. Macrophages are a major component of innate immunity and, when associated with a tumor process, are defined as TAM. Tumor cells try to escape immunological surveillance in three ways, and one of them is reducing immunogenicity by the overexpression of negative coreceptors by T-lymphocytes and their ligands on the surface of tumor cells. One such mechanism is the expression of CD47 in tumor cells, which sends a ""don't eat me"" signal to the macrophages and, thus, prevents phagocytosis. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has tried to establish the relationship between the CD47 and CD68 expression levels and some clinicopathologic features in CC. We found that the only clinicopathological feature implicating the level of CD68 infiltration was the histological variant of the tumor, and only for CD68-IT-high levels were these observed in SCC. High levels of CD47 expression were seen more frequently in pT1B than pT2A and pT2B in the FIGO I stage than in the FIGO II and III stages. Infiltration by large numbers of CD68-IT cells was much more common among patients with a high expression of CD47 in tumor cells. A high level of infiltration by CD68-ST cells was associated with a worse prognosis, and a high level of infiltration by CD68-ST cells was associated with a lower risk of death from cancer."
2745,brain tumour,39201705,Influence of Exercise and Genistein to Mitigate the Deleterious Effects of High-Fat High-Sugar Diet on Alzheimer's Disease-Related Markers in Male Mice.,"The prevalence of obesity and related consequences, including insulin resistance and Alzheimer's-like neuropathology, has increased dramatically. Contributing to this prevalence is the shift in lifestyle preference away from wholesome foods and exercise to the Western-style diet and sedentarism. Despite advances in drug development, a healthy diet and regular exercise remain the most effective approaches to mitigating the unwanted sequelae of diet-induced obesity on brain health. In this study, we used the high-fat high-sugar (HFHS) mouse model of neurodegeneration to examine the effects of exercise training (HFHS+Ex), genistein treatment (HFHS+Gen), and combination treatment (HFHS+Ex+Gen) on proteins relating to neurodegeneration in the brain of male mice. After a period of 12 weeks, as expected, HFHS feeding increased body weight, adipose tissue weight, and systemic plasma inflammation (TNF-α) compared to lean mice fed a standard diet. HFHS feeding also increased protein expression of brain markers of insulin resistance (pGSK-3β, p-IR), apoptosis (caspase 3), early neurofibrillary tangles (CP13), and amyloid-beta precursor (CT20). Compared to HFHS mice, Ex decreased body weight, plasma TNF-α, and expression of pGSK-3β, caspase 3, CP13, amyloid-β precursor (22c11), and ADAM10. Treatment with Gen was equally protective on these markers and decreased the expression of p-IR. Combination treatment with Ex and Gen afforded the greatest overall benefits, and this group exhibited the greatest reduction in body and adipose tissue weight and all brain markers, except for 22c11 and ADAM10, which were decreased compared to mice fed an HFHS diet. In addition, levels of 4G8, which detects protein levels of amyloid-β, were decreased with combination treatment. Our results indicate that exercise training, genistein supplementation, or combination treatment provide varying degrees of neuroprotection from HFHS feeding-induced Alzheimer's pathology. Future perspectives could include evaluating moderate exercise regimens in combination with dietary supplementation with genistein in humans to determine whether the same benefits translate clinically."
2746,brain tumour,39201639,"Gliomagenesis, Epileptogenesis, and Remodeling of Neural Circuits: Relevance for Novel Treatment Strategies in Low- and High-Grade Gliomas.","Gliomas present a complex challenge in neuro-oncology, often accompanied by the debilitating complication of epilepsy. Understanding the biological interaction and common pathways between gliomagenesis and epileptogenesis is crucial for improving the current understanding of tumorigenesis and also for developing effective management strategies. Shared genetic and molecular mechanisms, such as IDH mutations and dysregulated glutamate signaling, contribute to both tumor progression and seizure development. Targeting these pathways, such as through direct inhibition of mutant IDH enzymes or modulation of glutamate receptors, holds promise for improving patient outcomes. Additionally, advancements in surgical techniques, like supratotal resection guided by connectomics, offer opportunities for maximally safe tumor resection and enhanced seizure control. Advanced imaging modalities further aid in identifying epileptogenic foci and tailoring treatment approaches based on the tumor's metabolic characteristics. This review aims to explore the complex interplay between gliomagenesis, epileptogenesis, and neural circuit remodeling, offering insights into shared molecular pathways and innovative treatment strategies to improve outcomes for patients with gliomas and associated epilepsy."
2747,brain tumour,39201395,Molecular Determinants for Photodynamic Therapy Resistance and Improved Photosensitizer Delivery in Glioma.,"Gliomas account for 24% of all the primary brain and Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors. These tumors are diverse in cellular origin, genetic profile, and morphology but collectively have one of the most dismal prognoses of all cancers. Work is constantly underway to discover a new effective form of glioma therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) may be one of them. It involves the local or systemic application of a photosensitive compound-a photosensitizer (PS)-which accumulates in the affected tissues. Photosensitizer molecules absorb light of the appropriate wavelength, initiating the activation processes leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species and the selective destruction of inappropriate cells. Research focusing on the effective use of PDT in glioma therapy is already underway with promising results. In our work, we provide detailed insights into the molecular changes in glioma after photodynamic therapy. We describe a number of molecules that may contribute to the resistance of glioma cells to PDT, such as the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette efflux transporter G2, glutathione, ferrochelatase, heme oxygenase, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1. We identify molecular targets that can be used to improve the photosensitizer delivery to glioma cells, such as the epithelial growth factor receptor, neuropilin-1, low-density lipoprotein receptor, and neuropeptide Y receptors. We note that PDT can increase the expression of some molecules that reduce the effectiveness of therapy, such as Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glutamate, and nitric oxide. However, the scientific literature lacks clear data on the effects of PDT on many of the molecules described, and the available reports are often contradictory. In our work, we highlight the gaps in this knowledge and point to directions for further research that may enhance the efficacy of PDT in the treatment of glioma."
2748,brain tumour,39201386,Advancements in Telomerase-Targeted Therapies for Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary CNS tumor that is highly lethal in adults and has limited treatment options. Despite advancements in understanding the GBM biology, the standard treatment for GBM has remained unchanged for more than a decade. Only 6.8% of patients survive beyond five years. Telomerase, particularly the hTERT promoter mutations present in up to 80% of GBM cases, represents a promising therapeutic target due to its role in sustaining telomere length and cancer cell proliferation. This review examines the biology of telomerase in GBM and explores potential telomerase-targeted therapies. We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA-P guidelines in the MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases, from January 1995 to April 2024. We searched for suitable articles by utilizing the terms ""GBM"", ""high-grade gliomas"", ""hTERT"" and ""telomerase"". We incorporated studies addressing telomerase-targeted therapies into GBM studies, excluding non-English articles, reviews, and meta-analyses. We evaluated a total of 777 records and 46 full texts, including 36 studies in the final review. Several compounds aimed at inhibiting hTERT transcription demonstrated promising preclinical outcomes; however, they were unsuccessful in clinical trials owing to intricate regulatory pathways and inadequate pharmacokinetics. Direct hTERT inhibitors encountered numerous obstacles, including a prolonged latency for telomere shortening and the activation of the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). The G-quadruplex DNA stabilizers appeared to be potential indirect inhibitors, but further clinical studies are required. Imetelstat, the only telomerase inhibitor that has undergone clinical trials, has demonstrated efficacy in various cancers, but its efficacy in GBM has been limited. Telomerase-targeted therapies in GBM is challenging due to complex hTERT regulation and inadequate inhibitor pharmacokinetics. Our study demonstrates that, despite promising preclinical results, no Telomerase inhibitors have been approved for GBM, and clinical trials have been largely unsuccessful. Future strategies may include Telomerase-based vaccines and multi-target inhibitors, which may provide more effective treatments when combined with a better understanding of telomere dynamics and tumor biology. These treatments have the potential to be integrated with existing ones and to improve the outcomes for patients with GBM."
2749,brain tumour,39201118,Non-Adherence to Peripheral Venous Catheter Care Protocols Significantly Decreases Patient Safety and Impacts Costs: A Retrospective Observational Study.,"In the healthcare field, the effective implementation of clinical protocols is crucial to ensuring patient safety and well-being. In this context, this study evaluates nurses' adherence to the maintenance and replacement protocol of peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) in a university hospital in Spain, examining the impact of compliance with the protocol on the loss of PVCs and on patient safety in addition to analyzing the related costs. A retrospective observational study was conducted with 590 patients who were admitted in 2018 and 2019. The chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate, was used to see the association between the study variables; with the dependent variable being the loss of PVCs (including, as a dependent variable, the loss of PVCs before 48 h). The patients' electronic and physical medical records were reviewed to analyze nursing interventions related to the management of PVCs. A total of 24% of patients experienced PVC loss within the first 24 h after insertion. Failure to comply with the protocol resulted in 80% more catheter loss and increased the cost of cannulation by 46.84%. Low compliance with PVC care protocols significantly increases the risk of catheter loss, suggesting the need for increased training and strict protocol implementation. The findings emphasize the critical role of nursing in ensuring patient safety through adherence to evidence-based protocols. Continuing education and diligent protocol implementation are essential to reducing healthcare costs and improving patient outcomes."
2750,brain tumour,39201013,The Power of a Belief System: A Systematic Qualitative Synthesis of Spiritual Care for Patients with Brain Tumors.,
2751,brain tumour,39200286,Current Non-Metal Nanoparticle-Based Therapeutic Approaches for Glioblastoma Treatment.,"The increase in the variety of nano-based tools offers new possibilities to approach the therapy of poorly treatable tumors, which includes glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; a primary brain tumor). The available nanocomplexes exhibit great potential as vehicles for the targeted delivery of anti-GBM compounds, including chemotherapeutics, nucleic acids, and inhibitors. The main advantages of nanoparticles (NPs) include improved drug stability, increased penetration of the blood-brain barrier, and better precision of tumor targeting. Importantly, alongside their drug-delivery ability, NPs may also present theranostic properties, including applications for targeted imaging or photothermal therapy of malignant brain cells. The available NPs can be classified into two categories according to their core, which can be metal or non-metal based. Among non-metal NPs, the most studied in regard to GBM treatment are exosomes, liposomes, cubosomes, polymeric NPs, micelles, dendrimers, nanogels, carbon nanotubes, and silica- and selenium-based NPs. They are characterized by satisfactory stability and biocompatibility, limited toxicity, and high accumulation in the targeted tumor tissue. Moreover, they can be easily functionalized for the improved delivery of their cargo to GBM cells. Therefore, the non-metal NPs discussed here, offer a promising approach to improving the treatment outcomes of aggressive GBM tumors."
2752,brain tumour,39200180,Magnesium Ion: A New Switch in Tumor Treatment.,"The magnesium ion is an essential cation in the human body and participates in numerous physiological activities. A deficiency in magnesium ions is closely associated with tumor development, and supplementation with magnesium ions has been shown to partially inhibit tumor growth. However, the specific mechanisms by which magnesium ions suppress tumor proliferation remain unclear. Currently, studies have revealed that mitochondria may serve as a crucial intermediate link in the regulation of tumors by magnesium ions. Mitochondria might intervene in the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells by modulating energy metabolism and oxidative stress levels. Regrettably, there has been no comprehensive review of the role of magnesium in cancer therapy to date. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive scrutiny of the relationship between magnesium ions and tumors, aiming to offer insights for clinical tumor treatment strategies involving magnesium ion intervention."
2753,brain tumour,39200124,Clinical Utility of Optical Genome Mapping for Improved Cytogenomic Analysis of Gliomas.,"A glioma is a solid brain tumor which originates in the brain or brain stem area. The diagnosis of gliomas based on standard-of-care (SOC) techniques includes karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and chromosomal microarray (CMA), for detecting the pathogenic variants and chromosomal abnormalities. But these techniques do not reveal the complete picture of genetic complexity, thus requiring an alternative technology for better characterization of these tumors. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance and feasibility of using optical genome mapping (OGM) for chromosomal characterization of gliomas. Herein, we evaluated 10 cases of gliomas that were previously characterized by CMA. OGM analysis showed concordance with the results of CMA in identifying the characterized Structural Variants (SVs) in these cases. More notably, it also revealed additional clinically relevant aberrations, demonstrating a higher resolution and sensitivity. These clinically relevant SVs included cryptic translocation, and SVs which are beyond the detection capabilities of CMA. Our analysis highlights the unique capability of OGM to detect all classes of SVs within a single assay, thereby unveiling clinically significant data with a shorter turnaround time. Adopting this diagnostic tool as a standard of care for solid tumors like gliomas shows potential for improving therapeutic management, potentially leading to more personalized and timely interventions for patients."
2754,brain tumour,39200114,Zonulin as Gatekeeper in Gut-Brain Axis: Dysregulation in Glioblastoma.,"Novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor with an extremely unfavorable prognosis, are urgently needed. Recent studies revealed a significant upregulation of the protein zonulin in glioblastoma, which correlates with patient survival. Originally identified as pre-haptoglobin-2, zonulin modulates both the intestinal barrier and the blood-brain barrier by disassembling tight junctions. An association of zonulin with various neuroinflammatory diseases has been observed. It can be suggested that zonulin links a putative impairment of the gut-brain barrier with glioblastoma carcinogenesis, leading to an interaction of the gut microbiome, the immune system, and glioblastoma. We therefore propose three interconnected hypotheses: (I) elevated levels of zonulin in glioblastoma contribute to its aggressiveness; (II) upregulated (serum-) zonulin increases the permeability of the microbiota-gut-brain barrier; and (III) this creates a carcinogenic and immunosuppressive microenvironment preventing the host from an effective antitumor response. The role of zonulin in glioblastoma highlights a promising field of research that could yield diagnostic and therapeutic options for glioblastoma patients and other diseases with a disturbed microbiota-gut-brain barrier."
2755,brain tumour,39199751,Muscle Synergy Analysis as a Tool for Assessing the Effectiveness of Gait Rehabilitation Therapies: A Methodological Review and Perspective.,"According to the modular hypothesis for the control of movement, muscles are recruited in synergies, which capture muscle coordination in space, time, or both. In the last two decades, muscle synergy analysis has become a well-established framework in the motor control field and for the characterization of motor impairments in neurological patients. Altered modular control during a locomotion task has been often proposed as a potential quantitative metric for characterizing pathological conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to analyze the recent literature that used a muscle synergy analysis of neurological patients' locomotion as an indicator of motor rehabilitation therapy effectiveness, encompassing the key methodological elements to date. Searches for the relevant literature were made in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Most of the 15 full-text articles which were retrieved and included in this review identified an effect of the rehabilitation intervention on muscle synergies. However, the used experimental and methodological approaches varied across studies. Despite the scarcity of studies that investigated the effect of rehabilitation on muscle synergies, this review supports the utility of muscle synergies as a marker of the effectiveness of rehabilitative therapy and highlights the challenges and open issues that future works need to address to introduce the muscle synergies in the clinical practice and decisional process."
2756,brain tumour,39199683,CAR-T Cells in the Treatment of Nervous System Tumors.,"Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts) have shown a remarkable efficacy in hematological malignancies but limited responses in solid tumors. Among solid tumors, CAR-T cell therapy has been particularly explored in brain tumors. CAR-T cells have shown a limited clinical efficacy in various types of brain tumors due to several factors that have hampered their activity, including tumor antigen heterogeneity, the limited access of CAR-T cells to brain tumor cells, limited CAR-T cell trafficking and in vivo persistence and the presence of a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Despite these considerations, some recent studies have shown promising antitumor activity of GD2-CAR-T cells on diffuse midline gliomas and neuroblastomas and of CARv3-TEAM-E cells in glioblastomas. However, strategies are required to improve the effect of CAR-T cells in brain tumors, including advanced CAR-T cell design with multiple antigenic targeting and incorporation of combination therapies."
2757,brain tumour,39199662,Image-Guided Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) Radionuclide Therapy for Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive, invasive, and growth factor-independent grade IV glioma. Survival following the diagnosis is generally poor, with a median survival of approximately 15 months, and it is considered the most aggressive and lethal central nervous system tumor. Conventional treatments based on surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy only delay progression, and death is inevitable. Malignant glioma cells are resistant to traditional therapies, potentially due to a subpopulation of glioma stem cells that are invasive and capable of rapid regrowth."
2758,brain tumour,39199644,Risk Factors of Distant Recurrence and Dissemination of ,Isocitrate dehydrogenase (
2759,brain tumour,39199641,Challenges and Opportunities in Accessing Surgery for Glioblastoma in Low-Middle Income Countries: A Narrative Review.,"Glioblastoma: a highly aggressive brain tumor, presents substantial challenges in treatment and management, with surgical intervention playing a pivotal role in improving patient outcomes. Disparities in access to brain tumor surgery arise from a multitude of factors, including socioeconomic status, geographical location, and healthcare resource allocation. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) often face significant barriers to accessing surgical services, such as shortages of specialized neurosurgical expertise, limited healthcare infrastructure, and financial constraints. Consequently, glioblastoma patients in LMICs experience delays in diagnosis, suboptimal treatment, and poorer clinical outcomes compared to patients in high-income countries (HICs). The clinical impact of these disparities is profound. Patients in LMICs are more likely to be diagnosed at advanced disease stages, receive less effective treatment, and have lower survival rates than their counterparts in HICs. Additionally, disparities in access to surgical care exacerbate economic and societal burdens, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted interventions and health policy reforms to address healthcare inequities. This review highlights the importance of addressing global disparities in access to brain tumor surgery for glioblastoma through collaborative efforts, policy advocacy, and resource allocation, aiming to improve outcomes and promote equity in surgical care delivery for all glioblastoma patients worldwide."
2760,brain tumour,39199623,Temozolomide and the PARP Inhibitor Niraparib Enhance Expression of Natural Killer Group 2D Ligand ULBP1 and Gamma-Delta T Cell Cytotoxicity in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an immunologically cold tumor, but several immunotherapy-based strategies show promise, including the administration of ex vivo expanded and activated cytotoxic gamma delta T cells. Cytotoxicity is partially mediated through interactions with natural killer group 2D ligands (NKG2DL) on tumor cells. We sought to determine whether the addition of the blood-brain barrier penetrant PARP inhibitor niraparib to the standard of care DNA alkylator temozolomide (TMZ) could upregulate NKG2DL, thereby improving immune cell recognition. Changes in viability were consistent with prior publications as there was a growth inhibitory effect of the combination of TMZ and niraparib. However, decreases in viability did not always correlate with changes in NKG2DL mRNA. "
2761,brain tumour,39199561,"Tumor-Like Lesions in the Craniovertebral Junction: A Case Series, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis.",
2762,brain tumour,39199547,Navigating Brain Metastases: Unveiling the Potential of 3-Tesla Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging.,"Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) has witnessed significant growth in the field of neurosurgery, particularly in glioma surgery, enhancing image-guided neuronavigation and optimizing the extent of resection (EOR). Despite its extensive use in the treatment of gliomas, its utility in brain metastases (BMs) remains unexplored. This study examined the effect of iMRI on BM resection. This retrospective study was conducted at the neurosurgical center of the University Hospital of the Technical University of Munich and involved 25 patients with BM who underwent resection using 3-Tesla iMRI between 2018 and 2022. Volumetric measurements of the resected contrast-enhancing metastases were performed using preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative MRI images. The Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) and neurological status of the patients were assessed pre- and postoperatively. Local recurrence and in-brain progression were reported in patients who underwent follow-up MRI at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. In this cohort ("
2763,brain tumour,39199455,Intramedullary Metastases to Conus Medullaris: A Review of the Literature with a Case Illustration.,
2764,brain tumour,39199440,Gruppo Otologico's Experience in Managing the So-Called Inoperable Tympanojugular Paraganglioma.,
2765,brain tumour,39199310,Complex Interplay between DNA Damage and Autophagy in Disease and Therapy.,"Cancer, a multifactorial disease characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation, remains a global health challenge with significant morbidity and mortality. Genomic and molecular aberrations, coupled with environmental factors, contribute to its heterogeneity and complexity. Chemotherapeutic agents like doxorubicin (Dox) have shown efficacy against various cancers but are hindered by dose-dependent cytotoxicity, particularly on vital organs like the heart and brain. Autophagy, a cellular process involved in self-degradation and recycling, emerges as a promising therapeutic target in cancer therapy and neurodegenerative diseases. Dysregulation of autophagy contributes to cancer progression and drug resistance, while its modulation holds the potential to enhance treatment outcomes and mitigate adverse effects. Additionally, emerging evidence suggests a potential link between autophagy, DNA damage, and caretaker breast cancer genes BRCA1/2, highlighting the interplay between DNA repair mechanisms and cellular homeostasis. This review explores the intricate relationship between cancer, Dox-induced cytotoxicity, autophagy modulation, and the potential implications of autophagy in DNA damage repair pathways, particularly in the context of BRCA1/2 mutations."
2766,brain tumour,39198884,"Systematic transcriptomic analysis of childhood medulloblastoma identifies N6-methyladenosine-dependent lncRNA signatures associated with molecular subtype, immune cell infiltration, and prognosis.","Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, is classified into four main molecular subgroups, but group 3 and group 4 tumors are difficult to subclassify and have a poor prognosis. Rapid point-of-care diagnostic and prognostic assays are needed to improve medulloblastoma risk stratification and management. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a common RNA modification and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a central role in tumor progression, but their impact on gene expression and associated clinical outcomes in medulloblastoma are unknown. Here we analyzed 469 medulloblastoma tumor transcriptomes to identify lncRNAs co-expressed with m6A regulators. Using LASSO-Cox analysis, we identified a five-gene m6A-associated lncRNA signature (M6LSig) significantly associated with overall survival, which was combined in a prognostic clinical nomogram. Using expression of the 67 m6A-associated lncRNAs, a subgroup classification model was generated using the XGBoost machine learning algorithm, which had a classification accuracy > 90%, including for group 3 and 4 samples. All M6LSig genes were significantly correlated with at least one immune cell type abundance in the tumor microenvironment, and the risk score was positively correlated with CD4"
2767,brain tumour,39198855,Successful pain control with add-on methadone for refractory neuropathic pain due to radiation necrosis in pontine metastatic lesion: a case report.,"Central pain, characterized by neuropathic pain, can manifest due to injury to the superior spinothalamic tract. The brainstem includes sensory and motor pathways as well as nuclei of the cranial nerves, and therefore cancer metastasis in the region requires early intervention. Although stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is commonly employed for the treatment of brain metastasis, it poses risks of late complications like radiation necrosis (RN). RN exacerbates the progression of brain lesions within the irradiated area, and in the brainstem, it can damage multiple nerves, including the superior spinothalamic tract. Central neuropathic pain is often intractable and empirically managed with a combination of conventional drugs, such as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and anticonvulsants. However, their efficacy is often limited, leading to a decline in performance status (PS) and quality of life (QOL)."
2768,brain tumour,39198514,Functional prediction of response to therapy prior to therapeutic intervention is associated with improved survival in patients with high-grade glioma.,"Patients with high-grade glioma (HGG) have an extremely poor prognosis compounded by a lack of advancement in clinical care over the past few decades. Regardless of classification, most newly diagnosed patients receive the same treatment, radiation and temozolomide (RT/TMZ). We developed a functional precision oncology test that prospectively identifies individual patient's response to this treatment regimen. Tumor tissues isolated from patients with newly diagnosed HGG enrolled in 3D PREDICT REGISTRY were evaluated for response to chemotherapeutic agents using the 3D Predict™ Glioma test. Patients receiving RT/TMZ were followed for 2 years. Clinical outcomes including imaging, assessments, and biomarker measurements were compared to patient matched test-predicted therapy response. Median survival between test-predicted temozolomide responders and test-predicted temozolomide non-responders revealed a statistically significant increase in progression-free survival when using the test to predict response across multiple subgroups including HGG (5.8 months), glioblastoma (4.7 months), and MGMT unmethylated glioblastoma (4.7 months). Overall survival was also positively separated across the subgroups at 7.6, 5.1, and 6.3 months respectively. The strong correlation of 3D Predict Glioma test results with clinical outcomes demonstrates that this functional test is prognostic in patients treated with RT/TMZ and supports aligning clinical treatment to test-predicted response across varying HGG subgroups."
2769,brain tumour,39198451,The proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase c-SRC facilitates glioblastoma progression by remodeling fatty acid synthesis.,"Increased fatty acid synthesis benefits glioblastoma malignancy. However, the coordinated regulation of cytosolic acetyl-CoA production, the exclusive substrate for fatty acid synthesis, remains unclear. Here, we show that proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase c-SRC is activated in glioblastoma and remodels cytosolic acetyl-CoA production for fatty acid synthesis. Firstly, acetate is an important substrate for fatty acid synthesis in glioblastoma. c-SRC phosphorylates acetyl-CoA synthetase ACSS2 at Tyr530 and Tyr562 to stimulate the conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA in cytosol. Secondly, c-SRC inhibits citrate-derived acetyl-CoA synthesis by phosphorylating ATP-citrate lyase ACLY at Tyr682. ACLY phosphorylation shunts citrate to IDH1-catalyzed NADPH production to provide reducing equivalent for fatty acid synthesis. The c-SRC-unresponsive double-mutation of ACSS2 and ACLY significantly reduces fatty acid synthesis and hampers glioblastoma progression. In conclusion, this remodeling fulfills the dual needs of glioblastoma cells for both acetyl-CoA and NADPH in fatty acid synthesis and provides evidence for glioma treatment by c-SRC inhibition."
2770,brain tumour,39198333,Comparative analysis of GPT-4-based ChatGPT's diagnostic performance with radiologists using real-world radiology reports of brain tumors.,Large language models like GPT-4 have demonstrated potential for diagnosis in radiology. Previous studies investigating this potential primarily utilized quizzes from academic journals. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic capabilities of GPT-4-based Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) using actual clinical radiology reports of brain tumors and compare its performance with that of neuroradiologists and general radiologists.
2771,brain tumour,39198290,"Letter to the editor: ""Route patterns of the collateral venous pathway in patients with tumors invading the superior sagittal sinus: an angiographic study and clinical applications"".",No abstract found
2772,brain tumour,39198249,ATM Activation is Key in Vasculogenic Mimicry Formation by Glioma Stem-like Cells.,"Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a novel vasculogenic process integral to glioma stem cells (GSCs) in glioblastoma (GBM). However, the relationship between VM and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) serine/threonine kinase activation, which confers chemoradiotherapy resistance, remains unclear."
2773,brain tumour,39198096,Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment Associated with APOE rs7412 and BDNF rs6265 in Breast Cancer Survivors.,"Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a highly prevalent and debilitating symptom reported by breast cancer survivors (BCS). The etiology of CRCI remains unclear, leading to poor symptom management. Building from prior studies, BCS with the C/C genotype of apolipoprotein E (APOE) rs7412 and the T/T genotype of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) rs6265 were hypothesized to experience more severe CRCI. Therefore, we investigated the relationships between the severity of CRCI and polymorphisms of APOE and BDNF among BCS."
2774,brain tumour,39197927,The Predictive Value of Different Glasgow Prognostic Scores and the LabBM Score for Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma.,The prognostic value of scoring instruments was described for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. This study investigated five instruments in patients with recurrent tumors.
2775,brain tumour,39197923,[,"Positron emission tomography (PET) is an important imaging modality, especially in oncology. ["
2776,brain tumour,39197897,Melanocortin Receptor Agonist Bremelanotide Induces Cell Death and Growth Inhibition in Glioblastoma Cells ,"Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain tumor and has a dismal prognosis; therefore, novel therapeutic approaches based on the mechanisms underlying its aggressive nature are urgently required. A growing body of evidence suggests that neurotransmitters play a key role in modulating the biology of glioblastoma; however, the role of melanocortins remains unclear."
2777,brain tumour,39197597,Icariin targets p53 to protect against ceramide-induced neuronal senescence: Implication in Alzheimer's disease.,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia. The aging brain is particularly vulnerable to various stressors, including increased levels of ceramide. However, the role of ceramide in neuronal cell senescence and AD progression and whether icariin, a natural flavonoid glucoside, could reverse neuronal senescence remain inadequately understood."
2778,brain tumour,39197543,Central innate immunization induces tolerance against post-traumatic stress disorder-like behavior and neuroinflammatory responses in male mice.,"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe psychiatric disorder associated with abnormally elevated neuroinflammatory responses. Suppression of neuroinflammation is considered to be effective in ameliorating PTSD-like behaviors in rodents. Since pre-stimulation of microglia prior to stress exposure can prevent neuroinflammation, we hypothesized that pre-stimulation of microglia may prevent PTSD in animals. The results show that a single injection of a classical immune stimulant, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), at 50, 100 or 500, but not 10 μg/kg, one day before stress exposure, prevented the anxiety- and fear-like behaviors induced by modified single prolonged stress (mSPS). The time-dependent analysis shows that a single injection of LPS (100 μg/kg) either one or five, but not ten, days before stress prevented mSPS-induced anxiety- and fear-like behaviors. A second low-dose LPS injection 10 days after the first injection or a repeated LPS injection (4 × ) 10 days before stress induced tolerance to mSPS. Mechanistic studies show that a single injection of LPS one day before stress stimulation prevented mSPS-induced increases in levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6 mRNA in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. Inhibition of microglia by pretreatment with minocycline or depletion of microglia by PLX3397 abolished the preventive effect of low-dose LPS pre-injection on mSPS-induced anxiety- and fear-like behavior and neuroinflammatory responses. These results suggest that pre-stimulation of microglia may prevent the development of PTSD-like behaviors by attenuating the development of neuroinflammatory responses. This could help to develop new strategies to prevent the damaging effects of harmful stress on the brain."
2779,brain tumour,39197295,NINJ1: A new player in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis and potential therapeutic target.,"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by demyelination. Current treatment options for MS focus on immunosuppression, but their efficacy can be limited. Recent studies suggest a potential role for nerve injury-induced protein 1 (NINJ1) in MS pathogenesis. NINJ1, a protein involved in cell death and inflammation, may contribute to the infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells in the CNS, potentially through enhanced blood-brain barrier crossing; enhancing plasma membrane rupture during cell death, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators and further tissue damage. This review explores the emerging evidence for NINJ1's involvement in MS. It discusses how NINJ1 might mediate the migration of immune cells across the blood-brain barrier, exacerbate neuroinflammation, and participate in plasma membrane rupture-related damage. Finally, the review examines potential therapeutic strategies targeting NINJ1 for improved MS management. Abbreviations: MS, Multiple sclerosis; CNS, Central nervous system; BBB, Blood-brain barrier; GSDMD, Gasdermin-D; EAE, Experimental autoimmune encephalitis; HMGB-1, High mobility group box-1 protein; LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase; PMR, Plasma membrane rupture; DMF, Dimethyl fumarate; DUSP1, Dual-specificity phosphatase 1; PAMPs, Pathogen-associated molecular patterns; DAMPs, Danger-associated molecular patterns; PRRs, Pattern recognition receptors; GM-CSF, Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor; IFN-γ, Interferon gamma; TNF, Tumor necrosis factor; APCs, Antigen-presenting cells; ECs, Endothelial cells; TGF-β, Transforming growth factor-β; PBMCs, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; FACS, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting; MCP-1, Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; NLRP3, Pyrin domain-containing 3; TCR, T cell receptor; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; AP-1, Activator protein-1; ANG1, Angiopoietin 1; BMDMs, Bone marrow-derived macrophages; Arp2/3, actin-related protein 2/3; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition; FAK, focal adhesion kinase; LIMK1, LIM domain kinase 1; PAK1, p21-activated kinases 1; Rac1, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1; β-cat, β-caten; MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88; TIRAP, Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4; IRAKs, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases; TRAF6, TNF receptor associated factor 6; TAB2/3, TAK1 binding protein 2/3; TAK1, transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; ERK1/2, Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase 1/2; IKK, inhibitor of kappa B kinase; IκB, inhibitor of NF-κB; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B; AP-1, activator protein-1; ASC, Apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing a CARD; NEK7, NIMA-related kinase 7; NLRP3, Pyrin domain-containing 3; CREB, cAMP response element-binding protein."
2780,brain tumour,39197263,CT- and MR-based image-based data mining are consistent in the brain.,"Image-based data mining (IBDM) is a voxel-based analysis technique to investigate dose-response. Most often, IBDM uses radiotherapy planning CTs because of their broad accessibility, however, it was unknown whether CT provided sufficient soft tissue contrast for brain IBDM. This study evaluates whether MR-based IBDM improves upon CT-based IBDM for studies of children with brain tumours."
2781,brain tumour,39197077,How I treat acute venous thromboembolism in patients with brain tumors.,"Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication in patients with brain tumors. The management of acute VTE is particularly challenging due to an elevated risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Risk of developing ICH on anticoagulation is influenced by a number of factors including tumor type, recent surgery, concomitant medications, platelet counts, and radiographic features. In patients with a heightened risk for ICH, the benefits of anticoagulation need to be balanced against a likelihood of developing major hemorrhagic complications. Management decisions include whether to administer anticoagulation, at what dose, placement of an inferior vena cava filter, monitoring for development of hemorrhage or progressive thrombus, and escalation of anticoagulant dose. This article discusses the complexities of treating acute VTE in patients with brain tumors and outlines treatment algorithms based on the presence or absence of ICH at the time of VTE diagnosis. Through case-based scenarios, we illustrate our approach to anticoagulation, emphasizing individualized risk assessments and evidence-based practices to optimize treatment outcomes while minimizing the risks of hemorrhagic events in patients with brain tumors."
2782,brain tumour,39197004,Identification of breast cancer-associated PIK3CA H1047R mutation in blood circulation using an asymmetric PCR assay.,To establish a highly sensitive and specific approach for the detection of circulating PIK3CA H1047R mutation in breast cancer (BC) patients and to investigate the association between the prevalence of PIK3CA H1047R mutation and clinical presentations.
2783,brain tumour,39196960,Next-generation CAR T cell therapies for glioblastoma.,Interim results from two phase 1 trials demonstrate progress in the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for recurrent glioblastoma (GBM).
2784,brain tumour,39196704,Evaluation of the Effect of Radiosurgery for Target and Non-Target Lesions in Patients with Brain Metastases Using RANO-BM Criteria.,The current therapeutic indications of radiosurgery are constantly expanding. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has an important role in the diagnostic and post-therapeutic period of primary and secondary brain tumor formations.
2785,brain tumour,39196641,A Hemorrhagic Brain Mass in a Child With Encephalocraniocutaneous Lipomatosis.,"Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL) is a rare genetic condition with well-described skin, ocular, and central nervous system findings. Several case reports have been documented demonstrating the presence of low-grade gliomas in patients with ECCL and the association with certain FGFR1 mutations. We report on a case of diffuse low-grade glioma, mitogen activated protein kinase pathway altered in a patient with ECCL, who was found to have a distinct FGFR1 mutation."
2786,brain tumour,39196597,"Effect of a seven-strain probiotic on dietary intake, inflammatory markers, and T-cells in severe traumatic brain injury patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","Inflammatory processes are key factors in pathological events associated with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI). The aim of this trial was to determine the effect of probiotics on anthropometric measures, disease severity, inflammatory markers, and T cells in patients with STBI."
2787,brain tumour,39196555,Cognitive Symptoms Across Diverse Cancers.,Psychosocial health services for adults with cancer should include support for cognitive symptoms and symptom clusters.
2788,brain tumour,39196482,Radiotherapy dosing in intracranial ependymoma using the national cancer database.,To determine the dose-dependent effect of adjuvant radiotherapy on survival for pediatric intracranial ependymomas and explore patient and disease characteristics that experience survival benefit from higher doses.
2789,brain tumour,39196481,Raman and autofluorescence spectroscopy for in situ identification of neoplastic tissue during surgical treatment of brain tumors.,Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a promising method for brain tumor detection. Near-infrared autofluorescence (AF) acquired during RS provides additional useful information for tumor identification and was investigated in comparison with RS for delineating brain tumors in situ.
2790,brain tumour,39196480,Blood-tumor barrier in focus - investigation of glioblastoma-induced effects on the blood-brain barrier.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent, malignant, primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by limited treatment options, frequent relapse, and short survival after diagnosis. Until now, none of the existing therapy and treatment approaches have proven to be an effective cure. The availability of predictive human blood-tumor barrier (BTB) test systems that can mimic in-vivo pathophysiology of GBM would be of great interest in preclinical research. Here, we present the establishment of a new BTB in-vitro test system combining GBM spheroids and BBB models derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)."
2791,brain tumour,39196415,Oncolytic virus and tumor-associated macrophage interactions in cancer immunotherapy.,"Oncolytic viruses (OV) are a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy. Their capacity to promote anti-tumoral immunity locally raises hope that cancers unresponsive to current immunotherapy approaches could be tackled more efficiently. In this context, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) must be considered because of their pivotal role in cancer immunity. Even though TAM tend to inhibit anti-tumoral responses, their ability to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and phagocytose cancer cells can be harnessed to promote therapeutic cancer immunity. OVs have the potential to promote TAM pro-inflammatory functions that favor anti-tumoral immunity. But in parallel, TAM pro-inflammatory functions induce OV clearance in the tumor, thereby limiting OV efficacy and highlighting that the interaction between OV and TAM is a double edge sword. Moreover, engineered OVs were recently developed to modulate specific TAM functions such as phagocytic activity. The potential of circulating monocytes to deliver OV into the tumor after intravenous administration is also emerging. In this review, we will present the interaction between OV and TAM, the potential of engineered OV to modulate specific TAM functions, and the promising role of circulating monocytes in OV delivery to the tumor."
2792,brain tumour,39196353,Immunoinflammatory features and cognitive function in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: unraveling distinct patterns in clozapine-resistant patients.,"Patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), particularly those resistant to clozapine (CTRS), pose a clinical challenge due to limited response to standard antipsychotic treatments. Inflammatory factors like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) are implicated in schizophrenia's pathophysiology. Our study examines cognitive function, psychopathological symptoms and inflammatory factors in TRS patients, focusing on differences between CTRS and non-CTRS individuals, as well as healthy controls. A cohort of 115 TRS patients and 84 healthy controls were recruited, assessing IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied to assess psychopathological symptoms, while the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was applied to assess cognitive functioning. CTRS patients showed lower visuospatial constructional score (p = 0.015), higher PANSS scores, higher levels of IL-2 and reduced TNF-α than non-CTRS patients (p < 0.05). Notably, IL-2 was independently associated with psychopathology symptoms in CTRS patients (Beta = 0.268, t = 2.075, p = 0.042), while IL-6 was associated with psychopathology symptoms in non-CTRS patients (Beta = - 0.327, t = - 2.109, p = 0.042). Sex-specific analysis in CTRS patients revealed IL-2 associations with PANSS total and positive symptoms in females, and TNF-α associations with PANSS positive symptoms in males. Furthermore, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α displayed potential diagnostic value in TRS patients and CTRS patients (p < 0.05). Clozapine‑resistant symptoms represent an independent endophenotype in schizophrenia with distinctive immunoinflammatory characteristics, potentially influenced by sex."
2793,brain tumour,39196283,Successful Management of Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome Using Cytokine-Directed Therapy.,"Here we describe a pediatric patient with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome with a good functional and neurologic outcome after treatment with early and aggressive cytokine-directed immunomodulatory therapy and a seizure management strategy that intentionally avoided a barbiturate coma. A 5-year-old previously healthy male presented with staring, behavioral arrest, and encephalopathy evolving to super-refractory status epilepticus. He had had onset of fever 5 days prior. He was treated with early and aggressive immunomodulatory therapy targeted to his evolving cytokine profile. He was also treated with the ketogenic diet, antiseizure medications, and continuous anesthetic infusions. Pentobarbital was purposely avoided. Now, 2½ years later, he attends mainstream school, has attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mild neurocognitive impairment, and well-controlled epilepsy. By using cytokine-directed immunotherapy and avoiding a barbiturate coma, we were able to successfully treat a pediatric patient with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome and achieve a good outcome."
2794,brain tumour,39195509,Metabolic Plasticity of Glioblastoma Cells in Response to DHODH Inhibitor BAY2402234 Treatment.,"Glioblastoma (IDH-wildtype) represents a formidable challenge in oncology, lacking effective chemotherapeutic or biological interventions. The metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells is a hallmark of tumor progression and drug resistance, yet the role of metabolic reprogramming in glioblastoma during drug treatment remains poorly understood. The dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor BAY2402234 is a blood-brain barrier penetrant drug showing efficiency in in vivo models of many brain cancers. In this study, we investigated the effect of BAY2402234 in regulating the metabolic phenotype of EGFRWT and EGFRvIII patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines. Our findings reveal the selective cytotoxicity of BAY2402234 toward EGFRWT glioblastoma subtypes with minimal effect on EGFRvIII patient cells. At sublethal doses, BAY2402234 induces triglyceride synthesis at the expense of membrane lipid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation in EGFRWT glioblastoma cells, while these effects are not observed in EGFRvIII glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, BAY2402234 reduced the abundance of signaling lipid species in EGFRWT glioblastoma. This study elucidates genetic mutation-specific metabolic plasticity and efficacy in glioblastoma cells in response to drug treatment, offering insights into therapeutic avenues for precision medicine approaches."
2795,brain tumour,39195326,Postoperative Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Brain Metastases Receiving Acetylsalicylic Acid Perioperatively.,"Cranial operations are associated with a high risk of postoperative intracranial hemorrhage (pICH) and venous thromboembolic events, along with increased mortality and morbidity. With the use of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) for prophylaxis becoming more prevalent, the risk of bleeding when ASA is administered preoperatively is unknown, as are the effects of discontinuation upon the occurrence of thromboembolic events, especially in societies with aging demographics. To address these questions, a retrospective analysis was performed using medical records and radiological images of 1862 patients subjected to brain tumor surgery over a decade in our department. The risk of pICH was compared in patients with metastases receiving ASA treatment versus patients not receiving ASA treatment. The occurrence of venous thromboembolic events after surgery was also evaluated. The study group consisted of 365 patients with different types of brain metastases. In total, 20 patients suffered pICH and 7 of these were associated with clinical neurological deterioration postoperatively. Of the 58 patients who took ASA preoperatively, 2 patients experienced pICH, compared with 5 patients in the non-ASA impact group ("
2796,brain tumour,39195323,Radiation-Induced Lymphopenia and Its Impact on Survival in Patients with Brain Metastasis.,Differences in radiation-induced lymphopenia and prognosis between methods of radiotherapy (RT) for brain metastases remain unclear.
2797,brain tumour,39195322,Full and Partial Facial Affect Recognition in Pediatric Brain Tumour Survivors and Typically Developing Children Following COVID-19 Pandemic.,"Affect recognition has emerged as a potential mechanism underlying the social competence challenges experienced by pediatric brain tumour survivors (PBTSs). However, many social interactions were altered during the pandemic, with the widespread use of masking potentially impacting affect recognition abilities. Here, we examine affect recognition in PBTSs and typically developing youth (TD) after the onset of the global pandemic. Twenty-three PBTSs and 24 TD between 8 and 16 years old were recruited and completed two performance-based affect recognition tasks (full and partial facial features) and a self-reported questionnaire on mask exposure in their social interactions. Their parents completed parent proxy questionnaires on their child's social adjustment and sociodemographics. The scores between the PBTSs and TD did not differ significantly in full ("
2798,brain tumour,39195307,Social and Emotional Functioning of Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors and Typically Developing Youth Following the Onset of the Pandemic.,
2799,brain tumour,39195222,Importance of Autophagy Regulation in Glioblastoma with Temozolomide Resistance.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common malignant and CNS tumor, accounting for 47.7% of total cases. Glioblastoma has an incidence rate of 3.21 cases per 100,000 people. The regulation of autophagy, a conserved cellular process involved in the degradation and recycling of cellular components, has been found to play an important role in GBM pathogenesis and response to therapy. Autophagy plays a dual role in promoting tumor survival and apoptosis, and here we discuss the complex interplay between autophagy and GBM. We summarize the mechanisms underlying autophagy dysregulation in GBM, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, which is most active in brain tumors, and EGFR and mutant EGFRvIII. We also review potential therapeutic strategies that target autophagy for the treatment of GBM, such as autophagy inhibitors used in combination with the standard of care, TMZ. We discuss our current understanding of how autophagy is involved in TMZ resistance and its role in glioblastoma development and survival."
2800,brain tumour,39194524,Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Progression of Brain Tumors.,"Brain tumors, and, in particular, glioblastoma (GBM), are among the most aggressive forms of cancer. In spite of the advancement in the available therapies, both diagnosis and treatments are still unable to ensure pathology-free survival of the GBM patients for more than 12-15 months. At the basis of the still poor ability to cope with brain tumors, we can consider: (i) intra-tumor heterogeneity; (ii) heterogeneity of the tumor properties when we compare different patients; (iii) the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which makes difficult both isolation of tumor-specific biomarkers and delivering of therapeutic drugs to the brain. Recently, it is becoming increasingly clear that cancer cells release large amounts of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that transport metabolites, proteins, different classes of RNAs, DNA, and lipids. These structures are involved in the pathological process and characterize any particular form of cancer. Moreover, EVs are able to cross the BBB in both directions. Starting from these observations, researchers are now evaluating the possibility to use EVs purified from organic fluids (first of all, blood and saliva), in order to obtain, through non-invasive methods (liquid biopsy), tumor biomarkers, and, perhaps, also for obtaining nanocarriers for the targeted delivering of drugs."
2801,brain tumour,39194192,Evaluation of Factors Influencing Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients After Cranial Tumor Surgery.,The authors retrospectively analyzed the perioperative data of 81 patients who underwent cranial tumor surgery to explore the factors influencing POCD in patients after the surgery.
2802,brain tumour,39193894,"Dexmedetomidine inhibits the migration, invasion, and glycolysis of glioblastoma cells by lactylation of c-myc.",Glioblastoma (GBM) is a brain tumor with poor prognosis. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) regulates the biological behaviors of tumor cells to accelerate or decelerate cancer progression.
2803,brain tumour,39193736,[Reconstruction of internal carotid artery in the resection of paraganglioma of head and neck].,
2804,brain tumour,39193580,Dysregulated zinc homeostasis and microadenomas in the anterior pituitary: pathological insights into suicide risk.,"Suicide is a significant public health problem influenced by various risk factors, including dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Zinc (Zn), essential for pituitary function in hormone synthesis and release, has been linked to suicide, with studies noting reduced serum levels and altered brain transport mechanisms. Despite Zn's crucial role in pituitary function and its involvement in suicidal behavior, information on pituitary Zn in suicide is scarce. Tumor cells modify Zn dynamics in tissues, and a previous report suggests microadenomas in the anterior pituitary as a risk factor for suicide."
2805,brain tumour,39193387,Single versus multiple fraction stereotactic radiosurgery for medium-sized brain metastases (4-14 cc in volume): reducing or fractionating the radiosurgery dose?,"Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of brain metastases (BM) and resection cavities is a widely used and effective treatment modality. Based on target lesion size and anatomical location, single fraction SRS (SF-SRS) or multiple fraction SRS (MF-SRS) are applied. Current clinical recommendations conditionally recommend either reduced dose SF-SRS or MF-SRS for medium-sized BM (2-2.9 cm in diameter). Despite excellent local control rates, SRS carries the risk of radionecrosis (RN). The purpose of this study was to assess the 12-months local control (LC) rate and 12-months RN rate of this specific patient population."
2806,brain tumour,39193383,Case report: A case of Savolitinib in the treatment of ,"The distant metastasis of lung cancer primarily occurs in the bones, liver, brain, and lungs, while the breast is an extremely rare site of metastasis. There is very limited literature on the occurrence of breast metastasis from lung cancer, and metastatic lesions in the breast are prone to being misdiagnosed as primary breast cancer, requiring careful attention and differentiation in the clinical diagnostic and treatment process."
2807,brain tumour,39193355,What could be Improved at Melanoma Patients' Welfare Death? End of Life Perception of Caregivers.,"Despite enormous recent advances in stage IV melanoma treatment, it continues to have a significant mortality. Five-years survival is below 50% even when granted full access to effective therapeutic regimens. Considering the real world, mostly with low or medium-income countries like Brazil, where 75% of population depends on public health system receiving ineffective Dacarbazine chemotherapy, more than 95% of stage IV patients are dead before 5 years. Knowing the survival process of melanoma end-of-life time is imperative to help physicians to establish better symptoms control and improve the quality of death of these patients."
2808,brain tumour,39193161,Current challenges in the treatment of gliomas: The molecular era.,"Gliomas originate from glial cells in the central nervous system. Approximately 80%-85% of malignant brain tumors in adults are gliomas. The most common central nervous system tumor in children is low-grade pediatric glioma. Diagnosis was determined by histological features until 2016 when the World Health Organization classification integrated molecular data with anatomopathological information to achieve a more integral diagnosis. Molecular characterization has led to better diagnostic and prognostic staging, which in turn has increased the precision of treatment. Current efforts are focused on more effective therapies to prolong survival and improve the quality of life of adult and pediatric patients with glioma. However, improvements in survival have been modest. Currently, clinical guidelines, as well as the article by Mohamed "
2809,brain tumour,39193055,Intraparenchymal Chordoma in the Brain Stem: A Review of Surgical Management and Case Highlight.,"We present a rare case of an intraparenchymal chordoma in the brain stem of a 69-year-old male with a history of multiple chordoma recurrences. Chordomas are uncommon tumors that originate from notochordal remnants, with intraparenchymal presentations in the brain stem being particularly rare. A 69-year-old male with a history of clival chordoma three years after primary endoscopic resection and adjuvant proton-beam radiotherapy and a recurrence one year postoperatively for which he underwent a second surgery, presented with severe headaches, weakness, diaphoresis, and difficulty ambulating. Head CT in the ER revealed a 2.7 x 3.5 cm hyperdense lesion in the pons, indicating acute hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested a hemorrhagic radiation-induced cavernoma. A right retrosigmoid craniotomy was performed, and the lesion was resected without major complications. Final pathology reported an intraparenchymal hemorrhagic chordoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case of intra-axial chordoma, particularly in the brain stem. It highlights the importance of considering intraparenchymal chordoma on the differential when evaluating for recurrence versus other treatment-induced pathologies and changes. This may prompt the neurosurgeon to reconsider treatment options and weigh the risks of watchful waiting versus biopsy or even aggressive surgical management."
2810,brain tumour,39193025,Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis associated with ,"Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is a common cause of seizures, and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is the predominant subtype. "
2811,brain tumour,39192978,First step results from a phase II study of a dendritic cell vaccine in glioblastoma patients (CombiG-vax).,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a poor prognosis grade 4 glioma. After surgical resection, the standard therapy consists of concurrent radiotherapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) followed by TMZ alone. Our previous data on melanoma patients showed that Dendritic Cell vaccination (DCvax) could increase the amount of intratumoral-activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes."
2812,brain tumour,39192971,Glioblastoma-derived exosomes promote lipid accumulation and induce ferroptosis in dendritic cells via the NRF2/GPX4 pathway.,"Glioblastoma-derived exosomes (GDEs), containing nucleic acids, proteins, fatty acids and other substances, perform multiple important functions in glioblastoma microenvironment. Tumor-derived exosomes serve as carriers of fatty acids and induce a shift in metabolism towards oxidative phosphorylation, thus driving immune dysfunction of dendritic cells (DCs). Lipid peroxidation is an important characteristic of ferroptosis. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether GDEs can induce lipid accumulation and lipid oxidation to trigger ferroptosis in DCs. In our study, we investigate the impact of GDEs on lipid accumulation and oxidation in DCs by inhibiting GDEs secretion through knocking down the expression of Rab27a using a rat orthotopic glioblastoma model. The results show that inhibiting the secretion of GDEs can reduce lipid accumulation in infiltrating DCs in the brain and decrease mature dendritic cells (mDCs) lipid peroxidation levels, thereby suppressing glioblastoma growth. Mechanistically, we employed "
2813,brain tumour,39192947,The effect of infection with ,"Toxoplasmosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases in the world. Human infection rates range from 10% to 80% in many countries. Female cancer patients receiving chemotherapy are more susceptible to developing acute forms of toxoplasmosis, which can cause brain defects, neurological damage, and encephalitis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Toxoplasma gondii infection on the induction of interferon-gamma in breast cancer patients from Iraq. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on women had breast cancer in Al-Haboubi Teaching Hospital in Nasiriya City-Thi-Qar Province (Iraq) during the period from January to September 2022. Approximately three ml of blood was drawn from all participants and sera were collected. The Sera were then tested for "
2814,brain tumour,39192931,Malignant Melanoma With Neural Marker-Positive Distant Organ Cancers.,"Malignant melanoma is a melanocyte-derived tumor known for its aggressive clinical behavior. Melanocytes originate from the neural crest, which also gives rise to neural tissues. Malignant melanoma can occasionally exhibit neural differentiation. We report a case of a 70-year-old male with malignant melanoma exhibiting neural marker positivity in the absence of typical melanoma markers. The patient initially presented with a dark nodule on his left heel, which was confirmed as malignant melanoma through cytology. Surgical resection and lymph node dissection were performed, revealing atypical melanocytes. Despite postoperative nivolumab treatment, metastases in the brain and lungs were observed. Histological examination of the brain tumor showed neural differentiation markers (thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), cytokeratin 7 (CK7), AE1/AE3, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)) with negative melanoma markers. The patient eventually succumbed to the disease despite multiple treatments. An autopsy revealed multiple organ tumors (brain, duodenum, stomach, liver, and bile duct) negative for melanoma markers but positive for neuroendocrine markers (CD56, synaptophysin, and chromogranin A). This case suggests two possibilities: the coexistence of malignant melanoma with neuroendocrine tumors or a transformation of melanoma into a neuroendocrine phenotype. This case highlights the need for clinicians to consider the potential for melanoma to lose typical markers and transform into neuroendocrine cancer."
2815,brain tumour,39192790,[Molecular mechanism of CDO1 regulating common metabolic diseases].,"Cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1) belongs to the cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) family. CDO1 is the key enzyme in cysteine catabolism and taurine synthesis. CDO1 is highly expressed in liver, adipose tissue, pancreas, kidney, lung, brain and small intestine. CDO1 is involved in the pathophysiological regulation of various common metabolic diseases, such as lipid metabolism disorders, insulin resistance, obesity, tumors/cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. This article summarizes the research progress on the molecular mechanisms of CDO1 regulation of common metabolic diseases in recent years, aiming to provide new theoretical and practical basis for CDO1-targeted therapy for insulin resistance, obesity, tumors/cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases."
2816,brain tumour,39192644,Ribavirin in Modern Antitumor Therapy: Prospects for Intranasal Administration.,"Ribavirin has been used as an antiviral agent to treat a variety of viral infections since the 1970s. Over the past few decades, studies have been conducted on the pharmacology of ribavirin, and the possibility of its use in new indications has been explored. According to the results of a number of studies, ribavirin efficacy in the therapy of malignant neoplasms of various genesis has been proven. Furthermore, due to the complexity of brain tumor therapy using surgical methods, targeted delivery of ribavirin to the brain becomes a promising alternative to existing treatment methods. Targeting of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) to the brain tumor is achieved by intranasal drug delivery via a Nose-to-Brain mechanism. In addition, using this delivery mechanism, it is possible to reach the brain while bypassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thus avoiding the effects of the first passage through the liver. Despite the significant advantages of the method, there are limiting factors to its application - mucociliary clearance, which aims to remove foreign bodies from the surface of the nasal mucosa. In situ, systems are able to reduce the intensity of interfering factors on API and allow the achievement of maximum bioavailability during intranasal administration."
2817,brain tumour,39192560,Malignant Pericardial Effusion from Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Study.,"BACKGROUND Cervical cancer ranks fourth globally among women's cancers. Squamous cell carcinoma constitutes 70% of cervical cancer cases, often metastasizing to lungs and paraaortic nodes. Uncommon sites include the brain, skin, spleen, and muscle, while pericardial fluid metastasis is highly rare. We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix that was metastatic to the pericardium and was detected on cytologic evaluation of pericardial fluid. CASE REPORT A 42-year-old woman who was previously treated for stage III squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix presented with symptoms of cough, fever, and shortness of breath for 8 days, and chest pain for 3 days. Clinical workup revealed pericardial effusion, with spread to the lungs and mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. Cytological analysis of the fluid showed malignant cells, consistent with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated cells positive for p63 and p40, while negative for GATA-3, D2-40, calretinin, and WT1. These findings in conjunction with patient's known history of cervical squamous cell carcinoma was consistent with a cytologic diagnosis of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma to pericardial fluid. CONCLUSIONS History and clinical correlation plays a vital role in determining the primary site causing malignant pericardial effusions. While the occurrence of cervical cancer metastasizing to the pericardium is uncommon, it should be considered, particularly in cases involving high-grade, invasive tumors, recurrences, or distant metastases. This possibility should be included in the list of potential diagnoses when encountering pericardial effusions with squamous cells in female patients."
2818,brain tumour,39192507,Early Impact of Bevacizumab on the 99m Tc-HYNIC-PSMA-11 Uptake in a Case of Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly vascularized tumor with reported high prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression. On the other hand, bevacizumab as an antiangiogenesis drug is increasingly used in the treatment of GBM recurrence. We present a case of GBM recurrence with significant reduction of 99m Tc-HYNIC-PSMA-11 uptake in her tumor 1 week after administration of 2 doses of bevacizumab with 2 weeks' interval. This case emphasizes the main mechanism of PSMA uptake in GBM secondary to angiogenesis and also implies a potential interaction of bevacizumab with PSMA uptake that should be especially considered during diagnostic and therapeutic application of PSMA radiotracers in GBM."
2819,brain tumour,39192218,Identification of RCAN1's role in hepatocellular carcinoma using single-cell analysis.,"The regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is expressed in multiple organs, including the heart, liver, brain, and kidney, and is closely linked to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, Down syndrome, and Alzheimer's disease. It is also implicated in the development of various organ tumors; however, its potential role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the potential mechanisms of RCAN1 in HCC through bioinformatics analysis."
2820,brain tumour,39192083,Correlation between natural history and multi-omics profiling of meningiomas in NF2-related schwannomatosis suggests role of methylation group and immune microenvironment in tumor growth rate.,No abstract found
2821,brain tumour,39192069,Glioblastoma in the real-world setting: patterns of care and outcome in the Austrian population.,We present results of a retrospective population-based investigation of patterns of care and outcome of glioblastoma patients in Austria.
2822,brain tumour,39192068,"Stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases from human epidermal receptor 2 positive breast Cancer: an international, multi-center study.",To report patient outcomes and local tumor control rates in a cohort of patients with biopsy-proven HER-2 positive breast cancer treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases (BM).
2823,brain tumour,39192067,Amino acid metabolism in glioma: in vivo MR-spectroscopic detection of alanine as a potential biomarker of poor survival in glioma patients.,"Reprogramming of amino acid metabolism is relevant for initiating and fueling tumor formation and growth. Therefore, there has been growing interest in anticancer therapies targeting amino acid metabolism. While developing personalized therapeutic approaches to glioma, in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a valuable tool for non-invasive monitoring of tumor metabolism. Here, we evaluated MRS-detected brain amino acids and myo-inositol as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in glioma."
2824,brain tumour,39192062,"Comment on ""GPR65 contributes to constructing immunosuppressive microenvironment in glioma"".",No abstract found
2825,brain tumour,39192032,A cell state-specific metabolic vulnerability to GPX4-dependent ferroptosis in glioblastoma.,"Glioma cells hijack developmental programs to control cell state. Here, we uncover a glioma cell state-specific metabolic liability that can be therapeutically targeted. To model cell conditions at brain tumor inception, we generated genetically engineered murine gliomas, with deletion of p53 alone (p53) or with constitutively active Notch signaling (N1IC), a pathway critical in controlling astrocyte differentiation during brain development. N1IC tumors harbored quiescent astrocyte-like transformed cell populations while p53 tumors were predominantly comprised of proliferating progenitor-like cell states. Further, N1IC transformed cells exhibited increased mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, high ROS production and depletion of reduced glutathione. This altered mitochondrial phenotype rendered the astrocyte-like, quiescent populations more sensitive to pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of the lipid hydroperoxidase GPX4 and induction of ferroptosis. Treatment of patient-derived early-passage cell lines and glioma slice cultures generated from surgical samples with a GPX4 inhibitor induced selective depletion of quiescent astrocyte-like glioma cell populations with similar metabolic profiles. Collectively, these findings reveal a specific therapeutic vulnerability to ferroptosis linked to mitochondrial redox imbalance in a subpopulation of quiescent astrocyte-like glioma cells resistant to standard forms of treatment."
2826,brain tumour,39191985,Combination of US hyperthermia and radiotherapy on a preclinical glioblastoma model.,In this work the effect of combining ultrasound (US) hyperthermia (HT) with radiotherapy (RT) was investigated. The treatment was applied to a GBM xenograft nude mouse model obtained by injecting 
2827,brain tumour,39191974,Extra-temporal pediatric low-grade gliomas and epilepsy.,"Low-grade gliomas, especially glioneuronal tumors, are a common cause of epilepsy in children. Seizures associated with low-grade pediatric tumors are medically refractory and present a significant burden to patients. Often, morbidity and patients´ quality of life are determined rather by the control of seizures than the oncological process itself and the resolution of epilepsy represents an important part in the treatment of LGGs. The pathogenesis of tumor-related seizures in focal LGG tumors is multifactorial, and mechanisms differ probably among patients and tumor types. Pediatric low-grade tumors associated with epilepsy include a series of neoplasms that have a pure astrocytic or glioneuronal lineage. They are usually benign tumors with a neocortical localization typically in the temporal lobes, but also in other supratentorial locations. Gangliogliomas and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNET) are the most common entities together with astrocytic gliomas (pilocytic astrocytomas and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma) and angiocentric gliomas, and dual pathology is found in up to 40% of glioneuronal tumors. The treatment of low-grade gliomas and associated epilepsy is based mainly on resection and the extent of surgery is the main predictor of postoperative seizure control in patients with a LGG. Long-term epilepsy-associated tumors (LEATs) tend to be well-circumscribed, and therefore, the chances for a complete resection and epilepsy control with a safe approach are very high. New treatments have emerged as alternatives to open microsurgical approaches, including laser thermal ablation or the use of BRAF inhibitors. Future advances in identifying seizure-related biomarkers and molecular tumor pathways will facilitate targeted treatment strategies that will have a deep impact both in oncologic and epilepsy outcomes."
2828,brain tumour,39191905,Accurate low and high grade glioma classification using free water eliminated diffusion tensor metrics and ensemble machine learning.,"Glioma, a predominant type of brain tumor, can be fatal. This necessitates an early diagnosis and effective treatment strategies. Current diagnosis is based on biopsy, prompting the need for non invasive neuroimaging alternatives. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a promising method for studying the pathophysiological impact of tumors on white matter (WM) tissue. Single-shell DTI studies in brain glioma patients have not accounted for free water (FW) contamination due to tumors. This study aimed to (a) assess the efficacy of a two-compartment DTI model that accounts for FW contamination and (b) identify DTI-based biomarkers to classify low-grade glioma (LGG) and high-grade glioma (HGG) patients. DTI data from 86 patients (LGG n = 39, HGG n = 47) were obtained using a routine clinical imaging protocol. DTI metrics of tumorous regions and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) were evaluated. Advanced stacked-based ensemble learning was employed to classify LGG and HGG patients using both single- and two-compartment DTI model measures. The DTI metrics of the two-compartment model outperformed those of the standard single-compartment DTI model in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) score in classifying LGG and HGG patients. Four features (out of 16 features), namely fractional anisotropy (FA) of the edema and core region and FA and mean diffusivity of the NAWM region, showed superior performance (sensitivity = 92%, specificity = 90%, and AUC-ROC = 90%) in classifying LGG and HGG. This demonstrates that both tumorous and NAWM regions may be differentially affected in LGG and HGG patients. Our results demonstrate the significance of using a two-compartment DTI model that accounts for FW contamination by improving diagnostic accuracy. This improvement may eventually aid in planning treatment strategies for glioma patients."
2829,brain tumour,39191801,RNA nanotherapeutics with fibrosis overexpression and retention for MASH treatment.,"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) poses challenges for targeted delivery and retention of therapeutic proteins due to excess extracellular matrix (ECM). Here we present a new approach to treat MASH, termed ""Fibrosis overexpression and retention (FORT)"". In this strategy, we design (1) retinoid-derivative lipid nanoparticle (LNP) to enable enhanced mRNA overexpression in fibrotic regions, and (2) mRNA modifications which facilitate anchoring of therapeutic proteins in ECM. LNPs containing carboxyl-retinoids, rather than alcohol- or ester-retinoids, effectively deliver mRNA with over 10-fold enhancement of protein expression in fibrotic livers. The carboxyl-retinoid rearrangement on the LNP surface improves protein binding and membrane fusion. Therapeutic proteins are then engineered with an endogenous collagen-binding domain. These fusion proteins exhibit increased retention in fibrotic lesions and reduced systemic toxicity. In vivo, fibrosis-targeting LNPs encoding fusion proteins demonstrate superior therapeutic efficacy in three clinically relevant male-animal MASH models. This approach holds promise in fibrotic diseases unsuited for protein injection."
2830,brain tumour,39191628,Tools to study neural and glioma stem cell quiescence.,"Quiescence is a prolonged but reversible state of cell-cycle arrest that is an adaptive feature of most adult stem cell populations. In the brain, quiescence helps to protect adult neural stem cells from stress and supports lifelong neurogenesis. Unfortunately however, entry into a quiescent or a slow-cycling state is also a malignant feature of brain cancer stem cells. In glioblastoma, where the process has been best characterised, quiescent glioma stem cells preferentially survive chemoradiation, and after therapy, reactivate to regrow the tumour and drive recurrence. In this Review, we discuss the in vitro and in vivo models that have been developed for studying neural stem cell quiescence and how these tools may be used to deepen biological understanding and to develop novel therapies targeting quiescent glioma stem cells."
2831,brain tumour,39191529,Diffusion MRI in prostate cancer with ultra-strong whole-body gradients.,"Diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) is universally recommended for the detection and classification of prostate cancer (PCa), with PI-RADS recommendations to acquire b-values of ≥1.4 ms/μm"
2832,brain tumour,39191501,DNA Methylation in Recurrent Glioblastomas: Increased TEM8 Expression Activates the Src/PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/B-Catenin Pathway.,"Glioblastomas (GBM) are infiltrative malignant brain tumors which mostly recur within a year's time following surgical resection and chemo-radiation therapy. Studies on glioblastoma cells following radio-chemotherapy, have been demonstrated to induce trans-differentiation, cellular plasticity, activation of DNA damage response and stemness. As glioblastomas are heterogenous tumors that develop treatment resistance and plasticity, we investigated if there exist genome-wide DNA methylation changes in recurrent tumors."
2833,brain tumour,39191500,Desert Hedgehog Down-regulation Mediates Inhibition of Proliferation by γ-Glutamylcyclotransferase Knockdown in Murine Glioblastoma Stem Cells.,"Glioblastoma is the most frequent type of adult-onset malignant brain tumor and has a very poor prognosis. Glioblastoma stem cells have been shown to be one of the mechanisms by which glioblastoma acquires therapy resistance. Therefore, there is a need to establish novel therapeutic strategies useful for inhibiting this cell population. γ-Glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT) is an enzyme involved in the synthesis and metabolism of glutathione, which is highly expressed in a wide range of cancer types, including glioblastoma, and inhibition of its expression has been reported to have antitumor effects on various cancer types. The aim of this study was to clarify the function of GGCT in glioblastoma stem cells."
2834,brain tumour,39191454,Hypothalamic obesity: Epidemiology in rare sellar/suprasellar tumors-A German claims database analysis.,"Hypothalamic obesity (HO) is defined as abnormal weight gain resulting in severe persistent obesity due to physical, tumor- and/or treatment-related damage to the hypothalamus. HO epidemiology is poorly understood. We developed a database algorithm supporting the standardized identification of tumor/treatment-related HO (TTR-HO) patients. The algorithm is used to estimate incidence rates of TTR-HO patients in the German healthcare context from a representative claims database (n = 5.42 million) covering 2010-2020. Patients were identified based on surgery/radiotherapy procedures and HO-associated tumor diagnoses (n = 3976). HO was defined by incident obesity and validated based on incident diabetes insipidus diagnoses and desmopressin prescription within a 12-month period after surgery/radiotherapy. Uncertainty due to algorithm definitions is explored in sensitivity analyses. Estimated annual incidence of TTR-HO in Germany is between 0.7 and 1.7 cases per 1,000,000 persons (2019 prevalence: n = 1262 patients). With observed cases in all age groups, two HO-incidence peaks are identified: children/young adults aged 10-24 years and adults aged 40-44 years. Most frequent HO-validated tumor diagnoses are benign sellar/suprasellar tumors (6.1/1,000,000 persons over 9 years), including tumors of the craniopharyngeal duct (1.3/1,000,000), neoplasms of the pituitary gland (4.1/1,000,000), and nonspecific brain tumors of endocrine glands (2.4/1,000,000). This is the first real-world database analysis of TTR-HO epidemiology, refining current estimates of HO epidemiology and early patient identification. A more comprehensive characterization of patients with HO as well as a better understanding of clinical implications will be crucial in developing optimal treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes."
2835,brain tumour,39191260,Single-cell dissection of the human blood-brain barrier and glioma blood-tumor barrier.,"The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a crucial vascular specialization, shielding and nourishing brain neurons and glia while impeding drug delivery. Here, we conducted single-cell mRNA sequencing of human cerebrovascular cells from 13 surgically resected glioma samples and adjacent normal brain tissue. The transcriptomes of 103,230 cells were mapped, including 57,324 endothelial cells (ECs) and 27,703 mural cells (MCs). Both EC and MC transcriptomes originating from lower-grade glioma were indistinguishable from those of normal brain tissue, whereas transcriptomes from glioblastoma (GBM) displayed a range of abnormalities. Among these, we identified LOXL2-dependent collagen modification as a common GBM-dependent trait and demonstrated that inhibiting LOXL2 enhanced chemotherapy efficacy in both murine and human patient-derived xenograft (PDX) GBM models. Our comprehensive single-cell RNA sequencing-based molecular atlas of the human BBB, coupled with insights into its perturbations in GBM, holds promise for guiding future investigations into brain health, pathology, and therapeutic strategies."
2836,brain tumour,39191029,Oligonol enhances brain cognitive function in high-fat diet-fed mice.,"Oligonol, a low-molecular-weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, is well recognized for its antioxidant properties, blood glucose regulation, and fat mass reduction capability. However, its effect on the central nervous system remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of oligonol on brain in a high-fat diet (HFD) fed mouse model, and SH-SY5Y neuronal cells and primary cultured cortical neuron under insulin resistance conditions. HFD mice were orally administered oligonol (20 mg/kg) daily, and SH-SY5Y cells and primary cortical neurons were pretreated with 500 ng/mL oligonol under in vitro insulin resistance conditions. Our findings revealed that oligonol administration reduced blood glucose levels and improved spatial memory function in HFD mice. In vitro data demonstrated that oligonol protected neuronal cells and enhanced neural structure against insulin resistance. We confirmed RNA sequencing in the oligonol-pretreated insulin-resistant SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. Our RNA-sequencing data indicated that oligonol contributes to metabolic signaling and neurite outgrowth. In conclusion, our study provides insights into therapeutic potential of oligonol with respect to preventing neuronal cell damage and improving neural structure and cognitive function in HFD mice."
2837,brain tumour,39190880,Clinical significance and potential mechanism of AEBP1 in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastomas (GBM), the most common primary brain tumor, lack accurate prognostic markers and have a poor prognosis. Our study was designed to identify effective biomarkers for GBM prognosis analysis and development of precise treatments. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between GBM patients and controls were analyzed from the Xena database and GEPIA. Based on the screened DEGs, univariate COX and LASSO regression analysis were performed to identify the most relevant genes associated with GBM prognosis. Genes highly expressed in GBM patients were selected to construct receiver operating characteristic analysis and enrichment analysis was constructed on groups of high and low expression of adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1 (AEBP1). CIBERSORT, ssGSEA and ESTIMATE were used to perform immune infiltration analysis. About 3297 DEGs were identified using data from Xena database; 8 prognostic genes were identified. AEBP1, which plays a role in neuronal differentiation and development, was positively correlated in GBMs with immune infiltration; its high expression in cancer patients is associated with short overall survival and advanced tumor staging. This study suggests that AEBP1 could serve as a prognostic marker for GBMs and that patients with high expression may have a better response to immunotherapy."
2838,brain tumour,39190818,Childhood Brain Tumor Survivors-A Vulnerable Group That May Be Inadvertently Overlooked.,No abstract found
2839,brain tumour,39190714,Application of U-Net Network Utilizing Multiattention Gate for MRI Segmentation of Brain Tumors.,"Studies have shown that the type of low-grade glioma is associated with its shape. The traditional diagnostic method involves extraction of the tumor shape from MRIs and diagnosing the type of glioma based on corresponding relationship between the glioma shape and type. This method is affected by the MRI background, tumor pixel size, and doctors' professional level, leading to misdiagnoses and missed diagnoses. With the help of deep learning algorithms, the shape of a glioma can be automatically segmented, thereby assisting doctors to focus more on the diagnosis of glioma and improving diagnostic efficiency. The segmentation of glioma MRIs using traditional deep learning algorithms exhibits limited accuracy, thereby impeding the effectiveness of assisting doctors in the diagnosis. The primary objective of our research is to facilitate the segmentation of low-grade glioma MRIs for medical practitioners through the utilization of deep learning algorithms."
2840,brain tumour,39190622,Automated brain tumor diagnostics: Empowering neuro-oncology with deep learning-based MRI image analysis.,"Brain tumors, characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells, pose a significant threat to human health. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment and improved patient outcomes. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the primary diagnostic tool for brain tumors, providing detailed visualizations of the brain's intricate structures. However, the complexity and variability of tumor shapes and locations often challenge physicians in achieving accurate tumor segmentation on MRI images. Precise tumor segmentation is essential for effective treatment planning and prognosis. To address this challenge, we propose a novel hybrid deep learning technique, Convolutional Neural Network and ResNeXt101 (ConvNet-ResNeXt101), for automated tumor segmentation and classification. Our approach commences with data acquisition from the BRATS 2020 dataset, a benchmark collection of MRI images with corresponding tumor segmentations. Next, we employ batch normalization to smooth and enhance the collected data, followed by feature extraction using the AlexNet model. This involves extracting features based on tumor shape, position, shape, and surface characteristics. To select the most informative features for effective segmentation, we utilize an advanced meta-heuristics algorithm called Advanced Whale Optimization (AWO). AWO mimics the hunting behavior of humpback whales to iteratively search for the optimal feature subset. With the selected features, we perform image segmentation using the ConvNet-ResNeXt101 model. This deep learning architecture combines the strengths of ConvNet and ResNeXt101, a type of ConvNet with aggregated residual connections. Finally, we apply the same ConvNet-ResNeXt101 model for tumor classification, categorizing the segmented tumor into distinct types. Our experiments demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed ConvNet-ResNeXt101 model compared to existing approaches, achieving an accuracy of 99.27% for the tumor core class with a minimum learning elapsed time of 0.53 s."
2841,brain tumour,39190500,Deconvolution of the tumor-educated platelet transcriptome reveals activated platelet and inflammatory cell transcript signatures.,"Tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) are a potential method of liquid biopsy for the diagnosis and monitoring of cancer. However, the mechanism underlying tumor education of platelets is not known, and transcripts associated with TEPs are often not tumor-associated transcripts. We demonstrated that direct tumor transfer of transcripts to circulating platelets is an unlikely source of the TEP signal. We used CDSeq, a latent Dirichlet allocation algorithm, to deconvolute the TEP signal in blood samples from patients with glioblastoma. We demonstrated that a substantial proportion of transcripts in the platelet transcriptome are derived from nonplatelet cells, and the use of this algorithm allows the removal of contaminant transcripts. Furthermore, we used the results of this algorithm to demonstrate that TEPs represent a subset of more activated platelets, which also contain transcripts normally associated with nonplatelet inflammatory cells, suggesting that these inflammatory cells, possibly in the tumor microenvironment, transfer transcripts to platelets that are then found in circulation. Our analysis suggests a useful and efficient method of processing TEP transcriptomic data to enable the isolation of a unique TEP signal associated with specific tumors."
2842,brain tumour,39190399,68 Ga-Trivehexin PET/CT in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer to the Brain.,"In the era of molecular imaging and eager to study tumor tissues' microenvironment with noninvasive means, the search and development of new radiotracer targeted molecule continue. αvβ6-Integrin is a heterodimeric glycoprotein transmembrane receptor that is unique in that it is expressed exclusively in epithelial cells. It is upregulated in varieties of carcinomas such of the lung, breast, and colon. It plays a role in facilitating invasion, inhibiting apoptosis, regulating expression of matrix metalloproteases, and activating TGF-β in carcinoma. Expression of αvβ6 indicates poor prognosis and can help in development of targeted therapy. 68 Ga-Trivehexin has affinity of 85%-88% of this integrin."
2843,brain tumour,39190389,Regulation of Nrf2/A20/eEF1A2 Axis by Ginsenoside Rb1: A Key Pathway in Alleviating Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.,"Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a prevalent neurological disorder, characterized by the oxidative stress and inflammatory response induced during the ischemia-reperfusion process, leading to significant damage to brain cells. Ginsenoside Rb1, a natural medicinal ingredient, possesses potential neuroprotective effects. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of action of ginsenoside Rb1 in CIRI and its protective effects on brain injury."
2844,brain tumour,39190384,Hypoxia-Induced Ephrin-B2 Facilitates Proliferation and Induces Glycolytic Metabolism in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Modulating PKM2/HIF-1α Axis.,"Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a fatal disease characterized by metabolic dysregulation. The role of ephrin type-B receptor 2 (ephrin-B2), a crucial molecule in cancer cell biology, in regulating glycolysis and cell proliferation of cSCC is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the biological pathways by which ephrin-B2 impacts the glycolysis and cell proliferation of cSCC."
2845,brain tumour,39190374,The Effect of Riboflavin on Neurological Rehabilitation after Traumatic Brain Injury in Children.,"Traumatic brain injury (TBI), which is the brain impairment and lesion caused by the external force injuring the head and the underlying brain, can cause pediatric death, disability, neurological disorders, and even lifelong disability. This study was to explore the effect of riboflavin (RF) on neurological rehabilitation and functional recovery after TBI."
2846,brain tumour,39190372,The Role of RNA m5C Modification in Central Nervous System Diseases.,"As advances in RNA modification research progress, the significance of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification is being increasingly acknowledged. m5C undergoes modification by the methyltransferase NOP2/Sun domain (NSUN) family/DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) family (writer) and is removed by demethylases (eraser), including the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family and Alkb homolog 1 (ALKBH1). Moreover, m5C interacts with RNA-binding proteins (reader), such as Y-box-binding protein 1 (YBX1) and Aly/REF export factor (ALYREF). Expanding on this structural framework, m5C modification possesses the capacity to regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies indicate that m5C plays a pivotal regulatory role in the central nervous system, and its dysregulation may correlate with the onset and progression of various central nervous system diseases. In this review, we summarize recent research on m5C components and delve into the potential mechanisms of m5C involvement in central nervous system disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, brain tumors, epilepsy, and stroke."
2847,brain tumour,39190364,"Improvements in activities of daily living among patients with brain tumors are associated with age, baseline physical function, duration of rehabilitation, and tumor recurrence but not type.","Genetic testing has improved the accuracy of diagnosis of brain tumors, and treatment is now tailored to the type of brain tumor. In contrast, the factors that influence the improvement in independence in activities of daily living (ADLs) following rehabilitation have not been clarified, particularly the role of tumor type. In this retrospective cohort study of 358 participants, we analyzed changes in the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) from pre-rehabilitation to post-rehabilitation provided in an acute care hospital. Multiple regression was used to determine whether FIM gain is associated with age, gender, preadmission Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), number of rehabilitation days, average duration of daily therapy (min/day), and tumor recurrence and type (WHO grade 1, 2, 3, and 4 gliomas; primary central nervous system lymphomas; and metastatic brain tumors). The results showed that older age (β -0.183), tumor recurrence (β -0.137), preadmission KPS < 80 (β -0.180), and higher baseline total FIM score (β -0.470) were associated with lower FIM gain whereas the average duration of daily therapy (β 0.153) was associated with higher FIM gain. Brain tumor type was not associated with FIM gain. Improved independence in ADLs is more influenced by demographic, functional status, and treatment factors than differences in brain tumor type."
2848,brain tumour,39190234,"Involvement of oncomiRs miR-23, miR-24, and miR-27 in the regulation of alternative polyadenylation in glioblastoma via CFIm25 cleavage factor.","Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis. The cleavage factor Im 25 (CFIm25), a crucial component of the CFIm complex, plays a key role in regulating the length of the mRNA 3'-UTR and has been implicated in various cancers, including GBM. This study sought to investigate the regulatory influence of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) on CFIm25 expression in GBM, a highly aggressive brain tumor. Bioinformatics analysis identified miRNA candidates targeting CFIm25 mRNA, and gene expression profiles from the NCBI database (GSE90603) were used for further analysis. Expression levels of CFIm25 and selected miRNAs were assessed using qRT-PCR in GBM clinical samples (n = 20) and non-malignant brain tissues (n = 5). Additionally, the MTT assay was performed to examine the effect of miRNA overexpression on U251 cell viability. Lentivectors expressing the identified miRNAs were employed to experimentally validate their regulatory role on CFIm25 in U251 cell lines, and Western blot analysis was conducted to determine CFIm25 protein levels. We observed significantly increased levels of miR-23, miR-24, and miR-27 expression, associated with a marked reduction in CFIm25 expression in GBM samples compared to non-malignant brain tissues. In particular, overexpression of miR-23, miR-24, and miR-27 in U251 cells resulted in CFIm25 downregulation at both the mRNA and protein levels, while their inhibition increased CFIm25 and reduced cell proliferation. These observations strongly implicate miR-23, miR-24, and miR-27 in regulating CFIm25 expression in GBM, emphasizing their potential as promising therapeutic targets for enhancing treatment responses in glioblastoma."
2849,brain tumour,39190205,5-Aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy in combination with kinase inhibitor lapatinib enhances glioblastoma cell death.,"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an intraoperative imaging agent approved for protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence-guided resection of glioblastoma (GBM). It is currently under clinical evaluation for photodynamic therapy (PDT) after the completion of GBM surgery. We previously showed that lapatinib, a clinical kinase inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor 1 & 2 (EGFR and HER2), enhanced PpIX fluorescence in a panel of GBM cell lines by blocking ABCG2 (ATP-binding cassette super-family G member 2)-mediated PpIX efflux, which suggests its potential for improving ALA for GBM surgery and PDT. Here we show that lapatinib enhanced PDT-induced cytotoxicity by promoting GBM cell death with the induction of apoptosis followed by necrosis. While the induction of tumor cell apoptosis was massive and rapid in the H4 cell line with no detectable Bcl-2 and a low level of Bcl-xL, it was delayed and much less in extent in A172, U-87 and U-118 cell lines with higher levels of pro-survival Bcl-2 family proteins. Lapatinib treatment alone neither reduced GBM cell viability nor had any significant effect on EGFR downstream signaling. Its enhancement of ALA-PDT was largely due to the increase of intracellular PpIX particularly in the mitochondria, resulting in the activation of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in H4 cells. Our present study demonstrates that lapatinib inhibits ABCG2-mediated PpIX efflux and sensitizes GBM cells to ALA-PDT by inducing tumor cell death."
2850,brain tumour,39190107,Clinical characteristics of overlapping syndrome in patients with GFAP-IgG and MOG-IgG: a case series of 8 patients and literature review.,The overlapping syndrome of anti-GFAP and anti-MOG antibodies is extremely rare. This retrospective study reports 8 adult cases of the GFAP-MOG overlapping syndrome.
2851,brain tumour,39189905,Gadolinium Reduction in Brain Tumor Imaging: A Paradigm Shift in Diagnostic Strategies.,No abstract found
2852,brain tumour,39189689,Synthetic Efforts toward the Synthesis of a Fluorinated Analog of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid: Practical Synthesis of Racemic and Enantiomerically Defined 3-Fluoro-5-aminolevulinic Acid.,"In 2017, the FDA authorized 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) for intraoperative optical imaging of suspected high-grade gliomas. This was the first authorized optical imaging agent for brain tumor surgery to enhance the visualization of malignant tissue. Herein we report the synthesis of a racemic and enantiopure fluorinated analog of 5-ALA, i.e., 3-fluoro-5-aminolevulinic acid (3F-5-ALA). We anticipate that these studies will provide the foundation for the future construction of a fluorine-18-labeled 5-ALA PET tracer to be used for functional and metabolic imaging of gliomas."
2853,brain tumour,39189437,Claudin and transmembrane receptor protein gene expressions are reversely correlated in peritumoral brain edema.,"Peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) has been widely reported with many brain tumors, especially with glioma. Since the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for maintaining minimal permeability, any alteration in the interaction of BBB components, specifically in astrocytes and tight junctions (TJ), can result in disrupting the homeostasis of the BBB and making it severely leaky, which subsequently generates edema."
2854,brain tumour,39188682,Lipocalin-2 promotes breast cancer brain metastasis by enhancing tumor invasion and modulating brain microenvironment.,"Breast cancer is the leading cancer diagnosed in women globally, with brain metastasis emerging as a major cause of death, particularly in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive and triple-negative breast cancer subtypes. Comprehensive understanding of the molecular foundations of central nervous system metastases is imperative for the evolution of efficacious treatment strategies. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), a secreted iron transport protein with multiple functions, has been linked to the progression of breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM). In primary tumors, LCN2 promotes the proliferation and angiogenesis of breast cancer cells, triggers the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, interacts with matrix metalloproteinase-9, thereby facilitating the reorganization of the extracellular matrix and enhancing cancer cell invasion and migration. In brain microenvironment, LCN2 undermines the blood-brain barrier and facilitates tumor seeding in the brain by modulating the behavior of key cellular components. In summary, this review meticulously examines the fuel role of LCN2 in BCBM cascade, and investigates the potential mechanisms involved. It highlights the potential of LCN2 as both a therapeutic target and biomarker, indicating that interventions targeting LCN2 may offer improved outcomes for patients afflicted with BCBM."
2855,brain tumour,39188673,Lifestyle and metabolic factors affect risk for meningioma in women: a prospective population-based study (The Cohort of Norway).,"Meningioma is the most common primary brain tumor, with a clear preponderance in women. Obesity is considered a risk factor for the development of meningioma. Obesity is also the clinical hallmark of metabolic syndrome, characterized by glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Lifestyle and metabolic factors directly impact overweight and obesity and are therefore potential risk factors for meningioma development. The aim of this study is to assess lifestyle and metabolic factors for meningioma risk in women."
2856,brain tumour,39188622,Brain metastases from a thymoma: Case report for a rare secondary localization.,"Thymomas are benign epithelial neoplasms originating from the thymus gland and are among the most common primary mediastinal tumors. Malignancy is typically determined by evidence of pathological invasion beyond the capsule, with local invasion being the primary mode of spread to adjacent organs. Distant metastases are exceedingly rare. We present the case of a 63-year-old man who exhibited symptoms suggestive of increased intracranial pressure and motor deficit. Brain imaging revealed multiple intracranial lesions. Surgical intervention was performed to excise the largest lesion. Subsequent body CT scan and pathological examination confirmed that the brain metastases originated from a primary thymoma, classified as B3. The patient was recommended for adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but unfortunately passed away at the initiation of therapy. The prognosis for patients with brain metastases from thymomas remains poor. Optimal management strategies typically involve prompt surgical intervention whenever feasible, followed by adjuvant therapy aimed at improving mean survival rates."
2857,brain tumour,39188362,Journey through tumorverse: Creating models to decode PXA mysteries.,"Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG), of which 60%-80% exhibit the BRAF V600E mutation, that enhances the aggressiveness and progression to an eventual pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG). Despite the aggressiveness of this mutational status, the mechanisms underlying the progression of BRAF V600E tumors remain poorly understood, primarily due to limited insights into their "
2858,brain tumour,39188155,TLR agonists promote formation of Tertiary Lymphoid Structure and improve anti-glioma immunity.,"Glioma, characterized by limited lymphocytic infiltration, constitutes an ""immune-desert"" tumor displaying insensitivity to various immunotherapies. This study aims to explore therapeutic strategies for inducing tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) formation within the glioma microenvironment (GME) to transition it from an immune-resistant to an activated state."
2859,brain tumour,39188104,Elucidating the Intricate Roles of Gut and Breast Microbiomes in Breast Cancer Metastasis to the Bone.,"Breast cancer is the most predominant and heterogeneous cancer in women. Moreover, breast cancer has a high prevalence to metastasize to distant organs, such as the brain, lungs, and bones. Patients with breast cancer metastasis to the bones have poor overall and relapse-free survival. Moreover, treatment using chemotherapy and immunotherapy is ineffective in preventing or reducing cancer metastasis."
2860,brain tumour,39188035,Induction of apoptosis by oridonin in nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma cells.,"Nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) is one of the major subtypes of pituitary adenomas (PA) and its primary treatment is surgical resection. However, normal surgery fails to remove lesions completely and there remains in lack of frontline treatment, so the development of new drugs for NFPA is no doubt urgent. Oridonin (ORI) has been reported to have antitumor effects on a variety of tumors, but whether it could exhibit the same effect on NFPA requires to be further investigated. The effects of ORI on pituitary-derived folliculostellate cell line (PDFS) cell viability, colony formation, proliferation ability, migration, and invasion were examined by Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation assay, 5‑Ethynyl‑2'‑deoxyuridine proliferation assay, wound-healing assay, and Transwell assay. The differentially expressed genes in the control and ORI-treated groups were screened by transcriptome sequencing analysis and analyzed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment. Cell cycle analysis was performed to detect changes in cell cycle. Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining was performed to detect apoptosis in ORI-treated cells. Western blot assay was performed to detect Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved Caspase-3 protein expression. ORI inhibited PDFS cell viability and significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. GO and KEGG results showed that ORI was associated with signaling pathways such as cell cycle and apoptosis in PDFS cells. In addition, ORI blocked cells in G2/M phase and induced apoptosis in PDFS cells. ORI can trigger cell cycle disruption and apoptosis collaboratively in PDFS cells, making it a promising and effective agent for NFPA therapy."
2861,brain tumour,39187783,The silent epidemic: exploring the link between loneliness and chronic diseases in China's elderly.,"Chronic diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, are the leading causes of death and disability. Loneliness is linked to a greater risk of chronic disease. However, the lack of loneliness may change this relationship."
2862,brain tumour,39187719,Methylation profiling of plasma cell-free DNA in pediatric brain tumor patients.,No abstract found
2863,brain tumour,39187709,Circulating biomarkers literature in glioma patient populations.,"Liquid biopsy, the process of identifying circulating biomarkers in patients with cancer, has emerged as clinically significant in population screening, tumor status & subclassification, and individualized patient treatment from tumor genotyping. While advances in genome sequencing and mass spectrometry have yielded large datasets available for mining and identified promising biomarkers in breast, melanoma, and lung cancers, among others, challenges persist in identifying biomarkers in neuro-oncology. Despite growing efforts in biomarker research and promise in their emergent clinical potential, there presently exists no validated circulating biomarker test for patients presenting with gliomas, the most common primary brain cancer."
2864,brain tumour,39187707,"To editor: ""T2-FLAIR mismatch sign, an imaging biomarker for CDKN2A-intact in non-enhancing astrocytoma, IDH-mutant"".",No abstract found
2865,brain tumour,39187703,A 3D Convolutional Neural Network Based on Non-enhanced Brain CT to Identify Patients with Brain Metastases.,"Dedicated brain imaging for cancer patients is seldom recommended in the absence of symptoms. There is increasing availability of non-enhanced CT (NE-CT) of the brain, mainly owing to a wider utilization of Positron Emission Tomography-CT (PET-CT) in cancer staging. Brain metastases (BM) are often hard to diagnose on NE-CT. This work aims to develop a 3D Convolutional Neural Network (3D-CNN) based on brain NE-CT to distinguish patients with and without BM. We retrospectively included NE-CT scans for 100 patients with single or multiple BM and 100 patients without brain imaging abnormalities. Patients whose largest lesion was < 5 mm were excluded. The largest tumor was manually segmented on a matched contrast-enhanced T1 weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and shape radiomics were extracted to determine the size and volume of the lesion. The brain was automatically segmented, and masked images were normalized and resampled. The dataset was split into training (70%) and validation (30%) sets. Multiple versions of a 3D-CNN were developed, and the best model was selected based on accuracy (ACC) on the validation set. The median largest tumor Maximum-3D-Diameter was 2.29 cm, and its median volume was 2.81 cc. Solitary BM were found in 27% of the patients, while 49% had > 5 BMs. The best model consisted of 4 convolutional layers with 3D average pooling layers, dropout layers of 50%, and a sigmoid activation function. Mean validation ACC was 0.983 (SD: 0.020) and mean area under receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.983 (SD: 0.023). Sensitivity was 0.983 (SD: 0.020). We developed an accurate 3D-CNN based on brain NE-CT to differentiate between patients with and without BM. The model merits further external validation."
2866,brain tumour,39187658,"A comprehensive approach to lateral ventricular tumor resection: techniques, technologies, and outcomes.","This study reviews lateral ventricular tumors (LVTs), which are rare brain lesions accounting for 0.64-3.5% of brain tumors, and the unique challenges they present due to their location and growth patterns. Once deemed inoperable, advancements in microneurosurgery, imaging, and tumor pathobiology have significantly improved treatment outcomes. This letter summarizes recent studies and key findings in the management of LVTs. Research by S.A. Maryashev et al. identified risk factors for early hemorrhagic complications following the surgical resection of lateral ventricular neoplasms, highlighting the significance of patient characteristics, tumor location, and surgical approach. The study found that factors such as gender, hydrocephalus, tumor blood flow, and Evans index correlate with a higher risk of hemorrhage, with the transcallosal approach having a greater risk compared to the transcortical approach. The utilization of navigation technologies, including fMRI, neuronavigation, and intraoperative brain mapping, has been shown to reduce surgical complications and enhance patient outcomes in the treatment of lateral ventricular meningiomas. Moreover, endoscopic and endoport-assisted endoscopic techniques have proven to be valuable in intraventricular tumor surgery, enabling minimally invasive procedures with better visualization and fewer complications. The integration of advanced surgical techniques, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological monitoring emphasizes the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach to optimize patient outcomes. To improve the study's validity and applicability, further research with larger sample sizes and advanced statistical analyses is needed. This letter advocates for the continued exploration of innovative surgical techniques and technologies to enhance the management of lateral ventricular tumors."
2867,brain tumour,39187634,Analysis of the different pathways of ectopic recurrence of craniopharyngioma in pediatric patients: presentation of cases and review of the literature.,"Craniopharyngioma is a tumor derived from the squamous epithelium of Rathke's pouch. Despite successful excision, recurrence is common, typically occurring at the original tumor site. More rarely, recurrences can manifest at distant locations. This article reports on three distinct types of ectopic recurrence and reviews the existing literature."
2868,brain tumour,39187581,Bottom-up synthetic immunology.,"Infectious diseases and cancer evade immune surveillance using similar mechanisms. Targeting immune mechanisms using common strategies thus represents a promising avenue to improve prevention and treatment. Synthetic immunology can provide such strategies by applying engineering principles from synthetic biology to immunology. Synthetic biologists engineer cells by top-down genetic manipulation or bottom-up assembly from nanoscale building blocks. Recent successes in treating advanced tumours and diseases using genetically engineered immune cells highlight the power of the top-down synthetic immunology approach. However, genetic immune engineering is mostly limited to ex vivo applications and is subject to complex counter-regulation inherent to immune functions. Bottom-up synthetic biology can harness the rich nanotechnology toolbox to engineer molecular and cellular systems from scratch and equip them with desired functions. These are beginning to be tailored to perform targeted immune functions and should hence allow intervention strategies by rational design. In this Perspective we conceptualize bottom-up synthetic immunology as a new frontier field that uses nanotechnology for crucial innovations in therapy and the prevention of infectious diseases and cancer."
2869,brain tumour,39187579,Stearoyl-CoA desaturase inhibition is toxic to acute myeloid leukemia displaying high levels of the de novo fatty acid biosynthesis and desaturation.,"Identification of specific and therapeutically actionable vulnerabilities, ideally present across multiple mutational backgrounds, is needed to improve acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients' outcomes. We identify stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), the key enzyme in fatty acid (FA) desaturation, as prognostic of patients' outcomes and, using the clinical-grade inhibitor SSI-4, show that SCD inhibition (SCDi) is a therapeutic vulnerability across multiple AML models in vitro and in vivo. Multiomic analysis demonstrates that SCDi causes lipotoxicity, which induces AML cell death via pleiotropic effects. Sensitivity to SCDi correlates with AML dependency on FA desaturation regardless of mutational profile and is modulated by FA biosynthesis activity. Finally, we show that lipotoxicity increases chemotherapy-induced DNA damage and standard chemotherapy further sensitizes AML cells to SCDi. Our work supports developing FA desaturase inhibitors in AML while stressing the importance of identifying predictive biomarkers of response and biologically validated combination therapies to realize their full therapeutic potential."
2870,brain tumour,39187397,Trazodone counteracts the response of microglial cells to inflammatory stimuli.,"Microglia are resident brain cells that regulate neuronal development and innate immunity. Microglia activation participates in the cellular response to neuroinflammation, thus representing a possible target for pharmacological strategies aimed to counteract the onset and progression of brain disorders, including depression. Antidepressant drugs have been reported to reduce neuroinflammation by acting also on glial cells. Herein, the potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of trazodone (TRZ) on the microglial human microglial clone 3 (HMC3) cell line were investigated. HMC3 cells were activated by a double inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] and tumour necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], 24 h each), and the induction of inflammation was demonstrated by (i) the increased expression levels of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1), and (ii) the increased release of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). TRZ effects were evaluated by treating HMC3 cells for 24 h before (pre-treatment) and after (post-treatment) the double inflammatory stimulus. Notably, TRZ treatments significantly decreased the expression of NF-kB and IBA-1 and the release of the cytokines IL-6 and TGF-β. Moreover, TRZ prevented and reduced the release of quinolinic acid (QUIN), a known neurotoxic kynurenine metabolite. Finally, cellular supernatants collected from microglial cells pre-treated LPS-TNF-α with TRZ were able to improve neuronal-like cell viability, demonstrating a potential neuroprotective effect. Overall, this study suggests the anti-inflammatory effects of TRZ on human microglia and strives for its neuroprotective properties."
2871,brain tumour,39187342,Can Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) Help Predict Outcomes of Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma?,"In patients with recurrent glioblastoma, very little data are available regarding the prognostic value of platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) ratios. This study investigated potential associations between PLR or NLR and treatment outcomes."
2872,brain tumour,39187332,Intracranial Subdural Empyema During Long-term Chemotherapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Case Report.,"Although chemotherapy for colorectal cancer has advanced remarkably, long-term chemotherapy can lead to a variety of infections. However, if chemotherapy must be discontinued to control infection, there is a risk of progression of colorectal cancer. Intracranial subdural empyema is a life-threatening intracranial infection. The condition requires 6-8 weeks of antibiotic therapy, and the patient must discontinue chemotherapy during treatment. We herein present a case of intracranial subdural empyema during long-term chemotherapy for metastatic rectal cancer."
2873,brain tumour,39187269,Influence of Age on Leukemia Mortality Associated with Exposure to γ rays and 2-MeV Fast Neutrons in Male C3H Mice.,"The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of densely ionizing radiation can depend on the biological context. From a radiological perspective, age is an important factor affecting health risks of radiation exposure, but little is known about the modifying impact of age on the effects of densely ionizing radiation. Herein, we addressed the influence of age on leukemogenesis induced by accelerator-generated fast neutrons (mean energy, ∼2 MeV). Male C3H/HeNrs mice were exposed to 137Cs γ rays (0.2-3.0 Gy) or neutrons (0.0485-0.97 Gy, γ ray contamination 0.0105-0.21 Gy) at 1, 3, 8, or 35 weeks of age and observed over their lifetimes under specific pathogen-free conditions. Leukemia and lymphoma were diagnosed pathologically. Hazard ratio (HR) and RBE for myeloid leukemia mortality as well as the age dependence of these two parameters were modeled and analyzed using Cox regression. Neutron exposure increased HR concordant with a linear dose response. The increase of HR per dose depended on age at exposure, with no significant dose dependence at age 1 or 3 weeks but a significant increase in HR of 5.5 per Gy (γ rays) and 16 per Gy (neutrons) at 8 weeks and 5.8 per Gy (γ rays) and 9 per Gy (neutrons) at 35 weeks. The RBE of neutrons was 2.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.7), with no dependence on age. The development of lymphoid neoplasms was not related to radiation exposure. The observed increasing trend of radiation-associated mortality of myeloid leukemia with age at exposure supports previous epidemiological and experimental findings. The results also suggest that exposure at the susceptible age of 8 or 35 weeks does not significantly influence the RBE value for neutrons for induction of leukemia, unlike what has been documented for breast and brain tumors."
2874,brain tumour,39186839,Reconstruct incomplete relation for incomplete modality brain tumor segmentation.,"Different brain tumor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities provide diverse tumor-specific information. Previous works have enhanced brain tumor segmentation performance by integrating multiple MRI modalities. However, multi-modal MRI data are often unavailable in clinical practice. An incomplete modality leads to missing tumor-specific information, which degrades the performance of existing models. Various strategies have been proposed to transfer knowledge from a full modality network (teacher) to an incomplete modality one (student) to address this issue. However, they neglect the fact that brain tumor segmentation is a structural prediction problem that requires voxel semantic relations. In this paper, we propose a Reconstruct Incomplete Relation Network (RIRN) that transfers voxel semantic relational knowledge from the teacher to the student. Specifically, we propose two types of voxel relations to incorporate structural knowledge: Class-relative relations (CRR) and Class-agnostic relations (CAR). The CRR groups voxels into different tumor regions and constructs a relation between them. The CAR builds a global relation between all voxel features, complementing the local inter-region relation. Moreover, we use adversarial learning to align the holistic structural prediction between the teacher and the student. Extensive experimentation on both the BraTS 2018 and BraTS 2020 datasets establishes that our method outperforms all state-of-the-art approaches."
2875,brain tumour,39186746,Non-coplanar CBCT image reconstruction using a generative adversarial network for non-coplanar radiotherapy.,To develop a non-coplanar cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image reconstruction method using projections within a limited angle range for non-coplanar radiotherapy.
2876,brain tumour,39186687,Fitness Screens Map State-Specific Glioblastoma Stem Cell Vulnerabilities.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor in adults and is driven by self-renewing glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) that persist after therapy and seed treatment refractory recurrent tumors. GBM tumors display a high degree of intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity that is a prominent barrier to targeted treatment strategies. This heterogeneity extends to GSCs that exist on a gradient between two transcriptional states or subtypes termed developmental and injury-response. Drug targets for each subtype are needed to effectively target GBM. To identify conserved and subtype-specific genetic dependencies across a large and heterogeneous panel of GSCs, we designed the GBM5K targeted gRNA library and performed fitness screens in a total of 30 patient-derived GSC cultures. The focused CRISPR screens identified the most conserved subtype-specific vulnerabilities in GSCs and elucidated the functional dependency gradient existing between the developmental and injury-response states. Developmental-specific fitness genes were enriched for transcriptional regulators of neurodevelopment, whereas injury-response-specific fitness genes were highlighted by several genes implicated in integrin and focal adhesion signaling. These context-specific vulnerabilities conferred differential sensitivity to inhibitors of β1 integrin, FAK, MEK and OLIG2. Interestingly, the screens revealed that the subtype-specific signaling pathways drive differential cyclin D (CCND1 vs. CCND2) dependencies between subtypes. These data provide biological insight and mechanistic understanding of GBM heterogeneity and point to opportunities for precision targeting of defined GBM and GSC subtypes to tackle heterogeneity."
2877,brain tumour,39186481,Visualization of Brain Tumors with Infrared-Labeled Aptamers for Fluorescence-Guided Surgery.,"Gliomas remain challenging brain tumors to treat due to their infiltrative nature. Accurately identifying tumor boundaries during surgery is crucial for successful resection. This study introduces an innovative intraoperative visualization method utilizing surgical fluorescence microscopy to precisely locate tumor cell dissemination. Here, the focus is on the development of a novel contrasting agent (IR-Glint) for intraoperative visualization of human glial tumors comprising infrared-labeled Glint aptamers. The specificity of IR-Glint is assessed using flow cytometry and microscopy on primary cell cultures. In vivo effectiveness is studied on mouse and rabbit models, employing orthotopic xenotransplantation of human brain gliomas with various imaging techniques, including PET/CT, in vivo fluorescence visualization, confocal laser scanning, and surgical microscopy. The experiments validate the potential of IR-Glint for the intraoperative visualization of gliomas using infrared imaging. IR-Glint penetrates the blood-brain barrier and can be used for both intravenous and surface applications, allowing clear visualization of the tumor. The surface application directly to the brain reduces the dosage required and mitigates potential toxic effects on the patient. The research shows the potential of infrared dye-labeled aptamers for accurately visualizing glial tumors during brain surgery. This novel aptamer-assisted fluorescence-guided surgery (AptaFGS) may pave the way for future advancements in the field of neurosurgery."
2878,brain tumour,39186332,Intraventricular Glioblastomas: A Systematic Review of Multimodal Treatment Strategies.,"Intraventricular glioblastomas (IVGBMs) are rare tumors within the central nervous system characterized by unique challenges in diagnosis and management due to their location within the ventricular system. Despite their rarity, these tumors necessitate comprehensive study to refine diagnostic approaches and optimize therapeutic strategies."
2879,brain tumour,39186235,Microneedle patch capable of dual drug release for drug delivery to brain tumors.,"Primary brain tumors are mostly managed using surgical resection procedures. Nevertheless, in certain cases, a thin layer of tumors may remain outside of the resection process due to the possibility of permanent injury; these residual tumors expose patients to the risk of tumor recurrence. This study has introduced the use of microneedle patches implanted after surgery with a dual-release mechanism for the administration of doxorubicin. The proposed patches possess the capability to administer drugs directly to the residual tumors and initiate chemotherapy immediately following surgical procedures. Three-dimensional simulation of drug delivery to residual tumors in the brain has been performed based on a finite element method. The impact of four important parameters on drug delivery has been investigated, involving the fraction of drug released in the burst phase, the density of microneedles on the patch, the length of microneedles, and the microvascular density of the tumor. The simulation findings indicate that lowering the fraction of drug released in the initial burst phase reduces the maximum average concentration, but the sustained release that continues for a longer period, increasing the bioavailability of free drug. However, the area under curve (AUC) for different release rates remains unchanged due to the fact that an identical dose of drug is supplied in each instance. By increasing the density of microneedles on the patch, concentration accumulation is provided over an extensive region of tumor, which in turn induces more cancer cell death. A comparative analysis of various lengths reveals that longer microneedles facilitate profound penetration into the tumor layers and present better therapeutic response due to extensive area of the tumor which is exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs. Furthermore, high microvascular density, as a characteristic of the tumor microenvironment, is shown to have a significant impact on the blood microvessels drainage of drugs and consequently lower therapeutic response outcome. Our approach offers a computational framework for creating localized drug delivery systems and addressing the challenges related to residual brain tumors."
2880,brain tumour,39186169,Comparative analyses of immune cells and alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive cells under the immunological microenvironment between with and without dense fibrosis in primary central nervous system lymphoma.,"Histopathologic examinations of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) reveal concentric accumulation of lymphocytes in the perivascular area with fibrosis. However, the nature of this fibrosis in ""stiff"" PCNSL remains unclear. We have encountered some PCNSLs with hard masses as surgical findings. This study investigated the dense fibrous status and tumor microenvironment of PCNSLs with or without stiffness. We evaluated by silver-impregnation nine PCNSLs with stiffness and 26 PCNSLs without stiffness. Six of the nine stiff PCNSLs showed pathological features of prominent fibrosis characterized by aggregation of reticulin fibers, and collagen accumulations. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive spindle cells as a cancer-associated fibroblast, the populations of T lymphocytes, and macrophages were compared between fibrous and control PCNSLs. Fibrous PCNSLs included abundant αSMA-positive cells in both intra- and extra-tumor environments (5/6, 87% and 3/6, 50%, respectively). Conversely, only one out of the seven control PCNSL contained αSMA-positive cells in the intra-tumoral area. Furthermore, the presence of extra-tumoral αSMA-positive cells was associated with infiltration of T lymphocytes and macrophages. In conclusion, recognizing the presence of dense fibrosis in PCNSL can provide insights into the tumor microenvironment. These results may help stratify patients with PCNSL and improve immunotherapies for these patients."
2881,brain tumour,39185882,Patterns of Growth of Tumors in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome by Imaging: A Case Series.,"Although tumors of Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) have a premalignant or dormant phase that could be exploited by early imaging detection, this has been underevaluated in the literature. We present a case series of patients with LFS followed by imaging over time to highlight patterns of growth of tumors and hotspots of missed tumors in this population. Clinical and imaging features were available for 29 tumors of 24 carriers of a germline TP53 pathogenic variant, developed between 1999 and 2023 were retrospectively reviewed in a single tertiary pediatric center. Imaging characteristics of tumors were evaluated with MRI, CT, and radiographs. Local invasion, time interval for developing primary cancer, and/or recurrent disease and metastasis, and factors that delayed the tumor diagnosis were assessed. In patients with multiple tumors the median time intervals for development of first, second, and third primary cancers were 45.9, 79.8, and 28.1 months, respectively. Hotspots of missed tumors included superficial soft tissues, areas close to bones, on the scalp, in tissues around the adrenal region and in small hypodense lesions on brain CT. In conclusion, the pattern of growth of tumors is variable and erratic in LFS patients with some tumors presenting with a dormant pattern."
2882,brain tumour,39185700,Deep learning links localized digital pathology phenotypes with transcriptional subtype and patient outcome in glioblastoma.,"Deep learning has revolutionized medical image analysis in cancer pathology, where it had a substantial clinical impact by supporting the diagnosis and prognostic rating of cancer. Among the first available digital resources in the field of brain cancer is glioblastoma, the most common and fatal brain cancer. At the histologic level, glioblastoma is characterized by abundant phenotypic variability that is poorly linked with patient prognosis. At the transcriptional level, 3 molecular subtypes are distinguished with mesenchymal-subtype tumors being associated with increased immune cell infiltration and worse outcome."
2883,brain tumour,39185670,Microbiota and glioma: a new perspective from association to clinical translation.,"Gliomas pose a significant challenge in oncology due to their malignant nature, aggressive growth, frequent recurrence, and complications posed by the blood-brain barrier. Emerging research has revealed the critical role of gut microbiota in influencing health and disease, indicating its possible impact on glioma pathogenesis and treatment responsiveness. This review focused on existing evidence and hypotheses on the relationship between microbiota and glioma from progression to invasion. By discussing possible mechanisms through which microbiota may affect glioma biology, this paper offers new avenues for targeted therapies and precision medicine in oncology."
2884,brain tumour,39185654,Corrigendum to: Imaging Features and Misdiagnosis of Giant Cerebral Cavernous Malformations.,"An error occurred in the Ethical Commiittie details of the manuscript titled ""Imaging Features and Misdiagnosis of Giant Cerebral Cavernous Malformations"", 2024; 20: e15734056273891 [1]. Original: ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: This study was approved by the institutional review committee of First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (ZF2022-216). Corrected: ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: The ethics approval was provied by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Taditional Chinese Medicine and the written informed consent was exempted. The original article can be found online at https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/137176."
2885,brain tumour,39185491,Solitary fibrous tumor of the brain: A report of 3 cases.,"Solitary fibrous tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) accounts for <1% of all primary CNS tumors. These tumors are typically dura-based and are graded using a three-tiered system based on cellularity, mitotic activity and necrosis. Extracranial metastasis of this disease is rare. The present study reports 3 cases of this rare tumor, retrieved from the hospital archives over a period of 5 years. The hematoxylin and eosin-stained and immunohistochemistry (IHC) slides were reviewed by two pathologists and clinical details were obtained from the hospital records. All 3 cases had tumors located in the cranial cavity. These cases had an outside diagnosis of meningioma, which on re-evaluation at our center (Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India) were found to be solitary fibrous tumor. Of the 3 cases, 1 developed local recurrence and distant metastasis. All cases showed histomorphological features of a spindle cell tumor with positivity for STAT6 by IHC. The genomic NGFI-A-binding protein 2-STAT6 fusion in solitary fibrous tumor leads toSTAT6 nuclear expression on IHC, which confirms the diagnosis and also differentiates it from its close mimics. This case series highlights that histomorphology and IHC are imperative for a correct and timely diagnosis of these tumors, which are commonly misdiagnosed clinically."
2886,brain tumour,39185154,Optimal control of combination immunotherapy for a virtual murine cohort in a glioblastoma-immune dynamics model.,"The immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-1, commonly used in cancer immunotherapy, has not been successful as a monotherapy for the highly aggressive brain cancer glioblastoma. However, when used in conjunction with a CC-chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2) antagonist, anti-PD-1 has shown efficacy in preclinical studies. In this paper, we aim to optimize treatment regimens for this combination immunotherapy using optimal control theory. We extend a treatment-free glioblastoma-immune dynamics ODE model to include interventions with anti-PD-1 and the CCR2 antagonist. An optimized regimen increases the survival of an average mouse from 32 days post-tumor implantation without treatment to 111 days with treatment. We scale this approach to a virtual murine cohort to evaluate mortality and quality of life concerns during treatment, and predict survival, tumor recurrence, or death after treatment. A parameter identifiability analysis identifies five parameters suitable for personalizing treatment within the virtual cohort. Sampling from these five practically identifiable parameters for the virtual murine cohort reveals that personalized, optimized regimens enhance survival: 84% of the virtual mice survive to day 100, compared to 60% survival in a previously studied experimental regimen. Subjects with high tumor growth rates and low T cell kill rates are identified as more likely to die during and after treatment due to their compromised immune systems and more aggressive tumors. Notably, the MDSC death rate emerges as a long-term predictor of either disease-free survival or death."
2887,brain tumour,39185083,Radiomic feature reliability of amide proton transfer-weighted MR images acquired with compressed sensing at 3T.,"Compressed sensing (CS) is a novel technique for MRI acceleration. The purpose of this paper was to assess the effects of CS on the radiomic features extracted from amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) images. Brain tumor MRI data of 40 scans were studied. Standard images using sensitivity encoding (SENSE) with an acceleration factor (AF) of 2 were used as the gold standard, and APTw images using SENSE with CS (CS-SENSE) with an AF of 4 were assessed. Regions of interest (ROIs), including normal tissue, edema, liquefactive necrosis, and tumor, were manually drawn, and the effects of CS-SENSE on radiomics were assessed for each ROI category. An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was first calculated for each feature extracted from APTw images with SENSE and CS-SENSE for all ROIs. Different filters were applied to the original images, and the effects of these filters on the ICCs were further compared between APTw images with SENSE and CS-SENSE. Feature deviations were also provided for a more comprehensive evaluation of the effects of CS-SENSE on radiomic features. The ROI-based comparison showed that most radiomic features extracted from CS-SENSE-APTw images and SENSE-APTw images had moderate or greater reliabilities (ICC ≥ 0.5) for all four ROIs and all eight image sets with different filters. Tumor showed significantly higher ICCs than normal tissue, edema, and liquefactive necrosis. Compared to the original images, filters (such as Exponential or Square) may improve the reliability of radiomic features extracted from CS-SENSE-APTw and SENSE-APTw images."
2888,brain tumour,39185065,Complete radiographic response after proton radiation therapy in the re-irradiation of a diffuse high-grade glioma: A case report.,"High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are the most aggressive of brain tumors and are one of the most common primary intracranial malignancies. The poor prognosis after aggressive treatment of HGGs makes these gliomas a challenge to treat with curative intent. Proton radiation therapy is a recent radiation modality that is being explored for the treatment of HGGs. Proton radiation therapy provides improved sparing of critical normal structures while giving an ablative dose of radiation to the tumor, which can be performed more accurately than photon beam radiation therapy. We report a case of a diffuse HGG treated with proton radiotherapy and chemotherapy after previously being treated with photon irradiation. A complete radiographic response was seen on MRI imaging after proton irradiation."
2889,brain tumour,39184943,Filling the gap: brief neuropsychological assessment protocol for glioma patients undergoing awake surgeries.,"The literature lacks a concise neurocognitive test for assessing primary cognitive domains in neuro-oncological patients. This study aims to describe and assess the feasibility of the Ohy-Maldaun Fast Track Cognitive Test (OMFTCT), used to pre- and post-operatively evaluate patients undergoing brain tumor surgery in language eloquent areas. The cognitive diagnosis was used to safely guide intraoperative language assessment."
2890,brain tumour,39184769,Consideration of Optimal Evaluation Metrics for Internal Gross Tumor Dose Relevant to Tumor Response in Multi-fraction Stereotactic Radiosurgery of Brain Metastasis.,"Introduction In stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastasis (BM), the target dose inhomogeneity remains highly variable among modalities, irradiation techniques, and facilities, which can affect tumor response during and after multi-fraction SRS. Volumetric-modulated arcs (VMAs) can provide a concentrically-layered steep dose increase inside a gross tumor volume (GTV) boundary compared to dynamic conformal arcs. This study was conducted to review the optimal evaluation method for the internal GTV doses relevant to maximal response and local control, specifically to examine the significance of the doses 2 mm and 4 mm inside the GTV boundary in VMA-based SRS. Materials and methods This was a planning study for the clinical scenario of a single BM and targeted 25 GTVs of >0.50 cc, including eight spherical models with diameters of 10-45 mm and 17 clinical BMs (GTV: 0.72-44.33 cc). SRS plans were generated for each GTV using VMA with a 5-mm leaf-width multileaf collimator and the optimization that prioritized the steepness of the dose gradient outside the GTV boundary without any internal dose constraints. The dose prescription and evaluation were based on the GTV "
2891,brain tumour,39184544,BrainSegFounder: Towards 3D Foundation Models for Neuroimage Segmentation.,"The burgeoning field of brain health research increasingly leverages artificial intelligence (AI) to interpret and analyze neurological data. This study introduces a novel approach towards the creation of medical foundation models by integrating a large-scale multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dataset derived from 41,400 participants in its own. Our method involves a novel two-stage pretraining approach using vision transformers. The first stage is dedicated to encoding anatomical structures in generally healthy brains, identifying key features such as shapes and sizes of different brain regions. The second stage concentrates on spatial information, encompassing aspects like location and the relative positioning of brain structures. We rigorously evaluate our model, BrainFounder, using the Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) challenge and Anatomical Tracings of Lesions After Stroke v2.0 (ATLAS v2.0) datasets. BrainFounder demonstrates a significant performance gain, surpassing the achievements of the previous winning solutions using fully supervised learning. Our findings underscore the impact of scaling up both the complexity of the model and the volume of unlabeled training data derived from generally healthy brains, which enhances the accuracy and predictive capabilities of the model in complex neuroimaging tasks with MRI. The implications of this research provide transformative insights and practical applications in healthcare and make substantial steps towards the creation of foundation models for Medical AI. Our pretrained models and training code can be found at https://github.com/lab-smile/GatorBrain."
2892,brain tumour,39184354,"Integrated Gene Expression Data-Driven Identification of Molecular Signatures, Prognostic Biomarkers, and Drug Targets for Glioblastoma.","Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly prevalent and deadly brain tumor with high mortality rates, especially among adults. Despite extensive research, the underlying mechanisms driving its progression remain poorly understood. Computational analysis offers a powerful approach to explore potential prognostic biomarkers, drug targets, and therapeutic agents for GBM. In this study, we utilized three gene expression datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with GBM progression. Our goal was to uncover key molecular players implicated in GBM pathogenesis and potential avenues for targeted therapy. Analysis of the gene expression datasets revealed a total of 78 common DEGs that are potentially involved in GBM progression. Through further investigation, we identified nine hub DEGs that are highly interconnected in protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, indicating their central role in GBM biology. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses provided insights into the biological processes and immunological pathways influenced by these DEGs. Among the nine identified DEGs, survival analysis demonstrated that increased expression of GMFG correlated with decreased patient survival rates in GBM, suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker and preventive target for GBM. Furthermore, molecular docking and ADMET analysis identified two compounds from the NIH clinical collection that showed promising interactions with the GMFG protein. Besides, a 100 nanosecond molecular dynamics (MD) simulation evaluated the conformational changes and the binding strength. Our study highlights the potential of GMFG as both a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for GBM. The identification of GMFG and its associated pathways provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms driving GBM progression. Moreover, the identification of candidate compounds with potential interactions with GMFG offers exciting possibilities for targeted therapy development. However, further laboratory experiments are required to validate the role of GMFG in GBM pathogenesis and to assess the efficacy of potential therapeutic agents targeting this molecule."
2893,brain tumour,39184053,Frequency of pathogenic germline variants in pediatric medulloblastoma survivors.,"Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Most cases are sporadic, but well characterized germline alterations in "
2894,brain tumour,39184039,Long term survival achieved through combination of almonertinib and pyrotinib in EGFR-mutant/HER2-amplified advanced NSCLC patient: a case report and literature review.,"Human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification is an important mechanism of acquired resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. For patients with both EGFR mutation and HER2 amplification, there is currently no unified standard treatment, and further exploration is needed on how to choose the therapy."
2895,brain tumour,39183665,"Subjective, but not objective, language functions predict fatigue in patients with lower-grade gliomas during longitudinal follow-up.","To investigate the course of fatigue, subjective and objective language functions in patients with lower-grade gliomas during the first year of disease. Further, to examine if subjective and objective language variables predicted ratings of fatigue."
2896,brain tumour,39183405,"A disulfidptosis-associated long noncoding RNA signature to predict low-grade glioma classification, prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and therapy regimens: Observational study.","This study aimed to investigate the function of disulfidptosis-associated long noncoding RNAs (DAlncRNAs) in low-grade gliomas (LGG) through bioinformatics analysis and construct a signature to predict the classification, prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and selection of immunotherapy and chemotherapy in LGG. Genomic, clinical, and mutational information of 526 patients with LGG was retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas repository. A nonnegative matrix factorization algorithm was applied to classify patients with LGG. Univariate, LASSO regression, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to determine prognostic DAlncRNAs. Following the median risk score, we defined the sample as a high-risk (HR) or low-risk group. Finally, survival, receiver operating characteristic curve, risk curve, principal component, independent prognosis, risk difference, functional enrichment, tumor microenvironment, immune cell infiltration, mutation, and drug sensitivity analyses were performed. Patients were classified into C1 and C2 subtypes associated with disulfidptosis. Eight prognostic DAlncRNAs (AC003035.2, AC010157.2, AC010273.3, AC011444.3, AC092667.1, AL450270.1, AL645608.2, and LINC01571) were identified, and a prognostic signature of LGG was developed. The DAlncRNA-based signature was found to be an independent prognostic factor in patients with LGG, thereby constructing a nomogram. In addition, in the HR group, immune function was more active and the tumor mutation burden was higher. The patients were mainly composed of subtype C2, and their prognosis was worse. Immunotherapy and chemotherapy were predicted in the HR and low-risk groups, respectively. Our study, based on DAlncRNAs, highlights 2 disulfidptosis-associated LGG subtypes with different prognostic and immune characteristics and creates a novel disulfidptosis-associated prognostic signature, which may inform the classification, prognosis, molecular pathogenesis, and therapeutic strategies for patients with LGG."
2897,brain tumour,39183357,Clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of CASPR2 antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis in children.,Contactin-associated protein-2(CASPR2) antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis(AE) is rare in children. This study aimed to report the clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of CASPR2 autoimmunity in children to expand the disease spectrum.
2898,brain tumour,39183343,A novel protein encoded by circCOPA inhibits the malignant phenotype of glioblastoma cells and increases their sensitivity to temozolomide by disrupting the NONO-SFPQ complex.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) represents a primary malignant brain tumor. Temozolomide resistance is a major hurdle in GBM treatment. Proteins encoded by circular RNAs (circRNAs) can modulate the sensitivity of multiple tumor chemotherapies. However, the impact of circRNA-encoded proteins on GBM sensitivity to temozolomide remains unknown. Herein, we discover a circRNA (circCOPA) through the circRNA microarray profile in GBM samples, which can encode a novel 99 amino acid protein (COPA-99aa) through its internal ribosome entry site. Functionally, circCOPA overexpression in GBM cells inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and growth in vivo. Rather than itself, circCOPA mainly functions as a suppressive effector by encoding COPA-99aa. Moreover, we reveal that circCOPA is downregulated in GBM tissues and high expression of circCOPA is related to a better prognosis in GBM patients. Mechanistically, a heteromer of SFPQ and NONO is required for double-strand DNA break repair. COPA-99aa disrupts the dimerization of NONO and SFPQ by separately binding with the NONO and SFPQ proteins, thus resulting in the inhibition of proliferation or invasion and the increase of temozolomide-induced DNA damage in GBM cells. Collectively, our data suggest that circCOPA mainly contributes to inhibiting the GBM malignant phenotype through its encoded COPA-99aa and that COPA-99aa increases temozolomide-induced DNA damage by interfering with the dimerization of NONO and SFPQ. Restoring circCOPA or COPA-99aa may increase the sensitivity of patients to temozolomide."
2899,brain tumour,39183260,A comprehensive prognostic and immune infiltration analysis of UBA1 in pan-cancer: A computational analysis and in vitro experiments.,"Ubiquitin like modifier activating enzyme 1 (UBA1) plays an important role in immune regulation and cellular function. However, the functional mechanism and role of UBA1 in pan-cancer have not been fully elucidated and its value in haematological tumours (diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBC/DLBCL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML/LAML)) has not been explored. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the functional mechanism and role of UBA1 in pan-cancer using multiple databases, including differential expression analysis, clinical pathological staging analysis, prognosis analysis and immune analysis. Then, we confirmed the function of UBA1 in haematological tumours through cell experiments. The results showed that the expression of UBA1 was significantly increased in most cancers and the differential expression of UBA1 was mainly concentrated in digestive tumours, haematological tumours and brain tumours. Moreover, the high expression of UBA1 had poor prognosis in most tumours, which may be related to its involvement in various cancer-related pathways such as cell cycle, as well as its methylation level, protein phosphorylation level, immune cell infiltration and immune therapy response. Cell experiments have confirmed that UBA1 can significantly regulate the cycle progression and apoptosis of DLBCL cells and AML cells. Therefore, UBA1 may be a potential therapeutic target for haematological tumours. In summary, our study not only comprehensively analysed the functional mechanisms and clinical value of UBA1 in pan-cancer, but also validated for the first time the regulatory role of UBA1 in haematological tumours."
2900,brain tumour,39183219,Inhibin subunit beta B (INHBB): an emerging role in tumor progression.,"The gene inhibin subunit beta B (INHBB) encodes the inhibin βB subunit, which is involved in forming protein members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. The TGF-β superfamily is extensively involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, movement, metabolism, communication, and death. Activins and inhibins, which belong to the TGF-β superfamily, were first discovered in ovarian follicular fluid. They were initially described as regulators of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion both in vivo and in vitro. Later studies found that INHBB is expressed not only in reproductive organs such as the ovary, uterus, and testis but also in numerous other organs, including the brain, spinal cord, liver, kidneys, and adrenal glands. This wide distribution implies its involvement in the normal physiological functions of various organs; however, the mechanisms underlying these functions have not yet been fully elucidated. Recent studies suggest that INHBB plays a significant, yet complex role in tumorigenesis. It appears to have dual effects, promoting tumor progression in some contexts while inhibiting it in others, although these roles are not yet fully understood. In this paper, we review the different expression patterns, functions, and mechanisms of INHBB in normal and tumor tissues to illustrate the research prospects of INHBB in tumor progression."
2901,brain tumour,39183202,"Comment on multiple craniotomies in patients with brain metastases: a two-center, propensity score-matched study.","The article by Luis Padevit et al. provides a thorough analysis of multiple craniotomies for brain metastases using propensity score matching and statistical analysis. Their findings suggest that multiple craniotomies do not increase adverse events or morbidity. However, the study lacks detailed analysis of specific surgical factors and minimally invasive techniques, which are crucial for patient selection, surgical planning, and outcomes. Including detailed preoperative tumor sizes, extent of resection, and long-term outcomes would enhance understanding and improve surgical techniques, ultimately benefiting patient care."
2902,brain tumour,39182993,Grading and staging for pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.,"Pituitary adenoma/pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are the second most common primary intracranial tumor and the most frequent neuroendocrine tumors/neoplasms of the human body. Thus, they are one of the most frequent diagnoses in neuropathologist's practise. 2022 5th edition WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors does not support a grading and/or staging system for PitNETs and argues that histological typing and subtyping are more robust than proliferation rate and invasiveness to stratify tumors. Numerous studies suggest the existence of clinically relevant molecular subgroups encouraging an integrated histo-molecular approach to the diagnosis of PitNETs to deepen the understanding of their biology and overcome the unresolved problem of grading system. The present review illustrates the main issues involved in establishing a grading and a staging system, as well as alternative systems validated by independent series to date. The state of art of the current histological and molecular markers is detailed, demonstrating that a standardized and reproducible clinico-pathological approach, combined with the integration of molecular data may help build a workflow to refine the definition of PitNETs with 'malignant potential' and most importantly, avoid delay in patient treatment. Next molecular studied are needed to validate an integrated histo-molecular grading for PitNETs."
2903,brain tumour,39182923,Pituitary pseudo-adenoma from cerebrospinal fluid leak in patient with Marfan syndrome.,"Intracranial hypotension may result in pituitary gland enlargement due to compensatory hyperaemia and venous engorgement. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is frequently associated with connective tissue disorders predisposing patients to dural weakening including dural ectasia and meningeal diverticula. Symptoms of SIH typically include postural headache, dizziness and tinnitus. We present a case of a female in her 20s with Marfan syndrome and a history of pituitary adenoma, who reported intractable postural headaches. Hormonal workup revealed no abnormalities, whereas brain MRI showed sequelae of intracranial hypotension. Further MRI studies revealed thoracic and lumbar meningeal diverticula with significant dural sac ectasia at the L4-S2 level. Myelogram confirmed numerous lumbar spine diverticula with cerebrospinal fluid leak at the L5 and S1 right nerve roots. The patient underwent blood patch administrations at the level of the leak with improvement of symptoms."
2904,brain tumour,39182834,Venous Thromboembolism and Prevention Strategies in Patients with Cushing's Disease: A Systematic Review.,"There is a well-documented association between Cushing's syndrome (CS) and hypercoagulability. However, there is limited data on the risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) after surgery for Cushing's disease (CD). There is no consensus on optimal postoperative anticoagulation strategies in this group. This review gathers information on the rates of VTE after surgery for CD, as well as reported prophylaxis strategies in this population."
2905,brain tumour,39182566,Treatment of Parkinson's disease model with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes loaded with BDNF.,"Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that has received widespread attention; however, current clinical treatments can only relieve its symptoms, and do not effectively protect dopaminergic neurons. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes loaded with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF-EXO) on PD models and to explore the underlying mechanisms of these effects."
2906,brain tumour,39181692,Cortically-based Brain Tumors in Children: A Decision-tree Approach in the Radiology Reading Room.,"Cortically-based brain tumors in children constitute a unique set of tumors with variably aggressive biological behavior. As radiologists play an integral role on the multidisciplinary medical team, a clinically useful and easy-to-follow flowchart for the differential diagnoses of these complex brain tumors is essential.This proposed algorithm tree provides the latest insights into the typical imaging characteristics and epidemiologic data that differentiate the tumor entities, taking into perspective the 2021 World Health Organization's classification and highlighting classic as well as newly identified pathologic subtypes using current molecular understanding.ABBREVIATIONS: Astroblastoma=AB) Angiocentric glioma (AG) Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) Central Nervous System tumor (CNS) CNS neuroblastoma FOXR2-activated (NB-FOXR2) Desmoplastic infantile glioma/astrocytoma (DIG/DIA) Diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant (DHG) Diffuse glioneuronal tumor with oligodendroglioma-like features and nuclear clusters (DGONC) Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET) Embryonal Tumors with Multilayered Rosettes (ETMR) Ependymoma (EP) Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) Ganglioglioma/gangliocytoma (GG) Infant-type hemispheric glioma (IHG) Intracranial pressure (ICP) Long-term epilepsy-associated tumors (LEATs) Pediatric diffuse low-grade gliomas (pLGG) MR spectroscopy (MRS) Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) Overall survival (OS) Pediatric diffuse high-grade gliomas (pHGG)."
2907,brain tumour,39181516,25-Hydroxycholesterol attenuates tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced blood-brain barrier breakdown in vitro.,"Intracellular cholesterol metabolism is regulated by the SREBP-2 and LXR signaling pathways. The effects of inflammation on these molecular mechanisms remain poorly studied, especially at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) level. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a proinflammatory cytokine associated with BBB dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the effects of TNFα on BBB cholesterol metabolism, focusing on its underlying signaling pathways. Using a human in vitro BBB model composed of human brain-like endothelial cells (hBLECs) and brain pericytes (HBPs), we observed that TNFα increases BBB permeability by degrading the tight junction protein CLAUDIN-5 and activating stress signaling pathways in both cell types. TNFα also promotes cholesterol release and decreases cholesterol accumulation and APOE secretion. In hBLECs, the expression of SREBP-2 targets (LDLR and HMGCR) is increased, while ABCA1 expression is decreased. In HBPs, only LDLR and ABCA1 expression is increased. TNFα treatment also induces 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) production, a cholesterol metabolite involved in the immune response and intracellular cholesterol metabolism. 25-HC pretreatment attenuates TNFα-induced BBB leakage and partially alleviates the effects of TNFα on ABCA1, LDLR, and HMGCR expression. Overall, our results suggest that TNFα favors cholesterol efflux via an LXR/ABCA1-independent mechanism at the BBB, while it activates the SREBP-2 pathway. Treatment with 25-HC partially reversed the effect of TNFα on the LXR/SREBP-2 pathways. Our study provides novel perspectives for better understanding cerebrovascular signaling events linked to BBB dysfunction and cholesterol metabolism in neuroinflammatory diseases."
2908,brain tumour,39181289,Gelsemium low doses protect against serum deprivation-induced stress on mitochondria in neuronal cells.,"Gelsemium dynamized dilutions (GDD) are known as a remedy for a wide range of behavioral and psychological symptoms of depression and anxiety at ultra-low doses, yet the underlying mechanisms of the mode of action of G. sempervirens itself are not well understood."
2909,brain tumour,39181243,The Prognostic Impact of Progesteron-Receptor Expression in Surgical Intracranial Meningioma on Performance Status and Quality of Life: A Single-Center Observational Study.,"The relationship between meningiomas and gonadal steroid hormones has been the subject of debate, and there is limited understanding of the connection between patient, tumor characteristics, and progesterone receptor (PGR) status."
2910,brain tumour,39181226,Vortioxetine ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis in mice via activation of PI3K/Akt/CREB/BDNF cascade and modulation of serotonergic pathway signaling.,"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic condition characterized by immune cell infiltration and cytokine overproduction that led to myelin sheath inflammatory assaults, thus causing axonal destruction. The former consequently provokes motor impairment and psychological disorders. Markedly, depression is one of the most prevalent lifelong comorbidities that negatively impacts the quality of life in MS patients. Vortioxetine (VTX), a multi-modal molecule prescribed to manage depression and anxiety disorder, additionally, it displays a promising neuroprotective properties against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. To this end, the present study investigated the potential therapeutic efficacy of VTX against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS in mice. Notably, treatment with VTX significantly ameliorated EAE-induced motor disability, as evident by enhanced performance in open field, rotarod and grip strength tests, alongside a reduction in immobility time during the forced swimming test, indicating a mitigation of the depressive-like behavior; outcomes that were corroborated with histological examinations and biochemical analyses. Mechanistically, VTX enhanced serotonin levels by inhibiting both serotonin transporter (SERT) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme, thereby promoting the activation of serotonin 1A (5-HT"
2911,brain tumour,39181067,Indian Ayurvedic medicine: Overview and application to brain cancer.,"Ayurveda is the traditional medicine system of India, and has been in practice for millennia. It is a traditional approach that uses 1000's of different plant preparations in various combinations for treatment of human ailments, including cancer. Ethnopharmacological and phytochemical analyses are now elucidating the bioactive constituents of the different plant species and herbal formulations, including ashwagandha, curcumin, guduchi, triphala, and others. To provide an overview of: 1) the ethnopharmacology of Ayurveda and several of its most important plant species and formulations, including pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of its anti-cancer effects; 2) review the literature applying Ayurvedic herbs and formulations to brain tumors. A detailed PubMed search was performed that included publications involving Ayurveda, cancer, ethnopharmacology, phytochemical analysis, molecular analysis, and brain tumors. In recent decades, significant research has begun to elucidate the bioactive compounds of ashwagandha, tumeric, guduchi, and triphala, such as withaferin A, withanolides, curcumin, palmatine, and many others. These compounds and extracts are now being applied to brain tumor cells in vitro and in animal models, with positive signs of anti-cancer activity including reduced cell growth, increased apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, increased differentiation, and inhibition of important internal signal transduction pathways. Several Ayurvedic herbs (ashwagandha, curcumin) have bioactive compounds with significant anti-cancer activity, and are effective in early pre-clinical testing against brain tumor cells in vitro and in animal models. Further pre-clinical testing is warranted, along with advancement into phase I and phase II clinical trials of patients with glioblastoma and other brain tumors."
2912,brain tumour,39181014,A teenage girl with drug-resistant epilepsy and a hippocampal angiocentric neuroepithelial tumor (ANET) - illustrative case of 7T MRI in clinical practice.,No abstract found
2913,brain tumour,39180813,Simultaneous combined keyhole mini-transcranial approach and endoscopic transsphenoidal approach to remove multi-lobulated pituitary neuroendocrine tumor with suprasellar extension.,"Transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is the main method to remove pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET), but large or multi-lobulated one is still challenging."
2914,brain tumour,39180753,Retinol dehydrogenase 10 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in spinal cord gliomas via PI3K/AKT pathway.,
2915,brain tumour,39180697,Metachronous intracranial meningiomas without dural attachment in a child - Rare case report and review of literature.,"Meningiomas in children are rare, constituting less than 5% of all paediatric brain tumours and less than 2% of all meningiomas. Multiple meningiomas (synchronous or metachronous) are even more uncommon, typically occurring due to radiation exposure or in patients with phacomatoses like Neurofibromatosis II. This report presents the case of a child with metachronous meningiomas without dural attachment in unusual locations, along with their management."
2916,brain tumour,39180696,Primary intracranial pediatric ganglioneuroblastoma-report of two cases and review of an unusual masquerader.,"Ganglioneuroblastoma (GNB) is a rare neurogenic tumor with a predilection for extracranial sites. Its primary intracranial occurrence is anecdotal, with less than ten cases reported in pediatric literature. We report two cases of this unusual entity. The first was a 1-year-old boy who presented with a progressive scalp swelling that radiologically appeared to be a mesenchymal tumor. The tumor was resected completely, and its histopathological examination was suggestive of a pigmented GNB. The clinico-radiological presentation and melanin pigmentation of the tumor were unique features of the case. The second case was a 7-year-old girl who presented with left hemiparesis and raised intracranial pressure due to a large right parietal intraparenchymal tumor that histologically proved to be a GNB. The child succumbed to disease progression a month after undergoing near-total resection of the tumor. Analysis of our cases in the light of a literature review reveals that pediatric intracranial GNBs have diverse clinico-radiological features and can easily be confused for commoner pathologies in both intra- and extra-axial locations."
2917,brain tumour,39180675,Atezolizumab- and bevacizumab -induced encephalitis in a patient with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report and literature review.,"Treatment with atezolizumab and bevacizumab is the first-line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors are novel and effective treatments, they can induce immune-related adverse events. However, neurological immune-related adverse events have rarely been reported. We report the case of a man in his 40s with hepatocellular carcinoma who developed life-threatening encephalitis after atezolizumab plus bevacizumab was administered. The patient presented with fever, headache, altered mentality, and general epileptic seizures, ten days after administration. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed elevated white blood cells and elevated protein levels, but revealed no infection or malignancy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement in both the cerebrum and cerebellum. As immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced encephalitis was strongly suspected, steroid pulse therapy was initiated and neurological symptoms quickly improved. The patient was discharged after 66 days of hospitalization, and administration of sorafenib and radiotherapy was started for the hepatocellular carcinoma on an outpatient basis. This case demonstrates the importance of recognizing neurological immune-related adverse events following atezolizumab and bevacizumab treatment for early intervention. We discuss this case in comparison to available literature and previous two cases of Atezolizumab- and bevacizumab- induced encephalitis in hepatocellular carcinoma."
2918,brain tumour,39180641,Pulsed focused ultrasound alters the proteomic profile of the tumor microenvironment in a syngeneic mouse model of glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), a lethal primary adult malignancy, is difficult to treat because of the restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), blood-tumor barrier (BTB), and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Since pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) is currently used to improve therapeutic deliveries across these barriers, this study aims to characterize the impact of pFUS on the TME proteomics upon opening the BBB and BTB."
2919,brain tumour,39180640,Metabolic signatures derived from whole-brain MR-spectroscopy identify early tumor progression in high-grade gliomas using machine learning.,"Recurrence for high-grade gliomas is inevitable despite maximal safe resection and adjuvant chemoradiation, and current imaging techniques fall short in predicting future progression. However, we introduce a novel whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy (WB-MRS) protocol that delves into the intricacies of tumor microenvironments, offering a comprehensive understanding of glioma progression to inform expectant surgical and adjuvant intervention."
2920,brain tumour,39180605,"Genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic landscape of glioblastoma.","The mostly aggressive and extremely malignant type of central nervous system is Glioblastoma (GBM), which is characterized by an extremely short average survival time of lesser than 16 months. The primary cause of this phenomenon can be attributed to the extensively altered genome of GBM, which is characterized by the dysregulation of numerous critical signaling pathways and epigenetics regulations associated with proliferation, cellular growth, survival, and apoptosis. In light of this, different genetic alterations in critical signaling pathways and various epigenetics regulation mechanisms are associated with GBM and identified as distinguishing markers. Such GBM prognostic alterations are identified in PI3K/AKT, p53, RTK, RAS, RB, STAT3 and ZIP4 signaling pathways, metabolic pathway (IDH1/2), as well as alterations in epigenetic regulation genes (MGMT, CDKN2A-p16"
2921,brain tumour,39180545,Gastrodin Liposomes Block Crosstalk between Astrocytes and Glioma Cells via Downregulating Cx43 to Improve Antiglioblastoma Efficacy of Temozolomide.,"The crosstalk between glioma cells and astrocytes plays a crucial role in developing temozolomide (TMZ) resistance of glioblastomas, together with the existence of the BBB contributing to the unsatisfactory clinical treatment of glioblastomas. Herein, we developed a borneol-modified and gastrodin-loaded liposome (Bo-Gas-LP), with the intent of enhancing the efficacy of TMZ therapy after intranasal administration. The results showed that Bo-Gas-LP improved GL261 cells' sensitivity to TMZ and prolonged survival of GL261-bearing mice by blocking the crosstalk between astrocytes and glioblastoma cells with the decrease of Cx43. Our study showed that intranasal Bo-Gas-LP targeting the crosstalk in glioblastoma microenvironments proposed a promising targeted therapy idea to overcome the current therapeutic limitations of TMZ-resistant glioblastomas."
2922,brain tumour,39180386,"Indirect influence on the BDNF/TrkB receptor signaling pathway via GPCRs, an emerging strategy in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.","Neuronal survival depends on neurotrophins and their receptors. There are two types of neurotrophin receptors: a nonenzymatic, trans-membrane protein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family-p75 receptor and the tyrosine kinase receptors (TrkR) A, B, and C. Activation of the TrkBR by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or neurotrophin 4/5 (NT-4/5) promotes neuronal survival, differentiation, and synaptic function. It is shown that in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative conditions (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease) the BDNF/TrkBR signaling pathway is impaired. Since it is known that GPCRs and TrkR are regulating several cell functions by interacting with each other and generating a cross-communication in this review we have focused on the interaction between different GPCRs and their ligands on BDNF/TrkBR signaling pathway."
2923,brain tumour,39180344,Geniposide modulates GSK3β to inhibit Th17 differentiation and mitigate endothelial damage in intracranial aneurysm.,"Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a common cerebrovascular disease. Immune system disorders and endothelial dysfunction are essential mechanisms of its pathogenesis. This study aims to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Geniposide (Gen) on IA, which has a protective impact on endothelial cells and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. IA mouse models were administered intraperitoneal injections of geniposide for 2 weeks following elastase injection into the right basal ganglia of the brain for intervention. The efficacy of Gen in treating IA was evaluated through pathological testing and transcriptome sequencing analysis of Willis ring vascular tissue. The primary mechanism of action was linked to the expression of GSK3β in Th17 cells. The percentage of splenic Th17 cell differentiation in IA mice was significantly inhibited by Gen. GSK3β/STAT3, and other pathway protein expression levels were also significantly inhibited by Gen. Additionally, TNF-α and IL-23 cytokine contents were significantly downregulated after Gen treatment. These results indicated that Gen significantly inhibited the percentage of Th17 cell differentiation, an effect that was reversed upon overexpression of the GSK3B gene. Furthermore, Gen-treated, Th17 differentiation-inducing cell-conditioned medium significantly up-regulated the expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5 in murine aortic endothelial cells. Administering the GSK3β inhibitor Tideglusib to IA mice alleviated the severity of IA disease pathology and up-regulated aortic tight junction protein expression. In conclusion, Gen inhibits Th17 cell differentiation through GSK3β, which reduces endothelial cell injury and up-regulates tight junction protein expression."
2924,brain tumour,39180315,"Histone Acetyl Transferase 1 Is Overexpressed in Poor Prognosis, High-grade Meningeal and Glial Brain Cancers: Immunohistochemical and Aptahistochemical Study.","Primary malignancies of the central nervous system account for 2% of all cancers in adults and almost 15% in children under 15 years of age. The prognosis of brain anaplastic cancers and glioblastomas remains extremely poor, with devastating survival expectative, and new molecular markers and therapeutic targets are essential. Epigenetic changes constitute an extensive field for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Histone acetyl transferase-1 (HAT1) has merged as a potential prognostic marker and therapy target for different malignancies. Data repository analysis showed HAT1 mRNA overexpression in gliomas and has been described its alternative splicing in glioblastomas. Using immunohistochemical and aptahistochemical methods, we analyzed the expression of HAT1 in meningiomas, oligodendrogliomas, and astroglial cancers. We observed that HAT1 overexpression is associated with the most aggressive tumor types and the worse prognosis, as well as with a higher probability of early relapse in meningiomas. Its cytosolic localization correlates with tumor progression and prognosis. Aptamers, synthetic oligonucleotides capable to bind and inhibit a wide variety of targets, are considered as promising diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Aptahistochemistry using the aptamer apHAT610 offered superior results in comparison with the antibody used, as a good example of the potential of aptamers as diagnostic tools for histopathology."
2925,brain tumour,39180089,Inhibition of GPR68 kills glioblastoma in zebrafish xenograft models.,"Inhibition and knockdown of GPR68 negatively affects glioblastoma cell survival in vitro by inducing ferroptosis. Herein, we aimed to demonstrate that inhibition of GPR68 reduces the survival of glioblastoma cells in vivo using two orthotopic larval xenograft models in Danio rerio, using GBM cell lines U87-MG and U138-MG. In vivo survival of the cancer cells was assessed in the setting of GPR68 inhibition or knockdown."
2926,brain tumour,39179711,"Pan-cancer analysis identifies venous thromboembolism-related genes F3, PLAT, and C1S as potential prognostic biomarkers for glioblastoma and lower grade glioma.","Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a prevalent complication among patients with cancer, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. However, the relationship between VTE-related genes (VRGs) and their potential impact on prognosis, immune response, and therapeutic targets in various cancer types remains unclear. Based on the coagulation and complement pathways, we identified hub VRGs that play a role in regulating the immune response in cancer. Specifically, coagulation factor III (F3), plasminogen activator (PLAT) and complement C1s (C1S) were identified as genes that exhibit high expression levels, positively correlating with tumor stemness and copy number variations, while inversely correlating with methylation levels, in particular cancer types. Pan-cancer survival analysis revealed detrimental effects of these VRGs in several cancer types, notably in glioblastoma and lower grade glioma (GMBLGG). Further analysis using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated a high accuracy of F3, PLAT and C1S in predicting outcomes in GBMLGG, with area under the curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.78 to 0.9. Validation of the prognostic value of these three genes in GMBLGG was conducted using an independent Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. Additionally, gene-drug association analysis identified ciclosporin, ouabain and 6- mercaptopurine, which all exhibit immunosuppressive properties, as potential therapeutic options for tumor patients exhibiting high F3, PLAT or C1S expression, respectively. In summary, our findings provide a bioinformatics perspective on VRGs in pan-cancer, highlighting the pivotal roles of F3, PLAT and C1S, which could potentially be therapeutically exploited and targeted in several cancers, especially in GBMLGG."
2927,brain tumour,39179663,Lipid transfer from tumour-associated macrophages supports glioblastoma.,No abstract found
2928,brain tumour,39179527,Inferring histology-associated gene expression gradients in spatial transcriptomic studies.,"Spatially resolved transcriptomics has revolutionized RNA studies by aligning RNA abundance with tissue structure, enabling direct comparisons between histology and gene expression. Traditional approaches to identifying signature genes often involve preliminary data grouping, which can overlook subtle expression patterns in complex tissues. We present Spatial Gradient Screening, an algorithm which facilitates the supervised detection of histology-associated gene expression patterns without prior data grouping. Utilizing spatial transcriptomic data along with single-cell deconvolution from injured mouse cortex, and TCR-seq data from brain tumors, we compare our methodology to standard differential gene expression analysis. Our findings illustrate both the advantages and limitations of cluster-free detection of gene expression, offering more profound insights into the spatial architecture of transcriptomes. The algorithm is embedded in SPATA2, an open-source framework written in R, which provides a comprehensive set of tools for investigating gene expression within tissue."
2929,brain tumour,39179355,lncRNA BC200 is processed into a stable Alu monomer.,"The noncoding RNA BC200 is elevated in human cancers and is implicated in translation regulation as well as cell survival and proliferation. Upon BC200 overexpression, we observed correlated expression of a second, smaller RNA species. This RNA is expressed endogenously and exhibits cell-type-dependent variability relative to BC200. Aptamer-tagged expression constructs confirmed that the RNA is a truncated form of BC200, and sequencing revealed a modal length of 120 nt; thus, we refer to the RNA fragment as BC120. We present a methodology for accurate and specific detection of BC120 and establish that BC120 is expressed in several normal human tissues and is also elevated in ovarian cancer. BC120 exhibits remarkable stability relative to BC200 and is resistant to knockdown strategies that target the 3' unique sequence of BC200. Combined knockdown of BC200 and BC120 exhibits greater phenotypic impacts than knockdown of BC200 alone, and overexpression of BC120 negatively impacts translation of a GFP reporter, providing insight into a potential translational regulatory role for this RNA. The presence of a novel, truncated, and stable form of BC200 adds complexity to the investigation of this noncoding RNA that must be considered in future studies of BC200 and other related Alu RNAs."
2930,brain tumour,39179298,Radiomics Based Differentiation of Glioblastoma and Metastatic Disease: Impact of Different T1-Contrast Enhanced Sequences on Radiomic Features and Model Performance.,To evaluate the radiomics-based model performance for differentiation between glioblastoma (GB) and brain metastases (BM) using magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) and volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) T1-contrast enhanced sequences.
2931,brain tumour,39179260,Pituitary apoplexy illustrated.,No abstract found
2932,brain tumour,39179118,Unveiling the protective potential of mirabegron against thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats: Insights into cAMP/PPAR-γ/p-ERK1/2/p S536 NF-κB p 65 and p-CREB/BDNF/TrkB in parallel with oxidative and apoptotic trajectories.,"Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is one of the most prevalent and severe hepatic and brain disorders in which escalation of the oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic trajectories pathologically connects acute liver injury with neurological impairment. Mirabegron (Mira) is a beta3 adrenergic receptor agonist with proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The current research pointed to exploring Mira's hepato-and neuroprotective impacts against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced HE in rats. Rats were distributed into three experimental groups: the normal control group, the TAA group, received TAA (200 mg/kg/day for three consecutive days) and the Mira-treated group received Mira (10 mg/kg/day; oral gavage) for 15 consecutive days and intoxicated with TAA from the 13th to the 15th day of the experimental period. Mira counteracted hyperammonemia, enhanced rats' locomotor capability and motor coordination. It attenuated hepatic/neurological injuries by its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic as well as anti-inflammatory potentials. Mira predominantly targeted cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-Erk1/2)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) dependent pathways via downregulation of p S536-nuclear factor kappa B p65 (p S536 NF-κB p 65)/tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) axis. Meanwhile, it attenuated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) depletion in parallel with restoring of the neuroprotective defensive pathway by upregulation of cerebral cAMP/PPAR-γ/p-ERK1/2 and p-CREB/BDNF/TrkB besides reduction of GFAP immunoreactivity. Mira showed anti-apoptotic activity through inhibition of Bax immunoreactivity and elevation of Bcl2. To summarize, Mira exhibited a hepato-and neuroprotective effect against TAA-induced HE in rats via shielding antioxidant defense and mitigation of the pathological inflammatory and apoptotic axis besides upregulation of neuroprotective signaling pathways."
2933,brain tumour,39179092,"ML218 modulates calcium binding protein, oxidative stress, and inflammation during ischemia-reperfusion brain injury in mice.","Cerebral ischemia disrupts calcium homeostasis in the brain causing excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal cell apoptosis. During ischemic conditions, T-type calcium channel channels contribute to increase in intracellular calcium ions in both neurons and glial cells therefore, the current study hypothesizes the antagonism of these channels using ML218, a novel specific T-Type inhibitor in experimental model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) brain injury. CI/R injury was induced in Swiss Albino mice by occlusion of common carotid arteries followed by reperfusion. Animals were assessed for learning and memory (MWM), motor coordination (Rota rod), neurological function (neurological deficit score), cerebral infarction, edema, and histopathological alterations. Biochemical assessments were made for calcium binding proteins (Calmodulin- CaM, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-CaMKII, S100B), oxidative stress (4-hydroxy 2-nonenal-4-HNE, glutathione-GSH, inflammation (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-p65-NF-kB, tumor necrosis factor-TNF-α, interleukin-IL-10) inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels, and acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) in brain supernatants. Furthermore, serum levels of NF-kB, iNOS, and S100B were also assessed. CI/R animals showed impairment in learning, memory, motor coordination, and neurological function along with increase in cerebral infarction, edema, and histopathological alterations. Furthermore, increase in brain calcium binding proteins, oxidative stress, inflammation, and AChE activity along with serum NF-kB, iNOS, and S100B levels were recorded in CI/R animals. Administration of ML218 (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg; i.p.) was observed to recuperate CI/R induced impairments in behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological analysis. Hence, it may be concluded that ML218 mediates neuroprotection during CI/R via decreasing brain and serum calcium binding proteins, inflammation, iNOS, and oxidative stress markers."
2934,brain tumour,39179085,LncRNA BC200 promotes the development of EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma by competitively binding to miR-6834-5p to upregulate TYMS expression.,"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is closely related to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in cancers. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the roles of lncRNAs in EBV-associated NPC remains largely unclear. In this study, we confirmed that the expression of the lncRNA brain cytoplasmic 200 (BC200) was significantly increased in EBV-infected NPC cells and tissues. BC200 facilitated the growth and migration of NPC cells, suggesting that it participated in NPC progression by functioning as an oncogene. Mechanistically, BC200 was found to act as a ceRNA by sponging and inhibiting miR-6834-5p. Thymidylate synthetase (TYMS), whose high expression was reported to be an independent indicator of poor prognosis in NPC via an unknown mechanism, was identified as a target gene of miR-6834-5p in the present study. BC200 upregulated TYMS expression in a manner that depends on miR-6834-5p. TYMS was abnormally upregulated in EBV-positive NPC cells and tissues, and its ectopic expression contributed to the proliferation and migration of NPC cells. This study highlights the role of lncRNA BC200, which is upregulated by EBV, in promoting the development of NPC, suggesting that BC200-mediated ceRNA network may be valuable biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of EBV-associated NPC."
2935,brain tumour,39179018,Exploring the therapeutic potential of Potentilla fragarioides var. major (Rosaceae) extract in Alzheimer's disease using in vitro and in vivo models: A multi-faceted approach.,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is caused by various factors including amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation. We investigated the pharmacological effects of the ethanol extract of Potentilla fragarioides var. major (Rosaceae) (EEPF) on AD-related pathogenesis, which remain elusive. We observed the effects of EEPF on Aβ disaggregation and free-radical scavenging activities for 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) using in vitro assays, evaluated the effects of EEPF on memory loss in two animal models, and examined the molecular regulatory mechanisms of EEPF using an antibody-protein microarray in EEPF-treated neuronal cell lines. EEPF inhibited Aβ aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner and enhanced free-radical scavenging activities for ABTS and DPPH. EEPF significantly inhibited memory impairment in the passive avoidance task, Y-maze test, and Morris water maze test in scopolamine-induced short-term memory loss mice and Aβ-injected AD-like mice. Nissl staining and immunohistochemistry for NeuN and Iba-1 confirmed the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of EEPF in both animal models. In H"
2936,brain tumour,39178849,An oncolytic adenovirus co-expressing a bi-specific T cell engager and IL-2 for the treatment of ovarian cancer.,No abstract found
2937,brain tumour,39178719,Impact of timing and initial recurrence site on post-recurrence survival in resected non-small cell lung cancer.,"High recurrence rate following curative surgery for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents a major clinical challenge. Understanding the site and timing of recurrence and their impact on post-recurrence survival (PRS) is important for optimal postoperative surveillance and therapeutic intervention. In this study, we investigated the influence of the time to recurrence (TTR) and initial recurrence site on PRS."
2938,brain tumour,39178696,The tonsillouvular fissure approach to exophytic cavernous malformation in the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle: 2-dimensional operative video.,"Cavernous malformations surrounding the fourth ventricle are challenging lesions to access and treat surgically owing to the complexity and eloquence of adjacent neural tissue [1] Long-standing practice included tissue transgression through the overlying cerebellar cortical surface of the hemisphere or vermis [1-3]. Using natural corridors such as tonsillobiventral fissure, cerebellomedullary fissure, and tonsillouvular fissure (TUF) offers elegant access to the fourth ventricle, avoiding traversing of neural tissue [4-7]. A 32-year-old male presented with headache, nausea, vomiting, double vision, and vertigo. Neuroimaging demonstrated a 17-mm diameter cavernous malformation protruding into the left lateral recess of the fourth ventricle. The patient consented for the procedure and underwent a middline suboccipital craniotomy in a prone position. TUF approach was performed by dissecting the arachnoid to the depth of the fissure, and after identifying the tonsillomedullary segment of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, minimal white matter transgression was used to reach cavernous malformation. Complete removal of the lesion was achieved and confirmed on postoperative imaging. The postoperative course was uneventful. TUF approach with manipulation by ipsilateral and contralateral retraction of tonsills allows the widening of the surgical corridor and better exposure of lesions of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle [1]. TUF approach is a valuable alternative to transvermian and transcerebellar approaches that minimize the division of neural tissue [6]. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case describing the TUF approach to exophytic cavernoma presenting in the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle. Under our institutional ethical review board regulations, approval was not necessary."
2939,brain tumour,39178680,Phillyrin promotes autophagosome formation in A53T-αSyn-induced Parkinson's disease model via modulation of REEP1.,"The preservation of autophagosome formation presents a promising strategy for tackling neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAM) serve not only as a focal point linked to various neurological disorders but also play a crucial role in supporting the biogenesis of autophagosomes."
2940,brain tumour,39178552,The predictive value of intraoperative facial motor evoked potentials in cerebellopontine angle tumor surgery.,Our aim is to explore the value of intraoperative facial motor evoked potentials (FMEP) for facial outcomes in cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor surgery to provide an evidence-based consensus standard for future clinical practice and prospective studies.
2941,brain tumour,39178506,Comparative dosimetric analysis of normal brain tissue in patients with Nasopharyngeal carcinoma at different stages after radiation therapy.,Radiotherapy (RT) is the main treatment for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). NPC patients at different stages have varying levels of damage to normal brain tissue after RT. No study has yet thoroughly analyzed the variations in radiation dosages in the brain for different stages of NPC patients treated with RT. This study aims to examine these variations.
2942,brain tumour,39178482,The impact of sampling time point on the lipidome composition.,"Lipidomic profiling has been reported as an effective approach for characterizing and differentiating brain tumors. However, since lipids can undergo non-specific enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions due to tissue disruption, it is critical to consider the preanalytical phase of the diagnostic process (e.g., optimizing the sampling time and sampling conditions). Thus, this study assesses the ways in which the time point of sampling impacts the lipidome composition of brain tumors. Two histologically distinct brain tumors-namely, meningiomas and gliomas-were sampled using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers at two time points: on-site directly after removal, and after 12 months of storage at -30 °C. The samples were analyzed via HILIC chromatography coupled with HRMS, which enabled the detection of a wide range of features, including phospholipids and sphingolipids, as well as changes in the profiles of these compounds. The samples obtained from the stored tissues tended to have elevated levels of analytes with lower m/z values. In addition, the samples obtained from the fresh and stored tissues were easily distinguished based on their lipidome compositions, regardless of the histological tumor type. Notably, while storage did not affect the possibility of differentiating meningiomas and gliomas, the biological interpretation of the obtained results were prone to bias."
2943,brain tumour,39178478,"Cerebroventricular deformation and vector mapping, a topographic visualizer for surgical interventions in pediatric hydrocephalus.","Hydrocephalus is a challenging neurosurgical condition due to nonspecific symptoms and complex brain-fluid pressure dynamics. Typically, the assessment of hydrocephalus in children requires radiographic or invasive pressure monitoring. There is usually a qualitative focus on the ventricular spaces even though stress and shear forces extend across the brain. Here, the authors present an MRI-based vector approach for voxelwise brain and ventricular deformation visualization and analysis."
2944,brain tumour,39178415,Ommaya Reservoir-Assisted Treatment for Giant Cystic Solid Craniopharyngioma in Children.,"In children with giant cystic solid craniopharyngioma (CP), the Ommaya reservoir was implanted in the CP cavity, and the cystic fluid was continuously drained for 5 days before the tumor resection."
2945,brain tumour,39178259,Sexually dimorphic computational histopathological signatures prognostic of overall survival in high-grade gliomas via deep learning.,"High-grade glioma (HGG) is an aggressive brain tumor. Sex is an important factor that differentially affects survival outcomes in HGG. We used an end-to-end deep learning approach on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) scans to (i) identify sex-specific histopathological attributes of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and (ii) create sex-specific risk profiles to prognosticate overall survival. Surgically resected H&E-stained tissue slides were analyzed in a two-stage approach using ResNet18 deep learning models, first, to segment the viable tumor regions and second, to build sex-specific prognostic models for prediction of overall survival. Our mResNet-Cox model yielded C-index (0.696, 0.736, 0.731, and 0.729) for the female cohort and C-index (0.729, 0.738, 0.724, and 0.696) for the male cohort across training and three independent validation cohorts, respectively. End-to-end deep learning approaches using routine H&E-stained slides, trained separately on male and female patients with HGG, may allow for identifying sex-specific histopathological attributes of the TME associated with survival and, ultimately, build patient-centric prognostic risk assessment models."
2946,brain tumour,39178208,Use of extracellular vesicle microRNA profiles in patients with acute myeloid leukemia for the identification of novel biomarkers.,"This study aimed to establish clinically significant microRNA (miRNA) sets using extracellular vesicles (EVs) from bone marrow (BM) aspirates of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and to identify the genes that interact with these EV-derived miRNAs in AML."
2947,brain tumour,39178027,Effects of chronic stress on rat heart function following regional ischemia: a sex-dependent investigation.,"Chronic psychological stress is a recognized, yet understudied risk factor for heart disease, with potential sex-specific effects. We investigated whether chronic stress triggers sex-dependent cardiac dysfunction in isolated Wistar rat hearts subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury. The experimental cohort underwent 1 h of daily restraint stress for 4 wk versus matched controls, followed by euthanasia (sodium pentobarbital) and heart excision for ex vivo perfusion. Blood analysis revealed sex-specific alterations in stress hormones and inflammatory markers. When compared with controls, chronic restraint stress (CRS) males displayed decreased plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels ("
2948,brain tumour,39177617,Highly accurate brain tumor detection with high sensitivity using transform-based functions and machine learning algorithms.,"Brain tumor is an extremely dangerous disease with a very high mortality rate worldwide. Detecting brain tumors accurately is crucial due to the varying appearance of tumor cells and the dimensional irregularities in their growth. This poses a significant challenge for detection algorithms. Currently, there are numerous algorithms utilized for this purpose, ranging from transform-based methods to those rooted in machine learning techniques. These algorithms aim to enhance the accuracy of detection despite the complexities involved in identifying brain tumor cells. The major limitation of these algorithms is the mapping of extracted features of a brain tumor in the classification algorithms."
2949,brain tumour,39177581,Translational Imaging in Cerebral Tumors.,"Despite emerging possibilities of molecular histopathologic characterization, multiparametric MRI plays a key role in the diagnosis and classification of cerebral tumors. Imaging may also provide additional information about relevant histopathologic features of these tumors. See related article by Gao et al., p. 4876."
2950,brain tumour,39177509,Assessment of Tumor Cell Invasion and Radiotherapy Response in Experimental Glioma by Magnetic Resonance Elastography.,"Gliomas are highly invasive brain neoplasms. MRI is the most important tool to diagnose and monitor glioma but has shortcomings. In particular, the assessment of tumor cell invasion is insufficient. This is a clinical dilemma, as recurrence can arise from MRI-occult glioma cell invasion."
2951,brain tumour,39177498,"Mapping Tumor Habitats in IDH-Wild Type Glioblastoma: Integrating MR Imaging, Pathologic, and RNA Data from Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project.",To spatially validate intratumoral subregions (tumor habitat) using physiologic MRI on pathology of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype whole-glioblastoma sample.
2952,brain tumour,39177471,Interrater Reliability Assessment of the Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS).,No abstract found
2953,brain tumour,39177272,Is postoperative high dependency care really needed for children undergoing supratentorial brain tumour surgery?,We present our analysis of the existing Paediatric High Dependency Unit (HDU) admission policy at our institution and discuss our thoughts for its revision in the context of paediatric supratentorial tumour surgery.
2954,brain tumour,39177266,Physical therapy enhances physical and functional abilities in a female patient with gliomatosis cerebri.,"Gliomatosis cerebri is a low incidence diffuse glial tumor that affects three or more brain lobes. The survival rate is < 5 years in 20% of the patients. Although chemotherapy seems to improve life expectancy, to date no interventions have been described that help improve the quality of life of these patients. The aim of this study was to assess if physical therapy may contribute to do this. We present the case of a female patient with gliomatosis cerebri of nine years of evolution showing dependence on technical supports and supervision during walking, reduced speed and balance, tremor and dystonia in lower limbs. The patient underwent physiotherapy treatment: trunk control exercises, limb strength, and gait ability. Improvement in functionality was observed. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm these results ."
2955,brain tumour,39177128,Prompt Multi-level Segmentation with Denoising Model with Fragile Correlated Feature Subset for Brain Tumor Classification.,Classifying brain tumors with extraordinary precision using images is critical for prognosis and treatment planning. The aberrant proliferation of brain cells characterizes brain tumors. Variations in neuronal development may occur among individuals. The classification of tumors as benign or malignant is contingent upon their rate of growth. A benign tumor remains localized at its site of origin; one that has spread to distant sites is malignant. Brain tumor identification may be difficult due to the unique characteristics of brain tumor cells
2956,brain tumour,39176815,Comparing nnU-Net and deepflash2 for Histopathological Tumor Segmentation.,"Machine Learning (ML) has evolved beyond being a specialized technique exclusively used by computer scientists. Besides the general ease of use, automated pipelines allow for training sophisticated ML models with minimal knowledge of computer science. In recent years, Automated ML (AutoML) frameworks have become serious competitors for specialized ML models and have even been able to outperform the latter for specific tasks. Moreover, this success is not limited to simple tasks but also complex ones, like tumor segmentation in histopathological tissue, a very time-consuming task requiring years of expertise by medical professionals. Regarding medical image segmentation, the leading AutoML frameworks are nnU-Net and deepflash2. In this work, we begin to compare those two frameworks in the area of histopathological image segmentation. This use case proves especially challenging, as tumor and healthy tissue are often not clearly distinguishable by hard borders but rather through heterogeneous transitions. A dataset of 103 whole-slide images from 56 glioblastoma patients was used for the evaluation. Training and evaluation were run on a notebook with consumer hardware, determining the suitability of the frameworks for their application in clinical scenarios rather than high-performance scenarios in research labs."
2957,brain tumour,39176588,Reproducibility of Radiomic Features in Glial Brain Tumors.,"In our recent research, we have effectively demonstrated the feasibility of classifying magnetic resonance images (MRI) of glial tumors into four histological types utilizing standardized volume of interest (VOI), radiomics and machine learning. This research aims to determine the reproducibility of our approach when the locations of VOI are changed. We were able to demonstrate high reproducibility of ML results when the same feature selection methodology was employed across different VOIs. However, the reproducibility of radiomic features and their sets among various VOIs was not ensured for the sample size (n = 85) studied. The limited reproducibility of radiomic features should be taken into account when evaluating radiomics studies in glial tumors."
2958,brain tumour,39176560,Enhancing Clinical Practice: Creating Dynamic Medical Content in Electronic Medical Records.,"The integration of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) revolutionized healthcare but often retained limitations from paper-based structures. This study proposes a framework for developing dynamic medical content specifically adapted to the clinical context including medical specialty and diseases. Tailoring content to this dynamic context offers several benefits, including improved access to relevant information, streamlined workflows, and potentially better patient outcomes. We applied our framework to develop neurosurgical content, focusing on brain tumors. The method involves defining the medical specialty, outlining user journeys, and iteratively developing artifacts like assessment forms, dashboards, and order sets. Standardized terminologies ensure consistency and interoperability. Our results demonstrate a successful development of content meeting user needs and clinical relevance. While initial implementation focused on neurosurgery, exploring scalability and AI integration offers promising avenues for further advancement. Future studies could quantitatively evaluate the impact of this method on user satisfaction and patient outcomes."
2959,brain tumour,39176532,Development of a CNN for Adult Brain Tumour Characterisation: Implications and Future Directions for Transfer Learning.,"Brain tumours are the most commonly occurring solid tumours in children, albeit with lower incidence rates compared to adults. However, their inherent heterogeneity, ethical considerations regarding paediatric patients, and difficulty in long-term follow-up make it challenging to gather large homogenous datasets for analysis. This study focuses on the development of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for brain tumour characterisation using the adult BraTS 2020 dataset. We propose to transfer knowledge, from models pre-trained on extensive adult brain tumour datasets to smaller cohort datasets (e.g., paediatric brain tumours) in future studies, by leveraging Transfer Learning (TL). This approach aims to extract relevant features from pre-trained models, addressing the limited availability of annotated paediatric datasets and enhancing tumour characterisation in children. The implications and potential applications of this methodology in paediatric neuro-oncology are discussed."
2960,brain tumour,39176306,Rare Cerebral Location of a Left Lateral Ventricle Solitary Fibrous Tumor (SFT): A Case Report With Literature Review.,"Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that can occur intraventricularly, presenting diagnostic and management challenges. We describe a case of a 21-year-old male with no significant medical history who presented with intermittent headaches and vomiting, progressing to continuous symptoms. Neurological examination was unremarkable. Brain MRI revealed an isointense lesion in the occipital horn of the left lateral ventricle, diagnosed as an SFT. Surgical excision via a transcortical approach was successful, followed by postoperative radiotherapy. This case highlights the complexities in diagnosing and treating intraventricular SFTs, emphasizing the need for comprehensive evaluation and multimodal management strategies."
2961,brain tumour,39176091,Potentially functional variants of ,"B cells are adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and play an important role in tumor development and metastasis. However, the roles of genetic variants of the immunity B cell-related genes in the survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unknown. In the present study, we first evaluated associations between 10,776 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 220 immunity B cell-related genes and survival of NSCLC in a discovery dataset of 1,185 patients from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. We found that 369 SNPs were significantly associated with overall survival (OS) of NSCLC in multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis ("
2962,brain tumour,39175555,Comparison of three Radiotherapy Techniques Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy with Variable and Constant Dose Rate and Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for the Irradiation of Five Cancer Sites.,Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is mostly considered due to its superior tumor coverage and sparing of organs at risk (OAR) with shorter treatment delivery time.
2963,brain tumour,39175471,Crosstalk between breast cancer-derived microRNAs and brain microenvironmental cells in breast cancer brain metastasis.,"Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women, constituting 15.2% of all new cancers diagnosed in the United States. Distant breast cancer metastasis accounts for the majority of breast cancer-related deaths; brain metastasis is the third most common site for metastatic breast cancer but is associated with worst prognosis of approximately eight months of survival. Current treatment options for breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) are limited and ineffective. To help identify new and effective therapies for BCBM, it is important to investigate the mechanisms by which breast cancer cells metastasize to the brain and thrive in the brain microenvironment. To this end, studies have reported that primary breast tumor cells can prime brain microenvironmental cells, including, astrocytes and microglia, to promote the formation of BCBM through the release of extracellular vesicle-microRNAs (miRNAs). Breast tumor-derived miRNAs can also promote breast cancer cell invasion through the blood-brain barrier by disrupting the integrity of the brain microvascular endothelial cells. In this review, we summarize current literature on breast cancer-derived BCBM-promoting miRNAs, cover their roles in the complex steps of BCBM particularly their interactions with microenvironmental cells within the brain metastatic niche, and finally discuss their therapeutic applications in the management of BCBM."
2964,brain tumour,39175430,Efficacy and Safety of Anlotinib in EGFR-Positive Patients with Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma Compared with Chemotherapy: A Retrospective Study.,"There are no standard third-line or beyond treatments for patients with driver mutation-positive advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Anlotinib was approved as a third-line multitarget drug in China in 2018. Limited data are available regarding the efficacy and safety of anlotinib compared with chemotherapy. To investigate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib compared with traditional chemotherapy in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive advanced LUAD. We conducted a retrospective study of 83 EGFR mutation-positive patients with advanced LUAD between 2011 and 2022. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were the primary endpoints, whereas the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were the secondary endpoints. Anlotinib-related adverse events (AEs) were recorded to evaluate the safety of anlotinib. 39 patients with LUAD received anlotinib and 44 patients with LUAD received chemotherapy were enrolled in the study. Patients treated with anlotinib exhibited longer PFS (11.2 vs 4.5 months, "
2965,brain tumour,39175248,[«Masks» of CNS demyelinating diseases. Primary lymphoma].,"Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare neoplasm that can affect the brain, eyes, and, rarely, the spinal cord. Clinical presentation and MRI findings can mimic a variety of diseases, including high-grade gliomas, infectious and granulomatous diseases, and demyelinating diseases. We describe three cases where the diagnosis of PCNSL was difficult due to an ambiguous clinical, radiological and laboratory results. The role of stereotactic biopsy remains leading in differential diagnosis; however, the invasiveness and frequent limitations of this method determine the search for additional biological markers of the disease. New evidence suggests a potential role for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine profiles and proteomic analysis in differential diagnosis, disease progression, and treatment response."
2966,brain tumour,39174921,VEGFA contributes to tumor property of glioblastoma cells by promoting differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant astrocytic tumor and its progression involves the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA). However, the mechanism of VEGFA in regulating GBM progression remains unclear."
2967,brain tumour,39174883,Causes of missed MRI diagnosis of radiotherapy-induced temporal lobe injury in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.,"Radiotherapy is the primary treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but it frequently leads to radiotherapy-induced temporal lobe injury (RTLI). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the main diagnostic method for RTLI after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but it is prone to missed diagnoses. This study aims to investigate the causes of missed diagnoses of RTLI in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients undergoing MRI after radiotherapy."
2968,brain tumour,39174761,Application of the semidiving technique in fully endoscopic microvascular decompression.,"Microvascular decompression (MVD) is the preferred treatment for hemifacial spasm (HFS) and trigeminal neuralgia (TN), and fully endoscopic microvascular decompression (E-MVD) has been widely discussed in recent years. Considering the endoscopic diving technique used in endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection, we developed the endoscopic semidiving technique. This technique involves preserving some cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positioning the endoscope at an appropriate distance from it; the potential advantages include reducing cerebellar retraction, accurately identifying the responsible vessels and minimizing mechanical damage. This study aimed to preliminarily evaluate the safety and feasibility of the semidiving technique in E-MVD. A total of 359 patients with HFS and TN scheduled to undergo E-MVD were included in the study. Patients with each disease were divided into a nonsemidiving technique group and a semidiving technique group. Surgical data, postoperative outcomes, complications, and recurrence rates were compared between the groups. In patients with HFS, the effective rate was 95.6% (nonsemidiving)and 92.9% (semidiving) respectively, with no statistically significant difference. The semidiving technique group had a lower incidence of postoperative permanent hearing loss compared with the nonsemidiving technique group (0% vs. 5.9%). In TN patients, no significant differences in effectiveness or postoperative complications were observed. The application of the semidiving technique in E-MVD for HFS not only ensures surgical quality and postoperative efficacy but also reduces the incidence of postoperative hearing loss, shortens the surgical duration and reduces the number of postoperative hospitalization days, aligning with the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS)."
2969,brain tumour,39174603,Combination chemotherapy via poloxamer 188 surface-modified PLGA nanoparticles that traverse the blood-brain-barrier in a glioblastoma model.,"The effect of chemotherapy for anti-glioblastoma is limited due to insufficient drug delivery across the blood-brain-barrier. Poloxamer 188-coated nanoparticles can enhance the delivery of nanoparticles across the blood-brain-barrier. This study presents the design, preparation, and evaluation of a combination of PLGA nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) loaded with methotrexate (P-MTX NPs) and PLGA nanoparticles loaded with paclitaxel (P-PTX NPs), both of which were surface-modified with poloxamer188. Cranial tumors were induced by implanting C6 cells in a rat model and MRI demonstrated that the tumors were indistinguishable in the two rats with P-MTX NPs + P-PTX NPs treated groups. Brain PET scans exhibited a decreased brain-to-background ratio which could be attributed to the diminished metabolic tumor volume. The expression of Ki-67 as a poor prognosis factor, was significantly lower in P-MTX NPs + P-PTX NPs compared to the control. Furthermore, the biodistribution of PLGA NPs was determined by carbon quantum dots loaded into PLGA NPs (P-CQD NPs), and quantitative analysis of ex-vivo imaging of the dissected organs demonstrated that 17.2 ± 0.6% of the NPs were concentrated in the brain after 48 h. The findings highlight the efficacy of combination nanochemotherapy in glioblastoma treatment, indicating the need for further preclinical studies."
2970,brain tumour,39174523,Mutant huntingtin impairs neurodevelopment in human brain organoids through CHCHD2-mediated neurometabolic failure.,"Expansion of the glutamine tract (poly-Q) in the protein huntingtin (HTT) causes the neurodegenerative disorder Huntington's disease (HD). Emerging evidence suggests that mutant HTT (mHTT) disrupts brain development. To gain mechanistic insights into the neurodevelopmental impact of human mHTT, we engineered male induced pluripotent stem cells to introduce a biallelic or monoallelic mutant 70Q expansion or to remove the poly-Q tract of HTT. The introduction of a 70Q mutation caused aberrant development of cerebral organoids with loss of neural progenitor organization. The early neurodevelopmental signature of mHTT highlighted the dysregulation of the protein coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 2 (CHCHD2), a transcription factor involved in mitochondrial integrated stress response. CHCHD2 repression was associated with abnormal mitochondrial morpho-dynamics that was reverted upon overexpression of CHCHD2. Removing the poly-Q tract from HTT normalized CHCHD2 levels and corrected key mitochondrial defects. Hence, mHTT-mediated disruption of human neurodevelopment is paralleled by aberrant neurometabolic programming mediated by dysregulation of CHCHD2, which could then serve as an early interventional target for HD."
2971,brain tumour,39174498,NUP37 promotes the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells through DNMT1-mediated methylation.,"Nuclear regulation has potential in cancer therapy, with the nuclear pore complex (NPC) serving as a critical channel between the nucleus and cytoplasm, playing a role in regulating various biological processes and cancer. DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), influences gene expression and cell differentiation, and is crucial for the development and progression of tumor cells. Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors, with glioblastoma being particularly aggressive, characterized by invasiveness, migration capability, and resistance to conventional treatments, resulting in poor prognosis. Our study revealed that the expression level of NUP37 affects the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells, and that the overexpression of DNMT1 can alleviate the adverse effects caused by NUP37 depletion. These findings suggest that NUP37 promotes the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells through its interaction with DNMT1."
2972,brain tumour,39174449,Resiliency among older adults receiving lung cancer treatment (ROAR-LCT): A novel supportive care intervention for older adults with advanced lung cancer.,Novel supportive care interventions designed for an aging population with lung cancer are urgently needed. We aimed to determine the feasibility of a novel supportive care physical therapy (PT) plus progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) intervention delivered to older adults with advanced lung cancer in the United States (US).
2973,brain tumour,39174044,Challenges and innovations in managing a complex giant bilateral juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma with intracranial extension.,"Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a highly vascular, benign and locally aggressive tumour that predominantly affects adolescent males. Recognised for its persistence and propensity to recur, patients usually present with gradual development of symptoms such as epistaxis and nasal obstruction over several months to years. Diagnosis typically combines clinical assessments and radiographic studies, often involving preoperative angiography to identify feeder vessels and facilitate embolisation, reducing intraoperative bleeding during surgical interventions. A comprehensive approach to treatment, considering both tumour characteristics and patient well-being, is crucial, particularly when dealing with cases involving intracranial extension. Surgical excision remains the primary treatment for angiofibroma, though radiotherapy is considered for cases with intracranial extension. This case report outlines a case involving a young man in his 20s with a large bilateral JNA extending into the intracranial area. The patient underwent preoperative embolisation followed by surgical resection using a nasofrontomaxillary swing approach with a bifrontal craniotomy window. This alternative approach provided enhanced exposure to address the involvement of the infratemporal fossa, anterior and middle skull base. Postoperatively, residual intracranial tumour was managed with radiation therapy. Over a 2-year follow-up, the patient remains asymptomatic, with a minor postradiation reduction in the intracranial component's size."
2974,brain tumour,39173967,Samuel Frank Clarendon Ghouralal (1925-1991): Pioneering Neurosurgeon in Trinidad.,"Dr. Samuel Frank Clarendon Ghouralal emerged not only as a pioneer in neurosurgery but as a community leader in Trinidad and Tobago, contributing significantly to a region where neurosurgical care was scarce. This historical account aims to shed light on the remarkable life and career of Dr. Ghouralal, emphasizing the critical role he played in establishing and advancing neurosurgery in Trinidad and Tobago."
2975,brain tumour,39173723,Naoxintong capsule accelerates mitophagy in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via TP53/PINK1/PRKN pathway based on network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation.,The incidence and mortality of cerebrovascular diseases are increasing year by year. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is common in patients with ischemic stroke. Naoxintong (NXT) is composed of a variety of Chinese medicines and has the ability to treat CIRI.
2976,brain tumour,39173565,Quality of life and survivorship in patients with low-grade ovarian cancer.,"High-grade (HGOC) and low-grade ovarian carcinoma (LGOC) are distinct malignancies with different biological features, treatment paradigms, and life expectancies. However, differences in quality of life (QOL), sleep, and depressive symptoms have not been examined by grade, and neither have inflammatory profiles associated with these symptoms. We aim to characterize QOL and biomarkers by OC grade."
2977,brain tumour,39172943,Discovery of Dehydrogenated Imipridone Derivatives as Activators of Human Caseinolytic Protease P.,"Based on the founding member of imipridones, "
2978,brain tumour,39172777,A Narrative Review of the Current Research in Cancer-Related Pain Inequities: The Necessity of Applying Intersectionality to Advance Cancer Pain Research.,"Cancer-related pain has a significant impact on quality of life for patients with cancer. In populations without cancer, there are documented pain inequities associated with minoritized racial and/or ethnic groups, women, and low socioeconomic status. However, our understanding of pain inequities specifically among patients with cancer remains incomplete. We narratively synthesized published quantitative research on cancer-related pain inequities in the US in the past decade. A search identified 17 English-language articles examining pain for patients with various cancer types at different treatment stages. Our review revealed mixed findings comparing cancer-related pain by racial group (e.g., Black vs White) and sex (male vs female), but consistent findings indicating that people with lower (vs higher) socioeconomic status and younger (vs older) patients report more cancer-related pain. Research on cancer pain among sexual and gender minorities remains scant. Key research gaps include a need for more research that incorporates an intersectional perspective by exploring intersecting subgroups and measuring social and structural processes that drive pain inequities. These findings underscore an important need for researchers to use an intersectional approach to cancer pain to help elucidate key populations at-risk for exacerbated cancer-related pain and identify ways to mitigate social and structural processes that drive these inequities."
2979,brain tumour,39172712,Development and validation of a CT-based radiomics model to predict survival-graded fibrosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.,"Tumor fibrosis plays an important role in chemotherapy resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), however there remains a contradiction in the prognostic value of fibrosis. We aimed to investigate the relationship between tumor fibrosis and survival in patients with PDAC, classify patients into high- and low-fibrosis groups, and develop and validate a CT-based radiomics model to non-invasively predict fibrosis before treatment."
2980,brain tumour,39172697,Machine Learning-Based Sample Misidentification Error Detection in Clinical Laboratory Tests: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.,"In clinical laboratories, the precision and sensitivity of autoverification technologies are crucial for ensuring reliable diagnostics. Conventional methods have limited sensitivity and applicability, making error detection challenging and reducing laboratory efficiency. This study introduces a machine learning (ML)-based autoverification technology to enhance tumor marker test error detection."
2981,brain tumour,39172519,Hypoxia-induced complement component 3 promotes aggressive tumor growth in the glioblastoma microenvironment.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of glioma with a high rate of relapse despite intensive treatment. Tumor recurrence is tightly linked to radio-resistance, which in turn is associated with hypoxia. Here, we discovered a strong link between hypoxia and local complement signaling using publicly available bulk, single-cell, and spatially resolved transcriptomic data from patients with GBM. Complement component 3 (C3) and the receptor C3AR1 were both associated with aggressive disease and shorter survival in human glioma. In a genetically engineered mouse model of GBM, we found C3 specifically in hypoxic tumor areas. In vitro, we found an oxygen level-dependent increase in C3 and C3AR1 expression in response to hypoxia in several GBM and stromal cell types. C3a induced M2 polarization of cultured microglia and macrophages in a C3aR-dependent fashion. Targeting C3aR using the antagonist SB290157 prolonged survival of glioma-bearing mice both alone and in combination with radiotherapy while reducing the number of M2-polarized macrophages. Our findings establish a strong link between hypoxia and complement pathways in GBM and support a role of hypoxia-induced C3a/C3aR signaling as a contributor to glioma aggressiveness by regulating macrophage polarization."
2982,brain tumour,39172230,The effects of dabrafenib and/or trametinib treatment in Braf V600-mutant glioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dabrafenib and/or trametinib therapy in BRAF v600-mutant glioma treatment. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched from inception to Sep 2023. Inclusion criteria were designed based on the PICO principle to select relevant articles. Search keywords included 'dabrafenib', 'trametinib', 'glioma' and other related keywords. Outcomes included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), adverse events (AEs), and death events. Methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) was used to assess the methodological quality. Stata 14.0 was selected to perform the Cochrane Q and I"
2983,brain tumour,39171954,Systemic Multifunctional Nanovaccines for Potent Personalized Immunotherapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia.,"Hematological malignancies (HM) like acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are often intractable. Cancer vaccines possibly inducing robust and broad anti-tumor immune responses may be a promising treatment option for HM. Few effective vaccines against blood cancers are, however, developed to date partly owing to insufficient stimulation of dendritic cells (DCs) in the body and lacking appropriate tumor antigens (Ags). Here it is found that systemic multifunctional nanovaccines consisting of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists - muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and CpG, and tumor cell lysate (TCL) as Ags (MCA-NV) induce potent and broad immunity against AML. MCA-NV show complementary stimulation of DCs and prime homing to lymphoid organs following systemic administration. Of note, in orthotopic AML mouse models, intravenous infusion of different vaccine formulations elicits substantially higher anti-AML efficacies than subcutaneous administration. Systemic MCA-NV cure 78% of AML mice and elicit long-term immune memory with 100% protection from rechallenging AML cells. Systemic MCA-NV can also serve as prophylactic vaccines against the same AML. These systemic nanovaccines utilizing patient TCL as Ags and dual adjuvants to elicit strong, durable, and broad immune responses can provide a personalized immunotherapeutic strategy against AML and other HM."
2984,brain tumour,39171920,Treatment Strategies and Long-Term Outcomes in Silent Corticotroph Adenomas: A Single-Center Retrospective Study of 367 Cases.,Silent corticotroph adenoma (SCA) is a high-risk pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) which exhibits more aggressive behavior than other nonfunctioning PitNETs. Some SCAs are observed to recur after total resection (TR). We aim to discuss the long-term outcomes after endoscopic endonasal surgery for SCAs and explore optimal treatment after operation.
2985,brain tumour,39171897,Near-Infrared Laser-Switching DNA Phase Separation Nanoinducer for Glioma Therapy.,"DNA phase separation participates in chromatin packing for the modulation of gene transcription, but the induction of DNA phase separation in living cells for disease treatment faces huge challenges. Herein, we construct a Ru(II)-polypyridyl-loaded upconversion nanoplatform (denoted as UCSNs-R) to achieve the manipulation of DNA phase separation and production of abundant singlet oxygen ("
2986,brain tumour,39171767,Distinct relapse pattern across molecular ependymoma types.,"Ependymoma (EPN) is not a uniform disease but represents different disease types with biological and clinical heterogeneity. However, the pattern of when and where different types of EPN relapse is not yet comprehensively described."
2987,brain tumour,39171683,Use of surface-modified porous silicon nanoparticles to deliver temozolomide with enhanced pharmacokinetic and therapeutic efficacy for intracranial glioblastoma in mice.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most common and fatal primary brain tumors, with a 5-year survival rate of 7.2%. The standard treatment for GBM involves surgical resection followed by chemoradiotherapy, and temozolomide (TMZ) is currently the only approved chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of GBM. However, hydrolytic instability and insufficient drug accumulation are major challenges that limit the effectiveness of TMZ chemotherapy. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a drug delivery platform utilizing porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) to improve the stability and blood-brain barrier penetration of TMZ. The pSiNPs are synthesized "
2988,brain tumour,39171675,Protein corona alleviates adverse biological effects of nanoplastics in breast cancer cells.,"Pollution from micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) has long been a topic of concern due to its potential impact on human health. MNPs can circulate through human blood and, thus far, have been found in the lungs, spleen, stomach, liver, kidneys and even in the brain, placenta, and breast milk. While data are already available on the adverse biological effects of pristine MNPs ("
2989,brain tumour,39171067,Atypical Cutaneous Presentation and Diagnostic Challenges in Advanced Metastatic Testicular Cancer.,"A 29-year-old male presented with acute left-sided weakness in both the upper extremity (UE) and lower extremity (LE), an atypical symptom for testicular cancer but not uncommon for brain metastasis. Testicular cancer usually manifests as a testicular mass or discomfort. His medical history included a previously resected testicular mass, with pathology results unknown due to the patient being lost to follow-up. Upon examination, he exhibited significant neurological deficits and multiple subcutaneous nodules. Imaging revealed multiple enhancing brain lesions and widespread metastases to the lungs and other regions. Laboratory tests showed elevated alpha-fetoprotein and lactate dehydrogenase levels, supporting a diagnosis of advanced non-seminomatous germ cell tumor. He received multidisciplinary treatment, including dexamethasone, levetiracetam, and chemotherapy. The patient responded well to the treatment, showing significant improvement in neurological function and stabilization of his condition. This case underscores the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of metastatic testicular cancer, particularly with rare presentations such as cutaneous involvement, and highlights the importance of comprehensive diagnostic evaluations and multidisciplinary care."
2990,brain tumour,39170745,Pan-cancer analysis and single-cell analysis reveals FAM110B as a potential target for survival and immunotherapy.,
2991,brain tumour,39170140,Glycolysis and chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia.,"While traditional high-dose chemotherapy can effectively prolong the overall survival of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and contribute to better prognostic outcomes, the advent of chemoresistance is a persistent challenge to effective AML management in the clinic. The therapeutic resistance is thought to emerge owing to the heterogeneous and adaptable nature of tumor cells when exposed to exogenous stimuli. Recent studies have focused on exploring metabolic changes that may afford novel opportunities to treat AML, with a particular focus on glycolytic metabolism. The Warburg effect, a hallmark of cancer, refers to metabolism of glucose through glycolysis under normoxic conditions, which contributes to the development of chemoresistance. Despite the key significance of this metabolic process in the context of malignant transformation, the underlying molecular mechanisms linking glycolysis to chemoresistance in AML remain incompletely understood. This review offers an overview of the current status of research focused on the relationship between glycolytic metabolism and AML resistance to chemotherapy, with a particular focus on the contributions of glucose transporters, key glycolytic enzymes, signaling pathways, non-coding RNAs, and the tumor microenvironment to this relationship. Together, this article will provide a foundation for the selection of novel therapeutic targets and the formulation of new approaches to treating AML."
2992,brain tumour,39170028,[Establishment of an Engineered Bacterial Membrane Biomimetic Nanodrug Delivery System and Its Role in the Treatment of Glioma].,"To develop engineered bacterial membrane biomimetic nanoparticles, Angiopep-2 "
2993,brain tumour,39169886,Oncogenic roles of long non-coding RNAs in essential glioblastoma signaling pathways.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive and diffuse type of glioma with the lowest survival rate in patients. The recent failure of multiple treatments suggests that targeting several targets at once may be a different strategy to overcome GBM carcinogenesis. Normal function of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes need for the preservation of regular cellular processes, so any defects in these genes' activity, operate the corresponding signaling pathways, which initiate carcinogenic processes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that can be found in the cytoplasm or nucleus of the cells, control the transcription and translation of genes. LncRNAs perform a variety of functions, including epigenetic alteration, protein modification and stability, transcriptional regulation, and competition for miRNA that regulate mRNA translation through sponging miRNAs. Identification of various oncogenic lncRNAs and their multiple roles in brain cancers making them potential candidates for use as glioma diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets in the future. This study highlighted multiple oncogenic lncRNAs and classified them into different signaling pathways based on the regulated target genes in glioblastoma."
2994,brain tumour,39169605,Altered gyrification in chemotherapy-treated older long-term breast cancer survivors.,The purpose of this prospective longitudinal study was to evaluate the changes in brain surface gyrification in older long-term breast cancer survivors 5-15 years after chemotherapy treatment.
2995,brain tumour,39169587,Disseminated ependymal dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor: a case report and literature review.,Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET) is a benign mixed neuronal-glial neoplasm (WHO grade 1). DNET is most often localized in temporal lobes and found in children and young people with epilepsy. There a few cases of DNET in ventricular system with dissemination along the ependyma in the world literature.
2996,brain tumour,39169580,Our approach to the treatment of vestibular schwannomas with arachnoid dissection of the facial nerve.,Preserving the function of the facial nerve is extremely important in surgery for vestibular schwannomas. Two methods of arachnoid dissection are described for resection of vestibular schwannoma via retrosigmoid approach (from the brain stem and internal auditory canal).
2997,brain tumour,39169577,Comparative analysis of combined treatment methods for patients with single brain lesions.,Primary brain metastases are common in oncology. Preoperative stereotactic radiosurgery followed by surgical resection is a perspective approach.
2998,brain tumour,39169419,Cerebellar abscess secondary to metastatic lung adenocarcinoma: a case report.,"Cerebellar abscesses are rare, life-threatening infections often originating from bacterial sources, while metastatic brain lesions from lung adenocarcinoma are relatively common. However, the coexistence of a cerebellar abscess secondary to metastatic lung adenocarcinoma is exceedingly rare and presents unique diagnostic and management challenges."
2999,brain tumour,39169376,Integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation reveal the relationship between ALOX5AP and the prognosis and immune microenvironment in glioma.,"Treatment of gliomas, the most prevalent primary malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system, is challenging. Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (ALOX5AP) is crucial for converting arachidonic acid into leukotrienes and is associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancers. Nevertheless, its relationship with the prognosis and the immune microenvironment of gliomas remains incompletely understood."
3000,brain tumour,39169327,Performance status improvement and advances in systemic treatment after brain metastases resection: a retrospective single-center cohort study of non-small cell lung cancer patients.,"Brain metastasis (BrM) is prevalent among patients with NSCLC, and surgical resection of BrM constitutes a promising treatment strategy for local management and histopathological diagnosis, although it is offered for a select group of patients. Limited information exists concerning the improvement in performance status (PS) following BrM resection or the outcomes stratified by subsequent systemic therapy."
3001,brain tumour,39169320,The contribution of tumor necrosis factor to multiple sclerosis: a possible role in progression independent of relapse?,"Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine regulating many physiological and pathological immune-mediated processes. Specifically, it has been recognized as an essential pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis and progression. MS is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system, characterized by multifocal acute and chronic inflammatory demyelination in white and grey matter, along with neuroaxonal loss. A recent concept in the field of MS research is disability resulting from Progression Independent of Relapse Activity (PIRA). PIRA recognizes that disability accumulation since the early phase of the disease can occur independently of relapse activity overcoming the traditional dualistic view of MS as either a relapsing-inflammatory or a progressive-neurodegenerative disease. Several studies have demonstrated an upregulation in TNF expression in both acute and chronic active MS brain lesions. Additionally, elevated TNF levels have been observed in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients. TNF appears to play a significant role in maintaining chronic intrathecal inflammation, promoting axonal damage neurodegeneration, and consequently contributing to disease progression and disability accumulation. In summary, this review highlights the current understanding of TNF and its receptors in MS progression, specifically focusing on the relatively unexplored PIRA condition. Further research in this area holds promise for potential therapeutic interventions targeting TNF to mitigate disability in MS patients."
3002,brain tumour,39169299,Association between gynecologic cancer and Alzheimer's disease: a bidirectional mendelian randomization study.,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifests with a higher rate of occurrence in women. Previous epidemiological studies have suggested a potential association between AD and gynecological cancers, but the causal relationship between them remains unclear. This study aims to explore the causal link between 12 types of gynecological cancers and AD using a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach."
3003,brain tumour,39169222,Proteomic insights into breast cancer response to brain cell-secreted factors.,"The most devastating feature of cancer cells is their ability to metastasize to distant sites in the body. HER2 + and TN breast cancers frequently metastasize to the brain and stay potentially dormant for years until favorable conditions support their proliferation. The sheltered and delicate nature of the brain prevents, however, early disease detection and effective delivery of therapeutic drugs. Moreover, the challenges associated with the acquisition of brain biopsies add compounding difficulties to exploring the mechanistic aspects of tumor development. To provide insights into the determinants of cancer cell behavior at the brain metastatic site, this study was aimed at exploring the early response of HER2 + breast cancer cells (SKBR3) to factors present in the brain perivascular niche. The neural microenvironment was simulated by using the secretome of a set of brain cells that come first in contact with the cancer cells upon crossing the blood brain barrier, i.e., endothelial cells, astrocytes, and microglia. Cytokine microarrays were used to investigate the secretome mediators of intercellular communication, and proteomic technologies for assessing the changes in the behavior of cancer cells upon exposure to the brain cell-secreted factors. The cytokines detected in the brain secretomes were supportive of inflammatory conditions, while the SKBR3 cells secreted numerous cancer-promoting growth factors that were either absent or present in lower abundance in the brain cell cultures, indicating that upon exposure the SKBR3 cells may have been deprived of favorable conditions for optimal growth. Altogether, the results suggest that the exposure of SKBR3 cells to the brain cell-secreted factors altered their growth potential and drove them toward a state of quiescence, with broader overall outcomes that affected cellular metabolism, adhesion and immune response processes. The findings of this study underscore the key role played by the neural niche in shaping the behavior of metastasized cancer cells, provide insights into the cellular cross-talk that may lead cancer cells into dormancy, and highlight novel opportunities for the development of metastatic breast cancer therapeutic strategies."
3004,brain tumour,39169220,Molecular classification to refine surgical and radiotherapeutic decision-making in meningioma.,"Treatment of the tumor and dural margin with surgery and sometimes radiation are cornerstones of therapy for meningioma. Molecular classifications have provided insights into the biology of disease; however, response to treatment remains heterogeneous. In this study, we used retrospective data on 2,824 meningiomas, including molecular data on 1,686 tumors and 100 prospective meningiomas, from the RTOG-0539 phase 2 trial to define molecular biomarkers of treatment response. Using propensity score matching, we found that gross tumor resection was associated with longer progression-free survival (PFS) across all molecular groups and longer overall survival in proliferative meningiomas. Dural margin treatment (Simpson grade 1/2) prolonged PFS compared to no treatment (Simpson grade 3). Molecular group classification predicted response to radiotherapy, including in the RTOG-0539 cohort. We subsequently developed a molecular model to predict response to radiotherapy that discriminates outcome better than standard-of-care classification. This study highlights the potential for molecular profiling to refine surgical and radiotherapy decision-making."
3005,brain tumour,39168945,The role of postoperative blood pressure management in early postoperative hemorrhage in awake craniotomy glioma patients.,"Postoperative hemorrhage can severely affect the patients' neurological outcome after awake craniotomy. Higher postoperative blood pressure can increase the risk of postoperative hemorrhage. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of postoperative blood pressure and other common radiological and epidemiological features with the incidence of postoperative hemorrhage. In this retrospective analysis, we included patients who underwent awake surgery at our institution. We assessed the blood pressure both intra- and postoperatively as well as the heart rate for the first 12 h. We compared a cohort with postoperative hemorrhage, who required further treatment (surgical revision or intravenous antihypertensive therapy), with a cohort with no postoperative hemorrhage. We included 48 patients with a median age of 39 years. 9 patients (19%) required further treatment due to postoperative hemorrhage, which was surgery in 2 cases and intensive blood pressure measurements in 7 cases. However, with early treatment, no significant difference in Performance scores at follow-up could be found. Patients with postoperative hemorrhage showed significantly higher postoperative systolic blood pressure during the hours 3-12 (p < 0.05) as well as intraoperatively throughout the procedure (p < 0.05). In ROC and Youden Test, a strong impact of systolic blood pressure over 140mmHg during the early postoperative course could be shown. Postoperative hemorrhage is a rare but possible complication in awake surgery glioma patients. To avoid postoperative hemorrhage, treating physicians should aim strictly on systolic blood pressure of under 140mmHg for the postoperative course."
3006,brain tumour,39168873,"To editor: ""Route patterns of the collateral venous pathway in patients with tumors invading the superior sagittal sinus: an angiographic study and clinical applications"".",No abstract found
3007,brain tumour,39168850,Inhibitory effects of Gracilaria edulis and Gracilaria salicornia against the MGMT and VEGFA biomarkers involved in the onset and advancement of glioblastoma using in silico and in vitro approaches.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive primary brain tumor originating from glial cells, poses significant treatment challenges due to its rapid growth and invasiveness. The exact mechanisms of GBM's brain damage remain unclear. This study examines primary molecular markers commonly assessed in GBM patients, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA), O"
3008,brain tumour,39168644,Physical symptoms in prolonged grief disorder: a case report.,"Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) was added as a new disorder to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) in 2022. PGD is defined as an intense yearning or longing for the deceased and preoccupation with thoughts or memories of the deceased. The official diagnostic criteria for PGD do not include physical symptoms, but it is sometimes associated with somatic symptoms."
3009,brain tumour,39168639,"CC2D1A causes ciliopathy, intellectual disability, heterotaxy, renal dysplasia, and abnormal CSF flow.","Intellectual and developmental disabilities result from abnormal nervous system development. Over a 1,000 genes have been associated with intellectual and developmental disabilities, driving continued efforts toward dissecting variant functionality to enhance our understanding of the disease mechanism. This report identified two novel variants in "
3010,brain tumour,39168612,IASLC grading system predicts distant metastases for resected lung adenocarcinoma.,"The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) has proposed a new histological grading system for invasive lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the efficacy of this grading system in predicting distant metastases in patients with LUAD remains unexplored. This study aims to assess the potential of the IASLC grading system in predicting the occurrence of brain and bone metastases in patients with resectable LUAD, thereby identifying individuals at high risk of post-surgery distant metastasis."
3011,brain tumour,39168581,Coffee and Alzheimer's disease.,"Coffee, a universally consumed beverage, is known to contain thousands of bioactive constituents that have garnered interest due to their potential neuroprotective effects against various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Extensive research has been conducted on coffee constituents such as Caffeine, Trigonelline, Chlorogenic acid, and Caffeic acid, focusing on their neuroprotective properties. These compounds have potential to impact key mechanisms in AD development, including amyloidopathy, tauopathy, and neuroinflammation. Furthermore, apart from its neuroprotective effects, coffee consumption has been associated with anticancerogenic and anti-inflammatory effects, thereby enhancing its therapeutic potential. Studies suggest that moderate coffee intake, typically around two to three cups daily, could potentially contribute to mitigating AD progression and lowering the risk of related neurological disorders. This literature underscores the potential neuroprotective properties of coffee compounds, which usually perform their neuronal protective effects via modulating nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2), interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and many other molecules."
3012,brain tumour,39168403,Role of long noncoding RNAs in the regulation of alternative splicing in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly severe primary brain tumor. Despite extensive research, effective treatments remain elusive. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a significant role in both cancer and normal biology. They influence alternative splicing (AS), which is crucial in cancer. Advances in lncRNA-specific microarrays and next-generation sequencing have enhanced understanding of AS. Abnormal AS contributes to cancer invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, therapeutic resistance, and tumor development, including glioma. lncRNA-mediated AS affects several cellular signaling pathways, promoting or suppressing cancer malignancy. This review discusses the lncRNAs regulating AS in glioblastoma and their mechanisms."
3013,brain tumour,39168365,Medulloblastomas Initiated by Homologous Recombination Defects in Mice.,"Germline mutations of homologous-recombination (HR) genes are among the top contributors to medulloblastomas. A significant portion of human medulloblastomas exhibit genomic signatures of HR defects. Whether ablation of Brca2 and Palb2, and their related Brca1 and Bccip genes, in the mouse brain can differentially initiate medulloblastomas was explored here. Conditional knockout mouse models of these HR genes and a conditional knockdown of Bccip (shBccip-KD) were established. Deletion of any of these genes led to microcephaly and neurologic defects, with Brca1"
3014,brain tumour,39168266,Tannic acid protects neuroblastoma cells against hydrogen peroxide - triggered oxidative stress by suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis.,"Recent investigations indicate that tannic acid is associated with a decrease in oxidative damage. Growing evidence supports the protective effects of tannic acid on the central nervous system (CNS). However, uncertainties persist regarding its influence on hydrogen peroxide (H"
3015,brain tumour,39168260,Atmospheric pressure plasma preconditioning reduces oxygen and glucose deprivation induced human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells apoptosis by activating protective autophagy and ROS/AMPK/mTOR pathway.,"Reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) exert a ""double edged"" effect on the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke. We previously indicate that atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) shows a neuroprotective effect in vitro based on the ROS/RNS generations. However, the mechanism is still unknown. In this work, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) injuries for stimulating the ischemic stroke pathological injury process. A helium APP was used for SH-SY5Y cell treatment for evaluating the neuroprotective impacts of APP preconditioning against OGD injuries with the optimized parameters. During the preconditioning, APP significantly raised the extracellular and intracellular ROS/RNS production. As a result, APP preconditioning increased SH-SY5Y cell autophagy by elevating LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and autophagosome formation. Meanwhile, APP preconditioning reduced cell apoptosis caused by OGD with the increased APP treatment time, which was abolished by pretreatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). The ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) alone or combined with NO scavenger carboxy-PTIO abolished the APP preconditioning induced SH-SY5Y autophagy and the cytoprotection, whereas the NO scavenger alone did not. In addition, we observed the elevated phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and decreased phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in APP treated SH-SY5Y cells. This effect was attenuated by AMPK inhibitor Compound C (CC), the ROS scavenger NAC and autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. Furthermore, the cytoprotective effect of APP was preliminarily confirmed in the rats of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Results showed that APP inhalation by rats during MCAO process could improve neurological functions, reduce cell apoptosis in brain tissues and decrease cerebral infarct volume. Our data suggested that ROS produced by APP preconditioning played a vital role in the neuroprotective effect of SH-SY5Y cells against OGD injuries by activating autophagy and ROS/AMPK/mTOR pathway."
3016,brain tumour,39168120,Deleterious ZNRF3 germline variants cause neurodevelopmental disorders with mirror brain phenotypes via domain-specific effects on Wnt/β-catenin signaling.,"Zinc and RING finger 3 (ZNRF3) is a negative-feedback regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which plays an important role in human brain development. Although somatically frequently mutated in cancer, germline variants in ZNRF3 have not been established as causative for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). We identified 12 individuals with ZNRF3 variants and various phenotypes via GeneMatcher/Decipher and evaluated genotype-phenotype correlation. We performed structural modeling and representative deleterious and control variants were assessed using in vitro transcriptional reporter assays with and without Wnt-ligand Wnt3a and/or Wnt-potentiator R-spondin (RSPO). Eight individuals harbored de novo missense variants and presented with NDD. We found missense variants associated with macrocephalic NDD to cluster in the RING ligase domain. Structural modeling predicted disruption of the ubiquitin ligase function likely compromising Wnt receptor turnover. Accordingly, the functional assays showed enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling for these variants in a dominant negative manner. Contrarily, an individual with microcephalic NDD harbored a missense variant in the RSPO-binding domain predicted to disrupt binding affinity to RSPO and showed attenuated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the same assays. Additionally, four individuals harbored de novo truncating or de novo or inherited large in-frame deletion variants with non-NDD phenotypes, including heart, adrenal, or nephrotic problems. In contrast to NDD-associated missense variants, the effects on Wnt/β-catenin signaling were comparable between the truncating variant and the empty vector and between benign variants and the wild type. In summary, we provide evidence for mirror brain size phenotypes caused by distinct pathomechanisms in Wnt/β-catenin signaling through protein domain-specific deleterious ZNRF3 germline missense variants."
3017,brain tumour,39168100,The complex molecular epileptogenesis landscape of glioblastoma.,"The cortical microenvironment surrounding malignant glioblastoma is a source of depolarizing crosstalk favoring hyperexcitability, tumor expansion, and immune evasion. Neosynaptogenesis, excess glutamate, and altered intrinsic membrane currents contribute to excitability dyshomeostasis, yet only half of the cases develop seizures, suggesting that tumor and host genomics, along with location, rather than mass effect, play a critical role. We analyzed the spatial contours and expression of 358 clinically validated human epilepsy genes in the human glioblastoma transcriptome compared to non-tumor adult and developing cortex datasets. Nearly half, including dosage-sensitive genes whose expression levels are securely linked to monogenic epilepsy, are strikingly enriched and aberrantly regulated at the leading edge, supporting a complex epistatic basis for peritumoral epileptogenesis. Surround hyperexcitability induced by complex patterns of proepileptic gene expression may explain the limited efficacy of narrowly targeted antiseizure medicines and the persistence of epilepsy following tumor resection and clarify why not all brain tumors provoke seizures."
3018,brain tumour,39168091,Accurate identification of genes associated with brain disorders by integrating heterogeneous genomic data into a Bayesian framework.,"Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed many brain disorder-associated SNPs residing in the noncoding genome, rendering it a challenge to decipher the underlying pathogenic mechanisms."
3019,brain tumour,39168062,Surgical outcome of sinodural meningiomas.,"Meningiomas located in the posterior fossa and involving the sinodural angle at the junction of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses are uncommon and present unique challenges due to their complex anatomical location. Despite their distinctive features, they are frequently categorized with tentorial meningiomas in the literature."
3020,brain tumour,39168061,"Letter to the Editor: Comment on ""Predicting survival after brain metastases in patients with bladder cancer"".",No abstract found
3021,brain tumour,39168000,Real-life nationwide characteristics and outcomes of small cell lung cancer over the last 20 years: Impact of immunotherapy on overall survival in a real-life setting.,"The KBP studies are real-life nationwide, prospective, multicenter cohort studies of patients diagnosed with primary lung cancer that have been conducted in French non-academic public hospitals each decade since 2000."
3022,brain tumour,39167751,Teaching NeuroImage: Hydrocephalus and Ischemic Stroke in an Infant With a Glioneuronal Tumor.,No abstract found
3023,brain tumour,39167629,Deciphering the role of CD47 in cancer immunotherapy.,"Immunotherapy has emerged as a novel strategy for cancer treatment following surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint blockade and Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies have been successful in clinical trials. Cancer cells evade immune surveillance by hijacking inhibitory pathways via overexpression of checkpoint genes. The Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47) has emerged as a crucial checkpoint for cancer immunotherapy by working as a ""don't eat me"" signal and suppressing innate immune signaling. Furthermore, CD47 is highly expressed in many cancer types to protect cancer cells from phagocytosis via binding to SIRPα on phagocytes. Targeting CD47 by either interrupting the CD47-SIRPα axis or combing with other therapies has been demonstrated as an encouraging therapeutic strategy in cancer immunotherapy. Antibodies and small molecules that target CD47 have been explored in pre- and clinical trials. However, formidable challenges such as the anemia and palate aggregation cannot be avoided because of the wide presentation of CD47 on erythrocytes."
3024,brain tumour,39167243,Dendritic cell vaccine for glioblastoma: an updated meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.,Dendritic cell (DC) vaccine is an emerging immunotherapy that could potentially improve glioblastoma survival. The first phase III clinical trial of DC vaccine was recently published. This meta-analysis aims to update and reappraise existing evidence on the efficacy of DC vaccine in patients with glioblastoma.
3025,brain tumour,39167233,An attempt to identify brain tumour tissue in neurosurgery by mechanical indentation measurements.,"The intraoperative differentiation between tumour tissue, healthy brain tissue, and any sensitive structure of the central nervous system is carried out in modern neurosurgery using various multimodal technologies such as neuronavigation, fluorescent dyes, intraoperative ultrasound or the use of intraoperative MRI, but also the haptic experience of the neurosurgeon. Supporting the surgeon by developing instruments with integrated haptics could provide a further objective dimension in the intraoperative recognition of healthy and diseased tissue."
3026,brain tumour,39167226,MR-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy in the treatment of brain tumors and epilepsy.,"MR-guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (MRgLITT) is a minimally invasive neurosurgical technique increasingly used for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy and brain tumors. Utilizing near-infrared light energy delivery guided by real-time MRI thermometry, MRgLITT enables precise ablation of targeted brain tissues, resulting in limited corridor-related morbidity and expedited postoperative recovery. Since receiving CE marking in 2018, the adoption of MRgLITT has expanded to more than 40 neurosurgical centers across Europe. In epilepsy treatment, MRgLITT can be applied to various types of focal lesional epilepsy, including mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, hypothalamic hamartoma, focal cortical dysplasias, periventricular heterotopias, cavernous malformations, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNET), low-grade gliomas, tuberous sclerosis, and in disconnective surgeries. In neuro-oncology, MRgLITT is used for treating newly diagnosed and recurrent primary brain tumors, brain metastases, and radiation necrosis. This comprehensive review presents an overview of the current evidence and technical considerations for the use of MRgLITT in treating various pathologies associated with drug-resistant epilepsy and brain tumors."
3027,brain tumour,39167224,"Living with glioblastoma - the need for integrated support based on experiences of chaos, loss of autonomy, and isolation in both patients and their relatives.","The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of living with glioblastoma from the perspective of patients themselves as well as their closest relatives, focusing on the changes in the life situation and the need for support."
3028,brain tumour,39167199,Moyamoya syndrome after proton beam therapy in a pediatric patient with a pineal germ cell tumor and a germline polymorphism in RNF213.,"The effects of RNF213, which leads to moyamoya disease susceptibility, on radiation-induced moyamoya syndrome (MMS) remain unknown. We report a case of MMS after proton beam therapy (PBT) was deployed to treat a brain tumor in a patient with an RNF213 polymorphism. An 8-year-old boy underwent whole ventricular and local PBT for a pineal germ cell tumor and was diagnosed with radiation-induced MMS 9 months later. He underwent right and left revascularization surgeries for cerebral hemodynamic compromise at 17- and 18-years of age, respectively. Genetic analysis revealed a heterozygous germline polymorphism RNF213 p.R4810K. This is the first report to suggest an association between RNF213 polymorphism and radiation-induced MMS."
3029,brain tumour,39167187,FGFR1 wild-type rosette-forming glioneuronal tumours.,No abstract found
3030,brain tumour,39167092,Development of a Novel Peptide-Based PET Tracer [,"B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has emerged as a promising tumor marker for the diagnosis and treatment of multiple myeloma. The noninvasive and rapid detection of BCMA expression in vivo provides significant value in screening and evaluating multiple myeloma patients receiving BCMA-targeted therapy. We identified the BCMA-targeting peptide BP1 from a one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) peptide library using a high-throughput microarray strategy. The BCMA-targeting specificity and affinity of BP1 were assessed by surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi), flow cytometry, and confocal imaging. BCMA-positive (H929) and BCMA-negative (K562) subcutaneous tumor models were established and labeled with "
3031,brain tumour,39167002,A woman in her thirties with confusion.,Coercion is rare in cancer treatment. We present a case where a young woman received gamma knife radiosurgery and immunochemotherapy under compulsory institutional care.
3032,brain tumour,39166971,nnU-Net-based Segmentation of Tumor Subcompartments in Pediatric Medulloblastoma Using Multiparametric MRI: A Multi-institutional Study.,"Purpose To evaluate nnU-Net-based segmentation models for automated delineation of medulloblastoma tumors on multi-institutional MRI scans. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 78 pediatric patients (52 male, 26 female), with ages ranging from 2 to 18 years, with medulloblastomas, from three different sites (28 from hospital A, 18 from hospital B, and 32 from hospital C), who had data available from three clinical MRI protocols (gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery). The scans were retrospectively collected from the year 2000 until May 2019. Reference standard annotations of the tumor habitat, including enhancing tumor, edema, and cystic core plus nonenhancing tumor subcompartments, were performed by two experienced neuroradiologists. Preprocessing included registration to age-appropriate atlases, skull stripping, bias correction, and intensity matching. The two models were trained as follows: "
3033,brain tumour,39166970,Deep Learning Segmentation of Infiltrative and Enhancing Cellular Tumor at Pre- and Posttreatment Multishell Diffusion MRI of Glioblastoma.,"Purpose To develop and validate a deep learning (DL) method to detect and segment enhancing and nonenhancing cellular tumor on pre- and posttreatment MRI scans in patients with glioblastoma and to predict overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 1397 MRI scans in 1297 patients with glioblastoma, including an internal set of 243 MRI scans (January 2010 to June 2022) for model training and cross-validation and four external test cohorts. Cellular tumor maps were segmented by two radiologists on the basis of imaging, clinical history, and pathologic findings. Multimodal MRI data with perfusion and multishell diffusion imaging were inputted into a nnU-Net DL model to segment cellular tumor. Segmentation performance (Dice score) and performance in distinguishing recurrent tumor from posttreatment changes (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]) were quantified. Model performance in predicting OS and PFS was assessed using Cox multivariable analysis. Results A cohort of 178 patients (mean age, 56 years ± 13 [SD]; 116 male, 62 female) with 243 MRI timepoints, as well as four external datasets with 55, 70, 610, and 419 MRI timepoints, respectively, were evaluated. The median Dice score was 0.79 (IQR, 0.53-0.89), and the AUC for detecting residual or recurrent tumor was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.89). In the internal test set, estimated cellular tumor volume was significantly associated with OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.04 per milliliter; "
3034,brain tumour,39166928,[Indicators of cognitive impairment of varying severity in the acute period of ischemic stroke].,To assess phenotype and identify biomarkers of cognitive impairment (CI) of varying severity in patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke (IS) based on the analysis of clinical and paraclinical indicators.
3035,brain tumour,39166861,CMTM5 influences Hippo/YAP axis to promote ferroptosis in glioma through regulating WWP2-mediated LATS2 ubiquitination.,"Glioma, a common malignancy, is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Promoting ferroptosis can delay tumor progression. Here, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of ferroptosis in glioma. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted using glioma cells and nude mice. The expression of genes and proteins was evaluated by RT-qPCR, Western blot assay, and immunohistochemical staining. Malignant activities of glioma cells were evaluated using MTT, EdU, and Transwell assays. The levels of Fe"
3036,brain tumour,39166828,A Neural Network-Based Scoring System for Predicting Prognosis and Therapy in Breast Cancer.,"Breast cancer is a prevalent malignancy affecting women worldwide. Currently, there are no precise molecular biomarkers with immense potential for accurately predicting breast cancer development, which limits clinical management options. Recent evidence has highlighted the importance of metastatic and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in modulating the antitumor therapy response. However, the prognostic value of using these features in combination, and their potential for guiding individualized treatment for breast cancer, remains vague. To address this challenge, we recently developed the metastatic and immunogenomic risk score (MIRS), a comprehensive and user-friendly scoring system that leverages advanced bioinformatics methods to facilitate transcriptomics data analysis. To help users become familiar with the MIRS tool and apply it effectively in analyzing new breast cancer datasets, we describe detailed protocols that require no advanced programming skills. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Calculating a MIRS score from transcriptomics data Basic Protocol 2: Predicting clinical outcomes from MIRS scores Basic Protocol 3: Evaluating treatment responses and guiding therapeutic strategies in breast cancer patients Basic Protocol 4: Guidelines for utilizing the MIRS webtool."
3037,brain tumour,39166417,Ginsenoside Rg1 protects the blood-brain barrier and myelin sheath to prevent postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged mice.,"In this study, the postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) mouse model was established to observe the changes in inflammation, blood-brain barrier permeability, and myelin sheath, and we explore the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 pretreatment on improving POCD syndrome. The POCD model of 15- to 18-month-old mice was carried out with internal fixation of tibial fractures under isoflurane anesthesia. Pretreatment was performed by continuous intraperitoneal injection of ginsenoside Rg1(40 mg/kg/day) for 14 days before surgery. The cognitive function was detected by the Morris water maze. The contents of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in the hippocampus, cortex, and serum were detected by ELISA. The permeability of blood-brain barrier was observed by Evans blue. The mRNA levels and protein expression levels of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), myelin basic protein (MBP), beta-catenin, and cyclin D1 in the hippocampus were analyzed by quantitative PCR and western blotting. The protein expression levels of ZO-1 and Wnt1 in the hippocampus were analyzed by western blotting. Finally, the localizations of CNPase and MBP in the hippocampus were detected by immunofluorescence. Ginsenoside Rg1 can prevent POCD, peripheral and central inflammation, and blood-brain barrier leakage, and reverse the downregulation of ZO-1, CNPase, MBP, and Wnt pathway-related molecules in aged mice. Preclinical studies suggest that ginsenoside Rg1 improves postoperative cognitive function in aged mice by protecting the blood-brain barrier and myelin sheath, and its specific mechanism may be related to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway."
3038,brain tumour,39166256,Velcrin molecular glues induce apoptosis in glioblastomas with high ,"Velcrins are molecular glues that kill cells by inducing the formation of a protein complex between the RNase SLFN12 and the phosphodiesterase PDE3A. Formation of the complex activates SLFN12, which cleaves tRNA"
3039,brain tumour,39165934,Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of ACSS3 as a biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapy response.,ACSS3 (acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 3) is found in numerous tissues and is linked to tumor cell type development and metastasis.
3040,brain tumour,39165915,Revealing the link between gut microbiota and brain tumor risk: a new perspective from Mendelian randomization.,"Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota may be related to the occurrence of brain tumors, but direct evidence is lacking. This study used the Mendelian randomization study (MR) method to explore the potential causal link between gut microbiota and brain tumors."
3041,brain tumour,39165603,Brazilian pediatric patients with gliomas: treatment characteristics and survival outcomes.,"The current study aimed to determine the overall survival (OS) rates of patients diagnosed with pediatric gliomas in Brazil, accounting for the influence of age, treatment modalities, and tumor site, using a population-based national database."
3042,brain tumour,39165600,Adjuvant radiotherapy after brain metastasectomy: analysis of consecutive cohort of 118 patients from real world practice.,The aim of this retrospective study is to analyze a consecutive cohort of brain metastasis (BM) patients treated off clinical trials through combination of surgery and radiotherapy over the last 15 years in a tertiary neurooncology center.
3043,brain tumour,39165216,Traumatic brain injury-induced peripheral damage: The dynamics of the inflammatory and autophagy pathway from acute to chronic stages.,"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major causes of death and disability worldwide, and brings a huge burden on the quality of life of patients with TBI and the country's healthcare system. Peripheral organs, especially the kidney, and liver, may be affected by the onset of molecular responses following brain tissue damage. While secondary injury responses post TBI has been well studied in the brain, the effect/consequences of these responses in the peripheral organs have not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, our study aimed to investigate the immunoreactivity of these responses, particularly via proinflammatory cytokines and autophagy markers in the kidney and liver post-acute and chronic TBI."
3044,brain tumour,39165203,Inhibition of AIM2 expression enhance treatment effect of osimertinib in treatment of glioma.,"Glioma is one of the most commonly tumours which occurs in the central nervous system and accounts for nearly 80% of brain tumours, with a significantly high mortality and morbidity. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used as EGFR targeted therapy in various types of solid tumours; however, effective treatment for glioma is still limited. Osimertinib is an irreversible, oral third-generation TKI that targets the mutation at T790M, which causes cancer cells to acquire resistance to drugs. Osimertinib could be effective in the treatment of EGFR mutations with minimal effects on the activity of wild-type EGFR. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is highly expressed in glioma cells, promoting the maturation of pro-cancer cytokines and contributing to progression of glioma. However, the secretion of pro-cancer cytokines of tumour cells has been regarded as the resistance mechanism to EGFR-TKIs, including osimertinib. A high level of these cytokines also indicates a shorter progression-free survival (PFS). As AIM2 regulates the secretion of pro-cancer cytokines, we thought inhibition of AIM2 may contribute to the therapeutic effect of EGFR-TKIs."
3045,brain tumour,39165073,Photothermal Catalytic Reduction and Bone Tissue Engineering Towards a Three-in-One Therapy Strategy for Osteosarcoma.,"Osteosarcoma is one of the most dreadful bone neoplasms in young people, necessitating the development of innovative therapies that can effectively eliminate tumors while minimizing damage to limb function. An ideal therapeutic strategy should possess three essential capabilities: antitumor effects, tissue-protective properties, and the ability to enhance osteogenesis. In this study, self-assembled Ce-substituted molybdenum blue (CMB) nanowheel crystals are synthesized and loaded onto 3D-printed bioactive glass (CMB@BG) scaffolds to develop a unique three-in-one treatment approach for osteosarcoma. The CMB@BG scaffolds exhibit outstanding photothermally derived tumor ablation within the near-infrared-II window due to the surface plasmon resonance properties of the CMB nanowheel crystals. Furthermore, the photothermally synergistic catalytic effect of CMB promotes the rapid scavenging of reactive oxygen species caused by excessive heat, thereby suppressing inflammation and protecting surrounding tissues. The CMB@BG scaffolds possess pro-proliferation and pro-differentiation capabilities that efficiently accelerate bone regeneration within bone defects. Altogether, the CMB@BG scaffolds that combine highly efficient tumor ablation, tissue protection based on anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and enhanced osteogenic ability are likely to be a point-to-point solution for the comprehensive therapeutic needs of osteosarcoma."
3046,brain tumour,39164793,Urinary D-asparagine level is decreased by the presence of glioblastoma.,"Gliomas, particularly glioblastomas (GBMs), pose significant challenges due to their aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Early detection through biomarkers is critical for improving outcomes. This study aimed to identify novel biomarkers for gliomas, particularly GBMs, using chiral amino acid profiling. We used chiral amino acid analysis to measure amino acid L- and D-isomer levels in resected tissues (tumor and non-tumor), blood, and urine from 33 patients with primary gliomas and 24 healthy volunteers. The levels of D-amino acid oxidase (DAO), a D-amino acid-degrading enzyme, were evaluated to investigate the D-amino acid metabolism in brain tissue. The GBM mouse model was created by transplanting GBM cells into the brain to confirm whether gliomas affect blood and urine chiral amino acid profiles. We also assessed whether D-amino acids produced by GBM cells are involved in cell proliferation. D-asparagine (D-Asn) levels were higher and DAO expression was lower in glioma than in non-glioma tissues. Blood and urinary D-Asn levels were lower in patients with GBM than in healthy volunteers (p < 0.001), increasing after GBM removal (p < 0.05). Urinary D-Asn levels differentiated between healthy volunteers and patients with GBM (area under the curve: 0.93, sensitivity: 0.88, specificity: 0.92). GBM mouse model validated the decrease of urinary D-Asn in GBM. GBM cells used D-Asn for cell proliferation. Gliomas induce alterations in chiral amino acid profiles, affecting blood and urine levels. Urinary D-Asn emerges as a promising diagnostic biomarker for gliomas, reflecting tumor presence and severity."
3047,brain tumour,39164787,Intelligent medicine in focus: the 5 stages of evolution in robot-assisted surgery for prostate cancer in the past 20 years and future implications.,"Robot-assisted surgery has evolved into a crucial treatment for prostate cancer (PCa). However, from its appearance to today, brain-computer interface, virtual reality, and metaverse have revolutionized the field of robot-assisted surgery for PCa, presenting both opportunities and challenges. Especially in the context of contemporary big data and precision medicine, facing the heterogeneity of PCa and the complexity of clinical problems, it still needs to be continuously upgraded and improved. Keeping this in mind, this article summarized the 5 stages of the historical development of robot-assisted surgery for PCa, encompassing the stages of emergence, promotion, development, maturity, and intelligence. Initially, safety concerns were paramount, but subsequent research and engineering advancements have focused on enhancing device efficacy, surgical technology, and achieving precise multi modal treatment. The dominance of da Vinci robot-assisted surgical system has seen this evolution intimately tied to its successive versions. In the future, robot-assisted surgery for PCa will move towards intelligence, promising improved patient outcomes and personalized therapy, alongside formidable challenges. To guide future development, we propose 10 significant prospects spanning clinical, research, engineering, materials, social, and economic domains, envisioning a future era of artificial intelligence in the surgical treatment of PCa."
3048,brain tumour,39164779,Morphological MRI features as prognostic indicators in brain metastases.,"Stereotactic radiotherapy is the preferred treatment for managing patients with fewer than five brain metastases (BMs). However, some lesions recur after irradiation. The purpose of this study was to identify patients who are at a higher risk of failure, which can help in adjusting treatments and preventing recurrence."
3049,brain tumour,39164753,Stepwise-targeting and hypoxia-responsive liposome AMVY@NPs carrying siYAP and verteporfin for glioblastoma therapy.,"The Hippo pathway is a conserved tumour suppressor signalling pathway, and its dysregulation is often associated with abnormal cell growth and tumorigenesis. We previously revealed that the transcriptional coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP), the key effector of the Hippo pathway, is a molecular target for glioblastoma (GBM), the most common malignant brain tumour. Inhibiting YAP with small interfering RNA (siYAP) or the specific inhibitor verteporfin (VP) can diminish GBM growth to a certain degree."
3050,brain tumour,39164665,Improved diagnostic yield of peripheral pulmonary malignant lesions with emphysema using a combination of radial endobronchial ultrasonography and rapid on-site evaluation.,"This is a retrospective cohort study from a single center of Chest Medical District of Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China. It was aim to evaluate the diagnostic value of radial endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS) combination with rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) guided transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) for peripheral pulmonary lesions in patients with emphysema."
3051,brain tumour,39164657,Bio-inspired biorthogonal compartmental microparticles for tumor chemotherapy and photothermal therapy.,"Microcarrier is a promising drug delivery system demonstrating significant value in treating cancers. One of the main goals is to devise microcarriers with ingenious structures and functions to achieve better therapeutic efficacy in tumors. Here, inspired by the nucleus-cytoplasm structure of cells and the material exchange reaction between them, we develop a type of biorthogonal compartmental microparticles (BCMs) from microfluidics that can separately load and sequentially release cyclooctene-modified doxorubicin prodrug (TCO-DOX) and tetrazine-modified indocyanine green (Tz-ICG) for tumor therapy. The Tz-ICG works not only as an activator for TCO-DOX but also as a photothermal agent, allowing for the combination of bioorthogonal chemotherapy and photothermal therapy (PTT). Besides, the modification of DOX with cyclooctene significantly decreases the systemic toxicity of DOX. As a result, the developed BCMs demonstrate efficient in vitro tumor cell eradication and exhibit notable tumor growth inhibition with favorable safety. These findings illustrate that the formulated BCMs establish a platform for bioorthogonal prodrug activation and localized delivery, holding significant potential for cancer therapy and related applications."
3052,brain tumour,39164611,Joint estimation of compartment-specific T,This study aims to assess how T2 heterogeneity biases IMPULSED-derived metrics of tissue microstructure in solid tumors and evaluate the potential of estimating multi-compartmental T2 and microstructural parameters simultaneously.
3053,brain tumour,39164573,CD58 defines regulatory macrophages within the tumor microenvironment.,"CD58 has been implicated in immune suppression and is associated with stemness in various types of cancer. Nonetheless, efficient biomarkers for assessing cancer patient response to immunotherapy are lacking. The present work focused on assessing the immune predictive significance of CD58 for patients with glioma. The expression of CD58 correlates with the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with glioma, suggesting CD58"
3054,brain tumour,39164434,Interleukin 4 and cancer resistance in glioblastoma multiforme.,"In this review, the author highlights the role of IL4 in mitigating all the ""hallmarks"" of cancer growth and resistance to current immunotherapy, providing a framework for its role in GBM as well as guideline for future treatment regimens. This review is organized around six strategies by which IL4 contributes to the immune resistance seen in GBM: (i) apoptosis evasion, (ii) self-sufficiency in growth signals, (iii) insensitivity to anti-growth signals, (iv) invasion and metastasis, (v) limitless replicative potential, (vi) sustained angiogenesis."
3055,brain tumour,39164197,Ensemble learning-based pretreatment MRI radiomic model for distinguishing intracranial extraventricular ependymoma from glioblastoma multiforme.,"This study aims to develop an ensemble learning (EL) method based on magnetic resonance (MR) radiomic features to preoperatively differentiate intracranial extraventricular ependymoma (IEE) from glioblastoma (GBM). This retrospective study enrolled patients with histopathologically confirmed IEE and GBM from June 2016 to June 2021. Radiomics features were extracted from T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) sequence images, and classification models were constructed using EL methods and logistic regression (LR). The efficiency of the models was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. The combined EL model, based on clinical parameters and radiomic features from T1WI and T2WI images, demonstrated good discriminative ability, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.96 (95% CI 0.94-0.98), a specificity of 0.84, an accuracy of 0.92, and a sensitivity of 0.95 in the training set, and an AUC of 0.89 (95% CI 0.83-0.94), a specificity of 0.83, an accuracy of 0.81, and a sensitivity of 0.74 in the validation set. The discriminative efficacy of the EL model was significantly higher than that of the LR model. Favorable calibration performance and clinical applicability for the EL model were observed. The EL model combining preoperative MR-based tumor radiomics and clinical data showed high accuracy and sensitivity in differentiating IEE from GBM preoperatively, which may potentially assist in clinical management of these brain tumors."
3056,brain tumour,39163913,Higher inflammatory proteins predict future depressive symptom severity among adolescents with lower emotional clarity.,"A growing body of work has implicated inflammation in the pathogenesis of depression. As not all individuals with heightened levels of peripheral inflammation develop symptoms of depression, additional work is needed to identify other factors that catalyze the relationship between inflammation and depressive symptoms. Given that elevated levels of inflammatory activity can induce a variety of emotional changes, the present study examined whether emotional clarity, the trait-like ability to identify, discern, and express one's emotions, influences the strength of the association between inflammatory signaling and concurrent and prospective symptoms of depression."
3057,brain tumour,39163733,"TP53 mutations and survival in patients with histologically defined Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype.","Mutations of the TP53 oncosuppressor gene are frequent events in patients with malignant tumors including IDH-wildtype GBM (GBM IDH wt). However, the effective impact of TP53 mutations on prognosis has been poorly evaluated."
3058,brain tumour,39163511,Hypoxia Stimulates PYGB Enzymatic Activity to Promote Glycogen Metabolism and Cholangiocarcinoma Progression.,"Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) displays enhanced glycolysis, pivotal for fulfilling the heightened energy demands intrinsic to its malignant progression. Recent research has indicated that endogenous glycogen rather than exogenous glucose acts as the major carbon source for glycolysis, highlighting the need to better understand the regulation of glycogen homeostasis in CCA. Here, through comprehensive integrative analysis, we identified that glycogen phosphorylase brain form (PYGB), the main enzyme involved in glycogen homeostasis, was markedly upregulated in CCA tissues, serving as an independent prognostic indicator for human patients with CCA. Moreover, elevated PYGB expression potentiated cholangiocarcinogenesis and augmented CCA cell proliferation in both organoid and xenograft models. Hypoxia stimulated PYGB activity in a phosphoglycerate kinase 1-dependent manner, leading to glycogenolysis and the subsequent release of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and thereby facilitating aerobic glycolysis. Notably, a virtual screening pinpointed the β-blocker carvedilol as a potent pharmacologic inhibitor of PYGB that could attenuate CCA progression. Collectively, these findings position PYGB as a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for CCA.  Significance: Cholangiocarcinoma cells exhibit high glycogen phosphorylase activity under hypoxic conditions that mediates metabolic reprograming to promote glycolysis and support tumor development."
3059,brain tumour,39163492,Targeting Glioblastoma: Efficacy of Ruthenium-Based Drugs.,"Ruthenium compounds offer improved selectivity and fewer side effects compared to platinum-based drugs in glioblastoma treatment. Insights into their interactions with transferrin suggest targeted drug delivery, while photoactivated chemotherapy is a novel cytotoxic approach in tumor tissues."
3060,brain tumour,39163387,Utilizing machine learning to tailor radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy for low-grade glioma patients.,There is ongoing uncertainty about the effectiveness of various adjuvant treatments for low-grade gliomas (LGGs). Machine learning (ML) models that predict individual treatment effects (ITE) and provide treatment recommendations could help tailor treatments to each patient's needs.
3061,brain tumour,39163359,Focused Ultrasound: Noninvasive Image-Guided Therapy.,"Invasive open surgery used to be compulsory to access tumor mass to perform excision or resection. Development of minimally invasive laparoscopic procedures followed, as well as catheter-based approaches, such as stenting, endovascular surgery, chemoembolization, brachytherapy, which minimize side effects and reduce the risks to patients. Completely noninvasive procedures bring further benefits in terms of reducing risk, procedure time, recovery time, potential of infection, or other side effects. Focusing ultrasound waves from the outside of the body specifically at the disease site has proven to be a safe noninvasive approach to localized ablative hyperthermia, mechanical ablation, and targeted drug delivery. Focused ultrasound as a medical intervention was proposed decades ago, but it only became feasible to plan, guide, monitor, and control the treatment procedures with advanced radiological imaging capabilities. The purpose of this review is to describe the imaging capabilities and approaches to perform these tasks, with the emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound. Some procedures already are in clinical practice, with more at the clinical trial stage. Imaging is fully integrated in the workflow and includes the following: (1) planning, with definition of the target regions and adjacent organs at risk; (2) real-time treatment monitoring via thermometry imaging, cavitation feedback, and motion control, to assure targeting and safety to adjacent normal tissues; and (3) evaluation of treatment efficacy, via assessment of ablation and physiological parameters, such as blood supply. This review also focuses on sonosensitive microparticles and nanoparticles, such as microbubbles injected in the bloodstream. They enable ultrasound energy deposition down to the microvascular level, induce vascular inflammation and shutdown, accelerate clot dissolution, and perform targeted drug delivery interventions, including focal gene delivery. Especially exciting is the ability to perform noninvasive drug delivery via opening of the blood-brain barrier at the desired areas within the brain. Overall, focused ultrasound under image guidance is rapidly developing, to become a choice noninvasive interventional radiology tool to treat disease and cure patients."
3062,brain tumour,39163297,"Unveiling the potential of phytochemicals to inhibit nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 2 for cancer: Pharmacophore screening, molecular docking, ADME properties, and molecular dynamics simulation investigations.","Nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 2 (NSD2) significantly contributes to the development of cancer, making it a promising target for cancer drug discovery. This research explores natural compounds as potential selective inhibitors for NSD2 in cancer treatment. Employing a comprehensive in silico approach, the study utilized pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, pharmacokinetic profiling, and molecular dynamics simulations. An e-pharmacophore model-based screening using the first selective and potent ligand bound to NSD2 identified 49,248 natural compounds from the SuperNatural 3.0 database (containing 449,008 molecules) with acceptable alignment with the developed pharmacophore hypotheses. Subsequently, molecular docking was executed to assess the standout compounds which led to the selection of ten candidates that surpassed the reference inhibitor in accordance w the binding affinity expressed as a G score. Ligand-residue interaction analyses of the top three hits (SN0450102, SN0410255, and SN0142336) revealed diverse crucial interactions with the NSD2 active site, including hydrogen bonds, pi-pi stacking, and hydrophobic contacts with key amino acid residues in the NSD2-PWWP1 domain. Pharmacokinetic profiling confirmed the drug-likability for the refined hits, indicating good cellular permeability and minimal blood-brain barrier penetration. Molecular dynamics simulations for 200 nanoseconds affirmed the stability of protein-ligand complexes, with minimal fluctuations in root mean square deviation and root mean square fluctuation analyses. Overall, this study identified promising natural compounds as potential pharmaceutical agents in the treatment of NSD2-associated cancers."
3063,brain tumour,39163123,Detecting and Addressing Secondary Neural Injuries in Cranial Surgery: Case Report.,"Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is instrumental in mitigating neurological deficits following cranial and spinal procedures. Despite extensive research on IONM's ability to recognize limb-malposition-related issues, less attention has been given to other secondary neural injuries in cranial surgeries. A comprehensive multimodal neuromonitoring approach was employed during a left frontal craniotomy for tumor resection. The electronic medical record was reviewed in detail in order to describe the patient's clinical course. The patient, a 46-year-old female, underwent craniotomy for excision of a meningioma. Deteriorations in somatosensory evoked potential and transcranial motor evoked potential recordings identified both a mal-positioned limb as well as an infiltrated intravenous (IV) line in the arm contralateral to the surgical site. The IONM findings for the infiltrated IV were initially attributed to potential limb malposition until swelling and blistering of the limb were appreciated and investigated. The timely identification and management of the infiltrated IV and adjustment of limb positioning contributed to the patient's recovery, avoiding fasciotomy, with no postoperative neurological deficits. This case is the first published demonstration of the utility of IONM in detecting IV infiltration. This early recognition facilitated early intervention, saving the patient from a potential fasciotomy and enabling their recovery with no postoperative neurological deficits. The findings from this single case highlight the necessity for vigilant and dynamic application of IONM techniques to enhance patient safety and outcomes in neurosurgical procedures. Further research is needed to explore broader applications and further optimize the detection capabilities of IONM."
3064,brain tumour,39163091,The Infiltrative Margins in Glioblastoma: Important Is What Has Been Left behind.,"Supramaximal resection beyond the contrast-enhancing tumor borders represents an emerging surgical strategy for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. A recent study provides evidence detailing the interactive effects of more aggressive surgery on other clinical predictors of outcome, supporting guidance for surgical decision-making and informing clinical trialists about the need to stratify for extent of resection. See related article by Park et al., p. 4866."
3065,brain tumour,39163020,"Brain Metastases in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management.",
3066,brain tumour,39162901,Radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluation of a ,"This study aimed to develop a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, ["
3067,brain tumour,39162874,Is add-on Bevacizumab therapy to Temozolomide and radiotherapy associated with clinical utility for newly diagnosed Glioblastoma? A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Bevacizumab, temozolomide (TMZ), and radiotherapy are three therapeutic methods, but the combination of them as a new approach for the treatment of newly diagnosed high-grade gliomas (HGGs) is still under investigation. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and clinical utility of this treatment approach for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically reviewed from inception to 24 August 2023. Relevant studies evaluating the therapeutic effect of adding Bevacizumab to TMZ-based chemotherapy and radiation therapy were enrolled. All statistical analysis was performed using the ""meta"" package of R. A total of 21 studies were included in this study. Our meta-analysis found that adding bevacizumab to standard therapy improved progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with newly diagnosed GBM. The pooled 6-month PFS rate was significantly higher with bevacizumab (79% vs. 56%, odds ratio 3.17). Overall survival (OS) showed modest improvements, with 2-year OS rates of 39% vs. 20% favoring bevacizumab. Radiological response rates varied, with a pooled overall response rate of 44% for bevacizumab-treated patients. The complete response rate was 16%, partial response 32%, and progressive disease 25%. Adverse events occurred in 62% of bevacizumab-treated patients. Common complications included fatigue, thrombocytopenia, and thromboembolic events. When added to standard therapy, bevacizumab demonstrates modest improvements in PFS and OS for newly diagnosedGBM. While it shows promise in short-term outcomes and radiological responses, long-term survival benefits remain limited. The risk of adverse events, particularly CNS hemorrhage, necessitates careful patient selection. These findings suggest that bevacizumab may have a role in treating high-grade gliomas, but its use should be individualized based on patient characteristics and risk-benefit assessment."
3068,brain tumour,39162363,Identifying and validating necroptosis-associated features to predict clinical outcome and immunotherapy response in patients with glioblastoma.,Necroptosis is a type of programmed cell death involved in the pathogenesis of cancers. This work developed a prognostic glioblastoma (GBM) model based on necroptosis-related genes.
3069,brain tumour,39161997,Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Immunotherapy on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Brain Metastases: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.,"Growing evidence suggests that immunotherapy has a positive effect on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases (BMs). However, it remains unclear which type of immunotherapy is more efficient. The aim of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to compare the efficacy and safety of different immunotherapy types and determine the optimal option."
3070,brain tumour,39161507,Intra-axial Cortical-Based Tumour Presented as Homonymous Hemianopia in a Young Patient: A Diagnostic Dilemma.,"Intra-axial cortical-based tumours are rare tumours affecting children and young adults. These tumours can be classified as either low-grade or high-grade, depending on their aggressiveness and rate of growth. We report a case of homonymous hemianopia secondary to an intra-axial cortical-based tumour in a young patient. A 26-year-old lady presented with bilateral blurring of vision for three weeks associated with a headache. Visual acuity was 6/6 in both eyes. Bilateral optic nerve functions were normal. The Humphrey visual field test showed left-homonymous hemianopia. A CT scan and MRI of the brain revealed an intra-axial cortical-based tumor. Differential diagnoses include pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA), ganglioglioma, oligodendroglioma, and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour (DNET). The patient was treated conservatively and closely monitored through clinic follow-up."
3071,brain tumour,39161498,Atypical Choroid Plexus Tumor of the Cauda Equina With Metastases to the Spinal Cord and Brain.,"We report a case of a 57-year-old man with a tumor arising from the cauda equina with spinal cord and intracranial metastases in the basal cisterns and along the cranial nerves. He presented with severe lower back pain and mild gait imbalance. His imaging revealed a large mass in the lumbosacral region with involvement of the cauda equina, intradural extramedullary enhancing metastases in the thoracic spinal canal, and intracranial metastases in the suprasellar cistern and along both trigeminal and facial/vestibulocochlear nerve complexes. Pathological examination of the resected thoracic spinal cord mass showed an atypical papillary proliferation with moderate nuclear pleomorphism and rare mitotic figures. While the morphologic and immunophenotypic features were consistent with the diagnosis of a choroid plexus tumor, the atypical location for this entity required the exclusion of other epithelioid tumors with papillary architecture. Additional immunohistochemical markers were used to exclude a metastatic adenocarcinoma, a papillary variant of a meningioma, and a papillary variant of an ependymoma. Ultimately, methylation-based tumor profiling determined that the methylation class was a match for ""plexus tumor"" resulting in the integrated diagnosis of the tumor with features of choroid plexus papilloma. This is a unique presentation for both the location and the metastatic spread. The methylation profile was instrumental in establishing this diagnosis."
3072,brain tumour,39161054,Examination of Akt and GSK3β in BDNF-mediated reductions in BACE1 activity in neuronal cells.,"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) content and signaling has been identified as one potential regulator of amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing. Recently published work has demonstrated that BDNF reduces BACE1 activity while also elevating the inhibition of GSK3β in the prefrontal cortex of male C57BL/6J mice. These results provide evidence that BDNF alters APP processing by reducing BACE1 activity, which may act through GSK3β inhibition. The purpose of this study was to further explore the role of GSK3β in BDNF-induced regulation on BACE1 activity. We utilized a cell culture and an in vitro activity assay model to pharmacologically target BDNF and GSK3β signaling to confirm its involvement in the BDNF response. Treatment of differentiated SH-SY5Y neuronal cells with 75 ng/mL BDNF resulted in elevated pTrkB content, pAkt content, pGSK3β content, and reduced BACE1 activity. An in vitro BACE1 activity assay utilizing mouse prefrontal cortex (n = 6/group) supplemented with BDNF, BDNF + ANA12 (Trkb antagonist), or BDNF + wortmannin (Akt inhibitor) demonstrated that BDNF reduced BACE1 activity; however, in the presence of TrkB or Akt inhibition, this effect was abolished. An in vitro ADAM10 activity assay utilizing mouse prefrontal cortex (n = 6/group) supplemented with BDNF, BDNF + ANA12 (Trkb antagonist), or BDNF + wortmannin (Akt inhibitor) demonstrated that BDNF did not alter ADAM10 activity. However, inhibiting BDNF signaling reduced ADAM10 activity. Collectively these studies suggest that GSK3β inhibition may be necessary for BDNF-induced reductions in BACE1 activity. These findings will allow for the optimization of future therapeutic strategies by selectively targeting TrkB activation and GSK3β inhibition."
3073,brain tumour,39160736,Molecular imaging with 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in high grade glioma: A biomarker for tumour neo-angiogenesis.,There are several promising radiotracers used for both staging and restaging of primary and recurrent brain tumours based on various mechanisms of tracer localization in tumour cells. 68Ga-PSMA PET has extremely low background uptake in normal brain tissue and consequently high tumour-to-brain ratio making it a promising imaging radiotracer for gliomas. 68Ga-PSMA demonstrates utility in evaluating high grade glioma during both initial workup or when suspecting recurrence. Herein the authors evaluate the role of this imaging modality and the potential future it holds in the management of high grade gliomas.
3074,brain tumour,39160595,Identification of tumor rejection antigens and the immunologic landscape of medulloblastoma.,"The current standard of care treatments for medulloblastoma are insufficient as these do not take tumor heterogeneity into account. Newer, safer, patient-specific treatment approaches are required to treat high-risk medulloblastoma patients who are not cured by the standard therapies. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment modality that could be key to improving survival and avoiding morbidity. For an effective immune response, appropriate tumor antigens must be targeted. While medulloblastoma patients with subgroup-specific genetic substitutions have been previously reported, the immunogenicity of these genetic alterations remains unknown. The aim of this study is to identify potential tumor rejection antigens for the development of antigen-directed cellular therapies for medulloblastoma."
3075,brain tumour,39160578,The relationship between gadolinium enhancement and [18 F]fluorothymidine uptake in brain lesions with the use of hybrid PET/MRI.,To evaluate and compare the diagnostic power of [
3076,brain tumour,39160463,Noninvasive prediction of BRAF V600E mutation status of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas with MRI morphologic features and diffusion-weighted imaging.,"Seeking a noninvasive predictor for BRAF V600E mutation status of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXAs) is essential for their prognoses and therapeutic use of BRAF inhibitors. We aimed to noninvasively diagnose BRAF V600E-mutated PXAs using MRI morphologic, DWI and clinical parameters."
3077,brain tumour,39160352,The impact of a primary brain tumor diagnosis on caregivers: Insights from the patients' perspective.,"The diagnosis of a primary brain tumor (PBT) causes significant distress for the caregiver-patient dyad, warranting increased supportive care intervention. Although researchers have previously assessed caregivers' perceptions of their own supportive care needs, no study to date has identified how patients perceive the caregiving experience and/or patients' recommendations for integrating supportive care of caregivers in neuro-oncology. This qualitative study examined caregiver distress as well as caregiver supportive care needs from the patients' perspective to inform future intervention development."
3078,brain tumour,39160329,The role of NPC2 gene in glioma was investigated based on bioinformatics analysis.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant primary brain tumors in adults. The NPC2 gene (Niemann-Pick type C intracellular cholesterol transporter 2) is a protein-coding gene with a lipid recognition domain. The NPC2 gene was found to be significantly increased in gliomas (LGG and GBM), and it is now thought to be a risk factor. COX analysis demonstrated that NPC2 was a significant risk factor for glioma. Functional enrichment analysis of genes that were differentially expressed between high and low expression groups revealed that genes were primarily enriched in the regulation of trans-synaptic signaling, Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling and other pathways. According to the findings of the immunoinfiltration investigation, the NPC2 gene and macrophage, DC, etc. have a strong positive association. In addition, patients with high NPC2 expression had higher levels of immune cell expression. Medication sensitivity research revealed that NPC2's differential expression had some bearing on patients' medication sensitivity. There was a strong correlation between the prognosis of glioma patients and the gene sets NUDT19 and NUME. In brief, the NPC2 gene was identified to be a possible biomarker of glioma, and preliminary analysis was done on the role of the NPC2 gene in immunological microenvironment of glioma."
3079,brain tumour,39160266,Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor in the thalamus: case report and systematic review of literature.,"The authors present the first reported case of MVNT in the thalamus in a 60-year-old man with a 20-year history of epilepsy and recent progressive neurological decline presented for neurosurgical evaluation for a non-enhancing mass predominantly in the right thalamus presumed to be a low-grade glioma. The tumor was subtotally resected using a left contralateral interhemispheric transcallosal approach. Histological and molecular assessment revealed an MVNT with MAPK pathway-activating mutation. The authors also conducted a systematic review of pathology-proven cases of MVNT to provide an up-to-date overview of the literature on the localization, presenting symptoms, and recurrence of this tumor."
3080,brain tumour,39160236,"Human glioblastoma-derived cell membrane nanovesicles: a novel, cell-specific strategy for boron neutron capture therapy of brain tumors.","Glioblastoma (GBM), one of the deadliest brain tumors, accounts for approximately 50% of all primary malignant CNS tumors, therefore novel, highly effective remedies are urgently needed. Boron neutron capture therapy, which has recently repositioned as a promising strategy to treat high-grade gliomas, requires a conspicuous accumulation of boron atoms in the cancer cells. With the aim of selectively deliver sodium borocaptate (BSH, a 12 B atoms-including molecule already employed in the clinics) to GBM cells, we developed novel cell membrane-derived vesicles (CMVs), overcoming the limits of natural extracellular vesicles as drug carriers, while maintaining their inherent homing abilities that make them preferable to fully synthetic nanocarriers. Purified cell membrane fragments, isolated from patient-derived GBM stem-like cell cultures, were used to prepare nanosized CMVs, which retained some membrane proteins specific of the GBM parent cells and were devoid of potentially detrimental genetic material. In vitro tests evidenced the targeting ability of this novel nanosystem and ruled out any cytotoxicity. The CMVs were successfully loaded with BSH, by following two different procedures, i.e. sonication and electroporation, demonstrating their potential applicability in GBM therapy."
3081,brain tumour,39160023,Development and validation of 3D printed anthropomorphic head phantom with eccentric holes for medical LINAC quality assurance testing in stereotactic radiosurgery.,"Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) for brain tumors using Medical Linear Accelerator (LINAC) demands high precision and accuracy. A specific Quality Assurance (QA) is essential for every patient undergoing SRS to protect nearby non-cancerous cells by ensuring that the X-ray beams are targeted according to tumor position. In this work, a water-filled generic anthropomorphic head phantom consisting of two removable parts with eccentric holes was developed using Additive Manufacturing (AM) process for performing QA in SRS. In the patient specific QA, the planned radiation dose using Treatment Planning System (TPS) was compared with the dose measured in the phantom. Also, the energy consistency of radiation beams was tested at 200 MU for different energy beams at the central and eccentric holes of the phantom using an ionization chamber. Experimentally examined results show that planned doses in TPS are reaching the target within a 5% deviation. The ratio of the dose delivered in the eccentric hole to the dose delivered to the central hole shows variations of less than 2% for the energy consistency test. The designed, low-cost water-filled anthropomorphic phantom is observed to improve positioning verification and accurate dosimetry of patient-specific QA in SRS treatment."
3082,brain tumour,39159984,Extraconal orbital craniopharyngioma.,"A female, in her 60s, presented with pain and swelling of the right eye for 3 years. The radiological work-up revealed an extraconal solid-cystic orbital tumour suggestive of an epidermoid cyst. The patient underwent supraorbital craniotomy with a gross total excision of the tumour. An intraoperative diagnosis was sought, which on both squash smear and frozen section showed features of craniopharyngioma (CP), later confirmed on paraffin sections and immunohistochemistry. The orbit is a very rare site for ectopic CP, with only two cases reported in the literature. Many theories have been proposed to explain the occurrence of CP at ectopic sites. This report aims to provide insight into the different hypotheses of the pathogenesis of ectopic CP through a review of the literature."
3083,brain tumour,39159863,Proteomics of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles reveals S100A8 as a novel biomarker for Alzheimer's disease: A preliminary study.,"Extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as mediators for intercellular transfer of Aβ and tau proteins, promoting the propagation of these pathological misfolded proteins throughout the brain in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Levels of blood exosomal Aβ"
3084,brain tumour,39159854,Exploring the impact of estrogen-related receptor gamma on metabolism and disease.,"Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) is a member of the ERR orphan nuclear receptor family which possesses three subtypes, α, β, and γ. ERRγ is reportedly predominantly expressed in metabolically active tissues and cells, which promotes positive and negative effects in different tissues. ERRγ overexpression in the liver, pancreas, and thyroid cells is related to liver cancer, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, and carcinoma. Reduced ERRγ expression in the brain, immune cells, tumor cells, and energy metabolism causes neurological dysfunction, gastric cancer, and obesity. ERRγ is a constitutive receptor; however, its transcriptional activity also depends on co-regulators, agonists, and antagonists, which, when after forming a complex, can play a role in targeting and treating diseases. Moreover, ERRγ has proven crucial in regulating cellular and metabolic activity. However, many functions mediated via ERRγ remain unknown and require further exploration. Hence, considering the importance of ERRγ, this review focuses on the critical findings and interactions between ERRγ and co-regulators, agonists, and antagonists alongside its relationship with downstream and upstream signaling pathways and diseases. This review highlights new findings and provides a path to understanding the current ideas and future studies on ERRγ-mediated cellular activity."
3085,brain tumour,39159556,Short-chain fatty acids reverses gut microbiota dysbiosis-promoted progression of glioblastoma by up-regulating M1 polarization in the tumor microenvironment.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), known as the most malignant and common primary brain tumor of the central nervous system, has finite therapeutic options and a poor prognosis. Studies have shown that host intestinal microorganisms play a role in the immune regulation of parenteral tumors in a number of different ways, either directly or indirectly. However, the potential impact of gut microbiota on tumor microenvironment, particularly glioma immunological milieu, has not been clarified exactly. In this study, by using an orthotopic GBM model, we found gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by antibiotic cocktail treatment boosted the tumor process in vivo. An obvious change that followed gut microbiota dysbiosis was the enhanced percentage of M2-like macrophages in the TME, in parallel with a decrease in the levels of gut microbial metabolite, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the blood and tumor tissues. Oral supplementation with SCFAs can increase the proportion of M1-like macrophages in the TME, which improves the outcomes of glioma. In terms of mechanism, SCFAs-activated glycolysis in the tumor-associated macrophages may be responsible for the elevated M1 polarization in the TME. This study will enable us to better comprehend the ""gut-brain"" axis and be meaningful for the development of TAM-targeting immunotherapeutic strategies for GBM patients."
3086,brain tumour,39159402,Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Fibroblast Activation Protein Using a Targeted Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent.,"The aim of this study was to synthesize a quinoline-based MRI contrast agent, Gd-DOTA-FAPI04, and assess its capacity for targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-positive tumors in vivo. Gd-DOTA-FAPI04 was synthesized by attaching a 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) complex of gadolinium(III) to FAP inhibitor FAPI04. The longitudinal relaxation time (T1) of the contrast agent was measured using a Siemens Prisma 3.0T MR system, and the CCK-8 assay was performed to evaluate its potential cytotoxicity. Male nude mice bearing tumors grown from FAP-expressing fibrosarcoma cells were divided into experimental ("
3087,brain tumour,39159365,Impact of the Novel MRI Contrast Agent Gadopiclenol on Radiotherapy Decision Making in Patients With Brain Metastases.,The aim of this study was to assess the effect of gadopiclenol versus gadobenate dimeglumine contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on decision-making between whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for treatment of brain metastases (BMs).
3088,brain tumour,39159285,Enhancing neuro-oncology care through equity-driven applications of artificial intelligence.,"The disease course and clinical outcome for brain tumor patients depend not only on the molecular and histological features of the tumor but also on the patient's demographics and social determinants of health. While current investigations in neuro-oncology have broadly utilized artificial intelligence (AI) to enrich tumor diagnosis and more accurately predict treatment response, postoperative complications, and survival, equity-driven applications of AI have been limited. However, AI applications to advance health equity in the broader medical field have the potential to serve as practical blueprints to address known disparities in neuro-oncologic care. In this consensus review, we will describe current applications of AI in neuro-oncology, postulate viable AI solutions for the most pressing inequities in neuro-oncology based on broader literature, propose a framework for the effective integration of equity into AI-based neuro-oncology research, and close with the limitations of AI."
3089,brain tumour,39159216,Neutrophil-Targeting Semiconducting Polymer Nanotheranostics for NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Photothermal-NO-Immunotherapy of Orthotopic Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the deadliest primary brain tumors, but its diagnosis and curative therapy still remain a big challenge. Herein, neutrophil-targeting semiconducting polymer nanotheranostics (SSPN"
3090,brain tumour,39158809,Recovery from hypogonadism in men with prolactinoma treated with dopamine agonists.,"In men with prolactinoma treated with dopamine agonists (DA), the extent, timeline, and predictive factors of gonadotropic axis recovery are still unclear."
3091,brain tumour,39158191,Mosaic SUFU mutation associated with a mild phenotype of multiple hereditary infundibulocystic basal cell carcinoma syndrome.,"Multiple hereditary infundibulocystic basal cell carcinoma syndrome (MHIBCC), an autosomal dominant disorder caused by variants in SUFU, is characterized by numerous infundibulocystic basal cell carcinomas (IBCCs). In this report, we present a possible case of mosaic MHIBCC. A 57-year-old woman underwent the removal of four papules on her face, which were diagnosed as IBCCs. Exome sequencing revealed a SUFU c.1022+1G>A mutation within the skin tumor. The same mutation was detected in her blood but at a lower allele frequency. TA cloning revealed that the allele frequency of the mutation in the blood was 0.07. Additionally, tumor assessment revealed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in chromosome 10, including the SUFU locus. These results indicate the patient had mosaicism for the SUFU mutation in normal tissues, aligning with the mosaic MHIBCC diagnosis. This, combined with LOH, likely contributed to IBCC development. Mosaic MHIBCC may present with milder symptoms. However, it may still increase the risk of developing brain tumors and more aggressive basal cell carcinoma. The possibility of mosaicism should be investigated in mild MHIBCC cases, where standard genetic tests fail to detect SUFU germline variants."
3092,brain tumour,39158090,BRAF and MEK inhibitor targeted therapy in papillary craniopharyngiomas: a cohort study.,"Targeted therapy (TT) with BRAF/MEK inhibitors has emerged as a potential treatment in papillary craniopharyngiomas (PCPs). However, standardized data on large cohorts are lacking. Our study aimed to assess real-life efficacy and safety of BRAF/MEK inhibition in patients with PCPs."
3093,brain tumour,39157967,Excessive lipid production shapes glioma tumor microenvironment.,Disrupted lipid metabolism is a characteristic of gliomas. This study utilizes an ultrastructural approach to characterize the prevalence and distribution of lipids within gliomas. This study made use of tissue from IDH1 wild type (IDH1-wt) glioblastoma (
3094,brain tumour,39157383,Characterization of the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer brain metastasis.,"The difference in the tumor microenvironment (TME) between primary breast cancer (PBC) and breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) is still unknown. Herein, we present the landscape of the TME in PBC and BCBM to better understand the process of BCBM."
3095,brain tumour,39156969,Advancing precision medicine in gliomas through single-cell sequencing: unveiling the complex tumor microenvironment.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) displays an infiltrative growth characteristic that recruits neighboring normal cells to facilitate tumor growth, maintenance, and invasion into the brain. While the blood-brain barrier serves as a critical natural defense mechanism for the central nervous system, GBM disrupts this barrier, resulting in the infiltration of macrophages from the peripheral bone marrow and the activation of resident microglia. Recent advancements in single-cell transcriptomics and spatial transcriptomics have refined the categorization of cells within the tumor microenvironment for precise identification. The intricate interactions and influences on cell growth within the tumor microenvironment under multi-omics conditions are succinctly outlined. The factors and mechanisms involving microglia, macrophages, endothelial cells, and T cells that impact the growth of GBM are individually examined. The collaborative mechanisms of tumor cell-immune cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment synergistically promote the growth, infiltration, and metastasis of gliomas, while also influencing the immune status and therapeutic response of the tumor microenvironment. As immunotherapy continues to progress, targeting the cells within the inter-tumor microenvironment emerges as a promising novel therapeutic approach for GBM. By comprehensively understanding and intervening in the intricate cellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment, novel therapeutic modalities may be developed to enhance treatment outcomes for patients with GBM."
3096,brain tumour,39156868,Predicting Survival in Glioblastoma Using Gene Expression Databases: A Neural Network Analysis.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal brain tumor. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have the potential to make accurate predictions and improve decision making. The aim of this study was to create an ANN model to predict 15-month survival in GBM patients according to gene expression databases. Genomic data of GBM were downloaded from the CGGA, TCGA, MYO, and CPTAC. Logistic regression (LR) and ANN model were used. Age, gender, IDH wild-type/mutant and the 31 most important genes from our previous study, were determined as input factors for the established ANN model. 15-month survival time was used to evaluate the results. The normalized importance scores of each covariate were calculated using the selected ANN model. The area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) statistic and accuracy of prediction were measured to evaluate the two models. SPSS 26 was utilized. A total of 551 patients (61% male, mean age 55.5 ± 13.3 years) patients were divided into training, testing, and validation datasets of 441, 55 and 55 patients, respectively. The main candidate genes found were: FN1, ICAM1, MYD88, IL10, and CCL2 with the ANN model; and MMP9, MYD88, and CDK4 with LR model. The AUCs were 0.71 for the LR and 0.81 for the ANN analysis. Compared to the LR model, the ANN model showed better results: Accuracy rate, 83.3 %; H-L statistic, 6.5 %; and AUC, 0.81 % of patients. The findings show that ANNs can accurately predict the 15-month survival in GBM patients and contribute to precise medical treatment."
3097,brain tumour,39156739,Validity test of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) graded prognostic assessment and proposal of a new index for patients with brain metastases from SCLC.,"We performed a validity test of a recently-reported, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) graded prognostic assessment (GPA) system for SCLC patients with brain metastases (BMs). Thereafter, we created a new prognostic index, the SCLC Grade, for such patients."
3098,brain tumour,39156707,Testing calpain inhibition in tumor endothelial cells: novel targetable biomarkers against glioblastoma malignancy.,Glioblastoma 
3099,brain tumour,39156698,Role of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors after brain progression in platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer: a case report and review of the literature.,"The incidence of brain metastases in ovarian cancer is quite rare, being approximately 1%-2%. According to retrospective studies, patients with BRCA 1/2 mutations present a higher risk. The trimodal approach based on surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy presents better outcomes, but the prognosis remains poor with overall survival since the brain progression is around 1 year. Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have provided a new alternative for the management of advanced ovarian cancer. The SOLO2, NOVA, and ARIEL3 clinical trials do not refer data on patients with brain metastases, and the published evidence for PARPi in this setting comes only from case reports and retrospective studies."
3100,brain tumour,39156639,Reversion of pathogenic ,"This study investigates the molecular characteristics and therapeutic implications of the BRCA1 L1780P mutation, a rare variant prevalent among Korean hereditary breast cancer patients. Using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and cell lines (PDX-derived cell line) from carriers, sequencing analyses revealed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the BRCA1 locus, with one patient losing the wild-type allele and the other mutated allele. This reversion mutation may cf. resistance to homologous recombination deficiency (HRD)-targeting drugs such as PARP inhibitors (PARPi) and ATM inhibitors (ATMi). Although HRDetect and CHORD analyses confirmed a strong association between the L1780P mutation and HRD, effective initially, drug resistance developed in cases with reversion mutations. These findings underscore the complexity of using HRD prediction in personalized treatment strategies for breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations, as resistance may arise in reversion cases despite high HRD scores."
3101,brain tumour,39156619,Directionally non-rotating electric field therapy delivered through implanted electrodes as a glioblastoma treatment platform: A proof-of-principle study.,"While directionally rotating tumor-treating fields (TTF) therapy has garnered considerable clinical interest in recent years, there has been comparatively less focus on directionally non-rotating electric field therapy (dnEFT)."
3102,brain tumour,39156617,Intraoperative mapping of epileptogenic foci and tumor infiltration in neuro-oncology patients with epilepsy.,"Epileptogenesis and glioma growth have a bidirectional relationship. We hypothesized people with gliomas can benefit from the removal of epileptic tissue and that tumor-related epileptic activity may signify tumor infiltration in peritumoral regions. We investigated whether intraoperative electrocorticography (ioECoG) could improve seizure outcomes in oncological glioma surgery, and vice versa, what epileptic activity (EA) tells about tumor infiltration."
3103,brain tumour,39156493,M-VAAL: Multimodal Variational Adversarial Active Learning for Downstream Medical Image Analysis Tasks.,"Acquiring properly annotated data is expensive in the medical field as it requires experts, time-consuming protocols, and rigorous validation. Active learning attempts to minimize the need for large annotated samples by actively sampling the most informative examples for annotation. These examples contribute significantly to improving the performance of supervised machine learning models, and thus, active learning can play an essential role in selecting the most appropriate information in deep learning-based diagnosis, clinical assessments, and treatment planning. Although some existing works have proposed methods for sampling the best examples for annotation in medical image analysis, they are not task-agnostic and do not use multimodal auxiliary information in the sampler, which has the potential to increase robustness. Therefore, in this work, we propose a Multimodal Variational Adversarial Active Learning (M-VAAL) method that uses auxiliary information from additional modalities to enhance the active sampling. We applied our method to two datasets: i) brain tumor segmentation and multi-label classification using the BraTS2018 dataset, and ii) chest X-ray image classification using the COVID-QU-Ex dataset. Our results show a promising direction toward data-efficient learning under limited annotations."
3104,brain tumour,39156414,Optimizing Glioma Resection Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guidance in Neurosurgery.,"This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) in enhancing glioma resection outcomes within neurosurgical procedures. Given the complexity and variability of gliomas, achieving precise and safe resections is challenging, necessitating the use of advanced imaging techniques like iMRI. This technology provides real-time, high-resolution insights during surgery, allowing for adaptations based on surgical dynamics and brain shifts. Our comprehensive search across multiple databases selected five significant studies that collectively demonstrate the beneficial impact of iMRI. These studies highlight its role in significantly improving the extent of tumor resection and suggest potential enhancements in both immediate and long-term patient outcomes. The findings indicate that iMRI facilitates more aggressive yet safe resections, particularly in high-risk glioma cases. However, the implementation of iMRI in clinical practice requires careful consideration of training, resource allocation, and the potential variability in outcomes due to study design heterogeneity. Future research should focus on randomized controlled trials to better understand the cost-effectiveness and long-term benefits of iMRI, promoting its wider adoption in neurosurgical settings."
3105,brain tumour,39156296,Salivary Gland Anlage Tumor: A Case Report on Abnormal Breathing Found in a Late-Preterm Infant.,"There are many etiologies for respiratory distress in newborns, one of the rare causes being nasopharyngeal tumors. Of that category, salivary gland anlage tumor (SGAT) is exceedingly rare. Symptoms of SGAT vary by patient, but the most common presenting symptom is respiratory distress. The rarity of SGAT and infantile nasopharyngeal tumors in general can lead to delayed diagnosis in newborns with respiratory distress. We report an unexpected and incidental finding of this potentially life-threatening condition in the neonatal population. A preterm male infant with respiratory distress, who was undergoing a neurological workup for new hypotonia, was found to have an incidental nasopharyngeal mass after brain MRI. Upon eventual minimally invasive endoscopic surgical excision and pathologic workup for the mass, the patient was diagnosed with SGAT. The patient has since been with outpatient follow-up visits with no evidence of recurrence of the mass. The purpose of this report is to present a rare and often overlooked life-threatening diagnosis of respiratory distress in the neonatal population."
3106,brain tumour,39156126,Strategies to overcome tumor microenvironment immunosuppressive effect on the functioning of CAR-T cells in high-grade glioma.,"Despite significant progress in the treatment of some types of cancer, high-grade gliomas (HGGs) remain a significant clinical problem. In the case of glioblastoma (GBM), the most common solid tumor of the central nervous system in adults, the average survival time from diagnosis is only 15-18 months, despite the use of intensive multimodal therapy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cells, which have already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in the treatment of certain hematologic malignancies, are a new, promising therapeutic option. However, the efficacy of CAR-T cells in solid tumors is lower due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Reprogramming the immunosuppressive TME toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype therefore seems particularly important because it may allow for increasing the effectiveness of CAR-T cells in the therapy of solid tumors. The following literature review aims to present the results of preclinical studies showing the possibilities of improving the efficacy of CAR-T in the TME of GBM by reprogramming the TME toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype. It may be achievable thanks to the use of CAR-T in a synergistic therapy in combination with oncolytic viruses, radiotherapy, or epigenetic inhibitors, as well as by supporting CAR-T cells crossing of the blood-brain barrier, normalizing impaired angiogenesis in the TME, improving CAR-T effector functions by cytokine signaling or by blocking/knocking out T-cell inhibitors, and modulating the microRNA expression. The use of CAR-T cells modified in this way in synergistic therapy could lead to the longer survival of patients with HGG by inducing an endogenous anti-tumor response."
3107,brain tumour,39156097,Endobronchial metastasis secondary to renal clear cell carcinoma: A case report.,"Endobronchial metastases (EBMs) are tumours that metastasise from a malignant tumour outside the lungs to the central and subsegmental bronchi, and are visible under a bronchofibrescope. Most EBMs are formed by direct invasion or metastasis of intrathoracic malignant tumours, such as lung cancer, oesophageal cancer or mediastinum tumours. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), accounting for 2% to 3% of all tumours, is a common malignant tumour of the urinary system. Renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC) constitutes the predominant pathological subtype of RCC, comprising approximately 70% to 80% of all RCC cases. RCCC can spread and metastasise through arterial, venous and lymphatic circulation to almost all organs of the body. Moreover, lung, bone, liver, brain and local recurrence are the most common metastatic neoplasms of RCCC. However, EBM from RCCC has a low complication rate and is often misdiagnosed as primary lung cancer."
3108,brain tumour,39156090,Necrolytic migratory erythema caused by pancreatic hyperglycemia with emphasis on therapeutic and prognosis: A case report.,"With the incidence of pancreatic diseases increasing year by year, pancreatic hyperglycemia, as one of the common complications, is gradually gaining attention for its impact on the skin health of patients."
3109,brain tumour,39156087,Cushing's syndrome caused by giant Ewing's sarcoma of the kidney: A case report and review of literature.,"Primary renal Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is extremely rare, and only two cases causing Cushing's syndrome (CS) have been reported to date. We report that the case of an 18-year-old patient is diagnosed primary renal ES with typical CS characterized by purple stripes, weight gain, and hypertension."
3110,brain tumour,39155952,Acute natural killer cells response to a continuous moderate intensity and a work-matched high intensity interval exercise session in metastatic cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.,"It has been suggested that the acute natural killer (NK) cell response to aerobic exercise might contribute to the tumor suppressor effect of regular exercise observed in preclinical studies. Moreover, because this response is modulated by exercise intensity, high-intensity intervals exercise (HIIE) might represent an interesting therapeutic approach in cancer patients. However, this immune response remains unstudied in cancer patients currently undergoing chemotherapy."
3111,brain tumour,39155932,The benefits of ashwagandha (,"Ashwagandha or Withania somnifera is an herbal plant belonging to the Solanaceae family. Because of its wide range of phytochemicals, ashwagandha root extract has been used in numerous research studies, either alone or in conjunction with other natural plants, for various biomedical applications, which include its anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-stress, anti-tumor, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. Additionally, it improves endothelial function, lowers reactive oxygen species, controls apoptosis, and improves mitochondrial function. These properties make it a useful treatment for a variety of conditions, including age-related symptoms, anxiety, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, stress, arthritis, fatigue, and cognitive/memory impairment. Despite the numerous benefits of ashwagandha supplementation, there have been just four meta-analyses on the herb's effectiveness in treating anxiety, neurobehavioral disorders, impotence, and infertility. Moreover, no reviews exist that examine how ashwagandha affects antioxidant response and physical sports performance. Consequently, the goal of this study was to analyze the scientific literature regarding the effects of ashwagandha consumption on antioxidant response and athletic performance."
3112,brain tumour,39155866,Unveiling the multifaceted role of adropin in various diseases (Review).,"Adropin is a secreted peptide encoded by the energy homeostasis‑associated gene, which also functions as a membrane‑bound protein facilitating intercellular communication. This peptide has been detected in various tissues and body fluids, including the brain, liver, kidney, heart, pancreas, small intestine, endothelial cells and colostrum. Notably, the amino acid sequences of adropin are identical in humans, mice and rats. Previous studies have demonstrated that adropin levels fluctuate under different physiological and pathological conditions. Adropin plays a role in regulating carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism and intercellular molecular signaling pathways, implicating its involvement in the progression of numerous diseases, such as acute myocardial infarction, lung injury, non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease/non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis, kidney disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, obesity, and diabetes, atherosclerosis, systemic sclerosis and cancer. Despite its significance, the precise role and mechanism of this protein remain inadequately understood and studied. To elucidate the function of adropin and its clinical research status, a systematic review of recent studies on adropin across various diseases was conducted. Additionally, several challenges and limitations associated with adropin research in both animal and clinical contexts were identified, aiming to offer valuable insights for future investigation."
3113,brain tumour,39155859,Glioma lateralization: Focus on the anatomical localization and the distribution of molecular alterations (Review).,"It is well known how the precise localization of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) predicts the direction of tumor spread in the surrounding neuronal structures. The aim of the present review is to reveal the lateralization of GBM by evaluating the anatomical regions where it is frequently located as well as the main molecular alterations observed in different brain regions. According to the literature, the precise or most frequent lateralization of GBM has yet to be determined. However, it can be said that GBM is more frequently observed in the frontal lobe. Tractus and fascicles involved in GBM appear to be focused on the corticospinal tract, superior longitudinal I, II and III fascicles, arcuate fascicle long segment, frontal strait tract, and inferior fronto‑occipital fasciculus. Considering the anatomical features of GBM and its brain involvement, it is logical that the main brain regions involved are the frontal‑temporal‑parietal‑occipital lobes, respectively. Although tumor volumes are higher in the right hemisphere, it has been determined that the prognosis of patients diagnosed with cancer in the left hemisphere is worse, probably reflecting the anatomical distribution of some detrimental alterations such as TP53 mutations, PTEN loss, EGFR amplification, and MGMT promoter methylation. There are theories stating that the right hemisphere is less exposed to external influences in its development as it is responsible for the functions necessary for survival while tumors in the left hemisphere may be more aggressive. To shed light on specific anatomical and molecular features of GBM in different brain regions, the present review article is aimed at describing the main lateralization pathways as well as gene mutations or epigenetic modifications associated with the development of brain tumors."
3114,brain tumour,39155810,Evaluating 64Cu-DOTA-rituximab as a PET agent in patients with B-cell lymphoma: a head-to-head comparison with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography.,This study aimed to evaluate the biodistribution of 64Cu-DOTA-rituximab and its diagnostic feasibility for lymphoma using CD20-targeted 64Cu-DOTA-rituximab PET/computed tomography (PET/CT).
3115,brain tumour,39155686,More than meets the eye: Augmented reality in surgical oncology.,"In the field of surgical oncology, there has been a desire for innovative techniques to improve tumor visualization, resection, and patient outcomes. Augmented reality (AR) technology superimposes digital content onto the real-world environment, enhancing the user's experience by blending digital and physical elements. A thorough examination of AR technology in surgical oncology has yet to be performed."
3116,brain tumour,39155611,Visual morbidity in macroprolactinoma: A retrospective cohort study.,The management of visual field damage in patients with macroprolactinomas is a major therapeutic challenge. We aimed to study the visual morbidity associated with macroprolactinoma and its outcomes following medical and surgical treatment. We aimed to identify predictors of visual recovery.
3117,brain tumour,39155575,Increased UBD Is a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Glioma.,"Various studies have demonstrated that ubiquitin D (UBD) is overexpressed in different cancer types and may serve as a potential prognostic factor. However, additional research is necessary to establish the prognostic significance and possible role of UBD in glioma. Transcriptomic expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) were analyzed to identify UBD expression differences in tumor and normal tissues. The relative levels of UBD in glioma and normal tissues were determined using qRT-PCR and WB. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between UBD expression and clinicopathological characteristics of glioma patients. To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic predictive values of UBD, we used Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Cox regression analysis, diagnostic receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and nomogram model. We also conducted wound healing assays, transwell assays, EdU assays, and colony formation assays to verify the UBD function. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, as well as gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), were employed to determine the functions of UBD. Finally, we performed the western blot assays to assess changes in EMT markers as well as p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR expressions. Our study revealed a remarkable increase of UBD expression in glioma samples. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that high expression of UBD mRNA was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) in TCGA. ROC curve analysis showed that UBD expression levels could differentiate glioma from adjacent normal tissues accurately. Additionally, knockdown of UBD reduced the migration, invasion, and proliferation ability of glioma cells while UBD overexpression had the opposite effect. GSEA showed that the expression of UBD involved with various pathways including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling, P53 pathway, angiogenesis, inflammatory response, KRAS signaling, hypoxia, as well as TGF-β signaling. Furthermore, our findings suggest that UBD accelerates the activation of EMT and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway."
3118,brain tumour,39155374,SelK promotes glioblastoma cell proliferation by inhibiting β-TrCP1 mediated ubiquitin-dependent degradation of CDK4.,"Glioblastoma (GB) is recognized as one of the most aggressive brain tumors, with a median survival of 14.6 months. However, there are still some patients whose survival time was greater than 3 years, and the biological reasons behind this clinical phenomenon arouse our research interests. By conducting proteomic analysis on tumor tissues obtained from GB patients who survived over 3 years compared to those who survived less than 1 year, we identified a significant upregulation of SelK in patients with shorter survival times. Therefore, we hypothesized that SelK may be an important indicator related to the occurrence and progression of GBM."
3119,brain tumour,39155364,Association between dichotomized VASARI feature and overall survival in glioblastoma patients: a single-institution propensity score matching analysis.,"This study aimed to investigate the intra- and inter-observer consistency of the Visually Accessible Rembrandt Images (VASARI) feature set before and after dichotomization, and the association between dichotomous VASARI features and the overall survival (OS) in glioblastoma (GBM) patients."
3120,brain tumour,39155294,Spatial computational modelling illuminates the role of the tumour microenvironment for treating glioblastoma with immunotherapies.,"Glioblastoma is the most common and deadliest brain tumour in adults, with a median survival of 15 months under the current standard of care. Immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors and oncolytic viruses have been extensively studied to improve this endpoint. However, most thus far have failed. To improve the efficacy of immunotherapies to treat glioblastoma, new single-cell imaging modalities like imaging mass cytometry can be leveraged and integrated with computational models. This enables a better understanding of the tumour microenvironment and its role in treatment success or failure in this hard-to-treat tumour. Here, we implemented an agent-based model that allows for spatial predictions of combination chemotherapy, oncolytic virus, and immune checkpoint inhibitors against glioblastoma. We initialised our model with patient imaging mass cytometry data to predict patient-specific responses and found that oncolytic viruses drive combination treatment responses determined by intratumoral cell density. We found that tumours with higher tumour cell density responded better to treatment. When fixing the number of cancer cells, treatment efficacy was shown to be a function of CD4 + T cell and, to a lesser extent, of macrophage counts. Critically, our simulations show that care must be put into the integration of spatial data and agent-based models to effectively capture intratumoral dynamics. Together, this study emphasizes the use of predictive spatial modelling to better understand cancer immunotherapy treatment dynamics, while highlighting key factors to consider during model design and implementation."
3121,brain tumour,39154972,Identification of UNC5B as a novel aggressive biomarker for osteosarcoma based on basement membrane genes.,"The prognosis of patients with metastatic osteosarcoma is poor, and the variation of basement membrane genes (BMGs) is associated with cancer metastasis. However, the role of BMGs in osteosarcoma has been poorly studied."
3122,brain tumour,39154840,Blood biomarkers for cardiac damage during and after radiotherapy for esophageal cancer: A prospective cohort study.,The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the levels of High Sensitive Troponin T (HS-TNT) and N-terminal Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-ProBNP) increase after radiation therapy in a dose dependent way and are predictive for clinical cardiac events.
3123,brain tumour,39154793,Hypoxia-driven heterogeneous expression of α5 integrin in glioblastoma stem cells is linked to HIF-2α.,"Despite numerous molecular targeted therapies tested in glioblastoma (GBM), no significant progress in patient survival has been achieved in the last 20 years in the overall population of GBM patients except with TTfield setup associated with the standard of care chemoradiotherapy. Therapy resistance is associated with target expression heterogeneity and plasticity between tumors and in tumor niches. We focused on α5 integrin implicated in aggressive GBM in preclinical and clinical samples. To address the characteristics of α5 integrin heterogeneity we started with patient data indicating that elevated levels of its mRNA are related to hypoxia pathways. We turned on glioma stem cells which are considered at the apex of tumor formation and recurrence but also as they localize in hypoxic niches. We demonstrated that α5 integrin expression is stem cell line dependent and is modulated positively by hypoxia in vitro. Importantly, heterogeneity of expression is conserved in in vivo stem cell-derived mice xenografts. In hypoxic niches, HIF-2α is preferentially implicated in α5 integrin expression which confers migratory capacity to GBM stem cells. Hence combining HIF-2α and α5 integrin inhibitors resulted in proliferation and migration impairment of α5 integrin expressing cells. Stabilization of HIF-2α is however not sufficient to control integrin α5 expression. Our results show that AHR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) expression is inversely related to HIF-2α and α5 integrin expressions suggesting a functional competition between the two transcription factors. Collectively, data confirm the high heterogeneity of a GBM therapeutic target, its induction in hypoxic niches by HIF-2α and suggest a new way to attack molecularly defined GBM stem cells."
3124,brain tumour,39154656,Personalized optimization strategy for electrode array layout in TTFields of glioblastoma.,"Tumor treating fields (TTFields) is a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of glioblastoma. The electric field intensity is a critical factor in the therapeutic efficacy of TTFields, as stronger electric field can more effectively impede the proliferation and survival of tumor cells. In this study, we aimed to improve the therapeutic effectiveness of TTFields by optimizing the position of electrode arrays, resulting in an increased electric field intensity at the tumor. Three representative head models of real glioblastoma patients were used as the research subjects in this study. The improved subtraction-average-based optimization (ISABO) algorithm based on circle chaos mapping, opposition-based learning and golden sine strategy, was employed to optimize the positions of the four sets of electrode arrays on the scalp. The electrode positions are dynamically adjusted through iterative search to maximize the electric field intensity at the tumor. The experimental results indicate that, in comparison to the conventional layout, the positions of the electrode arrays obtained by the ISABO algorithm can achieve average electric field intensity of 1.7887, 2.0058, and 1.3497 V/cm at the tumor of three glioblastoma patients, which are 23.6%, 29.4%, and 8.5% higher than the conventional layout, respectively. This study demonstrates that optimizing the location of the TTFields electrode array using the ISABO algorithm can effectively enhance the electric field intensity and treatment coverage in the tumor area, offering a more effective approach for personalized TTFields treatment."
3125,brain tumour,39154600,Exploring the Trade-Off between generalist and specialized Models: A center-based comparative analysis for glioblastoma segmentation.,"Inherent variations between inter-center data can undermine the robustness of segmentation models when applied at a specific center (dataset shift). We investigated whether specialized center-specific models are more effective compared to generalist models based on multi-center data, and how center-specific data could enhance the performance of generalist models within a particular center using a fine-tuning transfer learning approach. For this purpose, we studied the dataset shift at center level and conducted a comparative analysis to assess the impact of data source on glioblastoma segmentation models."
3126,brain tumour,39154562,Primary mismatch repair-deficient IDH-mutant astrocytoma in child: Unusual entity.,"""Primary Mismatch Repair-Deficient IDH-mutant Astrocytoma"" (PMMRDIA) is a newly identified high-grade glioma with a poor prognosis. It has not been officially recognized as a distinct entity in the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors 2021, making its diagnosis challenging."
3127,brain tumour,39154372,Multifraction stereotactic radiotherapy utilizing inhomogeneous dose distribution for brainstem metastases: a single-center retrospective analysis.,"Brainstem metastases are challenging to manage owing to the critical neurological structures involved. Although stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) offers targeted high doses while minimizing damage to adjacent normal tissues, the optimal dose fractionation remains undefined. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of multifraction SRT with an inhomogeneous dose distribution. This retrospective study included 31 patients who underwent 33 treatments for 35 brainstem lesions using linear accelerator-based multifraction SRT (30 Gy in five fractions, 35 Gy in five fractions or 42 Gy in 10 fractions) with an inhomogeneous dose distribution (median isodose, 51.9%). The outcomes of interest were local failure, toxicity and symptomatic failure. The median follow-up time after brainstem SRT for a lesion was 18.6 months (interquartile range, 10.0-24.3 months; range, 1.8-39.0 months). Grade 2 toxicities were observed in two lesions, and local failure occurred in three lesions. No grade 3 or higher toxicities were observed. The 1-year local and symptomatic failure rates were 8.8 and 16.7%, respectively. Toxicity was observed in two of seven treatments with a gross tumor volume (GTV) greater than 1 cc, whereas no toxicity was observed in treatments with a GTV less than 1 cc. No clear association was observed between the biologically effective dose of the maximum brainstem dose and the occurrence of toxicity. Our findings indicate that multifraction SRT with an inhomogeneous dose distribution offers a favorable balance between local control and toxicity in brainstem metastases. Larger multicenter studies are needed to validate these results and determine the optimal dose fractionation."
3128,brain tumour,39154303,MAPK pathway alterations in polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young: diagnostic considerations.,"Polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY) is a recently recognised tumor type with indolent behaviour with characteristic imaging and histomolecular features. We describe the clinical, imaging, histo-molecular features of 15 cases diagnosed as low-grade glioma suggestive of PLNTY, over a period of 3 years. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation were used to assess molecular alterations. The tumors were seen predominantly in children (range 5-65 years). Most of the patients presented with history of seizures. Imaging revealed cortical-subcortical well demarcated solid-cystic tumor with intratumoral calcification. Histopathology revealed a low-grade tumor with oligodendroglia-Iike cells admixed with astrocytic cells immunopositive for CD34. BRAF p.V600E mutations and FGFR2 breakapart were observed in six cases each, while three showed FGFR3 breakapart. FGFR2 breakapart positive PLNTY were seen in children exclusively. The majority of cases were seizure free post-surgery, except two patients who succumbed to the illness. PLNTY, needs to be considered as a prime differential diagnosis in a solid-cystic tumor in a young patient with history of seizures. Characteristic clinical features, radiology, histomorphology with an IHC panel of OLIG2, GFAP and CD34 correlates with one of the MAPK alterations in PLNTY (BRAF p.V600E, FGFR2/3 gene rearrangement). In a resource limited setting, this limited panel may be sufficient for a correlative diagnosis."
3129,brain tumour,39154039,Beyond hand-crafted features for pretherapeutic molecular status identification of pediatric low-grade gliomas.,"The use of targeted agents in the treatment of pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) relies on the determination of molecular status. It has been shown that genetic alterations in pLGG can be identified non-invasively using MRI-based radiomic features or convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We aimed to build and assess a combined radiomics and CNN non-invasive pLGG molecular status identification model. This retrospective study used the tumor regions, manually segmented from T2-FLAIR MR images, of 336 patients treated for pLGG between 1999 and 2018. We designed a CNN and Random Forest radiomics model, along with a model relying on a combination of CNN and radiomic features, to predict the genetic status of pLGG. Additionally, we investigated whether CNNs could predict radiomic feature values from MR images. The combined model (mean AUC: 0.824) outperformed the radiomics model (0.802) and CNN (0.764). The differences in model performance were statistically significant (p-values < 0.05). The CNN was able to learn predictive radiomic features such as surface-to-volume ratio (average correlation: 0.864), and difference matrix dependence non-uniformity normalized (0.924) well but was unable to learn others such as run-length matrix variance (- 0.017) and non-uniformity normalized (- 0.042). Our results show that a model relying on both CNN and radiomic-based features performs better than either approach separately in differentiating the genetic status of pLGGs, and that CNNs are unable to express all handcrafted features."
3130,brain tumour,39154028,Racial and social-economic inequalities in systemic chemotherapy use among adult glioblastoma patients following surgery and radiotherapy.,"Not all patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) eligible for systemic chemotherapy after upfront surgery and radiotherapy finally receive it. The information on patients with GBM was retrieved from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. Patients who underwent upfront surgery or biopsy and external beam radiotherapy between 2010 and 2019 were eligible for systemic chemotherapy. The available patient and tumor characteristics were assessed using multivariable logistic regression and chi-squared test. Out of the 16,682 patients eligible, 92.1% underwent systemic chemotherapy. The characteristics linked to the lowest systemic chemotherapy utilization included tumors of the brain stem/cerebellum (P = 0.01), former years of diagnosis (P = 0.001), ≥ 80 years of age (P < 0.001), Hispanic, Non-Hispanic Asian, Pacific Islander, or Black race (P < 0.001), non-partnered status (P < 0.001), and low median household income (P = 0.006). Primary tumor site, year of diagnosis, age, race, partnered status, and median household income correlated with the omission of systemic chemotherapy in GBM in adult patients."
3131,brain tumour,39153914,Pyrimidine compounds BY4003 and BY4008 inhibit glioblastoma cells growth via modulating JAK3/STAT3 signaling pathway.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a brain tumor characterized by its aggressive and invasive properties. It is found that STAT3 is abnormally activated in GBM, and inhibiting STAT3 signaling can effectively suppress tumor progression. In this study, novel pyrimidine compounds, BY4003 and BY4008, were synthesized to target the JAK3/STAT3 signaling pathway, and their therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of action were evaluated and compared with Tofacitinib in U251, A172, LN428 and patient-derived glioblastoma cells. The ADP-Glo™ kinase assay was utilized to assessed the inhibitory effects of BY4003 and BY4008 on JAK3, a crucial member of the JAK family. The results showed that both compounds significantly inhibited JAK3 enzyme activity, with IC"
3132,brain tumour,39153761,Unusual delayed postradiation vasculopathy mimicking tumour in an early adolescent with a remote history of metastatic medulloblastoma.,No abstract found
3133,brain tumour,39153708,MicroRNA-124-3p targets Sp1 transcription factor to regulate glioma progression in rats.,"Gliomas are the most prevalent malignancies of the central nervous system (CNS). Downregulation of microRNA‑124 (miR‑124) has been identified in glioma; however, its biological functions in glioma are not yet fully understood. Specificity protein 1 (SP1) is a type of transcription factor that is involved in cancer progression. In this study, we examined the targeting of Sp1 mRNA by miR-124-3p in a rat glioma model. After confirming and selecting the binding of Sp1 to miR-124 with the help of bioinformatics methods, adult male Wistar rats were used to induce glioma by microinjection of 1 × 10"
3134,brain tumour,39153669,Advancing glioblastoma treatment through iron metabolism: A focus on TfR1 and Ferroptosis innovations.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) represents a formidable challenge in oncology, characterized by aggressive proliferation and poor prognosis. Iron metabolism plays a critical player in GBM progression, with dysregulated iron uptake and utilization contributing to tumor growth and therapeutic resistance. Iron's pivotal role in DNA synthesis, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis underscores its significance in GBM pathogenesis. Elevated expression of iron transporters, such as transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), highlights the tumor's reliance on iron for survival. Innovative treatment strategies targeting iron dysregulation hold promise for overcoming therapeutic challenges in GBM management. Approaches such as iron chelation therapies, induction of ferroptosis to nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems exploit iron-dependent vulnerabilities, offering avenues for enhance treatment efficacy and improve patient outcomes. As research advances, understanding the complexities of iron-mediated carcinogenesis provides a foundation for developing precision medicine approaches tailored to combat GBM effectively. This review explores the intricate relationship between iron metabolism and GBM, elucidating its multifaceted implications and therapeutic opportunities. By consolidating the latest insights into iron metabolism in GBM, this review underscores its potential as a therapeutic target for improving patient care in combination with the standard of care approach."
3135,brain tumour,39153550,Shortening of telomere length may be associated with inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with bipolar disorder.,"Bipolar disorder (BD) is hypothesized to be associated with accelerated biological aging. Telomere length (TL) is a biomarker of aging, and although TL decreases with each cell division, the rate of telomere shortening may be affected by inflammation. We aimed to investigate whether TL is decreased in BD patients and to determine the association between TL and inflammatory markers in such patients."
3136,brain tumour,39153518,Inflammatory plasma profile in genetic symptomatic and presymptomatic Frontotemporal Dementia - A GENFI study.,"Inflammation has been proposed as a crucial player in neurodegeneration, including Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). A few studies on sporadic FTD lead to inconclusive results, whereas large studies on genetic FTD are lacking. The aim of this study is to determine cytokine and chemokine plasma circulating levels in a large cohort of genetic FTD, collected within the GENetic Frontotemporal dementia Initiative (GENFI)."
3137,brain tumour,39153336,Practice of neurosurgery on Saturn.,"The practice of neurosurgery on Saturn is almost identical to the one practiced on Earth. Because the art of practice of Medicine was transferred by homo sapiens sapiens ""exearthed"" 30 years ago from Earth to Saturn."
3138,brain tumour,39153335,To nap or not? Evidence from a meta-analysis of cohort studies of habitual daytime napping and health outcomes.,"Habitual daytime napping is a common behavioral and lifestyle practice in particular countries and is often considered part of a normal daily routine. However, recent evidence suggests that the health effects of habitual daytime napping are controversial. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to March 9, 2024, to synthesize cohort studies of napping and health outcome risk. A total of 44 cohort studies with 1,864,274 subjects aged 20-86 years (mean age 56.4 years) were included. Overall, habitual napping increased the risk of several adverse health outcomes, including all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, and cancer, and decreased the risk of cognitive impairment and sarcopenia. Individuals with a napping duration of 30 min or longer exhibited a higher risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disease, whereas those with napping durations less than 30 min had no significant risks. No significant differences in napping and health risks were observed for napping frequency, percentage of nappers, sample size, sex, age, body mass index, follow-up years, or comorbidity status. These findings indicate that individuals with a long napping duration should consider shortening their daily nap duration to 30 min or less."
3139,brain tumour,39153201,Protocol for the derivation of primary cancer stem cell lines from human ependymal tumors.,"Cancer stem cells (CSCs) established from surgical biopsies closely mimic the human context and can be used to investigate disease mechanisms, genetic fitness, and therapeutic evaluation. Here, we present a protocol for the derivation of primary patient-derived CSC lines from ependymal tumors. We describe the necessary steps, from surgical intervention and biopsy to the dissociation of ependymomas to derive cultures. We then detail procedures for cell line propagation and define the characteristics of these primary cancer cell lines. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Michealraj et al."
3140,brain tumour,39163468,Hemangioblastoma,"Hemangioblastomas are rare, benign, highly vascularized tumors classified as WHO grade 1, primarily affecting the central nervous system. They most commonly occur in the cerebellum, followed by the spinal cord and brainstem. These tumors can be sporadic or associated with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that predisposes individuals to various tumors. Approximately 45% of people with VHL disease develop CNS hemangioblastomas, and an estimated 20% of those with CNS hemangioblastomas have concurrent VHL disease. Hemangioblastomas are uncommon, representing 1% to 2.5% of all brain tumors and 2% to 10% of spinal cord tumors, typically manifesting between the ages of 30 and 60, with a slight male predominance. The clinical presentation of hemangioblastomas varies depending on their location and can significantly impact the quality of life. Cerebellar tumors often cause headaches, nausea, vomiting, and signs of increased intracranial pressure, while brainstem tumors can lead to motor and sensory deficits, ataxia, and potentially fatal hemorrhages. Spinal hemangioblastomas may result in localized pain, motor weakness, sensory disturbances, and bowel or bladder dysfunction. Diagnosis is primarily made through magnetic resonance imaging, which typically reveals a cystic mass with an enhancing mural nodule. The primary treatment is surgical resection, with preoperative embolization sometimes necessary due to the tumor's vascularity. Stereotactic radiosurgery and novel agents targeting vascular endothelial growth factor pathways are emerging treatments for multiple or surgically inaccessible tumors. The prognosis after surgery is generally favorable, with low recurrence rates of less than 25%, although regular follow-up is crucial, especially in patients with VHL disease."
3141,brain tumour,39153092,Navigating glioblastoma complexity: the interplay of neurotransmitters and chromatin.,"Glioblastoma is the most aggressive brain cancer with an unfavorable prognosis for patient survival. Glioma stem cells, a subpopulation of cancer cells, drive tumor initiation, self-renewal, and resistance to therapy and, together with the microenvironment, play a crucial role in glioblastoma maintenance and progression. Neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin have contrasting effects on glioblastoma development, stimulating or inhibiting its progression depending on the cellular context and through their action on glioma stem cells, perhaps changing the epigenetic landscape. Recent studies have revealed that serotonin and dopamine induce chromatin modifications related to transcriptional plasticity in the mammalian brain and possibly in glioblastoma; however, this topic still needs to be explored because of its potential implications for glioblastoma treatment. Also, it is essential to consider that neurotransmitters' effects depend on the tumor's microenvironment since it can significantly influence the response and behavior of cancer cells. This review examines the possible role of neurotransmitters as regulators of glioblastoma development, focusing on their impact on the chromatin of glioma stem cells."
3142,brain tumour,39153030,Comparative effectiveness of frame-based and mask-based Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery in brain metastases: A 509 patient meta-analysis.,"Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) is the primary treatment for patients with limited numbers of small brain metastases. Head fixation is usually performed with framed-based (FB) fixation; however, mask-based (MB) fixation has emerged as a less invasive alternative. A comparative meta-analysis between both approaches has not been performed."
3143,brain tumour,39152999,Diffusion-weighted MRI precisely predicts telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutation status in World Health Organization grade IV gliomas using a residual convolutional neural network.,Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (pTERT) mutation status plays a key role in making decisions and predicting prognoses for patients with World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV glioma. This study was conducted to assess the value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for predicting pTERT mutation status in WHO grade IV glioma.
3144,brain tumour,39152641,"The medical and functional burden of surviving childhood ependymoma: A population-based study in Ontario, Canada.","Few studies have characterized the burden of late effects among childhood ependymoma survivors. To address this gap, we examined these sequelae using real-world health services data in a population-based ependymoma survivor cohort."
3145,brain tumour,39152547,Factors affecting peripheral neuropathy induced by nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel in patients with pancreatic cancer.,Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major toxicity limiting the use of nab-paclitaxel (Nab-P) in treating patients with pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting CIPN using patient-reported outcome measures and the minimally invasive volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) technique.
3146,brain tumour,39152526,The unfolded protein response sensor PERK mediates mechanical stress-induced maturation of focal adhesion complexes in glioblastoma cells.,"Stiffening of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM) in glioblastoma promotes tumor progression. Previously, we discovered that protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) plays a role in glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) adaptation to matrix stiffness through PERK/FLNA-dependent F-actin remodeling. Here, we examined the involvement of PERK in detecting stiffness changes via focal adhesion complex (FAC) formation. Compared to control GSCs, PERK-deficient GSCs show decreased vinculin and tensin expression, while talin and integrin-β1 remain constant. Furthermore, vimentin was also reduced while tubulin increased, and a stiffness-dependent increase of the differentiation marker GFAP expression was absent in PERK-deficient GSCs. In conclusion, our study reveals a novel role for PERK in FAC formation during matrix stiffening, which is likely linked to its regulation of F-actin remodeling."
3147,brain tumour,39152508,Virtual reality: a game-changer in the diagnosis and surgical planning of astrocytoma grade III: a case report.,"In the dynamic realm of modern medicine, the advent of virtual reality technology heralds a transformative era, reshaping the contours of diagnosis and surgical planning with its immersive prowess. This study delves into the groundbreaking application of virtual reality in the intricate dance of neurosurgery, particularly spotlighting its role in the management of astrocytoma grade III-a cerebral challenge of significant complexity."
3148,brain tumour,39152244,FDA approves IDH1 and IDH2 inhibitor for brain cancer.,No abstract found
3149,brain tumour,39152110,Clinical utility of a blood based assay for the detection of IDH1.R132H-mutant gliomas.,"Glioma represents the most common central nervous system neoplasm in adults. Current classification scheme utilizes molecular alterations, particularly IDH1.R132H, to stratify lesions into distinct prognostic groups. Identification of the single nucleotide variant through traditional tissue biopsy assessment poses procedural risks and does not fully reflect the heterogeneous and evolving tumor landscape. Here, we introduce a liquid biopsy assay, mt-IDH1"
3150,brain tumour,39151813,Neuroprotective effects of Aframomum pruinosum seed extract against stroke in rat: Role of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.,Stroke is a major cause of disability and neurological impairment worldwide. Effective prevention and management strategies are needed to reduce its burden. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of the seed ethanolic extract of Aframomum pruinosum (EEAP) on stroke and its related motor and cognitive deficits in rats.
3151,brain tumour,39151765,Utilization of Palliative Radiation in Pediatric Oncology Patients During the End-of-Life (EOL).,"Suffering at the end-of-life (EOL) can impact the perception of a ""good death"" and ultimately affect bereavement for families of children with cancer. Palliative radiation (pXRT) is a tool that can address pain, mitigate suffering and improve quality of life."
3152,brain tumour,39151650,Immune-based Machine learning Prediction of Diagnosis and Illness State in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder.,"Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder frequently face significant delay in diagnosis, leading to being missed or misdiagnosed in early stages. Both disorders have also been associated with trait and state immune abnormalities. Recent machine learning-based studies have shown encouraging results using diagnostic biomarkers in predictive models, but few have focused on immune-based markers. Our main objective was to develop supervised machine learning models to predict diagnosis and illness state in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder using only a panel of peripheral kynurenine metabolites and cytokines."
3153,brain tumour,39151649,Reduced plasma interleukin-6 concentration after transcranial direct current stimulation to the prefrontal cortex.,"Transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS) targeted to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) reduces food intake and hunger, but its effects on circulating factors are unclear. We assessed the effect of repeated administration of tDCS to the left DLPFC (L-DLPFC) on concentrations of pro/anti-inflammatory and appetitive hormone concentrations."
3154,brain tumour,39151374,Contamination of the traditional medicine Radix Dipsaci with aflatoxin B1 impairs hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function in a mouse model of osteoporosis.,"Aflatoxin B1, which can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and kill neural cells, can contaminate traditional herbal medicines, posing a significant risk to human health. The present study examined cellular, cognitive and behavioral consequences of aflatoxin B1 contamination of the anti-osteoporotic medicine Radix Dipsaci."
3155,brain tumour,39151281,Central nervous system metastases in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A review of the therapeutic landscape.,"Up to 40% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) develop central nervous system (CNS) metastases. Current treatments for this subgroup of patients with advanced NSCLC include local therapies (surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, and, less frequently, whole-brain radiotherapy), targeted therapies for oncogene-addicted NSCLC (small molecules, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugates), and immune checkpoint inhibitors (as monotherapy or combination therapy), with multiple new drugs in development. However, confirming the intracranial activity of these treatments has proven to be challenging, given that most lung cancer clinical trials exclude patients with untreated and/or progressing CNS metastases, or do not include prespecified CNS-related endpoints. Here we review progress in the treatment of patients with CNS metastases originating from NSCLC, examining local treatment options, systemic therapies, and multimodal therapeutic strategies. We also consider challenges regarding assessment of treatment response and provide thoughts around future directions for managing CNS disease in patients with advanced NSCLC."
3156,brain tumour,39151069,"Contralateral Transmaxillary Corridor Used in Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Resecting Adenoma Invading the Retrocarotid Area of the Cavernous Sinus and Beyond: Surgical Anatomy, Patient Selection Algorithm, and Illustrative Cases.","The cavernous internal carotid artery (cICA) and its branches can make it challenging to approach the lateral portion of the retrocarotid area of the cavernous sinus (RcACS) and surrounding areas during the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA). This can sometimes require more invasive transcranial approaches, causing a higher risk of complications. We sought to explore the feasibility of adding a contralateral transmaxillary (CTM) corridor to improve access to the RcACS during EEA."
3157,brain tumour,39150724,Dietary glycation compounds - implications for human health.,"The term ""glycation compounds"" comprises a wide range of structurally diverse compounds that are formed endogenously and in food "
3158,brain tumour,39150676,Potential of Natural Products in the Treatment of Glioma: Focus on Molecular Mechanisms.,"Despite the waning of traditional treatments for glioma due to possible long-term issues, the healing possibilities of substances derived from nature have been reignited in the scientific community. These natural substances, commonly found in fruits and vegetables, are considered potential alternatives to pharmaceuticals, as they have been shown in prior research to impact pathways surrounding cancer progression, metastases, invasion, and resistance. This review will explore the supposed molecular mechanisms of different natural components, such as berberine, curcumin, coffee, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, quercetin, tanshinone, silymarin, coumarin, and lycopene, concerning glioma treatment. While the benefits of a balanced diet containing these compounds are widely recognized, there is considerable scope for investigating the efficacy of these natural products in treating glioma."
3159,brain tumour,39150595,Harnessing Deep Learning for Accurate Pathological Assessment of Brain Tumor Cell Types.,"Primary diffuse central nervous system large B-cell lymphoma (CNS-pDLBCL) and high-grade glioma (HGG) often present similarly, clinically and on imaging, making differentiation challenging. This similarity can complicate pathologists' diagnostic efforts, yet accurately distinguishing between these conditions is crucial for guiding treatment decisions. This study leverages a deep learning model to classify brain tumor pathology images, addressing the common issue of limited medical imaging data. Instead of training a convolutional neural network (CNN) from scratch, we employ a pre-trained network for extracting deep features, which are then used by a support vector machine (SVM) for classification. Our evaluation shows that the Resnet50 (TL + SVM) model achieves a 97.4% accuracy, based on tenfold cross-validation on the test set. These results highlight the synergy between deep learning and traditional diagnostics, potentially setting a new standard for accuracy and efficiency in the pathological diagnosis of brain tumors."
3160,brain tumour,39150564,Remote Neuroinflammation in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Correlates with Unfavorable Clinical Outcome.,"Current therapy strategies still provide only limited success in the treatment of glioblastoma, the most frequent primary brain tumor in adults. In addition to the characterization of the tumor microenvironment, global changes in the brain of patients with glioblastoma have been described. However, the impact and molecular signature of neuroinflammation distant of the primary tumor site have not yet been thoroughly elucidated."
3161,brain tumour,39150454,Boost Infiltration and Activity of T Cells via Inhibiting Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) Immune Checkpoint to Enhance Glioblastoma Immunotherapy.,"The currently available immune checkpoint therapy shows a disappointing therapeutic efficacy for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and it is of great importance to discover better immune checkpoints and develop innovative targeting strategies. The discovered metabolic immune checkpoint ecto-5-nucleotidase (CD73) in a tumor contributes to its immune evasion due to the dysregulation of extracellular adenosine (ADO), which significantly inhibits the function of antitumor T cells and increases the activity of immunosuppressive cells. Herein, we drastically inhibit the expression of CD73 to reduce the production of ADO by using versatile Au@Cu"
3162,brain tumour,39149873,NRBP1 promotes malignant phenotypes of glioblastoma by regulating PI3K/Akt activation.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive of intracranial gliomas. Despite the maximal treatment intervention, the median survival rate is still about 14-16 months. Nuclear receptor-binding protein 1 (NRBP1) has a potential growth-promoting role on biology function of cells. In this study, we investigated whether NRBP1 promotes GBM malignant phenotypes and the potential mechanisms."
3163,brain tumour,39149345,Get to know your neighbors with a SNAQ,"Analyzing the local microenvironment of tumor cells can provide significant insights into their complex interactions with their cellular surroundings, including immune cells. By quantifying the prevalence and distances of certain immune cells in the vicinity of tumor cells through a neighborhood analysis, patterns may emerge that indicate specific associations between cell populations. Such analyses can reveal important aspects of tumor-immune dynamics, which may inform therapeutic strategies. This method enables an in-depth exploration of spatial interactions among different cell types, which is crucial for research in oncology, immunology, and developmental biology."
3164,brain tumour,39149316,Scalable spatial single-cell transcriptomics and translatomics in 3D thick tissue blocks.,"Characterizing the transcriptional and translational gene expression patterns at the single-cell level within their three-dimensional (3D) tissue context is essential for revealing how genes shape tissue structure and function in health and disease. However, most existing spatial profiling techniques are limited to 5-20 μm thin tissue sections. Here, we developed Deep-STARmap and Deep-RIBOmap, which enable 3D "
3165,brain tumour,39149067,Mechanism of Yishen Chuchan decoction intervention of Parkinson's disease based on network pharmacology and experimental verification.,"The incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) rises rapidly with the increase of age. With the advent of global aging, the number of patients with PD is rising along with the elderly population, especially in China. Previously, we found that Yishen chuchan decoction (YCD), prescribed based on clinical experience, has the potential of alleviating symptoms, delaying the progression, and controlling the development of PD. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanistic role is yet to be explored."
3166,brain tumour,39148542,"Naringin and temozolomide combination suppressed the growth of glioblastoma cells by promoting cell apoptosis: network pharmacology, ",
3167,brain tumour,39148521,Advances in diffuse glioma assessment: preoperative and postoperative applications of chemical exchange saturation transfer.,"Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) is a technique that uses specific off-resonance saturation pulses to pre-saturate targeted substances. This process influences the signal intensity of free water, thereby indirectly providing information about the pre-saturated substance. Among the clinical applications of CEST, Amide Proton Transfer (APT) is currently the most well-established. APT can be utilized for the preoperative grading of gliomas. Tumors with higher APTw signals generally indicate a higher likelihood of malignancy. In predicting preoperative molecular typing, APTw values are typically lower in tumors with favorable molecular phenotypes, such as isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations, compared to IDH wild-type tumors. For differential diagnosis, the average APTw values of meningiomas are significantly lower than those of high-grade gliomas. Various APTw measurement indices assist in distinguishing central nervous system lesions with similar imaging features, such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, central nervous system lymphoma, solitary brain metastases, and glioblastoma. Regarding prognosis, APT effectively differentiates between tumor recurrence and treatment effects, and also possesses predictive capabilities for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS)."
3168,brain tumour,39148489,The emerging field of viroimmunotherapy for pediatric brain tumors.,"Pediatric brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children. Even to date, with the advances in multimodality therapeutic management, survival outcomes remain dismal in some types of tumors, such as pediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas or central nervous system embryonal tumors. Failure to understand the complex molecular heterogeneity and the elusive tumor and microenvironment interplay continues to undermine therapeutic efficacy. Developing a strategy that would improve survival for these fatal tumors remains unmet in pediatric neuro-oncology. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as a feasible, safe, and promising therapy for brain tumors. The new paradigm in virotherapy implies that the direct cytopathic effect is followed, under certain circumstances, by an antitumor immune response responsible for the partial or complete debulking of the tumor mass. OVs alone or combined with other therapeutic modalities have been primarily used in adult neuro-oncology. A surge in encouraging preclinical studies in pediatric brain tumor models recently led to the clinical translation of OVs with encouraging results in these tumors. In this review, we summarize the different virotherapy tested in preclinical and clinical studies in pediatric brain tumors, and we discuss the limitations and future avenues necessary to improve the response of these tumors to this type of therapy."
3169,brain tumour,39148319,Unravelling the mosaic: Epigenetic diversity in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumour. Despite decades of intensive research in the disease, its prognosis remains poor, with an average survival of only 14 months after diagnosis. The remarkable level of intra- and interpatient heterogeneity is certainly contributing to the lack of progress in tackling this tumour. Epigenetic dysregulation plays an important role in glioblastoma biology and significantly contributes to intratumour heterogeneity. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that it also contributes to intertumour heterogeneity, which historically had mainly been linked to diverse genetic events occurring in different patients. In this review, we explore how DNA methylation, chromatin remodelling, microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation, and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) alterations contribute to intertumour heterogeneity in glioblastoma, including its implications for advanced tumour stratification, which is the essential first step for developing more effective patient-specific therapeutic approaches."
3170,brain tumour,39148143,Pan-cancer proteogenomic landscape of whole-genome doubling reveals putative therapeutic targets in various cancer types.,No abstract found
3171,brain tumour,39148129,Distinct tumor-TAM interactions in IDH-stratified glioma microenvironments unveiled by single-cell and spatial transcriptomics.,"Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) residing in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are characterized by their pivotal roles in tumor progression, antitumor immunity, and TME remodeling. However, a thorough comparative characterization of tumor-TAM crosstalk across IDH-defined categories of glioma remains elusive, likely contributing to mixed outcomes in clinical trials. We delineated the phenotypic heterogeneity of TAMs across IDH-stratified gliomas. Notably, two TAM subsets with a mesenchymal phenotype were enriched in IDH-WT glioblastoma (GBM) and correlated with poorer patient survival and reduced response to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). We proposed SLAMF9 receptor as a potential therapeutic target. Inference of gene regulatory networks identified PPARG, ELK1, and MXI1 as master transcription factors of mesenchymal BMD-TAMs. Our analyses of reciprocal tumor-TAM interactions revealed distinct crosstalk in IDH-WT tumors, including ANXA1-FPR1/3, FN1-ITGAVB1, VEGFA-NRP1, and TNFSF12-TNFRSF12A with known contribution to immunosuppression, tumor proliferation, invasion and TAM recruitment. Spatially resolved transcriptomics further elucidated the architectural organization of highlighted communications. Furthermore, we demonstrated significant upregulation of ANXA1, FN1, NRP1, and TNFRSF12A genes in IDH-WT tumors using bulk RNA-seq and RT-qPCR. Longitudinal expression analysis of candidate genes revealed no difference between primary and recurrent tumors indicating that the interactive network of malignant states with TAMs does not drastically change upon recurrence. Collectively, our study offers insights into the unique cellular composition and communication of TAMs in glioma TME, revealing novel vulnerabilities for therapeutic interventions in IDH-WT GBM."
3172,brain tumour,39147926,Cocaine-derived hippuric acid activates mtDNA-STING signaling in alcoholic liver disease: Implications for alcohol and cocaine co-abuse.,"The simultaneous abuse of alcohol-cocaine is known to cause stronger and more unpredictable cellular damage in the liver, heart, and brain. However, the mechanistic crosstalk between cocaine and alcohol in liver injury remains unclear. The findings revealed cocaine-induced liver injury and inflammation in both marmosets and mice. Of note, co-administration of cocaine and ethanol in mice causes more severe liver damage than individual treatment. The metabolomic analysis confirmed that hippuric acid (HA) is the most abundant metabolite in marmoset serum after cocaine consumption and that is formed in primary marmoset hepatocytes. HA, a metabolite of cocaine, increases mitochondrial DNA leakage and subsequently increases the production of proinflammatory factors via STING signaling in Kupffer cells (KCs). In addition, conditioned media of cocaine-treated KC induced hepatocellular necrosis via alcohol-induced TNFR1. Finally, disruption of STING signaling in vivo ameliorated co-administration of alcohol- and cocaine-induced liver damage and inflammation. These findings postulate intervention of HA-STING-TNFR1 axis as a novel strategy for treatment of alcohol- and cocaine-induced excessive liver damage."
3173,brain tumour,39147889,Interactive Multi-scale Fusion: Advancing Brain Tumor Detection Through Trans-IMSM Model.,"Multi-modal medical image (MI) fusion assists in generating collaboration images collecting complement features through the distinct images of several conditions. The images help physicians to diagnose disease accurately. Hence, this research proposes a novel multi-modal MI fusion modal named guided filter-based interactive multi-scale and multi-modal transformer (Trans-IMSM) fusion approach to develop high-quality computed tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (CT-MRI) fused images for brain tumor detection. This research utilizes the CT and MRI brain scan dataset to gather the input CT and MRI images. At first, the data preprocessing is carried out to preprocess these input images to improve the image quality and generalization ability for further analysis. Then, these preprocessed CT and MRI are decomposed into detail and base components utilizing the guided filter-based MI decomposition approach. This approach involves two phases: such as acquiring the image guidance and decomposing the images utilizing the guided filter. A canny operator is employed to acquire the image guidance comprising robust edge for CT and MRI images, and the guided filter is applied to decompose the guidance and preprocessed images. Then, by applying the Trans-IMSM model, fuse the detail components, while a weighting approach is used for the base components. The fused detail and base components are subsequently processed through a gated fusion and reconstruction network, and the final fused images for brain tumor detection are generated. Extensive tests are carried out to compute the Trans-IMSM method's efficacy. The evaluation results demonstrated the robustness and effectiveness, achieving an accuracy of 98.64% and an SSIM of 0.94."
3174,brain tumour,39147758,Astrocytes and the tumor microenvironment inflammatory state dictate the killing of glioblastoma cells by Smac mimetic compounds.,"Smac mimetic compounds (SMCs) are small molecule drugs that sensitize cancer cells to TNF-α-induced cell death and have multiple immunostimulatory effects through alterations in NF-κB signaling. The combination of SMCs with immunotherapies has been reported to result in durable cures of up to 40% in syngeneic, orthotopic murine glioblastoma (GBM) models. Herein, we find that SMC resistance is not due to a cell-intrinsic mechanism of resistance. We thus evaluated the contribution of GBM and brain stromal components to identify parameters leading to SMC efficacy and resistance. The common physiological features of GBM tumors, such as hypoxia, hyaluronic acid, and glucose deprivation were found not to play a significant role in SMC efficacy. SMCs induced the death of microglia and macrophages, which are the major immune infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment. This death of microglia and macrophages then enhances the ability of SMCs to induce GBM cell death. Conversely, astrocytes promoted GBM cell growth and abrogated the ability of SMCs to induce death of GBM cells. The astrocyte-mediated resistance can be overcome in the presence of exogenous TNF-α. Overall, our results highlight that SMCs can induce death of microglia and macrophages, which then provides a source of death ligands for GBM cells, and that the targeting of astrocytes is a potential mechanism for overcoming SMC resistance for the treatment of GBM."
3175,brain tumour,39147243,Neuroprotective effects of GPR68 against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via the NF-κB/Hif-1α pathway.,"G protein-coupled receptor 68 (GPR68), an orphan receptor, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for mitigating neuronal inflammation and oxidative damage. This study explores the protective mechanisms of GPR68 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI)."
3176,brain tumour,39147022,"Optimizing Surgical Outcomes for Intracranial Epidermoid Tumors: A Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Predictors, Surgical Decisions, and Patient Clustering.","Intracranial epidermoid tumors (ETs) are rare, benign lesions that present significant challenges in neurosurgical management due to their propensity to encase vital neurovascular structures. We aimed to evaluate the impact of clinical, demographic, and tumor-specific factors on surgical decisions (gross total resection [GTR] vs. subtotal resection [STR]) and outcomes and identify patient clusters with distinct profiles and outcomes post-resection."
3177,brain tumour,39146874,Changes in the overall survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the era of immune-checkpoint inhibitors.,"The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has brought about a significant transformation in the treatment of immunogenic tumors. On November 23, 2015, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved Nivolumab to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We aimed to assess potential changes in the survival rates of patients with metastatic RCC at a population level after the approval of Nivolumab."
3178,brain tumour,39146841,Enhancing targeted tumor treatment: A novel fuzzy logic framework for precision drug delivery strategy selection.,This study aims to address the challenge of selecting optimal drug delivery strategies for tumor patients by introducing a novel theoretical framework.
3179,brain tumour,39146779,Bacillus coagulans BACO-17 ameliorates in vitro and in vivo progression of Rheumatoid arthritis.,"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes persistent inflammation involving the joints, cartilage, and synovium. In individuals with RA, alterations in the composition of intestinal bacteria suggest the vital role of gut microbiota in immune dysfunction. Multiple therapies commonly used to treat RA can also alter the diversity of gut microbiota, further suggesting the modulation of gut microbiota as a prevention or treatment for RA. Therefore, a better understanding of the changes in the gut microbiota that accompany RA should facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches. In this study, B. coagulans BACO-17 not only significantly reduced paw swelling, arthritis scores, and hind paw and forepaw thicknesses but also protected articular cartilage and the synovium against RA degeneration, with a corresponding downregulation of TNF-α expression. The inhibition or even reversing of RA progression highlights B. coagulans BACO-17 as a novel therapeutic for RA worth investigating."
3180,brain tumour,39146701,BrainSegFounder: Towards 3D foundation models for neuroimage segmentation.,"The burgeoning field of brain health research increasingly leverages artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze and interpret neuroimaging data. Medical foundation models have shown promise of superior performance with better sample efficiency. This work introduces a novel approach towards creating 3-dimensional (3D) medical foundation models for multimodal neuroimage segmentation through self-supervised training. Our approach involves a novel two-stage pretraining approach using vision transformers. The first stage encodes anatomical structures in generally healthy brains from the large-scale unlabeled neuroimage dataset of multimodal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images from 41,400 participants. This stage of pertaining focuses on identifying key features such as shapes and sizes of different brain structures. The second pretraining stage identifies disease-specific attributes, such as geometric shapes of tumors and lesions and spatial placements within the brain. This dual-phase methodology significantly reduces the extensive data requirements usually necessary for AI model training in neuroimage segmentation with the flexibility to adapt to various imaging modalities. We rigorously evaluate our model, BrainSegFounder, using the Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) challenge and Anatomical Tracings of Lesions After Stroke v2.0 (ATLAS v2.0) datasets. BrainSegFounder demonstrates a significant performance gain, surpassing the achievements of the previous winning solutions using fully supervised learning. Our findings underscore the impact of scaling up both the model complexity and the volume of unlabeled training data derived from generally healthy brains. Both of these factors enhance the accuracy and predictive capabilities of the model in neuroimage segmentation tasks. Our pretrained models and code are at https://github.com/lab-smile/BrainSegFounder."
3181,brain tumour,39146579,Focused ultrasound blood-brain barrier disruption in high-grade gliomas: Scoping review of clinical studies.,"This scoping review aims to comprehensively review the available literature on the safety and efficacy of focused ultrasound (FUS) for blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD) in patients with high-grade gliomas, including glioblastoma (GBM). High-grade gliomas pose significant challenges in neuro-oncology due to their aggressiveness and intricate location, often limiting the efficacy of traditional treatments. FUS offers a promising approach by transiently disrupting the blood-brain barrier, thereby facilitating enhanced drug delivery to tumor cells while minimizing systemic side effects."
3182,brain tumour,39146578,Neurosurgery in the elderly: Findings from a cohort in the Philippines.,"Better living conditions and health care advancements have improved life expectancy worldwide, increasing the number of older patients who require neurosurgery. We would like to report our experience with geriatric neurosurgical patients at our institution."
3183,brain tumour,39146187,Protocol for in vitro evaluation of effects of stiffness on patient-derived glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal type of primary brain tumor. Physiologically, GBM cells experience a heterogeneous mechanical landscape. Here, we present an in vitro method to study the effects of tissue stiffness on patient-derived GBM that utilizes hyaluronic acid (HA)-based, mechanically tunable scaffolds for three-dimensional (3D) culture of patient-derived GBM spheroids. We describe steps to fabricate and characterize HA-based scaffolds, culture GBM spheroids within 3D hydrogel scaffolds, and prepare cultured cells for a variety of experimental assessments. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Sohrabi et al."
3184,brain tumour,39146023,Combination of locoregional radiotherapy with a TIM-3 aptamer improves survival in diffuse midline glioma models.,"Pediatric diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) with altered H3-K27M are aggressive brain tumors that arise during childhood. Despite advances in genomic knowledge and the significant number of clinical trials testing new targeted therapies, patient outcomes are still poor. Immune checkpoint blockades with small molecules, such as aptamers, are opening new therapeutic options that represent hope for this orphan disease. Here, we demonstrated that a TIM-3 aptamer (TIM-3 Apt) as monotherapy increased the immune infiltration and elicited a strong specific immune response with a tendency to improve the overall survival of treated DMG-bearing mice. Importantly, combining TIM-3 Apt with radiotherapy increased the overall median survival and led to long-term survivor mice in 2 pediatric DMG orthotopic murine models. Interestingly, TIM-3 Apt administration increased the number of myeloid populations and the proinflammatory CD8-to-Tregs ratios in the tumor microenvironment as compared with nontreated groups after radiotherapy. Importantly, the depletion of T cells led to a major loss of the therapeutic effect achieved by the combination. This work uncovers TIM-3 targeting as an immunotherapy approach to improve the radiotherapy outcome in DMGs and offers a strong foundation for propelling a phase I clinical trial using radiotherapy and TIM-3 blockade combination as a treatment for these tumors."
3185,brain tumour,39145962,Lazertinib in EGFR-Variant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With CNS Failure to Prior EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.,"EGFR-variant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with a high rate of central nervous system (CNS) metastases, even with treatment with first-generation or second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)."
3186,brain tumour,39145916,"""Evaluating surgical approaches for Rathke's cleft cysts and sellar meningiomas: factors influencing treatment of choice"".","This study reviews recent progress in the surgical treatment of Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs) and Sellar region meningiomas, based on findings from three key studies. RCCs are benign, fluid-filled remnants from pituitary gland development that are usually asymptomatic and found by chance. However, surgical intervention is needed when they become symptomatic or increase in size. Research by Stefan Linsler et al. and others examines various surgical methods, including transcranial keyhole and transsphenoidal techniques for RCCs, and endoscopic endonasal and supraorbital keyhole approaches for Sellar meningiomas. The results show that both transcranial keyhole and transsphenoidal surgeries for RCCs have high success rates with no recurrences over 5.7 years, although the keyhole approach has fewer complications. For Sellar meningiomas, the choice between endoscopic endonasal and supraorbital keyhole techniques should be based on tumor characteristics, highlighting the importance of surgeon proficiency in both methods. These studies emphasize the need for personalized treatment strategies tailored to patient and tumor characteristics and highlight the importance of ongoing surgical skill development and further research to refine minimally invasive techniques. This study highlights the crucial role of personalized surgical approaches in improving outcomes for patients with RCCs and Sellar region meningiomas."
3187,brain tumour,39145885,Role of surgery in the treatment of pediatric low-grade glioma with various degrees of brain stem involvement.,Posterior fossa pediatric low-grade glioma involving the brainstem and cerebellar peduncles (BS-pLGG) are a subgroup with higher risks at surgery. We retrospectively analyzed the role of surgery in the interdisciplinary armamentarium of treatment options in our institutional series of BS-pLGG with various degrees of brainstem involvement.
3188,brain tumour,39145837,Gene Expression Profile Identifies LncRNA AL355974.3 As a Potential Glioma Biomarker.,"Glioma is a central nervous system tumor arising from glial cells. Despite significant advances in diagnosis and treatment, most patients with high-grade gliomas have a poor prognosis. Many studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play important roles in the development, progression and treatment of many tumors, including gliomas. Molecularly targeted therapy may be a new direction for the adjuvant treatment of glioma. Therefore, we hope that by studying differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) in glioma, we can discover lncRNAs that can serve as biomarkers for glioma and provide better therapeutic modalities for glioma patients."
3189,brain tumour,39145481,Albumin-Based Microneedles for Spatiotemporal Delivery of Temozolomide and Niclosamide to Resistant Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor. Standard therapy includes maximal surgical resection, radiotherapy, and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) administration. However, the rapid development of TMZ resistance and the impermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) significantly hinder the therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we developed spatiotemporally controlled microneedle patches (BMNs) loaded with TMZ and niclosamide (NIC) to overcome GBM resistance. We found that hyaluronic acid (HA) increased the viscosity of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and evidenced that concentrations of BSA/HA exert an impact degradation rates exposure to high-temperature treatment, showing that the higher BSA/HA concentrations result in slower drug release. To optimize drug release rates and ensure synergistic antitumor effects, a 15% BSA/HA solution constituting the bottoms of BMNs was chosen to load TMZ, showing sustained drug release for over 28 days, guaranteeing long-term DNA damage in TMZ-resistant cells (U251-TR). Needle tips made from 10% BSA/HA solution loaded with NIC released the drug within 14 days, enhancing TMZ's efficacy by inhibiting the activity of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). BMNs exhibit superior mechanical properties, bypass the BBB, and gradually release the drug into the tumor periphery, thus significantly inhibiting tumor proliferation and expanding median survival in mice. The on-demand delivery of BMNs patches shows a strong translational potential for clinical applications, particularly in synergistic GBM treatment."
3190,brain tumour,39145092,Brain stem angioleiomyoma mimicking meningioma: a case report.,"Angioleiomyoma is a benign lesion of mesenchymal origin, which always occurs in the uterine system. Pathologically, angioleiomyoma is usually composed of well-differentiated smooth muscle cells with few mitotic features. However, primary intracranial angioleiomyoma represents an exceedingly rare tumor, since the first case reported in 1994."
3191,brain tumour,39145022,Association of M2 macrophages with EMT in glioma identified through combination of multi-omics and machine learning.,"The incidence of glioma, a prevalent brain malignancy, is increasing, particularly among the elderly population. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical importance of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in gliomas and its association with malignancy and prognosis."
3192,brain tumour,39144859,Intracranial Cysts: A Single-Institution Experience With 27 Surgically Managed Cases.,"Introduction Intracranial cysts (ICs) are rare pathologies that are often found incidentally during radiological examinations. They may appear in various brain regions and are categorized as normal, congenital, traumatic, or tumor-associated variants. ICs can be asymptomatic or cause symptoms, such as headaches, visual impairments, or seizures, depending on their size and location. Severe complications include obstructive hydrocephalus, loss of consciousness, and intracranial bleeding. Surgical excision is the most accepted type of management in most ICs. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate 27 surgically managed ICs in a tertiary hospital focusing on their clinical, radiological, histopathological, surgical outcomes, and prognosis to enhance understanding and management of these rare, benign cysts. Methodology This retrospective cohort study included 27 surgically managed ICs with pathological confirmation in King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from May 2016 to May 2023. All extracranial and nonsurgically managed cysts have been excluded from this study. Data on demographics, clinical presentations, radiological features, surgical outcomes, and follow-up were retrospectively extracted and analyzed. MRI and CT scans were reviewed to determine cyst characteristics. Surgical outcomes and postoperative complications were recorded. Data were collected via Google Forms and analyzed using the JMP Pro software. Ethical approval was obtained from King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Results The study included 27 ICs: 11 (40.74%) colloid cysts, six (22.22%) epidermoid cysts, five (18.51%) adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas, two (7.40%) neuroepithelial cysts, and one each of Rathke's cleft cyst (3.70%), xanthogranuloma (3.70%), and dermoid cyst (3.70%). All 27 cases were surgically managed (100.00%), with gross total resection achieved in 14 (51.85%) cases. Only 12 cases (44.44%) did not develop any surgical complications. Twenty-two cases (81.48%) experienced an improvement in the preoperative presenting symptoms. During the follow-up, only three cases (11.11%) had evidence of recurrence. Conclusion This study analyzed 27 ICs of various histopathological types. Each type showed distinct clinical and radiological features. Surgical management generally improved preoperative symptoms with low mortality and recurrence rates, although complications were common. Identifying specific radiological features is crucial for an accurate preoperative diagnosis and optimal surgical outcomes."
3193,brain tumour,39144834,Repeated saline injections reduce the pulmonary allergic inflammatory response in rats by inducing short-term stress.,"Asthma is characterized by pulmonary cell infiltration and hyper-responsiveness of the airways. Short-term stress reduces airway inflammation. Thus, in the present study, we examined the effects of short-term stress induced by repeated treatment with saline injections on the pulmonary allergic inflammatory response in rats."
3194,brain tumour,39144267,Dose escalation with simultaneous integrated boost for un-methylated multiple glioblastoma.,"Simultaneous involvement of multiple distinct brain regions occurs in 2-5% of all high-grade gliomas (HGG) and is associated with poor prognosis. Whereas radiotherapy (RT) is an important and well-established treatment for high-grade glioma, the role of dose-escalated radiotherapy has yet to be established. In this case series, we report upon the dosimetry, adverse effects, and response in patients with multiple un-methylated high-grade gliomas receiving dose-escalated radiation."
3195,brain tumour,39144150,Glioblastoma in a paper industry worker exposed to high concentrations of formaldehyde: a case report.,"Formaldehyde was classified as a Group I Carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2006. While the IARC has stated that there is a lack of evidence that formaldehyde causes brain cancer, three meta-analyses have consistently reported a significantly higher risk of brain cancer in workers exposed to high levels of formaldehyde. Therefore, we report a case of a worker who was diagnosed with glioblastoma after being exposed to high concentrations of formaldehyde while working with formaldehyde resin in the paper industry."
3196,brain tumour,39144147,Targeted multiplex validation of CSF proteomic biomarkers: implications for differentiation of PCNSL from tumor-free controls and other brain tumors.,"Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that affects brain parenchyma, eyes, cerebrospinal fluid, and spinal cord. Diagnosing PCNSL can be challenging because imaging studies often show similar patterns as other brain tumors, and stereotactic brain lesion biopsy conformation is invasive and not always possible. This study aimed to validate a previous proteomic profiling (PMID: 32610669) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and develop a CSF-based proteomic panel for accurate PCNSL diagnosis and differentiation."
3197,brain tumour,39144048,Multiparametric simultaneous hybrid ,"Preoperative grading gliomas is essential for therapeutic clinical decision-making. Current non-invasive imaging modality for glioma grading were primarily focused on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or positron emission tomography (PET) of the tumor region. However, these methods overlook the peritumoral region (PTR) of tumor and cannot take full advantage of the biological information derived from hybrid-imaging. Therefore, we aimed to combine multiparameter from hybrid "
3198,brain tumour,39144024,Deep learning models for rapid discrimination of high-grade gliomas from solitary brain metastases using multi-plane T1-weighted contrast-enhanced (T1CE) images.,"High-grade gliomas (HGG) and solitary brain metastases (SBM) are two common types of brain tumors in middle-aged and elderly patients. HGG and SBM display a high degree of similarity on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. Consequently, differential diagnosis using preoperative MRI remains challenging. This study developed deep learning models that used pre-operative T1-weighted contrast-enhanced (T1CE) MRI images to differentiate between HGG and SBM before surgery."
3199,brain tumour,39144014,Fully automated classification of pulmonary nodules in positron emission tomography-computed tomography imaging using a two-stage multimodal learning approach.,"Lung cancer is a malignant tumor, for which pulmonary nodules are considered to be significant indicators. Early recognition and timely treatment of pulmonary nodules can contribute to improving the survival rate of patients with cancer. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) is a noninvasive, fusion imaging technique that can obtain both functional and structural information of lung regions. However, studies of pulmonary nodules based on computer-aided diagnosis have primarily focused on the nodule level due to a reliance on the annotation of nodules, which is superficial and unable to contribute to the actual clinical diagnosis. The aim of this study was thus to develop a fully automated classification framework for a more comprehensive assessment of pulmonary nodules in PET/CT imaging data."
3200,brain tumour,39143719,Changes in perfusion and permeability in glioblastoma model induced by the anti-angiogenic agents cediranib and thalidomide.,"The poor delivery of drugs to infiltrating tumor cells contributes to therapeutic failure in glioblastoma. During the early phase of an anti-angiogenic treatment, a remodeling of the tumor vasculature could occur, leading to a more functional vessel network that could enhance drug delivery. However, the restructuration of blood vessels could increase the proportion of normal endothelial cells that could be a barrier for the free diffusion of drugs. The net balance, in favor or not, of a better delivery of compounds during the course of an antiangiogenic treatment remains to be established. This study explored whether cediranib and thalidomide could modulate perfusion and vessel permeability in the brain U87 tumor mouse model."
3201,brain tumour,39143715,Length of phone use and glioma risk: a Mendelian randomization study.,No abstract found
3202,brain tumour,39143438,Exploring the prognostic value of BRMS1 + microglia based on single-cell anoikis regulator patterns in the immunologic microenvironment of GBM.,"Anoikis is a specialized form of programmed cell death induced by the loss of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Acquisition of anoikis resistance is a significant marker for cancer cell invasion, metastasis, therapy resistance, and recurrence. Although current research has identified multiple factors that regulate anoikis resistance, the pathological mechanisms of anoikis-mediated tumor microenvironment (TME) in glioblastoma (GBM) remain largely unexplored."
3203,brain tumour,39143379,Advances in the Treatment of Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas.,Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) often result in significant long-term morbidities despite high overall survival rates. This review aims to consolidate the current understanding of pLGG biology and molecular features and provide an overview of current and emerging treatment strategies.
3204,brain tumour,39143272,Comprehensive genetic profiling and molecularly guided treatment for patients with primary CNS tumors.,"Despite major advances in molecular profiling and classification of primary brain tumors, personalized treatment remains limited for most patients. Here, we explored the feasibility of individual molecular profiling and the efficacy of biomarker-guided therapy for adult patients with primary brain cancers in the real-world setting within the molecular tumor board Freiburg, Germany. We analyzed genetic profiles, personalized treatment recommendations, and clinical outcomes of 102 patients with 21 brain tumor types. Alterations in the cell cycle, BRAF, and mTOR pathways most frequently led to personalized treatment recommendations. Molecularly informed therapies were recommended in 71% and implemented in 32% of patients with completed molecular diagnostics. The disease control rate following targeted treatment was 50% and the overall response rate was 30%, with a progression-free survival 2/1 ratio of at least 1.3 in 31% of patients. This study highlights the efficacy of molecularly guided treatment and the need for biomarker-stratified trials in brain cancers."
3205,brain tumour,39143021,Study of Power Equivalent Continuous Approximation Based on the Recent Consensus Recommendations for Brain Tumor Imaging with Pulsed Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer at 3T.,"The quantitative analysis of pulsed-chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) using a full model-based method is computationally challenging, as it involves dealing with varying RF values in pulsed saturation. A power equivalent continuous approximation of B"
3206,brain tumour,39142829,Theranostic Intratumoral Convection-Enhanced Delivery of ,"Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a rare childhood malignancy with poor prognosis. There are no effective treatment options other than external beam therapy. We conducted a pilot, first-in-human study using "
3207,brain tumour,39142719,ALOX5 contributes to glioma progression by promoting 5-HETE-mediated immunosuppressive M2 polarization and PD-L1 expression of glioma-associated microglia/macrophages.,"Oxylipin metabolism plays an essential role in glioma progression and immune modulation in the tumor microenvironment. Lipid metabolic reprogramming has been linked to macrophage remodeling, while the understanding of oxylipins and their catalyzed enzymes lipoxygenases in the regulation of glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) remains largely unexplored."
3208,brain tumour,39142498,Suppressive immune microenvironment and CART therapy for glioblastoma: Future prospects and challenges.,"Glioblastoma, a highly malignant intracranial tumor, has acquired slow progress in treatment. Previous clinical trials involving targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown no significant benefits in treating glioblastoma. This ineffectiveness is largely due to the complex immunosuppressive environment of glioblastoma. Glioblastoma cells exhibit low immunogenicity and strong heterogeneity and the immune microenvironment is replete with inhibitory cytokines, numerous immunosuppressive cells, and insufficient effective T cells. Fortunately, recent Phase I clinical trials of CART therapy for glioblastoma have confirmed its safety, with a small subset of patients achieving survival benefits. However, CART therapy continues to face challenges, including blood-brain barrier obstruction, antigen loss, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). This article provides a detailed examination of glioblastoma's immune microenvironment, both from intrinsic and extrinsic tumor cell factors, reviews current clinical and basic research on multi-targets CART treatment, and concludes by outlining the key challenges in using CART cells for glioblastoma therapy."
3209,brain tumour,39142494,Serious Health-Related Suffering Impairs Treatments and Survival in Older Patients With Cancer.,"More than half of new cancer cases occurred in older adults. Older patients with cancer are particularly at risk of physical, psycho-existential or socio-familial suffering as defined by the concept of Serious Health-related Suffering (SHS)."
3210,brain tumour,39142444,RBM5 induces motor neuron apoptosis in hSOD1,"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder distinguished by gradual depletion of motor neurons. RNA binding motif protein 5 (RBM5), an abundantly expressed RNA-binding protein, plays a critical role in the process of cellular death. However, little is known about the role of RBM5 in the pathogenesis of ALS. Here, we found that RBM5 was upregulated in ALS hSOD1"
3211,brain tumour,39142423,"Retigabine, a potassium channel opener, restores thalamocortical neuron functionality in a murine model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis.","Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disease, whose primary hallmark is the occurrence of inflammatory lesions in white and grey matter structures. Increasing evidence in MS patients and respective murine models reported an impaired ionic homeostasis driven by inflammatory-demyelination, thereby profoundly affecting signal propagation. However, the impact of a focal inflammatory lesion on single-cell and network functionality has hitherto not been fully elucidated."
3212,brain tumour,39142313,Utility of MRI in the Outpatient Evaluation of Patients With Chronic Continuous or Recurrent Dizziness.,"This study aimed to assess the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in outpatient evaluation of patients with chronic continuous or recurrent dizziness (CCRD) and determine whether certain patient characteristics, symptoms, or examination findings are associated with diagnostic MRI findings."
3213,brain tumour,39142302,A cross-shaped terahertz metamaterial absorber for brain cancer detection.,"The article presents, for the first time, a terahertz metamaterial absorber (TMA) designed in the shape of a cross consisting of four orthogonally positioned horn-shaped patches in succession, to detect brain cancer cells. The design exhibits the property of mu-negative material, indicating magnetic resonance. The proposed TMA has achieved an impressive absorption rate of 99.43% at 2.334 THz and a high Q-factor of 47.15. The sensing capability has been investigated by altering the refractive index of the surrounding medium in the range of 1.3 to 1.48, resulting in a sensitivity of 0.502 THz/RIU. The proposed TMA exhibits complete polarization insensitivity, highlighting this as one of its advantageous features. The adequate sensing capability of the proposed TMA in differentiating normal and cancerous brain cells makes it a viable candidate for an early and efficient brain cancer detector. This research can be the foundation for future research on using THz radiation for brain cancer detection."
3214,brain tumour,39141316,Loss of histone deubiquitinase Bap1 triggers anti-tumor immunity.,"Immunotherapy using PD-L1 blockade is effective in only a small group of cancer patients, and resistance is common. This emphasizes the importance of understanding the mechanisms of cancer immune evasion and resistance."
3215,brain tumour,39141257,The role of progranulin in macrophages of a glioblastoma model.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), characterized by astrocytic tumorigenesis, remains one of the most prognostically challenging tumor types. Targeting entire GBM microenvironment using novel therapeutic factors is currently desired investigation approach. In this study, we focused on progranulin (PGRN), a regulator of diverse cellular functions. Recent studies implicated PGRN in the poor prognostics of GBM patients. However, the specific role of PGRN in the GBM microenvironment remains elusive."
3216,brain tumour,39141214,Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy for melanoma brain metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Melanoma brain metastases present a major challenge in cancer treatment and reduce overall survival despite advances in managing primary melanoma. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that target PD-1/PD-L1 pathways have shown promise in treating advanced melanoma, but their efficacy for melanoma brain metastases is debated. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarize evidence on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for melanoma brain metastases. This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines. PICO criteria targeted melanoma brain metastasis patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, assessing overall survival, progression-free survival, and complications. Inclusion criteria were English studies on humans using PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for melanoma brain metastases with > 10 patients. A total of 22 trials involving 1523 melanoma brain metastase patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were thoroughly analyzed. Our findings show the 6-month OS rate of 0.75 [95%CI:0.67-0.84], the 6-months PFS rate of 0.42 [95%CI:0.31-0.52], the 1-year OS rate of 0.63 [95%CI:0.52-0.74], the 1-year PFS rate was 0.45 [95%CI:0.32-0.58], the 18-months OS rate of 0.52 [95%CI:0.37-0.67], the 2-year OS rate of 50% [95% CI: (34%-65%)], the 2 year PFS rate of 0.36 (95%CI:0.23-0.50), the 3-year OS rate of 0.42 (95%CI:0.17-0.67), the 4-year PFS rate of 0.35 [95%CI:0.08-0.61], the 4-year OS rate of 0.29 [95%CI:0.01-0.56], the 5-year OS rate of 0.29 (95%CI:0.09-0.50), and the 5-year PFS rate of 0.11 (95%CI:0.03-0.19). The combined disease stability rate was 0.13 [95%CI:0.05-0.20], the progressive disease rate was 0.49 [95%CI:0.37-0.62], the partial response rate was 0.14 [95%CI:0.07-0.20], the object response rate was 0.35 [95%CI:0.24-0.46], and the complete response rate was 0.22 [95%CI:0.12-0.32]. In conclusion, our meta-analysis provides compelling evidence supporting the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with melanoma brain tumors, as evidenced by favorable survival outcomes and disease control rates."
3217,brain tumour,39141205,"""Intrasellar tumor-to-tumor metastasis: A single center experience with a systematic review"".","This study investigates the rare occurrence of tumor-to-tumor metastasis in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (PitNETs), also known as pituitary adenomas, aiming to enhance understanding of its diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report two cases from our institution of tumor-to-tumor metastasis involving PitNETs, followed by a systematic literature review."
3218,brain tumour,39141197,The future of neuro-oncology: precision medicine and targeted therapies.,No abstract found
3219,brain tumour,39141144,How I do it? Resection of left ventricular central neurocytoma via trans-sulcal approach.,The management of lateral ventricle tumors requires a balance between maximizing safe resection and preserving neurological function.
3220,brain tumour,39141137,"Letter to the Editor: ""The relationship between imaging features, therapeutic response, and overall survival in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma"".","This letter to the editor discusses the findings of Yu et al. (2024), which highlight the prognostic significance of volumetric assessments over cross-product measurements in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). The study's methodology enhances precision in monitoring therapeutic responses, offering insights into treatment adjustments based on detailed imaging features. Emphasizing the value of volumetric MRI, this letter suggests its potential to improve surgical planning and therapeutic strategies, thereby optimizing patient management. This approach could revolutionize treatment paradigms, emphasizing personalized care through advanced imaging techniques."
3221,brain tumour,39141069,Identifying the primary tumour in patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP) using [,"In this systematic review and individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis, we analysed the diagnostic performance of ["
3222,brain tumour,39141058,High Parathyroid Hormone Rather than Low Vitamin D Is Associated with Reduced Event-Free Survival in Childhood Cancer.,"Vitamin D deficiency is linked to poor cancer outcomes but the impact of its consequence, elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH), remains understudied. PTH receptor activation influences cancer progression in vitro, yet the effect of elevated PTH on pediatric cancer survival is unexamined."
3223,brain tumour,39140776,Non-small cell lung cancer sensitisation to platinum chemotherapy via new thiazole-triazole hybrids acting as dual T-type CCB/MMP-9 inhibitors.,"Cisplatin remains the unchallenged standard therapy for NSCLC. However, it is not completely curative due to drug resistance and oxidative stress-induced toxicity. Drug resistance is linked to overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aberrant calcium signalling. We report synthesis of novel thiazole-triazole hybrids as MMP-9 inhibitors with T-type calcium channel blocking and antioxidant effects to sensitise NSCLC to cisplatin and ameliorate its toxicity. MTT and whole cell patch clamp assays revealed that "
3224,brain tumour,39140632,The Impact of MRI-Based Advanced Neuroimaging on Neurooncologists' Clinical Decision-Making in Patients With Posttreatment High-Grade Glioma: A Prospective Survey-Based Study.,
3225,brain tumour,39140289,A perioperative study of Safusidenib in patients with ,"This is a single arm, open label perioperative trial to assess the feasibility, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of treatment with safusidenib following biopsy, and prior to surgical resection in patients with "
3226,brain tumour,39140261,Long-term remission with temozolomide for AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma.,"Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive brain tumour with a median survival rarely exceeding 3 months without treatment when seen in association with advanced HIV. High dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) in association with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is the recommended chemotherapy. However, HD-MTX may be not feasible due to poor performance status and concerns about toxicity. The 2023 guidelines from the European Association of Neuro-Oncology recommend that for people living with HIV (PLWH) presenting with PCNSL who have morbidities and/or poor functional status precluding the safe use of HD-MTX, other agents with a more favorable toxicity profile such as temozolomide might be considered. However, reports of temozolomide use for PLWH presenting PCNSL are exceedingly rare and this recommendation is extrapolated from its use in immunocompetent patients. We report here an elderly man living with HIV, with PCNSL and poor performance status who achieved long lasting remission with temozolomide plus cART. Our case illustrates the potential effectiveness of temozolomide in association with cART as first line treatment for PCNSL in a patient with poor functional status."
3227,brain tumour,39139809,Expression of calpastatin hcast 3-25 and activity of the calpain/calpastatin system in human glioblastoma stem cells: possible involvement of hcast 3-25 in cell differentiation.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor, characterized by cell heterogeneity comprising stem cells (GSCs) responsible for aggressiveness. The calpain/calpastatin (calp/cast) proteolytic system is involved in critical physiological processes and cancer progression. In this work we showed the expression profile of hcast 3-25 (a Type III calpastatin variant devoid of inhibitory units) and the members of the system in several patient-derived GSCs exploring the relationship between hcast 3-25 and activation/activity of calpains. Each GSC shows a peculiar calp/cast mRNA and protein expression pattern, and hcast 3-25 is the least expressed. Differentiation promotes upregulation of all the calp/cast system components except hcast 3-25 mRNA, which increased or decreased depending on individual GSC culture. Transfection of hcast 3-25-V5 into two selected GSCs indicated that hcast 3-25 effectively associates with calpains, supporting the digestion of selected calpain targets. Hcast 3-25 possibly affects the stem state promoting a differentiated, less aggressive phenotype."
3228,brain tumour,39139696,,"Brain diseases, particularly the classification of gliomas and brain metastases and the prediction of HT in strokes, pose significant challenges in healthcare. Existing methods, relying predominantly on clinical data or imaging-based techniques such as radiomics, often fall short in achieving satisfactory classification accuracy. These methods fail to adequately capture the nuanced features crucial for accurate diagnosis, often hindered by noise and the inability to integrate information across various scales."
3229,brain tumour,39139571,Circadian rhythms and breast cancer: unraveling the biological clock's role in tumor microenvironment and ageing.,"Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common and fatal malignancies among women worldwide. Circadian rhythms have emerged in recent studies as being involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. In this paper, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms by which the dysregulation of the circadian genes impacts the development of BC, focusing on the critical clock genes, brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1 (BMAL1) and circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK). We discussed how the circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) changes the tumor microenvironment (TME), immune responses, inflammation, and angiogenesis. The CRD compromises immune surveillance and features and activities of immune effectors, including CD8+ T cells and tumor-associated macrophages, that are important in an effective anti-tumor response. Meanwhile, in this review, we discuss bidirectional interactions: age and circadian rhythms, aging further increases the risk of breast cancer through reduced vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), affecting suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) synchronization, reduced ability to repair damaged DNA, and weakened immunity. These complex interplays open new avenues toward targeted therapies by the combination of clock drugs with chronotherapy to potentiate the immune response while reducing tumor progression for better breast cancer outcomes. This review tries to cover the broad area of emerging knowledge on the tumor-immune nexus affected by the circadian rhythm in breast cancer."
3230,brain tumour,39139503,Cell-in-cell phenomena of intracellular neutrophils in a recurrent pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma.,"We describe a case of a young patient with a recurrent pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) showing unusual cell-in-cell (CiC) phenomena. We observed mostly viable but also necrotic neutrophils engulfed within tumor cells. The recurrent tumor was immunopositive for BRAFV600E mutant protein and showed CDKN2 homozygous deletions typical of PXA. Both genetic alterations were also reported in the original primary tumor. Unlike the original tumor that was GFAP and Olig-2 immunopositive, the recurrent neoplasm was largely negative for GFAP and Olig-2 suggesting dedifferentiation. The large malignant cells that contained the neutrophils were negative for histiocytic and lymphohematopoietic markers. Whereas CDKN2 homozygous deletion is common in PXA, its presence is rare in histiocytic neoplasms. Both reactive astrocytes and glial neoplasms very rarely may engulf neutrophils in a process resembling emperipolesis or cellular cannibalism. Future work may clarify which type of CiC pathway is involved."
3231,brain tumour,39139341,Comprehensive Analysis Reveals Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker in Glioblastoma Multiforme.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a highly aggressive tumor of the central nervous system, is the most common malignant brain tumor and poses a significant risk to life. GBM patients have a low survival rate owing to their aggressive nature, poor prognosis, genomic variations among patients, and histopathological differences. In this study, we used several bioinformatics platforms, namely Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Data Analysis Portal (UALCAN) databases, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and cBioPortal, to conduct a comprehensive analysis to highlight the expression of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) in patients with GBM. Our study highlights EGFR as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker. According to the TIMER database, EGFR was upregulated in five cancers, including GBM, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, kidney renal cell carcinoma, kidney renal cell papillary cell carcinoma, and lung squamous cell carcinoma, whereas it was downregulated in breast invasive carcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, prostate adenocarcinoma, rectum adenocarcinoma, and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. Our investigation highlighted the expression of EGFR in various clinicopathological parameters, which include age, sex, gender, and TP53 mutation status in patients with GBM. We found that EGFR was upregulated in middle-aged and older adults compared to normal tissues, while it was not significantly downregulated in young adults and older adults. EGFR was upregulated in Caucasians compared to normal tissue, whereas it was downregulated in Asian and African American populations, but this was not statistically significant. In terms of gender, EGFR was upregulated in the male population compared to the female population. Furthermore, EGFR was upregulated in patients with TP53 mutations compared to normal tissues. We also examined the correlation between EGFR gene expression and immune cell infiltration in GBM patients and the impact of EGFR mutations on patient prognosis. Our results revealed a significant positive correlation between EGFR, B cells, and macrophages, but this was not significant for other cell types. This study signified that upregulation of EGFR was associated with a poor prognosis in patients with GBM validated by the GEPIA and UALCAN databases."
3232,brain tumour,39139315,Atypical Imaging Features of an Incidentally Discovered Intracranial Meningioma: A Case Report.,"Intracranial meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumors, typically presenting with well-defined imaging characteristics. This case report focuses on a 56-year-old female patient who was referred due to a history of head trauma and an incidental space-occupying finding to investigate the atypical imaging appearances of intracranial meningiomas, focusing on a specific case with distinct radiological findings. Meningiomas are commonly associated with specific radiological features, such as contrast enhancement, dural tail, and hyperostosis. However, this particular case exhibited atypical imaging characteristics that raised concerns about the underlying tumor type. In-depth analysis and subsequent histopathological examination revealed a World Health Organization (WHO) grade II atypical meningioma. This variant of meningioma demonstrated increased cellularity, nuclear atypia, and a high mitotic index, indicating more aggressive tumor behavior. The study highlights the importance of recognizing atypical imaging appearances in meningiomas, as they may indicate higher-grade tumors with a potentially different clinical course and management approach. Accurate identification of these atypical features can contribute to improved diagnostic accuracy and guide appropriate surgical decision-making for patients with intracranial meningiomas."
3233,brain tumour,39138764,Intraoperative ultrasound and magnetic resonance comparative analysis in brain tumor surgery: a valuable tool to flatten ultrasound's learning curve.,"Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) is a profitable tool for neurosurgical procedures' assistance, especially in neuro-oncology. It is a rapid, ergonomic and reproducible technique. However, its known handicap is a steep learning curve for neurosurgeons. Here, we describe an interesting postoperative analysis that provides extra feedback after surgery, accelerating the learning process."
3234,brain tumour,39138760,Arming AAV9 with a Single-Chain Fragment Variable Antibody Against PD-1 for Systemic Glioblastoma Therapy.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain cancer with a low survival rate, prompting the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promise in cancer treatment but are associated with immune-related toxicities and brain penetration. Here, we present a targeted approach using an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) to systemically deliver a single-chain fragment variable antibody against PD-1 (scFv-PD-1) into the tumor microenvironment (TME). Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed robust PD-1 expression in GBM TME, predominantly on T cells. AAV9-scFv-PD-1 expressed and secreted scFv-PD-1, which effectively binds to PD-1. Systemic administration of AAV9-scFv-PD-1 in an immunocompetent GBM mouse model resulted in a robust cytolytic T-cell activation at the tumor site, marked by accumulation of IFN-γ and Granzyme B, leading to a significant reduction in tumor growth. Importantly, AAV9-scFv-PD-1 treatment conferred a survival benefit, highlighting its therapeutic potential. This study demonstrates the feasibility of systemically delivered AAV9-mediated local expression of scFv-PD-1 for targeted immunotherapy in GBM and warrants further investigation for clinical translation."
3235,brain tumour,39138615,"Ezetimibe protects against Gentamycin-induced ototoxicity in rats by antioxidants, anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and BDNF upregulation.",The threat of hearing loss has become a universal reality. Gentamycin (GM) can lead to ototoxicity and may result in permanent hearing loss. This study aimed to elucidate whether the hypolipidemic drug Ezetimibe (EZE) has a possible underlying mechanism for protecting rats from GM-induced ototoxicity.
3236,brain tumour,39138406,The genetic differences between types 1 and 2 in von Hippel-Lindau syndrome: comprehensive meta-analysis.,"Patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease are at risk of developing tumors in the eye, brain, kidney, adrenal gland, and other organs based on their gene mutations. The VHL tumor suppressor gene contains pathogenic variants responsible for these events. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the genetic differences among the various types of VHL syndrome and their correlation with the location of mutations (exons and domains) in the VHL gene."
3237,brain tumour,39138086,Risk of Dementia in Different Types of Cancer Survivors: A Nationwide Cohort Study.,The association between specific types of malignancies and the subsequent risk of dementia remains unknown.
3238,brain tumour,39137777,Macrophage-mediated myelin recycling fuels brain cancer malignancy.,"Tumors growing in metabolically challenged environments, such as glioblastoma in the brain, are particularly reliant on crosstalk with their tumor microenvironment (TME) to satisfy their high energetic needs. To study the intricacies of this metabolic interplay, we interrogated the heterogeneity of the glioblastoma TME using single-cell and multi-omics analyses and identified metabolically rewired tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) subpopulations with pro-tumorigenic properties. These TAM subsets, termed lipid-laden macrophages (LLMs) to reflect their cholesterol accumulation, are epigenetically rewired, display immunosuppressive features, and are enriched in the aggressive mesenchymal glioblastoma subtype. Engulfment of cholesterol-rich myelin debris endows subsets of TAMs to acquire an LLM phenotype. Subsequently, LLMs directly transfer myelin-derived lipids to cancer cells in an LXR/Abca1-dependent manner, thereby fueling the heightened metabolic demands of mesenchymal glioblastoma. Our work provides an in-depth understanding of the immune-metabolic interplay during glioblastoma progression, thereby laying a framework to unveil targetable metabolic vulnerabilities in glioblastoma."
3239,brain tumour,39137729,Interleukin-21 engineering enhances NK cell activity against glioblastoma via CEBPD.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer with limited therapeutic options. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells with strong anti-tumor activity and may offer a promising treatment strategy for GBM. We compared the anti-GBM activity of NK cells engineered to express interleukin (IL)-15 or IL-21. Using multiple in vivo models, IL-21 NK cells were superior to IL-15 NK cells both in terms of safety and long-term anti-tumor activity, with locoregionally administered IL-15 NK cells proving toxic and ineffective at tumor control. IL-21 NK cells displayed a unique chromatin accessibility signature, with CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP), especially CEBPD, serving as key transcription factors regulating their enhanced function. Deletion of CEBPD resulted in loss of IL-21 NK cell potency while its overexpression increased NK cell long-term cytotoxicity and metabolic fitness. These results suggest that IL-21, through C/EBP transcription factors, drives epigenetic reprogramming of NK cells, enhancing their anti-tumor efficacy against GBM."
3240,brain tumour,39137728,Thyroid hormone suppresses medulloblastoma progression through promoting terminal differentiation of tumor cells.,"Hypothyroidism is commonly detected in patients with medulloblastoma (MB). However, whether thyroid hormone (TH) contributes to MB pathogenicity remains undetermined. Here, we find that TH plays a critical role in promoting tumor cell differentiation. Reduction in TH levels frees the TH receptor, TRα1, to bind to EZH2 and repress expression of NeuroD1, a transcription factor that drives tumor cell differentiation. Increased TH reverses EZH2-mediated repression of NeuroD1 by abrogating the binding of EZH2 and TRα1, thereby stimulating tumor cell differentiation and reducing MB growth. Importantly, TH-induced differentiation of tumor cells is not restricted by the molecular subgroup of MB, suggesting that TH can be used to broadly treat MB subgroups. These findings establish an unprecedented association between TH signaling and MB pathogenicity, providing solid evidence for TH as a promising modality for MB treatment."
3241,brain tumour,39137725,"When playing the NK cell therapy card in glioblastoma, you can't beat interleukin-21.","Glioblastoma is the most common brain cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. This grim prognosis highlights the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Shanley et al."
3242,brain tumour,39137724,Leading medulloblastoma to a differentiation end.,"Effective and less toxic therapies for medulloblastoma have proved to be highly elusive. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Yang et al. show that thyroid hormone treatment leads to the activation of neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NeuroD1) and differentiation of medulloblastoma cells through reversing EZH2-mediated transcriptional repression of NeuroD1."
3243,brain tumour,39137632,Immunosuppressive MDSC and Treg signatures predict prognosis and therapeutic response in glioma.,"Glioma, a complex and aggressive brain tumor, is characterized by dysregulated immune responses within the tumor microenvironment (TME). We conducted a comprehensive analysis to elucidate the roles of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in glioma progression and their impact on the immune landscape. Using transcriptome data, we stratified glioma samples based on MDSC and Treg levels, revealing significant differences in patient survival probabilities. LASSO regression identified a gene panel associated with glioma prognosis, yielding a patient-specific risk score. Multivariate Cox regression confirmed the risk score's correlation with overall survival. An ISS (immune suppressive score) system assessed the immune landscape's impact on glioma progression and therapeutic response. Functional validation showed MDSC and Treg infiltration's relevance in glioma progression and immune modulation. Hub genes in the black module, including CCL2, LINC01503, CXCL8, CLEC2B, TIMP1, and RGS2, were identified through MCODE analysis. RGS2 expression correlated with immune cell populations and varied in glioma cells. This study sheds light on MDSCs' and Tregs' roles in glioma pathogenesis, suggesting their potential as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for personalized immunotherapeutic strategies in glioma treatment."
3244,brain tumour,39137310,"S100A9, as a potential predictor of prognosis and immunotherapy response for GBM, promotes the malignant progression of GBM cells and migration of M2 macrophages.","In the past decades, the therapeutic effect of glioblastoma (GBM) has not been significantly improved. Generous evidence indicates that S100A9 has a wide range of functions in tumors, but its exploration in GBM is less. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and cytological experiment on S100A9 in GBM. The expression data and clinical data of GBM samples were downloaded from the public database, and comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was performed on S100A9 in GBM using R software. Wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to detect the migration activity of cells, and colony formation assay, EdU staining, and CCK-8 assay were used to detect the proliferation activity of cells. The effect of S100A9 on the migration activity of M2 macrophages was verified by the cell co-culture method. The protein expression was detected by western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. S100A9 is an independent prognostic factor in GBM patients and is related to poor prognosis. It can be used as an effective tool to predict the response of GBM patients to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In addition, S100A9 can promote the malignant progression of GBM and the migration of M2 macrophages. On the whole, our study highlights the potential value of S100A9 in predicting prognosis and immunotherapeutic response in GBM patients. More importantly, S100A9 may promote the malignant progress of GBM by involving in some carcinogenic pathways and remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME)."
3245,brain tumour,39137295,A 3D hierarchical cross-modality interaction network using transformers and convolutions for brain glioma segmentation in MR images.,"Precise glioma segmentation from multi-parametric magnetic resonance (MR) images is essential for brain glioma diagnosis. However, due to the indistinct boundaries between tumor sub-regions and the heterogeneous appearances of gliomas in volumetric MR scans, designing a reliable and automated glioma segmentation method is still challenging. Although existing 3D Transformer-based or convolution-based segmentation networks have obtained promising results via multi-modal feature fusion strategies or contextual learning methods, they widely lack the capability of hierarchical interactions between different modalities and cannot effectively learn comprehensive feature representations related to all glioma sub-regions."
3246,brain tumour,39137048,Pediatric glioma immune profiling identifies TIM3 as a therapeutic target in BRAF fusion pilocytic astrocytoma.,"Despite being the leading cause of cancer-related childhood mortality, pediatric gliomas have been relatively understudied, and the repurposing of immunotherapies has not been successful. Whole-transcriptome sequencing, single-cell sequencing, and sequential multiplex immunofluorescence were used to identify an immunotherapeutic strategy that could be applied to multiple preclinical glioma models. MAPK-driven pediatric gliomas have a higher IFN signature relative to other molecular subgroups. Single-cell sequencing identified an activated and cytotoxic microglia (MG) population designated MG-Act in BRAF-fused, MAPK-activated pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), but not in high-grade gliomas or normal brain. T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM3) was expressed on MG-Act and on the myeloid cells lining the tumor vasculature but not normal brain vasculature. TIM3 expression became upregulated on immune cells in the PA microenvironment, and anti-TIM3 reprogrammed ex vivo immune cells from human PAs to a proinflammatory cytotoxic phenotype. In a genetically engineered murine model of MAPK-driven, low-grade gliomas, anti-TIM3 treatment increased median survival over IgG- and anti-PD-1-treated mice. Single-cell RNA-Seq data during the therapeutic window of anti-TIM3 revealed enrichment of the MG-Act population. The therapeutic activity of anti-TIM3 was abrogated in mice on the CX3CR1 MG-KO background. These data support the use of anti-TIM3 in clinical trials of pediatric low-grade, MAPK-driven gliomas."
3247,brain tumour,39137027,Standardization of scan protocols for RT CT simulator from different vendors using quantitative image quality technique.,To investigate the feasibility of standardizing RT simulation CT scanner protocols between vendors using target-based image quality (IQ) metrics.
3248,brain tumour,39136841,Integrative single-cell and bulk transcriptome analyses identify a distinct pro-tumor macrophage signature that has a major prognostic impact on glioblastomas.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly heterogeneous disease with poor clinical outcomes. To comprehensively dissect the molecular landscape of GBM and heterogeneous macrophage clusters in the progression of GBM, this study integrates single-cell and bulk transcriptome data to recognize a distinct pro-tumor macrophage cluster significantly associated with the prognosis of GBM and develop a GBM prognostic signature to facilitate prior subtypes. Leveraging glioma single-cell sequencing data, we identified a novel pro-tumor macrophage subgroup, marked by S100A9, which might interact with endothelial cells to facilitate tumor progression via angiogenesis. To further benefit clinical application, a prognostic signature was established with the genes associated with pro-tumor macrophages. Patients classified within the high-risk group characterized with enrichment in functions related to tumor progression, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition and hypoxia, displays elevated mutations in the TERT promoter region, reduced methylation in the MGMT promoter region, poorer prognoses, and diminished responses to temozolomide therapy, thus effectively discriminating between the prognostic outcomes of GBM patients. Our research sheds light on the intricate microenvironment of gliomas and identifies potential molecular targets for the development of novel therapeutic approaches."
3249,brain tumour,39136823,Frameless stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) delivers a high dose of radiation to a specific brain area while limiting radiation to nearby healthy tissue. While most SRS has traditionally been performed with a stereotactic frame-based approach, this study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of frameless radiosurgery in patients with brain metastases. Our study followed the recommended guidelines summarized in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. The electronic databases of PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science (WOS) were searched from inception to 10 October 2023. The pooled rate of outcomes was calculated using random effect model and Restricted maximum-likelihood (REML) method. All statistical analysis was performed by STATA V.17. A total of 499 studies were recruited from the electronic databases. After removing duplicates (n = 117), 382 studies were used for title/abstract, and 329 were removed from the study selection process. A total of 53 articles were used for full-text assessment, and 35 studies were included for data extraction. Our analysis revealed a significant increase across all pooled survival rates and local control rates by initiating the radiosurgery for patients, estimating the pooled 6-month OSR of 75% (95% CI: 68-81%), 1-year overall survival rate (OSR) of 60% (95% CI: 51-69%), 18-month OSR of 48% (95% CI: 10-85%), 2-year OSR of 39% (95% CI: 19-58%), 1-year progression-free survival rate (PFSR) of 68% (95% CI: 39-98%), 2-year PFSR of 75% (95% CI: 58-91%), 6-month local control rate (LCR) of 93% (95% CI: 90-96%), and 12-month LCR of 86% (95% CI: 82-90%). Our meta-analysis findings confirm the efficacy of frameless radiosurgery in treating brain metastases. Using data from several trials, we were able to demonstrate stereotactic radiosurgery's effectiveness as a therapy option for brain metastasis patients, demonstrating local control and reasonable overall survival."
3250,brain tumour,39136766,Rhythms in lipid droplet content driven by a metabolic oscillator are conserved throughout evolution.,The biological clock in eukaryotes controls daily rhythms in physiology and behavior. It displays a complex organization that involves the molecular transcriptional clock and the redox oscillator which may coordinately work to control cellular rhythms. The redox oscillator has emerged very early in evolution in adaptation to the environmental changes in O
3251,brain tumour,39136375,Neurofilament light chain in serum of cancer patients with acute neurological complications.,
3252,brain tumour,39136350,Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.,"Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) is a devastating complication of advanced cancers, such as lung cancer and breast cancer, which is usually indicative of a poor prognosis. The current treatments for LMC include palliative care, with others aiming to prolong survival and relieve neurological symptoms. Traditional treatments for LMC include radiotherapy, systemic chemotherapy, and intrathecal injection. Furthermore, the application of molecularly targeted agents, such as antiepidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR), antihuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (anti-HER2), and anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, have prolonged the survival of LMC patients. Targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors has also been proven to be an effective treatment. Tyrosine kinases can be overactive or expressed at high levels in some cancer cells; therefore, the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors may prevent the activation of tumor-related pathways, preventing cancer cell growth. The EGFR family are cell surface receptors directly related to tumor occurrence with tyrosine kinase activity; it is the most widely used target for tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of LMC. In this review, we introduced the clinical manifestation and diagnostic criteria of LMC, clarified the treatment mechanism of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for LMC with mutations in EGFR, HER2, or anaplastic lymphoma kinase, reviewed the current application of various generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with LMC, and discussed new clinical trials and the future directions of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy."
3253,brain tumour,39136219,Cerebrospinal fluid cytology in a case of epithelioid glioblastoma.,"Epithelioid glioblastoma (eGB) is a rare GB subtype exhibiting characteristic morphology and genetic alterations. The efficacy of BRAF and MEK-1/2 inhibitors is demonstrated in eGB treatment, and therefore, considering eGB is important to enhance patient care and prognosis."
3254,brain tumour,39136027,Immunotherapy revolutionizing brain metastatic cancer treatment: personalized strategies for transformative outcomes.,"Brain metastatic cancer poses a significant clinical challenge, with limited treatment options and poor prognosis for patients. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for addressing brain metastases, offering distinct advantages over conventional treatments. This review explores the evolving landscape of tumor immunotherapy in the context of brain metastatic cancer, focusing on the intricate interplay between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immunotherapeutic approaches. By elucidating the complex interactions within the TME, including the role of immune cells, cytokines, and extracellular matrix components, this review highlights the potential of immunotherapy to reshape the treatment paradigm for brain metastases. Leveraging immune checkpoint inhibitors, cellular immunotherapies, and personalized treatment strategies, immunotherapy holds promise in overcoming the challenges posed by the blood-brain barrier and immunosuppressive microenvironment of brain metastases. Through a comprehensive analysis of current research findings and future directions, this review underscores the transformative impact of immunotherapy on the management of brain metastatic cancer, offering new insights and opportunities for personalized and precise therapeutic interventions."
3255,brain tumour,39135890,Transcriptomics-based characterization of the immuno-stromal microenvironment in pediatric low-grade glioma.,"Immunologic treatment options are uncommon in low-grade gliomas, although such therapies might be beneficial for inoperable and aggressive cases. Knowledge of the immune and stromal cells in low-grade gliomas is highly relevant for such approaches but still needs to be improved. Published gene-expression data from 400 low-grade gliomas and 193 high-grade gliomas were gathered to quantify 10 microenvironment cell populations with a deconvolution method designed explicitly for brain tumors. First, we investigated general differences in the microenvironment of low- and high-grade gliomas. Lower-grade and high-grade tumors cluster together, respectively, and show a general similarity within and distinct differences between these groups, the main difference being a higher infiltration of fibroblasts and T cells in high-grade gliomas. Among the analyzed entities, gangliogliomas and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas presented the highest overall immune cell infiltration. Further analyses of the low-grade gliomas presented three distinct microenvironmental signatures of immune cell infiltration, which can be divided into T-cell/dendritic/natural killer cell-, neutrophilic/B lineage/natural killer cell-, and monocytic/vascular/stromal-cell-dominated immune clusters. These clusters correlated with tumor location, age, and histological diagnosis but not with sex or progression-free survival. A survival analysis showed that the prognosis can be predicted from gene expression, clinical data, and a combination of both with a support vector machine and revealed the negative prognostic relevance of vascular markers. Overall, our work shows that low- and high-grade gliomas can be characterized and differentiated by their immune cell infiltration. Low-grade gliomas cluster into three distinct immunologic tumor microenvironments, which may be of further interest for upcoming immunotherapeutic research."
3256,brain tumour,39135834,Serial Assessment of Hemodynamic and Cerebrovascular Changes After Administration of Mannitol in Postoperative Neurosurgical Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: A Combined Transthoracic and Transcranial Color Doppler Study.,"Mannitol is widely used in neurosurgical units to mitigate raised intracranial pressure and cerebral edema, crucial in postoperative management. Its hyperosmolar properties reduce brain extracellular fluid, thereby altering cerebral perfusion and cardiac dynamics. However, the temporal and combined effects of mannitol on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular parameters remain inadequately explored in postoperative settings."
3257,brain tumour,39135733,Connectomic insights into the impact of 1p/19q co-deletion in dominant hemisphere insular glioma patients.,This study aimed to elucidate the influences of 1p/19q co-deletion on structural connectivity alterations in patients with dominant hemisphere insular diffuse gliomas.
3258,brain tumour,39135528,Inference on an interacting diffusion system with application to in vitro glioblastoma migration (publication template).,"Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer, with a median survival time for diagnosed patients of 15 months. Treatment of this cancer is typically a combination of radiation, chemotherapy and surgical removal of the tumour. However, the highly invasive and diffuse nature of glioblastoma makes surgical intrusions difficult, and the diffusive properties of glioblastoma are poorly understood. In this paper, we introduce a stochastic interacting particle system as a model of in vitro glioblastoma migration, along with a maximum likelihood-algorithm designed for inference using microscopy imaging data. The inference method is evaluated on in silico simulation of cancer cell migration, and then applied to a real data set. We find that the inference method performs with a high degree of accuracy on the in silico data, and achieve promising results given the in vitro data set."
3259,brain tumour,39135426,Music Therapy and Music Intervention for NSCLC Patients Undergoing PET with Fear of Cancer Recurrence.,
3260,brain tumour,39135362,Impaired cellular copper regulation in the presence of ApoE4.,"The strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is allelic variation of the APOE gene, with the following risk structure: ε4 > ε3 > ε2. The biochemical basis for this risk profile is unclear. Here, we reveal a new role for the APOE gene product, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in regulating cellular copper homeostasis, which is perturbed in the AD brain. Exposure of ApoE target replacement (TR) astrocytes (immortalised astrocytes from APOE knock-in mice) to elevated copper concentrations resulted in exacerbated copper accumulation in ApoE4- compared to ApoE2- and ApoE3-TR astrocytes. This effect was also observed in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells treated with conditioned medium from ApoE4-TR astrocytes. Increased intracellular copper levels in the presence of ApoE4 may be explained by reduced levels and delayed trafficking of the copper transport protein, copper-transporting ATPase 1 (ATP7A/Atp7a), potentially leading to impaired cellular copper export. This new role for ApoE in copper regulation lends further biochemical insight into how APOE genotype confers risk for AD and reveals a potential contribution of ApoE4 to the copper dysregulation that is a characteristic pathological feature of the AD brain."
3261,brain tumour,39135322,Voices in ,No abstract found
3262,brain tumour,39135276,LncRNA ILF3-AS1 mediates oxidative stress and inflammation through miR-504-3p/HMGB1 axis in a cellular model of temporal lobe epilepsy.,"Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), a prevalent neurological disorder, is associated with hippocampal oxidative stress and inflammation. A recent study reveals that the long noncoding RNA ILF3 divergent transcript (ILF3-AS1) level is elevated in the hippocampus of TLE patients; however, the functional roles of ILF3-AS1 in TLE and underlying mechanisms deserve further investigation. Hence, this study aimed to elucidate whether ILF3-AS1 is involved in the pathogenesis of TLE by regulating oxidative stress and inflammation and to explore its underlying mechanism in vitro."
3263,brain tumour,39135074,Enhancing mutation detection in multiple myeloma with an error-corrected ultra-sensitive NGS assay without plasma cell enrichment.,"Risk stratification in multiple myeloma (MM) patients is crucial, and molecular genetic studies play a significant role in achieving this objective. Enrichment of plasma cells for next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis has been employed to enhance detection sensitivity. However, these methods often come with limitations, such as high costs and low throughput. In this study, we explore the use of an error-corrected ultrasensitive NGS assay called positional indexing sequencing (PiSeq-MM). This assay can detect somatic mutations in MM patients without relying on plasma cell enrichment."
3264,brain tumour,39135013,A nomogram and risk stratification system for predicting survival in T1-2N0-1 breast cancer patients with liver metastasis in females: a population-based study.,"Liver was one of the most common distant metastatic sites in breast cancer. Patients with distant metastasis were identified as American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage IV indicating poor prognosis. However, few studies have predicted the survival in females with T1-2N0-1 breast cancer who developed liver metastasis. This study aimed to explore the clinical features of these patients and establish a nomogram to predict their overall survival."
3265,brain tumour,39134820,The interplay between metal ions and immune cells in glioma: pathways to immune escape.,"This review explores the intricate roles of metal ions-iron, copper, zinc, and selenium-in glioma pathogenesis and immune evasion. Dysregulated metal ion metabolism significantly contributes to glioma progression by inducing oxidative stress, promoting angiogenesis, and modulating immune cell functions. Iron accumulation enhances oxidative DNA damage, copper activates hypoxia-inducible factors to stimulate angiogenesis, zinc influences cell proliferation and apoptosis, and selenium modulates the tumor microenvironment through its antioxidant properties. These metal ions also facilitate immune escape by upregulating immune checkpoints and secreting immunosuppressive cytokines. Targeting metal ion pathways with therapeutic strategies such as chelating agents and metalloproteinase inhibitors, particularly in combination with conventional treatments like chemotherapy and immunotherapy, shows promise in improving treatment efficacy and overcoming resistance. Future research should leverage advanced bioinformatics and integrative methodologies to deepen the understanding of metal ion-immune interactions, ultimately identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets to enhance glioma management and patient outcomes."
3266,brain tumour,39134744,Performance of amide proton transfer imaging to differentiate true progression from therapy-related changes in gliomas and metastases.,Differentiating true progression or recurrence (TP/TR) from therapy-related changes (TRC) is complex in brain tumours. Amide proton transfer-weighted (APT) imaging is a chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI technique that may improve diagnostic accuracy during radiological follow-up. This systematic review and meta-analysis elucidated the level of evidence and details of state-of-the-art imaging for APT-CEST in glioma and brain metastasis surveillance.
3267,brain tumour,39134688,Whole brain radiation therapy for patients with brain metastases: survival outcomes and prognostic factors in a contemporary institutional series.,To study survival outcomes and prognostic factors in patients undergoing whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) for brain metastases in the contemporary setting.
3268,brain tumour,39134610,Network analysis to identify driver genes and combination drugs in brain cancer.,"Brain cancer is one of the deadliest diseases, although many efforts have been made to treat it, there is no comprehensive and effective treatment approach yet. In recent years, the use of network-based analysis to identify important biological genes and pathways involved in various complex diseases, including brain cancer, has attracted the attention of researchers. The goal of this manuscript is to perform a comprehensive analysis of the various results presented related to brain cancer. For this purpose, firstly, based on the CORMINE medical database, collected all the genes related to brain cancer with a valid P-value. Then the structural and functional relationships between the above gene sets have been identified based on the STRING database. Next, in the PPI network, hub centrality analysis was performed to determine the proteins that have many connections with other proteins. After the modularization of the network, the module with the most hub vertices is considered as the most relevant module to the formation and progression of brain cancer. Since the driver vertices play an important role in biological systems, the edges of the selected module were oriented, and by analyzing the controllability of complex networks, a set of five proteins with the highest control power has been identified. Finally, based on the drug-gene interaction, a set of drugs effective on each of the driver genes has been obtained, which can potentially be used as new combination drugs. Validation of the hub and driver proteins shows that they are mainly essential proteins in the biological processes related to the various cancers and therefore the drugs that affect them can be considered as new combination therapy. The presented procedure can be used for any other complex disease."
3269,brain tumour,39134529,"Gefitinib (an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor) plus anlotinib (an multikinase inhibitor) for untreated, EGFR-mutated, advanced non-small cell lung cancer (FL-ALTER): a multicenter phase III trial.","Dual inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathways offers the prospect of improving the effectiveness of EFGR-targeted therapy. In this phase 3 study (ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT04028778), 315 patients with treatment-naïve, EGFR-mutated, advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were randomized (1:1) to receive anlotinib or placebo plus gefitinib once daily on days 1-14 per a 3-week cycle. At the prespecified final analysis of progression-free survival (PFS), a significant improvement in PFS was observed for the anlotinib arm over the placebo arm (hazards ratio [HR] = 0.64, 95% CI, 0.48-0.80, P = 0.003). Particularly, patients with brain metastasis and those harboring EGFR amplification or high tumor mutation load gained significant more benefits in PFS from gefitinib plus anlotinib. The incidence of grade 3 or higher treatment-emergent adverse events was 49.7% of the patients receiving gefitinib plus anlotinib versus 31.0% of the patients receiving gefitinib plus placebo. Anlotinib plus gefitinib significantly improves PFS in patients with treatment-naïve, EGFR-mutated, advanced NSCLC, with a manageable safety profile."
3270,brain tumour,39134291,A multi-component paclitaxel -loaded β-elemene nanoemulsion by transferrin modification enhances anti-non-small-cell lung cancer treatment.,"A multi-component paclitaxel (PTX) -loaded β-elemene nanoemulsion by transferrin modification (Tf-PE-MEs) was developed to enhance non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. After transferrin modification, the particle size of Tf-PE-MEs was (14.87 ± 1.84) nm, and the zeta potential was (-10.19 ± 0.870) mV, respectively. In vitro experiments showed that Tf-PE-MEs induced massive apoptosis in A549 cells, indicating that it had significant cytotoxicity to A549 cells. Through transferrin modification, Tf-PE-MEs accumulated at the tumor site efficiently with overexpressed transferrin receptor (TfR) on the surface of A549 cells. This will allow increasing PTX and β-elemene concentration in the target cells, enhancing the therapeutic effect. Compared to PTX alone, Tf-PE-MEs displayed good anti-tumor efficacy and diminished systemic toxicity in vivo studies. With favourable therapeutic potential, this study provides a new strategy for the combined anticancer treatment of non-small cell lung cancer."
3271,brain tumour,39134286,"Oleanonic acid ameliorates mutant Aβ precursor protein-induced oxidative stress, autophagy deficits, ferroptosis, mitochondrial damage, and ER stress in vitro.","Accumulation in the brain of amyloid-β (Aβ), derived from cleavage of Aβ precursor protein (APP), is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Oleanonic acid (OA), a phytochemical from several plants, has proven anti-inflammatory effects, but its role in AD remains unknown. Here we found that OA reduced APP expression and inhibited oxidative stress via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells stably overexpressing APP. OA suppressed phosphorylated mTOR but increased autophagy markers ATG5 and LC3-II. Moreover, OA rescued ferroptosis-related factors GPX4, NCOA, and COX2 and ER stress markers GRP78, CHOP, and three main induction pathways of ER stress including IRE1/XBP1s, PERK/EIF2α, and ATF6. OA alleviated mitochondrial damage through MFN1, MFN2, OPA1, FIS1, and DRP1. Furthermore, OA upregulated GDF11 expression and downregulated phosphorylation of ErbB4 and TrkB without affecting BDNF levels. Thus, OA might protect neurons from APP-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress, autophagy deficits, ferroptosis, mitochondrial damage, and ER stress in AD, providing a new promising therapeutic strategy in patients with AD."
3272,brain tumour,39134229,Ethnopharmacological validation of Karkataka Taila-An edible crab Rasayana in rotenone-induced in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease.,"'Karkataka Taila (KT), an ancient Ayurvedic Rasayana comprising the edible freshwater crab Scylla serrata Forskal flesh, is still used by local traditional practitioners in Kerala state to treat tremors and palsy. In the scientific community, it becomes less exposed due to the lack of adequate scientific validations and brief reports. There has been no published research on the effectiveness of KT in treating Parkinson's disease (PD)."
3273,brain tumour,39134184,Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-dependent mechanisms mediate sleep responses to microbial and thermal stimuli.,"Prostaglandins (PGs) play a crucial role in sleep regulation, yet the broader physiological context that leads to the activation of the prostaglandin-mediated sleep-promoting system remains elusive. In this study, we explored sleep-inducing mechanisms potentially involving PGs, including microbial, immune and thermal stimuli as well as homeostatic sleep responses induced by short-term sleep deprivation using cyclooxygenase-2 knockout (COX-2 KO) mice and their wild-type littermates (WT). Systemic administration of 0.4 µg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced increased non-rapid-eye movement sleep (NREMS) and fever in WT animals, these effects were completely absent in COX-2 KO mice. This finding underscores the essential role of COX-2-dependent prostaglandins in mediating sleep and febrile responses to LPS. In contrast, the sleep and fever responses induced by tumor necrosis factor α, a proinflammatory cytokine which activates COX-2, were preserved in COX-2 KO animals, indicating that these effects are independent of COX-2-related signaling. Additionally, we examined the impact of ambient temperature on sleep. The sleep-promoting effects of moderate warm ambient temperature were suppressed in COX-2 KO animals, resulting in significantly reduced NREMS at ambient temperatures of 30 °C and 35 °C compared to WT mice. However, rapid-eye-movement sleep responses to moderately cold or warm temperatures did not differ between the two genotypes. Furthermore, 6 h of sleep deprivation induced rebound increases in sleep with no significant differences observed between COX-2 KO and WT mice. This suggests that while COX-2-derived prostaglandins are crucial for the somnogenic effects of increased ambient temperature, the homeostatic responses to sleep loss are COX-2-independent. Overall, the results highlight the critical role of COX-2-derived prostaglandins as mediators of the sleep-wake and thermoregulatory responses to various physiological challenges, including microbial, immune, and thermal stimuli. These findings emphasize the interconnected regulation of body temperature and sleep, with peripheral mechanisms emerging as key players in these integrative processes."
3274,brain tumour,39134088,Extracellular adenosine oppositely regulates the purinome machinery in glioblastoma and mesenchymal stem cells.,"Glioblastoma (GB) is a lethal brain tumor that rapidly adapts to the dynamic changes of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are one of the stromal components of the TME playing multiple roles in tumor progression. GB progression is prompted by the immunosuppressive microenvironment characterized by high concentrations of the nucleoside adenosine (ADO). ADO acts as a signaling molecule through adenosine receptors (ARs) but also as a genetic and metabolic regulator. Herein, the effects of high extracellular ADO concentrations were investigated in a human glioblastoma cellular model (U343MG) and MSCs. The modulation of the purinome machinery, i.e., the ADO production (CD39, CD73, and adenosine kinase [ADK]), transport (equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 (ENT1) and 2 (ENT2)), and degradation (adenosine deaminase [ADA]) were investigated in both cell lines to evaluate if ADO could affect its cell management in a positive or negative feed-back loop. Results evidenced a different behavior of GB and MSC cells upon exposure to high extracellular ADO levels: U343MG were less sensitive to the ADO concentration and only a slight increase in ADK and ENT1 was evidenced. Conversely, in MSCs, the high extracellular ADO levels reduced the ADK, ENT1, and ENT2 expression, which further sustained the increase of extracellular ADO. Of note, MSCs primed with the GB-conditioned medium or co-cultured with U343MG cells were not affected by the increase of extracellular ADO. These results evidenced how long exposure to ADO could produce different effects on cancer cells with respect to MSCs, revealing a negative feedback loop that can support the GB immunosuppressive microenvironment. These results improve the knowledge of the ADO role in the maintenance of TME, which should be considered in the development of therapeutic strategies targeting adenosine pathways as well as cell-based strategies using MSCs."
3275,brain tumour,39134023,Lactoferrin/CD133 antibody conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers for dual targeting of blood-brain-barrier and glioblastoma stem cells.,"The main reasons for the difficulty in curing and high recurrence rate of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) include: 1. The difficulty of chemotherapy drugs in penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to target tumor cells; 2. The presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs) leading to chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, breaking through the limitations of the BBB and overcoming the drug resistance caused by GSCs are the main strategies to address this problem. This study presents our results on the development of lactoferrin (Lf)/CD133 antibody conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers (Lf/CD133-NLCS) for simultaneously targeting BBB and GSCs. Temozolomide (TMZ) loaded Lf/CD133-NLCS (Lf/CD133-NLCS-TMZ) exhibited high-efficiency"
3276,brain tumour,39133949,Trochlear nerve schwannoma with concomitant osimertinib-responsive stage IV lung adenocarcinoma: illustrative case.,The prognosis for cancer patients has been improved because of the development of molecularly targeted drugs. Treatment of intracranial tumors must be personalized while prioritizing the treatment of comorbid cancers.
3277,brain tumour,39133944,Rapid postradiation malignant transformation of a pilocytic astrocytoma in an adult with neurofibromatosis type 1: illustrative case.,"Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (JPA) is the most common primary brain tumor of childhood and is rarely seen in adults. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a common tumor predisposition syndrome, demonstrates a strong association with low-grade gliomas, most notably pilocytic astrocytoma, which are relatively indolent. Unlike its juvenile counterpart, reports of adult pilocytic astrocytoma (APA) vary widely in terms of disease progression from benign to much more malignant courses. Moreover, current studies discussing APA report different treatment approaches and outcomes (e.g., malignant transformation of JPA and APA with or without radiation), as little is known regarding the management of recurrent tumors and how adjuvant therapies may alter disease progression."
3278,brain tumour,39133499,Amyloid beta 1-40 and 1-42 fibril ratios and maturation level cause conformational differences with minimal impact on autophagy and cytotoxicity.,"The amyloid β (Aβ) peptide has a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. The peptide length can vary between 37 and 49 amino acids, with Aβ1-42 being considered the most disease-related length. However, Aβ1-40 is also found in Aβ plaques and has shown to form intertwined fibrils with Aβ1-42. The peptides have previously also shown to form different fibril conformations, proposed to be related to disease phenotype. To conduct more representative in vitro experiments, it is vital to uncover the impact of different fibril conformations on neurons. Hence, we fibrillized different Aβ1-40:42 ratios in concentrations of 100:0, 90:10, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 10:90 and 0:100 for either 24 h (early fibrils) or 7 days (aged fibrils). These were then characterized based on fibril width, LCO-staining and antibody-staining. We further challenged differentiated neuronal-like SH-SY5Y human cells with the different fibrils and measured Aβ content, cytotoxicity and autophagy function at three different time-points: 3, 24, and 72 h. Our results revealed that both Aβ1-40:42 ratio and fibril maturation affect conformation of fibrils. We further show the impact of these conformation changes on the affinity to commonly used Aβ antibodies, primarily affecting Aβ1-40 rich aggregates. In addition, we demonstrate uptake of the aggregates by neuronally differentiated human cells, where aggregates with higher Aβ1-42 ratios generally caused higher cellular levels of Aβ. These differences in Aβ abundance did not cause changes in cytotoxicity nor in autophagy activation. Our results show the importance to consider conformational differences of Aβ fibrils, as this can have fundamental impact on Aβ antibody detection. Overall, these insights underline the need for further exploration of the impact of conformationally different fibrils and the need to reliably produce disease relevant Aβ aggregates."
3279,brain tumour,39133474,Apixaban vs Aspirin in Patients With Cancer and Cryptogenic Stroke: A Post Hoc Analysis of the ARCADIA Randomized Clinical Trial.,"Approximately 10% to 15% of ischemic strokes are associated with cancer; cancer-associated stroke, particularly when cryptogenic, is associated with high rates of recurrent stroke and major bleeding. Limited data exist on the safety and efficacy of different antithrombotic strategies in patients with cancer and cryptogenic stroke."
3280,brain tumour,39133454,Exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying neuroprotective effect of ellagic acid in okadaic acid-induced Alzheimer's phenotype.,"Pomegranate polyphenol ellagic acid has medicinal potential in neurodegenerative disorders. The advantageous effect of this polyphenol in improving cognition in okadaic acid (OA)-instigated murine model with unraveling some modes of its action was assessed. Rats received ICV okadaic acid (OA) and post-treated with oral ellagic acid for 3 weeks (25 and 100 mg/kg/day). Cognition was analyzed in behavioral tasks besides assessment of oxidative, apoptotic, and inflammatory factors in addition to hippocampal histochemical analysis. Ellagic acid at a dose of 100 mg/kg properly attenuated cognitive abnormalities in novel object recognition (NOR), Y maze, and Barnes maze tests. Additionally, ellagic acid diminished hippocampal changes of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), apoptotic factors caspases 1 and 3, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and beta secretase 1 (BACE 1) besides reversal of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau). Moreover, lower glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and less injury of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons were observed upon ellagic acid. To conclude, neuroprotective potential of ellagic acid was shown which is somewhat attributable to its reversal of oxidative, apoptotic, and neuroinflammatory events in addition to proper regulation of AMPK and p-tau."
3281,brain tumour,39133453,"Neuroprotective role of chlorogenic acid against hippocampal neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis following acute seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole.","This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced acute epileptic seizures in mice. Epileptic animals received CGA (200 mg/kg) or sodium valproate (standard antiepileptic agent, 200 mg/kg) for four weeks. Results revealed that pre-administration of CGA significantly reversed the behavioral changes following pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) injection. Further, CGA pre-treatment caused significant increases in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, along with marked increases in dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin levels. Additionally, the increased antioxidant enzymes activities, along with higher glutathione (GSH) contents and upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene expression, were indicative of a notable improvement in the cellular antioxidant defense in mice treated with CGA. These results were associated with lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels. Moreover, epileptic mice that received CGA showed significant declines in the content of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), besides downregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Remarkably, CGA counteracted hippocampal apoptosis by lessening the levels of pro-apoptotic biomarkers [Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3] and increasing the anti-apoptogenic marker level of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). The hippocampal histopathological findings corroborated the abovementioned changes. In sum, these findings suggest that CGA could mediate the neuroprotective effect against PTZ-induced epilepsy via modulation of neurotransmitters, oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis. CGA, therefore, could be considered a valuable antiepileptic therapeutic supplement."
3282,brain tumour,39133381,Usefulness of synthetic MRI for differentiation of IDH-mutant diffuse gliomas and its comparison with the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign.,"The T2-FLAIR mismatch sign is a characteristic imaging biomarker for astrocytoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant. However, investigators have provided varying interpretations of the positivity/negativity of this sign given for individual cases the nature of qualitative visual assessment. Moreover, MR sequence parameters also influence the appearance of the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign. To resolve these issues, we used synthetic MR technique to quantitatively evaluate and differentiate astrocytoma from oligodendroglioma."
3283,brain tumour,39133380,Clinical significance of cerebral microbleeds in patients with germinoma who underwent long-term follow-up.,"This study identified the factors affecting cerebral microbleed (CMBs) development. Moreover, their effects on intelligence and memory and association with stroke in patients with germinoma who had long-term follow-up were evaluated."
3284,brain tumour,39133378,Trastuzumab deruxtecan for the treatment of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer with brain and/or leptomeningeal metastases: an updated overall survival analysis using data from a multicenter retrospective study (ROSET-BM).,"We provide updated results (median follow-up duration: 20.4 months) of a retrospective study on the effectiveness of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer with brain metastases (BM) and/or leptomeningeal disease (ROSET-BM). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 14.6 months. Median overall survival (OS) was not reached (NR); 24-month OS rate was 56.0%. Subgroup analysis showed that median PFS was 13.2 months in patients with analytical active BM, 17.5 months in patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC), and NR in patients with analytical stable BM (24-month PFS rates in patients with analytical active BM, LMC, and analytical stable BM were 32.7%, 25.1%, and 60.8%, respectively). Median OS was 27.0 months in patients with analytical active BM and NR in patients with LMC or analytical stable BM (24-month OS rates in patients with analytical active BM, LMC, and analytical stable BM were 52.0%, 61.6%, and 71.6%, respectively). The most common adverse event leading to discontinuation of T-DXd was interstitial lung disease (ILD; 23.1%); median ILD onset time among patients who discontinued T-DXd treatment due to ILD was 5.3 months. T-DXd has promising effectiveness in heavily pre-treated HER2+ metastatic breast cancer patients with BM and LMC. The incidence and median onset time of ILD were similar to those of Japanese subgroups in previous studies."
3285,brain tumour,39133319,Sodium fluorescein-guided resection of brain metastases: A needed approach or an option? A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Brain metastases (BM) often leave residual tumors despite having visible margins, which increases the risk of local tumor recurrence and can impact overall patient survival rates. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) utilizing sodium fluorescein (FL) has been reported as an effective technique in recent studies. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of FL FGS in improving the extent of resection of brain metastases and its impact on overall survival."
3286,brain tumour,39131566,Generative adversarial network-based reconstruction of healthy anatomy for anomaly detection in brain CT scans.,"To help radiologists examine the growing number of computed tomography (CT) scans, automatic anomaly detection is an ongoing focus of medical imaging research. Radiologists must analyze a CT scan by searching for any deviation from normal healthy anatomy. We propose an approach to detecting abnormalities in axial 2D CT slice images of the brain. Although much research has been done on detecting abnormalities in magnetic resonance images of the brain, there is little work on CT scans, where abnormalities are more difficult to detect due to the low image contrast that must be represented by the model used."
3287,brain tumour,39130912,Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytomas Without Tuberous Sclerosis: A Case Report on a Rare Medical Condition.,"Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs) are benign, slow-growing, noninvasive tumors frequently associated with the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). The tumor's location and the patient's age should be considered carefully before diagnosis. Considering SEGA as a differential diagnosis, even in adult patients without TSC, is essential. In the present case, a 22-year-old male presented with a progressive headache, dizziness, and blurring of vision. Radiological investigations confirmed the site of the tumor, and a positive expression of thyroid transcription factor 1 in the ganglion cell component, along with the absence of germline mutation in TSC1 and TSC2, led to the final diagnosis of SEGA without TSC."
3288,brain tumour,39130643,"A novel probiotic formula, BLLL, ameliorates chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors in mice by reducing neuroinflammation and increasing neurotrophic factors.",
3289,brain tumour,39130373,Epigenetic clocks and gliomas: unveiling the molecular interactions between aging and tumor development.,"Gliomas, the most prevalent and aggressive primary brain tumors, represent a diverse group of malignancies originating from glial cells. These tumors account for significant brain tumor-related morbidity and mortality, with higher incidence rates in North America and Europe compared to Asia and Africa. Genetic predispositions and environmental factors, particularly ionizing radiation, critically impact glioma risk. Epigenetics, particularly DNA methylation, plays a pivotal role in glioma research, with IDH-mutant gliomas showing aberrant methylation patterns contributing to tumorigenesis. Epigenetic clocks, biomarkers based on DNA methylation patterns predicting biological age, have revealed significant insights into aging and tumor development. Recent studies demonstrate accelerated epigenetic aging in gliomas, correlating with increased cancer risk and poorer outcomes. This review explores the mechanisms of epigenetic clocks, their biological significance, and their application in glioma research. Furthermore, the clinical implications of epigenetic clocks in diagnosing, prognosticating, and treating gliomas are discussed. The integration of epigenetic clock data into personalized medicine approaches holds promise for enhancing therapeutic strategies and patient outcomes in glioma treatment."
3290,brain tumour,39130200,Point-supervised Brain Tumor Segmentation with Box-prompted MedSAM.,"Delineating lesions and anatomical structure is important for image-guided interventions. Point-supervised medical image segmentation (PSS) has great potential to alleviate costly expert delineation labeling. However, due to the lack of precise size and boundary guidance, the effectiveness of PSS often falls short of expectations. Although recent vision foundational models, such as the medical segment anything model (MedSAM), have made significant advancements in bounding-box-prompted segmentation, it is not straightforward to utilize point annotation, and is prone to semantic ambiguity. In this preliminary study, we introduce an iterative framework to facilitate semantic-aware point-supervised MedSAM. Specifically, the semantic box-prompt generator (SBPG) module has the capacity to convert the point input into potential pseudo bounding box suggestions, which are explicitly refined by the prototype-based semantic similarity. This is then succeeded by a prompt-guided spatial refinement (PGSR) module that harnesses the exceptional generalizability of MedSAM to infer the segmentation mask, which also updates the box proposal seed in SBPG. Performance can be progressively improved with adequate iterations. We conducted an evaluation on BraTS2018 for the segmentation of whole brain tumors and demonstrated its superior performance compared to traditional PSS methods and on par with box-supervised methods."
3291,brain tumour,39129688,"Serum Levels and Clinical Significance of NSE, BDNF and CNTF in Patients with Cancer-associated Ischemic Stroke Complicated with Post-stroke Depression.","The incidence of post-stroke depression (PSD) may be higher in patients with cancer-associated ischemic stroke (CAIS). The pathogenesis of PSD is mainly related to the emotional injury of stroke and the inability of neurons to effectively repair. This study aims to explore the clinical significance of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) expression levels in CAIS patients."
3292,brain tumour,39129541,[Neurodevelopmental impact of a mutation in the RHOBTB2 gene].,"RHOBTB2 was first described as epileptogenic when it presents a missense variant in 2016 and studied more specifically in 2018. It is a gene that causes rare, but potentially severe childhood epileptic encephalopathy. In 2021, research confirmed that heterozygous mutations of RHOBTB2 included other clinical signs besides these encephalopathies. Thus, these infantile epilepsies are mainly associated with highly variable phenotypes, with developmental delay, post-traumatic encephalitis, paroxysmal movement disorders and iconographic brain damage. In this work, after presenting a clinical case, we will recall the role of RhoGTPases on neuronal development. We will then discuss a study which highlighted the neurodevelopmental impact of mutations on the RHOBTB2 gene by carrying out work on Drosophila melanogaster flies. Finally, we will compare the presented clinical case with a literature review."
3293,brain tumour,39129241,"""I Don't Get to Play With My Mum Anymore"": Experiences of Siblings Aged 8-12 of Children With Cancer: A Qualitative Study.",
3294,brain tumour,39129228,Ce,"Artificial enzymes, especially nanozymes, have attracted wide attention due to their controlled catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability. The rising Cerium-based nanozymes exhibit unique SOD-like activity, and Vanadium-based nanozymes always hold excellent GPx-like activity. However, most inflammatory diseases involve polymerase biocatalytic processes that require multi-enzyme activities. The nanocomposite can fulfill multi-enzymatic activity simultaneously, but large nanoparticles (>10 nm) cannot be excreted rapidly, leading to biosafety challenges. Herein, atomically precise Ce"
3295,brain tumour,39129104,CT histogram analysis to distinguish between acute intracerebral hemorrhage and cavernous hemangioma.,"Acute intracerebral hemorrhage (AICH) and cerebral cavernous hemangioma (CCM) are two common cerebral hemorrhage diseases with partially overlapping CT findings and clinical symptoms, making it hard to distinguish between them. The current study used histogram analysis based on CT images to differentiate between CCM and AICH and test its diagnosis performance."
3296,brain tumour,39129101,A giant mature cystic teratoma in the third ventricle.,No abstract found
3297,brain tumour,39128933,Multidisciplinary cancer disease classification using adaptive FL in healthcare industry 5.0.,"Emerging Industry 5.0 designs promote artificial intelligence services and data-driven applications across multiple places with varying ownership that need special data protection and privacy considerations to prevent the disclosure of private information to outsiders. Due to this, federated learning offers a method for improving machine-learning models without accessing the train data at a single manufacturing facility. We provide a self-adaptive framework for federated machine learning of healthcare intelligent systems in this research. Our method takes into account the participating parties at various levels of healthcare ecosystem abstraction. Each hospital trains its local model internally in a self-adaptive style and transmits it to the centralized server for universal model optimization and communication cycle reduction. To represent a multi-task optimization issue, we split the dataset into as many subsets as devices. Each device selects the most advantageous subset for every local iteration of the model. On a training dataset, our initial study demonstrates the algorithm's ability to converge various hospital and device counts. By merging a federated machine-learning approach with advanced deep machine-learning models, we can simply and accurately predict multidisciplinary cancer diseases in the human body. Furthermore, in the smart healthcare industry 5.0, the results of federated machine learning approaches are used to validate multidisciplinary cancer disease prediction. The proposed adaptive federated machine learning methodology achieved 90.0%, while the conventional federated learning approach achieved 87.30%, both of which were higher than the previous state-of-the-art methodologies for cancer disease prediction in the smart healthcare industry 5.0."
3298,brain tumour,39128802,The role of ALDH1A1 in glioblastoma proliferation and invasion.,"High-grade gliomas, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), continue to be a leading aggressive brain tumor in adults, marked by its rapid growth and invasive nature. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 (ALDH1A1), an enzyme, plays a significant role in tumor progression, yet its function in high-grade gliomas is still poorly investigated. In this study, we evaluated ALDH1A1 levels in clinical samples of GBM. We also assessed the prognostic significance of ALDH1A1 expression in GBM and LGG (low grade glioma) patients using TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database analysis. The MTT and transwell assays were utilized to examine cell growth and the invasive capability of U87 cells, respectively. We quantitatively examined markers for cell proliferation (Ki-67 and cyclin D1) and invasion (MMP2 and 9). A Western blot test was conducted to determine the downstream signaling of ALDH1A1. We found a notable increase in ALDH1A1 expression in high-grade gliomas compared to their low-grade counterparts. U87 cells that overexpressed ALDH1A1 showed increased cell growth and invasion. We found that ALDH1A1 promotes the phosphorylation of AKT, and inhibiting AKT phosphorylation mitigates the ALDH1A1's effects on tumor growth and migration. In summary, our findings suggest ALDH1A1 as a potential therapeutic target for GBM treatment."
3299,brain tumour,39128799,Unveiling the antitumor mechanism of 7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxyroyleanone from Plectranthus hadiensis in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive and prevalent glioma within the central nervous system. Despite considerable efforts, GB continues to exhibit a dismal 5-year survival rate (∼6%). This is largely attributed to unfavorable prognosis and lack of viable treatment options. Therefore, novel therapies centered around plant-derived compounds emerge as a compelling avenue to enhance patient survival and well-being. The South African species, Plectranthus hadiensis Schweinf. (P. hadiensis), a member of the Lamiaceae family, has a history of use in traditional medicine for treating a range of diseases, including respiratory, digestive, and liver disorders. This species exhibits diverse biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and antitumoral properties, likely attributed to its rich composition of naturally occurring diterpenes, like the abietane diterpene, 7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxyroyleanone (Roy). Roy has demonstrated promising antitumor effects in various cancer cell lines, making it a compelling candidate for further investigation into its mechanisms against GB."
3300,brain tumour,39128691,Human next-generation risk assessment of trichothecene toxicity.,"Trichothecenes are naturally occurring chemicals, produced by fungi, that can be found in contaminated crops. Trichothecenes have the potential to indirectly damage DNA and exacerbate genotoxic effects of genotoxicants. However, genotoxicity data for most trichothecenes are limited and data gaps remain. Here we use the γH2AX/pH3 assay to evaluate DNA damage in vitro of 13 trichothecenes. Three human cell lines (SH-SY5Y, ACHN, and HepG2) were exposed to each trichothecene (0.001-100 μM) to assess toxicity as models for the brain, kidney, and liver, respectively. Concentration-dependent induction of DNA damage, illustrated by γH2AX induction, was observed for all trichothecenes. In vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) modeling was employed to support in vivo equivalent potency ranking and screen for risk potential. Diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2, and HT-2 had the highest genotoxic potency, notably in SH-SY5Y cells. Administered equivalent doses (AEDs) derived from IVIVE were compared against exposure data from French total diet studies to assess risk potential. AEDs derived for T-2 and HT-2 from the SH-SY5Y model were within 100-fold of exposure levels for infants aged one year or less. Overall, the potential for trichothecenes to damage DNA and higher exposures in infants highlights the need to investigate the cumulative effects across the broader trichothecene family."
3301,brain tumour,39128599,Neuro-XAI: Explainable deep learning framework based on deeplabV3+ and bayesian optimization for segmentation and classification of brain tumor in MRI scans.,"The prevalence of brain tumor disorders is currently a global issue. In general, radiography, which includes a large number of images, is an efficient method for diagnosing these life-threatening disorders. The biggest issue in this area is that it takes a radiologist a long time and is physically strenuous to look at all the images. As a result, research into developing systems based on machine learning to assist radiologists in diagnosis continues to rise daily. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), one type of deep learning approach, have been pivotal in achieving state-of-the-art results in several medical imaging applications, including the identification of brain tumors. CNN hyperparameters are typically set manually for segmentation and classification, which might take a while and increase the chance of using suboptimal hyperparameters for both tasks. Bayesian optimization is a useful method for updating the deep CNN's optimal hyperparameters. The CNN network, however, can be considered a ""black box"" model because of how difficult it is to comprehend the information it stores because of its complexity. Therefore, this problem can be solved by using Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) tools, which provide doctors with a realistic explanation of CNN's assessments. Implementation of deep learning-based systems in real-time diagnosis is still rare. One of the causes could be that these methods don't quantify the Uncertainty in the predictions, which could undermine trust in the AI-based diagnosis of diseases. To be used in real-time medical diagnosis, CNN-based models must be realistic and appealing, and uncertainty needs to be evaluated. So, a novel three-phase strategy is proposed for segmenting and classifying brain tumors. Segmentation of brain tumors using the DeeplabV3+ model is first performed with tuning of hyperparameters using Bayesian optimization. For classification, features from state-of-the-art deep learning models Darknet53 and mobilenetv2 are extracted and fed to SVM for classification, and hyperparameters of SVM are also optimized using a Bayesian approach. The second step is to understand whatever portion of the images CNN uses for feature extraction using XAI algorithms. Using confusion entropy, the Uncertainty of the Bayesian optimized classifier is finally quantified. Based on a Bayesian-optimized deep learning framework, the experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms earlier techniques, achieving a 97 % classification accuracy and a 0.98 global accuracy."
3302,brain tumour,39128581,Deguelin inhibits the glioblastoma progression through suppressing CCL2/NFκB signaling pathway.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary intracranial tumor with characteristics of high aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Deguelin, a component from the bark of Leguminosae Mundulea sericea (African plant), displays antiproliferative effects in some tumors, however, the inhibitory effect and mechanism of deguelin on GBM were still poorly understood. At first, we found that deguelin reduced the viability of GBM cells by causing cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and inducing their apoptosis. Secondly, deguelin inhibited the migration of GBM cells. Next, RNA-seq analysis identified that CCL2 (encoding chemokine CCL2) was downregulated significantly in deguelin-treated GBM cells. As reported, CCL2 promoted the cell growth, and CCL2 was associated with regulating NFκB signaling pathway, as well as involved in modulating tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, we found that deguelin inactivated CCL2/NFκB signaling pathway, and exougous CCL2 could rescue the anti-inhibitory effect of deguelin on GBM cells via upregulating NFκB. Finally, we established a syngeneic intracranial orthotopic GBM model and found that deguelin regressed the tumor growth, contributed to an anti-tumorigenic TME and inhibited angiogenesis of GBM by suppressing CCL2/NFκB in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest the anti-GBM effect of deguelin via inhibiting CCL2/NFκB pathway, which may provide a new strategy for the treatment of GBM."
3303,brain tumour,39128571,Alpha-synuclein fine-tunes neuronal response to pro-inflammatory cytokines.,"Pro-inflammatory cytokines are emerging as neuroinflammatory mediators in Parkinson's disease (PD) due to their ability to act through neuronal cytokine receptors. Critical questions persist regarding the role of cytokines in neuronal dysfunction and their contribution to PD pathology. Specifically, the potential synergy of the hallmark PD protein alpha-synuclein (α-syn) with cytokines is of interest. We therefore investigated the direct impact of pro-inflammatory cytokines on neurons and hypothesized that α-syn pathology exacerbates cytokine-induced neuronal deficits in PD. iPSC-derived cortical neurons (CNs) from healthy controls and patients with α-syn gene locus duplication (SNCA dupl) were stimulated with IL-17A, TNF-α, IFN-γ, or a combination thereof. For rescue experiments, CNs were pre-treated with α-syn anti-oligomerisation compound NPT100-18A prior to IL-17A stimulation. Cytokine receptor expression, microtubule cytoskeleton, axonal transport and neuronal activity were assessed. SNCA dupl CNs displayed an increased IL-17A receptor expression and impaired IL-17A-mediated cytokine receptor regulation. Cytokines exacerbated the altered distribution of tubulin post-translational modifications in SNCA dupl neurites, with SNCA dupl-specific IL-17A effects. Tau pathology in SNCA dupl CNs was also aggravated by IL-17A and cytokine mix. Cytokines slowed down mitochondrial axonal transport, with IL-17A-mediated retrograde slowing in SNCA dupl only. The pre-treatment of SNCA dupl CNs with NPT100-18A prevented the IL-17A-induced functional impairments in axonal transport and neural activity. Our work elucidates the detrimental effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-17A, on human neuronal structure and function in the context of α-syn pathology, suggesting that cytokine-mediated inflammation represents a second hit to neurons in PD which is amenable to disease modifying therapies that are currently in clinical trials."
3304,brain tumour,39128437,Innovative solutions? Belzutifan therapy for hemangioblastomas in Von Hippel-Lindau disease: A systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis.,"Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that predisposes patients to develop multiple cysts and tumors, such as hemangioblastomas (HBs) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), due to mutations in the VHL tumor suppressor gene. While treatment of HBs varies based on their characteristics and has improved patient survival, it still involves high morbidity and mortality, leading to ongoing debates and studies to refine therapy strategies. Recent developments include the emergence of Belzutifan, a novel inhibitor targeting hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α), which has shown promising results in ongoing trials, particularly for patients not immediately requiring surgery."
3305,brain tumour,39128427,Evaluating the impact of tubular retractors in glioma surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Achieving safe, maximal tumor resection in gliomas can be challenging due to the tumor's intricate relationship with surrounding structures. Tubular retractors offer a minimally invasive approach, preserving functional pathways and reducing complications. To assess their efficacy and safety, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis."
3306,brain tumour,39128303,Paeoniflorin suppresses ferroptosis after traumatic brain injury by antagonizing P53 acetylation.,"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) could induce multiple forms of cell death, ferroptosis, a novel form of cell death distinct from apoptosis and autophagy, plays an important role in disease progression in TBI. Therapies targeting ferroptosis are beneficial for recovery from TBI. Paeoniflorin (Pae) is a water-soluble monoterpene glycoside and the active ingredient of Paeonia lactiflora pall. It has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However The effects and mechanisms of paeoniflorin on secondary injury after TBI are unknown."
3307,brain tumour,39128187,Treating cancer-associated venous thromboembolism: A practical approach.,"Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common and potentially life-threatening complication in patients with cancer. Both cancer and its treatments increase the risk of developing VTE. Specific cancer types and individual patient comorbidities increase the risk of developing cancer-associated VTE, and the risk of bleeding is increased with anticoagulation therapies. The aims of this article are to summarize the latest evidence for treating cancer-associated VTE, discuss the practical considerations involved, and share best practices for VTE treatment in patients with cancer. The article pays particular attention to challenging contexts including patients with brain, lung, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tumors and those with hematological malignancies. Furthermore, the article summarizes specific clinical scenarios that require additional treatment considerations, including extremes of body weight, nausea and gastrointestinal disturbances, compromised renal function, and anemia, and touches upon the relevance of drug-drug interactions. Historically, vitamin K antagonists and low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) have been used as therapy for cancer-associated VTE. The development of direct oral anticoagulants has provided additional treatment options, which, in certain instances, offer advantages over LMWHs. There are numerous factors that need to be considered when treating cancer-associated VTE, and although various treatment guidelines are helpful, they do not reflect each unique scenario that may arise in clinical practice. This article provides a summary of the latest evidence and a practical approach for treating cancer-associated VTE."
3308,brain tumour,39128073,Mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleic Acid Copy Number Elevation As a Predictor for Extended Survival and Favorable Outcomes in High-Grade Brain Tumor Patients: A Malaysian Study.," Investigating the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations and their impact on brain tumor progression remains a significant focus in cancer research. The research aimed to explore the specific contributions of mtDNA copy number changes and their correlations with patient survival, large mtDNA deletions, and TFAM mutations in brain tumor patients."
3309,brain tumour,39127809,A real-world observation of patients with glioblastoma treated with a personalized peptide vaccine.,"Current treatment outcome of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remains poor. Following standard therapy, recurrence is universal with limited survival. Tumors from 173 GBM patients are analysed for somatic mutations to generate a personalized peptide vaccine targeting tumor-specific neoantigens. All patients were treated within the scope of an individual healing attempt. Among all vaccinated patients, including 70 treated prior to progression (primary) and 103 treated after progression (recurrent), the median overall survival from first diagnosis is 31.9 months (95% CI: 25.0-36.5). Adverse events are infrequent and are predominantly grade 1 or 2. A vaccine-induced immune response to at least one of the vaccinated peptides is detected in blood samples of 87 of 97 (90%) monitored patients. Vaccine-specific T-cell responses are durable in most patients. Significantly prolonged survival is observed for patients with multiple vaccine-induced T-cell responses (53 months) compared to those with no/low induced responses (27 months; P = 0.03). Altogether, our results highlight that the application of personalized neoantigen-targeting peptide vaccine is feasible and represents a promising potential treatment option for GBM patients."
3310,brain tumour,39127699,"Recurrent adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas show MAPK pathway activation, clonal evolution and rare TP53-loss-mediated malignant progression.","The two types of craniopharyngioma, adamantinomatous (ACP) and papillary (PCP), are clinically relevant tumours in children and adults. Although the biology of primary craniopharyngioma is starting to be unravelled, little is known about the biology of recurrence. To fill this gap in knowledge, we have analysed through methylation array, RNA sequencing and pERK1/2 immunohistochemistry a cohort of paired primary and recurrent samples (32 samples from 14 cases of ACP and 4 cases of PCP). We show the presence of copy number alterations and clonal evolution across recurrence in 6 cases of ACP, and analysis of additional whole genome sequencing data from the Children's Brain Tumour Network confirms chromosomal arm copy number changes in at least 7/67 ACP cases. The activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway, a feature previously shown in primary ACP, is observed in all but one recurrent cases of ACP. The only ACP without MAPK activation is an aggressive case of recurrent malignant human craniopharyngioma harbouring a CTNNB1 mutation and loss of TP53. Providing support for a functional role of this TP53 mutation, we show that Trp53 loss in a murine model of ACP results in aggressive tumours and reduced mouse survival. Finally, we characterise the tumour immune infiltrate showing differences in the cellular composition and spatial distribution between ACP and PCP. Together, these analyses have revealed novel insights into recurrent craniopharyngioma and provided preclinical evidence supporting the evaluation of MAPK pathway inhibitors and immunomodulatory approaches in clinical trials in against recurrent ACP."
3311,brain tumour,39127694,"Revisiting gliomatosis cerebri in adult-type diffuse gliomas: a comprehensive imaging, genomic and clinical analysis.","Although gliomatosis cerebri (GC) has been removed as an independent tumor type from the WHO classification, its extensive infiltrative pattern may harbor a unique biological behavior. However, the clinical implication of GC in the context of the 2021 WHO classification is yet to be unveiled. This study investigated the incidence, clinicopathologic and imaging correlations, and prognostic implications of GC in adult-type diffuse glioma patients. Retrospective chart and imaging review of 1,211 adult-type diffuse glioma patients from a single institution between 2005 and 2021 was performed. Among 1,211 adult-type diffuse glioma patients, there were 99 (8.2%) patients with GC. The proportion of molecular types significantly differed between patients with and without GC (P = 0.017); IDH-wildtype glioblastoma was more common (77.8% vs. 66.5%), while IDH-mutant astrocytoma (16.2% vs. 16.9%) and oligodendroglioma (6.1% vs. 16.5%) were less common in patients with GC than in those without GC. The presence of contrast enhancement, necrosis, cystic change, hemorrhage, and GC type 2 were independent risk factors for predicting IDH mutation status in GC patients. GC remained as an independent prognostic factor (HR = 1.25, P = 0.031) in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients on multivariable analysis, along with clinical, molecular, and surgical factors. Overall, our data suggests that although no longer included as a distinct pathological entity in the WHO classification, recognition of GC may be crucial considering its clinical significance. There is a relatively high incidence of GC in adult-type diffuse gliomas, with different proportion according to molecular types between patients with and without GC. Imaging may preoperatively predict the molecular type in GC patients and may assist clinical decision-making. The prognostic role of GC promotes its recognition in clinical settings."
3312,brain tumour,39127687,Acute acquired comitant esotropia associated with Lhermitte-Duclos disease: a case report.,"Acute acquired comitant esotropia caused by prolonged near work, such as the use of digital devices, has been frequently reported in recent years. However, intracranial examination is necessary even for patients with nonparalytic comitant esotropia. Lhermitte-Duclos disease is a rare tumor that grows in layers in the cerebellum. Among those with this disease, cases of esotropia have been reported due to abduction limitation of the eye, but there have been no reports of comitant esotropia. Here, we report the case of a young woman with acute acquired comitant esotropia who was found to have Lhermitte-Duclos disease."
3313,brain tumour,39127670,Targeting PI3K family with small-molecule inhibitors in cancer therapy: current clinical status and future directions.,"The Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) family is well-known to comprise three classes of intracellular enzymes. Class I PI3Ks primarily function in signaling by responding to cell surface receptor stimulation, while class II and III are more involved in membrane transport. Under normal physiological conditions, the PI3K signaling network orchestrates cell growth, division, migration and survival. Aberrant activation of the PI3K signaling pathway disrupts cellular activity and metabolism, often marking the onset of cancer. Currently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the clinical use of five class I PI3K inhibitors. These small-molecule inhibitors, which exhibit varying selectivity for different class I PI3K family members, are primarily used in the treatment of breast cancer and hematologic malignancies. Therefore, the development of novel class I PI3K inhibitors has been a prominent research focus in the field of oncology, aiming to enhance potential therapeutic selectivity and effectiveness. In this review, we summarize the specific structures of PI3Ks and their functional roles in cancer progression. Additionally, we critically evaluate small molecule inhibitors that target class I PI3K, with a particular focus on their clinical applications in cancer treatment. Moreover, we aim to analyze therapeutic approaches for different types of cancers marked by aberrant PI3K activation and to identify potential molecular targets amenable to intervention with small-molecule inhibitors. Ultimately, we propose future directions for the development of therapeutic strategies that optimize cancer treatment outcomes by modulating the PI3K family."
3314,brain tumour,39127414,Prognostic prediction and immune checkpoint profiling in glioma patients through neddylation-associated features.,"Gliomas are the most common primary malignant tumours of the central nervous system, and neddylation may be a potential target for the treatment of gliomas. Our study analysed neddylation's potential role in gliomas of different pathological types and its correlation with immunotherapy."
3315,brain tumour,39127383,The Prognostic Utility of Frailty on the Outcomes of Primary Brain Tumor Surgery Patients: A Meta-Analysis.,"Frailty refers to a state of weakness that can arise due to age or illnesses, and frailty predisposes individuals to several adverse health outcomes. This has been postulated to prognosticate the outcome of various surgeries, including surgeries for primary brain tumors; however, no meta-analysis has validated this finding."
3316,brain tumour,39127380,Video-Based Performance Analysis in Pituitary Surgery - Part 2: Artificial Intelligence Assisted Surgical Coaching.,"Superior surgical skill improves surgical outcomes in endoscopic pituitary adenoma surgery. Video-based coaching programs, pioneered in professional sports, have shown promise in surgical training. In this study, we developed and assessed a video-based coaching program using artificial intelligence (AI) assistance."
3317,brain tumour,39127332,Urban residential greenness and cancer mortality: Evaluating the causal mediation role of air pollution in a large cohort.,"Evidence linking greenness to all-site and site-specific cancers remains limited, and the complex role of air pollution in this pathway is unclear. We aimed to fill these gaps by using a large cohort in southern China. A total of 654,115 individuals were recruited from 2009 to 2015 and followed-up until December 2020. We calculated the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in a 500-m buffer around the participants' residences to represent the greenness exposure. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to evaluate the impact of greenness on the risk of all-site and site-specific cancer mortality. Additionally, we assessed both the mediation and interaction roles of air pollution (i.e., PM"
3318,brain tumour,39127301,The neuroprotective effects of alpha lipoic acid in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in mice via activating PI3K/AKT pathway and antagonizing related inflammatory cascades.,"Parkinson's disease (PD) is an idiopathic disease caused by the loss or degeneration of the dopaminergic (dopamine-producing) neurons in the brain and characterized by various inflammatory and apoptotic responses in the neuronal cells. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) axis is responsible for neuronal survival by providing a number of anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic milieu that prevent the progression of PD. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural cofactor that has antioxidant capacity and contributes to various metabolic processes. ALA can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and contribute to numerous neuroprotective effects. It can activate PI3K/AKT pathway with consequent reduction of different inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers. Our work aims to unfold the neuroprotective effects of ALA via targeting PI3k/AKT pathway. Forty male mice were divided into four groups: control, ALA (100 mg/kg/day; i.p.), rotenone (ROT) (1.5 mg/kg/2 days, i.p.) and rotenone + ALA for 21 days. ALA showed obvious neuroprotective effects via significant activation of PI3K/AKT pathway with subsequent decreasing level of Caspase-3. ALA resulted in prominent anti-inflammatory actions by decreasing interlukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nuclear factor kabba (NFk)-B. ALA remarkably induced antioxidant activities via increasing reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels as well as decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) level. The substantial behavioral improvement reflected in these results was noticed in the ALA-treated mice as a reflection of the neuroprotective activities of ALA. In conclusion, ALA showed promising neuroprotective effects in rotenone-induced PD via activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and consequent inhibition of apoptotic and inflammatory biomarkers."
3319,brain tumour,39127176,Efficacy and Safety of KRASG12C Inhibitor IBI351 Monotherapy in Patients With Advanced NSCLC: Results From a Phase 2 Pivotal Study.,"KRAS glycine-to-cysteine substitution at codon 12 (G12C) mutation is a well-recognized and increasingly promising therapeutic target with huge unmet clinical needs in NSCLC patients. IBI351 is a potent covalent and irreversible inhibitor of KRAS G12C. Here, we present the efficacy and safety of IBI351 from an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 pivotal study."
3320,brain tumour,39126719,"Intracranial ependymomas in pediatric patients: patterns of care, disparities, and survival outcomes from the National Cancer Database.","This study aimed to extract and analyze comprehensive data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to gain insights into the epidemiological prevalence, treatment patterns, and survival outcomes associated with intracranial ependymomas in pediatric patients."
3321,brain tumour,39126717,Noninvasive evaluation of the glymphatic system in diffuse gliomas using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space.,The aim of this study was to noninvasively explore the glymphatic system (GS) in glioma and its association with glioma characteristics and prognosis by using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS).
3322,brain tumour,39126591,Sodium fluorescein and 5-aminolevulinic acid fluorescence- guided biopsy in brain lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Stereotactic brain biopsies are highly efficient for diagnosing intracerebral pathologies, particularly when surgical resection is infeasible. Fluorescence-based agents such as 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and fluorescein sodium (NaFl) can enhance diagnostic accuracy and safety, improving the visualization of lesional tissues. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate their effect on diagnostic yield and complication rates of brain biopsies."
3323,brain tumour,39126374,Fertility preservation in pediatric central nervous system tumors: A report from the Children's Oncology Group.,"The Oncofertility Consortium Pediatric Initiative Network has published recommendations about the risks of infertility due to gonadotoxic therapy. We abstracted gonadotoxic therapies from central nervous system (CNS) Children's Oncology Group (COG) protocols between 2000 and 2022. We assigned them as unknown, minimal, significant, or high levels of increased risk for gonadal dysfunction/infertility. Seven of 11 CNS protocols placed patients at a high level of risk in at least one treatment arm. Males (7/11) were most commonly at a high level of risk, followed by pubertal females (6/11) and prepubertal females (5/11), highlighting the importance of pre-treatment counseling regarding fertility preservation interventions in this population."
3324,brain tumour,39126369,"Experiences of families post treatment for childhood brain tumours during medical clinic consultations regarding health-related quality of life, unmet needs and communication barriers: A qualitative exploration.","Many studies highlight poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children treated for brain tumours and their parents. However, little is known about the extent to which their informational, healthcare and communication needs regarding HRQoL are met during medical outpatient consultations."
3325,brain tumour,39126294,Immune landscape of isocitrate dehydrogenase-stratified primary and recurrent human gliomas.,"Human gliomas are classified using isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status as a prognosticator; however, the influence of genetic differences and treatment effects on ensuing immunity remains unclear."
3326,brain tumour,39126064,Molecular and Pathological Features of Paediatric High-Grade Gliomas.,"Paediatric high-grade gliomas are among the most common malignancies found in children. Despite morphological similarities to their adult counterparts, there are profound biological and molecular differences. Furthermore, and thanks to molecular biology, the diagnostic pathology of paediatric high-grade gliomas has experimented a dramatic shift towards molecular classification, with important prognostic implications, as is appropriately reflected in both the current WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System and the WHO Classification of Paediatric Tumours. Emphasis is placed on histone 3, IDH1, and IDH2 alterations, and on Receptor of Tyrosine Kinase fusions. In this review we present the current diagnostic categories from the diagnostic pathology perspective including molecular features."
3327,brain tumour,39126055,Case Report: Molecular Analyses of Cell-Cycle-Related Genes in Cortical Brain Tissue of a Patient with Rasmussen Encephalitis.,"Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) stands as a rare neurological disorder marked by progressive cerebral hemiatrophy and epilepsy resistant to medical treatment. Despite extensive study, the primary cause of RE remains elusive, while its histopathological features encompass cortical inflammation, neuronal degeneration, and gliosis. The underlying molecular mechanisms driving disease progression remain largely unexplored. In this case study, we present a patient with RE who underwent hemispherotomy and has remained seizure-free for over six months, experiencing gradual motor improvement. Furthermore, we conducted molecular analysis on the excised brain tissue, unveiling a decrease in the expression of cell-cycle-associated genes coupled with elevated levels of BDNF and TNF-α proteins. These findings suggest the potential involvement of cell cycle regulators in the progression of RE."
3328,brain tumour,39126040,Intratumoral Cell Heterogeneity in Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Cell Lines Revealed by Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing.,"Glioblastoma cell lines derived from different patients are widely used in tumor biology research and drug screening. A key feature of glioblastoma is the high level of inter- and intratumor heterogeneity that accounts for treatment resistance. Our aim was to investigate whether intratumor heterogeneity is maintained in cell models. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to investigate the cellular composition of a tumor sample and six patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines. Three cell lines preserved the mutational profile of the original tumor, whereas three others differed from their precursors. Copy-number variation analysis showed significantly rearranged genomes in all the cell lines and in the tumor sample. The tumor had the most complex cell composition, including cancer cells and microenvironmental cells. Cell lines with a conserved genome had less diverse cellularity, and during cultivation, a relative increase in the stem-cell-derived progenitors was noticed. Cell lines with genomes different from those of the primary tumors mainly contained neural progenitor cells and microenvironmental cells. The establishment of cell lines without the driver mutations that are intrinsic to the original tumors may be related to the selection of clones or cell populations during cultivation. Thus, patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines differ substantially in their cellular profile, which should be taken into account in translational studies."
3329,brain tumour,39125966,Effect of Ferulic Acid Loaded in Nanoparticle on Tissue Transglutaminase Expression Levels in Human Glioblastoma Cell Line.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive cancers, characterized by a decrease in antioxidant levels. Evidence has demonstrated that ferulic acid (FA), a natural antioxidant particularly abundant in vegetables and fruits, could be a promising candidate for GBM treatment. Since FA shows a high instability that compromises its therapeutic application, it has been encapsulated into Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) to improve its bioavailability in the brain. It has been demonstrated that tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a multi-functional protein implicated in many physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. TG2 is also involved in GBM correlated with metastasis formation and drug resistance. Therefore, the evaluation of TG2 expression levels and its cellular localization are important to assess the anti-cancer effect of FA against GBM cancer. Our results have demonstrated that treatment with free FA and FA-NLCs in the U87-MG cancer cell line differently modified TG2 localization and expression levels. In the cells treated with free FA, TG2 appeared expressed both in the cytosol and in the nucleus, while the treatment with FA-NLCs showed that the protein is exclusively localized in the cytosol, exerting its pro-apoptotic effect. Therefore, our data suggest that FA loaded in NLCs could represent a promising natural agent for supplementing the current anti-cancer drugs used for the treatment of GBM."
3330,brain tumour,39125907,Proteomic Analysis Reveals Physiological Activities of Aβ Peptide for Alzheimer's Disease.,"With the rapid progress in deciphering the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), it has been widely accepted that the accumulation of misfolded amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain could cause the neurodegeneration in AD. Although much evidence demonstrates the neurotoxicity of Aβ, the role of Aβ in the nervous system are complex. However, more comprehensive studies are needed to understand the physiological effect of Aβ"
3331,brain tumour,39125841,Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Stimulates ER to Golgi Ceramide Traffic to Promote Survival in T98G Glioma Cells.,"Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and fatal brain tumor among human cancers. Ceramide (Cer) and Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) have emerged as bioeffector molecules that control several biological processes involved in both cancer development and resistance. Cer acts as a tumor suppressor, inhibiting cancer progression, promoting apoptosis, enhancing immunotherapy and sensitizing cells to chemotherapy. In contrast, S1P functions as an onco-promoter molecule, increasing proliferation, survival, invasiveness, and resistance to drug-induced apoptosis. The pro-survival PI3K/Akt pathway is a recognized downstream target of S1P, and we have previously demonstrated that in glioma cells it also improves Cer transport and metabolism towards complex sphingolipids in glioma cells. Here, we first examined the possibility that, in T98G glioma cells, S1P may regulate Cer metabolism through PI3K/Akt signaling. Our research showed that exogenous S1P increases the rate of vesicular trafficking of Cer from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus through S1P receptor-mediated activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Interestingly, the effect of S1P results in cell protection against toxicity arising from Cer accumulation in the ER, highlighting the role of S1P as a survival factor to escape from the Cer-generating cell death response."
3332,brain tumour,39125761,"MiR-223-3p in Cancer Development and Cancer Drug Resistance: Same Coin, Different Faces.","MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are mighty post-transcriptional regulators in cell physiology and pathophysiology. In this review, we focus on the role of miR-223-3p (henceforth miR-223) in various cancer types. MiR-223 has established roles in hematopoiesis, inflammation, and most cancers, where it can act as either an oncogenic or oncosuppressive miRNA, depending on specific molecular landscapes. MiR-223 has also been linked to either the sensitivity or resistance of cancer cells to treatments in a context-dependent way. Through this detailed review, we highlight that for some cancers (i.e., breast, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and glioblastoma), the oncosuppressive role of miR-223 is consistently reported in the literature, while for others (i.e., colorectal, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers, and acute lymphocytic leukemia), an oncogenic role prevails. In prostate cancer and other hematological malignancies, although an oncosuppressive role is frequently described, there is less of a consensus. Intriguingly, "
3333,brain tumour,39125693,Utilizing Plasma-Based Next-Generation Sequencing to Expedite the Diagnostic Process in Suspected Lung Cancer: A Case Report.,"Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Fortunately, the advent of precision medicine, which includes targeted therapy and immunotherapy, offers hope. However, identifying specific mutations is imperative before initiating precise medications. Traditional methods, such as real-time PCR examination of individual mutations, are time-consuming. Contemporary techniques, such as tissue- and plasma-based next-generation sequencing (NGS), allow comprehensive genome analysis concurrently. Notably, plasma-based NGS has a shorter turnaround time (TAT) and thus a shorter time-to-treatment (TTT). In this case report, we demonstrate the benefits of plasma-based NGS before pathological diagnosis in a patient with image-suspected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). An 82-year-old Taiwanese woman presented with lower back pain persisting for one month and left-sided weakness for two weeks. Whole-body computed tomography (CT) revealed lesions suspicious for brain and bone metastases, along with a mass consistent with a primary tumor in the left upper lobe, indicative of advanced NSCLC with T4N3M1c staging. The patient underwent a bronchoscopic biopsy on Day 0, and the preliminary report that came out on Day 1 was suggestive of metastatic NSCLC. Blood was also collected for plasma-based NGS on Day 0. The patient was Coronavirus disease 2019-positive and was treated with molnupiravir on Day 6. On Day 7, pathology confirmed pulmonary adenocarcinoma, and the results of plasma-based NGS included EGFR L858R mutation. The patient was started on targeted therapy (afatinib) on Day 9. Unfortunately, the patient died of hypoxic respiratory failure on Day 26, a complication of underlying viral infection. Plasma-based NGS offers a rapid and efficient means of mutation detection in NSCLC, streamlining treatment initiation and potentially improving the negative emotions of patients. Its utility, particularly in regions with a high prevalence of specific mutations, such as EGFR alterations in East Asian populations, highlights its relevance in guiding personalized therapy decisions."
3334,brain tumour,39125680,Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of ,"Inflammatory processes in the brain can exert important neuroprotective functions. However, in neurological and psychiatric disorders, it is often detrimental due to chronic microglial over-activation and the dysregulation of cytokines and chemokines. Growing evidence indicates the emerging yet prominent pathophysiological role of neuroinflammation in the development and progression of these disorders. Despite recent advances, there is still a pressing need for effective therapies, and targeting neuroinflammation is a promising approach. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory potential of a marketed and quantified proprietary herbal extract of "
3335,brain tumour,39125619,PDE4D: A Multipurpose Pharmacological Target.,"Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzymes catalyze cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) hydrolysis and are involved in a variety of physiological processes, including brain function, monocyte and macrophage activation, and neutrophil infiltration. Among different PDE4 isoforms, Phosphodiesterases 4D (PDE4Ds) play a fundamental role in cognitive, learning and memory consolidation processes and cancer development. Selective PDE4D inhibitors (PDE4Dis) could represent an innovative and valid therapeutic strategy for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Lou Gehrig's diseases, but also for stroke, traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, mild cognitive impairment, and all demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. In addition, small molecules able to block PDE4D isoforms have been recently studied for the treatment of specific cancer types, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer. This review overviews the PDE4DIsso far identified and provides useful information, from a medicinal chemistry point of view, for the development of a novel series of compounds with improved pharmacological properties."
3336,brain tumour,39125542,"Emerging Head and Neck Tumor Targeting Contrast Agents for the Purpose of CT, MRI, and Multimodal Diagnostic Imaging: A Molecular Review.",The diagnosis and treatment of head and neck tumors present significant challenges due to their infiltrative nature and diagnostic hindrances such as the blood-brain barrier. The intricate anatomy of the head and neck region also complicates the clear identification of tumor boundaries and assessment of tumor characteristics.
3337,brain tumour,39125270,A Novel Strategy for Glioblastoma Treatment by Natural Bioactive Molecules Showed a Highly Effective Anti-Cancer Potential.,Glioblastoma (GBM) is a severe form of brain tumor that has a high fatality rate. It grows aggressively and most of the time results in resistance to traditional treatments like chemo- and radiotherapy and surgery
3338,brain tumour,39125187,Folic-Acid-Conjugated Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles Loaded with Gallic Acid Induce Glioblastoma Cell Death by Reactive-Oxygen-Species-Induced Stress.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) conventional treatment is not curative, and it is associated with severe toxicity. Thus, natural compounds with anti-cancer properties and lower systemic toxicity, such as gallic acid (GA), have been explored as alternatives. However, GA's therapeutic effects are limited due to its rapid metabolism, low bioavailability, and low permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This work aimed to develop poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) modified with folic acid (FA), as its receptor is overexpressed in BBB and GBM cells, for GA delivery to enhance its therapeutic efficacy. The preparation of NPs was optimized by a central composite design (CCD). The obtained NPs showed physicochemical features suitable for drug internalization in BBB and tumor cells (sizes below 200 nm, monodispersity, and negative surface charge) and the ability to maintain a slow and sustained release for 40 days. In vitro studies using a human GBM cell line (U215) revealed the NPs' ability to accumulate in the target cells, further promoting GA antiproliferative activity by inducing the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, GA encapsulation in the developed nanosystems conferred higher protection to healthy cells."
3339,brain tumour,39124882,"Molecular Hybrid Design, Synthesis, In Vitro Cytotoxicity, In Silico ADME and Molecular Docking Studies of New Benzoate Ester-Linked Arylsulfonyl Hydrazones.","In this paper, we present the synthesis and characterization of two known sulfonyl hydrazides ("
3340,brain tumour,39124548,"Quantitative Analysis of the Effect of Neuromuscular Blockade on Motor-Evoked Potentials in Patients Undergoing Brain Tumor Removal Surgery: A Prospective, Single-Arm, Open-Label Observational Study.",
3341,brain tumour,39123577,"Probiotic Functions in Fermented Foods: Anti-Viral, Immunomodulatory, and Anti-Cancer Benefits.","Fermented foods can provide many benefits to our health. These foods are created by the action of microorganisms and help support our digestive health and immune system. Fermented foods include yogurt, "
3342,brain tumour,39123433,An Injury-like Signature of the Extracellular Glioma Metabolome.,"Aberrant metabolism is a hallmark of malignancies including gliomas. Intracranial microdialysis enables the longitudinal collection of extracellular metabolites within CNS tissues including gliomas and can be leveraged to evaluate changes in the CNS microenvironment over a period of days. However, delayed metabolic impacts of CNS injury from catheter placement could represent an important covariate for interpreting the pharmacodynamic impacts of candidate therapies. Intracranial microdialysis was performed in patient-derived glioma xenografts of glioma before and 72 h after systemic treatment with either temozolomide (TMZ) or a vehicle. Microdialysate from GBM164, an IDH-mutant glioma patient-derived xenograft, revealed a distinct metabolic signature relative to the brain that recapitulated the metabolic features observed in human glioma microdialysate. Unexpectedly, catheter insertion into the brains of non-tumor-bearing animals triggered metabolic changes that were significantly enriched for the extracellular metabolome of glioma itself. TMZ administration attenuated this resemblance. The human glioma microdialysate was significantly enriched for both the PDX versus brain signature in mice and the induced metabolome of catheter placement within the murine control brain. These data illustrate the feasibility of microdialysis to identify and monitor the extracellular metabolome of diseased versus relatively normal brains while highlighting the similarity between the extracellular metabolome of human gliomas and that of CNS injury."
3343,brain tumour,39123429,Neuro-Oncologic Veterinary Trial for the Clinical Transfer of Microbeam Radiation Therapy: Acute to Subacute Radiotolerance after Brain Tumor Irradiation in Pet Dogs.,"Synchrotron Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) has repeatedly proven its superiority compared with conventional radiotherapy for glioma control in preclinical research. The clinical transfer phase of MRT has recently gained momentum; seven dogs with suspected glioma were treated under clinical conditions to determine the feasibility and safety of MRT. We administered a single fraction of 3D-conformal, image-guided MRT. Ultra-high-dose rate synchrotron X-ray microbeams (50 µm-wide, 400 µm-spaced) were delivered through five conformal irradiation ports. The PTV received ~25 Gy peak dose (within microbeams) per port, corresponding to a minimal cumulated valley dose (diffusing between microbeams) of 2.8 Gy. The dogs underwent clinical and MRI follow-up, and owner evaluations. One dog was lost to follow-up. Clinical exams of the remaining six dogs during the first 3 months did not indicate radiotoxicity induced by MRT. Quality of life improved from 7.3/10 [±0.7] to 8.9/10 [±0.3]. Tumor-induced seizure activity decreased significantly. A significant tumor volume reduction of 69% [±6%] was reached 3 months after MRT. Our study is the first neuro-oncologic veterinary trial of 3D-conformal Synchrotron MRT and reveals that MRT does not induce acute to subacute radiotoxicity in normal brain tissues. MRT improves quality of life and leads to remarkable tumor volume reduction despite low valley dose delivery. This trial is an essential step towards the forthcoming clinical application of MRT against deep-seated human brain tumors."
3344,brain tumour,39123409,Single-Domain Antibodies as Antibody-Drug Conjugates: From Promise to Practice-A Systematic Review.,"Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent potent cancer therapies that deliver highly toxic drugs to tumor cells precisely, thus allowing for targeted treatment and significantly reducing off-target effects. Despite their effectiveness, ADCs can face limitations due to acquired resistance and potential side effects."
3345,brain tumour,39123394,"Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Central Nervous System Neoplasms in Adults: CNS Metastases.","Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms, with an increasing incidence that is due in part to an overall increase in primary cancers, improved neuroimaging modalities leading to increased detection, better systemic therapies, and longer patient survival."
3346,brain tumour,39123372,Glioma Type Prediction with Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging-A Standardized Multicenter Study.,"The aim was to explore the performance of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in differentiating the molecular subtypes of adult-type gliomas. A multicenter MRI study with standardized imaging protocols, including DCE-MRI and DKI data of 81 patients with WHO grade 2-4 gliomas, was performed at six centers. The DCE-MRI and DKI parameter values were quantitatively evaluated in ROIs in tumor tissue and contralateral normal-appearing white matter. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to differentiate between high-grade (HGG) vs. low-grade gliomas (LGG), IDH1/2 wildtype vs. mutated gliomas, and high-grade astrocytic tumors vs. high-grade oligodendrogliomas. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for each parameter and for the regression models to determine the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. Significant differences between tumor groups were found in the DCE-MRI and DKI parameters. A combination of DCE-MRI and DKI parameters revealed the best prediction of HGG vs. LGG (AUC = 0.954 (0.900-1.000)), IDH1/2 wildtype vs. mutated gliomas (AUC = 0.802 (0.702-0.903)), and astrocytomas/glioblastomas vs. oligodendrogliomas (AUC = 0.806 (0.700-0.912)) with the lowest Akaike information criterion. The combination of DCE-MRI and DKI seems helpful in predicting glioma types according to the 2021 World Health Organization's (WHO) classification."
3347,brain tumour,39123366,Glioblastoma Standard of Care: Effects on Tumor Evolution and Reverse Translation in Preclinical Models.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) presents a significant public health challenge as the deadliest and most common malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite standard-of-care treatment, which includes surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, mortality rates are high, underscoring the critical need for advancing GBM therapy. Over the past two decades, numerous clinical trials have been performed, yet only a small fraction demonstrated a benefit, raising concerns about the predictability of current preclinical models. Traditionally, preclinical studies utilize treatment-naïve tumors, failing to model the clinical scenario where patients undergo standard-of-care treatment prior to recurrence. Recurrent GBM generally exhibits distinct molecular alterations influenced by treatment selection pressures. In this review, we discuss the impact of treatment-surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy-on GBM. We also provide a summary of treatments used in preclinical models, advocating for their integration to enhance the translation of novel strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes in GBM."
3348,brain tumour,39123313,Novel machine-learning prediction tools for overall survival of patients with chondrosarcoma: Based on recursive partitioning analysis.,"Chondrosarcoma (CHS), a bone malignancy, poses a significant challenge due to its heterogeneous nature and resistance to conventional treatments. There is a clear need for advanced prognostic instruments that can integrate multiple prognostic factors to deliver personalized survival predictions for individual patients. This study aimed to develop a novel prediction tool based on recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) to improve the estimation of overall survival for patients with CHS."
3349,brain tumour,39123144,Repeated complete atrioventricular block during remifentanil administration in a pediatric patient with brain tumor and acute hydrocephalus: a case report.,"Remifentanil, an ultra-short-acting µ-opioid receptor agonist, is commonly used for anesthetic management due to excellent adjustability. Remifentanil is known to cause sinus bradycardia, however, because it has a direct negative chronotropic effect on the cardiac conduction system and there is an indirect negative chronotropic effect via the parasympathetic nervous system."
3350,brain tumour,39123083,GPR65 contributes to constructing immunosuppressive microenvironment in glioma.,"Glioma, especially glioblastoma patients, present highly heterogeneous and immunosuppressive microenvironment, leading to their poor response to treatment and survival. Targeting the tumor microenvironment is considered a promising therapeutic strategy. M2 macrophages are highly infiltrated in glioma tissue, even up to 50% of the total number of bulk tissue cells. Here, we identified GPR65 as the hub gene of the M2 macrophage-related module in glioma through WGCNA analysis. The expression and prognosis analysis suggested that GPR65 was positively correlated with the malignancy and poor prognosis of glioma, and the heterogeneity analysis found that GPR65 was highly expressed in the vascular proliferation area of glioma, which matched the spatial expression characteristics of M2 macrophages. We further verified that GPR65 was highly expressed in macrophages but not tumor cells in the glioma microenvironment by single-cell data analysis and immunofluorescence. Most importantly, we found that inhibition of GPR65 was sufficient to reduce macrophages' polarization response to glioma cell and break the malignant cooperation with glioma cells. Our study reports the expression characteristics and malignant behavior of GPR65 in the glioma microenvironment, which provides a new alternative target of treatment to glioma microenvironment."
3351,brain tumour,39122914,3D Slicer and 3D printing localization combined with neuroendoscopic surgery for the treatment of deep cerebral cavernous hemangioma.,"To explore the advantages and disadvantages of 3D Slicer reconstruction and 3D printing localization combined with transcranial neuroendoscope in the surgical treatment of deep cerebral micro cavernous hemangiomas. Method The clinical data of patients with deep cerebral micro cavernous hemangiomas treated by our hospital from June 2022 to February 2023 using 3D Slicer reconstruction and 3D printing localization technology combined with transcranial endoscopic surgery were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 5 cases with complete data were collected, including 2 males and 3 females, aged 9-59 years. All 5 patients had deep supratentorial cavernous hemangiomas with a diameter of less than 1.5 cm, and had clinical symptoms such as headache or epilepsy, and had been diagnosed by CT or MRI. Repeated bleeding from small cavernous hemangiomas in the deep brain can lead to clinical symptoms such as recurrent headache and epilepsy, and is required surgical treatment. However, cavernous hemangiomas often have smaller lesions and are difficult to locate in the deep part. Without neuronavigation, surgery can become extremely difficult. Our team's newly developed 3D Slicer reconstruction and 3D printing localization technology which could provide new options for surgical treatment of small cavernous hemangiomas or other small lesions in the deep brain, but its accuracy and safety still need to be verified by further clinical research."
3352,brain tumour,39122834,Clinical relevance of brain MRI changes in primary central nervous system lymphoma after high-dose-chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation.,"Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a potentially curable disease, but affected patients often struggle in everyday life due to disease- and therapy-associated sequelae. High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (HDC/ASCT) is the standard consolidation therapy, replacing whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) amongst others due to less long-term cognitive decline. Nevertheless, white matter lesions (WML) are common findings in brain MRI after HDC/ASCT, but their clinical significance remains underexplored. Here, we correlate WML and brain atrophy with neuropsychological and quality-of-life evaluations collected post-treatment. We found that a significant part of PNCSL long-term survivors develop a high WML burden after HDC/ASCT, but we fail to associate them with specific patient or therapy characteristics. Intriguingly, even a high WML burden does not seem to affect QoL, basic neurocognition testing or performance status negatively. These results contrast findings in previous neuroimaging studies on healthy and cancer patients."
3353,brain tumour,39122668,A prospective evaluation of succinct prednisone tapering after brain tumor irradiation in dogs.,"To ameliorate anticipated or ongoing neurological deficits, dogs undergoing brain tumor irradiation often are prescribed lengthy courses of prednisone PO during and after radiotherapy (RT). This practice can contribute to unwanted corticosteroid-associated morbidity and may be unnecessary."
3354,brain tumour,39122472,Comparison of arterial spin labeling and dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MR imaging in pediatric brain tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Brain tumors are a leading cause of mortality in children. Accurate tumor grading is essential to plan treatment and for prognostication. Perfusion imaging has been shown to correlate well with tumor grade in adults, however there are fewer studies in pediatric patients. Moreover, there is no consensus regarding which MR perfusion technique demonstrates the highest accuracy in the latter population."
3355,brain tumour,39122112,Video-Based Performance Analysis in Pituitary Surgery-Part 1: Surgical Outcomes.,"Endoscopic pituitary adenoma surgery has a steep learning curve, with varying surgical techniques and outcomes across centers. In other surgeries, superior performance is linked with superior surgical outcomes. This study aimed to explore the prediction of patient-specific outcomes using surgical video analysis in pituitary surgery."
3356,brain tumour,39121913,Dual perspective on autophagy in glioma: Detangling the dichotomous mechanisms of signaling pathways for therapeutic insights.,"Autophagy is a normal physiological process that aids the recycling of cellular nutrients, assisting the cells to cope with stressed conditions. However, autophagy's effect on cancer, including glioma, is uncertain and involves complicated molecular mechanisms. Several contradictory reports indicate that autophagy may promote or suppress glioma growth and progression. Autophagy inhibitors potentiate the efficacy of chemotherapy or radiation therapy in glioma. Numerous compounds stimulate autophagy to cause glioma cell death. Autophagy is also involved in the therapeutic resistance of glioma. This review article aims to detangle the complicated molecular mechanism of autophagy to provide a better perception of the two-sided role of autophagy in glioma and its therapeutic implications. The protein and epigenetic modulators of the cytoprotective and cytotoxic role of autophagy are described in this article. Moreover, several signaling pathways are associated with autophagy and its effects on glioma. We have reviewed the molecular pathways and highlighted the signaling axis involved in cytoprotective and cytotoxic autophagy. Additionally, this article discusses the role of autophagy in therapeutic resistance, including glioma stem cell maintenance and tumor microenvironment regulation. It also summarizes several investigations on the anti-glioma effects of autophagy modulators to understand the associated mechanisms and provide insights regarding its therapeutic implications."
3357,brain tumour,39121902,"Understanding spinal cord astrocytoma: Molecular mechanism, therapy, and comprehensive management.","Spinal cord astrocytoma is a rare and highly debilitating tumor, yet our knowledge of its clinical characteristics, molecular features, and pathogenesis remains limited compared to that of its counterparts in the brain. Current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for spinal cord astrocytomas are primarily based on established guidelines for brain astrocytomas. However, recent studies have revealed unique clinical and pathological attributes that distinguish spinal cord astrocytomas from their corresponding brain counterparts. These findings underscore the inadequacy of directly applying the clinical guidelines developed for brain astrocytomas to spinal astrocytomas. In this review, we provided an up-to-date overview of the advancements in understanding spinal cord astrocytomas. We also discussed the challenges and future research prospects in this field with the aim of improving the precision of diagnosis and therapy for these tumors. Specifically, we emphasized the importance of enhancing our understanding of the molecular heterogeneity, immune characteristics, and clinical trials of spinal cord astrocytomas."
3358,brain tumour,39121729,Astroglial membrane camouflaged Ptbp1 siRNA delivery hinders glutamate homeostasis via SDH/Nrf2 pathway.,"Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) regulates numerous alternative splicing events during tumor progression and neurogenesis. Previously, PTBP1 downregulation was reported to convert astrocytes into functional neurons; however, how PTBP1 regulates astrocytic physiology remains unclear. In this study, we revealed that PTBP1 modulated glutamate uptake via ATP1a2, a member of Na"
3359,brain tumour,39121253,"A rare association of pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, and pituitary adenoma (3PA): A case report and literature review.","3P association (3PA) is a rare condition with co-occurrence of pituitary adenoma and pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. There have been less than a hundred documented cases of 3PA, which can be sporadic or related to genetic mutations. The present case report describes the first Iranian patient with 3PA and a 90th case of 3PA in the available literature."
3360,brain tumour,39121170,Evolution of phenotypic plasticity leads to tumor heterogeneity with implications for therapy.,"Cancer is a significant global health issue, with treatment challenges arising from intratumor heterogeneity. This heterogeneity stems mainly from somatic evolution, causing genetic diversity within the tumor, and phenotypic plasticity of tumor cells leading to reversible phenotypic changes. However, the interplay of both factors has not been rigorously investigated. Here, we examine the complex relationship between somatic evolution and phenotypic plasticity, explicitly focusing on the interplay between cell migration and proliferation. This type of phenotypic plasticity is essential in glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of brain tumor. We propose that somatic evolution alters the regulation of phenotypic plasticity in tumor cells, specifically the reaction to changes in the microenvironment. We study this hypothesis using a novel, spatially explicit model that tracks individual cells' phenotypic and genetic states. We assume cells change between migratory and proliferative states controlled by inherited and mutation-driven genotypes and the cells' microenvironment. We observe that cells at the tumor edge evolve to favor migration over proliferation and vice versa in the tumor bulk. Notably, different genetic configurations can result in this pattern of phenotypic heterogeneity. We analytically predict the outcome of the evolutionary process, showing that it depends on the tumor microenvironment. Synthetic tumors display varying levels of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, which we show are predictors of tumor recurrence time after treatment. Interestingly, higher phenotypic heterogeneity predicts poor treatment outcomes, unlike genetic heterogeneity. Our research offers a novel explanation for heterogeneous patterns of tumor recurrence in glioblastoma patients."
3361,brain tumour,39121064,Insights into the dosimetric and geometric characteristics of stereotactic radiosurgery for multiple brain metastases: A systematic review.,GammaKnife (GK) and CyberKnife (CK) have been the mainstay stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) solution for multiple brain metastases (MBM) for several years. Recent technological advancement has seen an increase in single-isocentre C-arm linac-based SRS. This systematic review focuses on dosimetric and geometric insights into contemporary MBM SRS and thereby establish if linac-based SRS has matured to match the mainstay SRS delivery systems.
3362,brain tumour,39120903,Validity of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Evaluating Nerve Damage Following Chemotherapy.,"Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a substantial adverse effect of anticancer treatments. As such, the assessment of CIPN remains critically important in both research and clinic settings."
3363,brain tumour,39120826,Solitary isolated disseminations of glioblastoma to sellar and suprasellar regions: two case reports.,"Herein, we present two cases of isolated suprasellar dissemination of glioblastoma in patients with well-controlled primary lesions. A 22-year-old woman and a 56-year-old woman developed rapid growth of suprasellar glioblastoma dissemination 26 and 17 months after initial surgery, respectively. Both patients presented with acute visual impairment (decreased acuity and visual field disturbances) but lacked severe pituitary dysfunction. During surgery for the disseminated tumors, gross total tumor resection was difficult due to intraoperative findings suggesting optic pathway invasion. Both patients developed further intracranial dissemination within several months post-surgery. The presence of solitary sellar and suprasellar dissemination may indicate a terminal stage."
3364,brain tumour,39120804,Route patterns of the collateral venous pathway in patients with tumors invading the superior sagittal sinus: an angiographic study and clinical applications.,"Chronic occlusion of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) by tumors in the midsagittal region causes the collateral venous pathway (CVP). Understanding common patterns of CVP is helpful in reducing surgical complications. This study aimed to investigate the CVP found in patients with SSS-invading tumors, and to provide information on the prevention of operative venous complications. From January 2015 to December 2022, this retrospective study collected patients with tumors that invaded the SSS and underwent digital subtraction angiography of intracranial vessels. Data collected included sex, age, tumor pathology, tumor location along the SSS, tumor side, degree of obstruction of the SSS, types and route patterns of the CVP, and the distance between the tumor and the diploic vein (DV). Twenty patients (6 males, 14 females) were recruited. The prevalence of CVP types was 90% for DV, 35% for end-to-end anastomosis of superficial cortical vein, 15% for meningeal vein, and 20% for other types of CVP. The pteriofrontoparietal and occipitoparietal diploic routes were found on the cerebral hemisphere contralateral to the tumor significantly more than in the cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to the tumor. Of all patients with presence of collateral DV, 61% had a very close (less than 1 cm) distance between the nearest DV and tumor attachment in the SSS. DV in the cerebral hemisphere contralateral to the tumor was the most common type of CVP found in patients with tumor-induced SSS obstruction. Most of the collateral DV was located very close to the SSS tumor attachment. Neurosurgeons should realize these findings when planning a craniotomy."
3365,brain tumour,39120747,Implementation of PET/CT in radiation oncology-a patterns-of-care analysis of the German Society of Nuclear Medicine and the German Society of Radiation Oncology.,The use of positron-emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in radiation therapy (RT) has increased. Radiation oncologists (RadOncs) have access to PET/CT with a variety of tracers for different tumor entities and use it for target volume definition. The German Society of Nuclear Medicine (DGN) and the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO) aimed to identify current patterns of care in order to improve interdisciplinary collaboration.
3366,brain tumour,39120122,Three-Dimensional Visualization of Breast Cancer Pathology Evolution in Clinical Patient Tissues with NIR-II Imaging.,"Breast cancer (BC) is the most common tumor worldwide and requires crucial molecular typing for treatment and prognosis assessment. Currently, approaches like pathological staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF) face limitations due to the low signal-to-background ratio (SBR) and high tumor heterogeneity, resulting in a high misdiagnosis rate. Fluorescent assay in the second near-infrared region (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) exhibits ultrahigh SBR owing to diminished scattering and tissue autofluorescence. Here, we present a NIR-II strategy for accurate BC molecular typing and three-dimensional (3D) visualization based on the atomically precise fluorescent Au"
3367,brain tumour,39120072,Evaluation of ST6Gal1 expression and clinicopathological significance in human glioma.,"Glioma is the most common brain tumor, accounting for a large majority of cancer-related deaths. β-galactoside α2, 6 sialyltranferase 1 (ST6Gal1), the primary enzyme responsible for the conjugation of α2, 6 sialic acids to protein and lipid targets, is strongly associated with the occurrence and development of several brain tumor types. Still, the expression, targets, and functions of ST6Gal1 in glioma patients remain undetermined. As sialylation of the Ig-like cell adhesion family molecules have prominent roles in the latter's regulation in other biological contexts, we screened for members that have potential to be regulated by ST6Gal1 in silico and examined co-expressed protein modules using data derived from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and we identified neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM1) as a major ST6Gal1-interacting target. Bioinformatic binding analysis confirmed the interaction of ST6Gal1 and NCAM1. Immunohistochemistry was then used to evaluate post-operative samples from 156 patients with gliomas. ST6Gal1 and NCAM1 were co-expressed in gliomas, and their expression correlated significantly (p = 0.002) by univariate analysis. Our study also found that the expression levels of both ST6Gal1 and NCAM1 corresponded negatively with glioma grade, isocitrate dehydrogenase ("
3368,brain tumour,39119927,A multicenter study on deep learning for glioblastoma auto-segmentation with prior knowledge in multimodal imaging.,"A precise radiotherapy plan is crucial to ensure accurate segmentation of glioblastomas (GBMs) for radiation therapy. However, the traditional manual segmentation process is labor-intensive and heavily reliant on the experience of radiation oncologists. In this retrospective study, a novel auto-segmentation method is proposed to address these problems. To assess the method's applicability across diverse scenarios, we conducted its development and evaluation using a cohort of 148 eligible patients drawn from four multicenter datasets and retrospective data collection including noncontrast CT, multisequence MRI scans, and corresponding medical records. All patients were diagnosed with histologically confirmed high-grade glioma (HGG). A deep learning-based method (PKMI-Net) for automatically segmenting gross tumor volume (GTV) and clinical target volumes (CTV1 and CTV2) of GBMs was proposed by leveraging prior knowledge from multimodal imaging. The proposed PKMI-Net demonstrated high accuracy in segmenting, respectively, GTV, CTV1, and CTV2 in an 11-patient test set, achieving Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) of 0.94, 0.95, and 0.92; 95% Hausdorff distances (HD95) of 2.07, 1.18, and 3.95 mm; average surface distances (ASD) of 0.69, 0.39, and 1.17 mm; and relative volume differences (RVD) of 5.50%, 9.68%, and 3.97%. Moreover, the vast majority of GTV, CTV1, and CTV2 produced by PKMI-Net are clinically acceptable and require no revision for clinical practice. In our multicenter evaluation, the PKMI-Net exhibited consistent and robust generalizability across the various datasets, demonstrating its effectiveness in automatically segmenting GBMs. The proposed method using prior knowledge in multimodal imaging can improve the contouring accuracy of GBMs, which holds the potential to improve the quality and efficiency of GBMs' radiotherapy."
3369,brain tumour,39119532,O-ARM navigation in tubular retractor-assisted minimal invasive parafascicular approach: technical note.,"Trans-sulcal minimally invasive parafascicular surgery is an emerging technique to approach deep lesions with minimal brain retraction. Localization of the tubular retractor during surgery is critical, and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging and neuronavigation present limitations. We describe the intraoperative use of O-Arm® coupled with pre-operative tractography to precisely localize the tubular retractor. With air acting as contrast, the tubular retractor was localized in three dimensions, without any additional disruption to white matter tracts or nearby vascular structures. We conclude that visualization of tubular retractor using an intraoperative computerized tomography scan is a safe and feasible adjunct in resection of deep lesions via a minimally invasive approach."
3370,brain tumour,39119418,Wrong Tissue at the Wrong Place: A Rare Case of Hypopituitarism Secondary to Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.,"Metastasis to the pituitary gland is a very rare occurrence. The most common primary cancer that metastasizes to the pituitary are breast cancer and lung cancer. Most of the pituitary metastases are asymptomatic. The most commonly reported symptoms include anterior pituitary dysfunction, visual field defects, headaches, and diabetes insipidus. Metastasis from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is very rare. Here, we present the case of a 59-year-old male who presented with vision changes, fatigue, low libido, a low appetite, and excessive thirst. The hormonal evaluation was consistent with panhypopituitarism, and he was started on hydrocortisone, levothyroxine, testosterone, and desmopressin. Brain MRI showed a suprasellar enhancing mass that progressively increased in size. He underwent endoscopic endonasal transplanum and transtuberculum approach for tumor removal. Biopsy of the tumor was reported as metastatic RCC. He was later scheduled for a gamma knife. Metastatic RCC to pituitary is rare, with most being asymptomatic, leading to a delay in diagnosis. Treatment of pituitary metastases is not standardized and should be tailored to patients' clinical conditions, histology, and the presence of extrapituitary metastases. More prospective studies are needed to formulate guidelines for the management of pituitary metastases."
3371,brain tumour,39119128,Salivary biomarkers for the diagnosis of gastric cancer: a systematic review.,"Recent advancements reveal saliva as a crucial source of diagnostic biomarkers for various diseases, notably gastric cancer. This systematic review evaluates these biomarkers, emphasizing their clinical applicability and potential in early detection."
3372,brain tumour,39118880,Intracranial response to capmatinib after progression on crizotinib in a patient with ,"Capmatinib, a potent and selective "
3373,brain tumour,39118877,Timing of stereotactic radiosurgery within the first-line systemic treatment in non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases: a retrospective single-center cohort study.,"Stereotactic radiosurgery/radiotherapy (SRS/SRT) and novel systemic treatments, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have demonstrated to be effective in managing brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the optimal treatment sequence of SRS/SRT and TKI/ICI remains uncertain. This retrospective monocentric analysis addresses this question by comparing the outcomes of patients with NSCLC brain metastases who received upfront SRS/SRT versus those who were initially treated with TKI/ICI."
3374,brain tumour,39118481,A multivariate retrospective analysis of high-grade gliomas: Survival and prognostic factors.,"High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are highly malignant, aggressive, and have a high incidence and mortality rate. The aim of this study was to investigate survival outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with HGGs."
3375,brain tumour,39118342,[Clinical observation of 7 cases of functional pituitary neuroendocrine tumor treated by endoscopic transnasal selective resection of the cavernous sinus medial wall].,"The clinical data of 7 patients (3 males and 4 females) with functional pituitary neuroendocrine tumor treated by endoscopic transnasal resection of the cavernous sinus medial wall from May to October 2023 in the Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China were retrospectively analyzed. They ranged in age from 29 to 60, with an average age of 45. The clinical diagnosis was acromegaly in 5 cases and Cushing's disease in 2 cases. There were 1 cases of microadenoma and 6 cases of macroadenoma. Knosp grade: Grade 1 adenoma in 3 cases, grade 2 adenoma in 3 cases and grade 3A adenoma in 1 case. Intraoperative resection of cavernous sinus medial wall was performed on the side of tumor. Five cases were determined to be invaded by tumor, and 2 cases were uncertain. No internal carotid artery injury occurred in all patients. The average intraoperative blood loss was 156 ml, and no patient was transfused. Postoperative endocrine remission was found in 6 cases, and tumor cells were found in 6 cases by pathological examination of the medial wall of cavernous sinus. No serious complications occurred in all patients. For Knosp grade 1-3 functional pituitary neuroendocrine tumor surgery, if there is no clear false envelope or normal pituitary between the tumor and the cavernous sinus medial wall during the operation, the cavernous sinus medial wall should be actively removed to improve the postoperative endocrine remission rate."
3376,brain tumour,39118096,Glioma actively orchestrate a self-advantageous extracellular matrix to promote recurrence and progression.,"The intricate interplay between cancer cells and their surrounding microenvironment has emerged as a critical factor driving the aggressive progression of various malignancies, including gliomas. Among the various components of this dynamic microenvironment, the extracellular matrix (ECM) holds particular significance. Gliomas, intrinsic brain tumors that originate from neuroglial progenitor cells, have the remarkable ability to actively reform the ECM, reshaping the structural and biochemical landscape to their advantage. This phenomenon underscores the adaptability and aggressiveness of gliomas, and highlights the intricate crosstalk between tumor cells and their surrounding matrix.In this review, we delve into how glioma actively regulates glioma ECM to organize a favorable microenvironment for its survival, invasion, progression and therapy resistance. By unraveling the intricacies of glioma-induced ECM remodeling, we gain valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting this symbiotic relationship and curbing the relentless advance of gliomas within the brain."
3377,brain tumour,39117984,"T2-FLAIR mismatch sign, an imaging biomarker for CDKN2A-intact in non-enhancing astrocytoma, IDH-mutant.","The WHO classification of central nervous system tumors (5th edition) classified astrocytoma, IDH-mutant accompanied with CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion as WHO grade 4. Loss of immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) was developed as a surrogate marker for CDKN2A-HD. Identification of imaging biomarkers for CDKN2A status is of immense clinical relevance. In this study, we explored the association between radiological characteristics of non-enhancing astrocytoma, IDH-mutant to the CDKN2A/B status."
3378,brain tumour,39117967,The effects of BMP2 and the mechanisms involved in the invasion and angiogenesis of IDH1 mutant glioma cells.,This study investigated the effect of an isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation (mutIDH1) on the invasion and angiogenesis of human glioma cells.
3379,brain tumour,39117936,"ASL, DSC, DCE perfusion MRI and 18F-DOPA PET/CT in differentiating glioma recurrence from post-treatment changes.","To discriminate between post-treatment changes and tumor recurrence in patients affected by glioma undergoing surgery and chemoradiation with a new enhancing lesion is challenging. We aimed to evaluate the role of ASL, DSC, DCE perfusion MRI, and 18F-DOPA PET/CT in distinguishing tumor recurrence from post-treatment changes in patients with glioma."
3380,brain tumour,39117932,Late-onset tumors in rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome type-1 (RTPS1) and implications for surveillance.,"Rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome type-1 (RTPS1) is characterized by germline pathogenic variants in SMARCB1 and development of INI1-deficient rhabdoid tumors in early childhood. Due to its poor prognosis, the risk of subsequent tumor development and the impact of surveillance at later ages are poorly understood. We retrospectively reviewed individuals referred to the Cancer Genetics Program at The Hospital for Sick Children for SMARCB1 genetic testing and/or surveillance for RTPS1. In addition, to explore characteristics of late-onset tumors in RTPS1, a literature review was conducted. Of eighty-three individuals (55 probands and 28 family members), 12 probands and 4 family members were genetically confirmed with RTPS1. Four pediatric probands with RTPS1 underwent surveillance. An additional three individuals, including one patient with 22q11.2 distal deletion without history of tumor, one patient with negative genetic testing results but clinically diagnosed with RTPS1, and one sibling identified through cascade testing, underwent surveillance. Three patients with RTPS1 developed tumors between the ages of 9 and 17, including malignant rhabdoid tumors (N = 3), schwannomas (N = 4), and epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (N = 1). Three of these lesions were asymptomatically detected by surveillance. A literature review revealed 17 individuals with RTPS1 who developed INI1-deficient tumors after age five. Individuals with RTPS1 remain at elevated risk for developing INI1-deficient tumors after the peak age of rhabdoid tumor in early childhood. Extension of surveillance beyond 5 years of age could lead to improved survival and reduced morbidity for these patients, and prospective evaluation of revised approaches will be important."
3381,brain tumour,39117913,"Letter to the editor: ""Permanent deterioration of fine motor skills after the resection of tumors in the supplementary motor area"".",No abstract found
3382,brain tumour,39117866,"PTBP1-mediated repression of neuron-specific CDC42 splicing constitutes a genomic alteration-independent, developmentally conserved vulnerability in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma.","Gene co-expression networks may encode hitherto inadequately recognized vulnerabilities for adult gliomas. By identifying evolutionally conserved gene co-expression modules around EGFR (EM) or PDGFRA (PM), we recently proposed an EM/PM classification scheme, which assigns IDH-wildtype glioblastomas (GBM) into the EM subtype committed in neural stem cell compartment, IDH-mutant astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas into the PM subtype committed in early oligodendrocyte lineage. Here, we report the identification of EM/PM subtype-specific gene co-expression networks and the characterization of hub gene polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) as a genomic alteration-independent vulnerability in IDH-wildtype GBM. Supervised by the EM/PM classification scheme, we applied weighted gene co-expression network analysis to identify subtype-specific global gene co-expression modules. These gene co-expression modules were characterized for their clinical relevance, cellular origin and conserved expression pattern during brain development. Using lentiviral vector-mediated constitutive or inducible knockdown, we characterized the effects of PTBP1 on the survival of IDH-wildtype GBM cells, which was complemented with the analysis of PTBP1-depedent splicing pattern and overexpression of splicing target neuron-specific CDC42 (CDC42-N) isoform.  Transcriptomes of adult gliomas can be robustly assigned into 4 large gene co-expression modules that are prognostically relevant and are derived from either malignant cells of the EM/PM subtypes or tumor microenvironment. The EM subtype is associated with a malignant cell-intrinsic gene module involved in pre-mRNA splicing, DNA replication and damage response, and chromosome segregation, and a microenvironment-derived gene module predominantly involved in extracellular matrix organization and infiltrating immune cells. The PM subtype is associated with two malignant cell-intrinsic gene modules predominantly involved in transcriptional regulation and mRNA translation, respectively. Expression levels of these gene modules are independent prognostic factors and malignant cell-intrinsic gene modules are conserved during brain development. Focusing on the EM subtype, we identified PTBP1 as the most significant hub for the malignant cell-intrinsic gene module. PTBP1 is not altered in most glioma genomes. PTBP1 represses the conserved splicing of CDC42-N. PTBP1 knockdown or CDC42-N overexpression disrupts actin cytoskeleton dynamics, causing accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cell apoptosis. PTBP1-mediated repression of CDC42-N splicing represents a potential genomic alteration-independent, developmentally conserved vulnerability in IDH-wildtype GBM."
3383,brain tumour,39117777,Radiological evolution of pituitary hyperplasia in primary hypothyroidism and its differentiation from nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma coexisting with primary hypothyroidism.,"In a patient with elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH, >50 µIU/ml) with sellar mass, it is crucial to differentiate isolated pituitary hyperplasia (IPH) from primary hypothyroidism coexisting with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (PHCNFPA) pre-operatively to avoid unwarranted surgery in the former condition. Here, we describe patients having pituitary mass/enlargement with markedly elevated TSH (>50 µIU/ml) and attempt to find the differentiating features between IPH and PHCNFPA."
3384,brain tumour,39117725,Anti-tumor effect of innovative tumor treatment device OM-100 through enhancing anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in glioblastoma growth.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with a median survival rate of less than 15 months, necessitating innovative treatment approaches. This study investigates the safety and efficacy of the low-frequency magnetic field (LFMF) OM-100 instrument in GBM therapy. In vitro experiments utilized normal astrocyte and GBM cell lines, determining that OM-100 at 100 kHz for 72 h selectively targeted GBM cells without harming normal cells. Subsequent analyses revealed OM-100's impact on cell viability, apoptosis, migration, invasion, reactive oxide species levels, and PD-L1 expression. In vivo studies on mice with U87-induced GBM demonstrated OM-100's synergy with anti-PD-1 therapy, leading to significant tumor volume reduction and increased apoptosis. Notably, OM-100 exhibited safety in healthy mice. Overall, OM-100 could enhance anti-PD-1 immunotherapy effectiveness probably by directly inhibiting tumor proliferation and migration as well as promoting PD-L1 expression, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for GBM treatment."
3385,brain tumour,39117669,The DNA methylome of pediatric brain tumors appears shaped by structural variation and predicts survival.,"Structural variation heavily influences the molecular landscape of cancer, in part by impacting DNA methylation-mediated transcriptional regulation. Here, using multi-omic datasets involving >2400 pediatric brain and central nervous system tumors of diverse histologies from the Children's Brain Tumor Network, we report hundreds of genes and associated CpG islands (CGIs) for which the nearby presence of somatic structural variant (SV) breakpoints is recurrently associated with altered expression or DNA methylation, respectively, including tumor suppressor genes ATRX and CDKN2A. Altered DNA methylation near enhancers associates with nearby somatic SV breakpoints, including MYC and MYCN. A subset of genes with SV-CGI methylation associations also have expression associations with patient survival, including BCOR, TERT, RCOR2, and PDLIM4. DNA methylation changes in recurrent or progressive tumors compared to the initial tumor within the same patient can predict survival in pediatric and adult cancers. Our comprehensive and pan-histology genomic analyses reveal mechanisms of noncoding alterations impacting cancer genes."
3386,brain tumour,39117611,Potential of GSPT1 as a novel target for glioblastoma therapy.,"Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults, the survival rate of which has not significantly improved over the past three decades. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel treatment modalities. We previously reported that G1 to S phase transition 1 (GSPT1) depletion induces delayed cell cycle in primary astrocytes. Herein, we examined the potential of GSPT1 as a novel target for glioblastoma therapy. CC-885, a cereblon modulator that degrades GSPT1 by bridging GSPT1 to the CRL4 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, was administered to nude mice with transplanted brain tumors of U87 glioblastoma cells. The survival period was significantly longer in CC-885 treated mice than in control mice. Furthermore, we generated GSPT1-knockout (KO) U87 cells and GSPT1-KO U87 cells with stable overexpression of FLAG-tagged GSPT1 (Rescued GSPT1-KO). Mice with transplanted GSPT1-KO U87 cells and Rescued GSPT1-KO U87 cells showed significantly longer and similar survival periods, respectively, as those with wild-type (WT) U87 cells. GSPT1-KO U87 cells showed enhanced apoptosis, detected by cleaved PARP1, compared to WT U87 cells. Brain tumors with transplantation of GSPT1-KO U87 cells also showed enhanced apoptosis compared to those with transplantation of WT and Rescued GSPT1-KO U87 cells. GSPT1 expression was confirmed in patients with glioblastoma. However, the clinical study using 87 glioblastoma samples showed that GSPT1 mRNA levels were not associated with overall survival. Taken together, we propose that GSPT1 is an essential protein for glioblastoma growth, but not its malignant characteristics, and that GSPT1 is a potential target for developing glioblastoma therapeutics."
3387,brain tumour,39117543,Spontaneous massive intraventricular hemorrhage due to hemangioblastoma in a child.,No abstract found
3388,brain tumour,39117414,What do patients with heart failure disclose about medication adherence at home to their hospital and primary care doctors? Exploratory interaction-based observational cohort study.,"The main objective of this study was twofold: to investigate what kind of information patients with heart failure (HF) tell their doctors about their medication adherence at home, and how often such information is provided in consultations where medication reconciliation is recommended. To meet these objectives, we developed an analysis to recognise, define, and count (1) patient utterances including medication adherence disclosures in clinical interactions (MADICI), (2) MADICI including red-flags for non-adherence, and (3) MADICI initiated by patients without prompts from their doctor."
3389,brain tumour,39117265,"Flibanserin conquers murine depressive pseudodementia by amending HPA axis, maladaptive inflammation and AKT/GSK/STAT/BDNF trajectory: Center-staging of the serotonergic/adrenergic circuitry.","Depressive pseudodementia (DPD) is a debilitating cognitive dysfunction that accompanies major and/or frequent depressive attacks. DPD has gained significant research attention owing to its negative effects on the patients' quality of life and productivity. This study tested the procognitive potential of Flibanserin (FBN), the serotonin (5HT) receptor modulator, against propranolol (PRP), as β/5HT1A receptors blocker. Serving this purpose, female Wistar Albino rats were subjected to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) and subsequently treated with FBN only (3 mg/kg/day, p.o), PRP only (10 mg/kg/day, p.o), or PRP followed by FBN, using the same doses. FBN ameliorated the behavioral/cognitive alterations and calmed the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis storm by reducing the levels of stress-related hormones, viz, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone (CORT) parallel to epinephrine (EPI) hyperstimulation. The maladaptive inflammatory response, comprising of interleukin (IL)-1β/6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, was consequently blunted. This was contemporaneous to the partial restoration of the protein kinase-B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 survival trajectory and the reinstatement of the levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Microscopically, FBN repaired the hippocampal architecture and lessened CD68/GFAP immunoreactivity. Pre-administration of PRP partially abolished FBN effect along the estimated parameters, except for 5HT2A receptor expression and epinephrine level, to prove 5HT1A receptor as a fulcrum initiator of the investigated pathway, while its sole administration worsened the underlying condition. Ultimately, these findings highlight the immense procognitive potential of FBN, offering a new paradigm for halting DPD advancement via synchronizing adrenergic/serotonergic circuitry."
3390,brain tumour,39116943,Anatomical Differences in Sphenoid Sinus During Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery: Comparison Between Nonfunctioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor (PiTNET) and Growth Hormone-Secreting PiTNET.,"In surgical practice during endoscopic endonasal approach, growth hormone-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (GH-secreting PitNET) patients show morphologic differences in the nasal cavities and sinuses, leading to a narrower surgical field and a carotid prominence and potentially increasing the complexity of the surgical and the risk of complications. The aim of the study is to evaluate the anatomical differences of the sphenoid sinus between patients with GH-secreting PitNETs and patients with nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (NF-PitNET) who underwent endoscopic endonasal approach."
3391,brain tumour,39116941,"The Relationship Between Race, Social Vulnerability Index, and Clinical Follow-Up After Surgical Resection of Pituitary Tumors.","Socioeconomic status and race have been found to influence patient outcomes for various cancer subtypes. In particular, minority and economically vulnerable patients present with more advanced disease and experience decreased survival compared to others. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between demographic or socioeconomic variables and rates of postsurgical follow-up after pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) resection."
3392,brain tumour,39116940,The Safety of Intraoperative Photodynamic Diagnosis Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Combined with Talaporfin Sodium Photodynamic Therapy in Recurrent High-Grade Glioma.,"Intraoperative photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a widely adopted technique to enhance the extent of resection during high-grade glioma (HGG) surgery. Recent updates to the package insert for 5-ALA in Japan now allow its use in combination with drugs that may induce photosensitivity, such as talaporfin sodium (TS). TS is employed in intraoperative photodynamic therapy (PDT) and has been shown to improve overall survival. The combination of 5-ALA with TS is expected to offer further benefits. However, the safety of this combination had not been established. This study reports on the safety of 5-ALA-PDD with TS-PDT in the treatment of recurrent HGG."
3393,brain tumour,39116800,From cytokines to chemokines: Understanding inflammatory signaling in bacterial meningitis.,"Bacterial meningitis is a serious central nervous system (CNS) infection, claiming millions of human lives annually around the globe. The deadly infection involves severe inflammation of the protective sheath of the brain, i.e., meninges, and sometimes also consists of the brain tissue, called meningoencephalitis. Several inflammatory pathways involved in the pathogenesis of meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus suis, etc. are mentioned in the scientific literature. Many in-vitro and in-vivo analyses have shown that after the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), these pathogens trigger several inflammatory pathways including Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) signaling in response to Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor-mediated signaling, pneumolysin related signaling, NF-κB signaling and many other pathways that lead to pro-inflammatory cascade and subsequent cytokine release including interleukine (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, IL-6, IL-8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) along with other mediators, leading to neuroinflammation. The activation of another protein complex, nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, also takes place resulting in the maturation and release of IL-1β and IL-18, hence potentiating neuroinflammation. This review aims to outline the inflammatory signaling pathways associated with the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis leading to extensive pathological changes in neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and other central nervous system cells."
3394,brain tumour,39116796,Hospital frailty risk score predicts high-value care outcomes following brain metastasis resection.,"Brain metastases (BM) are the most common adult intracranial tumors, representing a significant source of morbidity in patients with systemic malignancy. Frailty indices, including 11- and 5-factor modified frailty indices (mFI-11 and mFI-5), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), have recently demonstrated an important role in predicting high-value care outcomes in neurosurgery. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of the newly developed Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) on postoperative outcomes in BM patients."
3395,brain tumour,39116789,Medical treatment of acromegaly - When the tumor size matters: A narrative review.,"Medical treatment of acromegaly is generally positioned as a second line of treatment after pituitary adenoma surgery. With the rising availability and variety of medications for acromegaly increases our understanding of their effectiveness and safety. Volume of the published data on the impact of medical therapy on biochemical control of acromegaly, contrasts a relative lack of publications which comprehensively address pituitary tumor alterations under different drug modalities. Assessment of changes in GH-secreting adenoma volume is often overshadowed by clinicians' focus on GH and IGF-I levels during acromegaly treatment. Close analysis of studies published in the last two decades, reveals that both an increase and decrease in somatotropinoma volume are possible during treatment with any of available drugs for acromegaly. Changes in pituitary tumor size may arise from the biological nature of adenoma itself, independently of the administered medications. Therefore, an individual approach is necessary in the treatment of patients with acromegaly, based on repeated insight to their clinical, biochemical, pathological and imaging characteristics. In this review, we summarize and comment how pituitary tumor size is affected by the treatment with all currently available drugs in acromegaly: long-acting somatostatin receptor ligands of the first generation (octreotide LAR and lanreotide autogel) and the second generation (pasireotide-LAR), as well as pegvisomant (PEG) and cabergoline (CAB)."
3396,brain tumour,39116782,A novel intervention of molecular hydrogen on the unbalance of the gut microbiome in opioid addiction: Experimental and human studies.,"The gut-brain axis mediates the interaction pathway between microbiota and opioid addiction. In recent years, many studies have shown that molecular hydrogen has therapeutic and preventive effects on various diseases. This study aimed to investigate whether molecular hydrogen could serve as pharmacological intervention agent to reduce risks of reinstatement of opioid seeking and explore the mechanism of gut microbiota base on animal experiments and human studies. Morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) was constructed to establish acquisition, extinction, and reinstatement stage, and the potential impact of H"
3397,brain tumour,39116707,Evidence modeling for reliability learning and interpretable decision-making under multi-modality medical image segmentation.,"Reliability learning and interpretable decision-making are crucial for multi-modality medical image segmentation. Although many works have attempted multi-modality medical image segmentation, they rarely explore how much reliability is provided by each modality for segmentation. Moreover, the existing approach of decision-making such as the softmax function lacks the interpretability for multi-modality fusion. In this study, we proposed a novel approach named contextual discounted evidential network (CDE-Net) for reliability learning and interpretable decision-making under multi-modality medical image segmentation. Specifically, the CDE-Net first models the semantic evidence by uncertainty measurement using the proposed evidential decision-making module. Then, it leverages the contextual discounted fusion layer to learn the reliability provided by each modality. Finally, a multi-level loss function is deployed for the optimization of evidence modeling and reliability learning. Moreover, this study elaborates on the framework interpretability by discussing the consistency between pixel attribution maps and the learned reliability coefficients. Extensive experiments are conducted on both multi-modality brain and liver datasets. The CDE-Net gains high performance with an average Dice score of 0.914 for brain tumor segmentation and 0.913 for liver tumor segmentation, which proves CDE-Net has great potential to facilitate the interpretation of artificial intelligence-based multi-modality medical image fusion."
3398,brain tumour,39116573,The importance of the circRNA/Wnt axis in gliomas: Biological functions and clinical opportunities.,"Gliomas are among the most common cancers in the central nervous system, arising through various signaling pathways. One significant pathway is Wnt signaling, a tightly regulated process that plays a crucial role in gliomagenesis and development. The current study aims to explore the relationship between circular RNAs (circRNAs) and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in gliomas, considering the growing recognition of circRNAs in disease pathogenesis. A comprehensive review of recent research was conducted to investigate the roles of circRNAs in gliomas, focusing on their expression patterns and interactions with the Wnt signaling pathway. The analysis included studies examining circRNAs' function as microRNA sponges and their impact on glioma biology. The findings reveal that circRNAs are differentially expressed in gliomas and significantly influence the occurrence, growth, and metastasis of these tumors. Specifically, circRNAs interact with the Wnt signaling pathway, affecting glioma development and progression. This interaction highlights the importance of circRNAs in glioma pathophysiology. Understanding the regulatory network involving circRNAs and Wnt signaling offers valuable insights into glioma pathophysiology. CircRNAs hold promise as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and may serve as targets for novel therapeutic strategies in glioma treatment."
3399,brain tumour,39116474,"Methylglyoxal induces death in human brain neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y), prevented by metformin and dapagliflozin.","Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by a dysfunction in insulin action or secretion, leading to an elevation in blood glucose levels. It is a highly prevalent condition and as a result, the NHS spends 10 % of its entire budget on diabetes mellitus care, that is equivalent to £10 billion a year. Diabetes mellitus has been linked with vascular and neurological complications which may be associated with the progression of neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease. Chronic hyperglycaemia increases the production of the reactive oxidant species (ROS) such as methylglyoxal (MGO). MGO has been linked with vascular complications, neuropathy and cytotoxicity. The main aim of this study was to investigate the potential beneficial effect of antidiabetic agents such as metformin and dapagliflozin on human brain neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y) treated with MGO. SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 media and subjected overnight incubation with one of the following treatment conditions: Control (untreated); MGO (1 μM); MGO (100 μM); metformin (100 μM) + MGO (100 μM); and dapagliflozin (10 μM) + MGO (100 μM). Several assays were conducted to explore the effect of the treatment groups on the SH-SY5Y cells. These included: MTT assay; LDH assay, peroxynitrite fluorescence assay, and laser scanning confocal microscopy. MGO (100 μM) led to significant cell injury and damage and significantly reduced the survival of the cells by approximately 50-75 %, associated with significant increase in peroxynitrite. The addition of metformin (100 μM) or dapagliflozin (10 μM) represented significant protective effects on the cells and prevented the cell damage caused by the high MGO concentration. As a result, the findings of this research reveal that MGO-induced cell damage may partly be mediated by the generation of peroxynitrite, while the antidiabetic agents such as metformin and dapagliflozin prevent brain cell death, which potentially may play prophylactic roles against the risk of dementia in diabetic patients."
3400,brain tumour,39116374,"Epilepsy in Patients With Primary CNS Lymphoma: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Prognostic Significance.","Epilepsy is a common comorbidity of brain tumors; however, little is known about the prevalence, onset time, semiology, and risk factors of seizures in primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL). Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of epilepsy in PCNSL, to identify factors associated with epilepsy, and to investigate the prognostic significance of seizures in PCNSL."
3401,brain tumour,39116318,Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Related Score Functions as a Predictive Tool for Immunotherapy and Candidate Drugs in Glioma.,"Gliomas are aggressive CNS tumors where the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial for prognosis. We developed an EMT-based score predicting overall survival (OS) and conducted pathway analyses, revealing functions such as cell proliferation and immune response in glioma progression. The EMT score, correlated with immune functions and cell infiltration, shows potential as an immune response indicator. We identified two promising compounds, BIX02189 and QL-XI-92, as potential glioma treatments based on candidate gene analysis."
3402,brain tumour,39116271,"Establishment of Prognostic Nomogram for Male Breast Cancer Patients: A Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Database Analysis.","Male breast cancer (MBC) represents a rare subtype of breast cancer, with limited prognostic factor studies available. The purpose of this research was to develop a unique nomogram for predicting MBC patient overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS)."
3403,brain tumour,39115615,Comparative analysis of molecular and histological glioblastomas: insights into prognostic variance.,"Whether molecular glioblastomas (GBMs) identify with a similar dismal prognosis as a ""classical"" histological GBM is controversial. This study aimed to compare the clinical, molecular, imaging, surgical factors, and prognosis between molecular GBMs and histological GBMs."
3404,brain tumour,39115341,Association of Free Thyroxine with Progression-Free Survival in Intermediate and High Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.,"Supraphysiologic thyroxine (T4) doses are used in intermediate and high-risk patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (IR/HR-DTC) to suppress tumor progression by thyrotropin (TSH). However, preclinical data suggest that T4 can also act as a growth stimulus for cancer, but there is no clinical evidence supporting this claim."
3405,brain tumour,39115241,Kinetic Trajectories of Glucose Uptake in Single Cancer Cells Reveal a Drug-Induced Cell-State Change Within Hours of Drug Treatment.,"The development of drug resistance is a nearly universal phenomenon in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) brain tumors. Upon treatment, GBM cancer cells may initially undergo a drug-induced cell-state change to a drug-tolerant, slow-cycling state. The kinetics of that process are not well understood, in part due to the heterogeneity of GBM tumors and tumor models, which can confound the interpretation of kinetic data. Here, we resolve drug-adaptation kinetics in a patient-derived in vitro GBM tumor model characterized by the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) variant(v)III oncogene treated with an EGFR inhibitor. We use radiolabeled "
3406,brain tumour,39115060,HER2 exon 20 mutant non-small cell lung cancer with complete remission of intracranial metastases with trastuzumab deruxtecan: a case report.,"Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is a novel anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate formed by the combination of trastuzumab and deruxtecan. It is used in human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor (HER2) mutant breast, stomach and colorectal cancers as well as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The 58-year-old denovo metastatic NSCLC patient we will discuss here progressed with newly developing brain metastasis under first-line carboplatin/paclitaxel treatment. After next generation sequencing revealed a mutation in the ERBB2 gene located in exon 20, we administered T-DXd to our patient. While a significant improvement was observed in the clinical condition of the patient after one course of treatment, brain metastases were found to be in complete response in control screening after four courses of treatment. Systemic screening with PET/computed tomography showed nearly complete regression of the primary lesion, metastatic lymphadenopathies, and surrenal metastases. T-DXd may be successfully used in HER2 mutant metastatic NSCLC patients. In addition, it can also be successfully used in patients with central nervous system metastases with or without cranial radiotherapy."
3407,brain tumour,39114885,Transcriptomic observations of intra and extracellular immunotherapy targets for pediatric brain tumors.,"Despite surgical resection, chemoradiation, and targeted therapy, brain tumors remain a leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Immunotherapy has shown some promise and is actively being investigated for treating childhood brain tumors. However, a critical step in advancing immunotherapy for these patients is to uncover targets that can be effectively translated into therapeutic interventions."
3408,brain tumour,39114662,Treatment of intracranial inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor with PD-L1 inhibitor and novel oncolytic adenovirus Ad-TD-nsIL12: a case report and literature review.,"Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare pathological entity first described in 1939. This lesion is most commonly found in the lungs, but cases involving other systems, such as the central nervous system known as intracranial IMT (IIMT), have also been reported. Diagnosis currently relies on pathological results due to the lack of characteristic imaging changes. Surgical resection is an effective treatment, though the disease is invasive and may recur. Previous literature has reported a high level of programmed death 1 (PD-1) expression in IMT tissues, suggesting that immunotherapy may be effective for this condition. In this case report, we present a middle-aged male who received PD-1 inhibitor and oncolytic adenovirus (Ad-TD-nsIL12) treatment after IIMT resection surgery. This successful approach provides a new direction for the treatment of IIMT."
3409,brain tumour,39114659,Human stem cell-derived neurons and astrocytes to detect novel auto-reactive IgG response in immune-mediated neurological diseases.,Up to 46% of patients with presumed autoimmune limbic encephalitis are seronegative for all currently known central nervous system (CNS) antigens. We developed a cell-based assay (CBA) to screen for novel neural antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using neurons and astrocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs).
3410,brain tumour,39114291,scRNA sequencing technology for PitNET studies.,"Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are common, most likely benign tumors with complex clinical characteristics related to hormone hypersecretion and/or growing sellar tumor mass. PitNET types are classified according to their expression of specific transcriptional factors (TFs) and hormone secretion levels. Some types show aggressive, invasive, and reoccurrence behavior. Current research is being conducted to understand the molecular mechanisms regulating these high-heterogeneous neoplasms originating from adenohypophysis, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology is now playing an essential role in these studies due to its remarkable resolution at the single-cell level. This review describes recent studies on human PitNETs performed with scRNA-seq technology, highlighting the potential of this approach in revealing these tumor pathologies, behavior, and regulatory mechanisms."
3411,brain tumour,39113129,Intracranial meningioma: A review of recent and emerging data on the utility of preoperative imaging for management.,"Meningiomas are the most common neoplasms of the central nervous system, accounting for approximately 40% of all brain tumors. Surgical resection represents the mainstay of management for symptomatic lesions. Preoperative planning is largely informed by neuroimaging, which allows for evaluation of anatomy, degree of parenchymal invasion, and extent of peritumoral edema. Recent advances in imaging technology have expanded the purview of neuroradiologists, who play an increasingly important role in meningioma diagnosis and management. Tumor vascularity can now be determined using arterial spin labeling and dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced sequences, allowing the neurosurgeon or neurointerventionalist to assess patient candidacy for preoperative embolization. Meningioma consistency can be inferred based on signal intensity; emerging machine learning technologies may soon allow radiologists to predict consistency long before the patient enters the operating room. Perfusion imaging coupled with magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used to distinguish meningiomas from malignant meningioma mimics. In this comprehensive review, we describe key features of meningiomas that can be established through neuroimaging, including size, location, vascularity, consistency, and, in some cases, histologic grade. We also summarize the role of advanced imaging techniques, including magnetic resonance perfusion and spectroscopy, for the preoperative evaluation of meningiomas. In addition, we describe the potential impact of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, on meningioma diagnosis and management. A strong foundation of knowledge in the latest meningioma imaging techniques will allow the neuroradiologist to help optimize preoperative planning and improve patient outcomes."
3412,brain tumour,39113087,Complete response in a lung adenocarcinoma with pleural metastases initially treated with gefitinib and switched to osimertinib after cerebral oligo-progression with unknown T790M mutation: a case report and review of literature.,"First- and second-generation anti-epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown great efficacy in the treatment of advanced adenocarcinoma with epithelial growth factor receptor mutations, but this efficacy is limited by certain resistance mechanisms, in particular the T790M mutation, which must be screened before second-line treatment with osimertinib is indicated. The search for this mutation is sometimes difficult, especially in cases of intracranial relapse, through this case report we attempt to discuss the possibility of initiating treatment with osimertinib despite an unknown T790M mutation in such situation."
3413,brain tumour,39112935,Research progress on miR-124-3p in the field of kidney disease.,"MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 18-25 nucleotides long, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. They play a crucial role in maintaining normal cellular functions and homeostasis in organisms. Studies have shown that miR-124-3p is highly expressed in brain tissue and plays a significant role in nervous system development. It is also described as a tumor suppressor, regulating biological processes like cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion by controlling multiple downstream target genes. miR-124-3p has been found to be involved in the progression of various kidney diseases, including diabetic kidney disease, calcium oxalate kidney stones, acute kidney injury, lupus nephritis, and renal interstitial fibrosis. It mediates these processes through mechanisms like oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and ferroptosis. To lay the foundation for future therapeutic strategies, this research group reviewed recent studies on the functional roles of miR-124-3p in renal diseases and the regulation of its downstream target genes. Additionally, the feasibility, limitations, and potential application of miR-124-3p as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target were thoroughly investigated."
3414,brain tumour,39112531,Multi-omics and pharmacological characterization of patient-derived glioma cell lines.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common brain tumor and remains incurable. Primary GBM cultures are widely used tools for drug screening, but there is a lack of genomic and pharmacological characterization for these primary GBM cultures. Here, we collect 50 patient-derived glioma cell (PDGC) lines and characterize them by whole genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and drug response screening. We identify three molecular subtypes among PDGCs: mesenchymal (MES), proneural (PN), and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Drug response profiling reveals that PN subtype PDGCs are sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, whereas OXPHOS subtype PDGCs are sensitive to histone deacetylase inhibitors, oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors, and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. PN and OXPHOS subtype PDGCs stably form tumors in vivo upon intracranial transplantation into immunodeficient mice, whereas most MES subtype PDGCs fail to form tumors in vivo. In addition, PDGCs cultured by serum-free medium, especially long-passage PDGCs, carry MYC/MYCN amplification, which is rare in GBM patients. Our study provides a valuable resource for understanding primary glioma cell cultures and clinical translation and highlights the problems of serum-free PDGC culture systems that cannot be ignored."
3415,brain tumour,39112517,CCL2 mediated IKZF1 expression promotes M2 polarization of glioma-associated macrophages through CD84-SHP2 pathway.,"The proneural-mesenchymal (PN-MES) transformation of glioma stem cells (GSCs) can significantly increase proliferation, invasion, chemotherapy tolerance, and recurrence. M2-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has a strong immunosuppressive effect, promoting tumor malignancy and angiogenesis. There is limited understanding on the interactions between GSCs and TAMs as well as their associated molecular mechanisms. In the present study, bioinformatics analysis, GSC and TAM co-culture, determination of TAM polarization phenotypes, and other in vitro experiments confirmed that CCL2 secreted by MES-GSCs promotes TAM-M2 polarization via the IKZF1-CD84-SHP2 pathway and PN-MES transformation of GSCs via the IKZF1-LRG1 pathway in TAMs. IKZF1 inhibitors could significantly reduce tumor volumes in animal glioma models and improve survival, as well as suppress TAM-M2 polarization and the GSC malignant phenotype. The results of this study indicate the important interaction between TAMs and GSCs in the glioma microenvironment as well as its role in tumor progression. The findings also suggest a novel target for follow-up clinical transformation research on the regulation of TAM function and GSCs malignant phenotype."
3416,brain tumour,39112464,Sacituzumab Govitecan in patients with breast cancer brain metastases and recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 0 window-of-opportunity trial.,"Sacituzumab Govitecan (SG) is an antibody-drug conjugate that has demonstrated efficacy in patients with TROP-2 expressing epithelial cancers. In a xenograft model of intracranial breast cancer, SG inhibited tumor growth and increased mouse survival. We conducted a prospective window-of-opportunity trial (NCT03995706) at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio to examine the intra-tumoral concentrations and intracranial activity of SG in patients undergoing craniotomy for breast cancer with brain metastases (BCBM) or recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM). We enrolled 25 patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with BCBM and rGBM to receive a single intravenous dose of SG at 10 mg/kg given one day before resection and continued on days 1 and 8 of 21-day cycles following recovery. The PFS was 8 months and 2 months for BCBM and rGBM cohorts, respectively. The OS was 35.2 months and 9.5 months, respectively. Grade≥3 AE included neutropenia (28%), hypokalemia (8%), seizure (8%), thromboembolic event (8%), urinary tract infection (8%) and muscle weakness of the lower limb (8%). In post-surgical tissue, the median total SN-38 was 249.8 ng/g for BCBM and 104.5 ng/g for rGBM, thus fulfilling the primary endpoint. Biomarker analysis suggests delivery of payload by direct release at target site and that hypoxic changes do not drive indirect release. Secondary endpoint of OS was 35.2 months for the BCBM cohort and 9.5 months for rGBM. Non-planned exploratory endpoint of ORR was 38% for BCBM and 29%, respectively. Exploratory endpoint of Trop-2 expression was observed in 100% of BCBM and 78% of rGBM tumors. In conclusion, SG was found to be well tolerated with adequate penetration into intracranial tumors and promising preliminary activity within the CNS. Trial Registration: Trial (NCT03995706) enrolled at Clinical Trials.gov as Neuro/Sacituzumab Govitecan/Breast Brain Metastasis/Glioblastoma/Ph 0: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03995706?cond=NCT03995706 ."
3417,brain tumour,39111844,Inhibition of TRAF6 alleviates secondary brain injury by reducing neuronal pyroptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage.,"Secondary brain injury (SBI) is one of the main causes of high mortality and disability rates following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). TRAF6 plays a crucial role in the process of pyroptosis, and modulating its expression may present a novel therapeutic strategy for mitigating brain injury. This study aims to explore the mechanisms of TRAF6 in pyroptosis after ICH. C57BL/6J mice were used to establish the ICH model. Brain was collected at different time points for q-PCR and western blot to detect the level of TRAF6. After the C25-140 (the TRAF6 inhibitor) was administrated, the mice were divided into four groups. Then, the neurological deficit, brain water content, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) ​​damage were detected. Immunofluorescence and western blot were used to detect the level of pyroptosis proteins, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and q-PCR were used to detect the levels of IL-18 and IL-1β. TRAF6 expression was upregulated after ICH and was mainly expressed in neurons. Inhibition of TRAF6 expression with C25-140 alleviated neurological deficits and reduced brain edema after ICH. In addition, inhibition of TRAF6 also reduced the expression of pyroptosis inflammasomes such as GSDMD, NLRP3, and ASC, as well as neurological damage caused by IL-18 and IL-1β after ICH. TRAF6 regulates neuronal pyroptosis in SBI after ICH. Inhibition of TRAF6 may be a potential target for alleviating inflammatory damage after ICH."
3418,brain tumour,39111833,EphA3-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells are effective in glioma and generate curative memory T cell responses.,"High-grade gliomas including glioblastoma (GBM) and diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) represent the most lethal and aggressive brain cancers where current treatment modalities offer limited efficacy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have emerged as a promising strategy, boasting tumor-specific targeting and the unique ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. However, the effective clinical application hinges on the optimal choice of antigen, with a limited number, currently under investigation."
3419,brain tumour,39111832,EphA3 CAR T cells are effective against glioblastoma in preclinical models.,"Adoptive T-cell therapy targeting antigens expressed in glioblastoma has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent or delay recurrence and prolong overall survival in this aggressive disease setting. Ephrin receptor A3 (EphA3), which is highly expressed in glioblastoma; in particular, on the tumor vasculature and brain cancer stem cells, is an ideal target for immune-based therapies."
3420,brain tumour,39111711,optiPRM: A Targeted Immunopeptidomics LC-MS Workflow With Ultra-High Sensitivity for the Detection of Mutation-Derived Tumor Neoepitopes From Limited Input Material.,"Personalized cancer immunotherapies such as therapeutic vaccines and adoptive transfer of T cell receptor-transgenic T cells rely on the presentation of tumor-specific peptides by human leukocyte antigen class I molecules to cytotoxic T cells. Such neoepitopes can for example arise from somatic mutations and their identification is crucial for the rational design of new therapeutic interventions. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based immunopeptidomics is the only method to directly prove actual peptide presentation and we have developed a parameter optimization workflow to tune targeted assays for maximum detection sensitivity on a per peptide basis, termed optiPRM. Optimization of collision energy using optiPRM allows for the improved detection of low abundant peptides that are very hard to detect using standard parameters. Applying this to immunopeptidomics, we detected a neoepitope in a patient-derived xenograft from as little as 2.5 × 10"
3421,brain tumour,39111656,Cannabis and Craniotomy for Glioblastoma: Impact on Complications and Health Care Utilization.,"Despite advances in treatment of glioblastomas (GBMs), the median survival remains 14-16 months. In the United States, 52.5 million people ≥12 years of age used cannabis in 2021. We aim to elucidate differences in complications after craniotomy for resection of GBM between users and nonusers of cannabis."
3422,brain tumour,39111632,Therapeutic modulation of APP-CD74 axis can activate phagocytosis of TAMs in GBM.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains the most lethal central nervous system cancer with poor survival and few targeted therapies. The GBM tumor microenvironment is complex and closely associated with outcomes. Here, we analyzed the cell-cell communication within the microenvironment and found the high level of cell communication between GBM tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We found that the amyloid protein precursor (APP)-CD74 axis displayed the highest levels of communication between GBM tumor cells and TAMs, and that APP and CD74 expression levels were significantly corelated with poorer patient outcomes. We showed that the expression of APP on the surface of GBM inhibited phagocytosis of TAMs through the binding of APP to the CD74/CXCR4 cell surface receptor complex. We further demonstrated that disrupting the APP-CD74 axis could upregulated the phagocytosis of TAMs in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we demonstrated that APP promotes the phosphorylation of SHP-1 by binding to CD74. Together, our findings revealed that the APP-CD74 axis was a highly expressed anti-phagocytic signaling pathway that may be a potential immunotherapeutic target for GBM."
3423,brain tumour,39111285,Glycometabolic reprogramming-induced XRCC1 lactylation confers therapeutic resistance in ALDH1A3-overexpressing glioblastoma.,Patients with high ALDH1A3-expressing glioblastoma (ALDH1A3
3424,brain tumour,39111265,Image-level supervision and self-training for transformer-based cross-modality tumor segmentation.,"Deep neural networks are commonly used for automated medical image segmentation, but models will frequently struggle to generalize well across different imaging modalities. This issue is particularly problematic due to the limited availability of annotated data, both in the target as well as the source modality, making it difficult to deploy these models on a larger scale. To overcome these challenges, we propose a new semi-supervised training strategy called MoDATTS. Our approach is designed for accurate cross-modality 3D tumor segmentation on unpaired bi-modal datasets. An image-to-image translation strategy between modalities is used to produce synthetic but annotated images and labels in the desired modality and improve generalization to the unannotated target modality. We also use powerful vision transformer architectures for both image translation (TransUNet) and segmentation (Medformer) tasks and introduce an iterative self-training procedure in the later task to further close the domain gap between modalities, thus also training on unlabeled images in the target modality. MoDATTS additionally allows the possibility to exploit image-level labels with a semi-supervised objective that encourages the model to disentangle tumors from the background. This semi-supervised methodology helps in particular to maintain downstream segmentation performance when pixel-level label scarcity is also present in the source modality dataset, or when the source dataset contains healthy controls. The proposed model achieves superior performance compared to other methods from participating teams in the CrossMoDA 2022 vestibular schwannoma (VS) segmentation challenge, as evidenced by its reported top Dice score of 0.87±0.04 for the VS segmentation. MoDATTS also yields consistent improvements in Dice scores over baselines on a cross-modality adult brain gliomas segmentation task composed of four different contrasts from the BraTS 2020 challenge dataset, where 95% of a target supervised model performance is reached when no target modality annotations are available. We report that 99% and 100% of this maximum performance can be attained if 20% and 50% of the target data is additionally annotated, which further demonstrates that MoDATTS can be leveraged to reduce the annotation burden."
3425,brain tumour,39111254,The Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis of 55 Patients With TFE3-Rearranged Renal Cell Carcinomas.,To explore the clinicopathological features and prognosis of TFE3-rearranged renal cell carcinomas (TFE3-rRCC).
3426,brain tumour,39111191,Phenylpropanoid-rich maize root extract serves as a natural antidepressant.,"Depression is a serious and complex mental disease that has attracted worldwide attention because of its high incidence rate, high disability rate and high mortality. Excitotoxicity is one of the most important mechanisms involved in the pathophysiological process of depression. In our previous studies, n-butanol extract from maize roots was found to have good neuroprotective effects due to its antioxidative activity. However, the antidepressive effective constituents, efficacy in vivo and mechanism of action of maize root extracts have not been determined."
3427,brain tumour,39110925,Comments and Controversies in Oncology: The Tribulations of Trials Developing ONC201.,Our international team highlights issues with efficacy reports in several studies on DMG with the new drug ONC201.
3428,brain tumour,39110901,Clinicopathological and immune characterization of mismatch repair deficient endocervical adenocarcinoma.,"Endocervical adenocarcinoma (ECA) is reported increasingly often in young women, and this aggressive disease lacks effective methods of targeted therapy. Since mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) is an important biomarker for predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, it is important to investigate the clinicopathological features and immune microenvironment of dMMR ECAs. We assessed 617 ECAs from representative tissue microarray sections, gathered clinicopathologic information, reviewed histological characteristics, and performed immunohistochemical staining for MMR, programmed cell death 1 (PD-L1), and other immune markers. Of 617 ECA samples, 20 (3.2%) cases had dMMR. Among them, loss of MMR-related proteins expression was observed in 17/562 (3.0%) human papilloma virus-associated (HPVA) adenocarcinoma and 3/55 (5.5%) non-HPV-associated (NHPVA) adenocarcinoma. In NHPVA cohort, dMMR status was observed in 3 (3/14, 15.0%) patients with clear cells. dMMR ECAs had a higher tendency to have a family history of cancer, larger tumor size, p16 negative, HPV E6/E7 mRNA in situ hybridization (HPV E6/E7 RNAscope) negative, and lower ki-67 index. Among the morphological variables evaluated, poor differentiation, necrosis, stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, peritumoral lymphocytes, and lymphoid follicles were easily recognized in the dMMR ECAs. In addition, dMMR ECAs had higher CD3+, CD8+, CD38+, CD68+ and PD-1+ immune cells. A relatively high prevalence of PD-L1 expression was observed in dMMR ECAs. dMMR ECAs were significantly more likely to present with a tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes -high/PD-L1-positive status. In conclusion, dMMR ECAs have some specific morphological features and a critical impact on the immune microenvironment, which may provide insights into improving responses to immunotherapy-included comprehensive treatment for ECAs in the future."
3429,brain tumour,39110807,Cell-specific cross-talk proteomics reveals cathepsin B signaling as a driver of glioblastoma malignancy near the subventricular zone.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor. GBM proximal to the lateral ventricles (LVs) is more aggressive, potentially because of subventricular zone contact. Despite this, cross-talk between GBM and neural stem/progenitor cells (NSC/NPCs) is not well understood. Using cell-specific proteomics, we show that LV-proximal GBM prevents neuronal maturation of NSCs through induction of senescence. In addition, GBM brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs) increase expression of cathepsin B (CTSB) upon interaction with NPCs. Lentiviral knockdown and recombinant protein experiments reveal that both cell-intrinsic and soluble CTSB promote malignancy-associated phenotypes in BTICs. Soluble CTSB stalls neuronal maturation in NPCs while promoting senescence, providing a link between LV-tumor proximity and neurogenesis disruption. Last, we show LV-proximal CTSB up-regulation in patients, showing the relevance of this cross-talk in human GBM biology. These results demonstrate the value of proteomic analysis in tumor microenvironment research and provide direction for new therapeutic strategies in GBM."
3430,brain tumour,39110525,Aberrant HIF1- α and SIX-1 Expression is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients with Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 Mutations.,"IDH1 mutations are common in many cancers, however, their role in promoting the Warburg effect remains elusive. This study elucidates the putative involvement of mutant-IDH1 in regulating hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1-α) and Sine-Oculis Homeobox-1 (SIX-1) expression."
3431,brain tumour,39110335,Outcome of whole brain irradiation with a dose-escalated simultaneous-integrated boost in patients with multiple large and/or diffuse brain metastases: real live data and review of the literature.,"We retrospectively investigate feasibility and safety of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) including a simultaneous-integrated boost technique (WBRT-SIB) in a cohort of patients with a very poor prognosis suffering from multiple and/or large brain metastases, unfavorable primary histology, poor performance status and/or symptomatic BMs."
3432,brain tumour,39110265,"Comment on the paper: Wang B, Liu Y, Zhang J, Yin S, Liu B, Ding S, Qiu B, Deng X. Evaluating contouring accuracy and dosimetry impact of current MRI-guided adaptive radiation therapy for brain metastases: a retrospective study. J Neurooncol 167(1):123-132, 2024.",No abstract found
3433,brain tumour,39110187,Carboplatin desensitization in the era of target therapies: still worthwhile?,"Unresectable pediatric low-grade gliomas (LGG) usually need adjuvant therapy, and carboplatin hypersensitivity reaction (HR) commonly leads to premature treatment cessation of a standard chemotherapy regimen. In the molecular era, advances in understanding tumor genetic characteristics allowed the development of targeted therapies for this group of tumors; however, cost-effectiveness assessment of treatments, especially in low-income countries, is crucial. The aim is to describe the results of carboplatin desensitization protocol in a single center in a middle-income country."
3434,brain tumour,39109783,Neuroprotective effects of the combined treatment of resveratrol and urapidil in experimental cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.,"To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of resveratrol, urapidil, and a combined administration of these drugs against middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury model in rats."
3435,brain tumour,39109622,A Rare Case of Intracranial Growing Teratoma Syndrome in a Young Adult.,"Intracranial growing teratoma syndrome (iGTS) is a rare phenomenon in patients with non-germinomatous germ cell tumor (NGGCT) after chemotherapy or radiotherapy. It manifests as paradoxical growth of teratomatous components, with multiple cystic lesions on cranial imaging despite normalized tumor markers. This paper presents a 22-year-old male with iGTS, diagnosed one month after chemotherapy against NGGCT. Initially diagnosed with presumptive pineal NGGCT causing obstructive hydrocephalus, the patient underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy and extraventricular drainage with tumor biopsy followed by two chemotherapy cycles. Despite normalization of tumor markers, follow-up MRI showed increased tumor size with honeycomb-like cystic patterns. The patient underwent suboccipital craniotomy for tumor removal via combined telovelar and infratentorial supracerebellar approaches. The final pathology confirmed mature teratoma. However, postoperative bleeding and left thalamic infarction occurred, resulting in severe neurological deficits. Despite challenges, the patient eventually regained the ability to follow simple commands. To understand iGTS pathophysiology, several hypotheses, including the differentiation of immature components and the uninhibited growth of mature components induced by chemotherapy or radiotherapy, were explored. Surgical intervention remains as an ideal treatment, while clinical trials investigate chemotherapy options. Frequent imaging follow-ups are crucial for early detection in iGTS for NGGCT patients."
3436,brain tumour,39109621,Malignant Transformation of Meningioma With ,"High-grade meningiomas make up a relatively minor proportion of meningiomas, which are one of the most common types of primary intracranial tumors in adults. Though rare, a considerable portion of high-grade meningiomas arise from malignant transformation of benign meningiomas. The 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification criteria introduced molecular markers in the diagnosis and grading of central nervous system (CNS) tumors and assigned certain genomic mutations to grade 3 meningiomas. We report a case of a 54-year-old male patient who underwent stepwise malignant transformation of meningioma from WHO grade 1 to grade 3 within 10 years, during the course of five surgeries followed by adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy. We performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) on the most recent grade 3 meningioma specimen and found that it carried a telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter ("
3437,brain tumour,39109620,Early High-Grade Transformation of IDH-Mutant Central Nervous System WHO Grade 2 Astrocytoma: A Case Report.,"High-grade transformation of low-grade gliomas has long been a poor prognostic factor during therapy. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS) adopted isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status in the classification of diffuse astrocytomas. The 2021 classification denoted glioblastomas as IDH-wildtype and graded IDH-mutant astrocytomas as 2, 3, or 4. Gemistocytic morphology, a large proportion of residual tumor, the patient's age, and recurrence after radiotherapy were previously mentioned as risk factors for high-grade transformation of low-grade gliomas. We report a 34-year-old male patient initially diagnosed with IDH-mutant grade 2 astrocytoma according to the 2021 WHO classification of CNS tumors. As the first surgical resection achieved gross total resection on postoperative MRI, no adjuvant therapy was given and regular follow-up was planned. On 1-year follow-up MRI, two new enhancing nodular lesions appeared at the ipsilateral brain parenchyma abutting the surgical resection cavity. Salvage craniotomy achieved gross total resection, and the pathologic diagnosis was IDH-mutant WHO grade 4 astrocytoma. We describe this tumor in terms of the previous WHO classification to evaluate the risk of high-grade transformation and discuss possible risk factors leading to high-grade transformation of low-grade astrocytoma."
3438,brain tumour,39109619,Cerebrospinal Fluid Seeding Versus Inflammation in Setting of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt as a Potential Cause for Distant Recurrence of Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults with a median survival of approximately 15 months, despite treatment, with most patients experiencing recurrence within 9 months of resection. The propensity of recurrence in GBM exemplifies the fatal course of the disease and remains an underlying area of study as novel instances of recurrence are encountered. The authors present a unique case of a 31-year-old male patient with a history of cerebellomedullary junction astrocytoma who later developed a supratentorial GBM followed by recurrence centered around a preexisting ventriculoperitoneal catheter and located in the hemisphere contralateral to his first GBM. Each of these lesions was initially thought to represent "
3439,brain tumour,39109618,Supraorbital Approaches for Anterior Skull Base and Parasellar Lesions: Insights From a Single-Center Experience.,"Modern neurosurgery has undergone significant evolution to include minimally invasive procedures, with the supraorbital approach (SOA) being a prime example. In this study, we aim to explore the surgical techniques and outcomes of this approach in the surgical treatment of frontal lobe, anterior skull base, and parasellar lesions."
3440,brain tumour,39109617,Survival After Newly-Diagnosed High-Grade Glioma Surgery: What Can We Learn From the French National Healthcare Database?,This study aimed to assess the overall survival (OS) of patients after high-grade glioma (HGG) resection and to search for associated prognostic factors.
3441,brain tumour,39109616,Trends in Developing Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapeutics.,"Extracellular vesicles are nano-sized vesicles surrounded by lipid bilayers, and all cells release them to the extracellular environment for communication. Extracellular vesicles consist of molecules with various biological activities and can play essential roles as therapeutics, so they attract much attention as next-generation modalities to treat various diseases. As extracellular vesicles are cell-derived nanovesicles, they are favorable to be developed as therapeutics, but they also have limitations. In addition, there are a number of things to consider in terms of manufacturing, quality control, non-clinical studies, and clinical trials during the development of extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics. Meanwhile, as much attention has been paid to the potentials of extracellular vesicles as therapeutics, many biopharmaceutical companies are trying to develop extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics. This review will introduce the advantages and limitations of extracellular vesicles as therapeutics. In addition, it will cover things to consider during developing extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics and development cases of extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics."
3442,brain tumour,39109486,"Nanoparticles crossing blood-brain barrier need specific design for normal, neurodegenerative or cancerous brain conditions.",No abstract found
3443,brain tumour,39108689,Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with NTRK fusion presenting as spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage-case report and literature review.,"Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare brain tumor that accounts for <1% of all gliomas. An in-depth understanding of PXA's molecular makeup remains a work in progress due to its limited numbers globally. Separately, spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (pICH) is an uncommon but potentially devastating emergency in young children, often caused by vascular malformations or underlying hematological conditions. We describe an interesting case of a toddler who presented with pICH, later found to have a PXA as the underlying cause of hemorrhage. Further molecular interrogation of the tumor revealed a neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusion and CDKN2A deletion more commonly seen in infantile high-grade gliomas. The unusual clinicopathological features of this case are discussed in corroboration with published literature."
3444,brain tumour,39108387,The effect of resection of gliomas of the primary motor and sensory cortex on functional recovery and seizure outcome: A 10-year retrospective study.,"Gliomas, the most common primary brain tumors, pose surgical challenges in eloquent cortex regions due to potential deficits affecting patients' quality of life (QOL) and increased mortality risk. This study investigates motor and sensory recovery postresection of Rolandic cortex gliomas in 40 patients, alongside seizure outcomes and the efficacy of intraoperative techniques such as awake craniotomy."
3445,brain tumour,39108379,Non-granulomatous meningoencephalitis with ,Free-living amoebae rarely instigate intracranial infections that may resemble neoplastic conditions on imaging. 
3446,brain tumour,39108378,Two reports of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms intraoperatively induced by an ultrasonic surgical aspirator: A rare intraoperative complication.,"The ultrasonic surgical aspirator is widely used in intracranial tumor resection as this instrument is considered safe. The advantage of an ultrasonic surgical aspirator is that it does not damage vessels or nerves close to the tumor. Therefore, limited information exists regarding intraoperative arterial injury by the ultrasonic surgical aspirator."
3447,brain tumour,39108377,Microsurgery resection of giant cervicothoracic spinal ependymoma: Two-dimensional operative video.,"Ependymomas, rare glial brain tumors, account for <5% of all brain tumors. Interestingly, over 60% of ependymomas occur in the spinal cord of adults, including those originating from the filum terminale, while the rest are found within the brain. The World Health Organization (WHO) categorizes ependymomas into three grades: subependymomas and myxopapillary ependymomas ([MEPNs]; WHO grade I), classic ependymomas (WHO grade II), and anaplastic ependymomas (WHO grade III). Spinal ependymomas generally exhibit a more favorable prognosis compared to their intracranial counterparts and are primarily treated through gross total resection, which is considered the most effective surgical approach. As such, they are recognized as a distinct clinical entity that demands tailored management strategies. MEPNs, which constitute 13% of ependymomas, typically occur in the cauda equina and sometimes extend into the conus medullaris. Most other spinal ependymomas are of the classic type and predominantly arise in the cervical and thoracic regions of the spine. The mean age at diagnosis is 45 years of age. While prognosis varies based on molecular subtypes, complete resection is associated with improved survival."
3448,brain tumour,39108373,"A prospective observational study to compare and evaluate delta down, aortic velocity time integral variability, and superior vena cava collapsibility index as predictors of fluid responsiveness in patients with supratentorial brain tumors undergoing elective neurosurgery.","Patients undergoing surgical resection of brain tumors frequently exhibit a spectrum of hemodynamic fluctuations necessitating careful fluid management. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of dynamic predictors of fluid responsiveness, such as delta down (DD), aortic velocity time integral variability (VTIAoV), and superior vena cava collapsibility index (SVCCI), in patients undergoing neurosurgery for brain tumors."
3449,brain tumour,39108370,Mature congenital intraventricular intracranial teratoma: A case report and literature review.,"Intracranial teratomas represent a rare subset of neoplasms characterized by tissues derived from multiple germ layers within the cranial cavity. These tumors, originating from primordial germ cells, exhibit diverse clinical presentations and histopathological features. While predominantly located along the midline axis, including the suprasellar cistern and pineal region, they can also manifest in less common areas such as ventricles and hypothalamic regions. Histopathologically, they are classified as mature, immature, or malignant based on the degree of tissue differentiation."
3450,brain tumour,39108368,Endoscope-assisted supraorbital approach for excision of tuberculum sella meningioma: Technical nuances.,"Tuberculum sellae meningiomas (TSMs) are benign dural-based lesions of the anterior cranial fossa, which mainly present with impaired visual acuity/field deficits secondary to compression of the optic apparatus. Surgical management is recommended as the optimal strategy for large compressive TSMs, with goals of safe maximal resection, optic nerve decompression, and potential vision restoration. The philosophy of adapting keyhole approaches for such resections is commonly highlighted; however, it comes with notable criticism of encountering major blind spots during surgical resection and limited anatomical exposure. Adding angled endoscopes enhances the expanded panoramic view of the skull base and provides a synergistic modality to microsurgery for maximizing total resection and navigating the blind spots."
3451,brain tumour,39107878,Arterial input function estimation compensating for inflow and partial voluming in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.,"Both inflow and the partial volume effect (PVE) are sources of error when measuring the arterial input function (AIF) in dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI. This is relevant, as errors in the AIF can propagate into pharmacokinetic parameter estimations from the DCE data. A method was introduced for flow correction by estimating and compensating the number of the perceived pulse of spins during inflow. We hypothesized that the PVE has an impact on concentration-time curves similar to inflow. Therefore, we aimed to study the efficiency of this method to compensate for both effects simultaneously. We first simulated an AIF with different levels of inflow and PVE contamination. The peak, full width at half-maximum (FWHM), and area under curve (AUC) of the reconstructed AIFs were compared with the true (simulated) AIF. In clinical data, the PVE was included in AIFs artificially by averaging the signal in voxels surrounding a manually selected point in an artery. Subsequently, the artificial partial volume AIFs were corrected and compared with the AIF from the selected point. Additionally, corrected AIFs from the internal carotid artery (ICA), the middle cerebral artery (MCA), and the venous output function (VOF) estimated from the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) were compared. As such, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the correction method with different levels of inflow and PVE in clinical data. The simulation data demonstrated that the corrected AIFs had only marginal bias in peak value, FWHM, and AUC. Also, the algorithm yielded highly correlated reconstructed curves over increasingly larger neighbourhoods surrounding selected arterial points in clinical data. Furthermore, AIFs measured from the ICA and MCA produced similar peak height and FWHM, whereas a significantly larger peak and lower FWHM was found compared with the VOF. Our findings indicate that the proposed method has high potential to compensate for PVE and inflow simultaneously. The corrected AIFs could thereby provide a stable input source for DCE analysis."
3452,brain tumour,39107869,PDCL3 as a prognostic factor and associated with the VEGF signaling pathway in glioma.,New targeted drugs about angiogenesis could develop the treatment of glioma. We aimed to explore the role of phosducin like 3 (PDCL3) in angiogenesis of glioma.
3453,brain tumour,39107839,Efficacy of BRAF/MEK-inhibitor therapy for epithelioid glioblastoma with a novel BRAFV600 mutation.,"Epithelioid glioblastoma (eGB), a very aggressive and rare brain tumour, is associated with a dismal median overall survival. Effective therapies for patients with eGB, particularly with leptomeningeal dissemination, are still lacking. Here, we describe a case of a 25-year-old male diagnosed with an intramedullary cervical tumour with subsequent leptomeningeal disease. Histopathology identified a highly necrotising, epithelioid-type tumour with high cell density, most compatible with the diagnosis of an eGB. DNA analysis revealed an unprecedented B-Raf protooncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) gene variant in exon 15 (ENST00000288602.6, c.1799_1810delinsATG, p.(V600_W604delinsDG)), triggering activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Consequently, we initiated MAPK inhibitor (MAPKi) therapy, utilizing a combination of BRAF and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the drugs' presence in the patient's cerebrospinal fluid, indicating their capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier. Remarkably, the patient responded very well to therapy and transitioned from a near-comatose state to significantly improved health, sustained for over three months. This study highlights that MAPKi, particularly targeted towards novel BRAFV600 mutations, might offer promising advancements in eGB treatment strategies."
3454,brain tumour,39107814,The global landscape of clinical trials and drug discovery for brain metastasis.,No abstract found
3455,brain tumour,39107797,Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens identify DNMT1 as a druggable dependency in sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma.,"Sonic hedgehog subgroup of medulloblastoma (SHH-MB) is characterized by aberrant activation of the SHH signaling pathway. An inhibition of the positive SHH regulator Smoothened (SMO) has demonstrated promising clinical efficacy. Yet, primary and acquired resistance to SMO inhibitors limit their efficacy. An understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms of resistance to therapy is warranted to bridge this unmet need. Here, we make use of genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens in murine SMB21 and human DAOY cells, in order to unravel genetic dependencies and drug-related genetic interactors that could serve as alternative therapeutic targets for SHH-MB. Our screens reinforce SMB21 cells as a faithful model system for SHH-MB, as opposed to DAOY cells, and identify members of the epigenetic machinery including DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) as druggable targets in SHH-dependent tumors. We show that Dnmt1 plays a crucial role in normal murine cerebellar development and is required for SHH-MB growth in vivo. Additionally, DNMT1 pharmacological inhibition alone and in combination with SMO inhibition effectively inhibits tumor growth in murine and human SHH-MB cell models and prolongs survival of SHH-MB mouse models by inhibiting SHH signaling output downstream of SMO. In conclusion, our data highlight the potential of inhibiting epigenetic regulators as a novel therapeutic avenue in SMO-inhibitor sensitive as well as resistant SHH-MBs."
3456,brain tumour,39107782,Enhanced anti-tumor effects by combination of tucatinib and radiation in HER2-overexpressing human cancer cell lines.,"Tucatinib (TUC), a HER2-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the first targeted drug demonstrating intracranial efficacy and significantly prolonged survival in metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) patients with brain metastases. Current treatments for brain metastases often include radiotherapy, but little is known about the effects of combination treatment with TUC. Therefore, we examined the combined effects of irradiation and TUC in human HER2-overexpressing BC, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. For the latter two, a standard therapy successfully targeting HER2 is yet to be established."
3457,brain tumour,39107712,The role of kynurenines in migraine-related neuroimmune pathways.,"Migraine, a primary headache disorder whose mechanism remains incompletely understood, appears to involve the activation of the trigeminovascular system (TS) during attacks. Research suggests that inflammatory processes mediated by the immune system may play a role in migraine pathophysiology. Neuroinflammation is often associated with migraine attacks, with cytokines serving as crucial mediators in the process. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), have been observed in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of individuals experiencing migraine attacks. These cytokines have the capacity to sensitize pain pathways in the brain, thereby increasing sensitivity to pain stimuli. This phenomenon, known as central sensitization, is believed to contribute to the intensity and persistence of migraine pain. Kynurenines, endogenous mediators of glutamatergic mechanisms, can significantly influence the pathophysiology of primary headache disorders. The kynurenine system is collectively known as the kynurenine pathway (KP), which can act on multiple receptors, such as glutamate receptors, aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs), G protein-coupled receptors 35 (GPR35), and α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine (α7 nACh) receptors. These receptors are also found on various cells of the immune system, so the role of the KP in the pathomechanism of primary headaches may also be mediated through them. In this review, our goal is to show a possible link between the receptors of the KP and immune system in the context of inflammation and migraine. Migraine research in recent years has focused on neuropeptides, such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) as potential pathogenic factors and possible therapeutic approaches. These peptides share many similarities in their characteristics and roles. For instance, they exhibit potent vasodilation, occur in both the peripheral and central nervous systems, and play a role in transmitting nociception and neurogenic inflammation. The investigation of potential connections between the aforementioned neuropeptides and the kynurenine pathway could play a significant role in uncovering the pathomechanism of migraine and identifying new drug candidates."
3458,brain tumour,39107688,Hypopituitarism after gamma knife radiosurgery for pituitary adenomas: long-term results from a single-center experience.,The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of new-onset hypopituitarism after gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for pituitary adenomas in a single center.
3459,brain tumour,39107612,Risk factors for early intraventricular hemorrhagic complications following lateral ventricular tumor surgery.,"The complications anticipated in the postoperative period after surgical resection of lateral ventricular neoplasms (LVN) are hemorrhage, hydrocephalus. At the N.N. Burdenko Neurosurgery Center, 48 patients with LVN underwent surgical resection. We focused on the correlation between approaches to the ventricular system on one hand and the extent of resection and incidence of complications on the other based on anatomical and perfusion characteristics estimated via preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with arterial spin labeling perfusion. By eliminating the surgical approach as a potential risk factor, we were able to demonstrate the correlation between the frequency of postoperative hemorrhage, the Evans index value, patient's gender, tumor blood flow (nTBF) and the location of the mass in the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle. The risk of hemorrhage depends on the patient's gender, presence of hydrocephalus, location of the mass and tumor blood flow values. The risk increases along with increase in Evance index and nTBF values."
3460,brain tumour,39107293,Net synaptic drive of fast-spiking interneurons is inverted towards inhibition in human FCD I epilepsy.,"Focal cortical dysplasia type I (FCD I) is the most common cause of pharmaco-resistant epilepsy with the poorest prognosis. To understand the epileptogenic mechanisms of FCD I, we obtained tissue resected from patients with FCD I epilepsy, and from tumor patients as control. Using whole-cell patch clamp in acute human brain slices, we investigated the cellular properties of fast-spiking interneurons (FSINs) and pyramidal neurons (PNs) within the ictal onset zone. In FCD I epilepsy, FSINs exhibited lower firing rates from slower repolarization and action potential broadening, while PNs had increased firing. Importantly, excitatory synaptic drive of FSINs increased progressively with the scale of cortical activation as a general property across species, but this relationship was inverted towards net inhibition in FCD I epilepsy. Further comparison with intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) from the same patients revealed that the spatial extent of pathological high-frequency oscillations (pHFO) was associated with synaptic events at FSINs."
3461,brain tumour,39107208,Metabolic Profile of Cerebellum in Posterior Fossa Tumor Survivors: Correlation With Memory Impairment.,"The cerebellum is a key structure in working and procedural memory. The aim of the present prospective exploratory study was to investigate, the metabolic characteristics of the cerebellum in posterior fossa tumor (PFT) survivors using 3D proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (3D MRSI), to determine whether metabolites could be useful biomarkers of memory impairment."
3462,brain tumour,39107039,Gadolinium-Enhanced T2 FLAIR is an Imaging Biomarker of Radiation Necrosis and Tumor Progression in Patients with Brain Metastases.,Differentiating radiation necrosis (RN) from tumor progression (TP) after radiation therapy for brain metastases is an important clinical problem requiring advanced imaging techniques that may not be widely available and are challenging to perform at multiple time points. The ability to leverage conventional MRI for this problem could have a meaningful clinical impact. The purpose of this study was to explore contrast-enhanced T2 FLAIR (T2FLAIRc) as a new imaging biomarker of RN and TP.
3463,brain tumour,39106923,Mortality in acute ischemic stroke patients with new cancer diagnosed during the index hospitalization versus after discharge.,"Early diagnosis of previously unknown cancer (i.e., occult cancer) after an acute ischemic stroke (AIS) could result in faster initiation of cancer therapy and potentially improve clinical outcomes. Our study aimed to compare mortality rates between AIS patients with occult cancer diagnosed during the index stroke hospitalization versus those diagnosed after hospital discharge."
3464,brain tumour,39106860,A single-cell transcriptomic map of the developing Atoh1 lineage identifies neural fate decisions and neuronal diversity in the hindbrain.,"Proneural transcription factors establish molecular cascades to orchestrate neuronal diversity. One such transcription factor, Atonal homolog 1 (Atoh1), gives rise to cerebellar excitatory neurons and over 30 distinct nuclei in the brainstem critical for hearing, breathing, and balance. Although Atoh1 lineage neurons have been qualitatively described, the transcriptional programs that drive their fate decisions and the full extent of their diversity remain unknown. Here, we analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing and ATOH1 DNA binding in Atoh1 lineage neurons of the developing mouse hindbrain. This high-resolution dataset identified markers for specific brainstem nuclei and demonstrated that transcriptionally heterogeneous progenitors require ATOH1 for proper migration. Moreover, we identified a sizable population of proliferating unipolar brush cell progenitors in the mouse Atoh1 lineage, previously described in humans as the origin of one medulloblastoma subtype. Collectively, our data provide insights into the developing mouse hindbrain and markers for functional assessment of understudied neuronal populations."
3465,brain tumour,39106820,Red light-induced localized release of carbon monoxide for alleviating postoperative cognitive dysfunction.,"Inflammation within the central nervous system (CNS), which may be triggered by surgical trauma, has been implicated as a significant factor contributing to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). The relationship between mitigating inflammation at peripheral surgical sites and its potential to attenuate the CNS inflammatory response, thereby easing POCD symptoms, remains uncertain. Notably, carbon monoxide (CO), a gasotransmitter, exhibits pronounced anti-inflammatory effects. Herein, we have developed carbon monoxide-releasing micelles (CORMs), a nanoparticle that safely and locally liberates CO upon exposure to 650 nm light irradiation. In a POCD mouse model, treatment with CORMs activated by light (CORMs + hv) markedly reduced the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in both the peripheral blood and the hippocampus, alongside a decrease in ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 in the hippocampal CA1 region. Furthermore, CORMs + hv treatment diminished Evans blue extravasation, augmented the expression of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and occludin, enhanced neurocognitive functions, and fostered fracture healing. Bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation has identified Htr1b and Trhr as potential key regulators in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway implicated in POCD. This work offers new perspectives on the mechanisms driving POCD and avenues for therapeutic intervention."
3466,brain tumour,39106816,Local delivery of carboplatin-loaded hydrogel and calcium carbonate enables two-stage drug release for limited-dose radiation to eliminate mouse malignant glioma.,"Postoperative radiotherapy remains the gold standard for malignant glioma treatment. Clinical limitations, including tumor growth between surgery and radiotherapy and the emergence of radioresistance, reduce treatment effectiveness and result in local disease progression. This study aimed to develop a local drug delivery system to inhibit tumor growth before radiotherapy and enhance the subsequent anticancer effects of limited-dose radiotherapy. We developed a compound of carboplatin-loaded hydrogel (CPH) incorporated with carboplatin-loaded calcium carbonate (CPCC) to enable two-stage (peritumoral and intracellular) release of carboplatin to initially inhibit tumor growth and to synergize with limited-dose radiation (10 Gy in a single fraction) to eliminate malignant glioma (ALTS1C1 cells) in a C57BL/6 mouse subcutaneous tumor model. The doses of carboplatin in CPH and CPCC treatments were 150 μL (carboplatin concentration of 5 mg/mL) and 15 mg (carboplatin concentration of 4.1 μg/mg), respectively. Mice receiving the combination of CPH-CPCC treatment and limited-dose radiation exhibited significantly reduced tumor growth volume compared to those receiving double-dose radiation alone. Furthermore, combining CPH-CPCC treatment with limited-dose radiation resulted in significantly longer progression-free survival than combining CPH treatment with limited-dose radiation. Local CPH-CPCC delivery synergized effectively with limited-dose radiation to eliminate mouse glioma, offering a promising solution for overcoming clinical limitations."
3467,brain tumour,39106716,Peptidyl arginine deiminase-4 inhibitor ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis through positive regulation of developmental endothelial locus-1.,"Recurring lung injury, chronic inflammation, aberrant tissue repair and impaired tissue remodelling contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are released by activated neutrophils to trap, immobilise and kill invading pathogen and is facilitated by peptidyl arginine deiminase-4 (PAD-4). Dysregulated NETs release and abnormal PAD-4 activation plays a crucial role in activating pro-fibrotic events in PF. Developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1), expressed by the endothelial cells of lungs and brain acts as an endogenous inhibitor of inflammation and fibrosis. We have hypothesised that PAD-4 inhibitor exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects in mice model of PF. We have also hypothesised by PAD-4 regulated the transcription of Del-1 through co-repression and its inhibition potentiates anti-fibrotic effects of Del-1. In our study, the PAD-4 inhibitor chloro-amidine (CLA) demonstrated anti-NETotic and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro in differentiated HL-60 cells. In a bleomycin-induced PF mice model, CLA administration in two doses (3 mg/kg, I.P and 10 mg/kg, I.P) improved lung function, normalized bronchoalveolar lavage fluid parameters, and attenuated fibrotic events, including markers of extracellular matrix and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Histological analyses confirmed the restoration of lung architecture and collagen deposition with CLA treatment. ELISA, IHC, IF, RT-PCR, and immunoblot analysis supported the anti-NETotic effects of CLA. Furthermore, BLM-induced PF reduced Del-1 and p53 expression, which was normalized by CLA treatment. These findings suggest that inhibition of PAD-4 results in amelioration of PF in animal model and may involve modulation of Del-1 and p53 pathways, warranting further investigation."
3468,brain tumour,39106672,Brain-GCN-Net: Graph-Convolutional Neural Network for brain tumor identification.,"The intersection of artificial intelligence and medical image analysis has ushered in a new era of innovation and changed the landscape of brain tumor detection and diagnosis. Correct detection and classification of brain tumors based on medical images is crucial for early diagnosis and effective treatment. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models are widely used for disease detection. However, they are sometimes unable to sufficiently recognize the complex features of medical images."
3469,brain tumour,39106670,Integrated diagnosis of glioma based on magnetic resonance images with incomplete ground truth labels.,"Since the 2016 WHO guidelines, glioma diagnosis has entered an era of integrated diagnosis, combining tissue pathology and molecular pathology. The WHO has focused on promoting the application of molecular diagnosis in the classification of central nervous system tumors. Genetic information such as IDH1 and 1p/19q are important molecular markers, and pathological grading is also a key clinical indicator. However, obtaining genetic pathology labels is more costly than conventional MRI images, resulting in a large number of missing labels in realistic modeling."
3470,brain tumour,39106259,G-Net: Implementing an enhanced brain tumor segmentation framework using semantic segmentation design.,"A fundamental computer vision task called semantic segmentation has significant uses in the understanding of medical pictures, including the segmentation of tumors in the brain. The G-Shaped Net architecture appears in this context as an innovative and promising design that combines components from many models to attain improved accuracy and efficiency. In order to improve efficiency, the G-Shaped Net architecture synergistically incorporates four fundamental components: the Self-Attention, Squeeze Excitation, Fusion, and Spatial Pyramid Pooling block structures. These factors work together to improve the precision and effectiveness of brain tumor segmentation. Self-Attention, a crucial component of G-Shaped architecture, gives the model the ability to concentrate on the image's most informative areas, enabling accurate localization of tumor boundaries. By adjusting channel-wise feature maps, Squeeze Excitation completes this by improving the model's capacity to capture fine-grained information in the medical pictures. Since the G-Shaped model's Spatial Pyramid Pooling component provides multi-scale contextual information, the model is capable of handling tumors of various sizes and complexity levels. Additionally, the Fusion block architectures combine characteristics from many sources, enabling a thorough comprehension of the image and improving the segmentation outcomes. The G-Shaped Net architecture is an asset for medical imaging and diagnostics and represents a substantial development in semantic segmentation, which is needed more and more for accurate brain tumor segmentation."
3471,brain tumour,39106090,Decoding Patient Heterogeneity Influencing Radiation-Induced Brain Necrosis.,"In radiotherapy (RT) for brain tumors, patient heterogeneity masks treatment effects, complicating the prediction and mitigation of radiation-induced brain necrosis. Therefore, understanding this heterogeneity is essential for improving outcome assessments and reducing toxicity."
3472,brain tumour,39105956,"Imaging timing after surgery for glioblastoma: an evaluation of practice in Great Britain and Ireland (INTERVAL-GB)- a multi-centre, cohort study.","Post-operative MRI is used to assess extent of resection, monitor treatment response and detect progression in high-grade glioma. However, compliance with accepted guidelines for follow-up MRI, and impact on management/outcomes is unclear."
3473,brain tumour,39105955,Perception of pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis in glioma patients receiving concurrent temozolomide and radiation- a patient and physician survey.,"Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis is required by provincial and national drug monographs during glioma treatment using temozolomide (TMZ) concurrently with radiation (TMZ-RT). However, real-world data suggest the potential benefits of PJP prophylaxis may not outweigh its potential harms in this population."
3474,brain tumour,39105948,Stereotactic radiosurgery for intraventricular meningioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,No abstract found
3475,brain tumour,39105868,"Letter to the editor ""Neurosurgical short-term outcomes for pediatric medulloblastoma patients and molecular correlations: a 10-year single-centre observation cohort study"".",No abstract found
3476,brain tumour,39105848,Targeting PI3K-gamma in myeloid driven tumour immune suppression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the preclinical literature.,"The intricate interplay between immune and stromal cells within the tumour microenvironment (TME) significantly influences tumour progression. Myeloid cells, including tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), neutrophils (TANs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), contribute to immune suppression in the TME (Nakamura and Smyth in Cell Mol Immunol 17(1):1-12 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-019-0306-1 ; DeNardo and Ruffell in Nat Rev Immunol 19(6):369-382 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-019-0127-6 ). This poses a significant challenge for novel immunotherapeutics that rely on host immunity to exert their effect. This systematic review explores the preclinical evidence surrounding the inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) as a strategy to reverse myeloid-driven immune suppression in solid tumours. EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases were searched on 6 October 2022 using keyword and subject heading terms to capture relevant studies. The studies, focusing on PI3Kγ inhibition in animal models, were subjected to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Extracted data included tumour growth kinetics, survival endpoints, and immunological responses which were meta-analysed. PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines were followed. A total of 36 studies covering 73 animal models were included in the review and meta-analysis. Tumour models covered breast, colorectal, lung, skin, pancreas, brain, liver, prostate, head and neck, soft tissue, gastric, and oral cancer. The predominant PI3Kγ inhibitors were IPI-549 and TG100-115, demonstrating favourable specificity for the gamma isoform. Combination therapies, often involving chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, biological agents, or vaccines, were explored in 81% of studies. Analysis of tumour growth kinetics revealed a statistically significant though heterogeneous response to PI3Kγ monotherapy, whereas the tumour growth in combination treated groups were more consistently reduced. Survival analysis showed a pronounced increase in median overall survival with combination therapy. This systematic review provides a comprehensive analysis of preclinical studies investigating PI3Kγ inhibition in myeloid-driven tumour immune suppression. The identified studies underscore the potential of PI3Kγ inhibition in reshaping the TME by modulating myeloid cell functions. The combination of PI3Kγ inhibition with other therapeutic modalities demonstrated enhanced antitumour effects, suggesting a synergistic approach to overcome immune suppression. These findings support the potential of PI3Kγ-targeted therapies, particularly in combination regimens, as a promising avenue for future clinical exploration in diverse solid tumour types."
3477,brain tumour,39105794,Predicting recurrent glioblastoma clinical outcome to immune checkpoint inhibition and low-dose bevacizumab with tumor in situ fluid circulating tumor DNA analysis.,"Most recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) patients do not benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition, emphasizing the necessity for response biomarkers. This study evaluates whether tumor in situ fluid (TISF) circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) could serve as a biomarker for response to low-dose bevacizumab (Bev) plus anti-PD-1 therapy in rGBM patients, aiming to enhance systemic responses to immunotherapy."
3478,brain tumour,39105762,Multiparametric whole-body MRI of patients with neurofibromatosis type I: spectrum of imaging findings.,"Neurofibromatosis (NF) type I is a neuroectodermal and mesodermal dysplasia caused by a mutation of the neurofibromin tumor suppressor gene. Phenotypic features of NF1 vary, and patients develop benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors and malignant neoplasms, such as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, malignant melanoma, and astrocytoma. Multiparametric whole-body MR imaging (WBMRI) plays a critical role in disease surveillance. Multiparametric MRI, typically used in prostate imaging, is a general term for a technique that includes multiple sequences, i.e. anatomic, diffusion, and Dixon-based pre- and post-contrast imaging. This article discusses the value of multiparametric WBMRI and illustrates the spectrum of whole-body lesions of NF1 in a single imaging setting. Examples of lesions include those in the skin (tumors and axillary freckling), soft tissues (benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, visceral plexiform, and diffuse lesions), bone and joints (nutrient nerve lesions, non-ossifying fibromas, intra-articular neurofibroma, etc.), spine (acute-angled scoliosis, dural ectasia, intraspinal tumors, etc.), and brain/skull (optic nerve glioma, choroid plexus xanthogranuloma, sphenoid wing dysplasia, cerebral hamartomas, etc.). After reading this article, the reader will gain knowledge of the variety of lesions encountered with NF1 and their WBMRI appearances. Timely identification of such lesions can aid in accurate diagnosis and appropriate patient management."
3479,brain tumour,39105761,Folate Receptor β (FRβ) Expression on Myeloid Cells and the Impact of Reticuloendothelial System on Folate-Functionalized Nanoparticles' Biodistribution in Cancer.,"Folate uptake is largely mediated by folate receptor (FR)β, encoded by FOLR2 gene, in myeloid immune cells such as granulocytes, monocytes, and especially in macrophages that constitute the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and infiltrate the tumor microenvironment. Since the myeloid immune compartment dynamically changes during tumorigenesis, it is critical to assess the infiltration status of the tumors by FRβ-expressing myeloid cells to better define the targeting efficacy of folate-functionalized drug delivery systems. On the other hand, clearance by RES is a major limitation for the targeting efficacy of nanoparticles decorated with folate. Therefore, the aims of this study are (i) to determine the amount and subtypes of FRβ"
3480,brain tumour,39105035,Malignant Phyllodes Tumor With Chondroblastic Osteosarcomatous Differentiation: A Case Report.,"Malignant phyllodes tumors (MPTs) represent the most pernicious type of intralobular stromal proliferation known as a ""fibroepithelial lesion"" (FEL). They comprise a small fraction of breast malignancies and can present as either a pure MPT or sometimes include a heterologous component (liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, or rhabdomyosarcoma). Of the fraction of MPTs that include heterologous components, very little about those with chondroblastic osteosarcomatous differentiation has been described in the literature. As such, a characteristic staining profile has yet to be established, even though morphological analysis is the cornerstone of diagnosis. The few reported cases have described a poor prognosis. Therefore, we present a case of MPT with chondroblastic osteosarcomatous differentiation to contribute to the dearth of literature examining this entity."
3481,brain tumour,39104982,Emergency Resection of a Large Third Ventricle Colloid Cyst: Ipsilateral vs. Contralateral Interhemispheric Approach Based on the Hydrocephalus Status.,"Colloid cysts of the third ventricle are rare, benign intracranial tumors that can cause significant neurological symptoms and complications, particularly when they lead to obstructive hydrocephalus. The aim of this study is to present a case of a large third ventricle colloid cyst causing acute hydrocephalus and fainting attacks, necessitating emergency surgery. This is a case of a 46-year-old female presenting with headaches and recurrent fainting attacks. Cardiac evaluations were normal. Brain MRI revealed a 3x3 cm cystic lesion in the anterior superior portion of the third ventricle, causing moderate hydrocephalus with a transependymal edema. Due to acute hydrocephalus and fainting attacks attributed to arrhythmias from hypothalamic compression, emergency surgical resection was performed. A contralateral interhemispheric transcallosal approach with a right frontal craniotomy was used to achieve gross total resection. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and a follow-up MRI showed an empty tumor bed and resolved hydrocephalus. In conclusion, prompt diagnosis and emergency surgical intervention are crucial in cases of acute hydrocephalus caused by third ventricle colloid cysts. The successful outcome of this emergency resection demonstrates the effectiveness of timely surgical management in preventing severe complications."
3482,brain tumour,39104874,Treatment Planning Methods for Dose Painting by Numbers Treatment in Gamma Knife Radiosurgery.,"Dose painting radiation therapy delivers a nonuniform dose to tumors to account for heterogeneous radiosensitivity. With recent and ongoing development of Gamma Knife machines making large-volume brain tumor treatments more practical, it is increasingly feasible to deliver dose painting treatments. The increased prescription complexity means automated treatment planning is greatly beneficial, and the impact of dose painting on stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) plan quality has not yet been studied. This research investigates the plan quality achievable for Gamma Knife SRS dose painting treatments when using optimization techniques and automated isocenter placement in treatment planning."
3483,brain tumour,39104626,Recent deep learning-based brain tumor segmentation models using multi-modality magnetic resonance imaging: a prospective survey.,"Radiologists encounter significant challenges when segmenting and determining brain tumors in patients because this information assists in treatment planning. The utilization of artificial intelligence (AI), especially deep learning (DL), has emerged as a useful tool in healthcare, aiding radiologists in their diagnostic processes. This empowers radiologists to understand the biology of tumors better and provide personalized care to patients with brain tumors. The segmentation of brain tumors using multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images has received considerable attention. In this survey, we first discuss multi-modal and available magnetic resonance imaging modalities and their properties. Subsequently, we discuss the most recent DL-based models for brain tumor segmentation using multi-modal MRI. We divide this section into three parts based on the architecture: the first is for models that use the backbone of convolutional neural networks (CNN), the second is for vision transformer-based models, and the third is for hybrid models that use both convolutional neural networks and transformer in the architecture. In addition, in-depth statistical analysis is performed of the recent publication, frequently used datasets, and evaluation metrics for segmentation tasks. Finally, open research challenges are identified and suggested promising future directions for brain tumor segmentation to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes for patients with brain tumors. This aligns with public health goals to use health technologies for better healthcare delivery and population health management."
3484,brain tumour,39104535,Autoimmune encephalitis followed by hemophagocytic lymph histiocytosis: a case report.,This study aims to report three cases of autoimmune encephalitis followed by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
3485,brain tumour,39103871,Progesterone boosts abiraterone-driven target and NK cell therapies against glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) poses a significant challenge in oncology, with median survival times barely extending beyond a year due to resistance to standard therapies like temozolomide (TMZ). This study introduces a novel therapeutic strategy combining progesterone (Prog) and abiraterone (Abi) aimed at enhancing GBM treatment efficacy by modulating the tumor microenvironment and augmenting NK cell-mediated immunity."
3486,brain tumour,39103758,Effects of brain radiotherapy strategies on survival in the era of MRI for patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer.,"In the context of the widespread availability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and aggressive salvage irradiation techniques, there has been controversy surrounding the use of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. This study aimed to explore whether regular brain MRI plus salvage brain irradiation (SBI) is not inferior to PCI in patients with limited-stage SCLC (LS-SCLC)."
3487,brain tumour,39103576,Nucleophosmin 1 promotes mucosal immunity by supporting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and ILC3 activity.,"Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) is commonly mutated in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia. Concurrent inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and MDS are common, indicating a close relationship between IBD and MDS. Here we examined the function of NPM1 in IBD and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). NPM1 expression was reduced in patients with IBD. Npm1"
3488,brain tumour,39103507,Nrf1 Reduces COX-2 Expression and Maintains Cellular Homeostasis After Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion By Targeting IL-6/TNF-α Protein Production.,"Neuroinflammation has been considered involved in the process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Transcription factors play a crucial role in regulating gene transcription and the expressions of specific proteins during the progression of various neurological diseases. Evidence showed that transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1 (NFE2L1, also known as Nrf1) possessed strong biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. However, its role and potential molecular mechanisms in CIRI remain unclear. In our study, we observed a significant elevation of Nrf1 in the cerebral cortex following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. The Nrf1 downregulation markedly raised COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 protein levels during middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion in rats, which led to worsened neurological deficits, higher cerebral infarct volume, and intensified cortical histopathological damage. In subsequent in vitro studies, the expression of Nrf1 protein increased following oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion treatment on neurons. Subsequently, Nrf1 knockdown resulted in a significant upregulation of inflammatory factors, leading to a substantial increase in the cell death rate. Through analyzing the alterations in the expression of inflammatory factors under diverse interventions, it is indicated that Nrf1 possesses the capacity to discern variations in inflammatory factors via specific structural domains. Our findings demonstrate the translocation of the Nrf1 protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, thereby modulating the protein expression of IL-6/TNF-α and subsequently reducing the expression of multiple inflammatory factors. This study signifies, for the first time, that during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, Nrf1 translocases to the nucleus to regulate the protein expression of IL-6/TNF-α, consequently suppressing COX-2 expression and governing cellular inflammation, ultimately upholding cellular homeostasis."
3489,brain tumour,39103269,[Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes: a clinicopathological analysis of three cases].,
3490,brain tumour,39103070,MicroRNA-522-3p promotes brain metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer by targeting Tensin 1 and modulating blood-brain barrier permeability.,"Brain metastases account for more than 50 % of intracranial central nervous system tumors. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is mainly composed of endothelial cells, which exhibit low endocytosis and high efflux pumps. Although they are connected by continuous tight junctions and serve as a protective insulation, the BBB does not prevent the development of brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Improving understanding on the mechanisms underlying the development of brain metastasis and the differential molecular characteristics relative to the primary tumor are therefore key in the treatment of brain metastases. This study evaluated the differential expression of miR-522-3p in NSCLC and brain metastases using the Gene Expression Omnibus database. NSCLC brain metastasis model was constructed to screen for cell lines that demonstrated high potential for brain metastasis; We also observed differential expression of miRNA-522-3p in the paraffin-embedded specimens of non-small cell lung cancer and brain metastases from our hospital. The molecular biological functions of miRNA-522-3p were verified using 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) proliferation assay and Transwell invasion assays. RNA-seq was employed to identify downstream target proteins, and the dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed Tensin 1 (TNS1), a protein that links the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, as the downstream regulatory target protein. In vitro blood-brain barrier models and co-culture models were constructed to further identify the role of miRNA-522-3p and TNS1; the expression of BBB-related proteins (ZO-1 and OLCN) was also identified. In vivo experiments were performed to verify the effects of miRNA-522-3p on the time and incidence of NSCLC brain metastasis. The results showed significantly high expression in GSE51666; consistent results were obtained in brain metastasis cells and paraffin samples. RNA-seq combined with miRNA target protein prediction demonstrated TNS1 to be directly downstream of miR-522-3p and to be associated with cell proliferation and invasion. By regulating ZO-1 and OCLN expression, mi-522-3p/TNS1 may increase tumor cell penetration through the BBB while decreasing its permeability. In vivo, miR-522-3p was further demonstrated to significantly promote the formation of brain metastases. miR-522-3p/TNS1 can affect BBB permeability and encourage the growth of brain metastases by modifying the BBB TJ proteins. This axis offers new therapeutic targets for the prevention of brain metastasis."
3491,brain tumour,39103023,Yunnan baiyao exerts anti-glioma activity by inducing autophagy-dependent necroptosis.,"Yunnan Baiyao (YB), a traditional herbal formulation, has been used for over a century to manage bleeding and enhance blood circulation. Its ingredients are widely recognized for their anti-cancer properties. However, its impact on glioma, the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system, remains unexplored."
3492,brain tumour,39102993,Juglone suppresses vasculogenic mimicry in glioma through inhibition of HuR-mediated VEGF-A expression.,"Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) serves as a vascular-like channel that provides important substances for tumor growth and is a primary factor in glioblastoma (GBM) drug resistance. Human Antigen R (HuR)-an mRNA-binding protein-is highly expressed in GBM, closely related to tumor progression, and deemed a potential drug target. Although some small-molecule compounds have been identified to disrupt HuR binding to target mRNA, they remain in the preclinical research stage, suggesting the need for further validation and development of HuR inhibitors. In our study, we aim to screen for potential HuR inhibitors and investigate their efficacy and molecular mechanisms in GBM. We employed the fluorescence polarization method to identify HuR inhibitors from a natural compound library, confirming the efficacy of juglone in effectively inhibiting the binding of HuR to ARE"
3493,brain tumour,39102879,Virtual Pooled Registry-Cancer Linkage System: an improved method for ascertaining cancer diagnoses.,"The National Cancer Institute funds many large cohort studies that rely on self-reported cancer data requiring medical record validation. This is labor intensive, costly, and prone to underreporting or misreporting of cancer and disparity-related differential response. US population-based central cancer registries identify incident cancer within their catchment area, yielding all malignant neoplasms and benign brain and central nervous system tumors with standardized data fields. This manuscript describes the development, implementation, and features of a system to facilitate linkage between cohort studies and cancer registries and the release of cancer registry data for matched cohort participants."
3494,brain tumour,39102460,Resection of extensive segments of inferior vena cava without reconstruction in the treatment of renal carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus: A case report.,"We present a 55-year-old male patient with right renal carcinoma with long inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with extensive IVC resection and left renal vein ligation. The patient had a history of hematuria only prior to admission. Our case involved resection of the entire abdominal segment of the IVC and left renal vein without reconstruction. Unfortunately, the patient passed away over a year after the surgery due to brain metastasis."
3495,brain tumour,39102350,Fluorescent Pdots Facilitate High-Resolution Mapping of the Intact Meningeal Vascular Network and Eye-Brain Connections.,"Meningeal vascular network is significant in neurology and neurosurgery. However, high-resolution imaging of intact meningeal vascular network is lacking. In this work, we develop a practical experimental method to ensure that the intact meninges are morphologically unfolded and fixed in an agarose gel. With the help of high-brightness polymer dots (Pdots) as probe, macroscopic and detailed imaging of the vascular network on the intact dorsal meninges can be performed. Meningeal vessels are symmetrically distributed along the superior sagittal sinus, and the distribution of meningeal vessels had a certain degree of hierarchy. The meninges are thicker blood vessels and capillary networks from the outside to the inside. Moreover, the diameter of the capillaries is 3.96 ± 0.89 μm. Interestingly, meningeal primo vessels in the central nervous system of mice is imaged with the diameter of 4.18 ± 1.18 μm, which has not been reported previously. It is worth mentioning that we found that orthotopic xenografts of brain tumors caused the appearance of corneal neovascularization and morphological changes in optic nerve microvessels. In conclusion, our work provides an effective Pdots-based imaging method for follow-up research on meningeal vascular-related diseases, and illustrates that the eye can serve as a window for the prevention and diagnosis of brain diseases."
3496,brain tumour,39102214,Next-generation vaccines are showing promise against glioblastoma.,No abstract found
3497,brain tumour,39102118,Tumor-related epilepsy in high-grade glioma: a large series survival analysis.,"Seizures are a common clinical occurrence in high-grade glioma (HGG). While many studies have explored seizure incidence and prevalence in HGG, limited studies have examined the prognostic effect of seizures occurring in the post-diagnosis setting. This study aims to assess the impact of seizure presentation on HGG survival outcomes."
3498,brain tumour,39102117,Establishing the utility of multi-platform liquid biopsy by integrating the CSF methylome and proteome in CNS tumours.,"Liquid biopsy represents a major development in cancer research, with significant translational potential. Similarly, it is increasingly recognized that multi-omic molecular approaches are a powerful avenue through which to understand complex and heterogeneous disease biology. We hypothesize that merging these two promising frontiers of cancer research will improve the discriminatory capacity of current models and allow for improved clinical utility."
3499,brain tumour,39102087,Radiomics features for the discrimination of tuberculomas from high grade gliomas and metastasis: a multimodal study.,"Tuberculomas are prevalent in developing countries and demonstrate variable signals on MRI resulting in the overlap of the conventional imaging phenotype with other entities including glioma and brain metastasis. An accurate MRI diagnosis is important for the early institution of anti-tubercular therapy, decreased patient morbidity, mortality, and prevents unnecessary neurosurgical excision. This study aims to assess the potential of radiomics features of regular contrast images including T1W, T2W, T2W FLAIR, T1W post contrast images, and ADC maps, to differentiate between tuberculomas, high-grade-gliomas and metastasis, the commonest intra parenchymal mass lesions encountered in the clinical practice."
3500,brain tumour,39102032,Approaches based on natural products and miRNAs in pituitary adenomas: unveiling therapeutic intervention.,"Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are tumors originating in the pituitary gland, a small gland located at the base of the brain. They are the most common type of pituitary tumor, affecting approximately 1 in 10 people over their lifetime. Common symptoms include headaches, vision problems, hormonal imbalances, and weight changes. Treatment options depend on the type and size of the adenoma and may consist of medication, surgery, radiation therapy, or a combination. PAs are typically benign and slow-growing, but they can cause significant health issues if left untreated. Proper diagnosis and management by an experienced multidisciplinary team is important for achieving the best outcomes. Natural compounds like celastrol, curcumin, quercetin, apigenin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and genistein have shown the ability to inhibit cell growth, promote cell death, and suppress hormone activity in pituitary tumor cells, suggesting their potential as alternative or complementary treatments for PAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a kind of tiny RNA molecules that do not code for proteins and have a vital function in controlling gene expression. These 21-23 nucleotide-long molecules regulate gene expression by binding to complementary sequences in mRNA molecules, leading to mRNA degradation. miRNAs participate in a wide range of biological activities, including apoptosis, metastasis, differentiation, and proliferation. The research indicates that miRNAs play a crucial role in the pathogenesis, therapeutic approaches, diagnosis, and prognosis of PAs. This review article will provide a comprehensive analysis of the current understanding of the efficacy of naturally derived anti-cancer agents in the treatment of PAs. Furthermore, the study provides a comprehensive assessment of the miRNAs in PAs, their role in the development of PAs, and their potential application in the treatment of the condition."
3501,brain tumour,39101880,Unveiling hierarchy and spatial distribution of O,This study investigated the role of O
3502,brain tumour,39101773,Transcriptomic profiling of intermediate cell carcinoma of the liver.,"Intermediate cell carcinoma (Int-CA) is a rare and enigmatic primary liver cancer characterized by uniform tumor cells exhibiting mixed features of both HCC and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Despite the unique pathological features of int-CA, its molecular characteristics remain unclear yet."
3503,brain tumour,39101481,"Identifying associations between sample characteristics, symptoms, and self-efficacy differences in adult patients with rare tumors of the central nervous system who participated in a novel web-based natural history study.",High self-efficacy is associated with improved self-care and reduced symptoms in cancer patients but has not been fully interrogated in adults with central nervous system (CNS) cancers. We aimed to identify the relationship between self-efficacy levels in managing emotions (SEMEM) and social interactions (SEMSI) by examining sample characteristics and symptom burden.
3504,brain tumour,39101329,Rapid Biofabrication of an Advanced Microphysiological System Mimicking Phenotypical Heterogeneity and Drug Resistance in Glioblastoma.,"Microphysiological systems (MPSs) reconstitute tissue interfaces and organ functions, presenting a promising alternative to animal models in drug development. However, traditional materials like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) often interfere by absorbing hydrophobic molecules, affecting drug testing accuracy. Additive manufacturing, including 3D bioprinting, offers viable solutions. GlioFlow3D, a novel microfluidic platform combining extrusion bioprinting and stereolithography (SLA) is introduced. GlioFlow3D integrates primary human cells and glioblastoma (GBM) lines in hydrogel-based microchannels mimicking vasculature, within an SLA resin framework using cost-effective materials. The study introduces a robust protocol to mitigate SLA resin cytotoxicity. Compared to PDMS, GlioFlow3D demonstrated lower small molecule absorption, which is relevant for accurate testing of small molecules like Temozolomide (TMZ). Computational modeling is used to optimize a pumpless setup simulating interstitial fluid flow dynamics in tissues. Co-culturing GBM with brain endothelial cells in GlioFlow3D showed enhanced CD133 expression and TMZ resistance near vascular interfaces, highlighting spatial drug resistance mechanisms. This PDMS-free platform promises advanced drug testing, improving preclinical research and personalized therapy by elucidating complex GBM drug resistance mechanisms influenced by the tissue microenvironment."
3505,brain tumour,39101254,Computed tomography-based radiomics and clinical-genetic features for brain metastasis prediction in patients with stage III/IV epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer.,To evaluate the value of computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics combined with clinical-genetic features in predicting brain metastasis in patients with stage III/IV epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
3506,brain tumour,39101025,Intraventricular neurocytoma: A diagnostic challenge with prognostic value.,"Intraventricular neurocytoma is a low incidence central nervous system tumor. It predominantly affects young adults with no apparent gender predilection. The main symptoms include headache, nausea and vomiting. These result from hydrocephalus due to the obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid flow. On diagnostic imaging, neurocytoma can be suspected by some features, such as peripheral cysts, lobulated contours and septa that bridge the ventricular wall, giving a ""scalloped"" appearance. There are other characteristics, but they are less specific for the diagnosis. The atypical variant of neurocytoma is even rarer and leads to a worst prognosis. Atypical neurocytomas develop higher proliferative potential identified by the Ki-67 biomarker and higher recurrence rate. There are few studies about the imaging characteristics of atypical neurocytomas. At this point, there are no reliable distinctive features to differentiate atypical neurocytomas, especially due to their low incidence. We present the case of a 20-year-old female patient with symptoms of intracraneal hypertension. CT and MRI of the brain revealed a mass occupying the body of the left lateral ventricle, adjacent to the foramen of Monro. The mass was primarily solid with discrete peripheral cyst and a few scalloped areas. It also showed signs of supratentorial obstructive hydrocephalus. The tumor was partially removed because of bleeding and compromise of vascular structures. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive synaptophysin, elevated Ki-67 (7%), increased number of blood vessels and moderate nuclear atypia. After surgery, the patient persisted with signs of intracranial hypertension, not improving with clinical management and requiring aggressive surgical procedures. While rare, atypical neurocytoma requires a better characterization, especially through imaging, to optimize immediate management and explore new therapeutic options."
3507,brain tumour,39101018,The prenatal imaging of a rare congenital intracranial teratoma.,"Fetal intracranial teratoma presents a rare and devastating diagnosis. Typically, this condition is first detected during routine prenatal ultrasounds, appearing as an irregular heterogeneous lesion. Further insights are gained through fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), better characterizing the anomaly. The combination of these modalities provides detail-oriented high resolution MRI images, while follow-up ultrasounds capture dynamic growth changes, serving as a cost-effective and easily accessible adjunct. This fast-growing tumor leads to macrocephaly and ventriculomegaly, causing severe distortion of the brain parenchyma. Early detection is crucial for effective fetal management and preventing maternal complications. Unfortunately, treatment options are limited due to the tumor's aggressive nature, typically resulting in fetal demise shortly after birth. Here, we present the sonographic and MRI findings of a congenital intracranial teratoma, reaching massive proportions and replacing the entire cerebral hemisphere."
3508,brain tumour,39100499,Hybrid brain tumor classification of histopathology hyperspectral images by linear unmixing and an ensemble of deep neural networks.,"Hyperspectral imaging has demonstrated its potential to provide correlated spatial and spectral information of a sample by a non-contact and non-invasive technology. In the medical field, especially in histopathology, HSI has been applied for the classification and identification of diseased tissue and for the characterization of its morphological properties. In this work, we propose a hybrid scheme to classify non-tumor and tumor histological brain samples by hyperspectral imaging. The proposed approach is based on the identification of characteristic components in a hyperspectral image by linear unmixing, as a features engineering step, and the subsequent classification by a deep learning approach. For this last step, an ensemble of deep neural networks is evaluated by a cross-validation scheme on an augmented dataset and a transfer learning scheme. The proposed method can classify histological brain samples with an average accuracy of 88%, and reduced variability, computational cost, and inference times, which presents an advantage over methods in the state-of-the-art. Hence, the work demonstrates the potential of hybrid classification methodologies to achieve robust and reliable results by combining linear unmixing for features extraction and deep learning for classification."
3509,brain tumour,39099998,Clinicopathological Profiles of and Patterns of Recurrence in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients at a Cancer Care Center in Southern India.,Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the absence of expression of the estrogen receptor and the progesterone receptor by immunohistochemistry and human epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression absence either by immunohistochemistry or absence of amplification by fluorescence in-situ hybridization. TNBCs tend to have rapid growth when compared to other subtypes of breast cancer. TNBC is associated with higher histologic grade and more advanced disease at presentation. TNBC shows aggressive behavior and a high chance of recurrence.
3510,brain tumour,39099765,Review of metastasis to meningiomas with case examples.,"A tumor-to-tumor metastasis (TTM) is a rare metastatic process where a primary malignant tumor metastasizes to another tumor, most commonly a benign tumor such as a meningioma. Here, we present two recent cases of tumor-to-meningioma metastases (TMM) from our clinical practice and review of recent literature. The primary cancers were prostate and breast cancer, respectively."
3511,brain tumour,39099763,The Effect of Intracranial Control After Intracranial Local Therapy on the Prognosis of Patients with Brain Metastasis of Lung Adenocarcinoma.,The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases (BMs) after intracranial local therapy.
3512,brain tumour,39099463,The Prognostic Value of Preoperative Inflammatory Markers for Pathological Grading of Glioma Patients.,
3513,brain tumour,39099324,Blood biomarkers for neuroaxonal injury and astrocytic activation in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.,"Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a troublesome side effect in patients exposed to taxanes in the treatment of cancer and may affect quality of life dramatically. Here we assessed whether serum levels of neurofilament light (NfL) and tau (two neuroaxonal injury biomarkers) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, a biomarker for astrocytic activation) correlate with the development of CIPN in the adjuvant setting of early breast cancer."
3514,brain tumour,39099099,Liver transplantation for organ failure following multiple locoregional treatments for breast cancer metastasis.,"Patients with nonresectable breast cancer liver metastasis (BCLM) face a dismal prognosis. Despite liver transplantation (LT) for metastatic liver tumors having recently shown good results, BCLM represents an absolute contraindication. This study aimed to investigate the potential for long-term survival after LT for BCLMs in a patient experiencing end-stage liver disease, following multiple oncologic treatments. In July 2019, we performed a deceased donor LT on a 41-year-old female with BCLM controlled with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 targeted therapy, who developed liver failure following multiple locoregional liver-directed treatments. The primary tumor was treated with surgical resection and adjuvant chemoradiation in 2000. The procedure was performed under a protocol approved by the local ethical committee, and by the Italian National Transplant Center. A 12-month treatment with trastuzumab was performed immediately after LT. Immunosuppression following transplantation was undertaken without steroids, and with everolimus. The patient completed 12 months of follow-up without recurrence. Trastuzumab was then withdrawn. Fifteen months after LT, a liver recurrence occurred that was treated with chemotherapy. In October 2021, she developed 2 brain lesions that were treated with stereotactic radiation. The patient is still alive, with a positron emission tomography/computed tomography performed in January 2024 showing no disease. LT for this patient with BCLM of extreme selectivity showed a good clinical outcome. Perioperative systemic treatment and tumor control are necessary. A specific protocol should be discussed within a multidisciplinary team, and with local and national authorities. Even if tumor recurrence occurs, multimodal therapy can control the disease."
3515,brain tumour,39099000,"p27 specifically decreases in squamous carcinoma, and mediates NNK-induced transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells.","Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with cigarette smoking being the most critical factor, linked to nearly 90% of lung cancer cases. NNK, a highly carcinogenic nitrosamine found in tobacco, is implicated in the lung cancer-causing effects of cigarette smoke. Although NNK is known to mutate or activate certain oncogenes, its potential interaction with p27 in modulating these carcinogenic effects is currently unexplored. Recent studies have identified specific downregulation of p27 in human squamous cell carcinoma, in contrast to adenocarcinoma. Additionally, exposure to NNK significantly suppresses p27 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. Subsequent studies indicates that the downregulation of p27 is pivotal in NNK-induced cell transformation. Mechanistic investigations have shown that reduced p27 expression leads to increased level of ITCH, which facilitates the degradation of Jun B protein. This degradation in turn, augments miR-494 expression and its direct regulation of JAK1 mRNA stability and protein expression, ultimately activating STAT3 and driving cell transformation. In summary, our findings reveal that: (1) the downregulation of p27 increases Jun B expression by upregulating Jun B E3 ligase ITCH, which then boosts miR-494 transcription; (2) Elevated miR-494 directly binds to 3'-UTR of JAK1 mRNA, enhancing its stability and protein expression; and (3) The JAK1/STAT3 pathway is a downstream effector of p27, mediating the oncogenic effect of NNK in lung cancer. These findings provide significant insight into understanding the participation of mechanisms underlying p27 inhibition of NNK induced lung squamous cell carcinogenic effect."
3516,brain tumour,39098980,Development of a scoring system to predict local recurrence in brain metastases following complete resection and observation.,"Postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery to the resection cavity in patients with brain metastases is guideline-recommended therapy. However, Japanese Clinical Oncology Group 0504 study showed that postoperative observation could be a therapeutic option in patients with completed resected brain metastases. We hereby investigated the incidence and risk factors for local recurrence after complete resection without immediate radiotherapy and developed a scoring system for its prediction."
3517,brain tumour,39098857,Clinical characteristics and detection of MYB-QKI fusions in patients with angiocentric glioma.,"Angiocentric glioma (AG), a benign tumor identified within the last two decades, was officially included in the 2007 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, WHO grade I. The tumor is relatively rare, with only approximately 100 cases reported. We aim to complement the characteristics and long-term prognosis of AG, as well as to detect MYB-QKI fusions."
3518,brain tumour,39098847,"CircVPS8 promotes the malignant phenotype and inhibits ferroptosis of glioma stem cells by acting as a scaffold for MKRN1, SOX15 and HNF4A.","Exciting breakthroughs have been achieved in the field of glioblastoma with therapeutic interventions targeting specific ferroptosis targets. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms through which circRNAs regulate the ferroptosis pathway have yet to be fully elucidated. Here we have identified a novel circRNA, circVPS8, which is highly expressed in glioblastoma. Our findings demonstrated that circVPS8 enhances glioma stem cells' viability, proliferation, sphere-forming ability, and stemness. Additionally, it inhibits ferroptosis in GSCs. In vivo, experiments further supported the promotion of glioblastoma growth by circVPS8. Mechanistically, circVPS8 acts as a scaffold, binding to both MKRN1 and SOX15, thus facilitating the ubiquitination of MKRN1 and subsequent degradation of SOX15. Due to competitive binding, the ubiquitination ability of MKRN1 towards HNF4A is reduced, leading to elevated HNF4A expression. Increased HNF4A expression, along with decreased SOX15 expression, synergistically inhibits ferroptosis in glioblastoma. Overall, our study highlights circVPS8 as a promising therapeutic target and provides valuable insights for clinically targeted therapy of glioblastoma."
3519,brain tumour,39098625,Brain macrophage senescence in glioma.,"Gliomas are a diverse group of primary central nervous system neoplasms with no curative therapies available. Brain macrophages comprise microglia in the brain parenchyma, border-associated macrophages in the meningeal-choroid plexus-perivascular space and monocyte-derived macrophages infiltrating the brain. With the great improvement of our recognition of brain macrophages, diverse macrophage populations have been found in the context of glioma, which exhibit functional and phenotypic heterogeneity. We have long thought that brain macrophage senescence is detrimental, manifested by specialized forms of persistent cell cycle arrest and chronic low-grade inflammation. Persistent senescence of macrophages may result in immune dysfunction, potentially contributing to glioma initiation and development. Given the crucial roles played by brain macrophages in glioma, we unravel how brain macrophages undergo reprogramming and their contribution to glioma. We outline general molecular alterations and specific biomarkers in senescent brain macrophages, as well as functional changes (such as metabolism, autophagy, phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and infiltration and recruitment). In addition, recent advances in genetic regulation and mechanisms linked to senescent brain macrophages are discussed. In particular, this review emphasizes the contribution of senescent brain macrophages to glioma, which may drive translational efforts to utilize brain macrophages as a prognostic marker or/and treatment target in glioma. An in-depth comprehending of how brain macrophage senescence functionally influences the tumor microenvironment will be key to our development of innovative therapeutics for glioma."
3520,brain tumour,39098554,Intelligent micelles for on-demand drug delivery targeting extracellular matrix of pancreatic cancer.,"As a key pathological feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC), the dense extracellular matrix(ECM) limits the penetration of chemotherapy drugs and is involved in the formation of immunosuppressive microenvironment. Meanwhile, clinical practice has shown that the treatment strategy for ECM should consider its restriction of tumor cell metastasis, and the need for in-depth chemotherapy without destroying ECM is proposed. STAT3 inhibitors have been reported to regulate tumor microenvironment including interrupt the form of ECM. Therefore, we designed and established a micelle system MP@HA with in vivo targeting and responsive drug release function co-loading gemcitabine monophosphate and STAT3 inhibitor silibinin. The hyaluronic acid on the surface of the micelle can bind specifically to the CD44 molecule on the surface of tumor cells and help micelles accumulate at the tumor site. The nitroimidazole used to modify the polymeric skeleton can make the micellar structure collapse in response to hypoxia reduction conditions in the tumor environment, and release silibinin to widely regulate STAT3 molecules in the PDAC microenvironment. The polymer fragment attached with gemcitabine monophosphate can penetrate deep into PDAC tumors due to its small size and positive charge exposed, achieving deep chemotherapy. This research indicates a promising micelle system meeting complicated demands proposed in PDAC treatment to improve antitumor efficacy."
3521,brain tumour,39098499,Surgically targeted radiation therapy versus stereotactic radiation therapy: A dosimetric comparison for brain metastasis resection cavities.,"Surgically targeted radiation therapy (STaRT) with Cesium-131 seeds embedded in a collagen tile is a promising treatment for recurrent brain metastasis. In this study, the biological effective doses (BED) for normal and target tissues from STaRT plans were compared with those of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) modalities."
3522,brain tumour,39098486,Lived Experiences of Pregnant Women With Cancer in South Korea: A Qualitative Study.,"The incidence of cancer during pregnancy is increasing, presenting several challenges to the treatment of cancer in pregnant women. However, research focusing on the lived experiences of pregnant women with cancer in South Korea is limited. This study aimed to explore and describe the day-to-day lived experiences of women diagnosed with or treated for cancer during pregnancy and their husbands."
3523,brain tumour,39098111,Therapeutic Effects of Exosomal miRNA-4731-5p from Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells on Human Glioblastoma Cells.,Several microRNAs (miRNAs) are differentially expressed and serve as tumor suppressors in glioblastoma (GBM). The present study aimed to elucidate the function of exosomal microRNA-4731-5p (miR-4731-5p) from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) in the activity of human GBM cell lines.
3524,brain tumour,39097918,Deciphering the neuroprotective mechanisms of RACK1 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: Pioneering insights into mitochondrial autophagy and the PINK1/Parkin axis.,"Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a common and debilitating complication of cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke, characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms behind these processes is essential for developing effective CIRI treatments. This study investigates the role of RACK1 (receptor for activated C kinase 1) in CIRI and its impact on mitochondrial autophagy."
3525,brain tumour,39097777,Enhancing Prognostication and Treatment Response Evaluation in Primary CNS Lymphoma with 18F-FDG PET/CT.,The role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) in the prognostication and response evaluation of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) remains inadequately defined.
3526,brain tumour,39097525,Microtubule-associated NAV3 regulates invasive phenotypes in glioblastoma cells.,"Glioblastomas are aggressive brain tumors for which effective therapy is still lacking, resulting in dismal survival rates. These tumors display significant phenotypic plasticity, harboring diverse cell populations ranging from tumor core cells to dispersed, highly invasive cells. Neuron navigator 3 (NAV3), a microtubule-associated protein affecting microtubule growth and dynamics, is downregulated in various cancers, including glioblastoma, and has thus been considered a tumor suppressor. In this study, we challenge this designation and unveil distinct expression patterns of NAV3 across different invasion phenotypes. Using glioblastoma cell lines and patient-derived glioma stem-like cell cultures, we disclose an upregulation of NAV3 in invading glioblastoma cells, contrasting with its lower expression in cells residing in tumor spheroid cores. Furthermore, we establish an association between low and high NAV3 expression and the amoeboid and mesenchymal invasive phenotype, respectively, and demonstrate that overexpression of NAV3 directly stimulates glioblastoma invasive behavior in both 2D and 3D environments. Consistently, we observed increased NAV3 expression in cells migrating along blood vessels in mouse xenografts. Overall, our results shed light on the role of NAV3 in glioblastoma invasion, providing insights into this lethal aspect of glioblastoma behavior."
3527,brain tumour,39097502,"[Translation into French and republication of: ""Cancer-related arterial thromboembolic events""].","Cancer is associated with a hypercoagulable state and is a well-known independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism, whereas the association between cancer and arterial thromboembolism is less well established. Arterial thromboembolism, primarily defined as myocardial infarction or stroke is significantly more frequent in patients with cancer, independently of vascular risk factors and associated with a three-fold increase in the risk of mortality. Patients with brain cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer have the highest relative risk of developing arterial thromboembolism. Antithrombotic treatments should be used with caution due to the increased risk of haemorrhage, as specified in current practice guidelines."
3528,brain tumour,39097248,Treatment of melanoma brain metastases with radiation and immunotherapy or targeted therapy: A systematic review with meta-analysis.,Patients with melanoma brain metastases are now frequently treated with immunotherapy (IMT) or targeted therapy (TT). The aim of this systematic review was to determine relative survival outcomes after combining radiotherapy (RT) with IMT or TT.
3529,brain tumour,39097247,Current mRNA-based vaccine strategies for glioma treatment.,"Gliomas are one of the most aggressive types of brain tumors and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Currently, conventional treatments for gliomas such as surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have limited effectiveness, and new approaches are needed to improve patient outcomes. mRNA-based vaccines represent a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment, including gliomas. Recent advances in immunotherapy using mRNA-based dendritic cell vaccines have shown great potential in preclinical and clinical trials. Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells that play a crucial role in initiating and regulating immune responses. In this review, we summarize the current progress of mRNA-based vaccines for gliomas, with a focus on recent advances in dendritic cell-based mRNA vaccines. We also discuss the feasibility and safety of mRNA-based clinical applications for gliomas."
3530,brain tumour,39097233,Tumor necrosis factor alpha induces NOX2-dependent reactive oxygen species production in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons following angiotensin II infusion.,"There is evidence that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) influences autonomic processes coordinated within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), however, the signaling mechanisms subserving TNFα's actions in this brain area are unclear. In non-neuronal cell types, TNFα has been shown to play an important role in canonical NADPH oxidase (NOX2)-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), molecules also known to be critically involved in hypertension. However, little is known about the role of TNFα in NOX2-dependent ROS production in the PVN within the context of hypertension. Using dual labeling immunoelectron microscopy and dihydroethidium (DHE) microfluorography, we provide structural and functional evidence for interactions between TNFα and NOX2 in the PVN. The TNFα type 1 receptor (TNFR1), the major mediator of TNFα signaling in the PVN, was commonly co-localized with the catalytic gp91"
3531,brain tumour,39097182,Clinical and radiological response of Maffucci related enchondromas to mutant IDH1 inhibitor Ivosidenib.,"Ollier Disease (OD) and Maffucci syndrome (MS) is a rare bone disorder that affects the growth and development of the bones, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 100,000 people. It is associated with somatic mosaicism of isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) or 2 (IDH2) pathogenic variants. Ivosidenib is indicated for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia and locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma and is currently investigated in low-grade glioma with a susceptible isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) pathogenic variant, but its effects in patients with OD or MS are unknown. We here report the first case of a patient with MS who was treated with Ivosidenib for recurrent IDH-1 mutated glioma. Besides the stabilization of the tumor size, the patient observed significant improvement in his enchondromas that became stiffer, with reduced pain, and significant modification of the mineralization of the enchondromas observed on X-rays. This first case report provides hope for the medical management of patients suffering because of OD or MS. Future clinical research is urgently needed to evaluate long-term benefit risk profile of IDH inhibitors in these rare diseases."
3532,brain tumour,39097087,Circulating Brain Injury Biomarkers for Predicting Outcomes Following Elective Neurosurgery: A Scoping Review.,There is a need for refined methods to detect and quantify brain injuries that may be undetectable by magnetic resonance imaging and neurologic examination. This review evaluates the potential efficacy of circulating brain injury biomarkers for predicting outcomes following elective neurosurgical procedures.
3533,brain tumour,39096893,Nomogram for predicting survival after first-line anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy in unresectable stage IV melanoma: a multicenter international study.,"The introduction of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape for melanoma, enhancing both response rates and survival outcomes in patients with advanced stages of the disease. Despite these remarkable advances, a noteworthy subset of patients (40%-60%) does not derive advantage from this therapeutic approach. This study aims to identify key predictive factors and create a user-friendly predictive nomogram for stage IV melanoma patients receiving first-line anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy, improving treatment decisions."
3534,brain tumour,39096609,Random effects during training: Implications for deep learning-based medical image segmentation.,A single learning algorithm can produce deep learning-based image segmentation models that vary in performance purely due to random effects during training. This study assessed the effect of these random performance fluctuations on the reliability of standard methods of comparing segmentation models.
3535,brain tumour,39096531,Evaluating the protective effect of dapsone on experimental osteoarthritis models induced by MIA in male rats.,"Osteoarthritis, a degenerative condition that results in significant morbidity, is typically managed with treatments aimed at symptom relief rather than addressing the underlying degeneration. Dapsone, recognized for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiexcitotoxic, and antiapoptotic properties, has demonstrated promising effects in various neurodegenerative diseases. This study explores the potential of dapsone to mitigate articular destruction, inflammation, and pain in rat models of osteoarthritis."
3536,brain tumour,39096123,Cardiovascular mortality in people with cancer compared to the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of non-cancer death in cancer survivors, but the risk of CVD varies between cancers."
3537,brain tumour,39096122,Potentially functional variants of ERRFI1 in hypoxia-related genes predict survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients.,"Hypoxia is often involved in tumor microenvironment, and the hypoxia-induced signaling pathways play a key role in aggressive cancer phenotypes, including angiogenesis, immune evasion, and therapy resistance. However, it is unknown what role genetic variants in the hypoxia-related genes play in survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."
3538,brain tumour,39095855,Evaluation of the prognosis in patients with small-cell lung cancer treated by chemotherapy using tumor shrinkage rate-based radiomics.,"Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. However, the prognostic value of the tumor shrinkage rate (TSR) after chemotherapy for SCLC is still unknown."
3539,brain tumour,39095756,The indication of palliative whole-brain radiotherapy for patients with brain metastases: a simple prognostic scoring system in the era of stereotactic radiosurgery.,"Stereotactic irradiation has become the mainstay treatment for brain metastases (BM), and whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is often used for symptom palliation. However, the survival time of patients with BM undergoing palliative WBRT (pWBRT) is limited, making it difficult to select patients who should receive treatment."
3540,brain tumour,39095594,Targeting axonal guidance dependencies in glioblastoma with ROBO1 CAR T cells.,"Resistance to genotoxic therapies and tumor recurrence are hallmarks of glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive brain tumor. In this study, we investigated functional drivers of post-treatment recurrent GBM through integrative genomic analyses, genome-wide genetic perturbation screens in patient-derived GBM models and independent lines of validation. Specific genetic dependencies were found consistent across recurrent tumor models, accompanied by increased mutational burden and differential transcript and protein expression compared to its primary GBM predecessor. Our observations suggest a multi-layered genetic response to drive tumor recurrence and implicate PTP4A2 (protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A2) as a modulator of self-renewal, proliferation and tumorigenicity in recurrent GBM. Genetic perturbation or small-molecule inhibition of PTP4A2 acts through a dephosphorylation axis with roundabout guidance receptor 1 (ROBO1) and its downstream molecular players, exploiting a functional dependency on ROBO signaling. Because a pan-PTP4A inhibitor was limited by poor penetrance across the blood-brain barrier in vivo, we engineered a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy against ROBO1, a cell surface receptor enriched across recurrent GBM specimens. A single dose of ROBO1-targeted CAR T cells doubled median survival in cell-line-derived xenograft (CDX) models of recurrent GBM. Moreover, in CDX models of adult lung-to-brain metastases and pediatric relapsed medulloblastoma, ROBO1 CAR T cells eradicated tumors in 50-100% of mice. Our study identifies a promising multi-targetable PTP4A-ROBO1 signaling axis that drives tumorigenicity in recurrent GBM, with potential in other malignant brain tumors."
3541,brain tumour,39095557,Identification and validation of miRNA-target genes network in pediatric brain tumors.,"Alterations in miRNA levels have been observed in various types of cancer, impacting numerous cellular processes and increasing their potential usefulness in combination therapies also in brain tumors. Recent advances in understanding the genetics and epigenetics of brain tumours point to new aberrations and associations, making it essential to continually update knowledge and classification. Here we conducted molecular analysis of 123 samples of childhood brain tumors (pilocytic astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, ependymoma), focusing on identification of genes that could potentially be regulated by crucial representatives of OncomiR-1: miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p. On the basis of microarray gene expression analysis and qRTPCR profiling, we selected six (WEE1, CCND1, VEGFA, PTPRO, TP53INP1, BCL2L11) the most promising target genes for further experiments. The WEE1, CCND1, PTPRO, TP53INP1 genes showed increased expression levels in all tested entities with the lowest increase in the pilocytic astrocytoma compared to the ependymoma and medulloblastoma. The obtained results indicate a correlation between gene expression and the WHO grade and subtype. Furthermore, our analysis showed that the integration between genomic and epigenetic pathways should now point the way to further molecular research."
3542,brain tumour,39095224,Radiotherapy for central neurocytoma: A multicentric retrospective study in France.,"Neurocytomas represent 0.25 to 0.5% of primary brain tumours and are mainly found in young adults. These tumours have neuronal differentiation. The cornerstone treatment is neurosurgery. The efficacy of other therapies, including radiotherapy, is still unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the management of central neurocytomas and the role of radiotherapy."
3543,brain tumour,39094939,Neurosurgical Implications of Targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2α in Hemangioblastomas with Belzutifan.,To highlight the neurosurgical implications of the hypoxia-inducible factor-2α- targeting agent belzutifan in the management of both von-Hippel Lindau (VHL)-associated and sporadic hemangioblastomas (HBLs).
3544,brain tumour,39094936,Association Between Postoperative Decrease of Albumin and Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy for Brain Tumors.,"Serum albumin reflects nutritional status and is associated with postoperative complications and mortality. Delta albumin (ΔAlb), defined as the difference between preoperative and lowest postoperative levels, could predict complications and mortality, even with postoperative levels above 30 g/L prompting albumin infusions. This study aimed to assess how ΔAlb relates to outcomes in craniotomy patients with brain tumors."
3545,brain tumour,39094856,Research on the shared function of central neurons and breast cancer based on gene expression profile data mining: The role of EMID1 protein antibody expression.,"In recent years, the incidence of breast cancer has gradually increased, and the research on it has become a hot spot in the scientific community. Central neurons play an important role in breast cancer. This study aims to explore the application of gene expression profile data mining in the study of shared function between central neurons and breast cancer, and focuses on the expression of EMID1 protein antibody. The study collected biomedical images and gene expression profile data of breast cancer patients. Then, we use image processing and analysis technology to extract and analyze features of biomedical images to obtain quantitative features of breast cancer. Gene expression profile data were preprocessed and analyzed to obtain information about breast cancer related genes. Integrating and fusing biomedical images and gene expression profile data, and exploring the sharing function between central neurons and breast cancer through data mining algorithms and statistical analysis methods. The results showed that the expression of EMID1 protein was high in breast cancer tissues, and the expression pattern was similar to that of central neurons. Further functional studies have shown that EMID1 protein is involved in the regulation of proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. By regulating the expression level of EMID1 protein, we observed that the proliferation and invasion ability of breast cancer cells were significantly affected. The research results show that through the comprehensive analysis of biomedical images and gene expression profile data, we found the sharing function between central neurons and breast cancer. The central neuronal cell marker genes EMID1 and GREB1L may be used as key biomarkers to regulate the pathogenesis of breast cancer and affect the occurrence and development of breast cancer."
3546,brain tumour,39094781,Pediatric abscessed craniopharyngioma: A case report and review of literature.,Craniopharyngiomas are rare sellar and suprasellar tumors affecting children and adults. The spontaneous abscessation of this lesion is an extremely rare occurrence with a total of 10 cases reported in the literature including 2 cases in the pediatric population.
3547,brain tumour,39094671,"1,25-D3 ameliorates ischemic brain injury by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress and ferroptosis: Involvement of vitamin D receptor and p53 signaling.","Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and ferroptosis are linked to cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI). The neuroprotective properties of 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VitD3 or 1,25-D3) have been well established; however, the mechanism by which VitD3 treats CIRI through ERS and ferroptosis has not been examined. Hence, we developed middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model in SD rats to ascertain if VitD3 preconditioning mediates ERS and ferroptosis involving of p53 signaling. In this study, we observed that VitD3 can reduce infarction volume and cerebral edema, which leads to the improvement of nerve function. HE, Nissl and Tunel staining showed that VitD3 treatment significantly improved the morphology of neuronal cells and reduced their death. The expression and activation of Vitamin D receptor (VDR), PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), p53, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ischemic penumbral area were detected by real-time qPCR, Western-blotting and Elisa. The results showed that after VitD3 treatment, VDR increased, ERS-related indices (PERK, CHOP) significantly decreased and ferroptosis-related indices (Nrf2, GPX4) increased. As a VDRs antagonist, pyridoxal-5-phosphate (P5P) can partially block the neuroprotective effects of VitD3. Therefore, CIRI can induce ERS and ferroptosis in the ischemic penumbra area and VitD3 may ameliorate nerve damage in CIRI rats by up-regulating VDR, alleviating p53-associated ERS and ferroptosis."
3548,brain tumour,39094608,Technical note: MR image-based synthesis CT for CyberKnife robotic stereotactic radiosurgery.,"The purpose of this study is to investigate whether deep learning-based sCT images enable accurate dose calculation in CK robotic stereotactic radiosurgery. A U-net convolutional neural network was trained using 2446 MR-CT pairs and used it to translate 551 MR images to sCT images for testing. The sCT of CK patient was encapsulated into a quality assurance (QA) validation phantom for dose verification. The CT value difference between CT and sCT was evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE) and the statistical significance of dose differences between CT and sCT was tested using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. For all CK patients, the MAE value of the whole brain region did not exceed 25 HU. The percentage dose difference between CT and sCT was less than ±0.4% on GTV (D"
3549,brain tumour,39094400,Metformin ameliorates neuroinflammatory environment for neurons and astrocytes during in vitro and in vivo stroke and tobacco smoke chemical exposure: Role of Nrf2 activation.,"Despite the protective nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and brain-protecting tissues, some types of CNS injury or stress can cause cerebral cytokine production and profound alterations in brain function. Neuroinflammation, which can also be accompanied by increased cerebral cytokine production, has a remarkable impact on the pathogenesis of many neurological illnesses, including loss of BBB integrity and ischemic stroke, yet effective treatment choices for these diseases are currently lacking. Although little is known about the brain effects of Metformin (MF), a commonly prescribed first-line antidiabetic drug, prior research suggested that it may be useful in preventing BBB deterioration and the increased risk of stroke caused by tobacco smoking (TS). Therefore, reducing neuroinflammation by escalating anti-inflammatory cytokine production and declining pro-inflammatory cytokine production could prove an effective therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Hence, the current investigation was planned to explore the potential role of MF against stroke and TS-induced neuroinflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Our studies revealed that MF suppressed releasing pro-inflammatory mediators like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by aiming at the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in primary neurons and astrocytes. MF also upregulated anti-inflammatory mediators, like interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interleukin-4 (IL-4), by upregulating the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. Adolescent mice receiving MF along with TS exposure also showed a notable decrease in NF-κB expression compared to the mice not treated with MF and significantly decreased the level of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, and MIP-2 and increased the levels of IL-10 and IL-4 through the activation of Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. These results suggest that MF has anti-neuroinflammatory effects via inhibiting NF-κB signaling by activating Nrf2-ARE. These studies support that MF could be a strong candidate drug for treating and or preventing TS-induced neuroinflammation and ischemic stroke."
3550,brain tumour,39094325,Deep learning for rapid virtual H&E staining of label-free glioma tissue from hyperspectral images.,"Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is a crucial technique for diagnosing glioma, allowing direct observation of tissue structures. However, the H&E staining workflow necessitates intricate processing, specialized laboratory infrastructures, and specialist pathologists, rendering it expensive, labor-intensive, and time-consuming. In view of these considerations, we combine the deep learning method and hyperspectral imaging technique, aiming at accurately and rapidly converting the hyperspectral images into virtual H&E staining images. The method overcomes the limitations of H&E staining by capturing tissue information at different wavelengths, providing comprehensive and detailed tissue composition information as the realistic H&E staining. In comparison with various generator structures, the Unet exhibits substantial overall advantages, as evidenced by a mean structure similarity index measure (SSIM) of 0.7731 and a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 23.3120, as well as the shortest training and inference time. A comprehensive software system for virtual H&E staining, which integrates CCD control, microscope control, and virtual H&E staining technology, is developed to facilitate fast intraoperative imaging, promote disease diagnosis, and accelerate the development of medical automation. The platform reconstructs large-scale virtual H&E staining images of gliomas at a high speed of 3.81 mm"
3551,brain tumour,39094210,Photothermal induction of pyroptosis in malignant glioma spheroids using (16-mercaptohexadecyl)trimethylammonium bromide-modified cationic gold nanorods.,"Plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) employing plasmonic gold nanorods (GNRs) presents a potent strategy for eradication of tumors including aggressive brain gliomas. Despite its promise, there is a pressing need for a more comprehensive evaluation of PPTT using sophisticated in vitro models that closely resemble tumor tissues, thereby facilitating the elucidation of therapeutic mechanisms. In this study, we exposed 3D glioma spheroids (tumoroids) to (16-mercaptohexadecyl)trimethylammonium bromide-functionalized gold nanorods (MTAB-GNRs) and a near-infrared (NIR) laser. We demonstrate that the photothermal effect can be fine-tuned by adjusting the nanoparticle concentration and laser power. Depending on the selected parameters, the laser can trigger either regulated or non-regulated cell death (necrosis) in both mouse GL261 and human U-87 MG glioma cell lines, accompanied by translocation of phosphatidylserine in the membrane. Our investigation into the mechanism of regulated cell death induced by PPTT revealed an absence of markers associated with classical apoptosis pathways, such as cleaved caspase 3. Instead, we observed the presence of cleaved caspase 1, gasdermin D, and elevated levels of NLRP3 in NIR-irradiated tumoroids, indicating the activation of pyroptosis. This finding correlates with previous observations of lysosomal accumulation of MTAB-GNRs and the known lysosomal pathway of pyroptosis activation. We further confirmed the absence of toxic breakdown products of GNRs using electron microscopy, which showed no melting or fragmentation of gold nanoparticles under the conditions causing regulated cell death. In conclusion, PPTT using coated gold nanorods offers significant potential for glioma cell elimination occurring through the activation of pyroptosis rather than classical apoptosis pathways."
3552,brain tumour,39094194,Letter to the Editor. MEP mapping and monitoring in perirolandic gliomas.,No abstract found
3553,brain tumour,39094075,Ultrahigh-Resolution Visualization of Vascular Heterogeneity in Brain Tumors via Magnetic Nanoparticles-Enhanced Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging.,"The precise assessment of vascular heterogeneity in brain tumors is vital for diagnosing, grading, predicting progression, and guiding treatment decisions. However, currently, there is a significant shortage of high-resolution imaging approaches. Herein, we propose a contrast-enhanced susceptibility-weighted imaging (CE-SWI) utilizing the minimalist dextran-modified Fe"
3554,brain tumour,39093942,Dual targeting of histone deacetylases and MYC as potential treatment strategy for H3-K27M pediatric gliomas.,"Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are aggressive and fatal pediatric tumors of the central nervous system that are highly resistant to treatments. Lysine to methionine substitution of residue 27 on histone H3 (H3-K27M) is a driver mutation in DMGs, reshaping the epigenetic landscape of these cells to promote tumorigenesis. H3-K27M gliomas are characterized by deregulation of histone acetylation and methylation pathways, as well as the oncogenic MYC pathway. In search of effective treatment, we examined the therapeutic potential of dual targeting of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and MYC in these tumors. Treatment of H3-K27M patient-derived cells with Sulfopin, an inhibitor shown to block MYC-driven tumors in vivo, in combination with the HDAC inhibitor Vorinostat, resulted in substantial decrease in cell viability. Moreover, transcriptome and epigenome profiling revealed synergistic effect of this drug combination in downregulation of prominent oncogenic pathways such as mTOR. Finally, in vivo studies of patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models showed significant tumor growth reduction in mice treated with the drug combination. These results highlight the combined treatment with PIN1 and HDAC inhibitors as a promising therapeutic approach for these aggressive tumors."
3555,brain tumour,39093928,Tele-Assisted Home-Based Palliative Care Reduces Health Care Costs for Terminal Cancer Patients: Real-World Evidence From a Regional Hospital in Taiwan.,
3556,brain tumour,39093775,Elevated cerebrospinal fluid galectin-3 and associated cytokines after severe traumatic brain injury in patients.,"This study aimed to investigate the galectin-3 and associated cytokines levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) patients. Temporal CSF expression of galectin-3 and associated cytokines levels in sTBI patients within 1-week post-injury were studied using the multiplex bead array. STBI patient group was stratified using the Modified Rankin Score (mRS) into 3 groups: mRS 6 (died), mRS 5 (severely disabled) and mRS 1-4 (mild-to-moderately disabled) group. Analysis for bead array data using Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc Dunn's multiple comparisons test, and temporal changes and correlation analysis using Spearman's correlation were carried out. At day 1 post-injury, CSF galectin-3 and interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), cysteine-cysteine motif chemokine ligand-2 (CCL-2), and cysteine-cysteine motif chemokine ligand-20 (CCL-20), but not interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) levels were significantly elevated in mRS 5 group compared to non-TBI controls. Temporal correlation analysis at 1-7 days showed decreased IL-10 level in the mRS 6 group, decreased IL-10 and CCL-2 levels in mRS 5 group, and decreased IL-6, CCL-2, and CCL-20 levels in the mRS 1-4 group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed a significant area under the curve for comparison between mRS 6 and mRS 5 groups for galectin-3 and IL-6. No significant differences in sex, age, Glasgow Coma Scale score, C-reactive protein levels and types of TBI-induced hemorrhages were observed between the groups. CSF galectin-3 and associated cytokines, especially IL-6, CCL-2 and CCL-20 levels were different within sub-groups of sTBI patients, suggesting their potential use in sTBI prognostics."
3557,brain tumour,39093669,Generative Adversarial Network for Trimodal Medical Image Fusion Using Primitive Relationship Reasoning.,"Medical image fusion has become a hot biomedical image processing technology in recent years. The technology coalesces useful information from different modal medical images onto an informative single fused image to provide reasonable and effective medical assistance. Currently, research has mainly focused on dual-modal medical image fusion, and little attention has been paid on trimodal medical image fusion, which has greater application requirements and clinical significance. For this, the study proposes an end-to-end generative adversarial network for trimodal medical image fusion. Utilizing a multi-scale squeeze and excitation reasoning attention network, the proposed method generates an energy map for each source image, facilitating efficient trimodal medical image fusion under the guidance of an energy ratio fusion strategy. To obtain the global semantic information, we introduced squeeze and excitation reasoning attention blocks and enhanced the global feature by primitive relationship reasoning. Through extensive fusion experiments, we demonstrate that our method yields superior visual results and objective evaluation metric scores compared to state-of-the-art fusion methods. Furthermore, the proposed method also obtained the best accuracy in the glioma segmentation experiment."
3558,brain tumour,39093628,Postzygotic mosaicism of SMARCB1 variants in patients with rhabdoid tumors: A not-so-rare condition exposing to successive tumors.,"Rhabdoid tumors (RT) are aggressive, rare tumors predominantly affecting young children, characterized by biallelic SMARCB1 gene inactivation. While most SMARCB1 alterations are acquired de novo, a third of cases exhibit germline alterations, defining Rhabdoid Tumors Predisposition Syndrome. With the increased sensitivity of next-generation sequencing (NGS), mosaicisms in genes linked to genetic diseases are more detectable. This study focuses on exploring SMARCB1 germline alterations, notably mosaicism in blood samples of children with RT and in parents, using a custom NGS panel."
3559,brain tumour,39093532,Association of hospital volume with survival but not with postoperative mortality in glioblastoma patients in Belgium.,"Standard of care treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) involves surgical resection followed by chemoradiotherapy. However, variations in treatment decisions and outcomes exist across hospitals and physicians. In Belgium, where oncological care is dispersed, the impact of hospital volume on GBM outcomes remains unexplored. This nationwide study aims to analyse interhospital variability in 30-day postoperative mortality and 1-/2-year survival for GBM patients."
3560,brain tumour,39093499,Modality redundancy for MRI-based glioblastoma segmentation.,"Automated glioblastoma segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging is generally performed on a four-modality input, including T1, contrast T1, T2 and FLAIR. We hypothesize that information redundancy is present within these image combinations, which can possibly reduce a model's performance. Moreover, for clinical applications, the risk of encountering missing data rises as the number of required input modalities increases. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relevance and influence of the different modalities used for MRI-based glioblastoma segmentation."
3561,brain tumour,39093498,Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency: a case on a commonly misinterpreted mutation in colon cancer.,"It is estimated that 153,020 cases of CRC per year, with an increase in diagnoses in younger patients. We present a case of a female with an early presentation of Lynch Syndrome and CRC, who, on her third malignant presentation, was re-diagnosed as a constitutional mismatch repair deficiency."
3562,brain tumour,39093426,"Supra-tentorial Ependymomas with ZFTA Fusion, YAP1 Fusion, and Astroblastomas, MN1-altered: Characteristic Imaging Features.","Supratentorial (ST) ependymoma subgroups are defined by two different fusions with different prognoses. Astroblastomas, MN1-altered, have ependymal-like histopathologic features and represent a differential diagnosis in children. We hypothesized that ZFTA-fused ependymoma and YAP1-fused ependymoma on the one hand, and astroblastoma, MN1-altered, on the other hand, show different MRI characteristics."
3563,brain tumour,39093370,Proper application of anticoagulation therapy on cancer-associated venous thrombosis.,"Cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) significantly impacts morbidity and mortality. The introduction of direct oral anticoagulants over the past decade has revolutionized VTE treatment in patients with active cancer, offering potential advantages over traditional therapies. However, uncertainties persist regarding the optimal selection and dosage of anticoagulants, particularly in patients with specific risk factors for bleeding, such as certain cancer types (e.g., upper gastrointestinal cancer, genitourinary cancer, primary or metastatic brain tumor, and hematologic malignancies) and specific patient characteristics (e.g., renal dysfunction and thrombocytopenia). Recent data on the thrombotic risk associated with low thrombotic burden VTE, such as subsegmental pulmonary embolism and isolated distal deep vein thrombosis, underscore the need for updated management strategies in daily clinical practice. This review aims to explore these issues and highlight the evolving landscape of cancer-associated VTE management."
3564,brain tumour,39093339,Descriptive epidemiology of 399 histologically confirmed newly diagnosed meningeal solitary fibrous tumours and haemangiopericytomas in France: 2006-2015.,"Meningeal solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) and haemangiopericytoma (HPC) are uncommon tumours that have been merged into a single entity in the last 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. To describe the epidemiology of SFT/HPC operated in France and, to assess their incidence."
3565,brain tumour,39093245,Development of a Clinical Risk Score to Risk Stratify for a Serious Cause of Vertigo in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department.,Identify high-risk clinical characteristics for a serious cause of vertigo in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED).
3566,brain tumour,39092730,Crocetin Enhances Temozolomide Efficacy in Glioblastoma Therapy Through Multiple Pathway Suppression.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive type of brain tumor that is difficult to remove surgically. Research suggests that substances from saffron, namely crocetin and crocin, could be effective natural treatments, showing abilities to kill cancer cells."
3567,brain tumour,39092676,Systemic Brain Delivery of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Enhanced by Protein Corona-Assisted DNA Cubes.,"The systemic delivery of oligonucleotide therapeutics to the brain is challenging but highly desirable for the treatment of brain diseases undruggable with traditional small-molecule drugs. In this study, a set of DNA nanostructures is prepared and screened them to develop a protein corona-assisted platform for the brain delivery of oligonucleotide therapeutics. The biodistribution analysis of intravenously injected DNA nanostructures reveals that a cube-shaped DNA nanostructure (D-Cb) can penetrate the brain-blood barrier (BBB) and reach the brain tissue. The brain distribution level of D-Cb is comparable to that of other previous nanoparticles conjugated with brain-targeting ligands. Proteomic analysis of the protein corona formed on D-Cb suggests that its brain distribution is driven by endothelial receptor-targeting ligands in the protein corona, which mediate transcytosis for crossing the BBB. D-Cb is subsequently used to deliver an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in mice. While free ASO is unable to reach the brain, ASO loaded onto D-Cb is delivered efficiently to the brain tumor region, where it downregulates the target gene and exerts an anti-tumor effect on GBM. D-Cb is expected to serve as a viable platform based on protein corona formation for systemic brain delivery of oligonucleotide therapeutics."
3568,brain tumour,39092253,Integrated network pharmacology and experimental verification to reveal the role of Shezhi Huangling Decoction against glioma by inactivating PI3K/Akt-HIF1A axis.,"Shezhi Huangling Decoction (SHD) has been proven clinically effective in regulating metabolic and immune homeostasis in the treatment of glioma. The investigation aimed to deconstruct the active constituents and mechanisms of SHD. Effects of SHD on malignant characteristics of HS683 and KNS89 cells have been investigated by CCK-8, clone formation, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays. A mouse xenograft model was established to assess the effect of SHD or SHD + temozolomide (TMZ) "
3569,brain tumour,39092028,Effect of Gegen Qinlian Decoction combined with dietary management on patients with damp-heat Type-2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome.,To explore the effect of Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD) combined with dietary management in the treatment of patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) (T2DM MetS).
3570,brain tumour,39091923,A fine-tuned vision transformer based enhanced multi-class brain tumor classification using MRI scan imagery.,"Brain tumors occur due to the expansion of abnormal cell tissues and can be malignant (cancerous) or benign (not cancerous). Numerous factors such as the position, size, and progression rate are considered while detecting and diagnosing brain tumors. Detecting brain tumors in their initial phases is vital for diagnosis where MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans play an important role. Over the years, deep learning models have been extensively used for medical image processing. The current study primarily investigates the novel Fine-Tuned Vision Transformer models (FTVTs)-FTVT-b16, FTVT-b32, FTVT-l16, FTVT-l32-for brain tumor classification, while also comparing them with other established deep learning models such as ResNet50, MobileNet-V2, and EfficientNet - B0. A dataset with 7,023 images (MRI scans) categorized into four different classes, namely, glioma, meningioma, pituitary, and no tumor are used for classification. Further, the study presents a comparative analysis of these models including their accuracies and other evaluation metrics including recall, precision, and F1-score across each class. The deep learning models ResNet-50, EfficientNet-B0, and MobileNet-V2 obtained an accuracy of 96.5%, 95.1%, and 94.9%, respectively. Among all the FTVT models, FTVT-l16 model achieved a remarkable accuracy of 98.70% whereas other FTVT models FTVT-b16, FTVT-b32, and FTVT-132 achieved an accuracy of 98.09%, 96.87%, 98.62%, respectively, hence proving the efficacy and robustness of FTVT's in medical image processing."
3571,brain tumour,39091877,Glioblastoma Neurovascular Progenitor Orchestrates Tumor Cell Type Diversity.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest form of primary brain tumor with limited treatment options. Recent studies have profiled GBM tumor heterogeneity, revealing numerous axes of variation that explain the molecular and spatial features of the tumor. Here, we seek to bridge descriptive characterization of GBM cell type heterogeneity with the functional role of individual populations within the tumor. Our lens leverages a gene program-centric meta-atlas of published transcriptomic studies to identify commonalities between diverse tumors and cell types in order to decipher the mechanisms that drive them. This approach led to the discovery of a tumor-derived stem cell population with mixed vascular and neural stem cell features, termed a neurovascular progenitor (NVP). Following "
3572,brain tumour,39091833,γ-aminobutyric acid receptor B signaling drives glioblastoma in females in an immune-dependent manner.,"Sex differences in immune responses impact cancer outcomes and treatment response, including in glioblastoma (GBM). However, host factors underlying sex specific immune-cancer interactions are poorly understood. Here, we identify the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a driver of GBM-promoting immune response in females. We demonstrated that GABA receptor B (GABBR) signaling enhances L-Arginine metabolism and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) expression in female granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (gMDSCs). GABBR agonist and GABA analog promoted GBM growth in females in an immune-dependent manner, while GABBR inhibition reduces gMDSC NOS2 production and extends survival only in females. Furthermore, female GBM patients have enriched GABA transcriptional signatures compared to males, and the use of GABA analogs in GBM patients is associated with worse short-term outcomes only in females. Collectively, these results highlight that GABA modulates anti-tumor immune response in a sex-specific manner, supporting future assessment of GABA pathway inhibitors as part of immunotherapy approaches."
3573,brain tumour,39091552,Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: a case report.,"Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare vascular tumor with limited clinical data that can guide treatment choices. The diagnosis of EHE is based on its unique histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular characteristics. Differential diagnoses are broad and include autoimmune diseases. Treatments include hepatic resection, liver transplantation, systemic/regional chemotherapy, and radiotherapy."
3574,brain tumour,39091260,"Stemness, invasion, and immunosuppression modulation in recurrent glioblastoma using nanotherapy.","The recurrent nature of glioblastoma negatively impacts conventional treatment strategies leading to a growing need for nanomedicine. Nanotherapeutics, an approach designed to deliver drugs to specific sites, is experiencing rapid growth and gaining immense popularity. Having potential in reaching the hard-to-reach disease sites, this field has the potential to show high efficacy in combatting glioblastoma progression. The presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) is a major factor behind the poor prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Stemness potential, heterogeneity, and self-renewal capacity, are some of the properties that make GSCs invade across the distant regions of the brain. Despite advances in medical technology and MRI-guided maximal surgical resection, not all GSCs residing in the brain can be removed, leading to recurrent disease. The aggressiveness of GBM is often correlated with immune suppression, where the T-cells are unable to infiltrate the cancer initiating GSCs. Standard of care therapies, including surgery and chemotherapy in combination with radiation therapy, have failed to tackle all the challenges of the GSCs, making it increasingly important for researchers to develop strategies to tackle their growth and proliferation and reduce the recurrence of GBM. Here, we will focus on the advancements in the field of nanomedicine that has the potential to show positive impact in managing glioblastoma tumor microenvironment. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease."
3575,brain tumour,39091152,DNA tetrahedral nanocages as a promising nanocarrier for dopamine delivery in neurological disorders.,"Dopamine is a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system that is essential for many bodily and mental processes, and a lack of it can cause Parkinson's disease. DNA tetrahedral (TD) nanocages are promising in bio-nanotechnology, especially as a nanocarrier. TD is highly programmable, biocompatible, and capable of cell differentiation and proliferation. It also has tissue and blood-brain barrier permeability, making it a powerful tool that could overcome potential barriers in treating neurological disorders. In this study, we used DNA TD as a carrier for dopamine to cells and zebrafish embryos. We investigated the mechanism of complexation between TD and dopamine hydrochloride using gel electrophoresis, fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation tools. Further, we demonstrate that these dopamine-loaded DNA TD nanostructures enhanced cellular uptake and differentiation ability in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Furthermore, we extended the study to zebrafish embryos as a model organism to examine survival and uptake. The research provides valuable insights into the complexation mechanism and cellular uptake of dopamine-loaded DNA tetrahedral nanostructures, paving the way for further advancements in nanomedicine for Parkinson's disease and other neurological disorders."
3576,brain tumour,39090849,A novel TAp73-inhibitory compound counteracts stemness features of glioblastoma stem cells.,"Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and fatal type of primary malignant brain tumor for which effective therapeutics are still lacking. GB stem cells, with tumor-initiating and self-renewal capacity, are mostly responsible for GB malignancy, representing a crucial target for therapies. The TP73 gene, which is highly expressed in GB, gives rise to the TAp73 isoform, a pleiotropic protein that regulates neural stem cell biology; however, its role in cancer has been highly controversial. We inactivated TP73 in human GB stem cells and revealed that TAp73 is required for their stemness potential, acting as a regulator of the transcriptional stemness signatures, highlighting TAp73 as a possible therapeutic target. As proof of concept, we identified a novel natural compound with TAp73-inhibitory capacity, which was highly effective against GB stem cells. The treatment reduced GB stem cell-invasion capacity and stem features, at least in part by TAp73 repression. Our data are consistent with a novel paradigm in which hijacking of p73-regulated neurodevelopmental programs, including neural stemness, might sustain tumor progression, pointing out TAp73 as a therapeutic strategy for GB."
3577,brain tumour,39090797,Intraoperative Neuromonitoring for the Lower-Extremity Region Using Motor-Evoked Potential With Direct Cortical Stimulation in Brain Tumor Surgeries.,"To evaluate the motor function of the lower extremity (LE), we used direct cortical stimulation motor-evoked potential (D-MEP) monitoring with a single six-contact subdural strip electrode placed in the interhemispheric fissure."
3578,brain tumour,39090786,Advances in gene therapy for high-grade glioma: a review of the clinical evidence.,"High-grade glioma (HGG) is one of the most deadly and difficult cancers to treat. Despite intense research efforts, there has not been a significant breakthrough in treatment outcomes since the early 2000's. Anti-glioma gene therapy has demonstrated promise in preclinical studies and is under investigation in numerous clinical trials."
3579,brain tumour,39090564,"Dosimetric comparison of ZAP-X, Gamma Knife, and CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery for single brain metastasis.",To evaluate the dosimetric characteristics of ZAP-X stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for single brain metastasis by comparing with two mature SRS platforms.
3580,brain tumour,39090501,"Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and its protective effects against colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of 26 studies with 2,217,404 participants.","Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health concern and represents a significant public health challenge in Hungary, where it exhibits some of the highest morbidity and mortality rates in the European Union. The Mediterranean diet has been suggested to reduce the incidence of CRC, but comprehensive evidence from diverse study designs is needed to substantiate this effect. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, CENTRAL, and the Web of Science to identify randomized controlled trials and human clinical trials from 2008 to 2024 to identify relevant studies. Statistical analysis was performed using the https://metaanalysisonline.com web application using a random effects model to estimate the pooled hazard rates (HRs). Forest plots, funnel plots, and Z-score plots were utilized to visualize results. We identified 15 clinical trials and 9 case-control studies, encompassing a total of 2,217,404 subjects. The pooled analysis indicated that adherence to the Mediterranean diet significantly reduced the prevalence of CRC (HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.78-0.91, p < 0.01). This protective effect was consistent across sexes, with HRs of 0.85 (95% CI = 0.75-0.97, p = 0.01) for males and 0.88 (95% CI = 0.79-0.99, p = 0.03) for females. Case-control studies specifically showed a substantial effect (HR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.38-0.68, p < 0.01). Notable heterogeneity was observed across studies, yet the a priori information size was substantially below the cumulative sample size, ensuring sufficient data for reliable conclusions. The findings from this meta-analysis reinforce the protective role of the Mediterranean diet against CRC. The results of this meta-analysis will inform dietary interventions designed to mitigate CRC risk, which are conducted within the framework of the Semmelweis Study, an ongoing comprehensive cohort study at Semmelweis University, designed to explore the multifaceted causes of unhealthy aging in Hungary. These interventions aim to explore the practical application of Mediterranean dietary patterns in reducing CRC incidence among the Hungarian population."
3581,brain tumour,39090435,Challenges with segmenting intraoperative ultrasound for brain tumours.,"Objective - Addressing the challenges that come with identifying and delineating brain tumours in intraoperative ultrasound. Our goal is to both qualitatively and quantitatively assess the interobserver variation, amongst experienced neuro-oncological intraoperative ultrasound users (neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists), in detecting and segmenting brain tumours on ultrasound. We then propose that, due to the inherent challenges of this task, annotation by localisation of the entire tumour mass with a bounding box could serve as an ancillary solution to segmentation for clinical training, encompassing margin uncertainty and the curation of large datasets. Methods - 30 ultrasound images of brain lesions in 30 patients were annotated by 4 annotators - 1 neuroradiologist and 3 neurosurgeons. The annotation variation of the 3 neurosurgeons was first measured, and then the annotations of each neurosurgeon were individually compared to the neuroradiologist's, which served as a reference standard as their segmentations were further refined by cross-reference to the preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The following statistical metrics were used: Intersection Over Union (IoU), Sørensen-Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff Distance (HD). These annotations were then converted into bounding boxes for the same evaluation. Results - There was a moderate level of interobserver variance between the neurosurgeons "
3582,brain tumour,39090283,PUM1-TRAF3 fusion protein activates non-canonical NF-κB signaling via rescued NIK in biliary tract cancer.,"Discovery and verification of diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers for biliary tract cancer (BTC) is challenging owing to the low prevalence of the disease. Here, we identified and investigated the clinical impact of a fusion gene, Pumilio1-tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (PUM1-TRAF3), caused by 1;14 chromosomal translocation in BTC. PUM1-TRAF3 was initially identified in the RNA-sequencing of five BTC surgical tissues and confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Expression of the fusion gene was validated in an expanded cohort (5/55, 9.1%). Establishment and molecular assessment of PUM1-TRAF3 expressing BTC cells revealed that PUM1-TRAF3 activates non-canonical NF-κB signaling via NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK). Abnormal TRAF3 activity, driven by competitive binding of PUM1-TRAF3 and TRAF3 to NIK, led to NIK rescue followed by P52/RelB nuclear translocation, all of which were reverted by an NIK inhibitor. The elevated expression of NIK and activated NF-κB signaling was observed in the PUM1-TRAF3-expressing regions of patient tissues. Expression of the PUM1-TRAF3 fusion was significantly correlated with strong NIK expression, which is associated with a poorer prognosis for patients with BTC. Overall, our study identifies a new fusion gene, PUM1-TRAF3, that activates NIK and non-canonical NF-κB signaling, which may be beneficial for developing precise treatment strategies for BTC."
3583,brain tumour,39090168,Comprehensive analysis of the prognostic and immunological signature of TNFAIP8 family genes in human glioma.,"TNFAIP8 family molecules have been recognized for their involvement in the progression of tumors across a range of cancer types. Emerging experimental data suggests a role for certain TNFAIP8 family molecules in the development of glioma. Nonetheless, the comprehensive understanding of the genomic alterations, prognostic significance, and immunological profiles of TNFAIP8 family molecules in glioma remains incomplete. In the study, using the comprehensive bioinformatics tools, we explored the unique functions of 4 TNFAIP8 members including TNFAIP8, TNFAIP8L1, TNFAIP8L2 and TNFAIP8L3 in glioma. The expressions of TNFAIP8, TNFAIP8L1, TNFAIP8L2, and TNFAIP8L3 were notably upregulated in glioma tissues compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, survival analysis indicated that elevated expression levels of TNFAIP8, TNFAIP8L1 and TNFAIP8L2 were correlated with unfavorable outcomes in terms of overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free interval (PFI) among glioma patients. Genetic modifications, such as mutations and copy number alterations, within the TNFAIP8 family exhibited a significant association with extended OS, DSS and PFS in individuals diagnosed with glioma. The findings suggest a noteworthy correlation between TNFAIP8 family members and the age and 1p/19q codeletion status of glioma patients. We also found that there were significant relationships between TNFAIP8 family expression and tumor immunity in glioma. Furthermore, functional annotation of TNFAIP8 family members and their co-expressed genes in gliomas was carried out using GO and KEGG pathway analysis. The GO analysis revealed that the primary biological processes influenced by the TNFAIP8 family co-expressed genes included cell chemotaxis, temperature homeostasis, and endocytic vesicle formation. Additionally, the KEGG analysis demonstrated that TNFAIP8 family co-expressed genes are involved in regulating various pathways such as inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, pathways in cancer, prolactin signaling pathway, and Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis. Overall, the findings suggest that TNFAIP8 family members may play a significant role in the development of glioma and have the potential to serve as prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets for individuals with glioma."
3584,brain tumour,39090107,Triggering of endoplasmic reticulum stress via ATF4-SPHK1 signaling promotes glioblastoma invasion and chemoresistance.,"Despite advances in therapies, glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence is almost inevitable due to the aggressive growth behavior of GBM cells and drug resistance. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the preferred drug for GBM chemotherapy, however, development of TMZ resistance is over 50% cases in GBM patients. To investigate the mechanism of TMZ resistance and invasive characteristics of GBM, analysis of combined RNA-seq and ChIP-seq was performed in GBM cells in response to TMZ treatment. We found that the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 signaling was significantly upregulated in the GBM cells with TMZ treatment, while blockage of ATF4 effectively inhibited cell migration and invasion. SPHK1 expression was transcriptionally upregulated by ATF4 in GBM cells in response to TMZ treatment. Blockage of ATF4-SPHK1 signaling attenuated the cellular and molecular events in terms of invasive characteristics and TMZ resistance. In conclusion, GBM cells acquired chemoresistance in response to TMZ treatment via constant ER stress. ATF4 transcriptionally upregulated SPHK1 expression to promote GBM cell aggression and TMZ resistance. The ATF4-SPHK1 signaling in the regulation of the transcription factors of EMT-related genes could be the underlying mechanism contributing to the invasion ability of GBM cells and TMZ resistance. ATF4-SPHK1-targeted therapy could be a potential strategy against TMZ resistance in GBM patients."
3585,brain tumour,39090090,M6A-methylated circPOLR2B forms an R-loop and regulates the biological behavior of glioma stem cells through positive feedback loops.,"Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor, and targeting glioma stem cells (GSCs) has become a key aspect of glioma treatment. In this study, we discovered a molecular network in which circRNA forms an R-loop structure with its parental gene to regulate the biological behavior of GSCs. Genes with abnormal expression in GSCs were screened using RNA-seq and circRNA microarray analyses. The study results showed that high expression of YTHDC1 in GSCs promoted the transportation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-modified circPOLR2B from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Decreased circPOLR2B levels in the nucleus resulted in fewer R-loop structures formed with its parental gene POLR2B. This reduction in R-loop structures relieved the inhibitory effect on POLR2B transcription and upregulated PBX1 expression through alternative polyadenylation (APA) action, thereby promoting the malignant biological behavior of GSCs. Knockdown of YTHDC1, POLR2B, and PBX1 reduced xenograft tumor volume and prolonged the survival of nude mice. The YTHDC1/circPOLR2B/POLR2B/PBX1 axis plays a regulatory role in the biological behavior of GSCs, offering potential targets and novel strategies for the treatment of glioma."
3586,brain tumour,39090080,TNC upregulation promotes glioma tumourigenesis through TDG-mediated active DNA demethylation.,"Gliomas represent the most predominant primary malignant tumor in central nervous system. Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) is a central component in active DNA demethylation. However, the specific mechanisms of TDG-mediated active DNA demethylation in gliomas remain unclear. This research indicates TDG expression is overexpressed in gliomas and correlated with poor prognosis. TDG knockdown suppressed the malignant phenotype of gliomas both in vitro and vivo. Notably, RNA-seq analysis revealed a strong association between TDG and tenascin-C (TNC). ChIP-qPCR and MeDIP-qPCR assays were undertaken to confirm that TDG participates in TNC active DNA demethylation process, revealing decreased DNA methylation levels and elevated TNC expression as a result. Silencing TNC expression also suppressed the tumor malignant phenotype in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Additionally, simultaneous silencing of TNC reduced or even reversed the glioma promotion caused by TDG overexpression. Based on our findings, we conclude that TDG exerts an indispensable role in TNC active DNA demethylation in gliomas. The DNA demethylation process leads to alternations in TNC methylation levels and promotes its expression, thereby contributing to the development of gliomas. These results suggest a novel epigenetic therapeutic strategy targeting active DNA demethylation in gliomas."
3587,brain tumour,39090044,Cutis verticis gyrata in a patient with acromegaly: an unusual case and review of literature.,"Acromegaly is a rare systemic syndrome induced by the overproduction of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor type one (IGF1). It is responsible for changes in the skeletal and soft tissue systems and it almost always occurs because of a pituitary adenoma. Amongst the skin complications related to acromegaly, cutis verticis gyrate (CVG) is occasionally found. It is a skin condition characterized by excessive growth of the skin of the scalp, resulting in furrows and folds. Only a few cases of this uncommon association have been reported in the literature. The present clinical case illustrates typical CVG associated with acromegaly. Imaging revealed a pituitary macroadenoma lesion and hormonal evaluation revealed elevated IGF1 and hypopituitarism. The patient underwent a transsphenoidal resection of the pituitary adenoma and the histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. The diagnosis of CVG is clinical, so radiologic assessments are generally not necessary. The management of acromegaly associated with CVG depends on controlling the serum levels of GH and IGF1. In some cases, specific injections or surgery can be used to minimize CVG."
3588,brain tumour,39089783,The Role of Surgery for Stage IV Breast Cancer.,"Surgery for the management metastatic breast cancer has traditionally been considered a palliative procedure. However, some retrospective publications indicated that there may be a survival benefit to surgery in the presence of metastatic disease. Recent randomized trials will be reviewed for both management of the intact primary tumor in de novo breast cancer and systemic secondary metastases."
3589,brain tumour,39089727,A pituitary mass in a 46-year-old woman.,No abstract found
3590,brain tumour,39089535,Sex differences in the inflammation-depression link: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous disorder that affects twice as many women than men. Precluding advances in more tailored and efficacious treatments for depression is the lack of reliable biomarkers. While depression is linked to elevations in inflammatory immune system functioning, this relationship is not evident among all individuals with depression and may vary based on symptom subtypes and/or sex. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined whether inflammatory immune peripheral markers of depression are sex-specific. PRISMA guidelines were followed for the systematic review, and a comprehensive search strategy that identified studies from PubMed and PsycInfo was applied. Studies were included if they reported C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and/or IL-1β for males and/or females among depressed and healthy adults. We identified 23 studies that satisfied these inclusion criteria. Random-effects meta-analysis models were fit, and measures of association were summarized between levels of circulating markers of inflammation in depressed and healthy males and females. Sex-based analyses revealed elevated levels of CRP among females with depression (Cohen's d = 0.19) relative to their healthy counterparts (p = 0.02), an effect not apparent among males (Cohen's d = -0.01). Similarly, levels of IL-6 were increased among females with depression compared to healthy controls (Cohen's d = 0.51; p = 0.04), but once again this was not found among males (Cohen's d = 0.16). While TNF-α levels were elevated among individuals with depression compared to controls (p = 0.01), no statistically significant sex differences were found. The meta-analysis for IL-1β resulted in only three articles, and thus, results are presented in the supplemental section. This meta-analysis advances our understanding of the unique involvement of inflammatory biomarkers in depression among men and women, which may help inform more tailored sex-specific treatment approaches in the future."
3591,brain tumour,39089504,An injectable biomimetic hydrogel adapting brain tissue mechanical strength for postoperative treatment of glioblastoma without anti-tumor drugs participation.,"Adapting the mechanical strength between the implant materials and the brain tissue is crucial for the postoperative treatment of glioblastoma. However, no related study has been reported. Herein, we report an injectable lipoic acid‑iron (LA-Fe) hydrogel (LFH) that can adapt to the mechanical strength of various brain tissues, including human brain tissue, by coordinating Fe"
3592,brain tumour,39089332,β-d-N,"Rabies is a fatal neurological disorder caused by rabies virus (RABV) infection. Approximately 60,000 patients die from rabies annually, and there are no effective treatments for this disease. Nucleoside analogs are employed as antiviral drugs based on their broad antiviral spectrum, and certain nucleoside analogs have been reported to exhibit anti-RABV activity. The nucleoside analog β-d-N"
3593,brain tumour,39089107,Modelling glioblastoma resistance to temozolomide. A mathematical model to simulate cellular adaptation in vitro.,"Drug resistance is one of the biggest challenges in the fight against cancer. In particular, in the case of glioblastoma, the most lethal brain tumour, resistance to temozolomide (the standard of care drug for chemotherapy in this tumour) is one of the main reasons behind treatment failure and hence responsible for the poor prognosis of patients diagnosed with this disease. In this work, we combine the power of three-dimensional in vitro experiments of treated glioblastoma spheroids with mathematical models of tumour evolution and adaptation. We use a novel approach based on internal variables for modelling the acquisition of resistance to temozolomide that was observed in experiments for a group of treated spheroids. These internal variables describe the cell's phenotypic state, which depends on the history of drug exposure and affects cell behaviour. We use model selection to determine the most parsimonious model and calibrate it to reproduce the experimental data, obtaining a high level of agreement between the in vitro and in silico outcomes. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to investigate the impact of each model parameter in the predictions. More importantly, we show how the model is useful for answering biological questions, such as what is the intrinsic adaptation mechanism, or for separating the sensitive and resistant populations. We conclude that the proposed in silico framework, in combination with experiments, can be useful to improve our understanding of the mechanisms behind drug resistance in glioblastoma and to eventually set some guidelines for the design of new treatment schemes."
3594,brain tumour,39089004,Befotertinib for patients with pretreated EGFR T790M mutated locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC: Final overall survival results from a phase 2 trial.,"In the initial analysis of a pivotal phase 2 single-arm study (NCT03861156), befotertinib (D-0316) showed clinical benefit with a manageable safety profile in pretreated patients with EGFR T790M mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including those with brain metastases."
3595,brain tumour,39088855,Beyond childhood: exploring the state of transitional care in pediatric pilocytic astrocytoma.,Pediatric pilocytic astrocytoma (PPA) requires prolonged follow-up after initial resection. The landscape of transitional care for PPA patients is not well characterized. The authors sought to examine the clinical course and transition to adult care for these patients to better characterize opportunities for improvement in long-term care.
3596,brain tumour,39088832,Targeting Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Enhances the Efficacy of Radiotherapy in Glioma.,"Radiotherapy (RT) is commonly used to try to eliminate any remaining tumor cells following surgical resection of glioma. However, tumor recurrence is prevalent, highlighting the unmet medical need to develop therapeutic strategies to enhance the efficacy of RT in glioma. Focusing on the radiosensitizing potential of the currently approved drugs known to cross the blood-brain barrier can facilitate rapid clinical translation. Here, we assessed the role of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), a key enzyme to degrade catecholamines and a drug target for Parkinson's disease, in glioma treatment. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data showed significantly higher COMT expression levels in both low-grade glioma and glioblastoma compared to normal brain tissues. Inhibition of COMT by genetic knockout or FDA-approved COMT inhibitors significantly sensitized glioma cells to RT in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, COMT inhibition in glioma cells led to mitochondria dysfunction and increased mitochondrial RNA release into the cytoplasm, activating the cellular antiviral double-stranded RNA sensing pathway and type I interferon (IFN) response. Elevated type I IFNs stimulated the phagocytic capacity of microglial cells, enhancing RT efficacy. Given the long-established safety record of the COMT inhibitors, these findings provide a solid rationale to evaluate them in combination with RT in patients with glioma. Significance: Inhibition of catechol-O-methyltransferase, a well-established drug target in Parkinson's disease, interferes with mitochondrial electron transport and induces mitochondrial double-stranded RNA leakage, activating type I interferon signaling and sensitizing glioma to radiotherapy."
3597,brain tumour,39088797,"Discovery of Pyrazolopyrazines as Selective, Potent, and Mutant-Active MET Inhibitors with Intracranial Efficacy.","Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that serves a critical function in numerous developmental, morphogenic, and proliferative signaling pathways. If dysregulated, MET has been shown to be involved in the development and survival of several cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), renal cancer, and other epithelial tumors. Currently, the clinical efficacy of FDA approved MET inhibitors is limited by on-target acquired resistance, dose-limiting toxicities, and less than optimal efficacy against brain metastasis. Therefore, there is still an unmet medical need for the development of MET inhibitors to address these issues. Herein we report the application of structure-based design for the discovery and development of a novel class of brain-penetrant MET inhibitors with enhanced activity against clinically relevant mutations and improved selectivity. Compound "
3598,brain tumour,39088751,Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanosensing and Imaging in Neuroscience.,Monitoring neurochemicals and imaging the molecular content of brain tissues 
3599,brain tumour,39088535,Survival analysis and associated factors of highgrade glioma patients.,"High-grade gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults, and they usually have a quick fatal course. Average survival is 18 months, mainly, because of tumor resistance to Stupp protocol."
3600,brain tumour,39088437,Brain MRI detection and classification: Harnessing convolutional neural networks and multi-level thresholding.,"Brain tumor detection in clinical applications is a complex and challenging task due to the intricate structures of the human brain. Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging is widely preferred for this purpose because of its ability to provide detailed images of soft brain tissues, including brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood vessels. However, accurately detecting brain tumors from MR images remains an open problem for researchers due to the variations in tumor characteristics such as intensity, texture, size, shape, and location. To address these issues, we propose a method that combines multi-level thresholding and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Initially, we enhance the contrast of brain MR images using intensity transformations, which highlight the infected regions in the images. Then, we use the suggested CNN architecture to classify the enhanced MR images into normal and abnormal categories. Finally, we employ multi-level thresholding based on Tsallis entropy (TE) and differential evolution (DE) to detect tumor region(s) from the abnormal images. To refine the results, we apply morphological operations to minimize distortions caused by thresholding. The proposed method is evaluated using the widely used Harvard Medical School (HMS) dataset, and the results demonstrate promising performance with 99.5% classification accuracy and 92.84% dice similarity coefficient. Our approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in brain tumor detection and automated disease diagnosis from MR images."
3601,brain tumour,39088270,Exosomal TNF-α mediates voltage-gated Na+ channel 1.6 overexpression and contributes to brain tumor-induced neuronal hyperexcitability.,"Patients affected by glioma frequently experience epileptic discharges; however, the causes of brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE) are still not completely understood. We investigated the mechanisms underlying BTRE by analyzing the effects of exosomes released by U87 glioma cells and by patient-derived glioma cells. Rat hippocampal neurons incubated for 24 hours with these exosomes exhibited increased spontaneous firing, while their resting membrane potential shifted positively by 10-15 mV. Voltage clamp recordings demonstrated that the activation of the Na+ current shifted toward more hyperpolarized voltages by 10-15 mV. To understand the factors inducing hyperexcitability, we focused on exosomal cytokines. Western blot and ELISAs showed that TNF-α was present inside glioma-derived exosomes. Remarkably, incubation with TNF-α fully mimicked the phenotype induced by exosomes, with neurons firing continuously, while their resting membrane potential shifted positively. Real-time PCR revealed that both exosomes and TNF-α induced overexpression of the voltage-gated Na+ channel Nav1.6, a low-threshold Na+ channel responsible for hyperexcitability. When neurons were preincubated with infliximab, a specific TNF-α inhibitor, the hyperexcitability induced by exosomes and TNF-α was drastically reduced. We propose that infliximab, an FDA-approved drug to treat rheumatoid arthritis, could ameliorate the conditions of glioma patients with BTRE."
3602,brain tumour,39088157,Disrupting glioblastoma networks with tumor treating fields (TTFields) in in vitro models.,This study investigates the biological effect of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) on key drivers of glioblastoma's malignancy-tumor microtube (TM) formation-and on the function and overall integrity of the tumor cell network.
3603,brain tumour,39088138,Semaglutide as a promising treatment for hypothalamic obesity: a six-month case series on four females with craniopharyngioma.,"Patients with hypothalamic pathology often develop hypothalamic obesity, causing severe metabolic alterations resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Treatments for hypothalamic obesity have not proven very effective, although the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist semaglutide has been shown to have positive effects. We examined semaglutide's effect on weight loss in a sample of patients with hypothalamic obesity."
3604,brain tumour,39088137,"Diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic characteristics of patients with acromegaly according to tumor size at diagnosis.","To evaluate clinical, laboratory, radiological, therapeutic, and prognostic characteristics of patients with acromegaly according to the size of the growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma at diagnosis."
3605,brain tumour,39087903,More widespread functionality of posterior language area in patients with brain tumors.,"Damage to the posterior language area (PLA), or Wernicke's area causes cortical reorganization in the corresponding regions of the contralateral hemisphere. However, the details of reorganization within the ipsilateral hemisphere are not fully understood. In this context, direct electrical stimulation during awake surgery can provide valuable opportunities to investigate neuromodulation of the human brain in vivo, which is difficult through the non-invasive approaches. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the characteristics of the cortical reorganization of the PLA within the ipsilateral hemisphere. Sixty-two patients with left hemispheric gliomas were divided into groups depending on whether the lesion extended to the PLA. All patients underwent direct cortical stimulation with a picture-naming task. We further performed functional connectivity analyses using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a subset of patients and calculated betweenness centrality, an index of the network importance of brain areas. During direct cortical stimulation, the regions showing positive (impaired) responses in the non-PLA group were localized mainly in the posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), whereas those in the PLA group were widely distributed from the pSTG to the posterior supramarginal gyrus (pSMG). Notably, the percentage of positive responses in the pSMG was significantly higher in the PLA group (47%) than in the non-PLA group (8%). In network analyses of functional connectivity, the pSMG was identified as a hub region with high betweenness centrality in both the groups. These findings suggest that the language area can spread beyond the PLA to the pSMG, a hub region, in patients with lesion progression to the pSTG. The change in the pattern of the language area may be a compensatory mechanism to maintain efficient brain networks."
3606,brain tumour,39087397,Coordinated Targeting of S6K1/2 and AXL Disrupts Pyrimidine Biosynthesis in PTEN-Deficient Glioblastoma.,"Intrinsic resistance to targeted therapeutics in PTEN-deficient glioblastoma (GBM) is mediated by redundant signaling networks that sustain critical metabolic functions. Here, we demonstrate that coordinated inhibition of the ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL using LY-2584702 and BMS-777607 can overcome network redundancy to reduce GBM tumor growth. This combination of S6K1 and AXL inhibition suppressed glucose flux to pyrimidine biosynthesis. Genetic inactivation studies to map the signaling network indicated that both S6K1 and S6K2 transmit growth signals in PTEN-deficient GBM. Kinome-wide ATP binding analysis in inhibitor-treated cells revealed that LY-2584702 directly inhibited S6K1, and substrate phosphorylation studies showed that BMS-777607 inactivation of upstream AXL collaborated to reduce S6K2-mediated signal transduction. Thus, combination targeting of S6K1 and AXL provides a kinase-directed therapeutic approach that circumvents signal transduction redundancy to interrupt metabolic function and reduce growth of PTEN-deficient GBM."
3607,brain tumour,39087302,Choroid Plexus Tumors of the Central Nervous System: A Review of Data with a Case of Disseminated Choroid Plexus Papilloma.,To highlight the critical role of molecular profiling of choroid plexus epithelium tumors (CPTs) in guiding individualized treatment strategies.
3608,brain tumour,39087300,Exosome-Mediated Brain Tumor Diagnostics from Peripheral Fluids: A Review of Clinical Data.,"Definitive diagnoses in neuro-oncology often require invasive procedures, such as surgical biopsies to obtain tissue for histopathologic and molecular interrogation. Patients with small lesions that may respond to nonsurgical treatments, such as chemoradiation, may nevertheless undergo surgery with potential risks to obtain diagnostic tissue. A means for noninvasively obtaining diagnostic information from brain tumors may improve patient care by limiting the need for surgery. Molecular evaluation of exosomes may provide such a means. Exosomes are small vesicles excreted from tumor cells that contain molecular information. Isolation of these vesicles from peripheral fluids, such as blood and urine, may provide diagnostic information for rendering a definitive diagnosis. Here, we review current clinical data for exosome-mediated brain tumor diagnostics."
3609,brain tumour,39087295,A Novel Perspective to Gamma-Knife Radiosurgery for Solitary Meningiomas: Adaptability of Fast Imaging Employing Steady-State Acquisition/Constructive Interference in Steady-State Magnetic Resonance Imaging.,To compare T1-weighted contrast-enhanced (T1+C) with fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences to protect healthy brain tissue during meningioma treatment with Gamma-Knife radiosurgery (GKRS).
3610,brain tumour,39087293,Exogenous Ceramide Treatment Induce Death and Cytotoxicity in Glioma Cells.,To evaluate the cytotoxic and proapoptotic effects of C6 ceramide on the C6 rat glioma cell line.
3611,brain tumour,39087290,"What Happens to Serum Levels of Visinin-Like Protein-1, Caveolin-1 and Neuron-Specific Enolase after Supratentorial Glioma Resection: A Pilot Study.","To observe changes in the serum levels of visinin-like protein-1 (VILIP-1), caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) after glioma resection."
3612,brain tumour,39087287,Mixed Reality Assisted Navigation Guided Microsurgical Removal of Cranial Lesions.,"To demonstrate the possible use of mixed reality (MR) technology in neurosurgery for multiple purposes, including preoperative planning, training, and three-dimensional (3D) navigation."
3613,brain tumour,39087286,"Survival and Prognostic Factors in Re-irradiation for Recurrent/Progressive Malignant Gliomas: Turkish Society of Radiation Oncology Neuro-Oncology Group, TROD 007-006 Study.",To evaluate survival and prognostic factors associated with survival among patients who underwent reirradiation for recurrent/ progressive primary brain tumors.
3614,brain tumour,39087065,Impact of ,To investigate whether TP53 variants may be correlated with overall survival and local control following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases (BMs) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
3615,brain tumour,39087061,Patient and physician attitudes towards salvage stereotactic radiosurgery or radiotherapy for brain metastases.,"The experience of patients with brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) may shape attitudes towards salvage therapy. Furthermore, physician attitudes towards salvage therapy may differ based on specialty and experience. Our objective is to compare physician attitudes and patient experiences with SRS."
3616,brain tumour,39087020,The landscape of cancer-associated transcript fusions in adult brain tumors: a longitudinal assessment in 140 patients with cerebral gliomas and brain metastases.,Oncogenic fusions of neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 
3617,brain tumour,39086473,Editorial: Recent advances in the molecular genetics of glioma.,No abstract found
3618,brain tumour,39086185,Unraveling contributions to the Z-spectrum signal at 3.5 ppm of human brain tumors.,"To evaluate the influence of the confounding factors, direct water saturation (DWS), and magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) effects on measured Z-spectra and amide proton transfer (APT) contrast in brain tumors."
3619,brain tumour,39085948,Severe hypoglycemia in a diabetic patient with pituitary apoplexy: a case report.,"Hypoglycemia is a common occurrence in diabetic patients. But unlike non diabetic patients, its causes are frequently related to drugs they are receiving to control blood glucose. But this may not always be the case. Here we report a type 2 diabetic patient with severe hypoglycemia owing to acute hypopituitarism secondary to pituitary apoplexy."
3620,brain tumour,39085878,Inhibiting interferon-γ induced cancer intrinsic TNFRSF14 elevation restrains the malignant progression of glioblastoma.,"Prolonged interferon-γ signaling activation induces cancer resistance to therapeutics, especially immunotherapy. However, the detailed mechanisms are not well characterized. In present study, we explored cancer intrinsic resistant mechanisms employing for evading immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and searched for key immune checkpoints contributing to the constitution of suppressive immune microenvironment of glioblastoma (GBM)."
3621,brain tumour,39085744,Single-cell atlas profiling revealed cellular characteristics and dynamic changes after PD-1 blockade therapy of brain metastases from laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.,"Brain metastasis (BM) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is uncommon but prognosis is poor. Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy benefits some advanced LSCC cases, yet its efficiency is limited by tumor complexity. We analyzed paired metastatic tumor samples from before and after immunotherapy using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), along with a primary LSCC dataset and bulk RNA sequencing. This identified changes post-immunotherapy and revealed differences in single-cell transcriptomes among LSCC, primBM, and neoBM. Our findings show that anti-PD-1 treatment suppresses metastasis-promoting pathways like VEGF and EMT in cancer cells, and alters immune cell functions. Notably, it upregulates T cell activation, leading to CD8 T cell exhaustion from excess heat shock proteins, notably HSPA8. However, CD8 T cell cytotoxic functions improve post-treatment. In myeloid cells, anti-PD-1 therapy enhances antigen presentation and promotes a proinflammatory shift post-metastasis. Additionally, NUPR1 is linked to BM in LSCC, and NEAT1 is a potential metastatic cancer cell cycle participant. Our study provides insights into cancer heterogeneity and the impact of PD-1 immunotherapy on metastasis, aiding precise diagnosis and prognosis."
3622,brain tumour,39085713,Immunomodulatory signalling networks in glioblastoma multiforme: a comprehensive review of therapeutic approaches.,"Glioblastoma multiforme is a very aggressive type of cancer with high mortality and poor prognosis worldwide. Advanced treatment options with an understanding of the molecules and signalling mechanisms involved in this type of cancer have the potential to increase targeted therapy and decrease off-target effects, resistance, and recurrence. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) presents a complex tumour microenvironment with numerous cellular components and an extracellular matrix comprising multiple components. A deeper understanding of these components and corresponding signalling pathways can increase the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of GBM. The discovery of specific molecular changes and biomarkers has led to the investigation of tailored treatments for individual patients. Combination therapies targeting multiple pathways or utilizing different modalities are emerging as a promising strategy albeit with challenges in drug delivery to the brain. The review presents a comprehensive update of the various immunomodulatory signalling networks in GBM and highlights the corresponding therapeutic approaches by targeting them."
3623,brain tumour,39085706,Preoperative treatment with dopamine agonist therapy influences surgical outcome in prolactinoma: a retrospective single-center on 159 patients.,"Prolactinoma account to the most common pituitary adenomas and current therapy regime constitutes of dopamine agonist therapy (DA) and surgery in selected cases [17]. Due to tumor fibrosis induced by previous DA therapy, surgical removal can be challenging though. Therefore, this study investigates how preoperative DA usage influences perioperative treatment and surgical outcome in prolactinoma and aims to ascertain whether a specific subgroup of prolactinoma patients could derive greater benefit from exclusive surgical intervention."
3624,brain tumour,39085672,Characteristics and outcomes of men with erectile dysfunction as the presenting symptom due to a lactotroph adenoma.,"Erectile dysfunction (ED) is frequently underreported in men suffering from prolactinomas and can be challenging to manage. Both dopamine agonists (DAs) and transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) correct hyperprolactinemia and restore gonadal function. However, there is scarce data regarding their effectiveness in correcting ED over the long term."
3625,brain tumour,39085626,Future perspective of targeted treatments in pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG): the evolution of standard-of-care and challenges of a new era.,"While surgery, when possible, remains the mainstay of pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) management, adjuvant therapy has significantly evolved over time. Radiation therapy was commonly used in the late 1990s for tumors that could not be resected or recurred. This resulted in significant late morbidity in this population and mortality related to secondary malignancies and chronic health conditions. Chemotherapy became the mainstay of adjuvant therapy but children still experienced late morbidity secondary to exposure to multiple lines of treatment over time. Targeted therapies emerged after the identification of frequent genetic alterations in the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway including KIAA1549-BRAF fusions and BRAF-V600 mutations and the near universal upregulation of the MAPK pathway in these tumors. Both BRAF and MEK inhibitors have shown efficacy in the treatment of pLGG and have led to prolonged stability in some cases. Multiple phase III clinical trials are now comparing targeted therapy to standard-of-care chemotherapy regimens setting the stage for targeted therapy to replace chemotherapy as the first-line treatment in some cases. Targeted therapy, however, is not without its challenges. There are clear examples of resistance and mechanisms of resistance have not been fully elucidated. There is also no clear duration for these therapies and rebound growth is a well-known phenomenon especially in BRAF-V600 mutant tumors. Targeted therapies are also fairly recent developments and long-term toxicities and functional outcomes are still being monitored. Very young and adolescent/young adult LGGs also carry molecular features that may not be addressed by inhibition of the MAPK pathway. Adjuvant therapy for pLGG has evolved from radiation for all unresectable or residual tumors to molecularly driven targeted therapies with improved quality of life, late effects, and less off-target toxicities. While there is still much to learn in regard to newer targeted therapies for pLGG, the era of targeted therapies for pediatric LGG is upon us."
3626,brain tumour,39085609,Histone serotonylation regulates ependymoma tumorigenesis.,Bidirectional communication between tumours and neurons has emerged as a key facet of the tumour microenvironment that drives malignancy
3627,brain tumour,39085511,UBE2D3 regulated by WTAP-mediated m6A modification inhibits temozolomide chemosensitivity in glioblastoma.,"To explore how the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2D3 (UBE2D3) influences temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in glioblastoma (GBM), and to clarify the association between UBE2D3 and WTAP. The UBE2D3 protein expression in GBM tissues were detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC) through tissue microarrays. The potential pathways of UBE2D3 in TCGA-GBM were predicted via Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). To investigate UBE2D3's role in TMZ resistance, GBM cells were transduced with UBE2D3 shRNA or overexpression lentivirus, followed by assessments of CCK-8, flow cytometry, comet assay, and western blot analysis. Furthermore, a subcutaneous tumor model was established in nude mice using U87 cells transduced with interfering lentivirus to observe tumor growth and assess cell apoptosis using TUNEL staining. Mechanically, m"
3628,brain tumour,39085480,Genomics and proteomics to determine novel molecular subtypes and predict the response to immunotherapy and the effect of bevacizumab in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive, infiltrative malignancy that cannot be completely cured by current treatment modalities, and therefore requires more precise molecular subtype signatures to predict treatment response for personalized precision therapy. Expression subtypes of GBM samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were identified using BayesNM and compared with existing molecular subtypes of GBM. Biological features of the subtypes were determined by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. Genomic and proteomic data from GBM samples were combined and Genomic Identification of Significant Targets in Cancer analysis was used to screen genes with recurrent somatic copy-number alterations phenomenon. The immune environment among subtypes was compared by assessing the expression of immune molecules and the infiltration of immune cells. Molecular subtypes adapted to immunotherapy were identified based on Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) score. Finally, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression was performed on the expression profiles of S2, S3 and S4 in TCGA-GBM and RPPA to determine the respective corresponding best predictive model. Four novel molecular subtypes were classified. Specifically, S1 exhibited a low proliferative profile; S2 exhibited the profile of high proliferation, IDH1 mutation, TP53 mutation and deletion; S3 was characterized by high immune scores, innate immunity and adaptive immune infiltration scores, with the lowest TIDE score and was most likely to benefit from immunotherapy; S4 was characterized by high proliferation, EGFR amplification, and high protein abundance, and was the most suitable subtype for bevacizumab. LASSO analysis constructed the best prediction model composed of 13 genes in S2 with an accuracy of 96.7%, and the prediction model consisting of 17 genes in S3 with an accuracy of 86.7%, and screened 14 genes as components of the best prediction model in S4 with an accuracy of 93%. To conclude, our study classified reproducible and robust molecular subtypes of GBM, and these findings might contribute to the identification of patients responding to immunotherapy, thereby improving GBM prognosis."
3629,brain tumour,39085454,Mini-strokes after awake surgery for glioma resection: are there anesthesia related factors?,"Awake surgery is now a common approach for the resection of glioma. One of the surgical complications is mini-stroke which take the form of periresectional small areas of brain ischemic lesions. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the association between factors related to anesthetic management and the risk of mini-stroke, in awake surgery for glioma resection."
3630,brain tumour,39085419,Cranioencephalic functional lymphoid units in glioblastoma.,"The ecosystem of brain tumors is considered immunosuppressed, but our current knowledge may be incomplete. Here we analyzed clinical cell and tissue specimens derived from patients presenting with glioblastoma or nonmalignant intracranial disease to report that the cranial bone (CB) marrow, in juxtaposition to treatment-naive glioblastoma tumors, harbors active lymphoid populations at the time of initial diagnosis. Clinical and anatomical imaging, single-cell molecular and immune cell profiling and quantification of tumor reactivity identified CD8"
3631,brain tumour,39085346,GDNF/GFRA1 signaling contributes to chemo- and radioresistance in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by an inherent aggressivity and resistance to treatment leading to poor prognoses. While some resistance mechanisms have been elucidated, a deeper understanding of these mechanisms is needed to increase therapeutic efficacy. In this study we first discovered glial-cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to be upregulated in patient-derived glioblastoma spheroid cultures after chemotherapeutic temozolomide treatment, through RNA-Seq experiments. Therefore, we investigated the role of the GDNF/GDNF receptor alpha 1 (GFRA1) signaling pathway as a resistance mechanism to chemotherapy with temozolomide and lomustine, as well as irradiation using patient-derived glioblastoma spheroid cultures. With qPCR experiments we showed a consistent upregulation of GDNF and its primary receptor GFRA1 following all three lines of treatment. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9 knock-outs of GDNF in two patient-derived models sensitized these cells to chemotherapy treatment, but not radiotherapy. The increased sensitivity was completely reversed by the addition of exogeneous GDNF, confirming the key role of this factor in chemoresistance. Finally, a CRISPR KO of GFRA1 demonstrated a similar increased sensitivity to temozolomide and lomustine treatment, as well as radiotherapy. Together, our findings support the role of the GDNF/GFRA1 signaling pathway in glioblastoma chemo and radioresistance."
3632,brain tumour,39085190,Infant Hydrocephalus.,"Hydrocephalus is a neurosurgical condition that is highly prevalent in pediatric medicine. In the infant population, there is a distinct set of features that all primary pediatricians would benefit from understanding. Infant hydrocephalus can present prenatally on imaging and postnatally with symptomatic enlargement of the head and associated skull features and raised intracranial pressures. The 2 major pathophysiology models of infant hydrocephalus are the bulk flow and the intracranial pulsatility models. The most common acquired forms of hydrocephalus include posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, postinfectious hydrocephalus, and brain tumor. The most common congenital forms of hydrocephalus include those due to myelomeningocele, aqueductal stenosis, and posterior fossa malformations. There are various evaluation and treatment algorithms for these different types of hydrocephalus, including cerebrospinal fluid shunting and endoscopic third ventriculostomy. The aim of this review was to elaborate on those features of hydrocephalus to best equip primary pediatricians to diagnose and manage hydrocephalus in infants."
3633,brain tumour,39084854,Efficacy of intra-arterial carboplatin and bevacizumab in the C6 rat glioma model of glioblastoma multiforme.,"Utilizing an endovascular rat glioma model, this study aimed to analyze the efficacy of intra-arterial (IA) carboplatin and bevacizumab delivery with blood-brain barrier breakdown (BBBB) for glioblastoma treatment."
3634,brain tumour,39084816,Prolactinomas: Preconception and During Pregnancy.,"Prolactinomas are a common cause of infertility in women. Medical treatment with dopamine agonists (DAs) has an excellent efficacy at restoring fertility and a reassuring safety profile in early pregnancy. Surgical treatment before conception is required in some cases of large macroadenomas and incomplete treatment response. In women with microprolactinomas, the pregnancy course is usually uneventful. In women with macroprolactinomas that are near/abut the optic chiasm, symptomatic tumor enlargement can occur during pregnancy and require a multidisciplinary team approach. This review provides an update regarding outcomes and management of prolactinomas before conception, during pregnancy, and postpartum."
3635,brain tumour,39084628,Inter-subject cerebrovascular variability: a source of uncertainty for dose calculation to circulating blood cells for glioblastoma patients treated with modern radiotherapy techniques.,
3636,brain tumour,39084569,"BOC targets SMO to regulate the Hedgehog pathway and promote proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells.","The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of BOC on glioblastoma cells and its underlying mechanisms. In vitro, BOC-knockdown was performed in glioma cell lines. CCK-8 and Transwell were used to assess the impact of BOC on the viability, invasion, and migration of gliobma cells. RNA-seq technology was employed to analyze the differential gene expression between BOC-knockdown glioma cells and the control group, and qRT-PCR was used to validate the expression of downstream differential genes. SMO-overexpression was performed to investigate the effects of SMO on glioma cells. A BOC-knockdown mouse subcutaneous tumor model was to verify the effects of BOC on mouse tumors. Tissue microarray technology was used to detect the expression of BOC and SMO in samples of normal human brain tissue and glioma tissue. In vitro, BOC-knockdown inhibited the viability, invasion, and migration of glioma cells, as well as downregulated the expression of downstream differential genes SMO, EGFR, HRAS, and MRAS. Conversely, SMO-overexpression upregulated the viability, invasion, and migration abilities of BOC-knockdown cells. In vivo, BOC-knockdown suppressed tumor growth in mice and downregulated the expression of downstream differential genes SMO, EGFR, HRAS, and MRAS. Tissue microarray results showed that both BOC and SMO were highly expressed in glioma tissues. BOC is aberrantly overexpressed in glioma patients and promotes glioma development. Mechanistically, BOC activates the Hedgehog (Hh) and RAS signaling pathways by upregulating the expression of SMO, EGFR, HRAS, and MRAS, thereby facilitating the Proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma cells."
3637,brain tumour,39084503,Cordycepin inhibits glioma growth by downregulating PD-L1 expression via the NOD-like receptor/NFKB1/STAT1 axis.,"Glioma is a serious primary malignant tumor of the human central nervous system with a poor prognosis and a high recurrence rate; however, inhibition of immune checkpoints can greatly improve the survival rate of patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation of PD-L1 by cordycepin and the mechanism of its anti-tumor action. The results of previous studies indicate that cordycepin has good anti-proliferative and anti-migratory activities and can induce apoptosis in U251 and T98G cells in vitro. Here, transcriptome sequencing showed that cordycepin may exert anti-tumor effects through the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Further intervention with BMS-1, a small molecule inhibitor of PD-L1, was used to explore whether inhibition of PD-L1 affected the regulation of the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway by cordycepin. Mechanistically, on the one hand, cordycepin regulated the expression of NFKB1 and STAT1 through the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the expression of PD-L1. In addition, inhibition of PD-L1 enhanced the regulation by cordycepin of the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. On the other hand, cordycepin directly upregulated expression of STAT1 and downregulated that of PD-L1. In vivo studies further showed that cordycepin could downregulate expression of PD-L1 and NFKB1 and upregulate that of STAT1 in glioma xenograft tumor tissues, consistent with the results of in vitro studies. The results suggest that cordycepin may down-regulate the expression of PD-L1 through NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and NFKB signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the immune escape of glioma, and can be developed as a PD-L1 inhibitor. Our results therefore provide a theoretical foundation for the use of cordycepin in treatment of glioma and enrich our understanding of its pharmacological mechanism."
3638,brain tumour,39084453,Vitexin promotes the anti-senescence effect via inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 in D-Galactose-induced progeria mice and stress-induced premature senescence.,"Vitexin is a natural flavonoid glycoside compound extracted from the leaves and seeds of Vitex negundo. It is widely distributed in the leaves and stems of numerous plants and exhibites remarkable anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hypertensive properties. However, whether vitexin presents the anti-aging and senescence prevention effect has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of vitexin on progeria mice and cellular senescence, as well as its underlying molecular mechanisms. To generate a premature aging/senescence model in vivo and in vitro, we used D-galactose (D-gal), hydrogen peroxide (H"
3639,brain tumour,39084288,Implementation of a Standardized Interdisciplinary Perioperative Protocol for Patients Undergoing Transsphenoidal Surgery: Impact on Patient Outcomes.,"Advances in endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery have led to improved postoperative outcomes after pituitary adenoma resection, including reduced length of stay, complications and readmission rates, without compromising safety and satisfaction."
3640,brain tumour,39084028,Fractional tumor burden maps increase the confidence of reading brain MR perfusion.,Various methods exist to perform and post-process perfusion weighted MR imaging in the post-treatment imaging of glioma patients to differentiate tumor progression from tumor-related abnormalities. One of these post-processing methods produces 'fractional tumor burden' maps. This multi-reader study investigated the clinical feasibility of fractional tumor burden maps on real world data from radiological follow-up of high-grade astrocytoma patients.
3641,brain tumour,39083926,Alterations in intratumoral and peripheral immune status in recurrent gliomas and their prognostic implications for patients underwent reoperation.,"Reoperation is a treatment option for recurrent gliomas, yet factors impacting survival following reoperation remain poorly defined. Tumor immunity is profoundly associated with disease progression. Here, we analyze the immune status characteristics and their prognostic implications in recurrent gliomas."
3642,brain tumour,39083299,Precise Identification of Glioblastoma Micro-Infiltration at Cellular Resolution by Raman Spectroscopy.,"Precise identification of glioblastoma (GBM) microinfiltration, which is essential for achieving complete resection, remains an enormous challenge in clinical practice. Here, the study demonstrates that Raman spectroscopy effectively identifies GBM microinfiltration with cellular resolution in clinical specimens. The spectral differences between infiltrative lesions and normal brain tissues are attributed to phospholipids, nucleic acids, amino acids, and unsaturated fatty acids. These biochemical metabolites identified by Raman spectroscopy are further confirmed by spatial metabolomics. Based on differential spectra, Raman imaging resolves important morphological information relevant to GBM lesions in a label-free manner. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning in detecting infiltrative lesions exceeds 95%. Most importantly, the cancer cell threshold identified by Raman spectroscopy is as low as 3 human GBM cells per 0.01 mm"
3643,brain tumour,39083092,From data to practice: brain meningioma treatment in elderly patients - a survey of the Italian Society of Neurosurgery (SINch®) and systematic review and meta-analysis.,"The management of meningioma in elderly patients (MEP) presents a complex and evolving challenge. Data available offer conflicting information on treatment options and complications. This survey aimed to examine the current approach to MEP, comparing the national profile to data in the current literature. A survey addressing the treatments options and management of meningioma in elderly was designed on behalf of SINch® (Società Italiana di Neurochirurgia) and sent via email to all Chiefs of Neurosurgical Departments. The survey remained open for responses from May 5th, 2022, until November 21st, 2022. A search of the literature published between January 2000 and March 2023, in accordance to PRISMA guidelines, was included. A total of 51 Neurosurgical centers participated in the survey. The caseload profile of each center influences the choice of treatment selection (Stereotactic Radiosurgery versus open surgery) (p = 0.01) and the consolidated practice of discussing cases within a multidisciplinary group (p = 0.02). The pooled meta-analysis demonstrated a significant increased risk in the elderly group for permanent deficits (p < 0.00001), postoperative infections (p = 0.0004) and hemorrhage (p = 0.0001), perioperative mortality (p < 0.00001), and medical complications (p < 0.00001) as compared to the young population. This study presents the initial comprehensive analysis of the existing trends in the surgical management of MEP in Italy. The significant variation in practices primarily stems from the absence of standardized guidelines. While most centers have adopted an integrated approach, there is a need to promote a multidisciplinary care model. Prospective studies are needed to gather robust evidence in this clinical setting."
3644,brain tumour,39083058,World premiere: transoral robot-assisted excision for nasopharyngeal ectopic pituitary adenoma.,"Pituitary adenoma (PA), though rare, has seen increased incidence with widespread MRI use, enabling incidental diagnosis. Prevalence is approximately 1 case per 1000 in the general population. PAs are benign neoplasms, constituting 10 to 20% of intracranial tumours. Ectopic pituitary adenoma developed outside the sella turcica is exceptional. It may be hormonally active or not. These are called nonfunctional pituitary adenomas."
3645,brain tumour,39082649,Identifying cell type-specific transcription factor-mediated activity immune modules reveal implications for immunotherapy and molecular classification of pan-cancer.,"Systematic investigation of tumor-infiltrating immune (TII) cells is important to the development of immunotherapies, and the clinical response prediction in cancers. There exists complex transcriptional regulation within TII cells, and different immune cell types display specific regulation patterns. To dissect transcriptional regulation in TII cells, we first integrated the gene expression profiles from single-cell datasets, and proposed a computational pipeline to identify TII cell type-specific transcription factor (TF) mediated activity immune modules (TF-AIMs). Our analysis revealed key TFs, such as BACH2 and NFKB1 play important roles in B and NK cells, respectively. We also found some of these TF-AIMs may contribute to tumor pathogenesis. Based on TII cell type-specific TF-AIMs, we identified eight CD8+ T cell subtypes. In particular, we found the PD1 + CD8+ T cell subset and its specific TF-AIMs associated with immunotherapy response. Furthermore, the TII cell type-specific TF-AIMs displayed the potential to be used as predictive markers for immunotherapy response of cancer patients. At the pan-cancer level, we also identified and characterized six molecular subtypes across 9680 samples based on the activation status of TII cell type-specific TF-AIMs. Finally, we constructed a user-friendly web interface CellTF-AIMs (http://bio-bigdata.hrbmu.edu.cn/CellTF-AIMs/) for exploring transcriptional regulatory pattern in various TII cell types. Our study provides valuable implications and a rich resource for understanding the mechanisms involved in cancer microenvironment and immunotherapy."
3646,brain tumour,39082387,Prognostic value of C-reactive protein in patients with glioma: a meta-analysis.,
3647,brain tumour,39082342,Unraveling the Role of ,"The p53, a pivotal tumor suppressor, regulates various cellular responses, including DNA repair and apoptosis. Normally, p53 levels are low due to murine double minute clone 2 (MDM2) mediated polyubiquitination. However, stress signals disrupt p53-MDM2 interaction, stabilizing p53 and activating target genes. Dysfunctional p53 is common in cancers, especially colorectal cancer (CRC), with "
3648,brain tumour,39082301,Tumor-Specific Alterations in Motor Cortex Excitability and Tractography of the Corticospinal Tract-A Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study.,"Non-invasive brain mapping using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) is a valuable tool prior to resection of malignant brain tumors. With nTMS motor mapping, it is additionally possible to analyze the function of the motor system and to evaluate tumor-induced neuroplasticity. Distinct changes in motor cortex excitability induced by certain malignant brain tumors are a focal point of research."
3649,brain tumour,39082289,An Overview of MR-Guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (MRg-LITT) in Disrupting the Blood-Brain Barrier: Efficacy and Duration.,"The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a selectively semi-permeable layer, crucial in shielding the brain from external pathogens and toxic substances while maintaining ionic homeostasis and sufficient nutrient supply. However, it poses a significant challenge for drugs to penetrate the BBB in order to effectively target brain tumors. Magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRg-LITT) is a minimally invasive technique that employs thermal energy to cauterize intracranial lesions with the potential to temporarily disrupt the BBB. This further opens a possible therapeutic window to enhance patient outcomes. Here, we review the impact of MRg-LITT on BBB and blood tumor barrier (BTB) and the duration of the BBB disruption. Studies have shown that MRg-LITT is effective due to its minimally invasive nature, precise tumor targeting, and low complication rates. Although the disruption duration varies across studies, the average peak disruption is within the initial two weeks post-ablation period and subsequently exhibits a gradual decline. However, further research involving larger groups with extended follow-up periods is required to determine disruption duration more accurately. In addition, evaluating toxicity and glymphatic system disruption is crucial to circumvent potential risks associated with this procedure."
3650,brain tumour,39082286,Transcriptomic Hallmarks of Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury: Insights from an ,"Hypoxic-ischemic injury of neurons is a pathological process observed in several neurological conditions, including ischemic stroke and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI). An optimal treatment strategy for these conditions remains elusive. The present study delved deeper into the molecular alterations occurring during the injury process in order to identify potential therapeutic targets."
3651,brain tumour,39082198,Early identification of severe immune checkpoint inhibitor associated myocarditis: From an electrocardiographic perspective.,"Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-associated myocarditis, particularly severe ICI-associated myocarditis, has a high mortality rate. However, the predictive value of electrocardiogram (ECG) remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of clinical and electrocardiographic parameters for severe myocarditis."
3652,brain tumour,39081966,Local therapy in glioma: An evolving paradigm from history to horizons (Review).,"Despite the implementation of multimodal treatments after surgery, glioblastoma (GBM) remains an incurable disease, posing a significant challenge in neuro-oncology. In this clinical setting, local therapy (LT), a developing paradigm, has received significant interest over time due to its potential to overcome the drawbacks of conventional therapy options for GBM. The present review aimed to trace the historical development, highlight contemporary advances and provide insights into the future horizons of LT in GBM management. In compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols criteria, a systematic review of the literature on the role of LT in GBM management was conducted. A total of 2,467 potentially relevant articles were found and, after removal of duplicates, 2,007 studies were screened by title and abstract (Cohen's κ coefficient=0.92). Overall, it emerged that 15, 10 and 6 clinical studies explored the clinical efficiency of intraoperative local treatment modalities, local radiotherapy and local immunotherapy, respectively. GBM recurrences occur within 2 cm of the radiation field in 80% of cases, emphasizing the significant influence of local factors on recurrence. This highlights the urgent requirement for LT strategies. In total, three primary reasons have thus led to the development of numerous LT solutions in recent decades: i) Intratumoral implants allow the blood-brain barrier to be bypassed, resulting in limited systemic toxicity; ii) LT facilitates bridging therapy between surgery and standard treatments; and iii) given the complexity of GBM, targeting multiple components of the tumor microenvironment through ligands specific to various elements could have a synergistic effect in treatments. Considering the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of GBM, the disease prognosis could be significantly improved by a combination of therapeutic strategies in the era of precision medicine."
3653,brain tumour,39081340,Genotype-relevant neuroimaging features in low-grade epilepsy-associated tumors.,"Low-grade epilepsy-associated tumors are the second most common histopathological diagnoses in cases of drug-resistant focal epilepsy. However, the connection between neuroimaging features and genetic alterations in these tumors is unclear, prompting an investigation into genotype-relevant neuroimaging characteristics."
3654,brain tumour,39081235,Tools and toys beyond RANO 2.0: Digital flipbooks to monitor brain tumor growth dynamics?,No abstract found
3655,brain tumour,39081224,Temozolomide use in elderly patients with MGMT promoter unmethylated glioblastoma: Is it finally time to dismount a dead horse?,No abstract found
3656,brain tumour,39081110,Blockade of Ca,Gastrointestinal tumours overexpress voltage-gated calcium (Ca
3657,brain tumour,39081005,Generative adversarial network for Multimodal Contrastive Domain Sharing based on efficient invariant feature-centric growth analysis improved brain tumor classification.,"Efficient and accurate classification of brain tumor categories remains a critical challenge in medical imaging. While existing techniques have made strides, their reliance on generic features often leads to suboptimal results. To overcome these issues, Multimodal Contrastive Domain Sharing Generative Adversarial Network for Improved Brain Tumor Classification Based on Efficient Invariant Feature Centric Growth Analysis (MCDS-GNN-IBTC-CGA) is proposed in this manuscript.Here, the input imagesare amassed from brain tumor dataset. Then the input images are preprocesssed using Range - Doppler Matched Filter (RDMF) for improving the quality of the image. Then Ternary Pattern and Discrete Wavelet Transforms (TPDWT) is employed for feature extraction and focusing on white, gray mass, edge correlation, and depth features. The proposed method leverages Multimodal Contrastive Domain Sharing Generative Adversarial Network (MCDS-GNN) to categorize brain tumor images into Glioma, Meningioma, and Pituitary tumors. Finally, Coati Optimization Algorithm (COA) optimizes MCDS-GNN's weight parameters. The proposed MCDS-GNN-IBTC-CGA is empirically evaluated utilizing accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, Precision, F1-score,Mean Square Error (MSE). Here, MCDS-GNN-IBTC-CGA attains 12.75%, 11.39%, 13.35%, 11.42% and 12.98% greater accuracy comparing to the existingstate-of-the-arts techniques, likeMRI brain tumor categorization utilizing parallel deep convolutional neural networks (PDCNN-BTC), attention-guided convolutional neural network for the categorization of braintumor (AGCNN-BTC), intelligent driven deep residual learning method for the categorization of braintumor (DCRN-BTC),fully convolutional neural networks method for the classification of braintumor (FCNN-BTC), Convolutional Neural Network and Multi-Layer Perceptron based brain tumor classification (CNN-MLP-BTC) respectively."
3658,brain tumour,39080809,A preoperative radiogenomic model based on quantitative heterogeneity for predicting outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy.,"Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly heterogeneous, resulting in different responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and prognoses among patients. This study sought to characterize the heterogeneity of TNBC on MRI and develop a radiogenomic model for predicting both pathological complete response (pCR) and prognosis."
3659,brain tumour,39080760,No unfavorable effects on the menstruation recovery of early postoperative hypoprolactinemia after transsphenoidal surgery in patients with lactotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor.,"Transsphenoidal surgery for lactotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) lowers serum prolactin concentrations, occasionally below the normal range. However, the clinical significance of postoperative hypoprolactinemia is still unclear. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the female patients with lactotroph PitNET who were treated with transsphenoidal surgery to elucidate the influence of postoperative hypoprolactinemia on regular menstruation restoration and endocrinological remission."
3660,brain tumour,39080675,Lymphomatosis cerebri caused by adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma: a differential diagnosis for depression: a case report.,"Primary central nervous system lymphoma is rare, and primary central nervous system T cell lymphoma is relatively uncommon, contributing to < 5% of all cases. Lymphomatosis cerebri, a rare subtype of primary central nervous system lymphoma, is characterized by extensive white-matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging and nonspecific symptoms, such as cognitive decline and depression. Reports of lymphomatosis cerebri in adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma are limited."
3661,brain tumour,39080602,Clinical and radiological effects of Bevacizumab for the treatment of radionecrosis after stereotactic brain radiotherapy.,The purpose of this multicenter retrospective study was to analyze the clinical and radiological effects of bevacizumab (BV) on radionecrosis (RN) that developed after stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for brain metastasis.
3662,brain tumour,39080490,Population-level 5-year event-free survival for children with cancer in Australia.,"Event-free survival (EFS) considers other adverse events in addition to mortality. It therefore provides a more complete understanding of the effectiveness and consequences of treatment than standard survival measures, but is rarely reported at the population level for childhood cancer."
3663,brain tumour,39080336,"Identifying MSMO1, ELOVL6, AACS, and CERS2 related to lipid metabolism as biomarkers of Parkinson's disease.","The mechanisms underlying lipid metabolic disorders in Parkinson's diseases (PD) remain unclear. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to identify PD-related modular genes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) were extracted from Molecular Signatures Database. Candidate genes were assessed with overlapping modular genes, DEGs, and LMRGs for the purpose of building protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Then, biomarkers were generated by machine learning and Backpropagation Neural Network development according to candidate genes. Biomarker-based enrichment and network modulation analyses were executed to investigate related signaling pathways. Following dimensionality reduction clustering and annotation, scRNA-seq was submitted to cellular interactions and trajectory analysis to analyze regulatory mechanisms of critical cells. Finally, qRT-PCR was conducted to confirm the expression of biomarkers in PD patients. Four biomarkers (MSMO1, ELOVL6, AACS, and CERS2) were obtained and highly predictive after analysis mentioned above. Then, OPC, Oli, and Neu cells were the primary expression sites for biomarkers according to scRNA-seq studies. Finally, we confirmed mRNA of MSMO1, ELOVL6 and AACS were downregulated in PD patients comparing with control, while CERS2 was upregulated. In conclusion, MSMO1, ELOVL6, AACS, and CERS2 related to LMRGs could be new biomarkers for diagnosing and treating PD."
3664,brain tumour,39080324,Mask region-based convolutional neural network and VGG-16 inspired brain tumor segmentation.,"The process of brain tumour segmentation entails locating the tumour precisely in images. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is typically used by doctors to find any brain tumours or tissue abnormalities. With the use of region-based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) masks, Grad-CAM and transfer learning, this work offers an effective method for the detection of brain tumours. Helping doctors make extremely accurate diagnoses is the goal. A transfer learning-based model has been suggested that offers high sensitivity and accuracy scores for brain tumour detection when segmentation is done using R-CNN masks. To train the model, the Inception V3, VGG-16, and ResNet-50 architectures were utilised. The Brain MRI Images for Brain Tumour Detection dataset was utilised to develop this method. This work's performance is evaluated and reported in terms of recall, specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and F1 score. A thorough analysis has been done comparing the proposed model operating with three distinct architectures: VGG-16, Inception V3, and Resnet-50. Comparing the proposed model, which was influenced by the VGG-16, to related works also revealed its performance. Achieving high sensitivity and accuracy percentages was the main goal. Using this approach, an accuracy and sensitivity of around 99% were obtained, which was much greater than current efforts."
3665,brain tumour,39080298,Author Correction: Aplp1 interacts with Lag3 to facilitate transmission of pathologic α-synuclein.,No abstract found
3666,brain tumour,39080208,Enhanced 3D dose prediction for hypofractionated SRS (gamma knife radiosurgery) in brain tumor using cascaded-deep-supervised convolutional neural network.,"Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is a well-established technique in radiation therapy (RT) for treating small-size brain tumors. It administers highly concentrated doses during each treatment fraction, with even minor dose errors posing a significant risk of causing severe damage to healthy tissues. It underscores the critical need for precise and meticulous precision in GKRS. However, the planning process for GKRS is complex and time-consuming, heavily reliant on the expertise of medical physicists. Incorporating deep learning approaches for GKRS dose prediction can reduce this dependency, improve planning efficiency and homogeneity, streamline clinical workflows, and reduce patient lagging times. Despite this, precise Gamma Knife plan dose distribution prediction using existing models remains a significant challenge. The complexity stems from the intricate nature of dose distributions, subtle contrasts in CT scans, and the interdependence of dosimetric metrics. To overcome these challenges, we have developed a ""Cascaded-Deep-Supervised"" Convolutional Neural Network (CDS-CNN) that employs a hybrid-weighted optimization scheme. Our innovative method incorporates multi-level deep supervision and a strategic sequential multi-network training approach. It enables the extraction of intra-slice and inter-slice features, leading to more realistic dose predictions with additional contextual information. CDS-CNN was trained and evaluated using data from 105 brain cancer patients who underwent GKRS treatment, with 85 cases used for training and 20 for testing. Quantitative assessments and statistical analyses demonstrated high consistency between the predicted dose distributions and the reference doses from the treatment planning system (TPS). The 3D overall gamma passing rates (GPRs) reached 97.15% ± 1.36% (3 mm/3%, 10% threshold), surpassing the previous best performance by 2.53% using the 3D Dense U-Net model. When evaluated against more stringent criteria (2 mm/3%, 10% threshold, and 1 mm/3%, 10% threshold), the overall GPRs still achieved 96.53% ± 1.08% and 95.03% ± 1.18%. Furthermore, the average target coverage (TC) was 98.33% ± 1.16%, dose selectivity (DS) was 0.57 ± 0.10, gradient index (GI) was 2.69 ± 0.30, and homogeneity index (HI) was 1.79 ± 0.09. Compared to the 3D Dense U-Net, CDS-CNN predictions demonstrated a 3.5% improvement in TC, and CDS-CNN's dose prediction yielded better outcomes than the 3D Dense U-Net across all evaluation criteria. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed CDS-CNN model outperformed other models in predicting GKRS dose distributions, with predictions closely matching the TPS doses."
3667,brain tumour,39080151,Age-associated proteins explain the role of medial temporal lobe networks in Alzheimer's disease.,"The structural connectivity (SC) of the medial temporal lobe and its associated cortical anterior temporal and posterior medial networks (MTL-AT-PM) is linked to pathologies and memory decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, neuroimaging analyses cannot tell us how SC changes occur in AD at the molecular level and do not provide a means of intervening to slow/prevent pathology-related changes in MTL-AT-PM SC. The current study aimed to understand how and where AD-related changes occur within MTL-AT-PM using proteomics. We used a 4-step approach in 101 older adults from a local sample, aiming to understand how proteins and SC in combination at the multivariate level predict AD pathology, and to identify specific proteins related to SC and AD pathology. Separately, we validated the discovered proteins in relation to SC and AD pathology using ADNI sample. We identified 12 latent factors linking proteins and SC; five showed significant relationships with AD pathology and/or episodic memory. Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins and tumor necrosis factor receptors, and hippocampal/parahippocampal edges contributed most to AD-related latent factors. Fast causal inference found protein-protein, protein-SC, and protein-pathology pathways, with seven proteins showing directional links to SC and AD-related neurodegeneration. We validated these results by identifying significant relationships between six available proteins with SC and amyloid-beta and phosphorylated tau in ADNI. We identified multivariate relationships between proteins and MTL-AT-PM networks that add to our understanding of AD pathology and suggest specific non-pathological proteins that warrant further study in relation to brain networks and AD pathology as possible therapeutic targets."
3668,brain tumour,39079907,Neuroimaging features of non-germinomatous germ cell tumour with subtle pineal gland involvement in a child.,No abstract found
3669,brain tumour,39079829,"Treatment-related Adverse Events, Including Fatal Toxicities, in Patients With Extensive-stage Small-cell Lung Cancer Receiving Adjuvant Programmed Cell Death 1/Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Inhibitors: A Meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.",The safety profile of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors when associated with chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer is still not fully unraveled.
3670,brain tumour,39079563,Irradiated tumor cell-released microparticles enhance the therapeutic efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors by promoting M1-TAMs polarization in NSCLC brain metastases.,"Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common sites of metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, BMs are not responsive to immunotherapy because of the blood-brain barrier. This is because intracranial immune cells such as M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) accumulate, creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this study, we focused on irradiated tumor cell-released microparticles (RT-MPs) that can cross the blood-brain barrier and influence the intracranial immune microenvironment. Using animal models of BMs, we observed that RT-MPs could penetrate the blood-brain barrier and be swallowed by TAMs. Then the microenvironment of TAMs is shifted from the M2 phenotype to the M1 phenotype, thereby modulating the interactions between TAMs and tumor cells. Single-cell sequencing analysis demonstrated that TAMs, after internalizing RT-MPs, active chemokine signaling pathways and secrete more chemokines, such as CCL5, CXCL2, CXCL1, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL22, attracting more CD4"
3671,brain tumour,39079422,Activity Measure for Post-Acute care (AM-PAC) scores predict Short and Long-Term outcomes following glioblastoma resection.,"Glioblastoma patients may develop functional deficits post-operatively that affect activities of daily living and result in worse outcomes. The Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) instrument assigns patients basic mobility and daily activity scores, but it is unknown if these scores correlate with post-operative outcomes in glioblastoma patients."
3672,brain tumour,39079409,Multi-objective Bayesian optimization with enhanced features for adaptively improved glioblastoma partitioning and survival prediction.,"Glioblastoma, an aggressive brain tumor prevalent in adults, exhibits heterogeneity in its microstructures and vascular patterns. The delineation of its subregions could facilitate the development of region-targeted therapies. However, current unsupervised learning techniques for this task face challenges in reliability due to fluctuations of clustering algorithms, particularly when processing data from diverse patient cohorts. Furthermore, stable clustering results do not guarantee clinical meaningfulness. To establish the clinical relevance of these subregions, we will perform survival predictions using radiomic features extracted from them. Following this, achieving a balance between outcome stability and clinical relevance presents a significant challenge, further exacerbated by the extensive time required for hyper-parameter tuning. In this study, we introduce a multi-objective Bayesian optimization (MOBO) framework, which leverages a Feature-enhanced Auto-Encoder (FAE) and customized losses to assess both the reproducibility of clustering algorithms and the clinical relevance of their outcomes. Specifically, we embed the entirety of these processes within the MOBO framework, modeling both using distinct Gaussian Processes (GPs). The proposed MOBO framework can automatically balance the trade-off between the two criteria by employing bespoke stability and clinical significance losses. Our approach efficiently optimizes all hyper-parameters, including the FAE architecture and clustering parameters, within a few steps. This not only accelerates the process but also consistently yields robust MRI subregion delineations and provides survival predictions with strong statistical validation."
3673,brain tumour,39079407,Framework nucleic acid-based nanoparticles enhance temozolomide sensitivity in glioblastoma.,O
3674,brain tumour,39079345,Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome reveal potential molecular mechanisms of lung cancer brain metastasis.,"Lung cancer is a highly aggressive and prevalent disease worldwide. By the time it is first diagnosed, distant metastases have usually already occurred. Among them, the prognosis of patients with brain metastasis from lung cancer is very poor. Therefore, it is particularly important to identify the evolutionary status of tumor cells during lung cancer brain metastases and discover the underlying mechanisms of lung cancer brain metastases."
3675,brain tumour,39079287,"Surgical resection of glioblastoma in the very elderly: An analysis of survival outcomes using the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database.","Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) often undergo surgery to prolong survival. However, the use of surgery, and more specifically achieving gross total resection (GTR), in patients >80 years old has yet to be fully assessed. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we aim to assess the efficacy of surgical resection, radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) on overall survival (OS) in very elderly GBM patients compared to elderly counterparts (age 65-79 years)."
3676,brain tumour,39078737,A simple and scalable zebrafish model of Sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma.,"Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children and is stratified into three major subgroups. The Sonic hedgehog (SHH) subgroup represents ∼30% of all MB cases and has significant survival disparity depending upon TP53 status. Here, we describe a zebrafish model of SHH MB using CRISPR to create mutant ptch1, the primary genetic driver of human SHH MB. In these animals, tumors rapidly arise in the cerebellum and resemble human SHH MB by histology and comparative onco-genomics. Similar to human patients, MB tumors with loss of both ptch1 and tp53 have aggressive tumor histology and significantly worse survival outcomes. The simplicity and scalability of the ptch1-crispant MB model makes it highly amenable to CRISPR-based genome-editing screens to identify genes required for SHH MB tumor formation in vivo, and here we identify the gene encoding Grk3 kinase as one such target."
3677,brain tumour,39078543,Age-independent benefits of postoperative rehabilitation during chemoradiotherapy on functional outcomes and survival in patients with glioblastoma.,"To investigate the impact of early and continuous postoperative inpatient rehabilitation during chemoradiotherapy on functional outcomes and overall survival (OS) in patients with glioblastoma (GBM), particularly in different age groups."
3678,brain tumour,39078542,Comparative efficacy and safety of sodium fluorescein-guided surgery versus standard white light for resection of brain metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Recent studies have investigated if the sodium fluorescein-guided (SFg) improves the extent of resection of BMs when compared to standard white light (sWL). Therefore, we aimed to assess the comparative efficacy and safety of SFg and sWL for resection of BMs."
3679,brain tumour,39078448,Chromosome 7 Gain Compensates for Chromosome 10 Loss in Glioma.,"The co-occurrence of chromosome 10 loss and chromosome 7 gain in gliomas is the most frequent loss-gain co-aneuploidy pair in human cancers. This phenomenon has been investigated since the late 1980s without resolution. Expanding beyond previous gene-centric studies, we investigated the co-occurrence in a genome-wide manner, taking an evolutionary perspective. Mining of large-scale tumor aneuploidy data confirmed the previous finding of a small-scale longitudinal study that the most likely order is chromosome 10 loss, followed by chromosome 7 gain. Extensive analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data from both patients and cell lines revealed that this co-occurrence can be explained by functional rescue interactions that are highly enriched on chromosome 7, which could potentially compensate for any detrimental consequences arising from the loss of chromosome 10. Transcriptomic data from various normal, noncancerous human brain tissues were analyzed to assess which tissues may be most predisposed to tolerate compensation of chromosome 10 loss by chromosome 7 gain. The analysis indicated that the preexisting transcriptomic states in the cortex and frontal cortex, where gliomas arise, are more favorable than other brain regions for compensation by rescuer genes that are active on chromosome 7. Collectively, these findings suggest that the phenomenon of chromosome 10 loss and chromosome 7 gain in gliomas is orchestrated by a complex interaction of many genes residing within these two chromosomes and provide a plausible reason why this co-occurrence happens preferentially in cancers originating in certain regions of the brain.  Significance: Increased expression of multiple rescuer genes on the gained chromosome 7 could compensate for the downregulation of several vulnerable genes on the lost chromosome 10, resolving the long-standing mystery of this frequent co-occurrence in gliomas."
3680,brain tumour,39078440,Clinical and pathological analyses of 14 cases of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma.,"Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a soft tissue tumor of uncertain differentiation. Although its prognosis is good, its diagnosis and differential diagnosis remain a challenge, particularly for tumors with an atypical morphology. We evaluated the clinicopathological characteristics of 14 AFH cases and examined the key factors in its diagnosis or differential diagnosis. The cohort comprised 6 men and 8 women aged 9-65 years (average age: 31.2 years). Most of the tumors (11/14, 79%) were located in soft tissues, whereas 3/14 (21%) were located in the lung (1 case) and brain (2 cases). Tumor cells were spindle-shaped to epithelioid, with a visible fibrous capsule (9/14, 64%), hemorrhagic gap (9/14, 64%), lymphocyte sleeve (7/14, 50%), necrosis (3/14, 21%), and infiltrative boundary (4/14, 29%). The tumors expressed desmin (10/14, 71%) and exhibited low levels of Ki-67. 13 cases (93%) displayed ESWSR1 gene rearrangement. At follow-up, 1 case (7%) experienced local tumor recurrence. AFH is a rare intermediate tumor. Its pathological diagnosis requires a comprehensive analysis of histological, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic features to avoid misdiagnosis. Our study has further enriched the histological features of AFH, emphasizing the importance of differential diagnosis and providing a reference for clinical practice."
3681,brain tumour,39078370,Targeted cancer therapy: the initial high concentration may slow down the selection for resistance.,"Unfortunately, any targeted therapy is, always, started with low levels of the drug in the organism, selecting for drug resistance. One should propose that initial drug levels must be maximized, and durations may be minimized, ideally, as portions of preemptive combination of targeted drugs."
3682,brain tumour,39078275,Dietary bitter ginger-derived zerumbone improved memory performance during aging through inhibition of the PERK/CHOP-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway.,"PERK/CHOP pathway-mediated excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is closely linked to aging-related cognitive impairment (ARCD). Zerumbone (ZB), a naturally occurring sesquiterpene molecule obtained from dietary bitter ginger, has garnered significant interest due to its diverse range of biological properties. It is unclear, though, if ZB can reduce ARCD by preventing ER stress that is dependent on the PERK/CHOP pathway. Here, the PERK-CHOP ER stress pathway was the main focus of an evaluation of the effects and mechanisms of ZB for attenuating ARCD in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging mice and SH-SY5Y cells. According to our findings, ZB not only greatly decreased neuronal impairment both "
3683,brain tumour,39078079,Interventions facilitating the involvement of relatives of patients with acquired brain injury or malignant brain tumour: A scoping review.,To identify and map the evidence on interventions facilitating the involvement of relatives of patients with an acquired brain injury (ABI) or a malignant brain tumour (MBT).
3684,brain tumour,39077968,Modeling Radiologists' Assessments to Explore Pairing Strategies for Optimized Double Reading of Screening Mammograms.,To develop a model that simulates radiologist assessments and use it to explore whether pairing readers based on their individual performance characteristics could optimize screening performance.
3685,brain tumour,39077892,Identification of the Clinical Candidate ,Mutant BRAF
3686,brain tumour,39077863,The role of immunotherapy in patients with lung cancer and brain metastases: a narrative review of the literature.,"Worldwide, approximately half of the patients diagnosed with lung cancer (LC) will develop, simultaneously or asynchronously, brain metastases (BMs). The existence of BMs negatively affects the quality of life and constitutes a poor prognostic factor, linked with high mortality. Locoregional therapy with surgery or radiation is, until now, the treatment of choice, especially for symptomatic patients; however, both options are linked to a high complication rate. The question arising here is whether, in asymptomatic patients, the benefit outweighs the risk and whether an alternative method can be used to treat this special category of patients. Over the last decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have represented a major breakthrough in the field of oncology, and several molecules have been approved as a treatment option for LC. This review tried to analyze the tumor microenvironment of both the primary lung tumor and the BMs in order to evaluate the intracranial activity of ICIs, outline the main challenges of including these agents in the treatment of LC with BMs, highlight the available information from the main clinical trials, and mark the potential positive effect of choosing a combination therapy. In conclusion, it appears that immunotherapy has a positive effect, inhibiting the progression of BMs, but more data should be published specifically for this category of patients."
3687,brain tumour,39077759,"A novel approach to brain tumor detection using K-Means++, SGLDM, ResNet50, and synthetic data augmentation.",
3688,brain tumour,39077551,Potential of sonobiopsy as a novel diagnosis tool for brain cancer.,"Brain tumors have a poor prognosis. Early, accurate diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Although brain surgical biopsy can provide an accurate diagnosis, it is highly invasive and risky and is not suitable for follow-up examination. Blood-based liquid biopsies have a low detection rate of tumor biomarkers and limited evaluation ability due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is composed of brain capillary endothelial cells through tight junctions, which prevents the release of brain tumor markers to the human peripheral circulation, making it more difficult to diagnose, predict prognosis, and evaluate therapeutic response through brain tumor markers than other tumors. Focused ultrasound (FUS)-enabled liquid biopsy (sonobiopsy) is an emerging technique using FUS to promote the release of tumor markers into the circulatory system and cerebrospinal fluid, thus facilitating tumor detection. The feasibility and safety data from both animal models and clinical trials support sonobiopsy as a great potential in the diagnosis of brain diseases."
3689,brain tumour,39077361,Inflammatory Reprogramming Mediates Changes in Three-Dimensional Strain Capacity and Cardiac Function in Beagle Dogs with Doxorubicin-Related Cardiomyopathy.,"The cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) limits its use in cancer treatment. To address this limitation, we developed a novel animal model that uses beagle dogs to investigate DOX-induced cardiac disorders. Unfortunately, the lack of effective cardioprotection strategies against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity poses a significant challenge. To establish a canine model for low-mortality DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction and explore the relationship between inflammatory reprogramming and DOX-related cardiotoxicity."
3690,brain tumour,39077292,Unilateral Hemispheric Hyperperfusion in Intravascular Large B-cell Lymphoma.,"The diagnosis of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is often challenging owing to its nonspecific clinical manifestations and imaging findings. Herein, we present a rare case of IVLBCL in which seizure was the initial symptom, and unilateral hemispheric hyperperfusion on arterial spin labeling (ASL) was the only abnormal finding observed on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A 68-year-old male with a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes was transferred to the emergency room owing to the sudden onset of altered consciousness and abnormal behavior. Upon arrival, the patient was disoriented and confused, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed pleocytosis and elevated protein level. Even after the administration of acyclovir and antiepileptic drugs, his consciousness remained impaired, with repeated transient right hemiparesis indicating a focal seizure. The initial and follow-up MRI scans showed no obvious abnormalities in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), T2-weighted imaging, or susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI); however, ASL revealed markedly increased blood flow to the left hemisphere. Subsequently, the rapid elevation of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels after admission led to the diagnosis of IVLBCL by random skin biopsy and bone marrow examination. Despite the initiation of chemotherapy, the patient developed tumor lysis syndrome and succumbed to multiple organ failure. This case underscores the importance of considering IVLBCL in adult patients with refractory seizures and highlights the potential utility of ASL on MRI for early diagnosis."
3691,brain tumour,39076248,Targeted opening of the blood-brain barrier facilitates doxorubicin/anti-PD-1-based chemoimmunotherapy of glioblastoma.,"Doxorubicin is a prototypical inducer of immunogenic cell death (ICD) that sensitizes to subsequent immunotherapy by PD-1 blockade. However, this systemic drug combination fails against glioblastoma, hidden behind the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A recent work delineates a biophysical method for BBB permeabilization that yields effective preclinical effects of chemoimmunotherapy."
3692,brain tumour,39076247,Selective lysis of acute myeloid leukemia cells by CD34/CD3 bispecific antibody through the activation of γδ T-cells.,"Despite the considerable progress in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment, relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is still frequent and associated with a poor prognosis. Relapse has been shown to be correlated with an incomplete eradication of CD34+ leukemic stem cells prior to HSCT. Previously, we have shown that a novel CD34-directed, bispecific T-cell engager (BTE) can efficiently redirect the T-cell effector function toward cancer cells, thus eliminating leukemic cells "
3693,brain tumour,39076120,TIPRL Regulates Stemness and Survival in Lung Cancer Stem Cells through CaMKK2-CaMK4-CREB Feedback Loop Activation.,"Frequent recurrence and metastasis caused by cancer stem cells (CSCs) are major challenges in lung cancer treatment. Therefore, identifying and characterizing specific CSC targets are crucial for the success of prospective targeted therapies. In this study, it is found that upregulated TOR Signaling Pathway Regulator-Like (TIPRL) in lung CSCs causes sustained activation of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) signaling pathway by binding to CaMKK2, thereby maintaining stemness and survival. CaMKK2-mediated activation of CaM kinase 4 (CaMK4) leads to phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) at Ser129 and Ser133, which is necessary for its maximum activation and the downstream constitutive expression of its target genes (Bcl2 and HMG20A). TIPRL depletion sensitizes lung CSCs to afatinib-induced cell death and reduces distal metastasis of lung cancer in vivo. It is determined that CREB activates the transcription of TIPRL in lung CSCs. The positive feedback loop consisting of CREB and TIPRL induces the sustained activation of the CaMKK2-CaMK4-CREB axis as a driving force and upregulates the expression of stemness- and survival-related genes, promoting tumorigenesis in patients with lung cancer. Thus, TIPRL and the CaMKK2 signaling axis may be promising targets for overcoming drug resistance and reducing metastasis in lung cancer."
3694,brain tumour,39075954,Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Associated with L-Asparaginase Treatment in Children: Literature Review and Six Case Reports.,"L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) is an enzyme that shows targeted activity against Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and similar lymphoid neoplasms by facilitating the breakdown of asparagine into L-aspartic acid, thereby reducing L-asparagine levels in leukemic cells. However, its therapeutic potential is hindered by its associated toxicity, leading to complications, such as thrombosis, hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, fibrinolysis, hypersensitivity reactions, and the development of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES). This review compiles documented cases of PRES linked to treating B and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children using L-ASNase. Although this pathology is rare, understanding its management is crucial within ASNase-based chemotherapy protocols. As PRES lacks a specific treatment, focusing on symptomatic management becomes pivotal. Therefore, comprehending the underlying causes during L-ASNase treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia is essential. Understanding the etiology and clinical symptoms of this illness is critical for early diagnosis and treatment. The cases of PRES described in this review include instances in which this syndrome has appeared after the administration of L-ASNase in children. In some cases, PRES developed during induction therapy, while in others, it occurred during the reinduction phase. These cases resolved days after discontinuation of L-ASNase. The findings suggest a close relationship between drug administration and the appearance of brain lesions, as evidenced by the disappearance or decrease of these lesions when the drug was eliminated from the bloodstream."
3695,brain tumour,39075894,T cell interactions with microglia in immune-inflammatory processes of ischemic stroke.,"The primary mechanism of secondary injury after cerebral ischemia may be the brain inflammation that emerges after an ischemic stroke, which promotes neuronal death and inhibits nerve tissue regeneration. As the first immune cells to be activated after an ischemic stroke, microglia play an important immunomodulatory role in the progression of the condition. After an ischemic stroke, peripheral blood immune cells (mainly T cells) are recruited to the central nervous system by chemokines secreted by immune cells in the brain, where they interact with central nervous system cells (mainly microglia) to trigger a secondary neuroimmune response. This review summarizes the interactions between T cells and microglia in the immune-inflammatory processes of ischemic stroke. We found that, during ischemic stroke, T cells and microglia demonstrate a more pronounced synergistic effect. Th1, Th17, and M1 microglia can co-secrete pro-inflammatory factors, such as interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β, to promote neuroinflammation and exacerbate brain injury. Th2, Treg, and M2 microglia jointly secrete anti-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-4, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor-β, to inhibit the progression of neuroinflammation, as well as growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor to promote nerve regeneration and repair brain injury. Immune interactions between microglia and T cells influence the direction of the subsequent neuroinflammation, which in turn determines the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients. Clinical trials have been conducted on the ways to modulate the interactions between T cells and microglia toward anti-inflammatory communication using the immunosuppressant fingolimod or overdosing with Treg cells to promote neural tissue repair and reduce the damage caused by ischemic stroke. However, such studies have been relatively infrequent, and clinical experience is still insufficient. In summary, in ischemic stroke, T cell subsets and activated microglia act synergistically to regulate inflammatory progression, mainly by secreting inflammatory factors. In the future, a key research direction for ischemic stroke treatment could be rooted in the enhancement of anti-inflammatory factor secretion by promoting the generation of Th2 and Treg cells, along with the activation of M2-type microglia. These approaches may alleviate neuroinflammation and facilitate the repair of neural tissues."
3696,brain tumour,39075879,Fast Metabolic Glycan Labeling for Click-Labeling and Imaging of Sialoglycans in Living Acute Brain Slices from Mice and Human Patients.,"Living acute brain slices provide a practical platform for imaging sialylation in human brain pathology. However, the limited lifespan of acute brain slices has impeded the use of metabolic glycan labeling (MGL), which requires long-term incubation of clickable unnatural sugars such as "
3697,brain tumour,39075851,Sodium alginate hydrogel encapsulating microglia cell lysate subjected to serum starvation for mitigating glioma cells.,"Glioma is the most common malignant tumor in the brain, accounting for over 80% of all primary intracranial tumors. The current clinical treatment has shown certain limitations. Although M1 type microglia can secrete various pro-inflammatory cytokines and are expected to be used for glioma treatment, direct use of microglia may lead to overactivation and trigger immune storms. Therefore, we first found that serum starvation can stimulate the transformation of microglia into M1 type. Subsequently, we found through comparative experiments that the inhibitory effect of microglial cell lysis medium on glioma cells was stronger than that of microglial cell culture medium. Finally, we successfully prepared sodium alginate hydrogel loaded with microglia lysis solution to achieve sustained inhibitory effect on the growth of glioma and avoid its proliferation."
3698,brain tumour,39075663,Retained PAX2 expression associated with DNA mismatch repair deficiency in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma.,"Loss of expression of tumour suppressor PAX2 and MMR deficiency (dMMR) has been frequently seen in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EEC). However, the relationship between PAX2 expression and MMR status is unknown."
3699,brain tumour,39075640,A novel ARHGAP family gene signature for survival prediction in glioma patients.,"ARHGAP family genes are often used as glioma oncogenic factors, and their mechanism of action remains unexplained. Our research entailed a thorough examination of the immune microenvironment and enrichment pathways across various glioma subtypes. A distinctive 6-gene signature was developed employing the CGGA cohort, leading to insights into the disparities in clinical characteristics, mutation patterns, and immune cell infiltration among distinct risk categories. Additionally, a unique nomogram was established, grounded on ARHGAPs, with DCA curves illustrating the model's prospective clinical utility in guiding therapeutic strategies. Emphasizing the role of ARHGAP30, integral to our model, its impact on glioma severity and the credibility of our risk assessment model were substantiated through RT-qPCR, Western blot analysis, and cellular functional assays. We identified 6 ARHGAP family genes associated with glioma prognosis. Analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method indicated a correlation between elevated risk levels and adverse outcomes in glioma patients. The risk score, linked with tumour staging and IDH mutation status, emerged as an independent factor predicting prognosis. Patients in the high-risk category exhibited increased immune cell infiltration, enhanced tumour mutational burden, more pronounced expression of immune checkpoint genes, and a better response to ICB therapy. A nomogram, integrating the risk score with the pathological features of glioma patients, was developed. DCA analysis and cellular studies confirmed the model's potential to improve clinical treatment outcomes for patients. A novel ARHGAP family gene signature reveals the prognosis of glioma."
3700,brain tumour,39075626,Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction and the role of cardiovascular imaging: systemic review and opinion paper from the Working Group on Cardio-Oncology of the Korean Society of Cardiology.,"Cardio-oncology is a critical field due to the escalating significance of cardiovascular toxicity as a side effect of anticancer treatments. Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is a prevalent condition associated with cardiovascular toxicity, necessitating effective strategies for prediction, monitoring, management, and tracking. This comprehensive review examines the definition and risk stratification of CTRCD, explores monitoring approaches during anticancer therapy, and highlights specific cardiovascular toxicities linked to various cancer treatments. These include anthracyclines, HER2-targeted agents, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes therapies. Incorporating the Korean data, this review offers insights into the regional nuances in managing CTRCD. Using systematic follow-up incorporating cardiovascular imaging and biomarkers, a better understanding and management of CTRCD can be achieved, optimizing the cardiovascular health of both cancer patients and survivors."
3701,brain tumour,39075517,HMGB1/TREM2 positive feedback loop drives the development of radioresistance and immune escape of glioblastoma by regulating TLR4/Akt signaling.,"Radioresistance and immune escape are crucial reasons for unsatisfactory therapeutic effects of glioblastoma (GBM). Although triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) involved in forming immunosuppressive microenvironment, but the underlying mechanism and its roles in mediating cancer radioresistance remain unclear, moreover, the efficient delivery of drugs targeting TREM2 to GBM encounters serious challenges. Hence, this study aimed to elucidate the effect and mechanisms of targeted TREM2 silencing on reversing the radioresistance and immune escape of GBM aided by a glutathione-responsive biomimetic nanoparticle (NP) platform."
3702,brain tumour,39075298,Brain Tumor-Radiology and Data System (BT-RADS)-an imperfect system but a worthwhile start.,No abstract found
3703,brain tumour,39075270,Machine-learning and scRNA-Seq-based diagnostic and prognostic models illustrating survival and therapy response of lung adenocarcinoma.,"Lung cancer is a major cause accounting for cancer-related mortalities, with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) being the most prevalent subtype. Given the high clinical and cellular heterogeneities of LUAD, accurate diagnosis and prognosis are crucial to avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Taking full advantage of scRNA-Seq data to resolve the tumor heterogeneities, we explored the overall landscape of LUAD microenvironment. Utilizing the stage-specific tumor cell markers, we have developed highly accurate diagnostic and prognostic models with elevated sensitivity and specificity. The diagnostic model, developed through random forest algorithms with a thirteen-gene signature, achieved an accuracy of 96.4% and an AUC of 0.993. These metrics were further demonstrated by benchmarking with available models and scoring systems in independent cohorts. Concurrently, the prognostic model, formulated via Cox regression with a six-gene signature, effectively predicted overall survival, with elevated risk scores associated with increased fractions of cancer-associated fibroblasts, and higher likelihood of immune escape and T-cell exclusion. Subsequently, two nomograms were developed to predict survival and drug responses, facilitating their integration into clinical practice. Overall, this study underscores the potential of our models for efficient, rapid, and cost-effective diagnosis and prognosis of LUAD, adaptable to multiple expression profiling platforms and quantification methods."
3704,brain tumour,39075190,Caspase-4 in glioma indicates deterioration and unfavorable prognosis by affecting tumor cell proliferation and immune cell recruitment.,"Gliomas are the most common malignant tumors of the central nervous system, accounting for approximately 80% of all malignant brain tumors. Accumulating evidence suggest that pyroptosis plays an essential role in the progression of cancer. Unfortunately, the effect of the pyroptosis-related factor caspase-4 (CASP4) on immunotherapy and drug therapy for tumors has not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, we systematically screened six hub genes by pooling differential pyroptosis-related genes in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) glioma data and the degree of centrality of index-related genes in the protein-protein interaction network. We performed functional and pathway enrichment analyses of the six hub genes to explore their biological functions and potential molecular mechanisms. We then investigated the importance of CASP4 using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of glioma patients. TCGA and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases showed that reduced CASP4 expression leads to the potent clinical deterioration of glioma patients. Computational analysis of the effect of CASP4 on the infiltration level and recruitment of glioma immune cells revealed that CASP4 expression was closely associated with a series of tumor-suppressive immune checkpoint molecules, chemokines, and chemokine receptors. We also found that aberrant CASP4 expression correlated with chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. Finally, analysis at the cellular and tissue levels indicated an increase in CASP4 expression in glioma, and that CASP4 inhibition significantly inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells. Thus, CASP4 is implicated as a new prognostic biomarker for gliomas with the potential to further guide immunotherapy and chemotherapy strategies for glioma patients."
3705,brain tumour,39075053,CHIP-mediated ubiquitin degradation of BCAT1 regulates glioma cell proliferation and temozolomide sensitivity.,"Glioma, a malignant and infiltrative neoplasm of the central nervous system, poses a significant threat due to its high mortality rates. Branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1), a key enzyme in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism, exhibits elevated expression in gliomas and correlates strongly with poor prognosis. Nonetheless, the regulatory mechanisms underlying this increased BCAT1 expression remains incompletely understood. In this study, we reveal that ubiquitination at Lys360 facilitates BCAT1 degradation, with low ubiquitination levels contributing to high BCAT1 expression in glioma cells. The Carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, interacts with BCAT1 via its coiled-coil (CC) domain, promoting its K48-linkage ubiquitin degradation through proteasomal pathway. Moreover, CHIP-mediated BCAT1 degradation induces metabolic reprogramming, and impedes glioma cell proliferation and tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, a positive correlation is observed between low CHIP expression, elevated BCAT1 levels, and unfavorable prognosis among glioma patients. Additionally, we show that the CHIP/BCAT1 axis enhances glioma sensitivity to temozolomide by reducing glutathione (GSH) synthesis and increasing oxidative stress. These findings underscore the critical role of CHIP/BCAT1 axis in glioma cell proliferation and temozolomide sensitivity, highlighting its potential as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in glioma treatment."
3706,brain tumour,39074966,Nanocarriers for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme: A succinct review of conventional and repositioned drugs in the last decade.,"Glioblastoma multiforme is a very combative and threatening type of cancer. The standard course of treatment involves excising the tumor surgically, then administering chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Because of the presence of the blood-brain barrier and the unique characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, chemotherapy is extremely difficult and has a high incidence of relapse. With their capacity to precisely target and transport therapeutic medications to the tumor while overcoming the challenges provided by invasive and infiltrative gliomas, nanocarriers offer a potentially beneficial treatment option for gliomas. Drug repositioning or, in other words, finding novel therapeutic uses for medications that have received approval for previous uses has also recently emerged to provide alternative treatments for many diseases, with glioblastoma being among them. In this article, our goal is to shed light on the pathogenesis of glioma and summarize the proposed treatment approaches in the last decade, highlighting how combining repositioned drugs and nanocarriers technology can reduce drug resistance and improve therapeutic efficacy in primary glioma."
3707,brain tumour,39074952,Deep Learning-Based Techniques in Glioma Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Multi-Parametric MRI: A Review on Clinical Applications and Future Outlooks.,"This comprehensive review explores the role of deep learning (DL) in glioma segmentation using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. The study surveys advanced techniques such as multiparametric MRI for capturing the complex nature of gliomas. It delves into the integration of DL with MRI, focusing on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and their remarkable capabilities in tumor segmentation. Clinical applications of DL-based segmentation are highlighted, including treatment planning, monitoring treatment response, and distinguishing between tumor progression and pseudo-progression. Furthermore, the review examines the evolution of DL-based segmentation studies, from early CNN models to recent advancements such as attention mechanisms and transformer models. Challenges in data quality, gradient vanishing, and model interpretability are discussed. The review concludes with insights into future research directions, emphasizing the importance of addressing tumor heterogeneity, integrating genomic data, and ensuring responsible deployment of DL-driven healthcare technologies. EVIDENCE LEVEL: N/A TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2."
3708,brain tumour,39074938,Unilateral mydriasis as a first presentation of pituitary macroadenoma.,No abstract found
3709,brain tumour,39074356,Melatonin as a radioprotective agent against flattening filter and flattening filter-free beam in radiotherapy-induced lung tissue damage.,"Radiotherapy is a widely used treatment method in oncology, applied by delivering high-energy particles or waves to the tumor tissue. Although tumor cells are targeted with radiotherapy, it can cause acute or long-term damage to healthy tissues. Therefore, the preservation of healthy tissues has been an important subject of various scientific researches. Melatonin has been shown to have a radioprotective effect on many tissues and organs such as liver, parotid gland, brain, and testicles. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of melatonin against the radiation at various doses and rates administered to the lung tissue of healthy mice."
3710,brain tumour,39074166,Primary spinal cord gliomas: Pathologic features associated with prognosis.,"Primary spinal cord gliomas are rare and are associated with high mortality. Unlike brain tumors, the clinicopathological features of spinal cord gliomas are not well defined. We analyzed clinical, histopathology, and immunohistochemical features and overall survival (OS) of 25 patients with primary spinal cord gliomas treated between 1994 and 2023 at 4 institutions. IDH1 R132H, H3K27M, and p53 were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Four (16%), 5 (20%), 2 (8%), and 13 (52%) patients were diagnosed as having grades 1, 2, 3, and 4 gliomas according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 classification, respectively. One case (4%), with a circumscribed diffuse midline glioma, H3K27-altered, had a rare molecular profile and could not be graded. IHC demonstrated H3K27M positivity, indicative of H3F3A K27M or HIST1H3B K27M mutation, in 9 (36%) patients. H3K27me3-loss was evident in 13 (52%) patients. In one patient with a grade 1 tumor that showed negative staining for H3K27M and H3K27me3 loss, numbers of EZHIP-positive cells were increased, suggesting diffuse midline glioma, H3K27-altered (WHO grade 4). H3K27me3 loss, frequency of p53 positive cells (≥10%), MIB-1 index (≥10%), and high histopathological grades significantly correlated with poor OS. These results indicate the pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of primary spinal cord gliomas that impact prognosis."
3711,brain tumour,39073864,In their own words: advice from parents of children with cancer.,"Approximately 770 children are diagnosed with cancer in Australia every year. Research has explored their experiences and developed recommendations for improving support provided to families. These have included the provision of psychology services, improved communication between healthcare professionals and parents, and increased information for families."
3712,brain tumour,39073785,SNO-EANO-EURACAN consensus on management of pineal parenchymal tumors.,"Pineal parenchymal tumors are rare neoplasms for which evidence-based treatment recommendations are lacking. These tumors vary in biology, clinical characteristics, and prognosis, requiring treatment that ranges from surgical resection alone to intensive multimodal antineoplastic therapy. Recently, international collaborative studies have shed light on the genomic landscape of these tumors, leading to refinement in molecular-based disease classification in the 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize the literature on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and suggest pragmatic recommendations for the clinical management of patients presenting with intrinsic pineal region masses including parenchymal tumors (pineocytoma, pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation, and pineoblastoma), pineal cyst, and papillary tumors of the pineal region."
3713,brain tumour,39073756,Dual Adjuvant-Loaded Peptide Antigen Self-Assembly Potentiates Dendritic Cell-Mediated Tumor Immunotherapy.,"Clinical translation of current cancer vaccine research has been hampered by limited antitumor immune responses due to inefficient antigen delivery and presentation, suboptimal DC and T cell activation. Biomaterial-based nanovaccine offers targeted antigen delivery, protection from degradation in vivo, and prolonged tumor therapeutic efficacy. This study introduces a lipid-coated deoxycholic acid-survivin nanoassembly (DA-L-DSA). Survivin, overexpressed in several cancer cells and involved in cancer cell growth and immune evasion, is selected as a tumor-associated antigen. An major histocompatibility complex class I binding epitope of survivin is engineered into the nanoassembly. R848, TLR 7/8 agonist, and SD-208, TGF-beta receptor1 kinase inhibitor, are coencapsulated into the nanoassembly as potent adjuvants to boost DC maturation and enhance antigen presentation. The DA-L-DSA effectively stimulates the maturation of dendritic cells, migrates into lymph nodes, and enhances T-cell activation and Th1 response. A substantial influx of cytotoxic T lymphocytes into primary tumors is observed in a murine melanoma model and demonstrates anti-metastatic effects in a spontaneous breast cancer metastasis model. Furthermore, DA-L-DSA exhibits a remarkable synergistic effect in the combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors alleviating immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Taken together, these findings suggest DA-L-DSA as a promising immuno-therapeutic platform that could be applicable to diverse intractable cancers."
3714,brain tumour,39073721,Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor with distinct neuronal and glial components but identical diagnostic molecular and genetic features.,"The 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of the central nervous system (CNS) tumors has classified diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT) as a mixed neuronal and glial tumor. Here, we report a DLGNT with two distinct morphological tumor components but identical molecular features. A four-year-old female child presented with progressive right upper extremity weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the leptomeningeal enhancement over the brain stem and cervicothoracic spine. The histological examination of surgical specimens revealed two distinct tumor components: approximately half of the tumor is composed of oligodendroglioma-like tumor intermingled with nodules of ganglioglioma-like tumor. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the oligodendroglioma and ganglioglioma features. The molecular genetic studies demonstrated the features of DLGNT, including fusion of KIAA1549::BRAF, deletion of chromosome 1p, and absence of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) mutation in both tumor components. Interestingly, the genetic studies also revealed the distinct chromosomal abnormalities of the loss of chromosome 4 only in oligodendroglioma-like tumor and copy neutral loss of heterozygosity of 7Q34Q36.3 in the ganglioglioma-like tumor component. This case highlights the critical role of molecular testing in the diagnosis of rare cases of DLGNT with diverse morphological components as well as in the identification of unique molecular alternations responsible for morphological phenotypes of the distinct tumors in DLGNT."
3715,brain tumour,39073688,FOSL2-mediated transcription of ISG20 induces M2 polarization of macrophages and enhances tumorigenic ability of glioblastoma cells.,Interferon stimulated exonuclease gene 20 (ISG20) has been reported to be correlated with macrophage infiltration in glioblastoma (GBM) in previous bioinformatics-based studies. This study explores the exact effect of ISG20 on macrophage polarization in GBM.
3716,brain tumour,39073687,Durable responses to trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with leptomeningeal metastases from breast cancer with variable HER2 expression.,Emerging data suggest that trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is an active treatment for brain metastases from HER2 + breast cancer. We aimed to characterize the activity of T-DXd in the treatment of leptomeningeal metastases (LM) from a range of HER2-altered cancers.
3717,brain tumour,39073680,Psychometric properties for Persian version Demoralization Scale-24 (DS-24) in Iranian cancer patients.,"This study focuses on the phenomenon of demoralization, a common experience among terminally ill patients, especially those diagnosed with cancer. The primary objective is to adapt and validate a practical assessment tool for demoralization, the Demoralization Scale-24 (DS-24), within the context of Iranian society."
3718,brain tumour,39073571,Human induced pluripotent stem cell/embryonic stem cell-derived pyramidal neuronal precursors show safety and efficacy in a rat spinal cord injury model.,"Nerve regeneration and circuit reconstruction remain a challenge following spinal cord injury (SCI). Corticospinal pyramidal neurons possess strong axon projection ability. In this study, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were differentiated into pyramidal neuronal precursors (PNPs) by addition of small molecule dorsomorphin into the culture. iPSC-derived PNPs were transplanted acutely into a rat contusion SCI model on the same day of injury. Following engraftment, the SCI rats showed significantly improved motor functions compared with vehicle control group as revealed by behavioral tests. Eight weeks following engraftment, the PNPs matured into corticospinal pyramidal neurons and extended axons into distant host spinal cord tissues, mostly in a caudal direction. Host neurons rostral to the lesion site also grew axons into the graft. Possible synaptic connections as a bridging relay may have been formed between host and graft-derived neurons, as indicated by pre- and post-synaptic marker staining and the regulation of chemogenetic regulatory systems. PNP graft showed an anti-inflammatory effect at the injury site and could bias microglia/macrophages towards a M2 phenotype. In addition, PNP graft was safe and no tumor formation was detected after transplantation into immunodeficient mice and SCI rats. The potential to reconstruct a neuronal relay circuitry across the lesion site and to modulate the microenvironment in SCI makes PNPs a promising cellular candidate for treatment of SCI."
3719,brain tumour,39073427,"Diffuse, IDH-wildtype gliomas in adults with minimal histological change and isolated TERT promoter mutation: not simply CNS WHO grade 4.",No abstract found
3720,brain tumour,39073416,USP9X deubiquitinates TRRAP to promote glioblastoma cell proliferation and migration and M2 macrophage polarization.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain cancer, characterized by rapid growth and invasion into surrounding brain tissue. Ubiquitin-specific protease 9X (USP9X) has emerged as a key regulator in various cancers, but its role in GBM pathogenesis remains unclear. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying USP9X modulation of GBM progression could unveil potential therapeutic targets for this deadly disease. The mRNA and protein levels were determined in GBM tissues and/or cells using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting assays, respectively. Cell migration was evaluated through wound-healing assay, while cell proliferation was measured using colony formation and CCK-8 assays. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to quantify the CD206-positive macrophages to assess M2 polarization. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays were conducted to elucidate the association between USP9X and transformation/transcription domain-associated protein (TRRAP). Cycloheximide (CHX) treatment was used to determine the impact of USP9X on TRRAP protein stabilization. Furthermore, the effect of USP9X depletion on GBM cell malignancy was validated using a xenograft mouse model. We found that USP9X expression was elevated in GBM tissues and cells. Depletion of USP9X suppressed GBM cell migration, proliferation, and M2 macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, USP9X stabilized TRRAP through the deubiquitination pathway in GBM cells, and TRRAP mitigated the effects of USP9X silencing on GBM cell malignant phenotypes and M2 macrophage polarization. Moreover, silencing of USP9X inhibited tumor formation in vivo. Together, USP9X deubiquitinated TRRAP, thereby promoting glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration, and M2 macrophage polarization. These results highlight the potential of targeting the USP9X-TRRAP axis as a therapeutic strategy for GBM."
3721,brain tumour,39073412,"Clinical application of ctDNA in early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.","Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the most common type. As understanding of precise treatment options for NSCLC deepens, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a potential biomarker that has become a research hotspot and may represent a new approach for the individualized diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC. This article reviews the applications of ctDNA for the early screening of patients with NSCLC, guiding targeted therapy and immunotherapy, evaluating chemotherapy and postoperative efficacy, assessing prognosis and monitoring recurrence. With the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of NSCLC, plasma ctDNA may become an indispensable part of the precise treatment of NSCLC, which has great clinical application prospects."
3722,brain tumour,39073252,A prospective cohort study on stereotactic radiotherapy in the management of dural recurrence of olfactory neuroblastoma.,Treatment for dural recurrence of olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is not standardized. We assess the outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in this population.
3723,brain tumour,39072940,Effectiveness and mechanisms of combined use of antioxidant nutrients in protecting against oxidative stress-induced neuronal loss and related neurological deficits.,"Oxidative stress is a well-known pathological factor driving neuronal loss and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Melatonin, coenzyme Q10 and lecithin are three common nutrients with an antioxidative capacity. Here, we examined the effectiveness of them administrated individually and in combination in protecting against oxidative stress-induced neuronal death in vitro, and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and associated deficits in vivo."
3724,brain tumour,39072902,Evaluation of the diagnostic role of radial probe endobronchial ultrasound for peripheral pulmonary lesions.,To evaluate the predictive value of echo features of radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (RP-EBUS) in the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign 1esions.
3725,brain tumour,39072726,Nerve growth factor inducible (VGF) is a secreted mediator for metastatic breast cancer tropism to the brain.,"Brain metastases are one of the most serious clinical problems in breast cancer (BC) progression, associated with lower survival rates and a lack of effective therapies. Thus, to dissect the early stages of the brain metastatic process, we studied the impact of brain organotropic BC cells' secretomes on the establishment of the brain pre-metastatic niche (PMN). We found that BC cells with specific tropism to the brain caused significant blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, as well as microglial activation, in both in vitro and in vivo models. Further, we searched for a brain-organotropic metastatic signature, as a promising source for the discovery of new biomarkers involved in brain metastatic progression. Of relevance, we identified VGF (nerve growth factor inducible) as a key mediator in this process, also impacting the BBB and microglial functions both in vitro and in vivo. In a series of human breast tumors, VGF was found to be expressed in both cancer cells and the adjacent stroma. Importantly, VGF-positive tumors showed a significantly worse prognosis and were associated with HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) overexpression and triple-negative molecular signatures. Further clinical validation in primary tumors from metastatic BC cases showed a significant association between VGF and the brain metastatic location, clearly and significantly impacting on the prognosis of BC patients with brain metastasis. In conclusion, our study reveals a unique secretome signature for BC with a tropism for the brain, highlighting VGF as a crucial mediator in this process. Furthermore, its specific impact as a poor prognostic predictor for BC patients with brain metastasis opens new avenues to target VGF to control the progression of brain metastatic disease. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland."
3726,brain tumour,39072610,Ocular adnexal sebaceous carcinoma in a patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome.,Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is caused by a pathogenic germline variant at the 
3727,brain tumour,39072567,[Patients with long-term survival in malignant gliomas after photodynamic therapy].,Analysis of long-lived patients from the group of patients with glioblastomas after using photodynamic therapy in the structure of their complex treatment in order to assess the influence of various factors on their life expectancy.
3728,brain tumour,39072405,Transplantation of miR-193b-3p-Transfected BMSCs Improves Neurological Impairment after Traumatic Brain Injury through S1PR3-Mediated Regulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway.,"The aim of the present study was to explore the molecular mechanisms by which miR-193b-3p-trans-fected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation improves neurological impairment after traumatic brain injury (TBI) through sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3)-mediated regulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway at the cellular and animal levels. BMSCs were transfected with miR-193b-3p. A TBI cell model was established by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced HT22 cells, and a TBI animal model was established by controlled cortical impact (CCI). Cell apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), and cell activity was detected by a cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay. Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the expression of related proteins and genes. In this study, transfection of miR-193b-3p into BMSCs significantly enhanced BMSCs proliferation and differentiation. Transfection of miR-193b-3p reduced the levels of the interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inflammatory factors in cells and mouse models, and it inhibited neuronal apoptosis, which alleviated OGD-induced HT22 cell damage and neural function damage in TBI mice. Downstream experiments showed that miR-193b-3p targeting negatively regulated the expression of S1PR3, promoted the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and inhibited the levels of apoptosis and inflammatory factors, which subsequently improved OGD-induced neuronal cell damage and nerve function damage in TBI mice. However, S1PR3 overexpression or inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway using the IN-2 inhibitor weakened the protective effect of miR-193b-3p-transfected BMSCs on HT22 cells. Transplantation of miR-193b-3p-transfected BMSCs inhibits neurological injury and improves the progression of TBI in mice through S1PR3-mediated regulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway."
3729,brain tumour,39070833,Percutaneous cervical cordotomy for managing refractory pain in a patient with a Pancoast tumor: A case report.,"According to the World Health Organization analgesic ladder, cancer-related pain generally begins with pharmacotherapy in a stepwise approach. Nevertheless, some patients continue to experience poorly controlled pain despite medications, particularly when considering adverse effects and self-care quality. Percutaneous cervical cordotomy is an alternative interventional procedure for unremitting unilateral intractable cancer-related pain."
3730,brain tumour,39070505,Bladder Carcinoma With Solitary Skull Metastasis: A Rare Presentation in a Middle-Aged Female.,"Bladder carcinoma is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system, with the leading cause of death being the metastasis of cancer. It, however, is a rare malignancy in the Indian population with the incidence being higher in males compared to females. The most common sites of metastasis for bladder carcinoma are the peritoneum, liver, lung, pleura, lymph nodes, adrenals, intestine, and kidney. Metastasis to the heart and brain are rare. Only a few cases of bladder cancer metastasizing to the skull have been reported to date. Here in this article, we describe a female patient who presented with metastasis to the calvarium from bladder cancer before the identification of the original tumor."
3731,brain tumour,39070095,An intratumor bacteria-targeted DNA nanocarrier for multifaceted tumor microenvironment intervention.,"Intratumor bacteria, which are involved with complex tumor development mechanisms, can compromise the therapeutic efficiencies of cancer chemotherapeutics. Therefore, the development of anti-tumor agents targeting intratumor bacteria is crucial in overcoming the drug inactivation induced by bacteria colonization. In this study, a double-bundle DNA tetrahedron-based nanocarrier is developed for intratumor bacteria-targeted berberine (Ber) delivery. The combination of aptamer modification and high drug loading efficacy endow the DNA nanocarrier TA@B with enhanced delivery performance in anti-tumor therapy without obvious systemic toxicity. The loaded natural isoquinoline alkaloid Ber exhibits enhanced antimicrobial, anticancer, and immune microenvironment regulation effects, ultimately leading to efficient inhibition of tumor proliferation. This intratumor bacteria-targeted DNA nanoplatform provides a promising strategy in intervening the bacteria-related microenvironment and facilitating tumor therapy."
3732,brain tumour,39069858,[Diagnosis of peripheral cavitary squamous cell lung carcinoma with ,"Virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) is increasingly being used to diagnose peripheral lung lesions, allowing precise guidance of the bronchoscope to the target lesions, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy. This paper reported a patient admitted due to hemoptysis, with an initial clinical diagnosis of squamous cell lung carcinoma with brain and bone metastases. Previous attempts had failed to obtain tissue samples from the lung lesions. Upon admission, the LungPro navigation system was used to perform a bronchoscopic transparenchymal nodule access (BTPNA). Pathological examination of the lung tissue and microbiological analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid confirmed the diagnosis of peripheral cavitary squamous cell lung carcinoma with "
3733,brain tumour,39069771,[Unification of pathomorphological examination of patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the pituitary gland. Controversial issues of the new classification].,"The progressive improvement of the classification using modern analytical methods is an essential tool for the development of precise and personalized approaches to the treatment of pituitary adenomas. In recent years, endocrinologists have witnessed evolutionary changes that have occurred in the histopathological identification of pituitary neoplasms, revealing new possibilities for studying tumorigenesis and predicting biological behavior.The paper considers the historical aspects of the gradual improvement of the classification of pituitary adenomas, as well as the new international 2022 WHO classification, according to which pituitary adenomas are included in the list of neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) to reflect the biological aggressiveness of some non-metastatic pituitary adenomas. The characteristics of pituitary adenoma are presented, as well as a list of histological subtypes of aggressive neuroendocrine tumors of the pituitary gland, marked by the main potentials for invasive growth, an increased risk of recurrence and a negative clinical prognosis.The expediency of changing the definition of «pituitary adenoma» to «neuroendocrine tumor» is discussed. It is emphasized that the introduction of a unified clinical, laboratory and morphological protocol into national clinical practice will help provide comparable comparative studies on the prognosis of the disease and the effectiveness of secondary therapy and also contribute to adequate management of potentially aggressive PitNETs."
3734,brain tumour,39069522,EZH2-STAT3 signaling pathway regulates GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most therapeutically challenging primary brain tumor owing to the unique physiological structure of the blood-brain barrier. Lately, research on targeted therapy for gliomas has shifted focus toward the tumor microenvironment and local immune responses. Pyroptosis is a newly identified cellular demise characterized by the release of numerous inflammatory factors. While pyroptosis shows promise in impeding the occurrence and progression of GBM, the regulatory mechanisms governing this process in gliomas still require further investigation. The function of the Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in pyroptosis remains unexplored. In this study, we discovered that 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), an inhibitor of EZH2, can induce pyroptosis in GBM in vitro experiments. Moreover, our investigation unveiled that the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) could serve as a downstream regulator influenced by EZH2, impacting pyroptosis in GBM. Following treatment with DZNep and the STAT3 inhibitor (SH-4-54), there was an elevation in the levels of pyroptosis-related factors, namely NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3) and Gasdermin D (GSDMD). Moreover, simultaneous inhibition of both EZH2 and STAT3 led to the expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and IL-18. In summary, we have identified that EZH2 regulates pyroptosis in GBM through STAT3, and pyroptosis could potentially be targeted for immunotherapy in GBM."
3735,brain tumour,39069130,Accessory Nerve Schwannoma with Medulla Oblongata Compression: Microsurgical Resection by Far Lateral Suboccipital Transcondylar Approach: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.,"Schwannomas overall account for approximately 8% of primary brain tumors, with the majority of them arising from the vestibular nerves."
3736,brain tumour,39069128,The Impact of Social Determinants on Receipt of Adjuvant Radiation Nationally Following Atypical Meningioma Surgery.,We aimed to identify socioeconomic gaps in the administration of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for patients with atypical meningioma (AM) and secondarily to determine differences in survival between patients receiving radiation and those not receiving radiation at 12 and 60 months.
3737,brain tumour,39069112,Multifunctional single-component photosensitizers as metal-free ferroptosis inducers for enhanced photodynamic immunotherapy.,"Immunotherapy can enhance primary tumor efficacy, restrict distant growth, and combat lung metastasis. Unfortunately, it remains challenging to effectively activate the immune response. Here, tertiary butyl, methoxy, and triphenylamine (TPA) were utilized as electron donors to develop multifunctional photosensitizers (PSs). CNTPA-TPA, featuring TPA as the donor (D) and cyano as the acceptor (A), excelled in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation due to its smaller singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔE"
3738,brain tumour,39069087,Diffusion decrease in normal-appearing white matter structures following photon or proton irradiation indicates differences in regional radiosensitivity.,"Radio(chemo)therapy (RCT) as part of the standard treatment of glioma patients, inevitably leads to radiation exposure of the tumor-surrounding normal-appearing (NA) tissues. The effect of radiotherapy on the brain microstructure can be assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The aim of this study was to analyze regional DTI changes of white matter (WM) structures and to determine their dose- and time-dependency."
3739,brain tumour,39069083,Incidence of alopecia in brain tumour patients treated with pencil scanning proton therapy and validation of existing NTCP models.,Radiation-induced alopecia (RIA) is one of the most frequent and upsetting cosmetic side effects after radiotherapy (RT) for brain cancer. We report the incidence of RIA in a cohort of brain tumours patients treated with Proton Therapy (PT) and externally validate published NTCP models of grade 2 (G2) RIA for their implementation in clinical practice.
3740,brain tumour,39068727,Baseline single institutional retrospective review of body mass index (BMI) as a prognostic indicator in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM).,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain cancer in adults with a very poor prognosis. Metabolic drivers of tumorigenesis are highly relevant within the central nervous system, where glucose is the critical source of energy. The impact of obesity on survival outcomes in patients with GBM is not well established. This study investigates the prognostic value of body mass index (BMI) in patients diagnosed with GBM."
3741,brain tumour,39068621,Glutamine deprivation in glioblastoma stem cells triggers autophagic SIRT3 degradation to epigenetically restrict CD133 expression and stemness.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor, and glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are the primary cause of GBM heterogeneity, invasiveness, and resistance to therapy. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is mainly localized in the mitochondrial matrix and plays an important role in maintaining GSC stemness through cooperative interaction with the chaperone protein tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) to modulate mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress. The present study aimed to further elucidate the specific mechanisms by which SIRT3 influences GSC stemness, including whether SIRT3 serves as an autophagy substrate and the mechanism of SIRT3 degradation. We first found that SIRT3 is enriched in CD133"
3742,brain tumour,39068606,Exploring the versatility of miRNA-128: a comprehensive review on its role as a biomarker and therapeutic target in clinical pathways.,"MicroRNAs (miRNAs/ miRs) are short, noncoding RNAs, usually consisting of 18 to 24 nucleotides, that control gene expression after the process of transcription and have crucial roles in several clinical processes. This article seeks to provide an in-depth review and evaluation of the many activities of miR-128, accentuating its potential as a versatile biomarker and target for therapy; The circulating miR-128 has garnered interest because of its substantial influence on gene regulation and its simplicity in extraction. Several miRNAs, such as miR-128, have been extracted from circulating blood cells, cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma/serum. The miR-128 molecule can specifically target a diverse range of genes, enabling it to have intricate physiological impacts by concurrently regulating many interrelated pathways. It has a vital function in several biological processes, such as modulating the immune system, regulating brain plasticity, organizing the cytoskeleton, and inducing neuronal death. In addition, miR-128 modulates genes associated with cell proliferation, the cell cycle, apoptosis, plasma LDL levels, and gene expression regulation in cardiac development. The dysregulation of miR-128 expression and activity is associated with the development of immunological responses, changes in neural plasticity, programmed cell death, cholesterol metabolism, and heightened vulnerability to autoimmune illnesses, neuroimmune disorders, cancer, and cardiac problems; The paper highlights the importance of studying the consequences of miR-128 dysregulation in these specific locations. By examining the implications of miRNA-128 dysregulation in these areas, the article underscores its significance in diagnosis and treatment, providing a foundation for research and clinical applications."
3743,brain tumour,39068585,Comparison between Reirradiation by Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and Moderately Hypofractionated Radiotherapy in Combination with Temozolomide for Treatment of Recurrent High Grade Glioma.,"High grade glioma (HGG) is considered a lethal disease with a high recurrence rate. There is no standard of care in recurrent HGG. Many treatment options are present, such as resurgery, systemic therapy, and re-irradiation. Re-irradiation seems to be a promising option. In this study, we aimed at comparing the efficacy and toxicity of two re-irradiation protocols."
3744,brain tumour,39068528,Spontaneously ruptured huge hepatic subcapsular hematoma associated with preeclampsia: A case report and literature review.,"Hepatic subcapsular hematoma (HSH) is an uncommon complication of pregnancy and is associated with elevated rates of maternal and foetal mortality. The rupture of an HSH is a critical situation that necessitates immediate and timely intervention to prevent loss of life. We present here, a case of a spontaneously ruptured massive HSH caused by preeclampsia. In addition, we conducted a comprehensive review of existing literature, encompassing 49 cases of HSH associated with pregnancy. If a pregnant woman with gestational hypertension experiences right upper abdominal pain with shoulder pain or radiating shoulder pain, it is crucial for her to have an urgent abdominal ultrasound because of the potential development of HSH and/or rupture. Our review of current literature suggests that opting for a caesarean section may offer notable advantages in preventing HSH rupture."
3745,brain tumour,39068399,Clinical evaluation of resection of functional area gliomas guided by intraoperative 3.0 T MRI combined with functional MRI navigation.,"In assessing the clinical utility and safety of 3.0 T intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) combined with multimodality functional MRI (fMRI) guidance in the resection of functional area gliomas, we conducted a study."
3746,brain tumour,39068393,Histone acetylation risk model predicts prognosis and guides therapy selection in glioblastoma: implications for chemotherapy and anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy.,"Glioblastoma is characterized by high aggressiveness, frequent recurrence, and poor prognosis. Histone acetylation-associated genes have been implicated in its occurrence and development, yet their predictive ability in glioblastoma prognosis remains unclear."
3747,brain tumour,39068108,Bevacizumab for Brain Radiation Necrosis in Patients With Nonsquamous Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer.,No abstract found
3748,brain tumour,39068030,Cinnamaldehyde protects SH-SY5Y cells against advanced glycation end-products induced ectopic cell cycle re-entry.,"Accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in the brain contributes significantly to cognitive impairment in patients with diabetes by disrupting the post-mitotic state of neuronal cells, thereby triggering ectopic cell cycle re-entry (CCR) and subsequent neuronal apoptosis. Cinnamaldehyde (CINA), a potential mitigator of cognitive impairment due to its blood glucose-lowering properties, warrants exploration for its role in counteracting diabetes-related neurological damage. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effect of CINA on AGE-damaged SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells differentiated in vitro. We investigated the impact of CINA on AGE-induced neuronal CCR and apoptosis, finding that it substantially suppressed aberrant DNA replication, precluded cells from entering the mitotic preparatory phase, and diminished apoptosis. Additionally, CINA inhibited the expression of eIF4E without altering S6K1 phosphorylation. These findings indicate that CINA safeguards neuronal cells from AGE-related damage by preventing abnormal CCR, preserving the post-mitotic state of neuronal cells, and reducing AGE-induced apoptosis, potentially through the inhibition of eIF4E-controlled cell proliferation. Our results highlight the prospective utility of CINA in managing diabetic neuropathy."
3749,brain tumour,39067874,Density of tertiary lymphoid structures predicts clinical outcome in breast cancer brain metastasis.,"Patients with breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) experience a rapid decline in their quality of life. Recently, tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), analogs of secondary lymphoid organs, have attracted extensive attention. However, the potential clinical implications of TLSs in BCBMs are poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the density and composition of TLSs in BCBMs and described their prognostic value."
3750,brain tumour,39067706,Risk of radionecrosis in HER2-positive breast cancer with brain metastasis receiving trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) and brain stereotactic radiosurgery.,To investigate the potential relationship between trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) treatment and radionecrosis induced by brain stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer.
3751,brain tumour,39067705,Determinants of cerebral radionecrosis in animal models: A systematic review.,"Radionecrosis is a common complication in radiation oncology, while mechanisms and risk factors have yet to be fully explored. We therefore conducted a systematic review to understand the pathogenesis and identify factors that significantly affect the development."
3752,brain tumour,39067704,Comments on the brain metastasis prediction trial and the need for subgroup analysis.,No abstract found
3753,brain tumour,39067692,Nondysraphic Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lipomas in the Adult Population.,"Intramedullary spinal cord lipomas without spinal dysraphism are rare. Although they are benign tumors, they can cause significant neurological deficits. Their tight adherence to the spinal cord presents a challenge for resection. Therefore, we review our institutional experience treating adult patients with intramedullary lipomas in the absence of dysraphism and report long-term outcomes after resection."
3754,brain tumour,39067687,Intraoperative Telestration System in Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery Contributes to Improved Surgical Safety and Efficient Surgical Education.,"To evaluate the effectiveness of a ""telestration"" system in which the mentor annotates the view of the surgical field, for endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS)."
3755,brain tumour,39067620,Modulation of anxiety-like behavior in galactooligosaccharide-fed mice: A potential role for bacterial tryptophan metabolites and reduced microglial reactivity.,"Prebiotic galactooligosaccharides (GOS) reduce anxiety-like behaviors in mice and humans. However, the biological pathways behind these behavioral changes are not well understood. To begin to study these pathways, we utilized C57BL/6 mice that were fed a standard diet with or without GOS supplementation for 3 weeks prior to testing on the open field. After behavioral testing, colonic contents and serum were collected for bacteriome (16S rRNA gene sequencing, colonic contents only) and metabolome (UPLC-MS, colonic contents and serum data) analyses. As expected, GOS significantly reduced anxiety-like behavior (i.e., increased time in the center) and decreased cytokine gene expression (Tnfa and Ccl2) in the prefrontal cortex. Notably, time in the center of the open field was significantly correlated with serum methyl-indole-3-acetic acid (methyl-IAA). This metabolite is a methylated form of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) that is derived from bacterial metabolism of tryptophan. Sequencing analyses showed that GOS significantly increased Lachnospiraceae UCG006 and Akkermansia; these taxa are known to metabolize both GOS and tryptophan. To determine the extent to which methyl-IAA can affect anxiety-like behavior, mice were intraperitoneally injected with methyl-IAA. Mice given methyl-IAA had a reduction in anxiety-like behavior in the open field, along with lower Tnfa in the prefrontal cortex. Methyl-IAA was also found to reduce TNF-α (as well as CCL2) production by LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. Together, these data support a novel pathway through which GOS reduces anxiety-like behaviors in mice and suggests that the bacterial metabolite methyl-IAA reduces microglial cytokine and chemokine production, which in turn reduces anxiety-like behavior."
3756,brain tumour,39067267,Clinical applicability of signal heterogeneity and tumor border assessment on T2-weighted MR images to distinguish astrocytic from oligodendroglial origin of gliomas.,"Radiological features on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were attributed to oligodendroglioma, although the diagnostic accuracy in a real-world clinical setting remains partially elusive. This study investigated the accuracy and robustness of tumor heterogeneity and tumor border delineation on T2-weighted MRI to distinguish oligodendroglioma from astrocytoma."
3757,brain tumour,39067241,A case report of lymphoproliferative disease in brain following therapies with mycophenolate Mofetil and Fingolimod and literature review.,"Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder. With the method of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIF), more anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients have been discovered when its first onset. But it was rare that anti-NMDAR encephalitis overlapped with multiple sclerosis (MS) documented in literatures. Here, we present a case who initially developed anti-NMDAR encephalitis and MS. Furthermore, we concluded the characteristics of patients who were diagnosed as anti-NMDAR encephalitis overlapping with MS. Additionally, due to the relapsing process, mycophenolate mofetil and sequentially fingolimod for the treatment were taken, which subsequently led to the development of a lymphoproliferative disease in his brain and other organs. This case illustrates the complex role of immunosuppressive agents."
3758,brain tumour,39067019,Utility of OLIG2 immunostaining in pediatric brain tumors with embryonal morphology.,"This study evaluates the diagnostic utility of OLIG2 immunohistochemistry for distinguishing between pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) and embryonal tumors (ETs) of the CNS. Utilizing a retrospective pediatric cohort (1990-2021) of 56 CNS tumors, classified initially as primitive neuroectodermal tumors or CNS ET, we reclassified the cases based on WHO CNS5 criteria after comprehensive review and additional molecular testing that included next-generation sequencing and DNA methylation profiling. Our results indicate that OLIG2 immunopositivity was negative or minimal in a significant subset of pHGG cases (6 out of 11). At the same time, it showed diffuse expression in all cases of CNS neuroblastomas with FOXR2 activation (5/5), demonstrating its limited specificity in differentiating between pHGG and ET. Variable OLIG2 expression in other ETs, ATRT, and ETMR suggests the broader diagnostic implications of the marker. Furthermore, incidental findings of OLIG2 positivity in cases traditionally expected to be negative, such as medulloblastoma and ependymoma, introduce an additional layer of complexity. Together, these findings highlight the challenges of relying solely on OLIG2 immunostaining for accurate tumor classification in pediatric CNS neoplasms and underscore the importance of an integrated diagnostic approach."
3759,brain tumour,39066986,Comprehensive genomic analysis reveals clonal origin and subtype-specific evolution in a case of sporadic multiple meningiomas.,"Meningioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor in adults, with up to 10% manifesting as multiple tumors. Data on the genomic and molecular changes in sporadic multiple meningiomas are scarce, leading to ongoing debates regarding their evolutionary processes. A comprehensive genetic analysis of a large number of lesions, including precursor lesions, is necessary to explore these two possible origins: clonal and independent. In the present study, we performed whole-exome sequencing and analyzed somatic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), insertions/deletions (INDELs), and copy number alterations (CNAs) in a patient with sporadic multiple meningiomas. These meningiomas included two mass-forming lesions of different histological subtypes (transitional and chordoid) and two small meningothelial nests. Genetic analysis revealed CNAs on chromosomes 22q and Y as common abnormalities in the two largest tumors. Furthermore, we identified SNV/INDELs unique to each focus, with NF2 mutation prevalent in the transitional meningioma and CREBBP mutation in the chordoid meningioma. Loss of chromosome 22 was detected in two small meningothelial nests. Overall, we elucidated the clonal origin and subtype-specific evolution of multiple meningiomas in this case. CNAs may serve as the initial driving event in meningioma development."
3760,brain tumour,39066975,Genetically Predicted Vascular Proteins and Risk of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Mendelian Randomization Study.,"The relationship between vascular proteins (VPs) and intracranial aneurysms (IAs) has not been fully elucidated. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the effect of VPs on IAs. Dataset of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) [5140 cases and 71,934 controls] and unruptured intracranial aneurysm (uIA) [2070 cases and 71,934 controls] were obtained from individuals of European ancestry. Univariate MR was used to explore the associations between 90 VPs and IAs. Then, we performed multivariate MR (MVMR) to further investigate the identified VP-to-IA estimates. Two-sample MR showed that TNFSF14 was inversely associated with aSAH (odds ratio [OR] = 0.831, 95% CI: 0.713-0.969, p = 0.018). IL-16 (OR = 1.218, 95% CI: 1.032-1.438, p = 0.020) and AgRP (OR = 1.394, 95% CI: 1.048-1.855, p = 0.023) were positively associated with aSAH. HBEGF (OR = 0.642, 95% CI: 0.461-0.894, p = 0.009), MCP-1 (OR = 1.537, 95% CI: 1.007-2.344, p = 0.046), and CX3CL1 (OR = 0.762, 95% CI: 0.581-0.999, 0.049 < p < 0.050) were associated with uIA risk. The MVMR showed that the TNFSF14-to-aSAH estimate remained statistically significant after adjustment for past tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure and body mass index. Our study indicated that low serum TNFSF14 levels might be a potential risk factor for IA rupture. Five VPs (HBEGF, MCP-1, IL-6, CX3CL1, and AgRP) are associated with the risk of IAs (both uIA and aSAH)."
3761,brain tumour,39066950,Molecular and clinical characterization of atypical central neurocytomas: implications for diagnosis and treatment strategies.,"This study aimed to investigate the histological and molecular characteristics of atypical central neurocytomas (CNs) and evaluate their clinical treatment outcomes, with the aim of identifying reliable biomarkers for differentiation and optimal treatment strategies."
3762,brain tumour,39066842,The diverging role of O-GlcNAc transferase in corticotroph and somatotroph adenomas.,"Molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and tumor progression of pituitary adenomas (PA) remain incompletely understood. Corticotroph and somatotroph PA are associated with a high clinical burden, and despite improved surgical outcomes and medical treatment options, they sometimes require multiple surgeries and radiation. Preliminary data suggested a role for O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT), the enzyme responsible for the O-GlcNAcylation of proteins. O-GlcNAcylation and OGT have been found elevated in other types of tumors."
3763,brain tumour,39066789,Administration of low dose intranasal ketamine exerts a neuroprotective effect on whole brain irradiation injury model in wistar rats.,"Exposure to ionizing radiation leads to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, resulting in neurocognitive impairments. Adverse effects are also associated with glutamate-induced excitotoxicity due to alterations in the composition of glutamate receptors. Ketamine, which is a noncompetitive NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist, has been stated to exert an impact on glutamatergic receptors. This study aims to reveal the possible alleviating or preventive effects of ketamine, which maintains glutamate homeostasis and decreases neurodegeneration, in a radiation-induced neurotoxicity model. Twenty-one female Wistar Queryrats were included in the study and 14 of these underwent whole brain irradiation (IR) with a 20 Gray single dose. Animals were allocated into three groups. Group 1: Normal control; Group 2: Placebo / IR + Saline; Group 3: IR + Ketamine. Ketamine was administered in addition to IR to rats in Group 3. The one-way ANOVA statistical test was used to compare groups. The value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. When administered in addition to irradiation, ketamine treatment significantly increased scores in the three-chamber sociability test, open field test, and passive avoidance learning test. It also raised neuron counts in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions as well as in Purkinje cells, and enhanced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tyrosine receptor kinase-B. Furthermore, ketamine administration resulted in decreased levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, malondialdehyde, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, indicating a reduction in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Ketamine exerted a significant protective impact on radiation-induced neurocognitive impairments and enhanced social-memory capacity by reducing neuronal loss, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Our findings suggest that ketamine is beneficial in the treatment or prevention of neurodegeneration via the regulation of the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway besides decreasing neuroinflammation and blocking NMDA receptors."
3764,brain tumour,39066540,Sanhua Tang protects against ischemic stroke by preventing blood-brain barrier injury: a network pharmacology and experiments.,"To assess the effect and mechanism of Sanhua Tang (, SHT) in treating ischemic stroke (IS) through the ""Kaitong Xuanfu"" theory by using network pharmacology and animal experiments."
3765,brain tumour,39066464,Breaking Down Glioma-Microenvironment Crosstalk.,"High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are the commonest primary brain cancers. They are characterized by a pattern of aggressive growth and diffuse infiltration of the host brain that severely limits the efficacy of conventional treatments and patient outcomes, which remain generally poor. Recent work has described a suite of mechanisms via which HGGs interact, predominantly bidirectionally, with various cell types in the host brain including neurons, glial cells, immune cells, and vascular elements to drive tumor growth and invasion. These insights have the potential to inspire novel approaches to HGG therapy that are critically needed. This review explores HGG-host brain interactions and considers whether and how they might be exploited for therapeutic gain."
3766,brain tumour,39065726,Safety Implications of Modulating Nuclear Receptors: A Comprehensive Analysis from Non-Clinical and Clinical Perspectives.,"The unintended modulation of nuclear receptor (NR) activity by drugs can lead to toxicities amongst the endocrine, gastrointestinal, hepatic cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. While secondary pharmacology screening assays include NRs, safety risks due to unintended interactions of small molecule drugs with NRs remain poorly understood. To identify potential nonclinical and clinical safety effects resulting from functional interactions with 44 of the 48 human-expressed NRs, we conducted a systematic narrative review of the scientific literature, tissue expression data, and used curated databases (OFF-X™) (Off-X, Clarivate) to organize reported toxicities linked to the functional modulation of NRs in a tabular and machine-readable format. The top five NRs associated with the highest number of safety alerts from peer-reviewed journals, regulatory agency communications, congresses/conferences, clinical trial registries, and company communications were the Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR, 18,328), Androgen Receptor (AR, 18,219), Estrogen Receptor (ER, 12,028), Retinoic acid receptors (RAR, 10,450), and Pregnane X receptor (PXR, 8044). Toxicities associated with NR modulation include hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, endocrine disruption, carcinogenicity, metabolic disorders, and neurotoxicity. These toxicities often arise from the dysregulation of receptors like Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα, PPARγ), the ER, PXR, AR, and GR. This dysregulation leads to various health issues, including liver enlargement, hepatocellular carcinoma, heart-related problems, hormonal imbalances, tumor growth, metabolic syndromes, and brain function impairment. Gene expression analysis using heatmaps for human and rat tissues complemented the functional modulation of NRs associated with the reported toxicities. Interestingly, certain NRs showed ubiquitous expression in tissues not previously linked to toxicities, suggesting the potential utilization of organ-specific NR interactions for therapeutic purposes."
3767,brain tumour,39065724,Fatty Acid Amides Suppress Proliferation via Cannabinoid Receptors and Promote the Apoptosis of C6 Glioma Cells in Association with Akt Signaling Pathway Inhibition.,"A glioma is a type of tumor that acts on the Central Nervous System (CNS) in a highly aggressive manner. Gliomas can occasionally be inaccurately diagnosed and treatments have low efficacy, meaning that patients exhibit a survival of less than one year after diagnosis. Due to factors such as intratumoral cell variability, inefficient chemotherapy drugs, adaptive resistance development to drugs and tumor recurrence after resection, the search continues for new drugs that can inhibit glioma cell growth. As such, analogues of endocannabinoids, such as fatty acid amides (FAAs), represent interesting alternatives for inhibiting tumor growth, since FAAs can modulate several metabolic pathways linked to cancer and, thus, may hold potential for managing glioblastoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of two fatty ethanolamides (FAA1 and FAA2), synthetized via direct amidation from andiroba oil ("
3768,brain tumour,39065701,Evolutionary Trend Analysis of Research on Immunotherapy for Brain Metastasis Based on Machine-Learning Scientometrics.,"Brain metastases challenge cancer treatments with poor prognoses, despite ongoing advancements. Immunotherapy effectively alleviates advanced cancer, exhibiting immense potential to revolutionize brain metastasis management. To identify research priorities that optimize immunotherapies for brain metastases, 2164 related publications were analyzed. Scientometric visualization via R software, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace showed the interrelationships among literature, institutions, authors, and topic areas of focus. The publication rate and citations have grown exponentially over the past decade, with the US, China, and Germany as the major contributors. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ranked highest in publications, while Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center was most cited. Clusters of keywords revealed six hotspots: 'Immunology', 'Check Point Inhibitors', 'Lung Cancer', 'Immunotherapy', 'Melanoma', 'Breast Cancer', and 'Microenvironment'. Melanoma, the most studied primary tumor with brain metastases offers promising immunotherapy advancements with generalizability and adaptability to other cancers. Our results outline the holistic overview of immunotherapy research for brain metastases, which pinpoints the forefront in the field, and directs researchers toward critical inquiries for enhanced mechanistic insight and improved clinical outcomes. Moreover, governmental and funding agencies will benefit from assigning financial resources to entities and regions with the greatest potential for combating brain metastases through immunotherapy."
3769,brain tumour,39065639,Chemodynamic Therapy of Glioblastoma Multiforme and Perspectives.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a potential public health issue, is a huge challenge for the advanced scientific realm to solve. Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) based on the Fenton reaction emerged as a state-of-the-art therapeutic modality to treat GBM. However, crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the GBM is another endless marathon. In this review, the physiology of the BBB has been elaborated to understand the mechanism of crossing these potential barriers to treat GBM. Moreover, the designing of Fenton-based nanomaterials has been discussed for the production of reactive oxygen species in the tumor area to eradicate the cancer cells. For effective tumor targeting, biological nanomaterials that can cross the BBB via neurovascular transport channels have also been explored. To overcome the neurotoxicity caused by inorganic nanomaterials, the use of smart nanoagents having both enhanced biocompatibility and effective tumor targeting ability to enhance the efficiency of CDT are systematically summarized. Finally, the advancements in intelligent Fenton-based nanosystems for a multimodal therapeutic approach in addition to CDT are demonstrated. Hopefully, this systematic review will provide a better understanding of Fenton-based CDT and insight into GBM treatment."
3770,brain tumour,39065339,Polyamidoamine Dendrimers: Brain-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems in Glioma Therapy.,"Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor, which is formed by the malignant transformation of glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. It has the characteristics of high incidence, high recurrence rate, high mortality and low cure rate. The treatments for glioma include surgical removal, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Due to the obstruction of the biological barrier of brain tissue, it is difficult to achieve the desired therapeutic effects. To address the limitations imposed by the brain's natural barriers and enhance the treatment efficacy, researchers have effectively used brain-targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs) in glioma therapy. Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers, as branched macromolecular architectures, represent promising candidates for studies in glioma therapy. This review focuses on PAMAM-based DDSs in the treatment of glioma, highlighting their physicochemical characteristics, structural properties as well as an overview of the toxicity and safety profiles."
3771,brain tumour,39064385,Advances in Microfluidic Systems and Numerical Modeling in Biomedical Applications: A Review.,"The evolution in the biomedical engineering field boosts innovative technologies, with microfluidic systems standing out as transformative tools in disease diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. Numerical simulation has emerged as a tool of increasing importance for better understanding and predicting fluid-flow behavior in microscale devices. This review explores fabrication techniques and common materials of microfluidic devices, focusing on soft lithography and additive manufacturing. Microfluidic systems applications, including nucleic acid amplification and protein synthesis, as well as point-of-care diagnostics, DNA analysis, cell cultures, and organ-on-a-chip models (e.g., lung-, brain-, liver-, and tumor-on-a-chip), are discussed. Recent studies have applied computational tools such as ANSYS Fluent 2024 software to numerically simulate the flow behavior. Outside of the study cases, this work reports fundamental aspects of microfluidic simulations, including fluid flow, mass transport, mixing, and diffusion, and highlights the emergent field of organ-on-a-chip simulations. Additionally, it takes into account the application of geometries to improve the mixing of samples, as well as surface wettability modification. In conclusion, the present review summarizes the most relevant contributions of microfluidic systems and their numerical modeling to biomedical engineering."
3772,brain tumour,39063802,Novel Collagen Membrane Formulations with Irinotecan or Minocycline for Potential Application in Brain Cancer.,"Our study explores the development of collagen membranes with integrated minocycline or irinotecan, targeting applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery systems. Type I collagen, extracted from bovine skin using advanced fibril-forming technology, was crosslinked with glutaraldehyde to create membranes. These membranes incorporated minocycline, an antibiotic, or irinotecan, a chemotherapeutic agent, in various concentrations. The membranes, varying in drug concentration, were studied by water absorption and enzymatic degradation tests, demonstrating a degree of permeability. We emphasize the advantages of local drug delivery for treating high-grade gliomas, highlighting the targeted approach's efficacy in reducing systemic adverse effects and enhancing drug bioavailability at the tumor site. The utilization of collagen membranes is proposed as a viable method for local drug delivery. Irinotecan's mechanism, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and minocycline's broad antibacterial spectrum and inhibition of glial cell-induced membrane degradation are discussed. We critically examine the challenges posed by the systemic administration of chemotherapeutic agents, mainly due to the blood-brain barrier's restrictive nature, advocating for local delivery methods as a more effective alternative for glioblastoma treatment. These local delivery strategies, including collagen membranes, are posited as significant advancements in enhancing therapeutic outcomes for glioblastoma patients."
3773,brain tumour,39063241,Opioid Use and Gut Dysbiosis in Cancer Pain Patients.,"Opioids are commonly used for the management of severe chronic cancer pain. Their well-known pharmacological effects on the gastrointestinal system, particularly opioid-induced constipation (OIC), are the most common limiting factors in the optimization of analgesia, and have led to the wide use of laxatives and/or peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs). A growing interest has been recently recorded in the possible effects of opioid treatment on the gut microbiota. Preclinical and clinical data, as presented in this review, showed that alterations of the gut microbiota play a role in modulating opioid-mediated analgesia and tolerability, including constipation. Moreover, due to the bidirectional crosstalk between gut bacteria and the central nervous system, gut dysbiosis may be crucial in modulating opioid reward and addictive behavior. The microbiota may also modulate pain regulation and tolerance, by activating microglial cells and inducing the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which sustain neuroinflammation. In the subset of cancer patients, the clinical meaning of opioid-induced gut dysbiosis, particularly its possible interference with the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, is still unclear. Gut dysbiosis could be a new target for treatment in cancer patients. Restoring the physiological amount of specific gut bacteria may represent a promising therapeutic option for managing gastrointestinal symptoms and optimizing analgesia for cancer patients using opioids."
3774,brain tumour,39063232,Glioma and Peptidergic Systems: Oncogenic and Anticancer Peptides.,"Glioma cells overexpress different peptide receptors that are useful for research, diagnosis, management, and treatment of the disease. Oncogenic peptides favor the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells, as well as angiogenesis, whereas anticancer peptides exert antiproliferative, antimigration, and anti-angiogenic effects against gliomas. Other peptides exert a dual effect on gliomas, that is, both proliferative and antiproliferative actions. Peptidergic systems are therapeutic targets, as peptide receptor antagonists/peptides or peptide receptor agonists can be administered to treat gliomas. Other anticancer strategies exerting beneficial effects against gliomas are discussed herein, and future research lines to be developed for gliomas are also suggested. Despite the large amount of data supporting the involvement of peptides in glioma progression, no anticancer drugs targeting peptidergic systems are currently available in clinical practice to treat gliomas."
3775,brain tumour,39063226,Investigating Expression Dynamics of miR-21 and miR-10b in Glioblastoma Cells In Vitro: Insights into Responses to Hypoxia and Secretion Mechanisms.,"Glioblastoma poses significant challenges in oncology, with bevacizumab showing promise as an antiangiogenic treatment but with limited efficacy. microRNAs (miRNAs) 10b and 21 have emerged as potential biomarkers for bevacizumab response in glioblastoma patients. This study delves into the expression dynamics of miR-21 and miR-10b in response to hypoxia and explores their circulation mechanisms. In vitro experiments exposed glioma cells (A172, U87MG, U251) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to hypoxic conditions (1% oxygen) for 24 h, revealing heightened levels of miR-10b and miR-21 in glioblastoma cells. Manipulating miR-10b expression in U87MG, demonstrating a significant decrease in VEGF alpha (VEGFA) following miR-10b overexpression under hypoxic conditions. Size exclusion chromatography illustrated a notable shift towards miR-21 and miR-10b exosomal packaging during hypoxia. A proposed model suggests that effective bevacizumab treatment reduces VEGFA levels, heightening hypoxia and subsequently upregulating miR-21 and miR-10b expression. These miRNAs, released via exosomes, might impact various cellular processes, with miR-10b notably contributing to VEGFA level reduction. However, post-treatment increases in miR-10b and miR-21 could potentially restore cells to normoxic conditions through the downregulation of VEGF. This study highlights the intricate feedback loop involving miR-10b, miR-21, and VEGFA in glioblastoma treatment, underscoring the necessity for personalized therapeutic strategies. Further research should explore clinical implications for personalized glioma treatments."
3776,brain tumour,39063221,Glioma Stem Cells as Promoter of Glioma Progression: A Systematic Review of Molecular Pathways and Targeted Therapies.,"Gliomas' aggressive nature and resistance to therapy make them a major problem in oncology. Gliomas continue to have dismal prognoses despite significant advancements in medical science, and traditional treatments like surgery, radiation (RT), and chemotherapy (CT) frequently prove to be ineffective. After glioma stem cells (GSCs) were discovered, the traditional view of gliomas as homogeneous masses changed. GSCs are essential for tumor growth, treatment resistance, and recurrence. These cells' distinct capacities for differentiation and self-renewal are changing our knowledge of the biology of gliomas. This systematic literature review aims to uncover the molecular mechanisms driving glioma progression associated with GSCs. The systematic review adhered to PRISMA guidelines, with a thorough literature search conducted on PubMed, Ovid MED-LINE, and Ovid EMBASE. The first literature search was performed on 1 March 2024, and the search was updated on 15 May 2024. Employing MeSH terms and Boolean operators, the search focused on molecular mechanisms associated with GCSs-mediated glioma progression. Inclusion criteria encompassed English language studies, preclinical studies, and clinical trials. A number of 957 papers were initially identified, of which 65 studies spanning from 2005 to 2024 were finally included in the review. The main GSC model distribution is arranged in decreasing order of frequency: U87: 20 studies (32.0%); U251: 13 studies (20.0%); A172: 4 studies (6.2%); and T98G: 2 studies (3.17%). From most to least frequent, the distribution of the primary GSC pathway is as follows: Notch: 8 studies (12.3%); STAT3: 6 studies (9.2%); Wnt/β-catenin: 6 studies (9.2%); HIF: 5 studies (7.7%); and PI3K/AKT: 4 studies (6.2%). The distribution of molecular effects, from most to least common, is as follows: inhibition of differentiation: 22 studies (33.8%); increased proliferation: 18 studies (27.7%); enhanced invasive ability: 15 studies (23.1%); increased self-renewal: 5 studies (7.7%); and inhibition of apoptosis: 3 studies (4.6%). This work highlights GSC heterogeneity and the dynamic interplay within the glioblastoma microenvironment, underscoring the need for a tailored approach. A few key pathways influencing GSC behavior are JAK/STAT3, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, and Notch. Therapy may target these pathways. This research urges more study to fill in knowledge gaps in the biology of GSCs and translate findings into useful treatment approaches that could improve GBM patient outcomes."
3777,brain tumour,39063215,Circulating Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers in Glioblastoma: Advances and Challenges.,"Gliomas, particularly glioblastoma (GBM), represent the most prevalent and aggressive tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite recent treatment advancements, patient survival rates remain low. The diagnosis of GBM traditionally relies on neuroimaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans and postoperative confirmation via histopathological and molecular analysis. Imaging techniques struggle to differentiate between tumor progression and treatment-related changes, leading to potential misinterpretation and treatment delays. Similarly, tissue biopsies, while informative, are invasive and not suitable for monitoring ongoing treatments. These challenges have led to the emergence of liquid biopsy, particularly through blood samples, as a promising alternative for GBM diagnosis and monitoring. Presently, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling offers a minimally invasive means of obtaining tumor-related information to guide therapy. The idea that blood or any biofluid tests can be used to screen many cancer types has huge potential. Tumors release various components into the bloodstream or other biofluids, including cell-free nucleic acids such as microRNAs (miRNAs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), proteins, extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes, metabolites, and other factors. These factors have been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), presenting an opportunity for the minimally invasive monitoring of GBM as well as for the real-time assessment of distinct genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic changes associated with brain tumors. Despite their potential, the clinical utility of liquid biopsy-based circulating biomarkers is somewhat constrained by limitations such as the absence of standardized methodologies for blood or CSF collection, analyte extraction, analysis methods, and small cohort sizes. Additionally, tissue biopsies offer more precise insights into tumor morphology and the microenvironment. Therefore, the objective of a liquid biopsy should be to complement and enhance the diagnostic accuracy and monitoring of GBM patients by providing additional information alongside traditional tissue biopsies. Moreover, utilizing a combination of diverse biomarker types may enhance clinical effectiveness compared to solely relying on one biomarker category, potentially improving diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and addressing some of the existing limitations associated with liquid biomarkers for GBM. This review presents an overview of the latest research on circulating biomarkers found in GBM blood or CSF samples, discusses their potential as diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic indicators, and discusses associated challenges and future perspectives."
3778,brain tumour,39063128,PARP Inhibitors in Brain Metastases from Epithelial Ovarian Cancer through a Multimodal Patient Journey: Case Reports and Literature Review.,"Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the deadliest gynecological malignancy worldwide. Brain metastasis (BM) is quite an uncommon presentation. However, the likelihood of central nervous system (CNS) metastasization should be considered in the context of disseminated disease. The therapeutic management of BMs is an unmet clinical need, to date. We identified, across different cancer centers, six cases of both BRCA wild-type and BRCA-mutated EOCs spreading to the CNS. They presented either with a single brain lesion or with multiple lesions and most of them had intracranial-only disease. All cases received Poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) maintenance, as per clinical practice, for a long time within a multimodal treatment approach. We also provide an insight into the available body of work regarding the management of this intriguing disease setting, with a glimpse of future therapeutic challenges. Despite the lack of unanimous guidelines, multimodal care pathways should be encouraged for the optimal disease control of this unfortunate patient subset. Albeit not being directly investigated in BM patients, PARPi maintenance is deemed to have a valuable role in this setting. Prospective research, aimed to implement worthwhile strategies in the multimodal patient journey of BMs from EOC, is eagerly awaited."
3779,brain tumour,39063109,Discovery of a Therapeutic Agent for Glioblastoma Using a Systems Biology-Based Drug Repositioning Approach.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly malignant tumour of the central nervous system, presents with a dire prognosis and low survival rates. The heterogeneous and recurrent nature of GBM renders current treatments relatively ineffective. In our study, we utilized an integrative systems biology approach to uncover the molecular mechanisms driving GBM progression and identify viable therapeutic drug targets for developing more effective GBM treatment strategies. Our integrative analysis revealed an elevated expression of "
3780,brain tumour,39063035,Autonomous Oscillatory Mitochondrial Respiratory Activity: Results of a Systematic Analysis Show Heterogeneity in Different In Vitro-Synchronized Cancer Cells.,"Circadian oscillations of several physiological and behavioral processes are an established process in all the organisms anticipating the geophysical changes recurring during the day. The time-keeping mechanism is controlled by a transcription translation feedback loop involving a set of well-characterized transcription factors. The synchronization of cells, controlled at the organismal level by a brain central clock, can be mimicked in vitro, pointing to the notion that all the cells are endowed with an autonomous time-keeping system. Metabolism undergoes circadian control, including the mitochondrial terminal catabolic pathways, culminating under aerobic conditions in the electron transfer to oxygen through the respiratory chain coupled to the ATP synthesis according to the oxidative phosphorylation chemiosmotic mechanism. In this study, we expanded upon previous isolated observations by utilizing multiple cell types, employing various synchronization protocols and different methodologies to measure mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates under conditions simulating various metabolic stressors. The results obtained clearly demonstrate that mitochondrial respiratory activity undergoes rhythmic oscillations in all tested cell types, regardless of their individual respiratory proficiency, indicating a phenomenon that can be generalized. However, notably, while primary cell types exhibited similar rhythmic respiratory profiles, cancer-derived cell lines displayed highly heterogeneous rhythmic changes. This observation confirms on the one hand the dysregulation of the circadian control of the oxidative metabolism observed in cancer, likely contributing to its development, and on the other hand underscores the necessity of personalized chronotherapy, which necessitates a detailed characterization of the cancer chronotype."
3781,brain tumour,39062985,Exploring Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Modulating Inflammation in Parkinson's Disease: A Review of Inflammatory Markers and Potential Effects.,"Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by numerous motor and non-motor symptoms. Recent data highlight a potential interplay between the gut microbiota and the pathophysiology of PD. The degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD leads to motor symptoms (tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia), with antecedent gastrointestinal manifestations, most notably constipation. Consequently, the gut emerges as a plausible modulator in the neurodegenerative progression of PD. Key molecular changes in PD are discussed in the context of the gut-brain axis. Evidence suggests that the alterations in the gut microbiota composition may contribute to gastroenteric inflammation and influence PD symptoms. Disturbances in the levels of inflammatory markers, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF α), interleukin -1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), have been observed in PD patients. These implicate the involvement of systemic inflammation in disease pathology. Fecal microbiota transplantation emerges as a potential therapeutic strategy for PD. It may mitigate inflammation by restoring gut homeostasis. Preclinical studies in animal models and initial clinical trials have shown promising results. Overall, understanding the interplay between inflammation, the gut microbiota, and PD pathology provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic interventions. This review presents recent data about the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the brain in PD, specifically focusing on the involvement of inflammatory biomarkers."
3782,brain tumour,39062807,On the Boundary of Exploratory Genomics and Translation in Sequential Glioblastoma.,"OMICS methods brought significant advancements to the understanding of tumor cell biology, which transformed the treatment and prognosis of several cancers. Clinical practice and outcomes, however, changed significantly less in the case of glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we aimed to assess the utility of whole exome (WES) sequencing in the clinical setting. Ten pairs of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) GBM specimens were obtained at onset (GBM-P) and at recurrence (GBM-R). Histopathological and molecular features of all samples supported the diagnosis of GBM based on WHO CNS5. WES data were filtered, applying a strict and custom-made pipeline, and occurrence of oncogenic and likely oncogenic variants in GBM-P, GBM-R or both were identified by using the VarSeq program version 2.5.0 (Golden Helix, Inc.). Characteristics and recurrence of the variants were analyzed in our own cohort and were also compared to those available in the COSMIC database. The lists of oncogenic and likely oncogenic variants corresponded to those identified in other studies. The average number of these variants were 4 and 5 out of all detected 24 and 34 variants in GBM-P and GBM-R samples, respectively. On average, one shared oncogenic/likely oncogenic variant was found in the pairs. We assessed the identified variants' therapeutic significance, also taking into consideration the guidelines by the Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP). Our data support that a thorough WES analysis is suitable for identifying oncogenic and likely oncogenic variants in an individual clinical sample or a small cohort of FFPE glioma specimens, which concur with those of comprehensive research studies. Such analyses also allow us to monitor molecular dynamics of sequential GBM. In addition, careful evaluation of data according to the AMP guideline reveal that though therapeutic applicability of the variants is generally limited in the clinic, such information may be valuable in selected cases, and can support innovative preclinical and clinical trials."
3783,brain tumour,39062770,Enhancing Therapeutic Approaches in Glioblastoma with Pro-Oxidant Treatments and Synergistic Combinations: In Vitro Experience of Doxorubicin and Photodynamic Therapy.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer characterized by significant molecular and cellular heterogeneity, which complicates treatment efforts. Current standard therapies, including surgical resection, radiation, and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, often fail to achieve long-term remission due to tumor recurrence and resistance. A pro-oxidant environment is involved in glioma progression, with oxidative stress contributing to the genetic instability that leads to gliomagenesis. Evaluating pro-oxidant therapies in brain tumors is crucial due to their potential to selectively target and eradicate cancer cells by exploiting the elevated oxidative stress levels inherent in these malignant cells, thereby offering a novel and effective strategy for overcoming resistance to conventional therapies. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of doxorubicin (DOX) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with Me-ALA, focusing on their effects on redox homeostasis. Basal ROS levels and antioxidant gene expression (NFE2L2, CAT, GSR) were quantitatively assessed across GBM cell lines, revealing significant variability probably linked to genetic differences. DOX and PDT treatments, both individually and in combination, were analyzed for their efficacy in inducing oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. An in silico analysis further explored the relationship between gene mutations and oxidative stress in GBM patients, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying treatment responses. Our findings suggest that pro-oxidant therapies, such as DOX and PDT in combination, could selectively target GBM cells, highlighting a promising avenue for improving therapeutic outcomes in GBM."
3784,brain tumour,39062749,Survival-Related Genes on Chromosomes 6 and 17 in Medulloblastoma.,"Survival of Medulloblastoma (MB) depends on various factors, including the gene expression profiles of MB tumor tissues. In this study, we identified 967 MB survival-related genes (SRGs) using a gene expression dataset and the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Notably, the SRGs were over-represented on chromosomes 6 and 17, known for the abnormalities monosomy 6 and isochromosome 17 in MB. The most significant SRG was "
3785,brain tumour,39062570,Ischemic Neuroprotection by Insulin with Down-Regulation of Divalent Metal Transporter 1 (DMT1) Expression and Ferrous Iron-Dependent Cell Death.,
3786,brain tumour,39062517,The Role of the RNA Helicase DDX3X in Medulloblastoma Progression.,"Medulloblastoma is the most common pediatric brain cancer, with about five cases per million in the pediatric population. Current treatment strategies have a 5-year survival rate of 70% or more but frequently lead to long-term neurocognitive defects, and recurrence is relatively high. Genomic sequencing of medulloblastoma patients has shown that "
3787,brain tumour,39062515,Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Gliomas.,"Gliomas are the most common type of malignant brain tumor and are characterized by a plethora of heterogeneous molecular alterations. Current treatments require the emergence of reliable biomarkers that will aid personalized treatment decisions and increase life expectancy. Glioma tissues are not as easily accessible as other solid tumors; therefore, detecting prominent biomarkers in biological fluids is necessary. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates adjacent to the cerebral parenchyma and holds promise for discovering useful prognostic, diagnostic, and predictive biomarkers. In this review, we summarize extensive research regarding the role of circulating DNA, tumor cells, proteins, microRNAs, metabolites, and extracellular vesicles as potential CSF biomarkers for glioma diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring. Future studies should address discrepancies and issues of specificity regarding CSF biomarkers, as well as the validation of candidate biomarkers."
3788,brain tumour,39061969,Brain Tumor MRI Classification Using a Novel Deep Residual and Regional CNN.,"Brain tumor classification is essential for clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. Deep learning models have shown great promise in this task, but they are often challenged by the complex and diverse nature of brain tumors. To address this challenge, we propose a novel deep residual and region-based convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture, called Res-BRNet, for brain tumor classification using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Res-BRNet employs a systematic combination of regional and boundary-based operations within modified spatial and residual blocks. The spatial blocks extract homogeneity, heterogeneity, and boundary-related features of brain tumors, while the residual blocks significantly capture local and global texture variations. We evaluated the performance of Res-BRNet on a challenging dataset collected from Kaggle repositories, Br35H, and figshare, containing various tumor categories, including meningioma, glioma, pituitary, and healthy images. Res-BRNet outperformed standard CNN models, achieving excellent accuracy (98.22%), sensitivity (0.9811), F1-score (0.9841), and precision (0.9822). Our results suggest that Res-BRNet is a promising tool for brain tumor classification, with the potential to improve the accuracy and efficiency of clinical diagnosis and treatment planning."
3789,brain tumour,39061967,Rational Design of Pectin-Chitosan Polyelectrolyte Nanoparticles for Enhanced Temozolomide Delivery in Brain Tumor Therapy.,"Conventional chemotherapeutic approaches currently used for brain tumor treatment have low efficiency in targeted drug delivery and often have non-target toxicity. Development of stable and effective drug delivery vehicles for the most incurable diseases is one of the urgent biomedical challenges. We have developed polymer nanoparticles (NPs) with improved temozolomide (TMZ) delivery for promising brain tumor therapy, performing a rational design of polyelectrolyte complexes of oppositely charged polysaccharides of cationic chitosan and anionic pectin. The NPs' diameter (30 to 330 nm) and zeta-potential (-29 to 73 mV) varied according to the initial mass ratios of the biopolymers. The evaluation of nanomechanical parameters of native NPs demonstrated changes in Young's modulus from 58 to 234 kPa and adhesion from -0.3 to -3.57 pN. Possible mechanisms of NPs' formation preliminary based on ionic interactions between ionogenic functional groups were proposed by IR spectroscopy and dynamic rheology. The study of the parameters and kinetics of TMZ sorption made it possible to identify compounds that most effectively immobilize and release the active substance in model liquids that simulate the internal environment of the body. A polyelectrolyte carrier based on an equal ratio of pectin-chitosan (0.1% by weight) was selected as the most effective for the delivery of TMZ among a series of obtained NPs, which indicates a promising approach to the treatment of brain tumors."
3790,brain tumour,39061957,Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy as a Novel Approach to Modulating Macrophage Polarization for the Treatment of Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain cancer with a poor prognosis despite current treatments. This is partially attributed to the immunosuppressive environment facilitated by tumor-associated macrophages, which predominantly underlie the tumor-promoting M2 phenotype. This study investigated the potential of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy, traditionally used to treat conditions such as decompression sickness, in modulating the macrophage phenotype toward the tumoricidal M1 state and disrupting the supportive tumor microenvironment. HBO has direct antiproliferative effects on tumor cells and reduces hypoxia, which may impair angiogenesis and tumor growth. This offers a novel approach to GBM treatment by targeting the role of the immune system within the tumor microenvironment. The effects of HBO on macrophage polarization and GBM cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated in this study. We detected that HBO promoted M1 macrophage cytokine expression while decreasing GBM cell viability and increasing apoptosis using GBM cell lines and THP-1-derived macrophage-conditioned media. These findings suggest that HBO therapy can shift macrophage polarization toward a tumoricidal M1 state. This can improve GBM cell survival and offers a potential therapeutic strategy. In conclusion, HBO can shift macrophages from a tumor-promoting M2 phenotype to a tumoricidal M1 phenotype in GBM. This can facilitate apoptosis and, in turn, improve treatment outcomes."
3791,brain tumour,39061815,Helmet Radio Frequency Phased Array Applicators Enhance Thermal Magnetic Resonance of Brain Tumors.,"Thermal Magnetic Resonance (ThermalMR) integrates Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) diagnostics and targeted radio-frequency (RF) heating in a single theranostic device. The requirements for MRI (magnetic field) and targeted RF heating (electric field) govern the design of ThermalMR applicators. We hypothesize that helmet RF applicators (HPA) improve the efficacy of ThermalMR of brain tumors versus an annular phased RF array (APA). An HPA was designed using eight broadband self-grounded bow-tie (SGBT) antennae plus two SGBTs placed on top of the head. An APA of 10 equally spaced SGBTs was used as a reference. Electromagnetic field (EMF) simulations were performed for a test object (phantom) and a human head model. For a clinical scenario, the head model was modified with a tumor volume obtained from a patient with glioblastoma multiforme. To assess performance, we introduced multi-target evaluation (MTE) to ensure whole-brain slice accessibility. We implemented time multiplexed vector field shaping to optimize RF excitation. Our EMF and temperature simulations demonstrate that the HPA improves performance criteria critical to MRI and enhances targeted RF and temperature focusing versus the APA. Our findings are a foundation for the experimental implementation and application of a HPA en route to ThermalMR of brain tumors."
3792,brain tumour,39061782,Integrating Convolutional Neural Networks with Attention Mechanisms for Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Classification of Brain Tumors.,"The application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the classification of brain tumors is constrained by the complex and time-consuming characteristics of traditional diagnostics procedures, mainly because of the need for a thorough assessment across several regions. Nevertheless, advancements in deep learning (DL) have facilitated the development of an automated system that improves the identification and assessment of medical images, effectively addressing these difficulties. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have emerged as steadfast tools for image classification and visual perception. This study introduces an innovative approach that combines CNNs with a hybrid attention mechanism to classify primary brain tumors, including glioma, meningioma, pituitary, and no-tumor cases. The proposed algorithm was rigorously tested with benchmark data from well-documented sources in the literature. It was evaluated alongside established pre-trained models such as Xception, ResNet50V2, Densenet201, ResNet101V2, and DenseNet169. The performance metrics of the proposed method were remarkable, demonstrating classification accuracy of 98.33%, precision and recall of 98.30%, and F1-score of 98.20%. The experimental finding highlights the superior performance of the new approach in identifying the most frequent types of brain tumors. Furthermore, the method shows excellent generalization capabilities, making it an invaluable tool for healthcare in diagnosing brain conditions accurately and efficiently."
3793,brain tumour,39061776,Numerical Simulation of Thermal Therapy for Melanoma in Mice.,"In recent years, the progressively escalating incidence and exceptionally high fatality rate of cutaneous melanoma have drawn the attention of numerous scholars. Magnetic induction hyperthermia, as an efficacious tumor treatment modality, has been promoted and applied in the therapy of some tumors. In this paper, the melanoma atop the mice's heads was chosen as the research subject, and a magnetic induction hyperthermia approach based on Helmholtz coils as the magnetic field excitation was investigated and designed. The influence of the electromagnetic field and thermal field on organisms was addressed through modeling by COMSOL simulation software. The results showed that the maximum values of induced electric field and magnetic induction strength in mouse tumor tissues were 63.1 V/m and 8.5621 mT, respectively, which reached the threshold value of magnetic field strength required for magnetic induction hyperthermia. The maxima of the induced electric field and magnetic induction intensity in brain tissues are, respectively, 35.828 V/m and 8.57 mT. Approximately 93% of the tumor tissue can reach 42 °C, and the maximum temperature is 44.2 °C. Within this temperature range, a large quantity of tumor cells can be successfully induced to undergo apoptosis without harming normal cells, and the therapeutic effect is favorable."
3794,brain tumour,39061709,Topotecan in a Real-World Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cohort: Prognostic Biomarkers Improve Selection of Patients for Second-Line Treatment.,"Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive tumor, and overall survival (OS) remains poor despite intensive efforts to develop new treatment strategies. In second line, topotecan is the only approved drug, with a median OS of 5.9 months. However, real-world SCLC patients are often in worse condition and harbor more comorbidities than study populations. Therefore, the real-world performance of topotecan may differ from that seen in studies. Here, we analyzed outcomes of SCLC patients receiving topotecan and identified predictive and prognostic markers."
3795,brain tumour,39061688,Hybrid Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guided Microsurgical Management of Glial Tumors: Case Series and Review of the Literature.,"In this case series, we aimed to report our clinical experience with hybrid positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) navigation in the management of recurrent glial brain tumors. Consecutive recurrent neuroglial brain tumor patients who underwent PET/MRI at preoperative or intraoperative periods were included, whereas patients with non-glial intracranial tumors including metastasis, lymphoma and meningioma were excluded from the study. A total of eight patients (mean age 50.1 ± 11.0 years) with suspicion of recurrent glioma tumor were evaluated. Gross total tumor resection of the PET/MRI-positive area was achieved in seven patients, whereas one patient was diagnosed with radiation necrosis, and surgery was avoided. All patients survived at 1-year follow-up. Five (71.4%) of the recurrent patients remained free of recurrence for the entire follow-up period. Two patients with glioblastoma had tumor recurrence at the postoperative sixth and eighth months. According to our results, hybrid PET/MRI provides reliable and accurate information to distinguish recurrent glial tumor from radiation necrosis. With the help of this differential diagnosis, hybrid imaging may provide the gross total resection of recurrent tumors without harming eloquent brain areas."
3796,brain tumour,39061605,A Novel Hybrid Machine Learning-Based System Using Deep Learning Techniques and Meta-Heuristic Algorithms for Various Medical Datatypes Classification.,"Medicine is one of the fields where the advancement of computer science is making significant progress. Some diseases require an immediate diagnosis in order to improve patient outcomes. The usage of computers in medicine improves precision and accelerates data processing and diagnosis. In order to categorize biological images, hybrid machine learning, a combination of various deep learning approaches, was utilized, and a meta-heuristic algorithm was provided in this research. In addition, two different medical datasets were introduced, one covering the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain tumors and the other dealing with chest X-rays (CXRs) of COVID-19. These datasets were introduced to the combination network that contained deep learning techniques, which were based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) or autoencoder, to extract features and combine them with the next step of the meta-heuristic algorithm in order to select optimal features using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. This combination sought to reduce the dimensionality of the datasets while maintaining the original performance of the data. This is considered an innovative method and ensures highly accurate classification results across various medical datasets. Several classifiers were employed to predict the diseases. The COVID-19 dataset found that the highest accuracy was 99.76% using the combination of CNN-PSO-SVM. In comparison, the brain tumor dataset obtained 99.51% accuracy, the highest accuracy derived using the combination method of autoencoder-PSO-KNN."
3797,brain tumour,39061427,Neuroinflammation in Glioblastoma: Progress and Perspectives.,"Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor, with high morbidity and mortality. Despite an aggressive, multimodal treatment regimen, including surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the prognosis of glioblastoma patients remains poor. One formidable challenge to advancing glioblastoma therapy is the complexity of the tumor microenvironment. The tumor microenvironment of glioblastoma is a highly dynamic and heterogeneous system that consists of not only cancerous cells but also various resident or infiltrating inflammatory cells. These inflammatory cells not only provide a unique tumor environment for glioblastoma cells to develop and grow but also play important roles in regulating tumor aggressiveness and treatment resistance. Targeting the tumor microenvironment, especially neuroinflammation, has increasingly been recognized as a novel therapeutic approach in glioblastoma. In this review, we discuss the components of the tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma, focusing on neuroinflammation. We discuss the interactions between different tumor microenvironment components as well as their functions in regulating glioblastoma pathogenesis and progression. We will also discuss the anti-tumor microenvironment interventions that can be employed as potential therapeutic targets."
3798,brain tumour,39061222,"Brain Metastasis in the Emergency Department: Epidemiology, Presentation, Investigations, and Management.","Brain metastases (BMs) are the most prevalent type of cerebral tumor, significantly affecting survival. In adults, lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma are the primary cancers associated with BMs. Symptoms often result from brain compression, and patients may present to the emergency department (ED) with life-threatening conditions. The goal of treatment of BMs is to maximize survival and quality of life by choosing the least toxic therapy. Surgical resection followed by cavity radiation or definitive stereotactic radiosurgery remains the standard approach, depending on the patient's condition. Conversely, whole brain radiation therapy is becoming more limited to cases with multiple inoperable BMs and is less frequently used for postoperative control. BMs often signal advanced systemic disease, and patients usually present to the ED with poorly controlled symptoms, justifying hospitalization. Over half of patients with BMs in the ED are admitted, making effective ED-based management a challenge. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and current treatment options of patients with BMs. Additionally, it provides an overview of ED management and highlights the challenges faced in this setting. An improved understanding of the reasons for potentially avoidable hospitalizations in cancer patients with BMs is needed and could help emergency physicians distinguish patients who can be safely discharged from those who require observation or hospitalization."
3799,brain tumour,39061211,Clinical and Imaging Follow-Up for High-Risk Cutaneous Melanoma: Current Evidence and Guidelines.,"The most recent (eighth) edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system divides invasive cutaneous melanoma into two broad groups: ""low-risk"" (stage IA-IIA) and ""high-risk"" (stage IIB-IV). While surveillance imaging for high-risk melanoma patients makes intuitive sense, supporting data are limited in that they are mostly respective and used varying methods, schedules, and endpoints. As a result, there is a lack of uniformity across different dermatologic and oncologic organizations regarding recommendations for follow-up, especially regarding imaging. That said, the bulk of retrospective and prospective data support imaging follow-up for high-risk patients. Currently, it seems that either positron emission tomography (PET) or whole-body computerized tomography (CT) are reasonable options for follow-up, with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) preferred for the detection of brain metastases in patients who can undergo it. The current era of effective systemic therapies (ESTs), which can improve disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) beyond lead-time bias, has emphasized the role of imaging in detecting various patterns of EST response and treatment relapse, as well as the importance of radiologic tumor burden."
3800,brain tumour,39061207,Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Particle Beam Therapy versus Photon Radiotherapy for Skull Base Chordoma: TRP-Chordoma 2024.,"[Objective] The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of particle beam therapy (PT) with photon radiotherapy (RT) for treatment of skull base chordoma. [Methods] A systematic review was conducted for skull base chordoma treated with PT or photon RT reported from 1990 to 2022. Data were extracted for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), late adverse events, age, gender, gross total resection (GTR) rates, tumor volume, total irradiation dose, and treatment modality. Random-effects meta-regression analysis with the treatment modality as an explanatory variable was performed for each outcome to compare the modalities. [Results] A meta-analysis of 30 selected articles found 3- and 5-year OS rates for PT vs. photon RT or combined photon RT/proton beam therapy (PBT) of 90.8% (95% CI: 87.4-93.3%) vs. 89.5% (95% CI: 83.0-93.6%), "
3801,brain tumour,39061148,Primary Meningeal Melanocytic Tumors of the Central Nervous System: A Review from the Ultra-Rare Brain Tumors Task Force of the European Network for Rare Cancers (EURACAN).,"Primary meningeal melanocytic tumors are ultra-rare entities with distinct histological and molecular features compared with other melanocytic or pigmented lesions, such as brain and leptomeningeal metastases from metastatic melanoma."
3802,brain tumour,39061140,Glioma-Stem-Cell-Derived Exosomes Remodeled Glioma-Associated Macrophage via NEAT1/miR-125a/STAT3 Pathway.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), as the most common primary brain tumor, usually results in an extremely poor prognosis, in which glioma stem cells (GSCs) and their immunosuppressive microenvironment prominently intervene in the resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy that directly leads to tumor recurrence and shortened survival time. The specific mechanism through which exosomes generated from GSCs support the creation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment remains unknown, while it is acknowledged to be engaged in intercellular communication and the regulation of the glioma immunosuppressive microenvironment. The elevated expression of LncRNA-NEAT1 was found in glioma cells after radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and DNA damage stimulation, and NEAT1 could promote the malignant biological activities of GSCs. Emerging evidence suggests that lncRNAs may reply to external stimuli or DNA damage by playing a role in modulating different aspects of tumor biology. Our study demonstrated a promotive role of the carried NEAT1 by GSC-derived exosomes in the polarization of M2-like macrophages. Further experiments demonstrated the mediative role of miR-125a and its target gene STAT3 in NEAT1-induced polarization of M2-like macrophages that promote glioma progression. Our findings elucidate the mechanism by which GSCs influence the polarization of M2-like macrophages through exosomes, which may contribute to the formation of immunosuppressive microenvironments. Taken together, our study reveals the miR-125a-STAT3 pathway through which exosomal NEAT1 from treatment-resistant GSCs contributes to M2-like macrophage polarization, indicating the potential of exosomal NEAT1 for treating glioma."
3803,brain tumour,39061104,"Neuroradiological, genetic and clinical characteristics of histone H3 K27-mutant diffuse midline gliomas in the Kansai Molecular Diagnosis Network for CNS Tumors (Kansai Network): multicenter retrospective cohort.","This study aims to elucidate the clinical and molecular characteristics, treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with histone H3 K27-mutant diffuse midline glioma. We retrospectively analyzed 93 patients with diffuse midline glioma (47 thalamus, 24 brainstem, 12 spinal cord and 10 other midline locations) treated at 24 affiliated hospitals in the Kansai Molecular Diagnosis Network for CNS Tumors. Considering the term ""midline"" areas, which had been confused in previous reports, we classified four midline locations based on previous reports and anatomical findings. Clinical and molecular characteristics of the study cohort included: age 4-78 years, female sex (41%), lower-grade histology (56%), preoperative Karnofsky performance status (KPS) scores ≥ 80 (49%), resection (36%), adjuvant radiation plus chemotherapy (83%), temozolomide therapy (76%), bevacizumab therapy (42%), HIST1H3B p.K27M mutation (2%), TERT promoter mutation (3%), MGMT promoter methylation (9%), BRAF p.V600E mutation (1%), FGFR1 mutation (14%) and EGFR mutation (3%). Median progression-free and overall survival time was 9.9 ± 1.0 (7.9-11.9, 95% CI) and 16.6 ± 1.4 (13.9-19.3, 95% CI) months, respectively. Female sex, preoperative KPS score ≥ 80, adjuvant radiation + temozolomide and radiation ≥ 50 Gy were associated with favorable prognosis. Female sex and preoperative KPS score ≥ 80 were identified as independent good prognostic factors. This study demonstrated the current state of clinical practice for patients with diffuse midline glioma and molecular analyses of diffuse midline glioma in real-world settings. Further investigation in a larger population would contribute to better understanding of the pathology of diffuse midline glioma."
3804,brain tumour,39061087,"Extracranial metastatic oligodendroglioma with molecular progression, case presentation.","Extraneural metastasis of central nervous system tumors is generally rare and most often reported in glioblastomas and medulloblastomas, whereas oligodendrogliomas seem to have the lowest risk of extracranial metastasis. Given its infrequent occurrence, both the diagnosis and therapy of metastatic oligodendroglioma is often challenging."
3805,brain tumour,39061079,Association of increasing gross tumor volume dose with tumor volume reduction and local control in fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery for unresected brain metastases.,"Fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (fSRS) is an important treatment strategy for unresected brain metastases. We previously reported that a good volumetric response 6 months after fSRS can be the first step for local control. Few studies have reported the association between gross tumor volume (GTV) dose, volumetric response, and local control in patients treated with the same number of fractions. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the GTV dose and volumetric response 6 months after fSRS in five daily fractions and identify the predictive GTV dose for local failure (LF) for unresected brain metastasis."
3806,brain tumour,39061012,Interprofessional contact with conventional healthcare providers in oncology: a survey among complementary medicine practitioners.,"Half of all patients with cancer use complementary medicine. Given the benefits and risks associated with complementary medicine use, contact between complementary medicine practitioners and conventional healthcare providers (oncologists, nurses) is important for monitoring the health and well-being of mutual patients with cancer. Research on occurrence of such interprofessional contact is scarce. This study aims to describe complementary medicine practitioners' experiences with contact with conventional healthcare providers about mutual patients with cancer and the importance they attach to patient disclosure of complementary medicine use to their conventional healthcare provider. Predictors for interprofessional contact are explored."
3807,brain tumour,39061000,"Hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocytes and platelets (HALP) score as a predictor of survival in patients with glioblastoma (GBM).",We aimed to investigate whether the HALP score was a predictor of survival in patients with Glioblastoma (GBM).
3808,brain tumour,39060968,Hippocampal avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost in lung cancer brain metastases and utility of the Hopkins verbal learning test for testing cognitive impairment in Chinese patients: a prospective phase II study.,This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of hippocampal avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy with a simultaneous integrated boost (HA-WBRT-SIB) treating brain metastases (BM) and utility of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) (Chinese version) in Chinese lung cancer patients.
3809,brain tumour,39060966,Prevalence of dysphagia following posterior fossa tumor resection: a systematic review and meta‑analysis.,"Dysphagia is common in individuals who have undergone posterior fossa tumor (PFT) resection and negatively impacts on the individual's quality of life, nutritional status, and overall health. We aimed to quantitatively synthesize data from studies of the prevalence of dysphagia following PFT resection."
3810,brain tumour,39060768,"4,5-Dimethoxycanthin-6-one Inhibits Glioblastoma Stem Cell and Tumor Growth by Inhibiting TSPAN1 Interaction with TM4SF1.","Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) have been implicated in the self-renewal and treatment resistance of glioblastoma (GBM). Our previous study found that 4,5-dimethoxycanthin-6-one has the potential to inhibit GBM cell proliferation. This current study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of 4,5-dimethoxycanthin-6-one in GBM development. The effect of 4,5-dimethoxycanthin-6-one on GSC formation and differentiation was explored in human GBM cell lines U251 and U87. Subsequently, 4,5-dimethoxycanthin-6-one binding to tetraspanin 1 (TSPAN1) / transmembrane 4 L six family member 1 (TM4SF1) was analyzed by molecular simulation docking. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and immunofluorescence (IF) were used to assess the interactions between TSPAN1 and TM4SF1 in GSCs. Cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assay. To evaluate cell migration, invasion and apoptosis, we employed wound healing assay, transwell and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, subcutaneous xenograft tumor models in nude mice were constructed to evaluate the impact of 4,5-dimethoxycanthin-6-one on GSCs in vivo by examining tumor growth and histological characteristics. 4,5-Dimethoxycanthin-6-one inhibited GSC formation and promoted stem cell differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. Molecular docking models of 4,5-dimethoxycanthin-6-one with TM4SF1 and TSPAN1 were constructed. Then, the interaction between TSPAN1 and TM4SF1 in GSC was clarified. Moreover, 4,5-dimethoxycanthin-6-one significantly inhibited the expressions of TM4SF1 and TSPAN1 in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of TSPAN1 partially reversed the inhibitory effects of 4,5-dimethoxycanthin-6-one on GSC formation, proliferation, migration and invasion. 4,5-Dimethoxycanthin-6-one inhibited GBM progression by inhibiting TSPAN1/TM4SF1 axis. 4,5-Dimethoxycanthin-6-one might be a novel and effective drug for the treatment of GBM."
3811,brain tumour,39060766,LINC00894 Regulates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Stabilizing EIF5 and Facilitating ATF4-Mediated Induction of FGF21 and ACOD1 Expression.,"The non-coding RNA LINC00894 modulates tumor proliferation and drug resistance. However, its role in brain is still unclear. Using RNA-pull down combined with mass spectrometry and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation, EIF5 was identified to interact with LINC00894. Furthermore, LINC00894 knockdown decreased EIF5 protein expression, whereas LINC00894 overexpression increased EIF5 protein expression in SH-SY5Y and BE(2)-M17 (M17) neuroblastoma cells. Additionally, LINC00894 affected the ubiquitination modification of EIF5. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated LINC00894 overexpression in the brain inhibited the expression of activated Caspase-3, while increased EIF5 protein level in rats and mice subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion (MCAO/R). Meanwhile, LINC00894 knockdown increased the number of apoptotic cells and expression of activated Caspase-3, and its overexpression decreased them in the oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro models. Further, LINC00894 was revealed to regulated ATF4 protein expression in condition of OGD/R and normoxia. LINC00894 knockdown also decreased the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and ATF4, downregulated glutathione (GSH), and the ratio of GSH to oxidized GSH (GSH: GSSG) in vitro. By using RNA-seq combined with qRT-PCR and immunoblot, we identified that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1), as the ATF4 target genes were regulated by LINC00894 in the MCAO/R model. Finally, we revealed that ATF4 transcriptionally regulated FGF21 and ACOD1 expression; ectopic overexpression of FGF21 or ACOD1 in LINC00894 knockdown cells decreased activated Caspase-3 expression in the OGD/R model. Our results demonstrated that LINC00894 regulated cerebral ischemia injury by stabilizing EIF5 and facilitating EIF5-ATF4-dependent induction of FGF21 and ACOD1."
3812,brain tumour,39060764,AG-MSTLN-EL: A Multi-source Transfer Learning Approach to Brain Tumor Detection.,"The analysis of medical images (MI) is an important part of advanced medicine as it helps detect and diagnose various diseases early. Classifying brain tumors through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) poses a challenge demanding accurate models for effective diagnosis and treatment planning. This paper introduces AG-MSTLN-EL, an attention-aided multi-source transfer learning ensemble learning model leveraging multi-source transfer learning (Visual Geometry Group ResNet and GoogLeNet), attention mechanisms, and ensemble learning to achieve robust and accurate brain tumor classification. Multi-source transfer learning allows knowledge extraction from diverse domains, enhancing generalization. The attention mechanism focuses on specific MRI regions, increasing interpretability and classification performance. Ensemble learning combines k-nearest neighbor, Softmax, and support vector machine classifiers, improving both accuracy and reliability. Evaluating the model's performance on a dataset with 3064 brain tumor MRI images, AG-MSTLN-EL outperforms state-of-the-art models in terms of all classification measures. The model's innovative combination of transfer learning, attention mechanism, and ensemble learning provides a reliable solution for brain tumor classification. Its superior performance and high interpretability make AG-MSTLN-EL a valuable tool for clinicians and researchers in medical image analysis."
3813,brain tumour,39060746,Responsive neurostimulation in pediatric epilepsy: a systematic review and individual patient meta-analysis supplemented by a single institution case series in 105 aggregated patients.,"To assess responsive neurostimulation (RNS) efficacy in pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, comparing response (≥ 50% reduction in seizure frequency) rates between patients with two or fewer seizure foci and those with multifocal or generalized epilepsy. This study seeks to address the gap in knowledge regarding RNS effectiveness in pediatric populations."
3814,brain tumour,39060564,The pons as an optimal background reference region for spinal ,This study aims to evaluate the effect of various background reference regions on spinal 
3815,brain tumour,39060536,"Multiple craniotomies in patients with brain metastases: a two-center, propensity score-matched study.","The current study addresses the question of whether the resection of more than one BM by multiple craniotomies within the same operation is associated with more adverse events (AEs) and worse functional outcome compared to cases in which only one BM was resected. All patients who underwent more than one craniotomy for resection of multiple BM at two Swiss tertiary neurosurgical care centers were included. Any AEs, functional outcome, and overall survival (OS) were analyzed after 1:1 propensity score matching with patients who underwent removal of a single BM only. A total of 94 patients were included in the final study cohort (47 of whom underwent multiple craniotomies). There was no significant difference in the incidence of AEs between the single and the multiple craniotomy group (n = 2 (4.3%) vs. n = 4 (8.5%), p = .7). Change in modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) at discharge demonstrated that slightly more single craniotomy patients improved in mRS, while the proportion of patients who worsened in mRS (16.3 vs. 16.7%) and KPS (13.6 vs. 15.2%) was similar in both groups (p = .42 for mRS and p = .92 for KPS). Survival analysis showed no significant differences in OS between patients with single and multiple craniotomies (p = .18). Resection of multiple BM with more than one craniotomy may be considered a safe option without increased AEs or worse functional outcome."
3816,brain tumour,39060475,Letter to the editor: Association between patient-reported cognitive function and location of glioblastoma.,No abstract found
3817,brain tumour,39060383,A data-centric machine learning approach to improve prediction of glioma grades using low-imbalance TCGA data.,"Accurate prediction and grading of gliomas play a crucial role in evaluating brain tumor progression, assessing overall prognosis, and treatment planning. In addition to neuroimaging techniques, identifying molecular biomarkers that can guide the diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of the response to therapy has aroused the interest of researchers in their use together with machine learning and deep learning models. Most of the research in this field has been model-centric, meaning it has been based on finding better performing algorithms. However, in practice, improving data quality can result in a better model. This study investigates a data-centric machine learning approach to determine their potential benefits in predicting glioma grades. We report six performance metrics to provide a complete picture of model performance. Experimental results indicate that standardization and oversizing the minority class increase the prediction performance of four popular machine learning models and two classifier ensembles applied on a low-imbalanced data set consisting of clinical factors and molecular biomarkers. The experiments also show that the two classifier ensembles significantly outperform three of the four standard prediction models. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive descriptive analysis of the glioma data set to identify relevant statistical characteristics and discover the most informative attributes using four feature ranking algorithms."
3818,brain tumour,39060375,Targeting Fn14 as a therapeutic target for cachexia reprograms the glycolytic pathway in tumour and brain in mice.,"Cachexia is a complex syndrome characterized by unintentional weight loss, progressive muscle wasting and loss of appetite. Anti-Fn14 antibody (mAb 002) targets the TWEAK receptor (Fn14) in murine models of cancer cachexia and can extend the lifespan of mice by restoring the body weight of mice. Here, we investigated glucose metabolic changes in murine models of cachexia via ["
3819,brain tumour,39060078,Alterations of the Glymphatic System in Glioblastomas: A Systematic Review.,"The glioblastomas, aggressive brain tumors with a poor prognosis, have drawn interest in their interaction with the glymphatic system-an emerging brain drainage network. This review explores the relationship between glioblastomas and the glymphatic system, aiming to elucidate their impact on disease progression. The aim of the study was to address the alterations in the glymphatic system in the presence of glioblastoma, and their implications for disease pathogenesis and prognosis."
3820,brain tumour,39060067,Survival Impact of Postoperative Whole-brain Radiotherapy and Systemic Chemotherapy After Surgical Resection of Brain Metastases.,"Resection of brain metastases is a well-established treatment modality that can prolong the survival of patients for whom surgery is indicated. Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) has been the standard postoperative therapy. In recent years, however, clinicians have increasingly avoided WBRT due to its associated adverse events. This study investigated the impact of postoperative WBRT and systemic chemotherapy as prognostic factors on the survival of patients who had undergone resection of brain metastases."
3821,brain tumour,39060063,Unveiling the Complex Ecosystem of Breast Cancer: Crucial Insights for Patients and Doctors.,"Breast cancer, a multifaceted disease, presents a dynamic ecosystem where the primary tumor interacts intricately with its microenvironment, circulatory system, and distant organs. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) disseminate from the primary tumor to organs, such as the brain, lungs, liver, and bones, encountering various fates: cell death, cellular dormancy, or senescence. Dormant cells, characterized by reversible growth arrest at the G"
3822,brain tumour,39060050,Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Brain Metastases of Lung Cancer: Prognostic Significance and Correlation With Clinical Outcomes.,"The prognosis of patients with brain metastases (BMs) originating from lung cancer remains poor, despite advancements in treatment strategies. The role of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) within the tumor immune microenvironment of BMs has not been extensively explored."
3823,brain tumour,39059994,Diagnostic and predictive abilities of myokines in patients with heart failure.,"Myokines are defined as a heterogenic group of numerous cytokines, peptides and metabolic derivates, which are expressed, synthesized, produced, and released by skeletal myocytes and myocardial cells and exert either auto- and paracrine, or endocrine effects. Previous studies revealed that myokines play a pivotal role in mutual communications between skeletal muscles, myocardium and remote organs, such as brain, vasculature, bone, liver, pancreas, white adipose tissue, gut, and skin. Despite several myokines exert complete divorced biological effects mainly in regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, residential cells differentiation, neovascularization/angiogenesis, vascular integrity, endothelial function, inflammation and apoptosis/necrosis, attenuating ischemia/hypoxia and tissue protection, tumor growth and malignance, for other occasions, their predominant effects affect energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, adiposity, muscle training adaptation and food behavior. Last decade had been identified 250 more myokines, which have been investigating for many years further as either biomarkers or targets for heart failure management. However, only few myokines have been allocated to a promising tool for monitoring adverse cardiac remodeling, ischemia/hypoxia-related target-organ dysfunction, microvascular inflammation, sarcopenia/myopathy and prediction for poor clinical outcomes among patients with HF. This we concentrate on some most plausible myokines, such as myostatin, myonectin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, muslin, fibroblast growth factor 21, irisin, leukemia inhibitory factor, developmental endothelial locus-1, interleukin-6, nerve growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1, which are suggested to be useful biomarkers for HF development and progression."
3824,brain tumour,39059983,Unlocking estrogen receptor: Structural insights into agonists and antagonists for glioblastoma therapy.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), a malignant brain tumor originating in glial cells, is one of the most common primary brain malignancies, affecting one in 100,000 people, typically in the frontal lobe. Estrogens, like estradiol-17 (E2), significantly influence GBM progression, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Estrogen receptors (ERs) are crucial in signal transduction and physiology, making them potential therapeutic targets. However, their roles in GBM pathogenesis remain unclear. This review explores ERs in GBM, focusing on their involvement in tumor immune evasion, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, and the mechanisms underlying GBM progression. Additionally, therapeutic opportunities targeting ERs for GBM treatment are discussed. Estrogen, synthesized primarily in ovaries and in smaller amounts by adrenal glands and fat tissues, regulates reproductive systems, bone density, skin health, and cardiovascular function. The invasive nature and heterogeneity of GBM complicate therapy development. Preclinical findings suggest that endocrine therapy with hormone receptor agonists or antagonists can extend patient survival and improve post-treatment quality of life. The ERβ pathway, in particular, shows tumor-suppressive potential, limiting glioma progression with fewer side effects. ERβ agonists could become a novel drug class for GBM treatment. Identifying biomarkers and specific therapeutic targets is crucial for early detection and improved prognosis. Estrogen and its receptors are advantageous for GBM treatment due to their regulation of numerous biological processes, ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and genomic and non-genomic control of transcription, making them promising targets for GBM therapy."
3825,brain tumour,39059735,Longitudinal changes in retinal ganglion cell function in optic pathway glioma evaluated by photopic negative response.,"Photopic negative response (PhNR), an index of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function, is impaired in patients with optic pathway gliomas (OPGs). The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate whether PhNR deteriorates over time in OPG patients. Fourteen pediatric patients affected by OPG (4 males and 10 females, mean age 12.4 ± 5.7 years, 8 with neurofibromatosis type 1 [NF1]) with ≥12 months of follow-up and ≥2 evaluations, were included in this retrospective study. All patients had received chemotherapy, with or without OPG surgical resection, at least 5 years prior to the study. At baseline, all patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination. Follow-up included clinical examination and PhNR measurement as well as brain MRI (according to pediatric oncologist indications) every 6 or 12 months. Mean follow-up duration was 16.7 ± 7.5 months (range 12-36 months). Photopic electroretinograms were elicited by 2.0 cd-s/m"
3826,brain tumour,39059724,Transsylvian Insular Glioma Surgery.,"Currently, there is a unanimous opinion that the first line of the treatment of insular gliomas is microsurgical removal."
3827,brain tumour,39059571,Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms of coniferaldehyde in lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation: Involvement of AMPK/Nrf2 and TAK1/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways.,"Microglia are primarily involved in inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress in the brain; as such reducing microglial activation has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of coniferaldehyde (CFA), a naturally occurring cinnamaldehyde derivative, on activated microglia to evaluate its therapeutic potential. CFA inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. CFA also inhibited intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and oxidative stress markers such as 4-HNE and 8-OHdG. Detailed mechanistic studies showed that CFA exerted anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting TAK1-mediated MAP kinase/NF-κB activation and upregulating AMPK signaling pathways. In addition, CFA exerted antioxidant effects by inhibiting the NADPH oxidase subunits and by increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1, NQO1, and catalase by upregulating Nrf2 signaling. Finally, we confirmed the effects of CFA on the brains of the LPS-injected mice. CFA inhibited microglial activation and the expression of proinflammatory markers and increased Nrf2-driven antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, CFA inhibited the production of 4-HNE and 8-OHdG in the brains of LPS-injected mice. As a result, CFA's significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may have therapeutic applications in neuroinflammatory disorders related with oxidative stress and microglial activation."
3828,brain tumour,39059508,Extended nnU-Net for Brain Metastasis Detection and Segmentation in Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging With a Large Multi-Institutional Data Set.,The purpose of this study was to investigate an extended self-adapting nnU-Net framework for detecting and segmenting brain metastases (BM) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
3829,brain tumour,39059428,ERRATUM: Pegvisomant and pasireotide in PRL and GH co-secreting vs GH-secreting Pit-NETs.,No abstract found
3830,brain tumour,39059334,"Geriatric grade 2 and 3 gliomas: A national cancer database analysis of demographics, treatment utilization, and survival.","With increasing life expectancies and population aging, the incidence of elderly patients with grade 2 and 3 gliomas is increasing. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on factors affecting their treatment selection and overall survival (OS). Geriatric patients aged between 60 and 89 years with histologically proven grade 2 and 3 intracranial gliomas were identified from the National Cancer Database between 2010 and 2017. We analyzed patients' demographic data, tumor characteristics, treatment modality, and outcomes. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze OS. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the predictive factors of mortality and treatment selection. A total of 6257 patients were identified: 3533 (56.3 %) hexagenerians, 2063 (32.9 %) septuagenarians, and 679 (10.8 %) octogenarians. We identified predictors of lower OS in patients, including demographic factors (older age, non-zero Charlson-Deyo score, non-Hispanic ethnicity), socioeconomic factors (low income, treatment at non-academic centers, government insurance), and tumor-specific factors (higher grade, astrocytoma histology, multifocality). Receiving surgery and chemotherapy were associated with a lower risk of mortality, whereas receiving radiotherapy was not associated with better OS. Our findings provide valuable insights into the complex interplay of demographic, socioeconomic, and tumor-specific factors that influence treatment selection and OS in geriatric grade 2 and 3 gliomas. We found that advancing age correlates with a decrease in OS and a reduced likelihood of undergoing surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. While receiving surgery and chemotherapy were associated with improved OS, radiotherapy did not exhibit a similar association."
3831,brain tumour,39059287,Adjuvant therapy for brain tumors in LMICs: A systematic review of barriers and possible solutions.,"Adjuvant therapy is an important tool in the arsenal of brain tumor management and can improve patients' outcomes significantly but low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) often face challenges in provision. Therefore, our study aims to highlight barriers and strategies to adjuvant therapy of brain tumors in low-resource settings."
3832,brain tumour,39059241,Federated brain tumor segmentation: An extensive benchmark.,"Recently, federated learning has raised increasing interest in the medical image analysis field due to its ability to aggregate multi-center data with privacy-preserving properties. A large amount of federated training schemes have been published, which we categorize into global (one final model), personalized (one model per institution) or hybrid (one model per cluster of institutions) methods. However, their applicability on the recently published Federated Brain Tumor Segmentation 2022 dataset has not been explored yet. We propose an extensive benchmark of federated learning algorithms from all three classes on this task. While standard FedAvg already performs very well, we show that some methods from each category can bring a slight performance improvement and potentially limit the final model(s) bias toward the predominant data distribution of the federation. Moreover, we provide a deeper understanding of the behavior of federated learning on this task through alternative ways of distributing the pooled dataset among institutions, namely an Independent and Identical Distributed (IID) setup, and a limited data setup. Our code is available at (https://github.com/MatthisManthe/Benchmark_FeTS2022)."
3833,brain tumour,39058968,"Hodgkin lymphoma involving the extra-axial CNS: an AHOD1331, PHL-C1, and PHL-C2 report from the COG and EuroNet-PHL.","Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) involving the central nervous system (CNS) is exceedingly rare. Information regarding the presentation, management, treatment, and outcome of patients with CNS HL is limited to case reports or small series. We describe 45 pediatric patients with 55 extra-axial CNS lesions at diagnosis with HL from a cohort of 4995 patients enrolled on Children's Oncology Group AHOD1331 and the European Network for Pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma C1 and C2 trials, with an overall incidence of 0.9%. Up to 82.2% of patients had a single CNS lesion in the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral spine. In the evaluated cohort, HL did not occur within the CNS parenchyma. Lesions extended into the extra-axial CNS space from adjacent soft tissue or bone and never directly infiltrated through the dura into the brain or spinal cord. Patients with CNS involvement had a twofold greater incidence of extranodal lesions than previously reported cohorts without CNS involvement. After 2 cycles of chemotherapy, 89.1% of CNS lesions demonstrated a complete metabolic response and >75% decrease in volume. Thirteen CNS lesions (23.6%) received irradiation; none were sites of disease relapse. Relapse occurred at the site of 2 lesions involving the CNS, both of which had an adequate interim response to chemotherapy. In summary, we present, to our knowledge, the largest reported cohort of systemic HL involving the CNS at diagnosis, demonstrating that these lesions originate from surrounding tissues, extend into the extra-axial CNS space, and respond similarly to other nodal and extranodal disease. The trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02166463, #NCT00433459, and #NCT02684708."
3834,brain tumour,39058900,Molecular Developments in Parasellar Tumors and Potential Therapeutic Implications.,"The parasellar region is the anatomical area around the sella turcica that represents a crucial crossroad for important adjacent structures. Several distinct tumors can primarily originate from this area, the most common being meningiomas, gliomas, embryonal cell tumors, germ cell tumors, and craniopharyngiomas. In addition, a number of systemic and inflammatory disorders can also affect the parasellar region, most commonly involving the pituitary. These lesions have different pathologic characteristics and malignant potential according to the new World Health Organization CNS5 2021 classification. Signs and symptoms may be nonspecific and are mostly related to a mass effect on the surrounding anatomical structures and/or impairment of endocrine function, whereas the vast majority lack a secretory component. The mutational signature analysis based on advances in molecular techniques has recently enabled the identification of specific gene mutations or signaling pathway aberrations. These developments may serve as a powerful means to delineate the pathophysiology of these lesions and serve as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tool, particularly for high-risk populations. Treatment options include surgery alone or in combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and disease-specific medical therapy, in order to prevent recurrence or further tumor growth along with replacement of coexistent pituitary hormonal deficiencies. In this comprehensive review, we present the current state-of-the-art developments in the histopathology and molecular biology of parasellar lesions, which often represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, that may be utilized by a dedicated multidisciplinary team for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of these lesions."
3835,brain tumour,39058827,Unveiling the unprecedented - Very late brain metastasis in cholangiocarcinoma: A case report and comprehensive analysis.,"Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) frequently invades nearby lymph nodes, the liver, and lungs. The liver and lungs are also common anatomic sites for the first recurrence of CCA. However, metastasis to the brain is exceptionally rare."
3836,brain tumour,39058809,"A phase 2, open-label study of anti-inflammatory NE3107 in patients with dementias.","Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, multifactorial, neurodegenerative disorder affecting >6 million Americans. Chronic, low-grade neuroinflammation, and insulin resistance may drive AD pathogenesis. We explored the neurophysiological and neuropsychological effects of NE3107, an oral, anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing molecule, in AD."
3837,brain tumour,39058687,Comprehensive integrated single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of brain metastasis and glioma microenvironment: Contrasting heterogeneity landscapes.,"Understanding the specific type of brain malignancy, source of brain metastasis, and underlying transformation mechanisms can help provide better treatment and less harm to patients. The tumor microenvironment plays a fundamental role in cancer progression and affects both primary and metastatic cancers. The use of single-cell RNA sequencing to gain insights into the heterogeneity profiles in the microenvironment of brain malignancies is useful for guiding treatment decisions. To comprehensively investigate the heterogeneity in gliomas and brain metastasis originating from different sources (lung and breast), we integrated data from three groups of single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets obtained from GEO. We gathered and processed single-cell RNA sequencing data from 90,168 cells obtained from 17 patients. We then employed the R package Seurat for dataset integration. Next, we clustered the data within the UMAP space and acquired differentially expressed genes for cell categorization. Our results underscore the significance of macrophages as abundant and pivotal constituents of gliomas. In contrast, lung-to-brain metastases exhibit elevated numbers of AT2, cytotoxic CD4+ T, and exhausted CD8+ T cells. Conversely, breast-to-brain metastases are characterized by an abundance of epithelial and myCAF cells. Our study not only illuminates the variation in the TME between brain metastasis with different origins but also opens the door to utilizing established markers for these cell types to differentiate primary brain metastatic cancers."
3838,brain tumour,39058677,Secondary Pituitary Abscess: A Rare Complication of Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Adenoma - Description of Two New Cases and Review of the Literature.,
3839,brain tumour,39058662,"Evaluation of ex vivo drug combination optimization platform in recurrent high grade astrocytic glioma: An interventional, non-randomized, open-label trial protocol.","High grade astrocytic glioma (HGG) is a lethal solid malignancy with high recurrence rates and limited survival. While several cytotoxic agents have demonstrated efficacy against HGG, drug sensitivity testing platforms to aid in therapy selection are lacking. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) have been shown to faithfully preserve the biological characteristics of several cancer types including HGG, and coupled with the experimental-analytical hybrid platform Quadratic Phenotypic Optimization Platform (QPOP) which evaluates therapeutic sensitivity at a patient-specific level, may aid as a tool for personalized medical decisions to improve treatment outcomes for HGG patients."
3840,brain tumour,39058591,The chemokine Cxcl14 regulates interneuron differentiation in layer I of the somatosensory cortex.,"Spontaneous and sensory-evoked activity sculpts developing circuits. Yet, how these activity patterns intersect with cellular programs regulating the differentiation of neuronal subtypes is not well understood. Through electrophysiological and in vivo longitudinal analyses, we show that C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (Cxcl14), a gene previously characterized for its association with tumor invasion, is expressed by single-bouquet cells (SBCs) in layer I (LI) of the somatosensory cortex during development. Sensory deprivation at neonatal stages markedly decreases Cxcl14 expression. Additionally, we report that loss of function of this gene leads to increased intrinsic excitability of SBCs-but not LI neurogliaform cells-and augments neuronal complexity. Furthermore, Cxcl14 loss impairs sensory map formation and compromises the in vivo recruitment of superficial interneurons by sensory inputs. These results indicate that Cxcl14 is required for LI differentiation and demonstrate the emergent role of chemokines as key players in cortical network development."
3841,brain tumour,39057891,Single Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Migration Tracking into Glioblastoma Using Photoconvertible Vesicles.,"Reliable cell labeling and tracking techniques are imperative for elucidating the intricate and ambiguous interactions between mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and tumors. Here, we explore fluorescent photoconvertible nanoengineered vesicles to study mMSC migration in brain tumors. These 3 μm sized vesicles made of carbon nanoparticles, Rhodamine B (RhB), and polyelectrolytes are readily internalized by cells. The dye undergoes photoconversion under 561 nm laser exposure with a fluorescence blue shift upon demand. The optimal laser irradiation duration for photoconversion was 0.4 ms, which provided a maximal blue shift of the fluorescent signal label without excessive laser exposure on cells. Vesicles modified with an extra polymer layer demonstrated enhanced intracellular uptake without remarkable effects on cell viability, motility, or proliferation. The optimal ratio of 20 vesicles per mMSC was determined. Moreover, the migration of individual mMSCs within 2D and 3D glioblastoma cell (EPNT-5) colonies over 2 days and in vivo tumor settings over 7 days were traced. Our study provides a robust nanocomposite platform for investigating MSC-tumor dynamics and offers insights into envisaged therapeutic strategies. Photoconvertible vesicles also present an indispensable tool for studying complex fundamental processes of cell-cell interactions for a wide range of problems in biomedicine."
3842,brain tumour,39057192,Targeted Delivery of Nanoparticle-Conveyed Neutrophils to the Glioblastoma Site for Efficient Therapy.,"Glioblastoma is a common brain tumor that poses considerable challenges in drug delivery. In this study, we investigated the potential of cell-based nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery to the glioblastoma sites. The anticancer drug of temozolomide (TMZ)-loaded T7-cholesterol nanoparticle micelles efficiently delivered nanoparticles to neutrophils and, subsequently, to the tumors. T7 is a cell-penetrating peptide that enhances the delivery of T7/TMZ to the target cells. T7 also serves as a transferrin target peptide, enabling targeted delivery to tumors. T7-conjugated cholesterol can self-assemble into micelles in aqueous solution and attach to the membrane of neutrophils. We confirmed that T7/TMZ nanoparticle micelles were efficiently located inside the neutrophils. Thereafter, T7/TMZ-conveyed neutrophils were administered to a glioblastoma mouse model, enabling neutrophils to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and deliver drugs directly to the tumor site. We evaluated the drug delivery efficiency and therapeutic effects of intravenous injection of T7/TMZ-conveyed neutrophils to a glioblastoma mouse model. These results demonstrate the promising role of neutrophil-based nanoparticle delivery systems in the targeted therapy of glioblastoma."
3843,brain tumour,39057171,Canadian Consensus for Treatment of BRAF ,
3844,brain tumour,39057170,"Prolonged Response to Osimertinib in EGFR-Mutated Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma, a Case Report.",A 48-year-old woman without obvious environmental risk factors was diagnosed with metastatic urothelial carcinoma harboring a mutation in 
3845,brain tumour,39057168,Temozolomide (TMZ) in the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme-A Literature Review and Clinical Outcomes.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive primary tumors of the central nervous system. It is associated with a very poor prognosis, with up to half of patients failing to survive the first year after diagnosis. It develops from glial tissue and belongs to the adult-type diffuse glioma group according to the WHO classification of 2021. Therapy for patients with GBM is currently based on surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, but despite many efforts, there has been minimal progress in tumor management. The most important chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of this tumor is temozolomide (TMZ), a dacarbazine derivative that presents alkylating activity. It is usually administered to patients concurrently with radiation therapy after surgical resection of the tumor, which is defined as the Stupp protocol. Temozolomide demonstrates relatively good efficacy in therapy, but it could also present with several side effects. The resistance of GBM to the drug is currently the subject of work by specialists in the field of oncology, and its use in various regimens and patient groups may bring therapeutic benefits in the future. The aim of this review paper is to summarize the relevance of TMZ in the treatment of GBM based on recent reports."
3846,brain tumour,39057165,Radiosurgically Treated Recurrent Cerebellar Hemangioblastoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.,"Cystic, sporadic hemangioblastomas (HBLs) represent a unique, therapeutically challenging subset of central nervous system tumors, mainly due to their unpredictable growth patterns and potential for symptomatic progression. This study aims to explore the complexities surrounding the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of these lesions."
3847,brain tumour,39057160,Critical Issues for Patients and Caregivers in Neuro-Oncology during the COVID-19 Pandemic: What We Have Learnt from an Observational Study.,"The COVID-19 pandemic affected neuro-oncological patients and their caregivers regarding tumor care and emotional functioning, including Quality of Life (QoL). This study aimed to understand how COVID-19 affected their psychological state and the relations between patients and health personnel in neuro-oncology."
3848,brain tumour,39057144,Quantifying the Dosimetric Impact of Proton Range Uncertainties on RBE-Weighted Dose Distributions in Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy for Bilateral Head and Neck Cancer.,"In current clinical practice, intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) head and neck cancer (HNC) plans are generated using a constant relative biological effectiveness (cRBE) of 1.1. The primary goal of this study was to explore the dosimetric impact of proton range uncertainties on RBE-weighted dose (RWD) distributions using a variable RBE (vRBE) model in the context of bilateral HNC IMPT plans."
3849,brain tumour,39057091,Medicinal Mushrooms in Metastatic Breast Cancer: What Is Their Therapeutic Potential as Adjuvant in Clinical Settings?,"Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed tumor, remaining one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in females worldwide, with the highest rates in Western countries. Among metastatic BC (MBC), triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the lack of expression of specific receptors, and differs from other subgroups of BC for its increased growth and fast spreading, with reduced treatment possibilities and a worse outcome. Actually, MBC patients are extremely prone to metastasis and consequent relapses, which affect distant target organs (e.g., brain, lung, bone and liver). Hence, the comprehension of biological mechanisms underlying the BC metastatization process is a key requirement to conceive/set up innovative medicinal strategies, with the goal to achieve long-lasting therapeutic efficacy, reducing adverse effects, and also ameliorating Quality of Life (QoL). Bioactive metabolites isolated from medicinal mushrooms (MMs) used as a supportive treatment, combined with conventional oncology, have recently gained wide interest. In fact, mounting evidence has revealed their peculiar promising immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, even though these effects have to be further clarified. Among the group of most promising MMs are "
3850,brain tumour,39057054,A Synopsis of Biomarkers in Glioblastoma: Past and Present.,"Accounting for 48% of malignant brain tumors in adults, glioblastoma has been of great interest in the last decades, especially in the biomolecular and neurosurgical fields, due to its incurable nature and notable neurological morbidity. The major advancements in neurosurgical technologies have positively influenced the extent of safe tumoral resection, while the latest progress in the biomolecular field of GBM has uncovered new potential therapeutical targets. Although GBM currently has no curative therapy, recent progress has been made in the management of this disease, both from surgical and molecular perspectives. The main current therapeutic approach is multimodal and consists of neurosurgical intervention, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, mostly with temozolomide. Although most patients will develop treatment resistance and tumor recurrence after surgical removal, biomolecular advancements regarding GBM have contributed to a better understanding of this pathology and its therapeutic management. Over the past few decades, specific biomarkers have been discovered that have helped predict prognosis and treatment responses and contributed to improvements in survival rates."
3851,brain tumour,39056798,Dissecting the Natural Patterns of Progression and Senescence in Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma: From Cellular Mechanisms to Clinical Implications.,"Pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGGs) comprise a heterogeneous set of low-grade glial and glioneuronal tumors, collectively representing the most frequent CNS tumors of childhood and adolescence. Despite excellent overall survival rates, the chronic nature of the disease bears a high risk of long-term disease- and therapy-related morbidity in affected patients. Recent in-depth molecular profiling and studies of the genetic landscape of PLGGs led to the discovery of the paramount role of frequent upregulation of RAS/MAPK and mTOR signaling in tumorigenesis and progression of these tumors. Beyond, the subsequent unveiling of RAS/MAPK-driven oncogene-induced senescence in these tumors may shape the understanding of the molecular mechanisms determining the versatile progression patterns of PLGGs, potentially providing a promising target for novel therapies. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies moreover indicate a strong dependence of PLGG formation and growth on the tumor microenvironment. In this work, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the multilayered cellular mechanisms and clinical factors determining the natural progression patterns and the characteristic biological behavior of these tumors, aiming to provide a foundation for advanced stratification for the management of these tumors within a multimodal treatment approach."
3852,brain tumour,39056757,IC Regimen: Delaying Resistance to Lorlatinib in ALK Driven Cancers by Adding Repurposed Itraconazole and Cilostazol.,"Lorlatinib is a pharmaceutical ALK kinase inhibitor used to treat ALK driven non-small cell lung cancers. This paper analyses the intersection of past published data on the physiological consequences of two unrelated drugs from general medical practice-itraconazole and cilostazol-with the pathophysiology of ALK positive non-small cell lung cancer. A conclusion from that data analysis is that adding itraconazole and cilostazol may make lorlatinib more effective. Itraconazole, although marketed worldwide as a generic antifungal drug, also inhibits Hedgehog signaling, Wnt signaling, hepatic CYP3A4, and the p-gp efflux pump. Cilostazol, marketed worldwide as a generic thrombosis preventative drug, acts by inhibiting phosphodiesterase 3, and, by so doing, lowers platelets' adhesion, thereby partially depriving malignant cells of the many tumor trophic growth factors supplied by platelets. Itraconazole may enhance lorlatinib effectiveness by (i) reducing or stopping a Hedgehog-ALK amplifying feedback loop, by (ii) increasing lorlatinib's brain levels by p-gp inhibition, and by (iii) inhibiting growth drive from Wnt signaling. Cilostazol, surprisingly, carries minimal bleeding risk, lower than that of aspirin. Risk/benefit assessment of the combination of metastatic ALK positive lung cancer being a low-survival disease with the predicted safety of itraconazole-cilostazol augmentation of lorlatinib favors a trial of this drug trio in ALK positive lung cancer."
3853,brain tumour,39056751,The Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane as a Xenograft Model for the Quantitative Analysis of Uveal Melanoma Metastasis in Multiple Organs.,"Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular tumor in adults, and nearly 50% of patients develop metastatic disease with a high mortality rate. Therefore, the development of relevant preclinical in vivo models that accurately recapitulate the metastatic cascade is crucial. We exploited the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) xenograft model to quantify both experimental and spontaneous metastasis by qPCR analysis. Our study found that the transplanted UM cells spread predominantly and early in the liver, reflecting the primary site of metastasis in patients. Visible signs of pigmented metastasis were observed in the eyes, liver, and distal CAM. Lung metastases occurred rarely and brain metastases progressed more slowly. However, UM cell types of different origins and genetic profiles caused an individual spectrum of organ metastases. Metastasis to multiple organs, including the liver, was often associated with risk factors such as high proliferation rate, hyperpigmentation, and epithelioid cell type. The severity of liver metastasis was related to the hepatic metastatic origin and chromosome 8 abnormalities rather than monosomy 3 and BAP1 deficiency. The presented CAM xenograft model may prove useful to study the metastatic potential of patients or to test individualized therapeutic options for metastasis in different organs."
3854,brain tumour,39056749,"A Novel Method for the Early Detection of Single Circulating, Metastatic and Self-Seeding Cancer Cells in Orthotopic Breast Cancer Mouse Models.","Metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related deaths, but efficient targeted therapies against metastasis are still missing. Major gaps exist in our understanding of the metastatic cascade, as existing methods cannot combine sensitivity, robustness, and practicality to dissect cancer progression. Addressing this issue requires improved strategies to distinguish early metastatic colonization from metastatic outgrowth."
3855,brain tumour,39056589,Naringin Induces ROS-Stimulated G,"Naringin, a bioflavonoid compound from grapefruit or citrus, exerts anticancer activities on cervical, thyroid, colon, brain, liver, lung, thyroid, and breast cancers. The present investigation addressed exploring the anticancer effects of naringin on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. Naringin exhibits a cytotoxic effect on NPC-TW 039 and NPC-TW 076 cells with IC"
3856,brain tumour,39056567,Feasibility of whole-body MRI for cancer screening in children and young people with ataxia telangiectasia: A mixed methods cross-sectional study.,"Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is an inherited multisystem disorder with increased sensitivity to ionising radiation and elevated cancer risk. Although other cancer predisposition syndromes have established cancer screening protocols, evidence-based guidelines for cancer screening in A-T are lacking. This study sought to assess feasibility of a cancer screening protocol based on whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) in children and young people with A-T."
3857,brain tumour,39056192,Tumoral Interferon Beta Induces an Immune-Stimulatory Phenotype in Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Melanoma Brain Metastases.,"Type I interferons (IFN) are immune-stimulatory cytokines involved in antiviral and antitumor immune responses. They enhance the efficacy of immunogenic anticancer therapies such as radiotherapy by activating both innate and adaptive immune cells. Macrophages are one of the most abundant innate immune cells in the immune microenvironment of melanoma brain metastases (MBM) and can exert potent immune-suppressive functions. Here, we investigate the potential of tumoral type I IFNs to repolarize tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in two murine MBM models and assess the effects of radiotherapy-induced type I IFN on TAMs in a transcriptomic MBM patient dataset. In mice, we describe a proinflammatory M1-like TAM phenotype induced by tumoral IFNβ and identify a myeloid type I IFN-response signature associated with a high M1/M2-like TAM ratio. Following irradiation, patients with MBM displaying a myeloid type I IFN-response signature showed increased overall survival, providing evidence that tumoral IFNβ supports an effective antitumor immune response by re-educating immune-regulatory TAM. These findings uncover type I IFN-inducing therapies as a potential macrophage-targeting therapeutic approach and provide a rationale for combining radiotherapy with concomitant immunotherapy to improve treatment response in patients with MBM."
3858,brain tumour,39055905,Meningioma Prognostic Tool Based on Correlation of Histopathological Grading and Immunohistochemistry.,"Meningiomas are slow-growing brain neoplasms classified into three grades based on morphological criteria. While these grades are simple, they do not always correlate with patient outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and proliferation marker Ki-67/molecular immunology borstel-1 (MIB-1) in the three grades of meningioma."
3859,brain tumour,39055895,Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor in Glioblastoma Multiforme: a systematic review going beyond pathologic implications.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor characterized by extensive heterogeneity and vascular proliferation. Hypoxic conditions in the tissue microenvironment are considered a pivotal player leading tumor progression. Specifically, hypoxia is known to activate inducible factors, such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1α), which in turn can stimulate tumor neo-angiogenesis through activation of various downward mediators, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Here, we aimed to explore the role of HIF-1α/VEGF immunophenotypes alone and in combination with other prognostic markers or clinical and image analysis data, as potential biomarkers of GBM prognosis and treatment efficacy. We performed a systematic review (Medline/Embase, and Pubmed database search was completed by 16th of April 2024 by two independent teams; PRISMA 2020). We evaluated methods of immunoassays, cell viability, or animal or patient survival methods of the retrieved studies to assess unbiased data. We used inclusion criteria, such as the evaluation of GBM prognosis based on HIF-1α/VEGF expression, other biomarkers or clinical and imaging manifestations in GBM related to HIF-1α/VEGF expression, application of immunoassays for protein expression, and evaluation of the effectiveness of GBM therapeutic strategies based on HIF-1α/VEGF expression. We used exclusion criteria, such as data not reporting both HIF-1α and VEGF or prognosis. We included 50 studies investigating in total 1319 GBM human specimens, 18 different cell lines or GBM-derived stem cells, and 6 different animal models, to identify the association of HIF-1α/VEGF immunophenotypes, and with other prognostic factors, clinical and macroscopic data in GBM prognosis and therapeutic approaches. We found that increased HIF-1α/VEGF expression in GBM correlates with oncogenic factors, such as miR-210-3p, Oct4, AKT, COX-2, PDGF-C, PLDO3, M2 polarization, or ALK, leading to unfavorable survival. Reduced HIF-1α/VEGF expression correlates with FIH-1, ADNP, or STAT1 upregulation, as well as with clinical manifestations, like epileptogenicity, and a favorable prognosis of GBM. Based on our data, HIF-1α or VEGF immunophenotypes may be a useful tool to clarify MRI-PET imaging data distinguishing between GBM tumor progression and pseudoprogression. Finally, HIF-1α/VEGF immunophenotypes can reflect GBM treatment efficacy, including combined first-line treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors, thimerosal, or an active metabolite of irinotecan, as well as STAT3 inhibitors alone, and resulting in a favorable tumor prognosis and patient survival. These data were supported by a combination of variable methods used to evaluate HIF-1α/VEGF immunophenotypes. Data limitations may include the use of less sensitive detection methods in some cases. Overall, our data support HIF-1α/VEGF's role as biomarkers of GBM prognosis and treatment efficacy."
3860,brain tumour,39055532,The potential of miRNA-based approaches in glioblastoma: An update in current advances and future perspectives.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant central nervous system tumor. The emerging field of epigenetics stands out as particularly promising. Notably, the discovery of micro RNAs (miRNAs) has paved the way for advancements in diagnosing, treating, and prognosticating patients with brain tumors. We aim to provide an overview of the emergence of miRNAs in GBM and their potential role in the multifaceted management of this disease. We discuss the current state of the art regarding miRNAs and GBM. We performed a narrative review using the MEDLINE/PUBMED database to retrieve peer-reviewed articles related to the use of miRNA approaches for the treatment of GBMs. MiRNAs are intrinsic non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression mainly through post-transcriptional mechanisms. The deregulation of some of these molecules is related to the pathogenesis of GBM. The inclusion of molecular characterization for the diagnosis of brain tumors and the advent of less-invasive diagnostic methods such as liquid biopsies, highlights the potential of these molecules as biomarkers for guiding the management of brain tumors such as GBM. Importantly, there is a need for more studies to better examine the application of these novel molecules. The constantly changing characterization and approach to the diagnosis and management of brain tumors broaden the possibilities for the molecular inclusion of novel epigenetic molecules, such as miRNAs, for a better understanding of this disease."
3861,brain tumour,39055398,Mime: A flexible machine-learning framework to construct and visualize models for clinical characteristics prediction and feature selection.,"The widespread use of high-throughput sequencing technologies has revolutionized the understanding of biology and cancer heterogeneity. Recently, several machine-learning models based on transcriptional data have been developed to accurately predict patients' outcome and clinical response. However, an open-source R package covering state-of-the-art machine-learning algorithms for user-friendly access has yet to be developed. Thus, we proposed a flexible computational framework to construct a machine learning-based integration model with elegant performance (Mime). Mime streamlines the process of developing predictive models with high accuracy, leveraging complex datasets to identify critical genes associated with prognosis. An in silico combined model based on de novo PIEZO1-associated signatures constructed by Mime demonstrated high accuracy in predicting the outcomes of patients compared with other published models. Furthermore, the PIEZO1-associated signatures could also precisely infer immunotherapy response by applying different algorithms in Mime. Finally, SDC1 selected from the PIEZO1-associated signatures demonstrated high potential as a glioma target. Taken together, our package provides a user-friendly solution for constructing machine learning-based integration models and will be greatly expanded to provide valuable insights into current fields. The Mime package is available on GitHub (https://github.com/l-magnificence/Mime)."
3862,brain tumour,39055368,Maintaining Survival While Improving Quality of Life: An Advanced Practitioner-Led Pilot Feasibility Study to Reduce Radiation Dose in Children With Brain Tumors.,"Oncology advanced practitioners (APs) are on the front line in treating adverse effects. Among children with brain tumors, treatments such as craniospinal irradiation (CSI) cause neurocognitive injury, endocrinopathies, and ototoxicity. High-dose CSI with concurrent chemotherapy allows high-risk embryonal tumors (non-anaplastic) good survival (70%), but significant distressing effects are commonly treated by APs in multidisciplinary long-term follow-up. The aim of this study was to test feasibility of reducing radiation dose with an AP-led protocol."
3863,brain tumour,39055079,Mechanistic Association of Hepatoblastoma with Cerebral Palsy: A Narrative Review.,"Hepatoblastoma is a rare liver cancer that occurs most often in children who present with lower birth weight. Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder distinguished by irregularities in muscle tone, movement, and motor skills. CP is caused by damage to the developing brain and is often associated with secondary complications such as severe constipation. Clinicians must be aware of sudden worsening constipation occurring in CP children because it can also be a sign of hepatoblastoma. The aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the risks for hepatoblastoma development in children with CP. Cancer risks likely include dysfunction of the immune system surveillance in CP children. Elevated C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels may be higher in children with CP, which weakens their innate immune system. Metabolic disruption increases the risk of some cancers, and poor nutrition and reduced growth that occur in CP patients may have an impact on cancer development through a loss in immune function. Increased mobility and physical activity can increase the T-cell, natural killer cell, and neutrophil population. Children with CP tend to engage poorly in physical activity, and consequently, their immune system is affected. There are multiple factors associated with CP that increase the risk of childhood cancers such as hepatoblastoma."
3864,brain tumour,39054716,Levosimendan Ameliorates Hypoxia-Induced Brain Injury in Rats by Modulating PTEN/Akt Signaling Pathway-Mediated Ferroptosis.,"Levosimendan (Levo) is a drug commonly used to treat heart failure. Recent studies have suggested that Levo may have neuroprotective effects, but it is still unknown how exactly it contributes to hypoxia-induced brain damage. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate how Levo affects hypoxia-induced brain damage and to clarify any possible underlying mechanisms."
3865,brain tumour,39054537,Olanzapine suppresses mPFC activity-norepinephrine releasing to alleviate CLOCK-enhanced cancer stemness under chronic stress.,"Olanzapine (OLZ) reverses chronic stress-induced anxiety. Chronic stress promotes cancer development via abnormal neuro-endocrine activation. However, how intervention of brain-body interaction reverses chronic stress-induced tumorigenesis remains elusive."
3866,brain tumour,39054361,Non-invasive mapping of brown adipose tissue activity with magnetic resonance imaging.,"Thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) has a positive impact on whole-body metabolism. However, in vivo mapping of BAT activity typically relies on techniques involving ionizing radiation, such as ["
3867,brain tumour,39054290,Whole-Brain Vascular Architecture Mapping Identifies Region-Specific Microvascular Profiles In Vivo.,"The novel MR imaging technique of vascular architecture mapping allows in vivo characterization of local changes in cerebral microvasculature, but reference ranges for vascular architecture mapping parameters in healthy brain tissue are lacking, limiting its potential applicability as an MR imaging biomarker in clinical practice. We conducted whole-brain vascular architecture mapping in a large cohort to establish vascular architecture mapping parameter references ranges and identify region-specific cortical and subcortical microvascular profiles."
3868,brain tumour,39054283,Development of a ,"Alzheimer disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with limited treatment options. It is characterized by the presence of several biomarkers, including amyloid-β aggregates, which lead to oxidative stress and neuronal decay. Targeted α-therapy (TAT) has been shown to be efficacious against metastatic cancer. TAT takes advantage of tumor-localized α-particle emission to break disease-associated covalent bonds while minimizing radiation dose to healthy tissues due to the short, micrometer-level, distances traveled. We hypothesized that TAT could be used to break covalent bonds within amyloid-β aggregates and facilitate natural plaque clearance mechanisms. "
3869,brain tumour,39054236,Pediatric primary extragonadal choriocarcinoma - A study on male patients at a single tertiary medical institution.,"Primary extragonadal choriocarcinoma (PEGCC) in male is rare. It is highly malignant, typically presents with distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis, and responds poorly to treatment. Because of its associated high levels of PD-L1, the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is a likely therapeutic target. Herein, we report our experience of treating pediatric PEGCC in six boys at a tertiary hospital."
3870,brain tumour,39054190,Online Group Cognitive Rehabilitation Program for Prostate Cancer Survivors: Development Using Codesign and the Theoretical Domains Framework.,This study aimed to describe the adaptation of a group cognitive rehabilitation program for prostate cancer survivors (PCS) via telehealth delivery using a codesign approach with PCS experiencing cancer-related cognitive impairment. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) also informed the intervention development.
3871,brain tumour,39053794,Ropivacaine prompts ferroptosis to enhance the cisplatin-sensitivity of human colorectal cancer through SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.,"The ineffectiveness of cisplatin therapy in treating colorectal cancer (CRC) is attributed to an increase of resistance. It's necessary to investigate adjunctive agents capable of enhancing drug efficacy. Previous studies have shown that ropivacaine inhibit the growth of various cancer cells, but its impact on cisplatin resistance in tumors is not well understood. This study was to illustrate the impact and mechanism of ropivacaine enhanced cisplatin-sensitivity of CRC. Cisplatin alone treatment resulted in the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular Fe"
3872,brain tumour,39053460,Myeloid cells coordinately induce glioma cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic pathways for chemoresistance via GP130 signaling.,"The DNA damage response (DDR) and the blood-tumor barrier (BTB) restrict chemotherapeutic success for primary brain tumors like glioblastomas (GBMs). Coherently, GBMs almost invariably relapse with fatal outcomes. Here, we show that the interaction of GBM and myeloid cells simultaneously induces chemoresistance on the genetic and vascular levels by activating GP130 receptor signaling, which can be addressed therapeutically. We provide data from transcriptomic and immunohistochemical screens with human brain material and pharmacological experiments with a humanized organotypic GBM model, proteomics, transcriptomics, and cell-based assays and report that nanomolar concentrations of the signaling peptide humanin promote temozolomide (TMZ) resistance through DDR activation. GBM mouse models recapitulating intratumoral humanin release show accelerated BTB formation. GP130 blockade attenuates both DDR activity and BTB formation, resulting in improved preclinical chemotherapeutic efficacy. Altogether, we describe an overarching mechanism for TMZ resistance and outline a translatable strategy with predictive markers to improve chemotherapy for GBMs."
3873,brain tumour,39053384,Increased oxygen stimulation promotes chemoresistance and phenotype shifting through PLCB1 in gliomas.,"Gliomas, the most common CNS (central nerve system) tumors, face poor survival due to severe chemoresistance exacerbated by hypoxia. However, studies on whether altered hypoxic conditions benefit for chemo-sensitivity and how gliomas react to increased oxygen stimulation are limited. In this study, we demonstrated that increased oxygen stimulation promotes glioma growth and chemoresistance. Mechanically, increased oxygen stimulation upregulates miR-1290 levels. miR-1290, in turn, downregulates PLCB1, while PLCB1 facilitates the proteasomal degradation of β-catenin and active-β-catenin by increasing the proportion of ubiquitinated β-catenin in a destruction complex-independent mechanism. This process inhibits PLCB1 expression, leads to the accumulation of active-β-catenin, boosting Wnt signaling through an independent mechanism and ultimately promoting chemoresistance in glioma cells. Pharmacological inhibition of Wnt by WNT974 could partially inhibit glioma volume growth and prolong the shortened survival caused by increased oxygen stimulation in a glioma-bearing mouse model. Moreover, PLCB1, a key molecule regulated by increased oxygen stimulation, shows promising predictive power in survival analysis and has great potential to be a biomarker for grading and prognosis in glioma patients. These results provide preliminary insights into clinical scenarios associated with altered hypoxic conditions in gliomas, and introduce a novel perspective on the role of the hypoxic microenvironment in glioma progression. Furthermore, the outcomes reveal the potential risks of utilizing hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) in glioma patients, particularly when considering HBOT as a standalone option to ameliorate neuro-dysfunctions or when combining HBOT with a single chemotherapy agent without radiotherapy."
3874,brain tumour,39053322,Thalamic H3K27M altered diffuse midline gliomas: Clinicopathological and outcome analysis.,"Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a relatively new entity which was introduced in the fourth edition of the WHO classification of CNS tumours in 2016 and later underwent revision in 2021. It is an infiltrative glioma arising from midline structures, viz., thalamus, spine, and brainstem. Current literature on DMG is based majorly on brainstem lesions, and DMGs arising elsewhere remain unexplored. In our study, we have discussed our experience with thalamic DMGs."
3875,brain tumour,39053230,Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis reveals α-syn induced astrocyte-neuron crosstalk-mediated neurotoxicity.,"Accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is a key pathological hallmark of synucleinopathies and has been shown to negatively impact neuronal function and activity. α-syn is an important factor contributing to astrocyte overactivation, though the effect of astrocyte overactivation on neurons remains unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing data of mouse brain frontal cortex and midbrain from Hua-Syn (A53T) and wild type mice were utilized from the GEO database. Enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction networks, and cell-cell interaction networks all indicated enhanced communication between astrocytes and neurons, along with the involvement of TNF and inflammation-related signaling pathways. In vitro experiments were performed to further explore the mechanism of neurotoxicity in astrocyte-neuron crosstalk. Astrocytes were treated by α-syn, neuronal TNFR1 receptors were antagonized by R-7050, and the cells were co-cultured after 24 h treatment. ELISA results revealed that cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly upregulated in astrocytes following the endocytosis of α-syn. Immunofluorescence (IF) showed neuronal dendritic reduction, axon elongation and increased co-localisation of TNFR1 receptor expression. Western blot showed up-regulation of PKR, P-eIF2α and ATF4 protein expression. Conversely, after antagonizing neuronal TNFR1 receptors with the R-7050 chemical inhibitor, neuronal synaptic structure was significantly restored and the expression of PKR, P-eIF2α and ATF4 was down-regulated. In summary, TNF-α acts as a signaling molecule mediating the up-regulated astrocyte-neuron crosstalk, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of α-syn-related neurological disorders."
3876,brain tumour,39053006,"Discovery of Preclinical Candidate AD1058 as a Highly Potent, Selective, and Brain-Penetrant ATR Inhibitor for the Treatment of Advanced Malignancies.","The ataxia telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related protein (ATR) plays a crucial role in regulating the cellular DNA-damage response (DDR), making it a promising target for antitumor drug development through synthetic lethality. In this study, we present the discovery and detailed characterization of AD1058, a highly potent and selective ATR inhibitor, with good preclinical pharmacokinetic profiles. AD1058 exhibits superior efficacy in inhibiting cell proliferation, disrupting the cell cycle, and inducing apoptosis compared to AZD6738. AD1058 displays potent antitumor effects as a single agent or in combination with clinically approved tumor therapies such as PARP inhibitors, ionizing radiotherapy, or chemotherapy in vivo. Considering its enhanced ability to permeate the blood-brain barrier, AD1058 is a promising clinical candidate for the treatment of brain metastases and leptomeningeal metastases in solid tumors. Additionally, among reported ATR inhibitors, AD1058 features the shortest synthesis route and the highest efficiency to date."
3877,brain tumour,39052949,Real-World Outcomes of Immunotherapy for Melanoma Brain Metastases in New Zealand.,"Melanoma brain metastases (BMs) are associated with poor survival. Combination immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA-4 are the international standard-of-care treatment. Most landmark clinical trials excluded real-world patients with symptomatic disease, poor performance status (PS), and steroid use. Despite the high incidence of melanoma in New Zealand (NZ), the only publicly funded systemic treatment is anti-PD1 monotherapy. The real-world outcomes for BMs after ICIs in NZ are unknown."
3878,brain tumour,39052377,"Anxiety, depression, and fear of cancer recurrence in head and neck cancer.","Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) report some of the highest levels of psychological distress amid managing their disease as well as debilitating and disfiguring treatment side effects. Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a top unmet need and concern of patients with HNC. Prior research suggests elevated symptoms of anxiety and depression are potential antecedents to FCR, but findings have been limited in HNC populations. The aim of the present study was to examine the early level and change in symptoms of anxiety and depression in relation to later change in FCR among patients with HNC."
3879,brain tumour,39052165,Recombinant Interleukin - 2 2 Immunotherapy Ameliorates Inflammation and Promotes the Release of Monoamine Neurotransmitters in the Gut-Brain Axis of Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Mice.,"Recombinant interleukin-22 (rIL-22) has been reported as a protective agent in murine models of diseases driven by epithelial injury. Parasites have a circadian rhythm and their sensitivity to a certain drug may vary during the day. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the effect of rIL-22 administration at different times of the day on the inflammation, oxidative status, and neurotransmitter release in the gut-brain axis of the Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. Sixty male BALB/c mice aged six weeks weighing 25-30 g were divided into a control group (injected intraperitoneally with PBS), mice infected with 80 ± 10 cercariae of S. mansoni (infected group) then injected intraperitoneally with PBS, and rIL-22 treated groups. rIL-22 was administrated intraperitoneally (400 ng/kg) either at the onset or offset of the light phase for 14 days. IL-22 administration reduced the levels of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ), and enhanced the production of IL-22 and IL-17. The treatment with IL-22 increased glutathione (GSH) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels both in the ileum and brain. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) protein level in the ileum was diminished after IL-22 administration. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotransmitter release (serotonin, 5HT, norepinephrine, NE, dopamine, DA, Glutamate, Glu, and -amino butyric acid, GABA) were improved by rIL-22. In conclusion, rIL-22 showed promising immunotherapy for inflammation, oxidative damage, and neuropathological signs associated with schistosomiasis. The efficacy of IL-22 increased significantly upon its administration at the time of light offset."
3880,brain tumour,39052006,Modeling glioblastoma.,Establishing a zebrafish model of a deadly type of brain tumor highlights the role of the immune system in the early stages of the disease.
3881,brain tumour,39052000,A syngeneic spontaneous zebrafish model of ,"High-throughput vertebrate animal model systems for the study of patient-specific biology and new therapeutic approaches for aggressive brain tumors are currently lacking, and new approaches are urgently needed. Therefore, to build a patient-relevant in vivo model of human glioblastoma, we expressed common oncogenic variants including activated human EGFR"
3882,brain tumour,39051633,Machine Learning-Directed Conversion of Glioblastoma Cells to Dendritic Cell-Like Antigen-Presenting Cells as Cancer Immunotherapy.,"Immunotherapy has limited efficacy in glioblastoma (GBM) due to the blood-brain barrier and the immunosuppressed or ""cold"" tumor microenvironment (TME) of GBM, which is dominated by immune-inhibitory cells and depleted of CTL and dendritic cells (DC). Here, we report the development and application of a machine learning precision method to identify cell fate determinants (CFD) that specifically reprogram GBM cells into induced antigen-presenting cells with DC-like functions (iDC-APC). In murine GBM models, iDC-APCs acquired DC-like morphology, regulatory gene expression profile, and functions comparable to natural DCs. Among these acquired functions were phagocytosis, direct presentation of endogenous antigens, and cross-presentation of exogenous antigens. The latter endowed the iDC-APCs with the ability to prime naïve CD8+ CTLs, a hallmark DC function critical for antitumor immunity. Intratumor iDC-APCs reduced tumor growth and improved survival only in immunocompetent animals, which coincided with extensive infiltration of CD4+ T cells and activated CD8+ CTLs in the TME. The reactivated TME synergized with an intratumor soluble PD1 decoy immunotherapy and a DC-based GBM vaccine, resulting in robust killing of highly resistant GBM cells by tumor-specific CD8+ CTLs and significantly extended survival. Lastly, we defined a unique CFD combination specifically for the human GBM to iDC-APC conversion of both glioma stem-like cells and non-stem-like cell GBM cells, confirming the clinical utility of a computationally directed, tumor-specific conversion immunotherapy for GBM and potentially other solid tumors."
3883,brain tumour,39051552,Study of the stress in adults diagnosed with meningioma: Insights from a tertiary neurosurgical hospital.,"Meningiomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor, originating from the meninges - the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Several well-studied risk factors for meningiomas include gender, age, radiation exposure, genetic factors, and hormonal factors. Moreover, the influence of a person's psycho-emotional stateon their overall health and mental well-being, specifically stress, iscurrently a significant and relevant topic of discussion."
3884,brain tumour,39051171,Tumor angiogenesis and anti-angiogenic therapy.,"Anti-angiogenic drugs (AADs), which mainly target the vascular endothelial growth factor-A signaling pathway, have become a therapeutic option for cancer patients for two decades. During this period, tremendous clinical experience of anti-angiogenic therapy has been acquired, new AADs have been developed, and the clinical indications for AAD treatment of various cancers have been expanded using monotherapy and combination therapy. However, improvements in the therapeutic outcomes of clinically available AADs and the development of more effective next-generation AADs are still urgently required. This review aims to provide historical and perspective views on tumor angiogenesis to allow readers to gain mechanistic insights and learn new therapeutic development. We revisit the history of concept initiation and AAD discovery, and summarize the up-to-date clinical translation of anti-angiogenic cancer therapy in this field."
3885,brain tumour,39051137,Automatic removal of large blood vasculature for objective assessment of brain tumors using quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.,"The presence of a normal large blood vessel (LBV) in a tumor region can impact the evaluation of quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) parameters and tumor classification. Hence, there is a need for automatic removal of LBVs from brain tissues including intratumoral regions for achieving an objective assessment of tumors. This retrospective study included 103 histopathologically confirmed brain tumor patients who underwent MRI, including DCE-MRI data acquisition. Quantitative DCE-MRI analysis was performed for computing various parameters such as wash-out slope (Slope-2), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), blood plasma volume fraction (V"
3886,brain tumour,39051075,[,To investigate the effect of 
3887,brain tumour,39050879,Layer-by-Layer Nanoparticles for Calcium Overload in situ Enhanced Reactive Oxygen Oncotherapy.,"Challenges such as poor drug selectivity, non-target reactivity, and the development of drug resistance continue to pose significant obstacles in the clinical application of cancer therapeutic drugs. To overcome the limitations of drug resistance in chemotherapy, a viable treatment strategy involves designing multifunctional nano-platforms that exploit the unique physicochemical properties of tumor microenvironment (TME)."
3888,brain tumour,39050850,HLA and KIR genetic association and NK cells in anti-NMDAR encephalitis.,"Genetic predisposition to autoimmune encephalitis with antibodies against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is poorly understood. Given the diversity of associated environmental factors (tumors, infections), we hypothesized that human leukocyte antigen ("
3889,brain tumour,39050573,"Feasibility, tolerability, and first experience of intracystic treatment with peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with cystic craniopharyngioma.","Children with craniopharyngiomas (CPs) typically suffer from a life-long chronic disease. The younger the child, the more vulnerable the maturing brain is to invasive therapies such as surgery or radiotherapy. Therefore, treatment modalities facilitating avoidance or delay of invasive therapies are beneficial for these patients. In the last decade, intracystic injection of interferon alfa-2a or alfa-2b evolved as a treatment of choice based on efficacy and minor toxicity. However, the drug is no longer available internationally. After an extensive pharmacological review, peginterferon alfa-2a was identified as the agent with closest similarity."
3890,brain tumour,39050358,Impact of Primary Tumor Resection on Type B Lactic Acidosis in a Case of Metastatic Colon Cancer.,"Malignancies seldom lead to hyperlactatemia or lactic acidosis. The elimination of the primary tumor is anticipated to result in the amelioration of lactate levels in such situations. A patient with obstructing descending colon cancer was subjected to surgical intervention as their serum lactate levels reached 3.6 mmol/L. The tumor was removed, and the ischemic bowel proximal to it was excised as well. The patient demonstrated signs of recuperation; however, their serum lactate levels persisted at levels exceeding 6.5 mmol/L. Consequently, the patient was subjected to further investigation and surgical intervention. A CT scan of the brain and abdomen indicated metastases to the liver and brain, respectively. The presence of metastases in colonic malignancies may impede the normalization of hyperlactatemia even after excising the primary tumor. The interpretation of lactate levels can be challenging and radiological assessments, including abdominal reexploration, may be required to ascertain the diagnosis."
3891,brain tumour,39050234,Utility of ,"Pineal gland tumors are significant despite being rare (<1%) among all brain tumors. Germ cell tumors are the most common among the pineal gland tumors. Often affecting young adults, pineal gland germ cell tumors are hard to diagnose due to different symptoms and potential spread. But they rarely show leptomeningeal spread and extracranial metastases. Other differentials include primary tumors of the pineal region, Pineal gliomas, and metastases. The leptomeningeal spread of these tumors has not been studied so far. Conventional radiological imaging modalities are routinely used to diagnose and evaluate these tumors. We report a case here showing a pineal gland tumor with leptomeningeal spread detected by "
3892,brain tumour,39050199,Correlation of preoperative inflammatory factors and emotional disorders with postoperative delirium in patients with craniocerebral trauma.,"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) imposes a substantial societal and familial burden due to its high disability and fatality rates, rendering it a serious public health problem. Some patients with TBI have poor treatment outcomes and are prone to postoperative delirium (POD), which affects their quality of life. Anxiety has been linked to increased POD incidence in some studies, while others have found no correlation."
3893,brain tumour,39049995,STING activation increases the efficiency of temozolomide in PTEN harbouring glioblastoma cells.,"Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive tumours, resistant to all applied therapy regiments and prone to relapse. Median survival rates are therefore only expressed as months. STING agonists are immunomodulatory molecules that activate type I interferon expression, making them potentially useful in regulating the tumour microenvironment. Since PTEN serves as a critical phosphatase in activating interferon-regulating transcription factors and is frequently mutated in glioblastoma cells, this study aimed to investigate STING activation in glioblastoma cell lines, examining whether they harbour the PTEN protein or not.°."
3894,brain tumour,39049685,Effective Prevention and Treatment of Acute Leukemias in Mice by Activation of Thermogenic Adipose Tissues.,"Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are common hematological malignancies in adults. Despite considerable research advances, the development of standard therapies, supportive care, and prognosis for the majority of AML and ALL patients remains poor and the development of new effective therapy is urgently needed. Here, it is reported that activation of thermogenic adipose tissues (TATs) by cold exposure or β3-adrenergic receptor agonists markedly alleviated the development and progression of AML and ALL in mouse leukemia models. TAT activation (TATA) monotherapy substantially reduces leukemic cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood, and suppresses leukemic cell invasion, including hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Notably, TATA therapy prolongs the survivals of AML- and ALL-bearing mice. Surgical removal of thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) or genetic deletion of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) largely abolishes the TATA-mediated anti-leukemia effects. Metabolomic pathway analysis demonstrates that glycolytic metabolism, which is essential for anabolic leukemic cell growth, is severely impaired in TATA-treated leukemic cells. Moreover, a combination of TATA therapy with chemotherapy produces enhanced anti-leukemic effects and reduces chemotoxicity. These data provide a new TATA-based therapeutic paradigm for the effective treatment of AML, ALL, and likely other types of hematological malignancies."
3895,brain tumour,39049484,Harnessing Decellularized Extracellular Matrix for Enhanced Fidelity in Colorectal Cancer Organoid and Cell-Derived Xenograft Models.,"This study evaluates the efficacy of a decellularized intestine tissue-derived extracellular matrix (Intestine ECM) as a scaffold for culturing colorectal cancer (CRC) organoids and establishing cell-derived xenograft (CDX) models, comparing its performance to traditional Matrigel. Intestine ECM demonstrates comparable support for organoid formation and cellular function, highlighting its potential as a more physiologically relevant and reproducible platform. Our findings suggest that Intestine ECM enhances the mimetic environment for colon epithelium, supporting comparable growth and improved differentiation compared to Matrigel. Moreover, when used as a delivery carrier, Intestine ECM significantly increases the growth rate of CDX models using patient-derived primary colorectal cancer cells. This enhancement demonstrates Intestine ECM's role not only as a scaffold but also as a vital component of the tumor microenvironment, facilitating more robust tumorigenesis. These findings advocate for the broader application of Intestine ECM in cancer model systems, potentially leading to more accurate preclinical evaluations and the development of targeted cancer therapies."
3896,brain tumour,39049415,Patient Generated Health Data Among Older Adults with Cancer in Home Setting: Scoping Review.,"This scoping review aimed to identify and synthesize the literature related to patient-generated health data (PGHD) among older adults with cancer in home setting. Of the 1,090 articles extracted through six databases searches, 53 were selected. Studies were published from 2007 to 2022 and the types of devices to generate PGHD included research-grade and consumer-grade wearable devices. PGHD was assessed for physical activity, vital signs, and sleep. PGHD utilization was categorized: 1) identification, monitoring, review, and analysis (100%); 2) feedback and information report (32.1%); 3) motivation (26.4%); and 4) education and coaching (17.0%). Our study reveals that various PGHDs from older adults with cancer are mainly collected passively, with limited use for interaction with healthcare providers. These results may provide valuable insights for healthcare providers into potential PGHD applications in geriatric cancer care."
3897,brain tumour,39048961,Clinical features and treatment of apoplectic intratumoral hemorrhage of glioma.,The primary objective of this study was to explore the clinical characteristics of apoplectic intratumoral hemorrhage in gliomas and offer insights for improving the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
3898,brain tumour,39048947,"AT-0174, a novel dual IDO1/TDO2 enzyme inhibitor, synergises with temozolomide to improve survival in an orthotopic mouse model of glioblastoma.","Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain cancer, usually of unknown etiology, and with a very poor prognosis. Survival from diagnosis averages only 3 months if left untreated and this only increases to 12-15 months upon treatment. Treatment options are currently limited and typically comprise radiotherapy plus a course of the DNA-alkylating chemotherapeutic temozolomide. Unfortunately, the disease invariably relapses after several months of treatment with temozolomide, due to the development of resistance to the drug. Increased local tryptophan metabolism is a feature of many solid malignant tumours through increased expression of tryptophan metabolising enzymes. Glioblastomas are notable for featuring increased expression of the tryptophan catabolizing enzymes indole-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1), and especially tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase-2 (TDO2). Increased IDO1 and TDO2 activity is known to suppress the cytotoxic T cell response to tumour cells, and this has led to the proposal that the IDO1 and TDO2 enzymes represent promising immuno-oncology targets. In addition to immune modulation, however, recent studies have also identified the activity of these enzymes is important in the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents."
3899,brain tumour,39048916,Generation of B7-H3 isoform regulated by ANXA2/NSUN2/YBX1 axis in human glioma.,"In recent years, in the development of emerging immunotherapy, B7-H3 is also termed as CD276 and has become a novel chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T target against glioma and other tumours, and aroused extensive attention. However, B7-H3 has three isoforms (2, 3 and 4Ig) with the controversial expression and elusive function in tumour especially glioma. The current study mainly focuses on the regulatory factors and related mechanisms of generation of different B7-H3 isoforms. First, we have determined that 2Ig is dominant in glioma with high malignancy, and 4Ig is widely expressed, whereas 3Ig shows negative expression in all glioma. Next, we have further found that RNA binding protein annexin A2 (ANXA2) is essential for B7-H3 isoform maintenance, but fail to determine the choice of 4Ig or 2Ig. RNA methyltransferase NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 2 (NSUN2) and 5-methylcytosine reader Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) facilitate the production of 2Ig. Our findings have uncovered a series of factors (ANXA2/NSUN2/YBX1) that can determine the alternative generation of different isoforms of B7-H3 in glioma. Our result aims to help peers gain a clearer understanding of the expression and regulatory mechanisms of B7H3 in tumour patients, and to provide better strategies for designing B7H3 as a target in immunotherapy."
3900,brain tumour,39048847,Investigation of distributed learning for automated lesion detection in head MR images.,"In this study, we investigated the application of distributed learning, including federated learning and cyclical weight transfer, in the development of computer-aided detection (CADe) software for (1) cerebral aneurysm detection in magnetic resonance (MR) angiography images and (2) brain metastasis detection in brain contrast-enhanced MR images. We used datasets collected from various institutions, scanner vendors, and magnetic field strengths for each target CADe software. We compared the performance of multiple strategies, including a centralized strategy, in which software development is conducted at a development institution after collecting de-identified data from multiple institutions. Our results showed that the performance of CADe software trained through distributed learning was equal to or better than that trained through the centralized strategy. However, the distributed learning strategies that achieved the highest performance depend on the target CADe software. Hence, distributed learning can become one of the strategies for CADe software development using data collected from multiple institutions."
3901,brain tumour,39048723,Charting the success of neuronavigation in brain tumor surgery: from inception to adoption and evolution.,"Neuronavigation, explored as an intra-operative adjunct for brain tumor surgery three decades ago, has become globally utilized with a promising upward trajectory. This study aims to chart its success from idea to adoption and evolution within the US and globally."
3902,brain tumour,39048699,Heterogeneous Mechanical Stress and Interstitial Fluid Flow Predictions Derived from DCE-MRI for Rat U251N Orthotopic Gliomas.,"Mechanical stress and fluid flow influence glioma cell phenotype in vitro, but measuring these quantities in vivo continues to be challenging. The purpose of this study was to predict these quantities in vivo, thus providing insight into glioma physiology and potential mechanical biomarkers that may improve glioma detection, diagnosis, and treatment. Image-based finite element models of human U251N orthotopic glioma in athymic rats were developed to predict structural stress and interstitial flow in and around each animal's tumor. In addition to accounting for structural stress caused by tumor growth, our approach has the advantage of capturing fluid pressure-induced structural stress, which was informed by in vivo interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) measurements. Because gliomas and the brain are soft, elevated IFP contributed substantially to tumor structural stress, even inverting this stress from compressive to tensile in the most compliant cases. The combination of tumor growth and elevated IFP resulted in a concentration of structural stress near the tumor boundary where it has the greatest potential to influence cell proliferation and invasion. MRI-derived anatomical geometries and tissue property distributions resulted in heterogeneous interstitial fluid flow with local maxima near cerebrospinal fluid spaces, which may promote tumor invasion and hinder drug delivery. In addition, predicted structural stress and interstitial flow varied markedly between irradiated and radiation-naïve animals. Our modeling suggests that relative to tumors in stiffer tissues, gliomas experience unusual mechanical conditions with potentially important biological (e.g., proliferation and invasion) and clinical consequences (e.g., drug delivery and treatment monitoring)."
3903,brain tumour,39048564,HIF-1 inactivation empowers HIF-2 to drive hypoxia adaptation in aggressive forms of medulloblastoma.,"Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most prevalent brain cancer in children. Four subgroups of MB have been identified; of these, Group 3 is the most metastatic. Its genetics and biology remain less clear than the other groups, and it has a poor prognosis and few effective treatments available. Tumor hypoxia and the resulting metabolism are known to be important in the growth and survival of tumors but, to date, have been only minimally explored in MB. Here we show that Group 3 MB tumors do not depend on the canonical transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) to mount an adaptive response to hypoxia. We discovered that HIF-1α is rendered inactive either through post-translational methylation, preventing its nuclear localization specifically in Group 3 MB, or by a low expression that prevents modulation of HIF-target genes. Strikingly, we found that HIF-2 takes over the role of HIF-1 in the nucleus and promotes the activation of hypoxia-dependent anabolic pathways. The exclusion of HIF-1 from the nucleus in Group 3 MB cells enhances the reliance on HIF-2's transcriptional role, making it a viable target for potential anticancer strategies. By combining pharmacological inhibition of HIF-2α with the use of metformin, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor to block respiration, we effectively induced Group 3 MB cell death, surpassing the effectiveness observed in Non-Group 3 MB cells. Overall, the unique dependence of MB cells, but not normal cells, on HIF-2-mediated anabolic metabolism presents an appealing therapeutic opportunity for treating Group 3 MB patients with minimal toxicity."
3904,brain tumour,39048507,Complicated Odontogenic Sinusitis: Extrasinus Infectious Spread.,"Odontogenic sinusitis (ODS) is a common cause of orbital, intracranial, and osseous infectious extrasinus complications. Dental infections can spread to the orbital or intracranial spaces though the sinuses via thrombophlebitis or direct extension, or from the dentition or oral cavity via vascular channels in the maxillary alveolar bone. ODS typically presents with unilateral involvement both clinically and radiographically. Any suspicion for extrasinus spread based on history and physical examination should be followed by appropriate imaging, formal dental evaluation, and, when appropriate, ophthalmology and neurosurgery consultations. This multidisciplinary approach ensures appropriate management of both the acute orbital and intracranial complications."
3905,brain tumour,39048112,Relative Biological Effectiveness of Carbon Ion Beams for Induction of Medulloblastoma with Radiation-specific Chromosome 13 Deletion in Ptch1+/- Mice.,"Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for pediatric cancer is currently limited because of the unknown risk of induction of secondary cancers. Medulloblastoma of Ptch1+/- mice offers a unique experimental system for radiation-induced carcinogenesis, in which tumors are classified into spontaneous and radiation-induced subtypes based on their features of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) that affect the wild-type Ptch1 allele. The present study aims to investigate in young Ptch1+/- mice the carcinogenic effect, and its age dependence, of the low-linear energy transfer (LET, ∼13 keV/µm) carbon ions, to which normal tissues in front of the tumor are exposed during therapy. We irradiated Ptch1+/- mice at postnatal day (P) 1, 4, or 10 with 290 MeV/u carbon ions (0.05-0.5 Gy; LET, 13 keV/µm) and monitored them for medulloblastoma development. Loss of heterozygosity of seven genetic markers on chromosome 13 (where Ptch1 resides) was studied to classify the tumors. Carbon ion exposure induced medulloblastoma most effectively at P1. The LOH patterns of tumors were either telomeric or interstitial, the latter occurring almost exclusively in the irradiated groups, allowing the use of interstitial LOH as a biomarker of radiation-induced tumors. Radiation-induced tumors developed during a narrow age window (most strongly at P1 and only moderately at P4, with suppressed tumorigenesis at P10). Calculated using previous results using 137Cs gamma rays, the values for relative biological effectiveness (RBE) regarding radiation-induced tumors were 4.1 (3.4, 4.8) and 4.3 (3.3, 5.2) (mean and 95% confidence interval) for exposure at P1 and 4, respectively. Thus, the RBE of carbon ions for medulloblastoma induction in Ptch1+/- mice was higher than the generally recognized RBE of 1-2 for cell killing, chromosome aberrations, and skin reactions."
3906,brain tumour,39047904,Symptomatic spinal metastasis of a supratentorial glioblastoma in a pediatric patient: a case report and comprehensive review of the literature.,"Spinal metastasis of Glioblastoma is a rare occurrence, especially in pediatric patients, and extremely rare to become symptomatic. The pathology is poorly understood and remains with unclear dissemination mechanisms. The treatment approaches are varied and multimodal therapy (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) can be employed to manage this type of metastasis. We report a case of a 17-year-old female who underwent a gross-total resection of a right frontal glioblastoma and had adjuvant therapy with chemo- and radiotherapy. In the sixth month of follow-up, the patient presented a paraparesis, and a distant recurrence at T7-T8 was detected. The patient was treated with gross-total resection of the tumor through a laminectomy. The histopathological results were consistent with an isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wildtype GBM metastasis. The patient was treated with multimodal therapy, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. A complementary comprehensive review of current available literature on this topic is also presented."
3907,brain tumour,39047859,Exploring the interplay between addiction and time perception: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Prior studies have investigated the immediate impacts of substances on temporal perception, the impact of temporal outlook, and the consequences of modified temporal perception on addictive behaviors. These inquiries have provided valuable perspectives on the intricate associations between addiction and time perception, enriching the groundwork for forthcoming research and therapeutic strategies. This comprehensive review aims to further explore intricate correlation among diverse addictive substances-namely alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, opioids-and non-substance addictions such as internet gaming, elucidating their influence on temporal perception. Adhering to the PICOS method and adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed and critically evaluated all existing research concerning temporal perception in individuals with substance and non-substance use disorders. Specifically, our analyses involved 31 pertinent articles encompassing six unique groups-alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, stimulants, opioids, and internet-related addictions-sourced from a pool of 551 papers. The findings revealed differences in time perception between addicts and control groups, as indicated by medium to large effect sizes (Hedge's g = 0.8, p < 0.001). However, the nature of these differences-whether they predominantly involve time overestimation or underestimation-is not yet definitively clear. This variability underscores the complexity of the relationship between addiction and temporal perception, paving the way for further research to unravel these intricate dynamics."
3908,brain tumour,39047538,Targeted reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages for overcoming glioblastoma resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy.,"The resistance of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) to standard chemotherapy is primarily attributed to the existence of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the GBM microenvironment, particularly the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Targeted modulation of M2-TAMs is emerging as a promising strategy to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy. However, combination TAM-targeted therapy with chemotherapy faces substantial challenges, notably in terms of delivery efficiency and targeting specificity. In this study, we designed a pH-responsive hierarchical brain-targeting micelleplex loaded with temozolomide (TMZ) and resiquimod (R848) for combination chemo-immunotherapy against GBM. This delivery system, termed PCPA&PPM@TR, features a primary Angiopep-2 decoration on the outer layer via a pH-cleavable linker and a secondary mannose analogue (MAN) on the middle layer. This pH-responsive hierarchical targeting strategy enables effective BBB permeability while simultaneous GBM- and TAMs-targeting delivery. GBM-targeted delivery of TMZ induces alkylation and triggers an anti-GBM immune response. Concurrently, TAM-targeted delivery of R848 reprograms their phenotype from M2 to pro-inflammatory M1, thereby diminishing GBM resistance to TMZ and amplifying the immune response. In vivo studies demonstrated that targeted modulation of TAMs using PCPA&PPM@TR significantly enhanced anti-GBM efficacy. In summary, this study proposes a promising brain-targeting delivery system for the targeted modulation of TAMs to combat GBM."
3909,brain tumour,39047401,Reactive astrocytes promote tumor progression by up-regulating tumor protocadherin 1 expression in lung cancer brain metastasis.,"Brain metastasis (BM) is one of the main causes of death in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma. The specific pathological processes of BM, which are inextricably linked to the brain tumor microenvironment, such as the abundance of astrocytes, lead to limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Reactive astrocytes are acquired in the BM; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms by which astrocytes promote BM development. We determined the crucial role of reactive astrocytes in promoting the proliferation and migration of brain metastatic lung tumor cells by upregulating protocadherin 1 (PCDH1) expression in an in vitro co-culture model. The overexpression of PCDH1 was confirmed in clinical BM samples using immunohistochemical staining. Survival analysis indicated that high-PCDH1 expression was associated with poor survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. In vivo assays further showed that silence of PCDH1 effectively inhibited the tumor progression of brain metastases and prolonged the survival of animals. RNA sequencing has revealed that PCDH1 plays an important role in cell proliferation and adhesion. In conclusion, the present study revealed the promoting role of astrocytes in enhancing the aggressive phenotype of brain metastatic tumor cells by regulating the expression of PCDH1, which might be a biomarker for BM diagnosis and prognosis, suggesting the potential efficacy of targeting important astrocyte-tumor interactions in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma with BM."
3910,brain tumour,39047332,Can the knight capture the queen? The role of supramarginal gyrus in chess rule-retrieval as evidenced by a novel combined awake brain mapping and fMRI protocol.,"Brain tumours represent a burden for society, not only due to the risks they entail but also because of the possibility of losing relevant cognitive functions for the patient's life after their resection. In the present study, we report how we monitored chess performance through a multimodal Electrical Stimulation Mapping (ESM) - functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) combined protocol. The ESM was performed under a left parietal lobe tumour resection surgery on a patient that expressed the desire to preserve his chess playing ability post-operative. We designed an ad-hoc protocol to evaluate processes involved in chess performance that could be potentially affected by the tumour location: (i) visual search, (ii) rule-retrieval, and (iii) anticipation of checkmate. The fMRI study reported functional regions for chess performance, some of them proximal to the lesion in the left parietal lobe. The most relevant result was a positive eloquent point encountered in the vicinity of the left supramarginal gyrus while performing the rule-retrieval task in the ESM. This functional region was convergent with the activations observed in the pre-operative fMRI study for this condition. The behavioural assessment comparison revealed post-operative an increase in reaction time in some tasks but correctness in performance was maintained. Finally, the patient maintained the ability to play chess after the surgery. Our results provide a plausible protocol for future interventions and suggest a role of the left supramarginal gyrus in chess cognitive operations for the case presented."
3911,brain tumour,39047245,Case 23-2024: A 78-Year-Old Woman with Rapidly Progressive Dementia.,No abstract found
3912,brain tumour,39047224,Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors With and Without Up-Front Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases From ,Newer-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (
3913,brain tumour,39047165,Open access segmentations of intraoperative brain tumor ultrasound images.,"Registration and segmentation of magnetic resonance (MR) and ultrasound (US) images could play an essential role in surgical planning and resectioning brain tumors. However, validating these techniques is challenging due to the scarcity of publicly accessible sources with high-quality ground truth information. To this end, we propose a unique set of segmentations (RESECT-SEG) of cerebral structures from the previously published RESECT dataset to encourage a more rigorous development and assessment of image-processing techniques for neurosurgery."
3914,brain tumour,39046680,"Granulation Patterns of Functional Corticotroph Tumors Correlate with Tumor Size, Proliferative Activity, T2 Intensity-to-White Matter Ratio, and Postsurgical Early Biochemical Remission.","Unlike somatotroph tumors, the data on correlates of tumor granulation patterns in functional TPIT lineage pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (corticotroph tumors) have been less uniformly documented in most clinical series. This study evaluated characteristics of 41 well-characterized functional corticotroph tumors consisting of 28 densely granulated corticotroph tumors (DGCTs) and 13 sparsely granulated corticotroph tumors (SGCTs) with respect to preoperative clinical and radiological findings, tumor proliferative activity (including mitotic count and Ki-67 labeling index), and postoperative early biochemical remission rates. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) tumor size was significantly larger in the SGCT group [16.00 (16.00) mm in SGCT vs 8.5 (9.75) mm in DGCT, p = 0.049]. T2-weighted signal intensity and T2 intensity (quantitative) did not yield statistical significance based on tumor granulation; however, the T2 intensity-to-white matter ratio was significantly higher in SGCTs (p = 0.049). The median (IQR) Ki-67 labeling index was 2.00% (IQR 1.00%) in the DGCT group and 4.00% (IQR 7.00%) in the SGCT group (p = 0.043). The mitotic count per 2 mm"
3915,brain tumour,39046599,The CCL2-CCR4 axis promotes Regulatory T cell trafficking to canine glioma tissues.,"Spontaneously occurring glioma in pet dogs is increasingly recognized as a valuable translational model for human glioblastoma. Canine high-grade glioma and human glioblastomas share many molecular similarities, including the accumulation of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) that inhibit anti-tumor immune responses. Identifying in dog mechanisms responsible for Treg recruitment may afford to target the cellular population driving immunosuppression, the results providing a rationale for translational clinical studies in human patients. Our group has previously identified C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) as a glioma-derived T-reg chemoattractant acting on chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) in a murine orthotopic glioma model. Recently, we demonstrated a robust increase of CCL2 in the brain tissue of canine patients bearing high-grade glioma."
3916,brain tumour,39046560,Cranial stair-step incision for minimizing postoperative complications in neuro-oncologic surgery: A propensity score-matched analysis.,"Craniotomies for tumor resection can at times result in wound complications which can be devastating in the treatment of neuro-oncological patients. A cranial stair-step technique was recently introduced as an approach to mitigate these complications, especially in this patient population who often exhibit additional risk factors including steroids, chemoradiation, and VEGF inhibitor treatments. This study evaluates our cranial stair-step approach by comparing its postoperative complications using propensity score matching with those of a standard craniotomy wound closure."
3917,brain tumour,39046475,Surgery for pediatric low-grade gliomas within the vermis.,"Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) in the cerebellar vermis present unique challenges due to their intricate anatomical location and potential impact on critical neurological functions. Surgical intervention remains a cornerstone in the management of these tumors, aiming to achieve maximal tumor resection while preserving neurological function. In this review, the authors will discuss anatomical consideration and will explore current surgical techniques and strategies employed in the treatment of cerebellar vermis pLGGs such as the midline and lateral suboccipital approaches, as well as endoscopic-assisted technique. Additionally, we will emphasize the importance of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) in ensuring safe and effective tumor resection. Overall, this review provides insights into the neurosurgical approach of pLGGs in the cerebellar vermis."
3918,brain tumour,39046220,Diffuse lymphoma involvement of the spinal cord showed on [18F]FDG PET/MRI.,"A 61-year-old woman with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma received a fluorine-18-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT) for staging. Because of the obvious uptake of [¹⁸F]FDG in the spinal cord and brain, a positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) was performed after the positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). The images showed diffuse [¹⁸F]FDG uptake of the spinal cord and increased T2 signal intensity on MRI, which was suspected to be lymphoma involvement. The patient was diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma involving the right maxillofacial region, right cervical lymph nodes, cervix, brain and spinal cord (stage IV of non-germinal center B-cell origin). After chemotherapy, the spinal [¹⁸F]FDG uptake level decreased significantly, which was considered to be a partial metabolic response. Our case was different from prior, which indicated the pattern of spinal cord involvement by lymphoma was focal."
3919,brain tumour,39045789,Long non-coding RNA LBX2-AS1 activates IL4R to promote glioblastoma metastasis and angiogenesis by binding to the transcription factor NFKB1.,"LncRNA LBX2-AS1 drives the development of various cancers, but the exact mechanism whereby LBX2-AS1 affects glioblastoma (GBM) progression is unaddressed. This study intended to delineate the regulatory mechanism of LBX2-AS1 in GBM metastasis and angiogenesis."
3920,brain tumour,39045588,"Lateral transorbital neuroendoscopic approach for tumors of the orbital apex and spheno-orbital region: Technique, feasibility, efficacy, and safety based on a consecutive case series.","Surgical approaches for tumors of the orbital apex and the spheno-orbital region (SOR) comprehend medial and lateral corridors. The TransOrbital NeuroEndoscopic (TONE) approach has recently been reported as a possible effective alternative to the classic lateral corridors, but literature about is still underestimated."
3921,brain tumour,39045029,Combining the constitutive TRAIL-secreting induced neural stem cell therapy with the novel anti-cancer drug TR-107 in glioblastoma.,"Tumor-homing neural stem cell (NSC) therapy is emerging as a promising treatment for aggressive cancers of the brain. Despite their success, developing tumor-homing NSC therapy therapies that maintain durable tumor suppression remains a challenge. Herein, we report a synergistic combination regimen where the novel small molecule TR-107 augments NSC-tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) therapy (hiNeuroS-TRAIL) in models of the incurable brain cancer glioblastoma (GBM) "
3922,brain tumour,39045019,Prediction of Motor Recovery Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Postoperative Brain Tumors.,To determine whether diffusion tensor image (DTI) parameters and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) serve to preoperatively predict postoperative motor outcomes in patients with brain tumors.
3923,brain tumour,39044893,Effects of Pain Relief Through Minimal Exercise Intervention in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain.,"We aimed to minimize the frequency of exercise intervention and test the efficacy of pain relief. We also investigated the mechanism of neuropathic pain to determine the best frequency of pain relief for neuropathic pain. The chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model was randomly divided into three groups: exercise (Ex), No-Ex, and normal. The treadmill exercise intervention was administered, and the 50% withdrawal threshold was assessed using the Von Frey Test. Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) activation was determined through immunohistochemistry. In the brain, we examined the increased expression of β-endorphin/met-enkephalin in the gray matter of the midbrain aqueduct. Co-expression of CCR2, IBA1, and Neu-N was observed in the spinal cord dorsal horn by immunofluorescence staining. The 50% pain response threshold was significantly lower in the Ex group than in the No-Ex group at five weeks post-CCI, indicating a high analgesic effect. In the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, IBA1 and GFAP were significantly decreased in the Ex group than in the No-Ex group at five weeks post-CCI. However, no significant difference in activation of BDNF, CCR2, and TRAF6 was observed. In the midbrain, the Ex group showed a significant increase compared to the No-Ex group. In summary, our results suggest that in minimal-exercise intervention, neuropathic pain relief is achieved by activation of the descending pain inhibitory system in the midbrain."
3924,brain tumour,39044883,"Changing Cancer Trends in District Dir, Pakistan: Epidemiological Insights From a 10-Year Hospital-Based Study.","Background More alarming than the rise of cancer globally is its discreet changing profiles over the years. According to our knowledge, no new studies on cancer have taken place in Dir since 2004. Hence, we aimed to provide and analyze the cancer trends in district Dir, Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), regarding its prevalence and incidence, and compare it nationally and internationally. Methods A retrospective study was conducted by collecting data from 2647 clinically diagnosed cancer patients of all ages in district Dir, between the years 2008 and 2017, from the Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 and presented using different tables and figures. Results Out of the total patients, 52.7% were male and 47.3% were female. The most common types of cancers in both genders combined were breast (9.0%), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (6.0%), skin (5.7%), non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) (5.6%), and brain tumor (5.2%). The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) in males in 2017 was peaking in the age group 60-69 (2707.2) with the most prevalent cancer being NHL (7.7%). In females, ASIR was highest in the age group 30-39 (2500.8) with the majority having breast cancer (18.1%), and in children, ALL (30.9%) was most prevalent. Incidence was highest in 2014 with a staggering 15 cases/100,000 population. Cancer prevalence in females aged 50 and below was significantly higher (p<0.001) compared to males. Conclusion Our study highlights that cancer profiles in Dir in the past two decades have changed with certain results non-conforming to global and regional trends. A follow-up research should be carried out to further ascertain and analyze these diverging results in hopes of drawing a more concrete conclusion from these findings."
3925,brain tumour,39044467,Pseudoephedrine for ejaculatory dysfunction after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in testicular cancer.,To assess the impact of ejaculatory dysfunction (EjD; failure of emission or retrograde ejaculation) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for testicular cancer and explore the efficacy of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride as treatment.
3926,brain tumour,39044282,Tumor necrosis factor regulates leukocyte recruitment but not bacterial persistence during Staphylococcus aureus craniotomy infection.,"Craniotomy is a common neurosurgery used to treat intracranial pathologies. Nearly 5% of the 14 million craniotomies performed worldwide each year become infected, most often with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which forms a biofilm on the surface of the resected bone segment to establish a chronic infection that is recalcitrant to antibiotics and immune-mediated clearance. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a prototypical proinflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in generating protective immunity to various infections. Although TNF is elevated during S. aureus craniotomy infection, its functional importance in regulating disease pathogenesis has not been explored."
3927,brain tumour,39044175,Suspected silent pituitary somatotroph neuroendocrine tumor associated with acromegaly-like bone disorders: a case report.,"Growth hormone (GH) positive pituitary neuroendocrine tumors do not always cause acromegaly. Approximately one-third of GH-positive pituitary tumors are classified as non-functioning pituitary tumors in clinical practice. They typically have GH and serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels in the reference range and no acromegaly-like symptoms. However, normal hormone levels might not exclude the underlying hypersecretion of GH. This is a rare and paradoxical case of pituitary tumor causing acromegaly-associated symptoms despite normal GH and IGF-1 levels."
3928,brain tumour,39044124,Pterostilbene exerts anti-lung squamous cell carcinoma function by suppressing the level of KANK3.,"Early detection of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) has a significant impact on clinical outcomes, and pterostilbene (PT) is a natural compound with promising anti-oncogenic activities. This study aimed to identify potential LUSC biomarkers through a series of bioinformatic analyses and clinical verification and explored the interaction between PT and selected biomarkers during the treatment of LUSC. The analysis of the expression profile of the clinical samples of LUSC was performed to identify dysexpressed genes (DEGs) and validated by IHC. The role of KANK3 in the anti-LUSC effects of PT was assessed with a series of in vitro and in vivo assays. 4335 DEGs were identified, including 1851 upregulated genes and 2484 downregulated genes. Survival analysis showed that KANK3 was significantly higher in patients with LUSC with an advanced tumor stage. In in vitro assays, PT suppressed cell viability, induced apoptosis, and inhibited migration and invasion in LUSC cell lines, which was associated with downregulation of KANK3. After the reinduction of the KANK3 level in LUSC cells, the anti-LUSC function of PT was impaired. In mice model, reinduction of KANK3 increased tumor growth and metastasis even under the treatment of PT. The findings outlined in the current study indicated that PT exerted anti-LUSC function in a KANK3 inhibition-dependent manner."
3929,brain tumour,39044115,Non-invasive prehabilitation to foster widespread fMRI cortical reorganization before brain tumor surgery: lessons from a case series.,"The objective of this prospective, single-centre case series was to investigate feasibility, clinical outcomes, and neural correlates of non-invasive Neuromodulation-Induced Cortical Prehabilitation (NICP) before brain tumor surgery. Previous studies have shown that gross total resection is paramount to increase life expectancy but is counterbalanced by the need of preserving critical functional areas. NICP aims at expanding functional margins for extensive tumor resection without functional sequelae. Invasive NICP (intracranial neuromodulation) was effective but characterized by elevated costs and high rate of adverse events. Non-invasive NICP (transcranial neuromodulation) may represent a more feasible alternative. Nonetheless, up to this point, non-invasive NICP has been examined in only two case reports, yielding inconclusive findings."
3930,brain tumour,39044047,Current Trends and Innovative Approaches in Cancer Immunotherapy.,"Immunotherapy is one of the most promising therapeutic approaches in the field of cancer treatment. As a tumor progresses, tumor cells employ an array of immune-regulatory mechanisms to suppress immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. Using our understanding of these mechanisms, cancer immunotherapy has been developed to enhance the immune system's effectiveness in treating cancer. Numerous cancer immunotherapies are currently in clinical use, yet many others are either in different stages of development or undergoing clinical studies. In this paper, we briefly discuss the features and current status of cancer immunotherapies. This includes the application of monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, cytokine therapy, cancer vaccines, and gene therapy, all of which have gained significant recognition in clinical practice. Additionally, we discuss limitations that may hinder successful clinical utilization and promising strategies, such as combining immunotherapy with nanotechnology."
3931,brain tumour,39044027,Targeting the glucocorticoid receptor-CCR8 axis mediated bone marrow T cell sequestration enhances infiltration of anti-tumor T cells in intracranial cancers.,"Brain tumors such as glioblastomas are resistant to immune checkpoint blockade therapy, largely due to limited T cell infiltration in the tumors. Here, we show that mice bearing intracranial tumors exhibit systemic immunosuppression and T cell sequestration in bone marrow, leading to reduced T cell infiltration in brain tumors. Elevated plasma corticosterone drives the T cell sequestration via glucocorticoid receptors in tumor-bearing mice. Immunosuppression mediated by glucocorticoid-induced T cell dynamics and the subsequent tumor growth promotion can be abrogated by adrenalectomy, the administration of glucocorticoid activation inhibitors or glucocorticoid receptor antagonists, and in mice with T cell-specific deletion of glucocorticoid receptor. CCR8 expression in T cells is increased in tumor-bearing mice in a glucocorticoid receptor-dependent manner. Additionally, chemokines CCL1 and CCL8, the ligands for CCR8, are highly expressed in bone marrow immune cells in tumor-bearing mice to recruit T cells. These findings suggested that brain tumor-induced glucocorticoid surge and CCR8 upregulation in T cells lead to T cell sequestration in bone marrow, impairing the anti-tumor immune response. Targeting the glucocorticoid receptor-CCR8 axis may offer a promising immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of intracranial tumors."
3932,brain tumour,39044011,Editorial Expression of Concern: Generation of TRAIL-resistant cell line models reveals distinct adaptive mechanisms for acquired resistance and re-sensitization.,No abstract found
3933,brain tumour,39043735,Exploring transcriptomic databases: unraveling circadian gene disruptions in lower grade glioma.,"The study explored the role of circadian rhythm genes (CRGs) in lower grade glioma (LGG) development and found that certain genes, such as CRY1, NPAS2, and RORB, were associated with increased or decreased risk of LGG. The study also investigated the correlation between CRGs and immune cell infiltration, revealing a negative association with macrophage infiltration and a positive correlation with B cell and CD8 + T cell infiltration. Additionally, the study identified major mutated CRGs, including PER2, BMAL1, CLOCK, and BMAL2, and their potential interaction with other CNS-associated genes. The study suggests that CRGs play a crucial role in immune response and tumorigenesis in LGG patients and warrants further investigation."
3934,brain tumour,39043693,Multiomic profiling of medulloblastoma reveals subtype-specific targetable alterations at the proteome and N-glycan level.,"Medulloblastomas (MBs) are malignant pediatric brain tumors that are molecularly and clinically heterogenous. The application of omics technologies-mainly studying nucleic acids-has significantly improved MB classification and stratification, but treatment options are still unsatisfactory. The proteome and their N-glycans hold the potential to discover clinically relevant phenotypes and targetable pathways. We compile a harmonized proteome dataset of 167 MBs and integrate findings with DNA methylome, transcriptome and N-glycome data. We show six proteome MB subtypes, that can be assigned to two main molecular programs: transcription/translation (pSHHt, pWNT and pG3myc), and synapses/immunological processes (pSHHs, pG3 and pG4). Multiomic analysis reveals different conservation levels of proteome features across MB subtypes at the DNA methylome level. Aggressive pGroup3myc MBs and favorable pWNT MBs are most similar in cluster hierarchies concerning overall proteome patterns but show different protein abundances of the vincristine resistance-associated multiprotein complex TriC/CCT and of N-glycan turnover-associated factors. The N-glycome reflects proteome subtypes and complex-bisecting N-glycans characterize pGroup3myc tumors. Our results shed light on targetable alterations in MB and set a foundation for potential immunotherapies targeting glycan structures."
3935,brain tumour,39043634,PRMT6 facilitates EZH2 protein stability by inhibiting TRAF6-mediated ubiquitination degradation to promote glioblastoma cell invasion and migration.,"Invasion and migration are the key hallmarks of cancer, and aggressive growth is a major factor contributing to treatment failure and poor prognosis in glioblastoma. Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6), as an epigenetic regulator, has been confirmed to promote the malignant proliferation of glioblastoma cells in previous studies. However, the effects of PRMT6 on glioblastoma cell invasion and migration and its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report that PRMT6 functions as a driver element for tumor cell invasion and migration in glioblastoma. Bioinformatics analysis and glioma sample detection results demonstrated that PRMT6 is highly expressed in mesenchymal subtype or invasive gliomas, and is significantly negatively correlated with their prognosis. Inhibition of PRMT6 (using PRMT6 shRNA or inhibitor EPZ020411) reduces glioblastoma cell invasion and migration in vitro, whereas overexpression of PRMT6 produces opposite effects. Then, we identified that PRMT6 maintains the protein stability of EZH2 by inhibiting the degradation of EZH2 protein, thereby mediating the invasion and migration of glioblastoma cells. Further mechanistic investigations found that PRMT6 inhibits the transcription of TRAF6 by activating the histone methylation mark (H3R2me2a), and reducing the interaction between TRAF6 and EZH2 to enhance the protein stability of EZH2 in glioblastoma cells. Xenograft tumor assay and HE staining results showed that the expression of PRMT6 could promote the invasion of glioblastoma cells in vivo, the immunohistochemical staining results of mouse brain tissue tumor sections also confirmed the regulatory relationship between PRMT6, TRAF6, and EZH2. Our findings illustrate that PRMT6 suppresses TRAF6 transcription via H3R2me2a to enhance the protein stability of EZH2 to facilitate glioblastoma cell invasion and migration. Blocking the PRMT6-TRAF6-EZH2 axis is a promising strategy for inhibiting glioblastoma cell invasion and migration."
3936,brain tumour,39043464,"Lomustine overdose in a patient with diffuse glioma: symptoms, management and outcome.","A male patient started PCV chemotherapy (a combination of procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine) for a recurrent oligodendroglioma grade 2. Unfortunately, our patient took an unintended overdose of lomustine during the first PCV course: instead of 160 mg absolute dose of lomustine on day 1 only, he consumed 160 mg absolute dose of lomustine for seven consecutive days to a total dose of 1120 mg. Pancytopenia became evident after 24 days, and several months of severe myelosuppression, infections, reduced general condition, and nutrition difficulties followed. Fortunately, our patient with time recovered his bone marrow function. However, the patient's quality of life was reduced for a long time and several lessons were learnt: oral and written information on chemotherapy is essential, but not always sufficient to ensure the correct dosing of patient-administered chemotherapy. Oral chemotherapeutics should be delivered as a single-dose supply or be administered by experienced health personnel."
3937,brain tumour,39043349,Rhythmic gamma frequency light flickering ameliorates stress-related behaviors and cognitive deficits by modulating neuroinflammatory response through IL-12-Mediated cytokines production in chronic stress-induced mice.,"Chronic stress enhances the risk for psychiatric disorders and induces depression and cognitive impairment. Gamma oscillations are essential for neurocircuit function, emotion, and cognition. However, the influence of gamma entrainment by sensory stimuli on specific aspects of chronic stress-induced responses remains unclear. Mice were subjected to corticosterone (CORT) administration and chronic restraint stress (CRS) for weeks, followed by rhythmic gamma frequency light flickering exposure. Local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from the V1, CA1, and PFC regions to verify the light flicker on gamma oscillations. Behavioral tests were used to examine stress-related and memory-related behaviors. Golgi staining was performed to observe changes in spine morphology. Synaptosomes were isolated to determine the expression of synapse-related proteins through immunoblotting. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was applied to explore specific changes in the transcriptome. Immunofluorescence staining, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and ELISA were used to evaluate microglial activation and cytokine levels. In this study, we demonstrated that rhythmic 40 Hz LF attenuated stress-related behavior and cognitive impairments by ameliorating the microstructural alterations in spine morphology and increasing the expression of GluN2A and GluA1 in chronically stressed mice. Transcriptome analysis revealed that significantly downregulated genes in LF-exposed CRS mice were enriched in neuroimmune-related signaling pathways. Rhythmic 40 Hz LF exposure significantly decreased the number of Iba1-positive microglia in the PFC and hippocampus, and the expression levels of the M1 markers of microglia iNOS and CD68 were reduced significantly in CRS mice. In addition, 40 Hz LF exposure suppressed the secretion of cytokines IL-12, which could regulate the production of IFN-γ and IL-10 in stressed mice. Our results demonstrate that exposure to rhythmic 40 Hz LF induces the neuroimmune response and downregulation of neuroinflammation with attenuated stress-related behaviors and cognitive function in CRS-induced mice. Our findings highlight the importance of sensory-evoked gamma entrainment as a potential therapeutic strategy for stress-related disorders treatment. Abbreviations: CORT, Chronic corticosterone treatment; CRS, Chronic restraint stress; IACUC, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee; LF, light flickers; FST, Forced swim test; NSFT, Novelty-suppressed feeding test; SPT, Sucrose preference test; NSFT, Novelty-suppressed feeding; qPCR, Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PBS-T, phosphate-buffered saline plus 0.1% Tween 20; PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride; GFAP, Glial fibrillary acidic protein; DAPI, 4',6-Diamid- ino-2-phenylindole; Iba1, Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1; iNOS, Inducible nitric oxide synthase; IL-10, Interleukin-10; IL6, Interleukin 6; IL-1β, Interleukin 1β; IL-12, Interleukin 12; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor alpha; IFN-γ, Interferon-gamma; TLR6 and 9, Toll-like Receptor 6 and 9."
3938,brain tumour,39043346,Sleep-wake behavior and responses to sleep deprivation and immune challenge of protein kinase RNA-activated knockout mice.,"Protein Kinase RNA-activated (PKR) is an enzyme that plays a role in many systemic processes, including modulation of inflammation, and is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). PKR phosphorylation results in the production of several cytokines involved in the regulation / modulation of sleep, including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ. We hypothesized targeting PKR would alter spontaneous sleep of mice, attenuate responses to sleep deprivation, and inhibit responses to immune challenge. To test these hypotheses, we determined the sleep-wake phenotype of mice lacking PKR (knockout; PKR"
3939,brain tumour,39043109,DMSPS: Dynamically mixed soft pseudo-label supervision for scribble-supervised medical image segmentation.,"High performance of deep learning on medical image segmentation rely on large-scale pixel-level dense annotations, which poses a substantial burden on medical experts due to the laborious and time-consuming annotation process, particularly for 3D images. To reduce the labeling cost as well as maintain relatively satisfactory segmentation performance, weakly-supervised learning with sparse labels has attained increasing attentions. In this work, we present a scribble-based framework for medical image segmentation, called Dynamically Mixed Soft Pseudo-label Supervision (DMSPS). Concretely, we extend a backbone with an auxiliary decoder to form a dual-branch network to enhance the feature capture capability of the shared encoder. Considering that most pixels do not have labels and hard pseudo-labels tend to be over-confident to result in poor segmentation, we propose to use soft pseudo-labels generated by dynamically mixing the decoders' predictions as auxiliary supervision. To further enhance the model's performance, we adopt a two-stage approach where the sparse scribbles are expanded based on predictions with low uncertainties from the first-stage model, leading to more annotated pixels to train the second-stage model. Experiments on ACDC dataset for cardiac structure segmentation, WORD dataset for 3D abdominal organ segmentation and BraTS2020 dataset for 3D brain tumor segmentation showed that: (1) compared with the baseline, our method improved the average DSC from 50.46% to 89.51%, from 75.46% to 87.56% and from 52.61% to 76.53% on the three datasets, respectively; (2) DMSPS achieved better performance than five state-of-the-art scribble-supervised segmentation methods, and is generalizable to different segmentation backbones. The code is available online at: https://github.com/HiLab-git/DMSPS."
3940,brain tumour,39043108,Diffusion tensor transformation for personalizing target volumes in radiation therapy.,"Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is used in tumor growth models to provide information on the infiltration pathways of tumor cells into the surrounding brain tissue. When a patient-specific DTI is not available, a template image such as a DTI atlas can be transformed to the patient anatomy using image registration. This study investigates a model, the invariance under coordinate transform (ICT), that transforms diffusion tensors from a template image to the patient image, based on the principle that the tumor growth process can be mapped, at any point in time, between the images using the same transformation function that we use to map the anatomy. The ICT model allows the mapping of tumor cell densities and tumor fronts (as iso-levels of tumor cell density) from the template image to the patient image for inclusion in radiotherapy treatment planning. The proposed approach transforms the diffusion tensors to simulate tumor growth in locally deformed anatomy and outputs the tumor cell density distribution over time. The ICT model is validated in a cohort of ten brain tumor patients. Comparative analysis with the tumor cell density in the original template image shows that the ICT model accurately simulates tumor cell densities in the deformed image space. By creating radiotherapy target volumes as tumor fronts, this study provides a framework for more personalized radiotherapy treatment planning, without the use of additional imaging."
3941,brain tumour,39043046,"The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of the Combination of Tumor M2-Pyruvate Kinase, Carcinoembryonic Antigen, and Cytokeratin 19 Fragment in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.",
3942,brain tumour,39043042,"Advances in Molecular Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Astrocytomas.","Spinal cord astrocytoma (SCA) is a rare subtype of astrocytoma, posing challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Low-grade SCA can achieve long-term survival solely through surgery, while high-grade has a disappointing prognosis even with comprehensive treatment. Diagnostic criteria and standard treatment of intracranial astrocytoma have shown obvious limitations in SCA. Research on the molecular mechanism in SCA is lagging far behind that on intracranial astrocytoma. In recent years, huge breakthroughs have been made in molecular pathology of astrocytoma, and novel techniques have emerged, including DNA methylation analysis and radiomics. These advances are now making it possible to provide a precise diagnosis and develop corresponding treatment strategies in SCA. Our aim is to review the current status of diagnosis and treatment of SCA, and summarize the latest research advancement, including tumor subtype, molecular characteristics, diagnostic technology, and potential therapy strategies, thus deepening our understanding of this uncommon tumor type and providing guidance for accurate diagnosis and treatment."
3943,brain tumour,39042996,Leveraging segmentation-guided spatial feature embedding for overall survival prediction in glioblastoma with multimodal magnetic resonance imaging.,"Patients with glioblastoma have a five-year relative survival rate of less than 5 %. Thus, accurately predicting the overall survival (OS) of patients with glioblastoma is crucial for effective treatment planning."
3944,brain tumour,39042962,TRIP13 - a potential drug target in cancer pharmacotherapy.,ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activity (AAA
3945,brain tumour,39042829,Targeted Radionuclide Therapy in Glioblastoma.,"Despite the development of various novel therapies, glioblastoma (GBM) remains a devastating disease, with a median survival of less than 15 months. Recently, targeted radionuclide therapy has shown significant progress in treating solid tumors, with the approval of Lutathera for neuroendocrine tumors and Pluvicto for prostate cancer by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). This achievement has shed light on the potential of targeted radionuclide therapy for other solid tumors, including GBM. This review presents the current status of targeted radionuclide therapy in GBM, highlighting the commonly used therapeutic radionuclides emitting alpha, beta particles, and Auger electrons that could induce potent molecular and cellular damage to treat GBM. We then explore a range of targeting vectors, including small molecules, peptides, and antibodies, which selectively target antigen-expressing tumor cells with minimal or no binding to healthy tissues. Considering that radiopharmaceuticals for GBM are often administered locoregionally to bypass the blood-brain barrier (BBB), we review prominent delivery methods such as convection-enhanced delivery, local implantation, and stereotactic injections. Finally, we address the challenges of this therapeutic approach for GBM and propose potential solutions."
3946,brain tumour,39042828,Microfluidic-Derived Docosahexaenoic Acid Liposomes for Targeting Glioblastoma and Its Inflammatory Microenvironment.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, characterized by limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. Its aggressiveness is attributed not only to the uncontrolled proliferation and invasion of tumor cells but also to the complex interplay between these cells and the surrounding microenvironment. Within the tumor microenvironment, an intricate network of immune cells, stromal cells, and various signaling molecules creates a pro-inflammatory milieu that supports tumor growth and progression. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an essential ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid for brain function, is associated with anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties. Therefore, in this work, DHA liposomes were synthesized using a microfluidic platform to target and reduce the inflammatory environment of GBM. The liposomes were rapidly taken up by macrophages in a time-dependent manner without causing cytotoxicity. Moreover, DHA liposomes successfully downregulated the expression of inflammatory-associated genes ("
3947,brain tumour,39042636,Head circumferences measured during developmental monitoring visits before diagnosis of childhood-onset craniopharyngioma.,"Craniopharyngiomas (CP) are histologically benign (WHO grade 1), embryonal malformations which are related to remnants of the Rathke's pouch and are located in the (peri)sellar region. Already before CP diagnosis, many patients show a reduced growth velocity and tend to present with weight gain. However, it is unknown whether patients with CP develop an increased head circumference (HC) before CP diagnosis, which could be a useful early diagnostic indicator."
3948,brain tumour,39042515,Comparing loss of p16 and MTAP expression in detecting CDKN2A homozygous deletion in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma.,"Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXAs) harbor CDKN2A homozygous deletion in >90% of cases, resulting in loss of p16 expression by immunohistochemistry. Considering the proximity of MTAP to CDKN2A and their frequent concurrent deletions, loss of MTAP expression may be a surrogate for CDKN2A homozygous deletion. We evaluated p16 and MTAP expression in 38 patient PXAs (CNS WHO grade 2: n = 23, 60.5%; grade 3: n = 15, 39.5%) with available chromosomal microarray data to determine whether MTAP can be utilized independently or in combination with p16 to predict CDKN2A status. CDKN2A, CDKN2B, and MTAP homozygous deletion were present in 37 (97.4%), 36 (94.7%), and 25 (65.8%) cases, respectively. Expression of p16 was lost in 35 (92.1%) cases, equivocal in one (2.6%), and failed in 2 (5.3%), while MTAP expression was lost in 27 (71.1%) cases, retained in 10 (26.3%), and equivocal in one (2.6%). This yielded a sensitivity of 94.6% for p16 and 73.0% for MTAP in detecting CDKN2A homozygous deletion through immunohistochemistry. MTAP expression was lost in the 2 cases with failed p16 staining (combined sensitivity of 100%). Our findings demonstrate that combined p16 and MTAP immunostains correctly detect CDKN2A homozygous deletion in PXA, while MTAP expression alone shows reduced sensitivity."
3949,brain tumour,39042450,Evaluating stereotactic accuracy with patient-specific MRI distortion corrections for frame-based radiosurgery.,This study examines how MRI distortions affect frame-based SRS treatments and assesses the need for clinical distortion corrections.
3950,brain tumour,39042445,Mutant IDH Modulates Suppressive Myeloid Populations in Malignant Glioma.,"Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes IDH1 and IDH2 have critical diagnostic and prognostic significance in diffuse gliomas. Neomorphic mutant IDH activity has been previously implicated in T-cell suppression; however, the effects of IDH mutations on intratumoral myeloid populations remain underexplored. In this study, we investigate the influence of IDH status on the myeloid compartment using human glioma specimens and preclinical models."
3951,brain tumour,39042399,Translational History and Hope of Immunotherapy of Canine Tumors.,"Companion dogs have served an important role in cancer immunotherapy research. Sharing similar environments and diets with humans, dogs naturally develop many of the same cancers. These shared exposures, coupled with dogs' diverse genetic makeup, make them ideal subjects for studying cancer therapies. Tumors like osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, soft-tissue sarcoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma occur with greater frequency than their counterpart disease in humans. Canine brain tumors allow the study of therapy strategies with imaging, surgery, and radiotherapy equipment in veterinary patients with near-human geometry. Nonspecific immunostimulants, autologous and allogeneic vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and cellular therapies used in treating canine cancers have been tested in veterinary clinical trials. These treatments have not only improved outcomes for dogs but have also provided valuable insights for human cancer treatment. Advancements in radiation technology and the development of tools to characterize canine immune responses have further facilitated the ability to translate veterinary clinical trial results to human applications. Advancements in immunotherapy of canine tumors have directly supported translation to human clinical trials leading to approved therapies for patients with cancer around the world. The study of immunotherapy in dogs has been and will continue to be a promising avenue for advancing human cancer treatment."
3952,brain tumour,39042302,"Sonodynamic therapy for adult-type diffuse gliomas: past, present, and future.","Intra-axial brain tumors persist as significant clinical challenges. Aggressive surgical resection carries risk of morbidity, and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents optimal pharmacological interventions. There is a clear clinical demand for innovative and less invasive therapeutic strategies for patients, especially those that can augment established treatment protocols. Focused ultrasound (FUS) has emerged as a promising approach to manage brain tumors. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), a subset of FUS, utilizes sonosensitizers activated by ultrasound waves to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce tumor cell death."
3953,brain tumour,39042301,Progression versus pseudoprogression: radiological differentiation with contrast clearance analysis on brain MRI.,No abstract found
3954,brain tumour,39042217,In-vitro and in-vivo studies of two-drug cocktail therapy targeting chemobrain via the Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway.,"Today, we critically need alternative therapeutic options for chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI), often known as chemo brain. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are two of the primary processes that contribute to the development of chemobrain. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate how CoQ10 and berberine shield neurons from chemotherapy-induced damage in in-vitro studies and memory loss in vivo studies. For the in-vitro investigation, we employed SH-SY5Y cell lines, and for the in-vivo study, we used female Swiss albino mice divided into seven different groups. Data from in-vitro studies revealed that treatment with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and berberine improved chemotherapy-induced toxicity by reducing mitochondrial and total cellular ROS, as well as apoptosis-elicited markers (caspase 3 and 9). CoQ10 and berberine therapy inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and, consequently, the subsequent expressions of NLRP3 and IL-1β, implying the prevention of inflammasome formation. Furthermore, CoQ10 and berberine therapy boosted Nrf2 levels. This is a regulator for cellular resistance to oxidants. The in vivo results showed that treatment with CoQ10 (40 mg/kg) and berberine (200 mg/kg) improved the behavioral alterations induced by CAF (40/4/25 mg/kg) in both the Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Novel Object Recognition (NOR) tests. Furthermore, biochemical and molecular evidence revealed the antioxidant, mitochondrial restorative, and anti-inflammatory potential of CoQ10 (40 mg/kg) and berberine (200 mg/kg) against CAF (40/4/25 mg/kg) subjected mice. In addition, the histological analysis using H&E staining and transmission electron microscopy (for mitochondrial morphology) showed that mice treated with the cocktails had an increased number of healthy neurons with intact mitochondria and a reduced presence of autophagic vacuoles in the hippocampal region of the brain. These findings back up our theory about this novel cocktail method for CAF-induced cognitive impairment."
3955,brain tumour,39042164,Clinical use of [,To assess the utility of [
3956,brain tumour,39042072,A Novel Nasal Endoscopy-Assisted Method for Sealing Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea.,"Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is one of the most common complications after trans-sphenoidal surgery. At present, transcranial or endoscopic surgery for CSF leakage requires general anesthesia to remove autologous fat or fascia to repair the leak, which is traumatic and costly. The authors present a case of a 25-year-old male patient with pituitary adenoma who experienced CSF rhinorrhea 10 days after undergoing endoscopic resection of the tumor. The authors innovatively sequential filled the leak with a gelatin sponge soaked in povidone-iodine solution and iodinated gauze under outpatient nasal endoscopy. The follow-up of 6 months showed no recurrence of CSF leakage. CSF leakage is the most common complication of trans-sphenoidal surgery. The authors suggest that for small cerebrospinal fluid leaks in the early stage after trans-sphenoidal surgery, the leakage should be first filled with gelatin sponge and iodoform gauze sequentially under outpatient nasal endoscopy, which may achieve a complete cure."
3957,brain tumour,39041987,Role of Multimodal Monitoring in the Management of Massive Blood Transfusion in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Excision of Choroid Plexus Carcinoma - A Case-Based Review of a Novel Perioperative Protocol.,"Choroid plexus carcinomas (CPCs) are rare intraventricular lesions encountered in the pediatric population. The dreaded perioperative complication causing high mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing excision of CPC is massive intraoperative hemorrhage, which results in massive blood transfusion, and coagulopathy. Hence, the main crux of perioperative management is to tackle intraoperative hemorrhage and coagulopathy by instituting goal-directed blood transfusion guided by multimodality monitoring. This case series and literature review aims to present our institutional experience wherein the patients had a favorable outcome post-excision of CPC owing to goal-directed blood transfusion protocol guided by multimodality monitoring in the perioperative period."
3958,brain tumour,39041976,Safety and Efficiency of Anlotinib in Patients with Recurrent Grade 4 Glioma: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis.,"Anlotinib is a multi-target TKI which has been used in different advanced tumors. However, its efficiency and safety in patients with glioblastoma are still not well discussed. This retrospective study aimed to discover the safety and efficiency of anlotinib in recurrent grade 4 glioma."
3959,brain tumour,39041968,Comparison of Response First Technique with Reversal First Technique for Quality of Extubation in Patients Undergoing Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.,Early and smooth extubation following anesthesia is an important concern in patients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary surgery to permit early neurological evaluation and prevent complications. The aim was to compare the RESPONSE FIRST and REVERSAL FIRST techniques for quality of extubation (QOE) in patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.
3960,brain tumour,39041967,"Audit of Presentation, Primary Site, and Pattern of Treatment in 778 Indian Patients with Brain Metastasis in 15 Years (2007-2022).","Audit of brain metastasis (BM) patients treated with radiation therapy (RT) in a tertiary cancer center from South India was carried out to assess the incidence of BM by site with a specific focus on their primary origin, with an aim to evaluate the relationship between the primary site and the site of metastases, pattern of care, and RT over the years."
3961,brain tumour,39041966,Intentional Insertion of Air to Predict the Diagnostic Accuracy of Stereotactic Biopsy and a Uniform Grading System for Reporting.,"Stereotactic biopsies are a relatively safe and reliable way of tissue diagnosis and characterization of eloquent area lesions/neoplasm. However, predicting the accuracy of the site of biopsy with the desired/planned site is not always possible. We describe a technique to identify the precise location of the biopsy site in the post-operative computed tomography (CT) scan using the injection of a low volume of air into the biopsy cannula."
3962,brain tumour,39041963,Fully Endoscopic Trans-Sphenoidal (TNS) Gross Total Resection of a Rare Granular Cell Tumor of Neurohypophysis: Surgical Video and Case Strategy Discussion.,No abstract found
3963,brain tumour,39041936,Monitoring Patients with Glioblastoma by Using a Large Language Model: Accurate Summarization of Radiology Reports with GPT-4.,No abstract found
3964,brain tumour,39041671,"Decitabine enclosed biotin-zein conjugated nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, ",
3965,brain tumour,39041645,Association of RAN and RANBP2 Gene Polymorphisms With Glioma Susceptibility in Chinese Children.,"Glioma is the most prevalent pediatric central nervous system malignancy. RAN, member RAS oncogene family (RAN), is a key signaling molecule that regulates the polymerization of microtubules during mitosis. RAN binding protein 2 (RANBP2) is involved in DNA replication, mitosis, metabolism, and tumorigenesis. The effects of RAN and RANBP2 gene polymorphisms on glioma susceptibility in Chinese children are currently unknown."
3966,brain tumour,39041129,[Shenfu Injection regulates macrophage polarization via TLR4/NF-κB pathway to reduce inflammation in chronic heart failure].,"This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of Shenfu Injection on mice with chronic heart failure(CHF) and its effect on macrophage polarization. C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to the normal and model groups. The CHF model was established by intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol(ISO, 7.5 mg·kg~(-1), 28 d). The successful modeling was determined by asses-sing the cardiac function and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP). The modeled mice were randomly divided into the model group, Shenfu Injection group, and TAK-242 group, and were injected intraperitoneally with the corresponding drugs for 15 days. Cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was used to detect the pathomorphology. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the values of serum NT-proBNP, interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), IL-10, and arginase 1(Arg-1). Flow cytometry was applied to detect the relative content and M1/M2 polarization of cardiac macrophages. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect the changes in the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) pathway-related mRNA and protein expressions. Compared with the normal group, mice in the model group had lower values of left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shorte-ning(LVFS), higher values of left ventricular internal diastolic end-diastolic(LVIDd), left ventricular internal diastolic end-systolic(LVIDs), NT-proBNP, TNF-α, and IL-6(P&lt;0.01); the number of macrophages increased in cardiac tissues(P&lt;0.05), and the values of M1-F4/80~+CD86~+ were increased(P&lt;0.01), while the values of M2-F4/80~+CD163~+ decreased(P&lt;0.05); the mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88), IκB kinase α(IKKα), and NF-κB p65 in myocardial tissues were significantly elevated(P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01). Compared with the model group, mice in the Shenfu Injection and TAK-242 groups showed elevated LVEF, LVFS, IL-10, and Arg-1 levels, and decreased LVIDd, LVIDs, NT-proBNP, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels(P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01); the cardiac F4/80~+CD11b~+(macrophage) and M1-F4/80~+ CD86~+ values were significantly down-regulated, while M2-F4/80~+CD163~+ values were increased(P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01); and the mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4, MyD88, IKKα, and NF-κB p65 in myocardial tissues were notably decreased(P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01). CHF mice have an imbalance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization, with M1-type macrophages predominating. Shenfu Injection promotes macrophage polarization towards M2, inhibits M1-type macrophage activation, and attenuates inflammatory responses in heart failure by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway."
3967,brain tumour,39040435,Prediction of radiologic outcome-optimized dose plans and post-treatment magnetic resonance images: A proof-of-concept study in breast cancer brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery.,"Information in multiparametric Magnetic Resonance (mpMR) images is relatable to voxel-level tumor response to Radiation Treatment (RT). We have investigated a deep learning framework to predict (i) post-treatment mpMR images from pre-treatment mpMR images and the dose map (""forward models""), and, (ii) the RT dose map that will produce prescribed changes within the Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) on post-treatment mpMR images (""inverse model""), in Breast Cancer Metastases to the Brain (BCMB) treated with Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)."
3968,brain tumour,39040363,Preliminary investigation of nitric oxide release from upconverted nanoparticles excited at 808 nm near-infrared for brain tumors.,Upconverted UCNPs@mSiO
3969,brain tumour,39040072,Investigation of a fluorescent reporter microenvironment niche labeling strategy in experimental brain metastasis.,"Brain metastases are the most common brain tumors in patients and are associated with poor prognosis. Investigating the colonization and outgrowth of brain metastases is challenging given the complexity of the organ, tissue sampling difficulty, and limited experimental models. To address this challenge, we employed a strategy to analyze the metastatic niche in established lesions, based on the release of a cell-penetrating mCherry tag from labeled tumor cells to neighboring niche cells, using different brain metastasis mouse models. We found that CD206+ macrophages were the most abundant cells taking up the mCherry label in established metastases. "
3970,brain tumour,39040015,Approach to the Patient: New Era Emerges for Craniopharyngioma Management.,"Papillary craniopharyngioma (PCP) and adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) are distinct, slow-growing tumors of the suprasellar region. Their location, composition, and biology have historically evaded successful surgical radiation and medical therapy. Meanwhile compromise of critical structures either by tumor or treatments increase morbidity, impacting patient and carer quality of life. There has been a paradigm shift in the management of PCP, stemming from the discovery of BRAFV600E mutation in its tumorigenesis. Such a treatment breakthrough may soon be the case for ACP, changing the landscape of craniopharyngioma management. We use a case of ACP partially responding to ERK inhibitor therapy to demonstrate chronicity of disease progression and discuss modern management strategies highlighting the importance of access to tumor agnostic clinical trials, and future directions."
3971,brain tumour,39039973,NIR-Mediated Pyroelectric Catalysis for Sustained ROS/RNS Generation and Advanced Cancer Therapy In Vivo via Injectable Hydrogel.,"Exogenous electrical stimulation has attracted considerable attention due to the advantages of microelectric induction and subsequent biological effects such as actin reorganization and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Herein, an injectable hydrogel of BPR-ARG@Gel (BAG) with pyroelectric BPR nanoparticle loading and l-arginine (ARG) introduction was fabricated for advanced cancer therapy in vivo. Due to the photothermal effect, the holes and electrons in BPR nanoparticles were separated to produce an open-circuit voltage and consequently catalyze water H"
3972,brain tumour,39039959,Autologous stem cell transplantation in adults with atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor: a case report and review.,
3973,brain tumour,39039877,[Genotype and phenotype of WWOX gene related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy].,
3974,brain tumour,39039535,ALDH5A1/miR-210 axis plays a key role in reprogramming cellular metabolism and has a significant correlation with glioblastoma patient survival.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive among the tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), and has a dismal prognosis. Altered metabolism, especially the increased rate of aerobic glycolysis promotes rapid proliferation of GBM cells. Here, we investigated the role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family member A1 (ALDH5A1), a mitochondrial enzyme in the aspect of GBM metabolism. We also studied the regulatory mechanisms of altered ALDH5A1 expression in GBM."
3975,brain tumour,39039441,Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system identified with CSF biomarkers.,"Diagnosis of primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (PCNSL) is challenging and often delayed. MRI imaging, CSF cytology and flow cytometry have a low sensitivity and even brain biopsies can be misleading. We report three cases of PCNSL with various clinical presentation and radiological findings where the diagnosis was suggested by novel CSF biomarkers and subsequently confirmed by brain biopsy or autopsy."
3976,brain tumour,39039298,Targeting monocytic Occludin impairs transendothelial migration and HIV neuroinvasion.,"Transmigration of circulating monocytes from the bloodstream to tissues represents an early hallmark of inflammation. This process plays a pivotal role during viral neuroinvasion, encephalitis, and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. How monocytes locally unzip endothelial tight junction-associated proteins (TJAPs), without perturbing impermeability, to reach the central nervous system remains poorly understood. Here, we show that human circulating monocytes express the TJAP Occludin (OCLN) to promote transmigration through endothelial cells. We found that human monocytic OCLN (hmOCLN) clusters at monocyte-endothelium interface, while modulation of hmOCLN expression significantly impacts monocyte transmigration. Furthermore, we designed OCLN-derived peptides targeting its extracellular loops (EL) and show that transmigration of treated monocytes is inhibited in vitro and in zebrafish embryos, while preserving vascular integrity. Monocyte transmigration toward the brain is an important process for HIV neuroinvasion and we found that the OCLN-derived peptides significantly inhibit HIV dissemination to cerebral organoids. In conclusion, our study identifies an important role for monocytic OCLN during transmigration and provides a proof-of-concept for the development of mitigation strategies to prevent monocyte infiltration and viral neuroinvasion."
3977,brain tumour,39039214,Neuro-ophthalmic evaluation and management of pituitary disease.,"Neuro-ophthalmic evaluation is a crucial component of the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of pituitary disease and compressive chiasmopathy, and can inform the timing of vision-restoring tumour resection surgery. The most common disease affecting the pituitary with neuro-ophthalmic implications are pituitary adenomas. Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations include decreased vision, abnormal colour vision and impaired visual field or diplopia. The recognition of these syndromes is critical to achieve early diagnosis and treatment and to improve prognosis. The pattern of vision loss in chiasmal compression is determined by the anatomical relationship between the pituitary lesion and optic chiasm, and potential visual field defects include bitemporal deficits, junctional scotomas, monocular cecocentral defects, and incongruous homonymous hemianopias. Rarer neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of pituitary disease include ophthalmoplegia, nystagmus, and obstructive hydrocephalus. There is growing evidence that demonstrates the strong diagnostic utility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters in detecting the presence of compressive chiasmopathy, as well as the prognostic ability to predict the rate and degree of visual recovery following decompression surgery. Long-term neuro-ophthalmic monitoring is critical for detecting delayed vision loss following resection surgery, which may represent tumour recurrence or secondary complications."
3978,brain tumour,39039194,HADHA promotes glioma progression by accelerating MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination.,"Glioma represents a notoriously aggressive and malignant tumor that targets the central nervous system, with a poor prognosis for patients. In this research, we set out to examine the role of hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit alpha (HADHA) in glioma, its clinical significance, as well as its potential biological mechanisms. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry staining to assess the expression level of HADHA in glioma tissues. We also evaluated the correlation between HADHA expression and patient survival using the Kaplan-Meier method. To determine the role of HADHA in glioma cells, we conducted loss-of-function assays in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we utilized co-immunoprecipitation and protein stability assays to investigate the potential mechanisms involving HADHA, MDM2, and p53 in glioma. Our research findings indicate that gliomas exhibit high levels of HADHA. Clinically, high expression of HADHA suggests an increased risk of malignant tumors, recurrence, and reduced survival rates. Functionally, knocking down HADHA can lead to decreased proliferation, enhanced apoptosis, and inhibited migration of glioma cells. Mechanistically, HADHA accelerates MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination through interaction with MDM2. Consistently, MDM2 knockdown or overexpression of p53 can attenuate the promoting effect of HADHA overexpression on the malignant progression of glioma. We have discovered a novel role of HADHA in promoting MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination, which contributes to the progression of glioma. This finding provides a new perspective to understand the pathogenesis of glioma and offers a potential target for developing innovative therapeutic strategies."
3979,brain tumour,39039193,Atypical cellular responses mediated by intracellular constitutive active TrkB (NTRK2) kinase domains and a solely intracellular NTRK2-fusion oncogene.,"Trk (NTRK) receptor and NTRK gene fusions are oncogenic drivers of a wide variety of tumors. Although Trk receptors are typically activated at the cell surface, signaling of constitutive active Trk and diverse intracellular NTRK fusion oncogenes is barely investigated. Here, we show that a high intracellular abundance is sufficient for neurotrophin-independent, constitutive activation of TrkB kinase domains. In HEK293 cells, constitutive active TrkB kinase and an intracellular NTRK2-fusion oncogene (SQSTM1-NTRK2) reduced actin filopodia dynamics, phosphorylated FAK, and altered the cell morphology. Atypical cellular responses could be mimicked with the intracellular kinase domain, which did not activate the Trk-associated MAPK/ERK pathway. In glioblastoma-like U87MG cells, expression of TrkB or SQSTM1-NTRK2 reduced cell motility and caused drastic changes in the transcriptome. Clinically approved Trk inhibitors or mutating Y"
3980,brain tumour,39039045,Protective alleles and precision healthcare in crewed spaceflight.,"Common and rare alleles are now being annotated across millions of human genomes, and omics technologies are increasingly being used to develop health and treatment recommendations. However, these alleles have not yet been systematically characterized relative to aerospace medicine. Here, we review published alleles naturally found in human cohorts that have a likely protective effect, which is linked to decreased cancer risk and improved bone, muscular, and cardiovascular health. Although some technical and ethical challenges remain, research into these protective mechanisms could translate into improved nutrition, exercise, and health recommendations for crew members during deep space missions."
3981,brain tumour,39038871,"YAP1 fusion-positive supratentorial ependymoma in an infant: clinical, imaging and therapeutic considerations for a rare entity.",No abstract found
3982,brain tumour,39038716,An XAI-enhanced efficientNetB0 framework for precision brain tumor detection in MRI imaging.,"Accurately diagnosing brain tumors from MRI scans is crucial for effective treatment planning. While traditional methods heavily rely on radiologist expertise, the integration of AI, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), has shown promise in improving accuracy. However, the lack of transparency in AI decision-making processes presents a challenge for clinical adoption."
3983,brain tumour,39038646,Governance Challenges to the Neurosurgical Care of Brain Tumors in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.,"Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) often struggle to provide adequate neurosurgical care due to poor governance and institutional efforts, making access to care difficult. Therefore, our review of literature aims to identify gaps in government, national, and institutional efforts to combat barriers to neurosurgical care of brain tumors in LMICs, to inform future policy and action planning."
3984,brain tumour,39038645,Transcallosal Retroforniceal Transchoroidal Approach: To the Posterior Third Ventricle and Beyond.,"The transcallosal retroforniceal transchoroidal approach represents an advanced neurosurgical technique that allows access to lesions located within the posterior third ventricle and mesencephalon. It relies on a comprehensive understanding of microsurgical anatomy and embryology, integrating modern neurosurgical operative techniques to minimize retraction and injury to the normal neuronal structures."
3985,brain tumour,39038644,"""Doctor, What Would You do if You Were Me?"" - A Survey of Physician Perspectives Toward Glioblastoma Resection.","How maximal safe resection of glioblastoma (GBM) is implemented in the clinical setting remains understudied. Here, we utilized a survey-based approach to understand physician perspectives on this matter."
3986,brain tumour,39038643,Perioperative Management of Antiplatelet and Anticoagulation in Brain Tumor Surgery: A Survey of International Practices.,"Perioperative management of antithrombotic therapy is a necessary preprocedural consideration for patients prescribed direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), vitamin K antagonists, or antiplatelet medications. There is a lack of evidence-based guidelines to help inform decision-making in managing antiplatelet and anticoagulation medications in the perioperative period around brain tumor resection. The objective of this study was to provide an example of the heterogeneity in practice and raise awareness for the need to create standardized guidelines for managing these medications."
3987,brain tumour,39038392,Deep learning-based IDH1 gene mutation prediction using histopathological imaging and clinical data.,"In the field of histopathology, many studies on the classification of whole slide images (WSIs) using artificial intelligence (AI) technology have been reported. We have studied the disease progression assessment of glioma. Adult-type diffuse gliomas, a type of brain tumor, are classified into astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and glioblastoma. Astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma are also called low grade glioma (LGG), and glioblastoma is also called glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). LGG patients frequently have isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations. Patients with IDH mutations have been reported to have a better prognosis than patients without IDH mutations. Therefore, IDH mutations are an essential indicator for the classification of glioma. That is why we focused on the IDH1 mutation. In this paper, we aimed to classify the presence or absence of the IDH1 mutation using WSIs and clinical data of glioma patients. Ensemble learning between the WSIs model and the clinical data model is used to classify the presence or absence of IDH1 mutation. By using slide level labels, we combined patch-based imaging information from hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stained WSIs, along with clinical data using deep image feature extraction and machine learning classifier for predicting IDH1 gene mutation prediction versus wild-type across cohort of 546 patients. We experimented with different deep learning (DL) models including attention-based multiple instance learning (ABMIL) models on imaging data along with gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) for the clinical variables. Further, we used hyperparameter optimization to find the best overall model in terms of classification accuracy. We obtained the highest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.823 for WSIs, 0.782 for clinical data, and 0.852 for ensemble results using MaxViT and LightGBM combination, respectively. Our experimental results indicate that the overall accuracy of the AI models can be improved by using both clinical data and images."
3988,brain tumour,39037954,Venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer: a post hoc analysis of the Cancer-VTE Registry.,"The relationship between lung cancer surgery and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Japan has not been elucidated. This was a post hoc analysis of the Cancer-VTE Registry. The 1057 patients who underwent surgery for lung cancer were divided into the surgery alone (SA) group (n = 598) and the surgery plus chemotherapy (SC) group (n = 459), and the 1-year incidences of VTE and cerebral ischemia were analyzed. In the SA and SC groups, composite VTE was observed in one (0.2%) and 15 (3.3%) patients, respectively, and cerebral ischemia was observed in eight (1.3%) and four (0.9%) patients, respectively. Lymph node metastasis was more common in patients with D-dimer >1.2 μg/ml (odds ratio: 1.781, P = .004). SA had a low risk of VTE but a high risk of cerebral ischemia. Chemotherapy increases the risk of VTE. The D-dimer level was related to VTE and advanced cancer."
3989,brain tumour,39037734,Intraoperative goal-directed fluid management and postoperative brain edema in patients having high-grade gliomas resections: a randomized trial.,"Patients with high-grade gliomas often have severe brain edema. Goal-directed fluid management protects neurological function, but whether reduces postoperative brain edema remains unknown."
3990,brain tumour,39037698,Biomolecular condensates and disease pathogenesis.,"Biomolecular condensates or membraneless organelles (MLOs) formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) divide intracellular spaces into discrete compartments for specific functions. Dysregulation of LLPS or aberrant phase transition that disturbs the formation or material states of MLOs is closely correlated with neurodegeneration, tumorigenesis, and many other pathological processes. Herein, we summarize the recent progress in development of methods to monitor phase separation and we discuss the biogenesis and function of MLOs formed through phase separation. We then present emerging proof-of-concept examples regarding the disruption of phase separation homeostasis in a diverse array of clinical conditions including neurodegenerative disorders, hearing loss, cancers, and immunological diseases. Finally, we describe the emerging discovery of chemical modulators of phase separation."
3991,brain tumour,39037688,Effect of Jardiance on glucose uptake into astrocytomas.,"SGLT2, the sodium glucose cotransporter two, is expressed in human pancreatic, prostate and brain tumors, and in a mouse cancer model SGLT2 inhibitors reduce tumor glucose uptake and growth. In this study we have measured the effect of a specific SGLT2 inhibitor, Jardiance® (Empagliflozin), on glucose uptake into astrocytomas in patients."
3992,brain tumour,39037687,Effects of PreOperative radiotherapy in a preclinical glioblastoma model: a paradigm-shift approach.,"PreOperative radiotherapy (RT) is commonly used in the treatment of brain metastasis and different cancer types but has never been used in primary glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we aim to establish, describe, and validate the use of PreOperative RT for the treatment of GBM in a preclinical model."
3993,brain tumour,39037653,Intracardiac Injection Mouse Model to Study Cancer Cell Dormancy in Brain Metastasis.,"Brain metastasis is a highly complex process, and some cancer cells enter a dormant state after extravasation into the brain. The molecular mechanism of dormancy remains largely unknown and is still under intense investigation. Here, we outline a basic approach to generating and analyzing experimental mouse models to study dormant cancer cells in the brain. Cancer cells stably expressing EGFP and firefly luciferase are injected into the left ventricle of athymic nude mice. After confirmation of brain metastasis by bioluminescence imaging, brain slices are prepared and subjected to Ki67 staining. In addition, a methodology for recovering brain metastatic cancer cells from the mouse brain is described, providing technical tips for unraveling the mysteries of cancer cell dormancy in brain metastasis."
3994,brain tumour,39037617,Treatment Options for Brain Metastases.,"Therapies for brain metastasis continue to evolve as the life expectancies for patients have continued to prolong. Novel advances include the use of improved technology for radiation delivery, surgical guidance, and response assessment, along with systemic therapies that can pass through the blood brain barrier. With increasing complexity of treatments and the increased need for salvage treatments, multi-disciplinary management has become significantly more important."
3995,brain tumour,39037184,FREE: Enhanced Feature Representation for Isotopic Envelope Evaluation in Top-Down Mass Spectra Deconvolution.,The aim of deconvolution of top-down mass spectra is to recognize monoisotopic peaks from the experimental envelopes in raw mass spectra. So accurate assessment of similarity between theoretical and experimental envelopes is a critical step in mass spectra data deconvolution. Existing evaluation methods primarily rely on intensity differences and 
3996,brain tumour,39036463,,We present the case of a 70-year-old male patient who underwent a gallium-68 (
3997,brain tumour,39036439,Diffuse glioma molecular profiling with arterial spin labeling and dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MRI: A comparative study.,Evaluation of molecular markers (
3998,brain tumour,39036437,Molecular genetics and diversity of choroid plexus tumors.,Choroid plexus tumors are rare intraventricular brain tumors predominantly arising in children but also affecting adults. Chromosome-wide copy-number alterations and 
3999,brain tumour,39036436,"Neoadjuvant combination treatment with checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapy, and BRAF/MEK inhibitors for BRAF",Radiation's confounding and adverse effects on tumor microenvironment and normal brain could potentially be delayed by upfront combination treatment. We present a patient with newly diagnosed 
4000,brain tumour,39036291,The impact of high-altitude and cold environment on brain and heart damage in rats with hemorrhagic shock.,"Hemorrhagic shock (HS) causes severe organ damage, worsened by high-altitude conditions with lower oxygen and temperatures. Existing research lacks specific insights on brain and heart damage under these conditions. This study hypothesizes that high-altitude and cold (HAC) environments exacerbate HS-induced damage in the brain and heart, aiming to improve treatment strategies."
4001,brain tumour,39036259,Appropriateness of Dose Attenuation Margin Outside the Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) in Volumetric-Modulated Arc-Based Radiosurgery for Brain Metastasis With the Steepest Dose Gradient Outside the GTV and Biologically Effective Dose 80 Gy to GTV Boundary.,"Introduction In stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastasis (BM), volumetric-modulated arcs (VMA) can provide a suitable dose distribution and efficient delivery, even with a widely available 5-mm leaf-width multileaf collimator (MLC). The planning optimization with affirmatively accepting internal high doses of a gross tumor volume (GTV) enhances the steepness of the dose gradient outside the GTV. However, an excessively steep dose falloff outside a GTV is susceptible to insufficient coverage of inherent irradiation uncertainties with the dose attenuation margin. This study was conducted to examine the appropriateness of dose attenuation margin outside a GTV in 5-mm MLC VMA-based SRS with a steep dose gradient and dose prescription with a biologically effective dose (BED) 80 Gy in various fractions to the GTV margin. Materials and methods This was a planning study for the clinical scenario of a single BM and targeted 28 GTVs, including nine sphere-shaped models with diameters of 5-45 mm and 19 clinical BMs (GTV 0.08-44.33 cc). SRS plans were generated for each GTV using 5-mm MLC VMA with an optimization that prioritized the steepness of dose falloff outside the GTV boundary without any internal dose constraints. A prescribed dose with the BED 80 Gy in 1-10 fraction(s) was assigned to the GTV "
4002,brain tumour,39035202,Enhanced treatment of breast cancer brain metastases with oncolytic virus expressing anti-CD47 antibody and temozolomide.,"Limited therapeutic options are available for patients with breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM), and thus there is an urgent need for novel treatment approaches. We previously engineered an effective oncolytic herpes simplex virus 1 (oHSV) expressing a full-length anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody (mAb) with a human IgG1 scaffold (OV-αCD47-G1) that was used to treat both ovarian cancer and glioblastoma. Here, we demonstrate that the combination of OV-αCD47-G1 and temozolomide (TMZ) improve outcomes in preclinical models of BCBM. The combination of TMZ with OV-αCD47-G1 synergistically increased macrophage phagocytosis against breast tumor cells and led to greater activation of NK cell cytotoxicity. In addition, the combination of OV-αCD47-G1 with TMZ significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice when compared with TMZ or OV-αCD47-G1 alone. Combination treatment with the mouse counterpart of OV-αCD47-G1, termed OV-A4-IgG2b, also enhanced mouse macrophage phagocytosis, NK cell cytotoxicity, and survival in an immunocompetent model of mice bearing BCBM compared with TMZ or OV-A4-IgG2b alone. Collectively, these results suggest that OV-αCD47-G1 combined with TMZ should be explored in patients with BCBM."
4003,brain tumour,39035200,Understanding the role of endothelial cells in brain tumor formation and metastasis: a proposition to be explored for better therapy.,"Glioblastoma is one of the most devastating central nervous system disorders. Being a highly vascular brain tumor, it is distinguished by aberrant vessel architecture. This lends credence to the idea that endothelial cells (ECs) linked with glioblastoma vary fundamentally from ECs seen in the healthy human brain. To effectively design an antiangiogenic treatment, it is crucial to identify the functional and phenotypic characteristics of tumor-associated ECs. The ECs associated with glioblastoma are less prone to apoptosis than control cells and are resistant to cytotoxic treatments. Additionally, ECs associated with glioblastoma migrate more quickly than control ECs and naturally produce large amounts of growth factors such as endothelin-1, interleukin-8, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). For designing innovative antiangiogenic drugs that particularly target tumor-related ECs in gliomas, it is critical to comprehend these distinctive features of ECs associated with gliomas. This review discusses the process of angiogenesis, other factors involved in the genesis of tumors, and the possibility of ECs as a potential target in combating glioblastoma. It also sheds light on the association of tumor microenvironment and ECs with immunotherapy. This review, thus gives us the hope that neuro endothelial targeting with growth factors and angiogenesis regulators combined with gene therapy would open up new doorways and change our traditional perspective of treating cancer."
4004,brain tumour,39035196,Feasibility and long-term outcomes of post-chemotherapy-based consolidation radiotherapy in extensive stage small-cell lung cancer.,The target definition of consolidation radiotherapy (RT) for extensive stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) has not been standardized. This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of post-chemotherapy based consolidation RT in ES-SCLC.
4005,brain tumour,39035166,Secretomic changes of amyloid beta peptides on Alzheimer's disease related proteins in differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes physical damage to neuronal connections, leading to brain atrophy. This disruption of synaptic connections results in mild to severe cognitive impairments. Unfortunately, no effective treatment is currently known to prevent or reverse the symptoms of AD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three synthetic peptides, i.e., KLVFF, RGKLVFFGR and RIIGL, on an AD "
4006,brain tumour,39035048,Analysis of high‑risk factors for brain metastasis and prognosis after prophylactic cranial irradiation in limited‑stage small cell lung cancer.,"Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy with a high propensity for brain metastases (BM). Limited-stage SCLC (LS-SCLC) can be effectively treated with chemoradiotherapy and prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) to enhance patient outcomes. The aim of the present study was to assess the risk factors and prognostic significance of brain metastases (BM) in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) who attained complete remission (CR) or partial remission (PR) following combined chemoradiotherapy and subsequent prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). Data for 290 patients diagnosed with LS-SCLC and treated at Chengde Central Hospital and Hebei Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Chengde, China), who achieved CR or PR and underwent PCI between 2015 and 2023, were retrospectively analyzed. BM rates and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, whilst differences were assessed using the log-rank test. Risk factors affecting BM and OS were assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The overall incidence of BM after PCI was 16.6% (48/290), with annual rates of 1.4, 6.6 and 12.8% at 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified an initial tumor size of >5 cm [hazard ratio (HR)=15.031; 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.610-40.270; P<0.001] as a significant independent risk factor for BM following PCI. The median OS was 28.8 months and the 5-year OS rate was 27.9%. The median OS for patients with and without BM at 27.55 and 32.5 months, respectively, and the corresponding 5-year OS rates were 8.3 and 31.8%, respectively (P=0.001). Median OS rates for stages I, II and III were 61.15, 48.5 and 28.4 months, respectively, with 5-year OS rates of 62.5, 47.1 and 21.6%, respectively (P<0.001). Further multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that BM (HR=1.934; 95% CI: 1.358-2.764; P<0.001) and clinical stage (HR=1.741; 95% CI: 1.102-2.750; P=0.018; P=0.022) were significant independent risk factors associated with patient OS. In conclusion, a tumor size of >5 cm is a significant risk factor for BM following PCI in patients with LS-SCLS achieving CR or PR through radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Furthermore, BM and clinical staging independently influence OS."
4007,brain tumour,39034544,What Changed in CNS5? A Mini-Review on General Changes and Adult Diffuse Gliomas.,The fifth edition of the WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system (WHO CNS5) was published in 2021 which is the sixth version of the international standard for the diagnostics of CNS tumors. Regular updates of the consortium to inform molecular and practical approaches to CNS tumor taxonomy (cIMPACT-NOW) shaped the WHO CNS5 which continues the trend of incorporating the molecular characteristics of tumors into the histological and immunohistochemical findings. The various updates can be classified into general changes across all tumors and specific changes within the tumor groups. This mini-review highlights the general changes and the major changes in adult diffuse gliomas.
4008,brain tumour,39034519,[Benefits and Pitfalls of Re-Operation for Recurrent Meningioma].,"Malignant forms of meningioma, such as atypical and anaplastic meningiomas, commonly relapse. Recently, there have been many reports elucidating the molecular biological mechanisms underlying meningioma recurrence. Tumors with loss of CDKN(cyclin dependent kinase)2A and 2B or lack of the tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 protein have a particularly high recurrence rate. In general, primary treatment for recurrent meningiomas comprises stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS)or stereotactic radiotherapy(SRT). However, re-operation is recommended for SRS-, SRT-refractory tumors. One of the benefits of reoperation is that it allows tumor control while decompressing the normal tissue, and changing the tumor microenvironment. Another is that it facilitates the acquisition of pathological and molecular genetic information, which can enable clinicians to recommend precision medicine. However, during reoperation, it is often difficult to detach the tumor from the surrounding brain tissue and cranial nerves because of severe adhesion. In cases of malignant meningiomas with multiple relapses, it is important to share the purpose and goal of the surgery with the patients and their families. In other words, which is being prioritized more, a high resection rate or functional outcomes? Furthermore, salvage surgery should also be a consideration."
4009,brain tumour,39034516,[Defining the Role of Radiotherapy in Meningioma Treatment].,"The debate regarding the role and clinical impact of radiotherapy for meningiomas remains underdeveloped due to insufficient evidence. However, following recent revisions in the WHO classification and the integration of molecular diagnostics, there has been a substantial shift in the stratification of recurrence risks. Nevertheless, the specific circumstances under which radiotherapy proves crucial remain unclear. As risk stratification becomes more refined, the effectiveness of radiotherapy in treating high-risk meningiomas continues to be a contentious issue. Concurrently, there is vigorous discussion regarding the management of 'brain invasion in otherwise benign'(BIOB)meningiomas. The incorporation of PET imaging alongside MRI for defining radiation targets is increasingly acknowledged as advantageous. Boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT), which specifically targets the biological characteristics of tumor cells in invasive regions, is also gaining significant traction as a promising therapeutic approach for meningiomas with infiltrative components."
4010,brain tumour,39034514,[Meningiomas in the Central Skull Base:From the Perspective of Endoscopic Transnasal Surgery].,"Recent advancements in endoscopic transnasal surgery(ETS)have expanded the application of this technique to meningiomas in the central skull base area, offering a less invasive alternative with a potentially lower physical burden on patients than conventional microscopic skull base surgery. Notably, while ETS allows surgeons to reach tumors without traversing the brain and nerves, thus theoretically reducing the risk of cranial nerve damage, it requires a high level of proficiency to avoid inadequate resection and tumor recurrence. In this article, we discuss the various surgical considerations, including preoperative imaging, surgical setting, nasal cavity expansion, skull base opening, tumor removal, and skull base reconstruction, as general procedures for specific meningiomas. We further describe the concept and details of our multi-layer fascial closure technique for dural repair in ETS, underlining the importance of skilled dural reconstruction in preventing postoperative complications. In conclusion, while ETS for skull base meningiomas presents a promising and less invasive treatment option, its success relies heavily on the surgeon's experience and understanding of the skull base anatomy, stressing the need for careful approach selection."
4011,brain tumour,39034513,[Surgical Approaches for Cerebellopontine Angle/Petroclival Meningiomas].,"Considering that most meningiomas are pathologically benign, tumors located in the cerebellopontine angle and petroclival area should be reduced as much as possible, and radiation therapy should be administered if necessary. Consequently, relatively good preservation of cranial nerve function and local lesion control can be expected. However, because the lesions are generally located deep, and are surrounded by various important structures, performing surgical procedures is difficult, and careful management of the surgical strategy is important to avoid complications. Surgical outcomes have dramatically improved with the development of skull base and microsurgical techniques. The main surgical approaches for cerebellopontine angle meningiomas and petroclival meningiomas currently include the anterior and posterior combined transpetrosal, anterior transpetrosal, and lateral suboccipital approaches. Furthermore, with the recent developments in endoscopic surgery, minimally invasive surgery for skull base meningiomas has gradually been introduced. In this article, we explain the preoperative checkpoints, selection of the surgical approach, and surgical techniques for the resection of cerebellopontine angle meningiomas and petroclival meningiomas."
4012,brain tumour,39034511,"[Convexity Meningioma, Parasagittal Meningioma, Falx Meningioma].","During surgery for meningioma, basic surgical techniques and strategies required for the removal of the tumor are common, particularly for tumors located superficially, such as convexity, parasagittal, and falx meningiomas. Four basic surgical techniques, including detachment; devascularization; debulking; and dissection should be combined and repeated in appropriate sequence, tailored to the specific conditions of each tumor. This eventually enables the total circumferential dissection of the tumor from the surrounding tissues. It is essential to retract the tumor towards the space created at the tumor center through internal debulking, rather than retracting the normal brain, to avoid damage to the surrounding brain tissue. During surgery for parasagittal meningioma with venous sinus occlusion, it is crucial to preserve the cortical veins that have developed as collateral pathways to prevent venous complications. During surgery for falx meningioma, the selection of a surgical approach including a contralateral approach based on factors such as the development of bridging veins and significant peritumoral brain edema is required. In this article, detailed surgical procedures for convexity meningioma, parasagittal meningioma, and falx meningioma were described focusing on the application of fundamental surgical techniques tailored to each tumor type."
4013,brain tumour,39034509,[Imaging Features and Differential Diagnosis of Meningiomas and Their Mimics].,"Meningiomas are the most common brain tumors, often in the form of extra-axial masses adhering to the dura mater. Although there are typical imaging findings, meningiomas have a wide variety of imaging findings, owing to their different histological subtypes. Thus, it can be difficult to differentiate meningiomas from other diseases that present with similar imaging findings. This section outlines mimickers for monitoring meningiomas that present with imaging findings similar to those of meningiomas. Diseases that form masses and require differentiation from meningiomas include schwannomas, solitary fibrous tumors, dural metastases, and histiocytosis. Diseases that primarily present as dural thickening and require differentiation from meningiomas include hypertrophic duralitis, fungal infections, and IG4-related diseases. Notably, in addition to the various pathologies that can mimic meningiomas, such as those listed above, there are also cases in which the diagnosis of meningioma is difficult because of additional modifications, such as metastasis or meningioma infarction."
4014,brain tumour,39034506,[Pathological Diagnosis and Genetic Alterations of Meningioma].,"Meningiomas, renowned for their histological diversity, are one of the most prevalent brain tumors. Some meningiomas show unusual histomorphology, especially in intraoperative rapid diagnosis. Therefore, clinical and radiological information is crucial for pathological diagnosis. Before the 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System(5th edition), pathological diagnosis relied solely on histopathological features. However, this classification introduced new diagnostic criteria for anaplastic meningiomas, which now include "
4015,brain tumour,39033888,A novel nanoplatform-based circCSNK1G3 affects CBX7 protein and promotes glioma cell growth.,"Bioenvironmental and biological factors have the potential to contribute to the development of glioma, a type of brain tumor. Recent studies have suggested that a unique circular RNA called circCSNK1G3 could play a role in promoting the growth of glioma cells. It does this by stabilizing a specific microRNA called miR-181 and reducing the expression of a tumor-suppressor gene known as chromobox protein homolog 7 (CBX7). To further investigate circCSNK1G3 and its effects on glioma, we utilized a nanoplatform called adeno-associated virus (AAV)-RNAi.To explore the functional implications of circCSNK1G3, we employed siRNA to silence its expression. Along with these effects, the silencing of circCSNK1G3 led to a depletion of miR-181d and an upregulation of CBX7. When we introduced miR-181d mimics, which artificially increase the levels of miR-181d, the anti-glioma cell activity induced by circCSNK1G3 siRNA was almost completely reversed. Conversely, inhibiting miR-181d mimicked the effects of circCSNK1G3 silencing. Moreover, when we overexpressed circCSNK1G3 in glioma cells, we observed an elevation of miR-181d and a depletion of CBX7. We found that the growth of A172 xenografts (tumors) carrying circCSNK1G3 shRNA was significantly inhibited. In these xenograft tissues, we detected a depletion of circCSNK1G3 and miR-181d, as well as an upregulation of CBX7."
4016,brain tumour,39033886,A multi-task generative model for simultaneous post-contrast MR image synthesis and brainstem glioma segmentation.,"This study aims to generate post-contrast MR images reducing the exposure of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) for brainstem glioma (BSG) detection, simultaneously delineating the BSG lesion, and providing high-resolution contrast information."
4017,brain tumour,39033880,Porphyromonas gingivalis virulence factors induce toxic effects in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: GRK5 modulation as a protective strategy.,"Periodontitis (PDS) is a chronic inflammatory disease initiated by a dysbiosis of oral pathogenic bacterial species, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). These bacteria can penetrate the bloodstream, releasing various endo and exotoxins that fuel the infection, and stimulate toxic inflammation in different compartments, including the brain. However, the specific mechanisms by which PDS/Pg contribute to brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), remain unclear. This study assessed the effects of Pg's virulence factors - lipopolysaccharide (LPS-Pg) and gingipains (gps) K (Kgp) and Rgp - on SH-SY5Y cells. Our results demonstrated that LPS-Pg activated signaling through the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2/4 induced a significant downregulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5). Additionally, LPS-Pg stimulation resulted in a robust increase in Tau phosphorylation (pTau) and p53 levels, while causing a marked reduction in Bcl2 and increased cell death compared to unstimulated cells (Ns). LPS-Pg also elevated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, leading to oxidative damage. In cells overexpressing GRK5 via Adenovirus, LPS-Pg failed to increase iNOS and pTau levels compared to GFP control cells. High GRK5 levels also prevented the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB). Furthermore, the overexpression of a GRK5 mutant form lacking the nuclear localization signal (ΔNLS) nearly abolished LPS-Pg induced p53 and iNOS upregulation. Finally, we tested whether Kgp and Rgp mediated similar effects and our data showed that both gps caused a marked downregulation of GRK5 leading to increased p53 and pTau levels. In conclusion, this study provides further insight into the toxic effects elicited by Pg in cells and suggests that preventing GRK5 deficiency may be a valid strategy to mitigate Pg-induced toxic effects (i.e. cell death, oxidative damage, and Tau hyperphosphorylation) in SH-SY5Y cells, which are typical molecular hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders."
4018,brain tumour,39033204,Angiogenesis related genes based prognostic model of glioma patients developed by multi-omics approach.,"Glioma, particularly glioblastoma (GBM), is a highly malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis despite current therapeutic approaches. The tumor microenvironment (TME), plays a crucial role in glioma progression by promoting invasion and drug resistance. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a tightly regulated process involving endothelial cell activation, proliferation, and migration. In cancer, angiogenesis becomes dysregulated, leading to excessive blood vessel formation."
4019,brain tumour,39032682,Bisphenol S (BPS) induces glioblastoma progression via regulation of EZH2-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in U87-MG cells.,"Bisphenol S (BPS), an alternative to bisphenol A (BPA), exerts proliferative effects similar to those of BPA. BPS is a representative endocrine disruptor associated with cancer progression. However, the mechanisms underlying BPS-induced glioblastoma progression are not fully understood. To investigate the effects of BPS on glioblastoma, U-87 MG cancer cell lines were exposed to BPS. The study focused on analyzing the proliferation and migration of U-87 MG cells. Furthermore, the involvement of the enhancer of the zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)-mediated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was examined. Pharmacological approaches were employed to inhibit EZH2 activity and observe its effects on BPS-induced changes. The results indicated that BPS promoted the proliferation and migration of U-87 MG cells at a concentration of 0.1 µM. These changes appeared to be linked to the activation of the EZH2-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Moreover, inhibiting EZH2 activity using pharmacological approaches restored the BPS-mediated induction of proliferation and migration. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that BPS induces glioblastoma progression through EZH2 upregulation. Therefore, targeting the EZH2-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway could be considered a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma."
4020,brain tumour,39032641,Microsurgical Management of Pineal Region Tumors.,"Pineal tumors are rare, and the pineal region is a challenging surgical location for neurosurgeons. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of microsurgical management in patients with pineal region tumors and explore probable factors associated with preoperative hydrocephalus, postoperative hydrocephalus remission, and prolonged hospital length of stay (LoS)."
4021,brain tumour,39032639,Information Management for the Neurosurgical Care of Brain Tumors: A Scoping Review of Literature from Low- and Middle-Income Countries.,"Health care in developing countries often lacks adequate bookkeeping and national cancer registries, means of information that have proven to impact disease research and care. The true burden of brain tumors therefore remains unchecked and so does the extent of the problem. Therefore, this study aims to explore the challenges and potential strategies related to information management of brain tumors in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)."
4022,brain tumour,39032637,Postoperative Hyponatremia After Endoscopic Endonasal Resection of Pituitary Adenomas: Historical Complication Rates and Risk Factors.,"Hyponatremia is a common complication following endoscopic endonasal resection (EER) of pituitary adenomas. We report a single-center, multisurgeon study detailing baseline clinical data, outcomes, and factors associated with postoperative hyponatremia."
4023,brain tumour,39032635,Effectiveness of a Sellar Reconstruction Algorithm in Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery: Insights from 490 Cases.,Rhinorrhea is a common complication after endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary surgery (EETPS). This study evaluates the effectiveness of our sellar reconstruction technique in preventing rhinorrhea.
4024,brain tumour,39032634,Patients at Greatest Risk of Missing Initial 1-Year Follow-Up After Pituitary Adenoma Resection.,"Routine evaluation and surveillance imaging after pituitary adenoma (PA) endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal resection (EETS) is a neurosurgical practice to identify tumor recurrence. This study aims to identify social and clinical factors that may contribute to patients missing their initial 1-year follow-up appointment and provide guidance for targeted education to improve patient adherence with postoperative treatment plans, ultimately reducing unknown adenoma recurrence."
4025,brain tumour,39032472,Anti-tumor effects of telmisartan in glioma-astrocyte non-contact co-cultures: A critical role of astrocytic IL-6-mediated paracrine growth promotion.,"Telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker, exhibits broad anti-tumor activity. However, in vitro, anti-proliferative effects are shown at doses far beyond the therapeutic plasma concentration. Considering the role of tumor microenvironment in glioma progression, glioma-astrocyte co-cultures were employed to test the anti-tumor potential of low-dose telmisartan. When a high dose was required for a direct anti-proliferative effect on glioma cell lines, a low dose significantly inhibited glioma cell proliferation and migration in the co-culture system. Under co-culture conditions, upregulated IL-6 expression in astrocytes played a critical role in glioma progression. Silencing IL-6 in astrocytes or IL-6R in glioma cells reduced proliferation and migration. Telmisartan (5 μM) inhibited astrocytic IL-6 expression, and its anti-tumor effects were reversed by silencing IL-6 or IL-6R and inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity in glioma cells. Moreover, the telmisartan-driven IL-6 downregulation was not imitated by losartan, an AT1R blocker with little capacity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) activation, but was eliminated by a PPARγ antagonist, indicating that the anti-glioma effects of telmisartan rely on its PPARγ agonistic activity rather than AT1R blockade. This study highlights the importance of astrocytic IL-6-mediated paracrine signaling in glioma growth and the potential of telmisartan as an adjuvant therapy for patients with glioma, especially those with hypertension."
4026,brain tumour,39032420,Brain-targeting biomimetic disguised manganese dioxide nanoparticles via hybridization of tumor cell membrane and bacteria vesicles for synergistic chemotherapy/chemodynamic therapy of glioma.,"Glioma is a prevalent brain malignancy associated with poor prognosis. Although chemotherapy serves as the primary treatment for brain tumors, its effectiveness is hindered by the limited ability of drugs to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the development of drug resistance linked to tumor hypoxia. Herein, we report the creation of hybrid camouflaged multifunctional nanovesicles comprising membranes of tumor C6 cells (mT) and bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and co-loaded with manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO"
4027,brain tumour,39032244,A systematic literature analysis of multi-organ cancer diagnosis using deep learning techniques.,"Cancer is becoming the most toxic ailment identified among individuals worldwide. The mortality rate has been increasing rapidly every year, which causes progression in the various diagnostic technologies to handle this illness. The manual procedure for segmentation and classification with a large set of data modalities can be a challenging task. Therefore, a crucial requirement is to significantly develop the computer-assisted diagnostic system intended for the initial cancer identification. This article offers a systematic review of Deep Learning approaches using various image modalities to detect multi-organ cancers from 2012 to 2023. It emphasizes the detection of five supreme predominant tumors, i.e., breast, brain, lung, skin, and liver. Extensive review has been carried out by collecting research and conference articles and book chapters from reputed international databases, i.e., Springer Link, IEEE Xplore, Science Direct, PubMed, and Wiley that fulfill the criteria for quality evaluation. This systematic review summarizes the overview of convolutional neural network model architectures and datasets used for identifying and classifying the diverse categories of cancer. This study accomplishes an inclusive idea of ensemble deep learning models that have achieved better evaluation results for classifying the different images into cancer or healthy cases. This paper will provide a broad understanding to the research scientists within the domain of medical imaging procedures of which deep learning technique perform best over which type of dataset, extraction of features, different confrontations, and their anticipated solutions for the complex problems. Lastly, some challenges and issues which control the health emergency have been discussed."
4028,brain tumour,39032243,Image-guided patient-specific optimization of catheter placement for convection-enhanced nanoparticle delivery in recurrent glioblastoma.,Proper catheter placement for convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is required to maximize tumor coverage and minimize exposure to healthy tissue. We developed an image-based model to patient-specifically optimize the catheter placement for rhenium-186 (
4029,brain tumour,39031633,Technical Notes: Robustness of three-dimensional treatment and imaging isocenter testing using a new gel dosimeter and kilovoltage CBCT.,"Coincidence of the treatment and imaging isocenter coordinates is required to safely perform small-margin treatments, such as stereotactic radiosurgery of multiple brain metastases. A comprehensive and direct methodology for verifying concordance of kilovoltage cone-beam computed tomography (kV-CBCT) and treatment coordinates using an x-ray CT-based polymer gel dosimeter (dGEL) and onboard kV-CBCT was previously reported. Using this methodology, we tested the ability of a new commercially available x-ray CT-based polymer dGEL with a rapid response to provide efficient quality assurance (QA)."
4030,brain tumour,39031408,CNN-based glioma detection in MRI: A deep learning approach.,"More than a million people are affected by brain tumors each year; high-grade gliomas (HGGs) and low-grade gliomas (LGGs) present serious diagnostic and treatment hurdles, resulting in shortened life expectancies. Glioma segmentation is still a significant difficulty in clinical settings, despite improvements in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and diagnostic tools. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have seen recent advancements that offer promise for increasing segmentation accuracy, addressing the pressing need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches."
4031,brain tumour,39031395,Analysis of glutathione Stransferase mu class 5 gene methylation as a prognostic indicator in low-grade gliomas.,"Low-grade gliomas (LGG) are a variety of brain tumors that show different clinical outcomes. The methylation of the GSTM5 gene has been noted in the development of LGG, however, its prognostic importance remains uncertain."
4032,brain tumour,39031223,Report of the sixth meeting of the European Consortium 'Care for CMMRD' (C,"Biallelic germline pathogenic variants in one of the four mismatch repair genes (MSH2, MSH6, MLH1 and PMS2) cause a very rare, highly penetrant, childhood-onset cancer syndrome, called constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD). The European consortium ""Care for CMMRD"" (C4CMMRD) was founded in Paris in 2013 to facilitate international collaboration and improve our knowledge of this rare cancer predisposition syndrome. Following initial publications on diagnostic criteria and surveillance guidelines for CMMRD, several partners collaborating within the C4CMMRD consortium have worked on and published numerous CMMRD-related clinical and biological projects. Since its formation, the C4CMMRD consortium held meetings every 1-2 years (except in 2020 and 2021 due to the Covid 19 pandemic). The sixth C4CMMRD meeting was held in Paris in November 2022, and brought together 42 participants from nine countries involved in various fields of CMMRD healthcare. The aim was to update members on the latest results and developments from ongoing research, and to discuss and initiate new study proposals. As previously done for the fifth meeting of the C4CMMRD group, this report summarizes data presented at this meeting."
4033,brain tumour,39030998,"A case of glioneuronal tumour with ATRX alteration, kinase fusion and anaplastic features showing rapid ependymal and leptomeningeal dissemination.",No abstract found
4034,brain tumour,39030984,CSF biomarkers of neurotoxicity in childhood cancer survivors after cranial radiotherapy or surgery.,Treatment of pediatric brain tumors is associated with potential long-term cognitive sequelae. Patients treated with craniospinal irradiation for posterior fossa tumors are at high risk. New biomarkers that could help to differentiate treatment effects from other causes of cognitive dysfunction would be valuable in tailoring optimal survivorship care. Biomarkers that reflect biological mechanisms behind treatment-associated cognitive decline would also be important in the evaluation of future treatment regimens for pediatric brain or skull base tumors.
4035,brain tumour,39030882,Noninvasive prediction of CCL2 expression level in high-grade glioma patients.,"Gliomas are recognized as the most frequent type of malignancies in the central nervous system, and efficacious prognostic indicators are essential to treat patients with gliomas and improve their clinical outcomes. The chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) is a promising predictor for glioma malignancy and progression. However, at present, the methods to evaluate CCL2 expression level are invasive and operator-dependent."
4036,brain tumour,39030879,Acquired Temozolomide Resistance Instructs Patterns of Glioblastoma Behavior in Gelatin Hydrogels.,"Acquired drug resistance in glioblastoma (GBM) presents a major clinical challenge and is a key factor contributing to abysmal prognosis, with less than 15 months median overall survival. Aggressive chemotherapy with the frontline therapeutic, temozolomide (TMZ), ultimately fails to kill residual highly invasive tumor cells after surgical resection and radiotherapy. Here, a 3D engineered model of acquired TMZ resistance is reported using two isogenically matched sets of GBM cell lines encapsulated in gelatin methacrylol hydrogels. Response of TMZ-resistant versus TMZ-sensitive GBM cell lines within the gelatin-based extracellular matrix platform is benchmarked and drug response at physiologically relevant TMZ concentrations is further validated. The changes in drug sensitivity, cell invasion, and matrix-remodeling cytokine production are shown as the result of acquired TMZ resistance. This platform lays the foundation for future investigations targeting key elements of the GBM tumor microenvironment to combat GBM's devastating impact by advancing the understanding of GBM progression and treatment response to guide the development of novel treatment strategies."
4037,brain tumour,39030822,An Endothelial Cell Is Not Simply an Endothelial Cell.,"Endothelial cells (ECs) are a multifaceted component of the vascular system with roles in immunity, maintaining tissue fluid balance, and vascular tone. Dysregulation or dysfunction of ECs can have far-reaching implications, leading pathologies ranging from cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, ischemia, chronic kidney disease, blood-brain barrier integrity, dementia, and tumor metastasis. Recent advancements in regenerative medicine have highlighted the potential of stem cell-derived ECs, particularly from induced pluripotent stem cells, to treat ischemic tissues, as well as models of vascular integrity. This review summarizes what is known in the generation of ECs with an emphasis on tissue-specific ECs and EC subphenotypes important in the development of targeted cell-based therapies for patient treatment."
4038,brain tumour,39030811,Real-world evidence of brigatinib as second-line treatment after crizotinib for ALK+ non-small cell lung cancer using South Korean claims data (K-AREAL).,"There is a lack of real-world data in Asian populations for brigatinib, a next-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study analysed real-world outcomes and dosing patterns for brigatinib in patients with crizotinib-refractory ALK+ NSCLC in South Korea."
4039,brain tumour,39030639,Evaluation of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging features and diagnostic effectiveness of grades II and III intracranial solitary fibroma.,To explore the value of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characterization of intracranial solitary fibrous tumors (ISFT) and to evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative MRI features in predicting pathological grading.
4040,brain tumour,39030575,Radiotherapy for subependymal giant cell astrocytoma: time to challenge a historical ban? A case report and review of the literature.,"Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma is a benign brain tumor that occurs in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. Surgical removal is the traditional treatment, and expert opinion is strongly against the use of radiotherapy. Recently, success has been reported with the mTor inhibitor everolimus in reducing tumor volume, but regrowth has been observed after dose reduction or cessation."
4041,brain tumour,39030537,Evaluation of Radiotherapy Efficacy and Prognostic Analysis for Solid and Cystic Brain Metastases.,"Brain metastases (BMs) are commonly categorized into cystic and solid. However, the difference in the prognosis of patients with either cystic or solid BMs following radiotherapy remains poorly understood. We used a retrospective design to elucidate the disparities in survival between these two patient groups undergoing radiotherapy and to identify factors influencing the overall survival (OS) of patients with BMs."
4042,brain tumour,39030508,Computer-aided diagnosis system for grading brain tumor using histopathology images based on color and texture features.,"Cancer pathology shows disease development and associated molecular features. It provides extensive phenotypic information that is cancer-predictive and has potential implications for planning treatment. Based on the exceptional performance of computational approaches in the field of digital pathogenic, the use of rich phenotypic information in digital pathology images has enabled us to identify low-level gliomas (LGG) from high-grade gliomas (HGG). Because the differences between the textures are so slight, utilizing just one feature or a small number of features produces poor categorization results."
4043,brain tumour,39030374,"Soft tissue tumor imaging in adults: whole-body staging in sarcoma, non-malignant entities requiring special algorithms, pitfalls and special imaging aspects. Guidelines 2024 from the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR).","The revised European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) consensus guidelines on soft tissue tumor imaging represent an update of 2015 after technical advancements, further insights into specific entities, and revised World Health Organization (2020) and AJCC (2017) classifications. This second of three papers covers algorithms once histology is confirmed: (1) standardized whole-body staging, (2) special algorithms for non-malignant entities, and (3) multiplicity, genetic tumor syndromes, and pitfalls."
4044,brain tumour,39030304,"Mutations in glioblastoma proteins do not disrupt epitope presentation and recognition, maintaining a specific CD8 T cell immune response potential.","Antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8 T cells are extremely effective in controlling tumor growth and have been the focus of immunotherapy approaches. We leverage in silico tools to investigate whether the occurrence of mutations in proteins previously described as immunogenic and highly expressed by glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), such as Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), Phosphatase and Tensin homolog (PTEN) and Tumor Protein 53 (TP53), may be contributing to the differential presentation of immunogenic epitopes. We recovered Class I MHC binding information from wild-type and mutated proteins using the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB). After that, we built peptide-MHC (pMHC-I) models in HLA-arena, followed by hierarchical clustering analysis based on electrostatic surface features from each complex. We identified point mutations that are determinants for the presentation of a set of peptides from TP53 protein. We point to structural features in the pMHC-I complexes of wild-type and mutated peptides, which may play a role in the recognition of CD8 T cells. To further explore these features, we performed 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations for the peptide pairs (wt/mut) selected. In pursuit of novel therapeutic targets for GBM treatment, we selected peptides where our predictive results indicated that mutations would not disrupt epitope presentation, thereby maintaining a specific CD8 T cell immune response. These peptides hold potential for future GBM interventions, including peptide-based or mRNA vaccine development applications."
4045,brain tumour,39030196,Tumor detection by analysis of both symmetric- and hemi-methylation of plasma cell-free DNA.,"Aberrant DNA methylation patterns have been used for cancer detection. However, DNA hemi-methylation, present at about 10% CpG dinucleotides, has been less well studied. Here we show that a majority of differentially hemi-methylated regions (DHMRs) in liver tumor DNA or plasma cells free (cf) DNA do not overlap with differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of the same samples, indicating that DHMRs could serve as independent biomarkers. Furthermore, we analyzed the cfDNA methylomes of 215 samples from individuals with liver or brain cancer and individuals without cancer (controls), and trained machine learning models using DMRs, DHMRs or both. The models incorporated with both DMRs and DHMRs show a superior performance compared to models trained with DMRs or DHMRs, with AUROC being 0.978, 0.990, and 0.983 in distinguishing control, liver and brain cancer, respectively, in a validation cohort. This study supports the potential of utilizing both DMRs and DHMRs for multi-cancer detection."
4046,brain tumour,39030085,A Randomised Phase II Trial of Hippocampal Sparing Versus Conventional Whole Brain Radiotherapy After Surgical Resection or Radiosurgery in Favourable Prognosis Patients With 1-10 Brain Metastases.,"To assess in patients with 1-10 brain metastases, each of which has been treated by neurosurgery or stereotactic radiosurgery, whether hippocampal sparing whole brain radiotherapy (HS-WBRT) better spares neurocognitive function (NCF) than standard WBRT. Further, to assess whether a phase III randomised trial of HS-WBRT would be feasible in the UK."
4047,brain tumour,39029901,Neopterin mediates sleep deprivation-induced microglial activation resulting in neuronal damage by affecting YY1/HDAC1/TOP1/IL-6 signaling.,"Sleep deprivation (SD) is a common disorder in modern society. Hippocampus is an important region of the brain for learning, memory, and emotions. Dysfunction of hippocampus can lead to severe learning and memory disorder, significantly affecting quality of life. SD is accompanied by hippocampal microglia activation and a surge in inflammatory factors, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. Moreover, the ongoing unknown persists regarding how activated microglia in SD lead to neuronal damage. Topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) plays an essential role in the inflammatory process, including the tumor system and viral infection. In this study, we observed a significant elevation in TOP1 levels in the hippocampus of mice subjected to SD. Therefore, we hypothesize that TOP1 may be implicated in SD-induced microglia activation and neuronal damage."
4048,brain tumour,39029869,Neurological insights into brain-targeted cancer therapy and bioinspired microrobots.,"Cancer, a multifaceted and pernicious disease, continuously challenges medicine, requiring innovative treatments. Brain cancers pose unique and daunting challenges due to the intricacies of the central nervous system and the blood-brain barrier. In this era of precision medicine, the convergence of neurology, oncology, and cutting-edge technology has given birth to a promising avenue - targeted cancer therapy. Furthermore, bioinspired microrobots have emerged as an ingenious approach to drug delivery, enabling precision and control in cancer treatment. This Keynote review explores the intricate web of neurological insights into brain-targeted cancer therapy and the paradigm-shifting world of bioinspired microrobots. It serves as a critical and comprehensive overview of these evolving fields, aiming to underscore their integration and potential for revolutionary cancer treatments."
4049,brain tumour,39029829,Study on the mechanism of macrophages activated by phosphoesterified rehmanniae polysaccharide on human gastric cancer cells.,"Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignant tumors in the world, requiring the development of novel therapeutic agents with reduced toxicity. Rehmannia polysaccharide (RPS) possesses immunomodulatory and anti-tumor properties, yet its efficacy is suboptimal. To enhance its biological activity, we subjected RPS to molecular modifications, resulting in phosphorylated Rehmannia polysaccharides (P-RPS). Using the mixed phosphate method, we synthesized P-RPS and optimized the synthesis conditions through a combination of single-factor and response surface methodologies. In vitro studies on P-RPS's anti-tumor activity showed no direct influence on the viability of GC cells. However, P-RPS induced the transformation of PMA-activated THP-1 cells into the M1 phenotype. We collected conditioned medium (CM) of THP-1 cells to stimulate gastric cancer cells and CM-P-RPS significantly promoted apoptosis of gastric cancer cells and inhibited cell proliferation, and reduced cell migration. Mechanistically, CM-P-RPS inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway through LGR6, leading to the suppression of tumor growth. Furthermore, P-RPS demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth in vivo, suggesting its potential as a promising therapeutic agent for GC treatment."
4050,brain tumour,39029796,Occipital Interhemispheric Retrocallosal Transtentorial Approach to a Tectal Tumor in an 8-Year-Old Girl: Operative Video.,"Tectal plate tumors are a rare subset of midbrain tumors in pediatric populations. They are slow growing and low grade, with indolent and subtle manifestation unless they cause hydrocephalus."
4051,brain tumour,39029602,Improvement of image quality for bright-blood image in VISIBLE (volume isotropic simultaneous interleaved bright- and black-blood examination) by using k-space reordering and startup echoes.,A volume isotropic simultaneous interleaved bright- and black-blood examination (VISIBLE) can simultaneously acquire images with suppressed vascular signals (black-blood images) and images without suppression (bright-blood images). We aimed to improve of the bright-blood images by adjusting the k-space filling and using startup echo.
4052,brain tumour,39029591,Non-complete recovery of temporal lobe white matter diffusion metrics at one year Post-Radiotherapy: Implications for Radiation-Induced necrosis risk.,"Temporal lobe (TL) white matter (WM) injuries are often seen early after radiotherapy (RT) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (NPCs), which fail to fully recover in later stages, exhibiting a ""non-complete recovery pattern"". Herein, we explored the correlation between non-complete recovery WM injuries and TL necrosis (TLN), identifying dosimetric predictors for TLN-related high-risk WM injuries."
4053,brain tumour,39029475,Adaptive fine-tuning based transfer learning for the identification of MGMT promoter methylation status.,
4054,brain tumour,39029375,Human translesion DNA polymerases ι and κ mediate tolerance to temozolomide in MGMT-deficient glioblastoma cells.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor associated with poor patient survival. The current standard treatment involves invasive surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy employing temozolomide (TMZ). Resistance to TMZ is, however, a major challenge. Previous work from our group has identified candidate genes linked to TMZ resistance, including genes encoding translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases iota (Polɩ) and kappa (Polκ). These specialized enzymes are known for bypassing lesions and tolerating DNA damage. Here, we investigated the roles of Polɩ and Polκ in TMZ resistance, employing MGMT-deficient U251-MG glioblastoma cells, with knockout of either POLI or POLK genes encoding Polɩ and Polκ, respectively, and assess their viability and genotoxic stress responses upon subsequent TMZ treatment. Cells lacking either of these polymerases exhibited a significant decrease in viability following TMZ treatment compared to parental counterparts. The restoration of the missing polymerase led to a recovery of cell viability. Furthermore, knockout cells displayed increased cell cycle arrest, mainly in late S-phase, and lower levels of genotoxic stress after TMZ treatment, as assessed by a reduction of γH2AX foci and flow cytometry data. This implies that TMZ treatment does not trigger a significant H2AX phosphorylation response in the absence of these proteins. Interestingly, combining TMZ with Mirin (double-strand break repair pathway inhibitor) further reduced the cell viability and increased DNA damage and γH2AX positive cells in TLS KO cells, but not in parental cells. These findings underscore the crucial roles of Polɩ and Polκ in conferring TMZ resistance and the potential backup role of homologous recombination in the absence of these TLS polymerases. Targeting these TLS enzymes, along with double-strand break DNA repair inhibition, could, therefore, provide a promising strategy to enhance TMZ's effectiveness in treating GBM."
4055,brain tumour,39029318,A novel approach to investigate the combinatorial effects of TLK1 (Tousled-Like Kinase1) inhibitors with Temozolomide for glioblastoma therapy.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive, incurable brain tumor with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the standard chemotherapeutic treatment for GBM, but its efficacy has drawn strong criticism from clinicians due to short survival gains and frequent relapses. One critical limitation of TMZ therapy is the hyperactivation of DNA repair pathways, which over time neutralizes the cytotoxic effects of TMZ, thus highlighting the urgent need for new treatment approaches. Addressing this, our study explores the therapeutic potential of in-house-designed phenothiazine-based Tousled-like kinase-1 (TLK1) inhibitors for GBM treatment. TLK1, overexpressed in GBM, plays a role in DNA repair. Phenothiazines are known to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Among all molecules, J54 was identified as a potential lead molecule with improved cytotoxicity. In the context of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)-deficient GBM cells, the combined administration of phenothiazines and TMZ exhibited a collective reduction in clonogenic growth, coupled with anti-migratory and anti-invasion effects. Conversely, in MGMT-proficient cells, phenothiazine monotherapy alone showed reduced clonogenic growth, along with anti-migratory and anti-invasion effects. Notably, a synergistic increase in γH2AX levels and concurrent attenuation of DNA repair upon combinatorial exposure to TMZ and J54 were observed, implying increased cytotoxicity due to sustained DNA strand breaks. Overall, this study provides new insights into TLK1 inhibition for GBM therapy. Collectively, these findings indicate that TLK1 is one of the upregulated kinases in GBM and phenothiazine-based TLK1 inhibitors could be a promising treatment option for GBM patients."
4056,brain tumour,39029156,A graph-theoretic approach for the analysis of lesion changes and lesions detection review in longitudinal oncological imaging.,"Radiological follow-up of oncology patients requires the detection of lesions and the quantitative analysis of lesion changes in longitudinal imaging studies of patients, which is time-consuming and requires expertise. We present here a new method and workflow for the analysis and review of lesions and volumetric lesion changes in longitudinal scans of a patient. The generic graph-based method consists of lesion matching, classification of changes in individual lesions, and detection of patterns of lesion changes computed from the properties of the graph and its connected components. The workflow guides clinicians in the detection of missed lesions and wrongly identified lesions in manual and computed lesion annotations using the analysis of lesion changes. It serves as a heuristic method for the automatic revision of ground truth lesion annotations in longitudinal scans. The methods were evaluated on longitudinal studies of patients with three or more examinations of metastatic lesions in the lung (19 patients, 83 CT scans, 1178 lesions), the liver (18 patients, 77 CECT scans, 800 lesions) and the brain (30 patients, 102 T1W-Gad MRI scans, 317 lesions) with ground-truth lesion annotations. Lesion matching yielded a precision of 0.92-1.0 and recall of 0.91-0.99. The classification of changes in individual lesions yielded an accuracy of 0.87-0.97. The classification of patterns of lesion changes yielded an accuracy of 0.80-0.94. The lesion detection review workflow applied to manual and computed lesion annotations yielded 120 and 55 missed lesions and 20 and 164 wrongly identified lesions for all longitudinal studies of patients, respectively. The automatic analysis of lesion changes and review of lesion detection in longitudinal studies of oncological patients helps detect missed lesions and wrongly identified lesions. This method may help improve the accuracy of radiological interpretation and the disease status evaluation."
4057,brain tumour,39029152,Association between perioperative change in red cell distribution width and mortality in patients with brain tumor craniotomy.,"An elevated preoperative red cell distribution width (RDW) is associated with adverse prognostic outcomes in various diseases. However, the correlation between changes in RDW (ΔRDW) and the prognosis following brain tumor craniotomy remains unclear. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of perioperative changes in RDW in patients undergoing brain tumor craniotomy."
4058,brain tumour,39028919,Potential Role of Generative Adversarial Networks in Enhancing Brain Tumors.,"Contrast enhancement is necessary for visualizing, diagnosing, and treating brain tumors. Through this study, we aimed to examine the potential role of general adversarial neural networks in generating artificial intelligence-based enhancement of tumors using a lightweight model."
4059,brain tumour,39028815,R-loop resolution by ARIP4 helicase promotes androgen-mediated transcription induction.,"Pausing of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) at transcription start sites (TSSs) primes target genes for productive elongation. Coincidentally, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) enrich at highly transcribed and Pol II-paused genes, although their interplay remains undefined. Using androgen receptor (AR) signaling as a model, we have uncovered AR-interacting protein 4 (ARIP4) helicase as a driver of androgen-dependent transcription induction. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis revealed that ARIP4 preferentially co-occupies TSSs with paused Pol II. Moreover, we found that ARIP4 complexes with topoisomerase II beta and mediates transient DSB formation upon hormone stimulation. Accordingly, ARIP4 deficiency compromised release of paused Pol II and resulted in R-loop accumulation at a panel of highly transcribed AR target genes. Last, we showed that ARIP4 binds and unwinds R-loops in vitro and that its expression positively correlates with prostate cancer progression. We propose that androgen stimulation triggers ARIP4-mediated unwinding of R-loops at TSSs, enforcing Pol II pause release to effectively drive an androgen-dependent expression program."
4060,brain tumour,39028740,"Risk of new tumor, carotid stenosis, and stroke after Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Pituitary Tumor: A multicenter study of 2254 patients with imaging follow-up.","Higher risk of secondary brain tumor, carotid stenosis and stroke has been reported after conventional sella irradiation for pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET). Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), which is a more focused approach, is now increasingly used instead. The aim was to assess the risk of secondary brain tumor, carotid stenosis/occlusion and stroke after SRS."
4061,brain tumour,39028640,Shared patterns of glial transcriptional dysregulation link Huntington's disease and schizophrenia.,"Huntington's disease and juvenile-onset schizophrenia have long been regarded as distinct disorders. However, both manifest cell-intrinsic abnormalities in glial differentiation, with resultant astrocytic dysfunction and hypomyelination. To assess whether a common mechanism might underlie the similar glial pathology of these otherwise disparate conditions, we used comparative correlation network approaches to analyse RNA-sequencing data from human glial progenitor cells (hGPCs) produced from disease-derived pluripotent stem cells. We identified gene sets preserved between Huntington's disease and schizophrenia hGPCs yet distinct from normal controls that included 174 highly connected genes in the shared disease-associated network, focusing on genes involved in synaptic signalling. These synaptic genes were largely suppressed in both schizophrenia and Huntington's disease hGPCs, and gene regulatory network analysis identified a core set of upstream regulators of this network, of which OLIG2 and TCF7L2 were prominent. Among their downstream targets, ADGRL3, a modulator of glutamatergic synapses, was notably suppressed in both schizophrenia and Huntington's disease hGPCs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing confirmed that OLIG2 and TCF7L2 each bound to the regulatory region of ADGRL3, whose expression was then rescued by lentiviral overexpression of these transcription factors. These data suggest that the disease-associated suppression of OLIG2 and TCF7L2-dependent transcription of glutamate signalling regulators may impair glial receptivity to neuronal glutamate. The consequent loss of activity-dependent mobilization of hGPCs may yield deficient oligodendrocyte production, and hence the hypomyelination noted in these disorders, as well as the disrupted astrocytic differentiation and attendant synaptic dysfunction associated with each. Together, these data highlight the importance of convergent glial molecular pathology in both the pathogenesis and phenotypic similarities of two otherwise unrelated disorders, Huntington's disease and schizophrenia."
4062,brain tumour,39028616,"Fc-enhanced anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, doxorubicin, and ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening: A novel combinatorial immunotherapy regimen for gliomas.","Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain cancer that is resistant to conventional immunotherapy strategies. Botensilimab, an Fc-enhanced anti-CTLA-4 antibody (FcE-aCTLA-4), has shown durable activity in ""cold"" and immunotherapy-refractory cancers."
4063,brain tumour,39028201,American Association of Neurological Surgeons/Congress of the Neurological Surgeons Section on Tumors Guidelines: Assessing Their Impact on Brain Tumor Clinical Practice.,"Clinical guidelines direct healthcare professionals toward evidence-based practices. Evaluating guideline impact can elucidate information penetration, relevance, effectiveness, and alignment with evolving medical knowledge and technological advancements. As the American Association of Neurological Surgeons/Congress of Neurological Surgeons Section on Tumors marks its 40th anniversary in 2024, this article reflects on the tumor guidelines established by the Section over the past decade and explores their impact on other publications, patents, and information dissemination. Six tumor guideline categories were reviewed: low-grade glioma, newly diagnosed glioblastoma, progressive glioblastoma, metastatic brain tumors, vestibular schwannoma, and pituitary adenomas. Citation data were collected from Google Scholar and PubMed. Further online statistics, such as social media reach, and features in policy, news, and patents were sourced from Altmetric. Online engagement was assessed through website and CNS+ mobile application visits. Data were normalized to time since publication. Metastatic Tumor guidelines (2019) had the highest PubMed citation rate at 26.1 per year and webpage visits (29 100 page views 1/1/2019-9/30/2023). Notably, this guideline had two endorsement publications by partner societies, the Society of Neuro-Oncology and American Society of Clinical Oncology, concerning antiepileptic prophylaxis and steroid use, and the greatest reach on X (19.7 mentions/y). Citation rates on Google Scholar were led by Vestibular Schwannoma (2018). Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenoma led Mendeley reads. News, patent, or policy publications were led by low-grade glioma at 1.5/year. Our study shows that the American Association of Neurological Surgeons/Congress of Neurological Surgeons Section on Tumors guidelines go beyond citations in peer-reviewed publications to include patents, online engagement, and information dissemination to the public."
4064,brain tumour,39028181,Analysis of Relevant Predictive Indicators for Postoperative Condition Change in Brain Tumor Patients.,"Novice nurse need more guidance and professional confidence. This study aimed to explore early relevant predictive indicators for postoperative condition changes in brain tumor patients, which can be used to map patients' condition changes for novice nurses."
4065,brain tumour,39028079,Super selective intra-arterial cerebral infusion (SSIACI) for newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma.,No abstract found
4066,brain tumour,39028010,A Novel Melanin-Targeted ,
4067,brain tumour,39027914,Spatial transcriptomics of gastric cancer brain metastasis reveals atypical vasculature strategies with supportive immune profiles.,"Gastric cancer brain metastasis (GCBM) represents a rare but highly aggressive malignancy. Metastatic cancer cells are highly heterogeneous and differentially remodels brain vasculature and immune microenvironments, which affects the treatment effectiveness and patient outcome. This study aimed to investigate the spatial interactions among different cell components, especially the vasculature system and the brain microenvironment of GCBM patients."
4068,brain tumour,39027146,Diagnosis of choroid plexus papilloma: Current perspectives and future directions.,"Choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) is a rare, slow-growing, and typically benign brain tumor that predominantly affects children. CPP is characterized by well-defined circular or lobulated masses in the ventricles, leading to symptoms related to increased intracranial pressure and hydrocephalus. CPP diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical presentation, imaging findings, and histological examination. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification categorizes choroid plexus tumors into CPP (Grade І), atypical CPP (aCPP, Grade II), and choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC, Grade III). This article reviewed current diagnostics modalities and explored the emergence of new diagnostic methods for CPP. Research on molecular markers and genetic alterations associated with CPP is ongoing, and some potential markers have been identified. These results offered insights into potential therapeutic targets and personalized treatment approaches for CPP. Advancements in radiomics and liquid biopsy hold promise for improving diagnostic accuracy and monitoring treatment outcomes for choroid plexus tumors. Radiomics can provide quantitative data from imaging studies, whereas liquid biopsy can analyze tumor-derived genetic material and molecular markers from body fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. The rapidly evolving fields of molecular and genetic research and novel diagnostic methods require continuous updates and advancements before their application in clinical practice. We hope that these advancements will lead to earlier and more precise diagnoses, better treatment options, and improved outcomes in patients with CPP and other brain tumors."
4069,brain tumour,39027132,Early prognostication of overall survival for pediatric diffuse midline gliomas using MRI radiomics and machine learning: A two-center study.,Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) are aggressive pediatric brain tumors that are diagnosed and monitored through MRI. We developed an automatic pipeline to segment subregions of DMG and select radiomic features that predict patient overall survival (OS).
4070,brain tumour,39027057,"Rehabilitation needs of people with brain tumours in Ireland: Protocol for a prospective, mixed methods action research study (""Brain-RESTORE"").",
4071,brain tumour,39026781,The Open Pediatric Cancer Project.,"In 2019, the Open Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas (OpenPBTA) was created as a global, collaborative open-science initiative to genomically characterize 1,074 pediatric brain tumors and 22 patient-derived cell lines. Here, we extend the OpenPBTA to create the Open Pediatric Cancer (OpenPedCan) Project, a harmonized open-source multi-omic dataset from 6,112 pediatric cancer patients with 7,096 tumor events across more than 100 histologies. Combined with RNA-Seq from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), OpenPedCan contains nearly 48,000 total biospecimens (24,002 tumor and 23,893 normal specimens)."
4072,brain tumour,39026722,Oncogenic NOVA1 expression dysregulates alternative splicing in breast cancer.,Neuro-Oncological Ventral Antigen 1 (
4073,brain tumour,39026692,3D Brain Vascular Niche Model Captures Invasive Behavior and Gene Signatures of Glioblastoma.,Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal brain cancer with no effective treatment; understanding how GBM cells respond to tumor microenvironment remains challenging as conventional cell cultures lack proper cytoarchitecture while 
4074,brain tumour,39026516,Diffuse pleural metastasis from atypical meningioma.,"Meningioma is the most common benign primary brain tumour and does not usually metastasise. We report the case of a 69-year-old male patient with a history of meningioma who presented respiratory symptoms. He was found to have diffuse pleural metastasis from meningioma, which occurred 10 years after surgical management of recurrent meningioma. This case study provides insights into the clinical profile, workup and management of metastatic meningioma."
4075,brain tumour,39026377,Deformation-based morphometry: a sensitive imaging approach to detect radiation-induced brain injury?,"Radiotherapy is a major therapeutic approach in patients with brain tumors. However, it leads to cognitive impairments. To improve the management of radiation-induced brain sequalae, deformation-based morphometry (DBM) could be relevant. Here, we analyzed the significance of DBM using Jacobian determinants (JD) obtained by non-linear registration of MRI images to detect local vulnerability of healthy cerebral tissue in an animal model of brain irradiation."
4076,brain tumour,39026289,Assessment of imaging risks for recurrence after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases (IRRaS-BM).,The identification of viable tumors and radiation necrosis after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is crucial for patient management. Tumor habitat analysis involving the grouping of similar voxels can identify subregions that share common biology and enable the depiction of areas of tumor recurrence and treatment-induced change. This study aims to validate an imaging biomarker for tumor recurrence after SRS for brain metastasis by conducting tumor habitat analysis using multi-parametric MRI.
4077,brain tumour,39026284,Chlorpromazine overcomes temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma by inhibiting Cx43 and essential DNA repair pathways.,"In the fight against GBM, drug repurposing emerges as a viable and time-saving approach to explore new treatment options. Chlorpromazine, an old antipsychotic medication, has recently arisen as a promising candidate for repositioning in GBM therapy in addition to temozolomide, the first-line standard of care. We previously demonstrated the antitumor efficacy of chlorpromazine and its synergistic effects with temozolomide in suppressing GBM cell malignant features in vitro. This prompted us to accomplish a Phase II clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding chlorpromazine to temozolomide in GBM patients with unmethylated MGMT gene promoter. In this in vitro study, we investigate the potential role of chlorpromazine in overcoming temozolomide resistance."
4078,brain tumour,39026153,HEROIC: a platform for remote collection of electroencephalographic data using consumer-grade brain wearables.,"The growing number of portable consumer-grade electroencephalography (EEG) wearables offers potential to track brain activity and neurological disease in real-world environments. However, accompanying open software tools to standardize custom recordings and help guide independent operation by users is lacking. To address this gap, we developed HEROIC, an open-source software that allows participants to remotely collect advanced EEG data without the aid of an expert technician. The aim of HEROIC is to provide an open software platform that can be coupled with consumer grade wearables to record EEG data during customized neurocognitive tasks outside of traditional research environments. This article contains a description of HEROIC's implementation, how it can be used by researchers and a proof-of-concept demonstration highlighting the potential for HEROIC to be used as a scalable and low-cost EEG data collection tool. Specifically, we used HEROIC to guide healthy participants through standardized neurocognitive tasks and captured complex brain data including event-related potentials (ERPs) and powerband changes in participants' homes. Our results demonstrate HEROIC's capability to generate data precisely synchronized to presented stimuli, using a low-cost, remote protocol without reliance on an expert operator to administer sessions. Together, our software and its capabilities provide the first democratized and scalable platform for large-scale remote and longitudinal analysis of brain health and disease."
4079,brain tumour,39026106,Identification of a putative molecular subtype of adult-type diffuse astrocytoma with recurrent MAPK pathway alterations.,No abstract found
4080,brain tumour,39026103,Somatic CpG hypermutation is associated with mismatch repair deficiency in cancer.,"Somatic hypermutation in cancer has gained momentum with the increased use of tumour mutation burden as a biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitors. Spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine to thymine at CpG dinucleotides is one of the most ubiquitous endogenous mutational processes in normal and cancer cells. Here, we performed a systematic investigation of somatic CpG hypermutation at a pan-cancer level. We studied 30,191 cancer patients and 103 cancer types and developed an algorithm to identify somatic CpG hypermutation. Across cancer types, we observed the highest prevalence in paediatric leukaemia (3.5%), paediatric high-grade glioma (1.7%), and colorectal cancer (1%). We discovered germline variants and somatic mutations in the mismatch repair complex MutSα (MSH2-MSH6) as genetic drivers of somatic CpG hypermutation in cancer, which frequently converged on CpG sites and TP53 driver mutations. We further observe an association between somatic CpG hypermutation and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Overall, our study identified novel cancer types that display somatic CpG hypermutation, strong association with MutSα-deficiency, and potential utility in cancer immunotherapy."
4081,brain tumour,39025958,Treatment of IDH-mutant glioma in the INDIGO era.,"Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumor and are uniformly lethal. Despite significant advancements in understanding the genetic landscape of gliomas, standard-of-care has remained largely unchanged. Subsets of gliomas are defined by gain-of-function mutations in the metabolic genes encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). Efforts to exploit mutant IDH activity and/or directly inhibit it with mutant IDH inhibitors have been the focus of over a decade of research. The recently published INDIGO trial, demonstrating the benefit of the mutant IDH inhibitor vorasidenib in patients with low-grade IDH-mutant gliomas, introduces a new era of precision medicine in brain tumors that is poised to change standard-of-care. In this review, we highlight and contextualize the results of the INDIGO trial and introduce key questions whose answers will guide how mutant IDH inhibitors may be used in the clinic. We discuss possible combination therapies with mutant IDH inhibition and future directions for clinical and translational research."
4082,brain tumour,39025939,Metabolism changes caused by glucose in normal and cancer human brain cell lines by Raman imaging and chemometric methods.,"Glucose is the main source of energy for the human brain. This paper presents a non-invasive technique to study metabolic changes caused by glucose in human brain cell lines. In this paper we present the spectroscopic characterization of human normal brain (NHA; astrocytes) and human cancer brain (CRL-1718; astrocytoma and U-87 MG; glioblastoma) control cell lines and cell lines upon supplementation with glucose. Based on Raman techniques we have identified biomarkers that can monitor metabolic changes in lipid droplets, mitochondria and nucleus caused by glucose. We have studied the vibrations at 750 cm"
4083,brain tumour,39025928,A group 3 medulloblastoma stem cell program is maintained by OTX2-mediated alternative splicing.,"OTX2 is a transcription factor and known driver in medulloblastoma (MB), where it is amplified in a subset of tumours and overexpressed in most cases of group 3 and group 4 MB. Here we demonstrate a noncanonical role for OTX2 in group 3 MB alternative splicing. OTX2 associates with the large assembly of splicing regulators complex through protein-protein interactions and regulates a stem cell splicing program. OTX2 can directly or indirectly bind RNA and this may be partially independent of its DNA regulatory functions. OTX2 controls a pro-tumorigenic splicing program that is mirrored in human cerebellar rhombic lip origins. Among the OTX2-regulated differentially spliced genes, PPHLN1 is expressed in the most primitive rhombic lip stem cells, and targeting PPHLN1 splicing reduces tumour growth and enhances survival in vivo. These findings identify OTX2-mediated alternative splicing as a major determinant of cell fate decisions that drive group 3 MB progression."
4084,brain tumour,39025399,Tirofiban mediates neuroprotective effects in acute ischemic stroke by reducing inflammatory response.,"Growing evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is a critical driver of the development, worsening, and cell death observed in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). While prior research has demonstrated that tirofiban enhances functional recovery in AIS patients by suppressing platelet aggregation, its impact and underlying mechanisms in AIS-related neuroinflammation remain elusive. The current study established an AIS mouse model employing photochemical techniques and assessed neurological function and brain infarct size using the modified neurological severity scale (mNSS) and 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, respectively. Tirofiban significantly reduced the volume of cerebral infarction in AIS mice, accompanied by an enhancement in their neurological functions. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays along with experiments assessing oxidative stress showed that tirofiban mitigated oxidative damage and apoptosis in the ischemic penumbra post-AIS. Additionally, DNA microarray analysis revealed alterations in gene expression patterns in the ischemic penumbra after tirofiban treatment. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that most gene-level downregulated signaling pathways were closely related to the inflammatory response. Moreover, the protein microarray analysis revealed that tirofiban diminished the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in the ischemic penumbra. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining showed that tirofiban regulated inflammatory responses by altering the state and phenotype of microglia. In conclusion, this study suggests that tirofiban reduces inflammatory response by regulating microglial state and phenotype and lowering the levels of inflammatory factors, providing neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke."
4085,brain tumour,39025397,The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) Paradigm: Bridging the gap in depression research from bench to bedside.,"Depression is a complicated neuropsychiatric condition with an incompletely understoodetiology, making the discovery of effective therapies challenging. Animal models have been crucial in improving our understanding of depression and enabling antidepressant medication development. The CUMS model has significant face validity since it induces fundamental depression symptoms in humans, such as anhedonia, behavioral despair, anxiety, cognitive impairments, and changes in sleep, food, and social behavior. Its construct validity is demonstrated by the dysregulation of neurobiological systems involved in depression, including monoaminergic neurotransmission, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroinflammatory processes, and structural brain alterations. Critically, the model's predictive validity is demonstrated by the reversal of CUMS-induced deficits following treatment with clinically effective antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. This review comprehensivelyassesses the multifarious depressive-like phenotypes in the CUMS model using behavioral paradigms like sucrose preference, forced swim, tail suspension, elevated plus maze, and novel object recognition tests. It investigates the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie CUMS-induced behaviors, including signaling pathways involving tumor necrosis factor-alpha, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor TrkB, cyclooxygenase-2, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, and the kynurenine pathway. This review emphasizes the CUMS model's importance as a translationally relevant tool for unraveling the complex mechanisms underlying depression and facilitating the development of improved and targeted interventions for this debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder by providing a comprehensive overview of its validity, behavioral assessments, and neurobiological underpinnings."
4086,brain tumour,39025392,Metal-polyphenol self-assembled nanodots for NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided chemodynamic/photodynamic therapy-amplified ferroptosis.,"The effectiveness of tumor treatment using reactive oxygen species as the primary therapeutic medium is hindered by limitations of tumor microenvironment (TME), such as intrinsic hypoxia in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and overproduction of reducing glutathione (GSH) in chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Herein, we fabricate metal-polyphenol self-assembled nanodots (Fe@BDP NDs) guided by second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging. The Fe@BDP NDs are designed for synergistic combination of type-I PDT and CDT-amplified ferroptosis. In a mildly acidic TME, Fe@BDP NDs demonstrate great Fenton activity, leading to the generation of highly toxic hydroxyl radicals from overproduced hydrogen peroxide in tumor cells. Furthermore, Fe@BDP NDs show favorable efficacy in type-I PDT, even in tolerating tumor hypoxia, generating active superoxide anion upon exposure to 808 nm laser irradiation. The significant efficiency in reactive oxygen species (ROS) products results in the oxidation of sensitive polyunsaturated fatty acids, accelerating lethal lipid peroxidation (LPO) bioprocess. Additionally, Fe@BDP NDs illustrate an outstanding capability for GSH depletion, causing the inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4 and further promoting lethal LPO. The synergistic type-I photodynamic and chemodynamic cytotoxicity effectively trigger irreversible ferroptosis by disrupting the intracellular redox homeostasis. Moreover, Fe@BDP NDs demonstrate charming NIR-II fluorescence imaging capability and effectively accumulated at the tumor site, visualizing the distribution of Fe@BDP NDs and the treatment process. The chemo/photo-dynamic-amplified ferroptotic efficacy of Fe@BDP NDs was evidenced both in vitro and in vivo. This study presents a compelling approach to intensify ferroptosis via visualized CDT and PDT. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we detailed the fabrication of metal-polyphenol self-assembled nanodots (Fe@BDP NDs) guided by second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging, aiming to intensify ferroptosis via the synergistic combination of type-I PDT and CDT. In a mildly acidic TME, Fe@BDP NDs exhibited significant Fenton activity, resulting in the generation of highly toxic •OH from overproduced H"
4087,brain tumour,39025165,Dingxian pill alleviates hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in epileptic mice through TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling pathway inhibition.,"Dingxian Pill (DXP), a famous traditional Chinese medicine prescription, and has been widely proven to have positive therapeutic effects on ""Xianzheng"" (the name of epilepsy in ancient China). However, the anti-epileptic molecular mechanisms of DXP are not yet fully understood and remain to be further investigated."
4088,brain tumour,39025086,"Telmisartan loaded lipid nanocarrier as a potential repurposing approach to treat glioma: characterization, apoptosis evaluation in U87MG cells, pharmacokinetic and molecular simulation study.",The study explores anticancer potential of telmisartan (TS) loaded lipid nanocarriers (TLNs) in glioma cells as a potential repurposing nanomodality along with estimation of drug availability at rat brain. Experimental TLNs were produced by previously reported method and characterized.
4089,brain tumour,39024837,ACT001 inhibits primary central nervous system lymphoma tumor growth by enhancing the anti-tumor effect of T cells.,"Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a group of malignant brain tumors with a poor prognosis, and new therapeutic approaches for this tumor urgently need to be investigated. Formulated from a long-standing anti-inflammatory drugs, ACT001 has demonstrated in clinical research to be able to pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and affect the central nervous system. The effects of ACT001 on PCNSL cell apoptosis, proliferation and immune-related indexes were detected by flow cytometry, and the efficacy of ACT001 was verified in vivo by constructing a mouse PCNSL tumor model. ACT001 significantly inhibited PCNSL cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro. In addition, ACT001 can significantly inhibit the PD-1/PD-L1 expression and restore the function of T cells, so that the immune system cannot allow tumor cells to escape. In vivo experiments show that co-infusion of ACT001 and T cells effectively inhibits PCNSL tumor growth in NSG mice. Our work describes the inhibitory effect of ACT001 on the PCNSL cell line and demonstrated the inhibitory effect of ACT001 on immune checkpoints."
4090,brain tumour,39024836,Linalool-rich rosewood essential oil (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) mitigates emotional and neurochemical impairments induced by ethanol binge-like exposure during adolescence in female rats.,"Linalool-rich Rosewood oil (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) is a natural compound widely used in perfumery industry. Evidence suggests that linalool exerts antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. Conversely, ethanol binge drinking (i.e., intermittent and episodic consumption) during adolescence elicits neurobehavioral alterations associated with brain damage. Here, we investigated whether linalool-rich Rosewood oil administration can improve the emotional and molecular impairments associated with ethanol binge-like exposure during adolescence in female rats. Rosewood oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and posteriorly analyzed. Adolescent female Wistar rats received four-cycles of ethanol binge-like pattern (3 g/kg/day, 3 days on/4 days off) and daily Rosewood oil (35 mg/kg, intranasally) for 28 days. Twenty-four hours after treatments, it was evaluated the impact of ethanol exposure and Rosewood oil treatment on the putative emotional impairments assessed on the splash and forced swimming tests, as well as the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), S100B, oxidative parameters, and inflammatory cytokines in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Results indicated that Rosewood oil intranasal administration mitigated emotional impairments induced by ethanol exposure accompanied by a marked increase in BDNF, S100B, glutathione (GSH), and antioxidant activity equivalent to Trolox (TEAC) levels in brain areas. Rosewood oil treatment also prevented the ethanol-induced increase of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and neurofilament light chain (NFL) levels. These findings provide the first evidence that Rosewood oil intranasal administration exerts protective effects against emotional and molecular impairments associated with adolescent ethanol binge-like exposure, possibly due to linalool actions triggering neurotrophic factors, rebalancing antioxidant status, and attenuating proinflammatory process."
4091,brain tumour,39024803,Synthetic routes and clinical application of Small-Molecule HER2 inhibitors for cancer therapy.,"This comprehensive review undertakes a meticulous scrutiny of the synthesis and clinical applications pertaining to small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) directed towards the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a pivotal protagonist in the pathogenesis of cancer. Focused on compounds like lapatinib, neratinib, and tucatinib, the review delves into the intricate synthesis strategies, emphasizing the challenges associated with their structural complexity. The clinical utilization of HER2 TKIs underscores noteworthy strides in the therapeutic landscape for HER2-positive breast and gastric malignancies. Lapatinib, a dual HER2/ epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy in combination therapies, addressing the need for overcoming resistance mechanisms. Neratinib, an irreversible HER2 inhibitor, presents a promising avenue for patients with refractory tumors. Tucatinib, strategically engineered to traverse the blood-brain barrier, epitomizes a groundbreaking advancement in the management of metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer manifesting cerebral involvement. Despite their success, challenges such as resistance mechanisms and off-target effects persist, urging continuous research for the development of next-generation HER2 TKIs. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource for pharmaceutical scientists, offering insights into the synthetic intricacies and clinical impact of small-molecule TKIs targeting HER2."
4092,brain tumour,39024777,Efficacy and safety of pyrotinib-based regimens in HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer: A retrospective real-world data study.,Pyrotinib is a novel irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has shown efficacy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). This study explored the efficacy and safety of pyrotinib in the treatment of HER2-positive MBC patients in the real world.
4093,brain tumour,29494077,Cutaneous Angiofibroma,"Cutaneous angiofibroma is a benign skin tumor characterized by fibrovascular tissue and presents as a group of lesions with varied clinical appearances but consistent histological features. These benign fibrous neoplasms exhibit a proliferation of stellate and spindled cells, thin-walled blood vessels with dilated lumina in the dermis, and concentric collagen bundles. These growths typically manifest as small, firm, reddish, or flesh-colored papules, most commonly on the face (often referred to as fibrous papules or adenoma sebaceum), particularly around the nose and cheeks. However, they can also appear on other parts of the body, including the penis (as pearly penile papules), under the nails (as periungual angiofibromas or Koenen tumors), and in the mouth (as oral fibromas). Facial angiofibromas are one of the most prominent clinical signs of tuberous sclerosis—an autosomal dominant disorder that affects the skin, kidneys, heart, brain, and lungs. In tuberous sclerosis, these angiofibromas typically emerge on the face during childhood or early adulthood (see "
4094,brain tumour,39024172,Li-Fraumeni Syndrome: Imaging Features and Guidelines.,Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare autosomal dominant familial cancer syndrome caused by germline mutations of the tumor protein p53 gene 
4095,brain tumour,39024159,Real-world genetic testing outcomes of pan-cancer testing for mismatch repair deficiency.,"In 2017, the Food and Drug Administration approved pembrolizumab for treatment of any mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) tumor making MMR immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing beneficial for all tumor types. For the first time, MMR IHC was not performed exclusively to screen for Lynch syndrome (LS)."
4096,brain tumour,39023794,Role of Non-coding RNAs in the Response of Glioblastoma to Temozolomide.,"Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are widely used in clinical practice across the globe as cancer treatments. Intrinsic or acquired chemoresistance poses a significant problem for medical practitioners and researchers, causing tumor recurrence and metastasis. The most dangerous kind of malignant brain tumor is called glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) that often recurs following surgery. The most often used medication for treating GBM is temozolomide chemotherapy; however, most patients eventually become resistant. Researchers are studying preclinical models that accurately reflect human disease and can be used to speed up drug development to overcome chemoresistance in GBM. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to be substantial in regulating tumor development and facilitating treatment resistance in several cancers, such as GBM. In this work, we mentioned the mechanisms of how different ncRNAs (microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs) can regulate temozolomide chemosensitivity in GBM. We also address the role of these ncRNAs encapsulated inside secreted exosomes."
4097,brain tumour,39023671,Neuroprotective Effect of Ganoderic Acid against Focal Ischemic Stroke Induced by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Rats via Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.,"Stroke is recognized as a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, posing a significant challenge, particularly in developing countries. The current study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Ganoderic acid (GA) against focal ischemic stroke in rats."
4098,brain tumour,39023610,Evaluation of a deep image-to-image network (DI2IN) auto-segmentation algorithm across a network of cancer centers.,"Due to manual OAR contouring challenges, various automatic contouring solutions have been introduced. Historically, common clinical auto-segmentation algorithms used were atlas-based, which required maintaining a library of self-made contours. Searching the collection was computationally intensive and could take several minutes to complete. Deep learning approaches have shown significant benefits compared to atlas-based methods in improving segmentation accuracy and efficiency in auto-segmentation algorithms. This work represents the first multi-institutional study to describe and evaluate an AI algorithm for the auto-segmentation of organs at risk (OARs) based on a deep image-to-image network (DI2IN)."
4099,brain tumour,39023603,Analysis of the treatment planning metrics and their correlation with morphology of intracranial lesions in Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery.,"Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKRS) has established a role in treating various benign brain pathologies. The radiosurgery planning necessitates a proper understanding of radiation dose distribution in relation to the target lesion and surrounding eloquent area. The quality of a radiosurgery plan is determined by various planning parameters. Here, we have reviewed various GKRS planning parameters and analyzed their correlation with the morphology of treated brain lesions."
4100,brain tumour,39023586,Prediction of auditory brain stem responses damage in patients with head-and-neck cancers receiving radiotherapy using the functional assays of normal tissue complication probability models.,The purpose of this study was to set four NTCP models on clinical data and develop a model that calculates the possibility of hearing damage due to irradiation of healthy and at-risk brainstem tissue.
4101,brain tumour,39023552,Glioma grade and post-neurosurgical meningitis risk.,Post-neurosurgical meningitis (PNM) constitutes a grave complication associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the risk factors predisposing patients to PNM following surgery for low- and high-grade gliomas.
4102,brain tumour,39023183,Technical note: Computational study on thermal management schemes for tumor-treating fields therapy.,"The study focuses on thermal management in tumor-treating fields (TTFields) therapy, crucial for patient compliance and therapeutic effectiveness. TTFields therapy, an established treatment for glioblastoma, involves applying alternating electric fields to the brain. However, managing the thermal effects generated by electrodes is a major challenge, impacting patient comfort and treatment efficiency."
4103,brain tumour,39023130,Maternal obesogenic diet operates at the tumor cell of origin to increase incidence and decrease latency of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 optic pathway glioma.,"Pediatric low-grade glioma incidence has been rising in the U.S., mirroring the rising rates of pediatric and maternal obesity. Recently, children of obese mothers were demonstrated to develop brain tumors at higher rates. Importantly, obesity in the U.S. is largely driven by diet, given the prevalence of high fat and high sugar (HFHS) food choices. Since high-fat diet exposure can increase embryonic neuroglial progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation, the potential cells of origin for low-grade glioma, we hypothesized that in utero exposure to an obesogenic diet would modify pediatric brain penetrance and latency by affecting the tumor cell of origin."
4104,brain tumour,39022798,Tumor-informed deep sequencing of ctDNA detects minimal residual disease and predicts relapse in osteosarcoma.,"Current surveillance modalities of osteosarcoma relapse exhibit limited sensitivity and specificity. Although circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has been established as a biomarker of minimal residual disease (MRD) in many solid tumors, a sensitive ctDNA detection technique has not been thoroughly explored for longitudinal MRD detection in osteosarcoma."
4105,brain tumour,39022728,Insights into brain tumor diagnosis: exploring ,Diagnosing brain tumors is critical due to their complex nature. This review explores the potential of 
4106,brain tumour,39022676,The landscape of circRNAs in gliomas temozolomide resistance: Insights into molecular pathways.,"As the deadliest type of primary brain tumor, gliomas represent a significant worldwide health concern. Circular RNA (circRNA), a unique non-coding RNA molecule, seems to be one of the most alluring target molecules involved in the pathophysiology of many kinds of cancers. CircRNAs have been identified as prospective targets and biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of numerous disorders, particularly malignancies. Recent research has established a clinical link between temozolomide (TMZ) resistance and certain circRNA dysregulations in glioma tumors. CircRNAs may play a therapeutic role in controlling or overcoming TMZ resistance in gliomas and may provide guidance for a novel kind of individualized glioma therapy. To address the biological characteristics of circRNAs and their potential to induce resistance to TMZ, this review has highlighted and summarized the possible roles that circRNAs may play in molecular pathways of drug resistance, including the Ras/Raf/ERK PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and metabolic processes in gliomas."
4107,brain tumour,39022646,Unraveling glioblastoma diversity: Insights into methylation subtypes and spatial relationships.,"The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between distinct brain regions and molecular subtypes in glioblastoma (GB), focusing on integrating modern statistical tools and molecular profiling to better understand the heterogeneity of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase wild-type (IDH-wt) gliomas."
4108,brain tumour,39022642,An update on central nervous system tumors in germline replication-repair deficiency syndromes.,"DNA replication-repair deficiency (RRD) arises from pathogenic variants in the mismatch repair and/or polymerase-proofreading genes. Multiple germline cancer predisposition syndromes in children and young adults, including constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD), Lynch, polymerase-proofreading deficiency, and rare digenic syndromes can lead to RRD cancers. The most frequent brain tumors in these children are high-grade gliomas. Embryonal tumors like medulloblastoma have also been described. Lower-grade tumors are reported from cancer surveillance initiatives. The latter has an extremely high rate of malignant transformation. Novel functional assays quantifying the genomic microsatellite indel load have been demonstrated to be highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of RRD cancers and children with germline CMMRD. Importantly, RRD brain tumors uniformly harbor high mutation and microsatellite burden. High T-cell infiltration makes these aggressive cancers amenable to immune checkpoint inhibition, irrespective of their germline genetic background. Synergistic combinations are reported to be successful in patients failing checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy. Future directions include the development of innovative approaches to improve immune surveillance for RRD brain cancers. Additionally, the use of novel tools including circulating tumor DNA and quantifying microsatellite indel load over time can be useful to monitor disease burden and treatment responses in patients."
4109,brain tumour,39022627,Changes in neuroinflammatory biomarkers correlate with disease severity and neuroimaging alterations in patients with COVID-19 neurological complications.,"COVID-19 induces acute and persistent neurological symptoms in mild and severe cases. Proposed concomitant mechanisms include direct viral infection and strain, coagulopathy, hypoxia, and neuroinflammation. However, underlying molecular alterations associated with multiple neurological outcomes in both mild and severe cases are majorly unexplored. To illuminate possible mechanisms leading to COVID-19 neurological disease, we retrospectively investigated in detail a cohort of 35 COVID-19 mild and severe hospitalized patients presenting neurological alterations subject to clinically indicated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling. Clinical and neurological investigation, brain imaging, viral sequencing, and cerebrospinal CSF analyses were carried out. We found that COVID-19 patients presented heterogeneous neurological symptoms dissociated from lung burden. Nasal swab viral sequencing revealed a dominant strain at the time of the study, and we could not detect traces of SARS-CoV-2's spike protein in patients' CSF by multiple reaction monitoring analysis. Patients presented ubiquitous systemic hyper-inflammation and broad alterations in CSF proteomics related to inflammation, innate immunity, and hemostasis, irrespective of COVID-19 severity or neuroimaging alterations. Elevated CSF interleukin-6 (IL6) correlated with disease severity (sex-, age-, and comorbidity-adjusted mean Severe 24.5 pg/ml, 95% confidence interval (CI) 9.62-62.23 vs. Mild 3.91 pg/mL CI 1.5-10.3 patients, p = 0.019). CSF tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and IL6 levels were higher in patients presenting pronounced neuroimaging alterations compared to those who did not (sex-, age-, and comorbidity-adjusted mean TNFα Pronounced 3.4, CI 2.4-4.4 vs. Non-Pronounced 2.0, CI 1.4-2.5, p = 0.022; IL6 Pronounced 33.11, CI 8.89-123.31 vs Non-Pronounced 6.22, CI 2.9-13.34, p = 0.046). Collectively, our findings put neuroinflammation as a possible driver of COVID-19 acute neurological disease in mild and severe cases."
4110,brain tumour,39022351,Newly Synthesized Indolylacetic Derivatives Reduce Tumor Necrosis Factor-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Prolong Survival in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mice.,"The debilitating neurodegenerative disease known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons (MNs) in the brain, spinal cord, and motor cortex. The ALS neuroinflammatory component is being characterized and includes the overexpression of mediators, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Currently, there are no effective treatments for ALS. Indeed, riluzole, an "
4111,brain tumour,39022265,CMAF-Net: a cross-modal attention fusion-based deep neural network for incomplete multi-modal brain tumor segmentation.,"The information between multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is complementary. Combining multiple modalities for brain tumor image segmentation can improve segmentation accuracy, which has great significance for disease diagnosis and treatment. However, different degrees of missing modality data often occur in clinical practice, which may lead to serious performance degradation or even failure of brain tumor segmentation methods relying on full-modality sequences to complete the segmentation task. To solve the above problems, this study aimed to design a new deep learning network for incomplete multimodal brain tumor segmentation."
4112,brain tumour,39022247,Deep learning-based deformable image registration with bilateral pyramid to align pre-operative and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.,"The evaluation of brain tumor recurrence after surgery is based on the comparison between tumor regions on pre-operative and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in clinical practice. Accurate alignment of MRI scans is important in this evaluation process. However, existing methods often fail to yield accurate alignment due to substantial appearance and shape changes of tumor regions. The study aimed to improve this misalignment situation through multimodal information and compensation for shape changes."
4113,brain tumour,39022229,Improved automatic segmentation of brain metastasis gross tumor volume in computed tomography images for radiotherapy: a position attention module for U-Net architecture.,Brain metastases present significant challenges in radiotherapy due to the need for precise tumor delineation. Traditional methods often lack the efficiency and accuracy required for optimal treatment planning. This paper proposes an improved U-Net model that uses a position attention module (PAM) for automated segmentation of gross tumor volumes (GTVs) in computed tomography (CT) simulation images of patients with brain metastases to improve the efficiency and accuracy of radiotherapy planning and segmentation.
4114,brain tumour,39022225,Heterogeneity of fibroblast activation protein expression in the microenvironment of an intracranial tumor cohort: head-to-head comparison of gallium-68 FAP inhibitor-04 (,"Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME) can interact with tumor parenchymal cells to promote tumor growth and migration. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expressed by CAFs can be targeted with positron emission tomography (PET) tracers, but studies on FAP expression patterns in intracranial tumors remain scarce. We aimed to evaluate FAP expression patterns in intracranial tumors with gallium-68 FAP inhibitor-04 ("
4115,brain tumour,39022129,PDCD2 as a prognostic biomarker in glioma correlates with malignant phenotype.,"Programmed cell death 2 (PDCD2) is related to cancer progression and chemotherapy sensitivity. The role of PDCD2 in solid cancers (excluding hematopoietic malignancies) and their diagnosis and prognosis remains unclear. The TCGA, CGGA, GEPIA, cBioPortal, and GTEx databases were analyzed for expression, prognostic value, and genetic modifications of PDCD2 in cancer patients. Functional enrichment analysis, CCK8, colony formation assay, transwell assay, and xenograft tumor model were undertaken to study the PDCD2's biological function in glioma (GBMLGG). The "
4116,brain tumour,39021831,Breaking the barrier: Nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy as the new vanguard in brain tumor treatment.,"The pursuit of effective treatments for brain tumors has increasingly focused on the promising area of nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy (NERT). This review elucidates the context and significance of NERT, with a particular emphasis on its application in brain tumor therapy-a field where traditional treatments often encounter obstacles due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and tumor cells' inherent resistance. The aims of this review include synthesizing recent advancements, analyzing action mechanisms, and assessing the clinical potential and challenges associated with nanoparticle (NP) use in radiotherapy enhancement. Preliminary preclinical studies have established a foundation for NERT, demonstrating that nanoparticles (NPs) can serve as radiosensitizers, thereby intensifying radiotherapy's efficacy. Investigations into various NP types, such as metallic, magnetic, and polymeric, have each unveiled distinct interactions with ionizing radiation, leading to an augmented destruction of tumor cells. These interactions, encompassing physical dose enhancement and biological and chemical radio sensitization, are crucial to the NERT strategy. Although clinical studies are in their early phases, initial trials have shown promising results in terms of tumor response rates and survival, albeit with mindful consideration of toxicity profiles. This review examines pivotal studies affirming NERT's efficacy and safety. NPs have the potential to revolutionize radiotherapy by overcoming challenges in targeted delivery, reducing off-target effects, and harmonizing with other modalities. Future directions include refining NP formulations, personalizing therapies, and navigating regulatory pathways. NERT holds promise to transform brain tumor treatment and provide hope for patients."
4117,brain tumour,39021697,Choroid Plexus Papilloma Tumor of the Ovary: A Case Report.,"This is a case report of a 19-year-old nulligravid patient with a choroid plexus papilloma tumor in a mature cystic teratoma in the right adnexal area. The patient, who had abdominal pain and dyspepsia, showed a 9 cm diameter mass with a solid/cystic component, initially interpreted as a dermoid cyst in the right adnexal region. Mature cystic teratoma is a benign germ cell tumor and is common in women during the reproductive period. However, choroid plexus papilloma is a rare brain tumor. The diagnosis of ovarian choroid plexus papilloma can be made with imaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, and treatment is usually by surgical removal. Only four cases of ovarian teratoma with choroid plexus papilloma have been informed in the English literature, and this issue is the fifth."
4118,brain tumour,39021287,NDC80/HEC1 promotes macrophage polarization and predicts glioma prognosis via single-cell RNA-seq and in vitro experiment.,"Glioma is the most frequent and lethal form of primary brain tumor. The molecular mechanism of oncogenesis and progression of glioma still remains unclear, rendering the therapeutic effect of conventional radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical resection insufficient. In this study, we sought to explore the function of HEC1 (highly expressed in cancer 1) in glioma; a component of the NDC80 complex in glioma is crucial in the regulation of kinetochore."
4119,brain tumour,39021199,Inhibition of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response acts as a switch for reversal of residual senescence and as senolytic therapy in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma due to recurrence is clinically challenging with 10-15 months overall survival. Previously we showed that therapy-induced senescence (TIS) in glioblastoma reverses causing recurrence. Here, we aim to delineate the TIS reversal mechanism for potential therapeutic intervention to prevent glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence."
4120,brain tumour,39021040,"The unfolded protein response machinery in glioblastoma genesis, chemoresistance and as a druggable target.","The role of the unfolded protein response (UPR) has been progressively unveiled over the last decade and several studies have investigated its implication in glioblastoma (GB) development. The UPR restores cellular homeostasis by triggering the folding and clearance of accumulated misfolded proteins in the ER consecutive to endoplasmic reticulum stress. In case it is overwhelmed, it induces apoptotic cell death. Thus, holding a critical role in cell fate decisions."
4121,brain tumour,39020106,The CD44s Isoform is a Potential Biomarker for Predicting Craniopharyngioma Recurrence in Children.,"Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) is an intracranial tumor considered partly malignant due to its ability to infiltrate surrounding structures and tendency to relapse despite radical resection. CD44 is a known stem cell marker in ACP and is upregulated in cell clusters of invasive ACP protrusions; however, the functions of its alternative splicing isoform variants, CD44s and CD44v1-10, have not yet been studied in terms of ACP recurrence, despite their confirmed roles in cancer development and progression. In this study, we first confirmed the difference in total CD44 expression between samples from patients who experienced relapse and those from patients who did not. Moreover, our findings showed that, in recurrent samples, the predominant isoform expressed was CD44s, which might indicate its significance in predicting ACP recurrence. The association between increased CD44 expression and recurrence may lead to the development of prognostic markers of ACP aggressiveness and relapse potential; however, further studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanism of CD44 expression."
4122,brain tumour,39020091,Causal relationship between type 2 diabetes and glioblastoma: bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.,"As the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Glioblastoma (GBM) rises globally, the relationship between T2DM and GBM remains controversial. This study aims to investigate whether genetically predicted T2DM is causally associated with GBM. We performed bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using data from genome-wide studies on T2DM (N = 62,892) and GBM (N = 218,792) in European populations. The results of the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach served as the primary outcomes. We applied Cochran's Q test and MR-Egger regression for heterogeneity assessment. Leave-one-out analysis was used to evaluate whether any single SNP significantly influenced the observed effect. Our findings reveal a significant causal association between T2DM and an increased risk of GBM (OR [95% CI] 1.70 [1.09, 2.65], P = 0.019). Conversely, the reverse association between T2DM and GBM was insignificant (OR [95% CI] 1.00 [0.99, 1.01], P = 0.408) (P > 0.40). Furthermore, the results from Cochran's Q-test and funnel plots in the MR-Egger method indicated no evidence of pleiotropy between the SNPs and GBM. Additionally, we mapped causal SNPs to genes and identified 10 genes, including MACF1, C1orf185, PTGFRN, NOTCH2, ABCB10, GCKR, THADA, RBMS1, SPHKAP, and PPARG, located on chromosomes 1, 2, and 3. These genes are involved in key biological processes such as the BMP signaling pathway and various metabolic pathways relevant to both conditions. This study provides robust evidence of a significant causal relationship between T2DM and an increased risk of GBM. The identified SNP-mapped genes highlight potential biological mechanisms underlying this association."
4123,brain tumour,39019912,"A Multi-Center, Multi-Parametric MRI Dataset of Primary and Secondary Brain Tumors.","Brain metastases (BMs) and high-grade gliomas (HGGs) are the most common and aggressive types of malignant brain tumors in adults, with often poor prognosis and short survival. As their clinical symptoms and image appearances on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be astonishingly similar, their accurate differentiation based solely on clinical and radiological information can be very challenging, particularly for ""cancer of unknown primary"", where no systemic malignancy is known or found. Non-invasive multiparametric MRI and radiomics offer the potential to identify these distinct biological properties, aiding in the characterization and differentiation of HGGs and BMs. However, there is a scarcity of publicly available multi-origin brain tumor imaging data for tumor characterization. In this paper, we introduce a multi-center, multi-origin brain tumor MRI (MOTUM) imaging dataset obtained from 67 patients: 29 with high-grade gliomas, 20 with lung metastases, 10 with breast metastases, 2 with gastric metastasis, 4 with ovarian metastasis, and 2 with melanoma metastasis. This dataset includes anonymized DICOM files alongside processed FLAIR, T1-weighted, contrast-enhanced T1-weighted, T2-weighted sequences images, segmentation masks of two tumor regions, and clinical data. Our data-sharing initiative is to support the benchmarking of automated tumor segmentation, multi-modal machine learning, and disease differentiation of multi-origin brain tumors in a multi-center setting."
4124,brain tumour,39019900,ID2-ETS2 axis regulates the transcriptional acquisition of pro-tumoral microglia phenotype in glioma.,"Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumour that creates an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, play a crucial role in this environment. Glioblastoma cells can reprogramme microglia to create a supportive niche that promotes tumour growth. However, the mechanisms controlling the acquisition of a transcriptome associated with a tumour-supportive microglial reactive state are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated changes in the transcriptional profile of BV2 microglia exposed to C6 glioma cells. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed a significant upregulation of microglial inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id1) and Id2, helix-loop-helix negative transcription regulatory factors. The concomitant regulation of microglial ETS proto-oncogene 2, transcription factor (ETS2)-target genes, i.e., Dusp6, Fli1, Jun, Hmox1, and Stab1, led us to hypothesize that ETS2 could be regulated by ID proteins. In fact, ID2-ETS2 protein interactions increased in microglia exposed to glioma cells. In addition, perturbation of the ID2-ETS2 transcriptional axis influenced the acquisition of a microglial tumour-supportive phenotype. ID2 and ETS2 genes were found to be expressed by the tumour-associated microglia isolated from human glioblastoma tumour biopsies. Furthermore, ID2 and ETS2 gene expressions exhibited inverse prognostic values in patients with glioma in cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Collectively, our findings indicate that the regulation of ETS2 by ID2 plays a role in the transcriptional regulation of microglia in response to stimuli originating from glioblastoma cells, information that could lead to developing therapeutic strategies to manipulate microglial tumour-trophic functions."
4125,brain tumour,39019787,Clinicopathological characteristics of secondary trigeminal neuralgia due to cerebellopontine angle tumors.,"Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors are a common cause of secondary trigeminal neuralgia (TN), characterized by their concealed location, slow progression, and difficulty in early detection. This study aims to explore the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with secondary TN due to CPA tumors to enhance understanding and management of secondary TN."
4126,brain tumour,39019667,Characteristics and risk differences of different tumor sizes on distant metastases of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A retrospective study in the SEER database.,"The rate of distant metastasis in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) is 20%-50% at the time of initial diagnosis. However, whether tumor size can predict distant metastasis for PNETs remains unknown up to date."
4127,brain tumour,39019507,,Endovascular embolization is frequently used for vascular lesions of the head and neck. Newer agents may help to enhance visualization and improve treatment outcomes.
4128,brain tumour,39019336,Brain gliomas: Diagnostic and therapeutic issues and the prospects of drug-targeted nano-delivery technology.,"Glioma is the most common intracranial malignant tumor, with severe difficulty in treatment and a low patient survival rate. Due to the heterogeneity and invasiveness of tumors, lack of personalized clinical treatment design, and physiological barriers, it is often difficult to accurately distinguish gliomas, which dramatically affects the subsequent diagnosis, imaging treatment, and prognosis. Fortunately, nano-delivery systems have demonstrated unprecedented capabilities in diagnosing and treating gliomas in recent years. They have been modified and surface modified to efficiently traverse BBB/BBTB, target lesion sites, and intelligently release therapeutic or contrast agents, thereby achieving precise imaging and treatment. In this review, we focus on nano-delivery systems. Firstly, we provide an overview of the standard and emerging diagnostic and treatment technologies for glioma in clinical practice. After induction and analysis, we focus on summarizing the delivery methods of drug delivery systems, the design of nanoparticles, and their new advances in glioma imaging and treatment in recent years. Finally, we discussed the prospects and potential challenges of drug-delivery systems in diagnosing and treating glioma."
4129,brain tumour,39019146,Reactive astrogliosis induced by TNF-α is associated with upregulated AEG-1 together with activated NF-κB pathway in vitro.,"Astrocyte-elevated gene-1 (AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC) has garnered signficant attention in cancer research, yet, its role in inflammation-associated astrogliosis remains underexplored. This study aims to elucidate the effects of AEG-1 on reactive astrogliosis, including proliferation, migration, and glutamate uptake in primary astrocytes derived from rats. We first confirmed the effect of AEG-1 on these parameters. Subsequently, we investigated whether AEG-1 plays a role in the process of pro-inflammation factors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) induced astrogliosis. Our findings revealed that AEG-1-lentivirus infection led to hypertrophic cell bodies and enhanced expression of astrogliosis markers, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin. Additionally, AEG-1 was found to upregulate the mRNA and protein expression levels of EAAT2, a major glutamate transporter in the brain predominantly expressed by astrocytes and responsible for 90% of glutamate clearance. Furthermore, TNF-α was shown to promote astrogliosis, as well as astrocyte proliferation and migration, by upregulating AEG-1 expression through the NF-κB pathway. Collectively, these results suggest a potential role for AEG-1 in inflammation-related astrogliosis."
4130,brain tumour,39019073,Multi-modal fusion and feature enhancement U-Net coupling with stem cell niches proximity estimation for voxel-wise GBM recurrence prediction,
4131,brain tumour,39019053,A deep-learning-based surrogate model for Monte-Carlo simulations of the linear energy transfer in primary brain tumor patients treated with proton-beam radiotherapy.,
4132,brain tumour,39018992,Correlation of pre-operative and post-operative retinal nerve fibre layer thickness with visual outcome following decompression of pituitary macroadenoma.,To (i) correlate preoperative retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness with visual parameters in patients with pituitary macroadenomas. (ii) study the predictive role of preoperative RNFL in visual outcome following surgery for pituitary macroadenomas (iii) correlate change in postoperative RNFL thickness (RNFLT) with visual outcome.
4133,brain tumour,39018955,Abnormal hypothalamic functional connectivity associated with cognitive impairment in craniopharyngiomas.,"This study sought to characterize resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) patterns of the hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic nuclei in craniopharyngioma (CP) patients, and to investigate potential correlations between hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic rsFC maps and neurocognitive performance."
4134,brain tumour,39018902,"The real-world insights on the use, safety, and outcome of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in underrepresented populations with lung cancer.","The data on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) use in lung cancer individuals generally underrepresented in clinical trials are limited. We aimed to examine the ICI access, safety, and outcome in these populations using real-world data."
4135,brain tumour,39018875,The effects of the combination therapy of chemotherapy drugs on the fluctuations of genes involved in the TLR signaling pathway in glioblastoma multiforme therapy.,"One of the most lethal and aggressive types of malignancies with a high mortality rate and poor response to treatment is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This means that modernizing the medications used in chemotherapy, in addition to medicines licensed for use in other illnesses and chosen using a rationale process, can be beneficial in treating this illness. Meaningly, drug combination therapy with chemical or herbal originations or implanting a drug wafer in tumors to control angiogenesis is of great importance. Importantly, the primary therapeutic hurdles in GBM are the development of angiogenesis and the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which keeps medications from getting to the tumor. This malignancy can be controlled if the drug's passage through the BBB and the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), which promotes angiogenesis, are inhibited. In this way, the effect of combination therapy on the genes of different main signaling pathways like TLRs may be indicated as an impressive therapeutic strategy for treating GBM. This article aims to discuss the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on the expression of various genes and associated translational factors involved in the TLR signaling pathway."
4136,brain tumour,39018589,Phase II study of brigatinib in patients with ROS1 fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: the Barossa study.,"Brigatinib is a next-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting ALK and ROS1. The Barossa study is a multicenter, phase II basket study of brigatinib in patients with ROS1-rearranged solid tumors. ROS1 TKI-naive patients with ROS1-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were enrolled in cohort 1, and ROS1-rearranged NSCLC patients treated previously with crizotinib were enrolled in cohort 2. Patients with ROS1-rearranged solid tumors other than NSCLC were enrolled in cohort 3."
4137,brain tumour,39018531,Risankizumab versus Ustekinumab for Moderate-to-Severe Crohn's Disease.,The efficacy and safety of risankizumab as compared with ustekinumab in patients with Crohn's disease are unknown.
4138,brain tumour,39018506,"Erratum to: QOL-14. EPILEPTIC SEIZURES, ANTI-SEIZURE MEDICATIONS, AND NEUROCOGNITION IN SURVIVORS OF PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS.",No abstract found
4139,brain tumour,39018410,Click3D: Click reaction across deep tissues for whole-organ 3D fluorescence imaging.,"Click chemistry offers various applications through efficient bioorthogonal reactions. In bioimaging, pretargeting strategies have often been used, using click reactions between molecular probes with a click handle and reporter molecules that make them observable. Recent efforts have integrated tissue-clearing techniques with fluorescent labeling through click chemistry, allowing high-resolution three-dimensional fluorescence imaging. Nevertheless, these techniques have faced a challenge in limited staining depth, confining their use to imaging tissue sections or partial organs. In this study, we introduce Click3D, a method for thoroughly staining whole organs using click chemistry. We identified click reaction conditions that improve staining depth with our custom-developed assay. The Click3D protocol exhibits a greater staining depth compared to conventional methods. Using Click3D, we have successfully achieved whole-kidney imaging of nascent RNA and whole-tumor imaging of hypoxia. We have also accomplished whole-brain imaging of hypoxia by using the clickable hypoxia probe, which has a small size and, therefore, has high permeability to cross the blood-brain barrier."
4140,brain tumour,39017959,Self and proxy symptom reporting in glioma patient-caregiver dyads: the role of psychosocial function in rating accuracy.,Illness-related communication and depressive symptoms within families may play an important role in caregivers' ability to accurately understand patients' symptom burden. We examined the associations between these psychosocial factors and symptom accuracy in patients with glioma and their family caregivers.
4141,brain tumour,39017829,Patient-Centered Management of Brain Tumor-Related Epilepsy.,"Brain tumor-related epilepsy is a heterogenous syndrome involving variability in incidence, timing, pathophysiology, and clinical risk factors for seizures across different brain tumor pathologies. Seizure risk and disability are dynamic over the course of disease and influenced by tumor-directed treatments, necessitating individualized patient-centered management strategies to optimize quality of life."
4142,brain tumour,39017797,Fully Endoscopic Retrosigmoid Approach for Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors.,"Fully endoscopic or endoscope-controlled approaches are essentially keyhole approaches in which rigid endoscopes are the sole visualization tools used during the whole procedure. At the early attempts of endoscope-assisted cranial surgery, it was noted that rigid endoscopes enabled overcoming the problem of suboptimal visualization when small exposures are used. The technical specifications and design of the currently available rigid endoscopes are associated with a group of unique features that define the endoscopic view and lay the basis for its superiority over the microscopic view during brain surgery. Fully endoscopic retrosigmoid approach for cerebellopontine angle tumors is a minimally invasive approach that is not routinely practiced by neurosurgeons, with few series published so far. Unfamiliarity with the technique, steep learning curve, and concerns about inadequate exposure, neurovascular injury, and decreased visibility may explain this fact. In this chapter we elaborate on the surgical technique and nuances of the fully endoscopic retrosigmoid approach and present an overview of the published series."
4143,brain tumour,39017796,Purely Endoscopic Supracerebellar Infratentorial Approach to the Pineal Region in Pediatric Population.,"Pineal lesions represent less than 1% of all brain tumors (Villani et al., Clin Neurol Neurosurg 109:1-6, 2007). The abysmal location and critical neurovascular structures remain a surgical challenge, despite the advent of microneurosurgery. The classical wide surgical suboccipital craniotomy with the supracerebellar infratentorial approach, described by Sir Victor Horsley (Victor, Proc R Soc Med 3:77-78, 1910), is infamous for its considerable surgical morbidity and mortality. This was later upgraded microneurosurgically by Stein to improve surgical outcomes (Stein, J Neurosurg 35:197-202, 1971).Ruge et al. reported the first purely endoscopic fenestration of quadrigeminal arachnoid cysts via this corridor (Ruge et al., Neurosurgery 38:830-7, 1996). A cadaver-based anatomical study by Cardia et al. demonstrated the viability for endoscope-assisted techniques (Cardia et al., J Neurosurg 2006;104(6 Suppl):409-14). However, the first purely endoscopic supracerebellar infratentorial (eSCIT) approach to a pineal cyst was performed in 2008 by Gore et al. (Gore PA et al., Neurosurgery 62:108-9, 2008).Unlike transventricular endoscopy, eSCIT approach poses no mechanical risk to the fornices and can be utilized irrespective of ventricular size. More vascular control and resultant reduction in uncontrolled hemorrhage improve the feasibility of attaining complete resection, especially around corners (Zaidi et al,, World Neurosurg 84, 2015). Gravity-dependent positioning and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion aid cerebellar relaxation, creating the ideal anatomical pathway. Also, angle of the straight sinus, tentorium, and tectal adherence can often influence the choice of approach; thus direct endoscopic visualization not only counteracts access to the engorged Galenic complex but also encourages sharp dissection of the arachnoid (Cardia et al., J Neurosurg 104:409-14, 2006). These tactics help provide excellent illumination with magnification, making it less fatiguing for the surgeon (Broggi et al., Neurosurgery 67:159-65, 2010).The purely endoscopic approach thwarts the dreaded risk of air embolisms, via simple copious irrigation from a small burr hole (Shahinian and Ra, J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 74:114-7, 2013). The tiny opening and closure are rapid to create, and the smaller wound decreases postoperative pain and morbidity. Recent literature supports its numerous advantages and favorable outcomes, making it a tough contender to traditional open methods."
4144,brain tumour,39017794,Endoscopic Supraorbital Translaminar Approach.,"Surgical selection for third ventricle tumors demands meticulous planning, given the complex anatomic milieu. Traditional open microsurgical approaches may be limited in their access to certain tumors, prompting the exploration of alternative techniques. The endoscopic supraorbital translaminar approach (ESOTLA) has emerged as a promising alternative for managing these tumors. By combining a minimally invasive keyhole approach with endoscopic visualization, the ESOTLA provides enhanced illumination and a wider angle of view within the third ventricle. This unique advantage allows for improved access to retrochiasmatic tumors and reduces the need for frontal lobe and optic chiasm retraction required of microscopic techniques, decreasing the risk of neurocognitive and visual deficits. Complications related to the ESOTLA are rare and primarily pertain to cosmetic issues and potential compromise of the hypothalamus or optic apparatus, which can be minimized through careful subarachnoid dissection. This chapter offers a comprehensive description of the technical aspects of the ESOTLA, providing insights into its application, advantages, and potential limitations. Additionally, a case description highlights the successful surgical extirpation of an intraventricular papillary craniopharyngioma via the ESOTLA followed by targeted therapy. To better illustrate the stepwise dissection through this novel approach, a series of cadaveric and intraoperative photographs are included."
4145,brain tumour,39017792,Fully Endoscopic Supraorbital Approach for Anterior Cranial Base Meningiomas.,"Anterior cranial base meningiomas include those meningiomas originating from the tuberculum sellae, the planum sphenoidale, or the olfactory groove, with surgical excision being the main treatment modality for these tumors. Conventional microscopic and endoscope-assisted versions of the supraorbital keyhole approach via an eyebrow incision emerged into minimally invasive options that are frequently utilized nowadays for treating these tumors. At the early attempts of endoscope-assisted cranial surgery, it was noted that rigid endoscopes enabled overcoming the problem of suboptimal visualization when small exposures are used. The technical specifications and design of the currently available rigid endoscopes are associated with a group of unique features that define the endoscopic view and lay the basis for its superiority over the microscopic view during brain surgery. Notwithstanding, the fully endoscopic or endoscope-controlled version of the supraorbital keyhole approach is not routinely practiced by neurosurgeons, with few series published so far. In this chapter we elaborate on the surgical technique and nuances of the fully endoscopic supraorbital approach for anterior cranial base meningiomas."
4146,brain tumour,39017788,Endoscopic Cylinder Surgery for Ventricular Lesions.,"Cylinder retractors have been developed to reduce the risk of brain retraction injury during surgery by dispersing retraction pressure on the brain. In recent years, various types of cylinder retractors have been developed and widely used in neurosurgery. The ventricles, being deep structures within the brain, present an effective area for cylinder retractor utilization. Endoscopy provides a bright, wide field of view in the deep surgical field, even through narrow corridors.This chapter introduces surgical techniques using an endoscope through a cylinder. Given the deep and complex shapes of the ventricles, preoperative planning is paramount. Two main surgical techniques are employed in endoscopic cylinder surgery. The wet-field technique involves the continuous irrigation of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the procedure, maintaining ventricle shape with natural water pressure, facilitating tumor border identification, and achieving spontaneous hemostasis. Conversely, the dry-field technique involves CSF drainage, providing a clear visual field even during hemorrhage encounters. In intraventricular surgery, both techniques are used and switched as needed.Specific approaches for lateral, third, and fourth ventricular tumors are discussed, considering their locations and surrounding anatomical structures. Detailed intraoperative findings and strategies for tumor removal and hemostasis are presented.Endoscopic cylinder surgery offers a versatile and minimally invasive option for intraventricular tumors, leading to improved surgical outcomes. Overall, this technique enhances surgical precision and patient outcomes in intraventricular tumor cases."
4147,brain tumour,39017787,Fully Endoscopic Nontubular Retractor Approach for Intraaxial Tumors.,"Fully endoscopic or endoscope-controlled approaches are essentially keyhole approaches in which rigid endoscopes are the sole visualization tools used during the whole procedure. At the early attempts of endoscope-assisted cranial surgery, it was noted that rigid endoscopes enabled overcoming the problem of suboptimal visualization when small exposures are used. The technical specifications and design of the currently available rigid endoscopes are associated with a group of unique features that define the endoscopic view and lay the basis for its superiority over the microscopic view during brain surgery. Fully endoscopic resection of intraparenchymal brain tumors is a minimally invasive approach that is not routinely practiced by neurosurgeons, with a few major series published so far. Unfamiliarity with the technique, steep learning curve, and concerns about inadequate exposure and decreased visibility may explain this fact. The majority of the purely endoscopic resections for intraparenchymal brain lesions are performed nowadays through tubular retractor systems. In very limited instances, however, the fully endoscopic technique is performed without tubular retractors. In this chapter, we elaborate on the surgical technique and nuances of the fully endoscopic nontubular retractor approach for intraaxial tumors."
4148,brain tumour,39017786,Endoport-Guided Endoscopic Excision of Intraaxial Brain Tumors.,"Transcortical approaches using a spatula-based retraction system have traditionally been used for the microsurgical resection of deep-seated intraventricular and parenchymal brain tumors. Recently, transparent cylindrical or tubular retractors have been developed to provide a stable corridor to access deeper brain lesions and perform bimanual microsurgical resection. The flexible endoports minimize brain retraction injury during surgery and, along with the superior vision of endoscopes, offer several advantages over standard microsurgery. In this chapter, we describe the surgical technique of the endoport-guided endoscopic excision of deep-seated intraaxial brain tumors."
4149,brain tumour,39017783,Brain Tumor Anatomy with Tractography Fluorescence and Confocal Endoscopy.,"Tractography fluorescence and confocal endomicroscopy are complementary technologies to targeted tumor resection, and it is certain that as our technology for fluorescent probes continues to evolve, the confocal microscope will continue to be refined. Recent work suggests that intraoperative high-resolution augmented reality endomicroscopy, a real-time alternative to invasive biopsy and histopathology, has the potential to better quantify tumor burden at the final stages of surgery and ultimately to improve patient outcomes when combined with wide-field imaging approaches. Additional studies are needed to further elucidate the clinical benefits of these new technologies for brain tumor patients."
4150,brain tumour,39017752,Differentiation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells using retinoic acid and BDNF: a model for neuronal and synaptic differentiation in neurodegeneration.,"There has been much interest in the use of cell culture models of neurones, to avoid the animal welfare and cost issues of using primary and human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurones respectively. The human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, is extensively used in laboratories as they can be readily expanded, are of low cost and can be differentiated into neuronal-like cells. However, much debate remains as to their phenotype once differentiated, and their ability to recapitulate the physiology of bona fide neurones. Here, we characterise a differentiation protocol using retinoic acid and BDNF, which results in extensive neurite outgrowth/branching within 10 days, and expression of key neuronal and synaptic markers. We propose that these differentiated SH-SY5Y cells may be a useful substitute for primary or hiPSC-derived neurones for cell biology studies, in order to reduce costs and animal usage. We further propose that this characterised differentiation timecourse could be used as an in vitro model for neuronal differentiation, for proof-of principle studies on neurogenesis, e.g. relating to neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we demonstrate profound changes in Tau phosphorylation during differentiation of these cells, suggesting that they should not be used for neurodegeneration studies in their undifferentiated state."
4151,brain tumour,39017733,Stigma and related influencing factors in brain cancer patients: a cross-sectional study and parallel mediation analysis.,"Patients with brain cancer and painful symptoms of the disease experience heavy pressure and negative inner experiences, leading to a sense of stigma. Therefore, this study assessed the level of stigma in patients with brain cancer and analyzed the risk factors for stigma to analyze the underlying relationships among depression, social support, low self-esteem, and stigma."
4152,brain tumour,39016679,Cerium Vanadate Nanozyme with pH-Dependent Dual Enzymatic Activity for Glioblastoma Targeted Therapy and Postradiotherapy Damage Protection.,"Nanocatalytic therapy is an emerging technology that uses synthetic nanoscale enzyme mimics for biomedical treatment. However, in the field of neuroscience, achieving neurological protection while simultaneously killing tumor cells is a technical challenge. Herein, we synthesized a biomimic and translational cerium vanadate (CeVO"
4153,brain tumour,39016669,UBE2D1 promotes glioblastoma proliferation by modulating p21 ubiquitination.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) cells exhibit aberrant proliferative abilities and resistance to conventional therapies. However, the mechanisms underlying these malignant phenotypes are poorly understood. In this study, we identified ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2D1 (UBE2D1) as a crucial stimulator of GBM development. It is highly expressed in GBM and closely associated with poor prognosis in patients with GBM. UBE2D1 knockdown inhibits GBM cell growth and leads to G1 cell cycle arrest. Mechanistically, UBCH5A binds to p21 at the protein level and induces the ubiquitination and degradation of p21. This negative regulation is mediated by STUB1. Our findings are the first to identify UBE2D1 as a key driver of GBM growth and provide a potential target for improving prognosis and therapy."
4154,brain tumour,39016053,"Central nervous system efficacy of aumolertinib versus gefitinib in patients with untreated, EGFR-mutated, advanced non-small cell lung cancer: data from a randomized phase III trial (AENEAS).","The initial randomized, double-blinded, actively controlled, phase III ANEAS study (NCT03849768) demonstrated that aumolertinib showed superior efficacy relative to gefitinib as first-line therapy in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Metastatic disease in the central nervous system (CNS) remains a challenge in the management of NSCLC. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of aumolertinib versus gefitinib among patients with baseline CNS metastases in the ANEAS study."
4155,brain tumour,39016046,CAR-T cells for H3K27-altered diffuse midline gliomas: where do we stand?,No abstract found
4156,brain tumour,39015826,Severe Relapsing Autoimmune Encephalitis with GABA,"We report a challenging case of autoimmune encephalitis in a patient with a thymoma harboring titin and acetylcholine receptor antibodies, who experienced multiple relapses despite thymectomy and aggressive first-line immunotherapy, and for whom GABA"
4157,brain tumour,39015773,Glioblastoma stem cell long non-coding RNAs: therapeutic perspectives and opportunities.,"Glioblastoma poses a formidable challenge among primary brain tumors: its tumorigenic stem cells, capable of self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation, contribute substantially to tumor initiation and therapy resistance. These glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), resembling conventional stem and progenitor cells, adopt pathways critical for tissue development and repair, promoting uninterrupted tumor expansion. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a substantial component of the human transcriptome, have garnered considerable interest for their pivotal roles in normal physiological processes and cancer pathogenesis. They display cell- or tissue-specific expression patterns, and extensive investigations have highlighted their impact on regulating GSC properties and cellular differentiation, thus offering promising avenues for therapeutic interventions. Consequently, lncRNAs, with their ability to exert regulatory control over tumor initiation and progression, have emerged as promising targets for innovative glioblastoma therapies. This review explores notable examples of GSC-associated lncRNAs and elucidates their functional roles in driving glioblastoma progression. Additionally, we delved deeper into utilizing a 3D "
4158,brain tumour,39015650,Intracranial Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor: A Rare Case Report.,"Inflammatory pseudotumor encompasses a broad range of non-neoplastic and neoplastic entities, including inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs). Because it is a rare mesenchymal tumor of unknown etiology and pathogenesis, and its clinical symptoms and radiologic features are not distinctive, intracranial IMT could be misdiagnosed as other extra-axial tumors. Here, we present a case of intracranial IMT suspected to be a brain abscess."
4159,brain tumour,39015648,Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges of Rare Concurrent Intracranial Meningioma and Oligodendroglioma.,"Concurrent primary brain tumors are rare clinical entities, with a prevalence ranging from 0.1 to 0.5% of all diagnosed brain tumors. The co-occurrence of meningioma and oligodendroglioma is particularly uncommon, posing unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We describe the case of a patient diagnosed with concurrent meningioma and oligodendroglioma and review the existing literature on this rare phenomenon."
4160,brain tumour,39015337,Investigations of microbiota composition and neuroactive pathways in association with symptoms of stress and depression in a cohort of healthy women.,"Despite mounting evidence of gut-brain involvement in psychiatric conditions, functional data remain limited, and analyses of other microbial niches, such as the vaginal microbiota, are lacking in relation to mental health. This aim of this study was to investigate if the connections between the gut microbiome and mental health observed in populations with a clinical diagnosis of mental illness extend to healthy women experiencing stress and depressive symptoms. Additionally, this study examined the functional pathways of the gut microbiota according to the levels of psychological symptoms. Furthermore, the study aimed to explore potential correlations between the vaginal microbiome and mental health parameters in young women without psychiatric diagnoses."
4161,brain tumour,39015084,Membrane-bound Heat Shock Protein mHsp70 Is Required for Migration and Invasion of Brain Tumors.,"Molecular chaperones, especially 70 kDa heat shock protein, in addition to their intracellular localization in cancer cells, can be exposed on the surface of the plasma membrane. We report that the membrane-associated chaperone mHsp70 of malignant brain tumors is required for high migratory and invasive activity of cancer cells. Live-cell inverted confocal microscopy of tumor samples from adult (n = 23) and pediatric (n = 9) neurooncologic patients showed pronounced protein expression on the membrane, especially in the perifocal zone. Mass spectrometry analysis of lipid rafts isolated from tumor cells confirmed the presence of the protein in the chaperone cluster (including representatives of other families, such as Hsp70, Hsc70, Hsp105, and Hsp90), which in turn, during interactome analysis, was associated with proteins involved in cell migration (e.g., Rac1, RhoC, and myosin-9). The use of small-molecule inhibitors of HSP70 (PES and JG98) led to a substantial decrease in the invasive potential of cells isolated from a tumor sample of patients, which indicates the role of the chaperone in invasion. Moreover, the use of HSP70 inhibitors in animal models of orthotopic brain tumors significantly delayed tumor progression, which was accompanied by an increase in overall survival. Data demonstrate that chaperone inhibitors, particularly JG98, disrupt the function of mHsp70, thereby providing an opportunity to better understand the diverse functions of this protein and offer aid in the development of novel cancer therapies."
4162,brain tumour,39014982,Physics-guided self-supervised learning for retrospective T,To develop a self-supervised learning method to retrospectively estimate T
4163,brain tumour,39014476,NTRK-fused central nervous system tumours: clinicopathological and genetic insights and response to TRK inhibitors.,"Background Neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusions are found in 1% of gliomas across children and adults. TRK inhibitors are promising therapeutic agents for NTRK-fused gliomas because they are tissue agnostic and cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Methods We investigated twelve NGS-verified NTRK-fused gliomas from a single institute, Seoul National University Hospital. Results The patient cohort included six children (aged 1-15 years) and six adults (aged 27-72 years). NTRK2 fusions were found in ten cerebral diffuse low-grade and high-grade gliomas (DLGGs and DHGGs, respectively), and NTRK1 fusions were found in one cerebral desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma and one spinal DHGG. In this series, the fusion partners of NTRK2 were HOOK3, KIF5A, GKAP1, LHFPL3, SLMAP, ZBTB43, SPECC1L, FKBP15, KANK1, and BCR, while the NTRK1 fusion partners were TPR and TPM3. DLGGs tended to harbour only an NTRK fusion, while DHGGs exhibited further genetic alterations, such as TERT promoter/TP53/PTEN mutation, CDKN2A/2B homozygous deletion, PDGFRA/KIT/MDM4/AKT3 amplification, or multiple chromosomal copy number aberrations. Four patients received adjuvant TRK inhibitor therapy (larotrectinib, repotrectinib, or entrectinib), among which three also received chemotherapy (n = 2) or proton therapy (n = 1). The treatment outcomes for patients receiving TRK inhibitors varied: one child who received larotrectinib for residual DLGG maintained stable disease. In contrast, another child with DHGG in the spinal cord experienced multiple instances of tumour recurrence. Despite treatment with larotrectinib, ultimately, the child died as a result of tumour progression. An adult patient with glioblastoma (GBM) treated with entrectinib also experienced tumour progression and eventually died. However, there was a successful outcome for a paediatric patient with DHGG who, after a second gross total tumour removal followed by repotrectinib treatment, showed no evidence of disease. This patient had previously experienced relapse after the initial surgery and underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cell therapy with carboplatin/thiotepa and proton therapy. Conclusions Our study clarifies the distinct differences in the pathology and TRK inhibitor response between LGG and HGG with NTRK fusions."
4164,brain tumour,39014449,circPTP4A2 knockdown suppresses NSCLC progression via regulating proliferation and activating anti-tumor immunity.,"With a considerable variety of cancer subtypes, Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) poses a substantial threat to public health, affecting a large number of individuals and resulting in a high mortality rate. Circular RNA (circRNA) has been applied in various diseases, including cancers. This study aims to investigate the clinial significance and functional role of circPTP4A2 in NSCLC."
4165,brain tumour,39014393,Papillary tumor of the pineal region: analysis of DNA methylation profiles and clinical outcomes in 76 cases.,"Papillary tumor of the pineal region (PTPR) is an uncommon tumor of the pineal region with distinctive histopathologic and molecular characteristics. Experience is limited with respect to its molecular heterogeneity and clinical characteristics. Here, we describe 39 new cases and combine these with 37 previously published cases for a cohort of 76 PTPR's, all confirmed by methylation profiling. As previously reported, two main methylation groups were identified (PTPR-A and PTPR-B). In our analysis we extended the subtyping into three subtypes: PTPR-A, PTPR-B1 and PTPR-B2 supported by DNA methylation profile and genomic copy number variations. Frequent loss of chromosome 3 or 14 was found in PTPR-B1 tumors but not in PTPR-B2. Examination of clinical outcome showed that nearly half (14/30, 47%) of examined patients experienced tumor progression with significant difference among the subtypes (p value = 0.046). Our analysis extends the understanding of this uncommon but distinct neuroepithelial tumor by describing its molecular heterogeneity and clinical outcomes, including its tendency towards tumor recurrence."
4166,brain tumour,39014271,Revisiting oligodendroglioma grading in the 2021 WHO classification: calcification and larger contrast-enhancing tumor volume may predict higher oligodendroglioma grade.,To investigate whether qualitative and quantitative imaging phenotypes can predict the grade of oligodendroglioma.
4167,brain tumour,39013850,Aging aggravates aortic aneurysm and dissection via miR-1204-MYLK signaling axis in mice.,"The mechanism by which aging induces aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) remains unclear. A total of 430 participants were recruited for the screening of differentially expressed plasma microRNAs (miRNAs). We found that miR-1204 is significantly increased in both the plasma and aorta of elder patients with AAD and is positively correlated with age. Cell senescence induces the expression of miR-1204 through p53 interaction with plasmacytoma variant translocation 1, and miR-1204 induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence to form a positive feedback loop. Furthermore, miR-1204 aggravates angiotensin II-induced AAD formation, and inhibition of miR-1204 attenuates β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate-induced AAD development in mice. Mechanistically, miR-1204 directly targets myosin light chain kinase (MYLK), leading to the acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) by VSMCs and loss of their contractile phenotype. MYLK overexpression reverses miR-1204-induced VSMC senescence, SASP and contractile phenotypic changes, and the decrease of transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that aging aggravates AAD via the miR-1204-MYLK signaling axis."
4168,brain tumour,39013724,Vaccine-based immunotherapy and related preclinical models for glioma.,"Glioma, the most common primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system (CNS), lacks effective treatments, and >60% of cases are glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive form. Despite advances in immunotherapy, GBM remains highly resistant. Approaches that target tumor antigens expedite the development of immunotherapies, including personalized tumor-specific vaccines, patient-specific target selection, dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and T cell receptor (TCR) T cells. Recent studies show promising results in treating GBM and lower-grade glioma (LGG), fostering hope for future immunotherapy. This review discusses tumor vaccines against glioma, preclinical models in immunological research, and the role of CD4"
4169,brain tumour,39013548,Assessing the Quality of Life in Hydrocephalic Children: A Study from Tertiary Care Hospitals in Pakistan.," Hydrocephalus is a neurological disease with higher prevalence in the pediatric population, often managed by placing a shunt. This hollow tube drains excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain to other body parts, resulting in several complications, including neurological and psychometric manifestations and a compromised quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to evaluate QoL in patients with hydrocephalus shunt placement within the pediatric population."
4170,brain tumour,39013502,Re-irradiation treatment regimens for patients with recurrent glioma - Evaluation of the optimal dose and best concurrent therapy.,"Re-irradiation (reRT) is an effective treatment modality for patients with recurrent glioma. Data on dose escalation, the use of simulated integrated boost and concomitant therapy to reRT are still scarce. In this monocentric cohort of n = 223 patients we investigated the influence of reRT dose escalation as well as the concomitant use of bevacizumab (BEV) with regard to post-recurrence survival (PRS) and risk of radionecrosis (RN)."
4171,brain tumour,39013497,"Clinical, Radiologic, and Surgical Features of Brain Metastases in Colorectal Cancer. A Strong Correlation Between Surgical Patterns and Outcome.","Brain metastases (BMs) from colorectal cancer (CRC) are a small percentage of metastatic patients and surgery is considered the best choice to improve survival. While most research has focused on the risk of CRC spreading to the brain, no studies have examined the characteristics of BMs in relation to surgery and outcome. In this study, we evaluate the clinical and radiologic features of BMs from CRC patients who underwent surgery and analyze their outcomes."
4172,brain tumour,39013258,Clinicopathological significance of mutation profile detected by next generation sequencing in different metastatic organs of non-small cell lung cancers.,"The primary tumor and it's metastases show heterogeneity in molecular studies for targeted therapies in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer(NSCLC), the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The study aimed to identify somatic mutations in biopsies from NSCLC patients' metastatic organs using Next-Generation Sequencing(NGS) and examine their association with clinicopathological parameters."
4173,brain tumour,39013195,Tumor Metabolism: A New Field for the Treatment of Glioma.,"The clinical treatment of glioma remains relatively immature. Commonly used clinical treatments for gliomas are surgery combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but there is a problem of drug resistance. In addition, immunotherapy and targeted therapies also suffer from the problem of immune evasion. The advent of metabolic therapy holds immense potential for advancing more efficacious and tolerable therapies against this aggressive disease. Metabolic therapy alters the metabolic processes of tumor cells at the molecular level to inhibit tumor growth and spread, and lead to better outcomes for patients with glioma that are insensitive to conventional treatments. Moreover, compared with conventional therapy, it has less impact on normal cells, less toxicity and side effects, and higher safety. The objective of this review is to examine the changes in metabolic characteristics throughout the development of glioma, enumerate the current methodologies employed for studying tumor metabolism, and highlight the metabolic reprogramming pathways of glioma along with their potential molecular mechanisms. Importantly, it seeks to elucidate potential metabolic targets for glioblastoma (GBM) therapy and summarize effective combination treatment strategies based on various studies."
4174,brain tumour,39013128,Opsoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome in a Patient With Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.,"To describe a case of post-immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome (OMAS), with complete clinical remission after treatment."
4175,brain tumour,39012700,[Genetic and molecular backgrounds of the development of glioblastoma].,"Stage IV glioblastoma is the most frequently diagnosed and the worst prognosis tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Patients suffering from this type of cancer usually survive several months with the use of surgical treatment, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The development of glioblastoma is determined by a number of mutations, the most common of which are the p16, p19, p53, pRB, PTEN, PDGFR, CDK4 and EGFR protein genes as well as the loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes 10, 17 and 19. The occurrence of mutations within the IDH1 and IDH2 genes and increased methylation of MGMT promoter improves patient survival, but few patients live more than 3 years after diagnosis. The most important cell signaling pathways in glioblastoma are PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin, which play a key role in tumor cell function. However, these cells are highly resistant to anticancer drugs, including inhibitors of cell signaling pathways. Currently, the potential methods of effectively combating malignant gliomas are alternating electric field therapy and the implementation of new immunotherapeutic strategies."
4176,brain tumour,39012509,Genetic and epigenetic instability as an underlying driver of progression and aggressive behavior in IDH-mutant astrocytoma.,"In recent years, the classification of adult-type diffuse gliomas has undergone a revolution, wherein specific molecular features now represent defining diagnostic criteria of IDH-wild-type glioblastomas, IDH-mutant astrocytomas, and IDH-mutant 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendrogliomas. With the introduction of the 2021 WHO CNS classification, additional molecular alterations are now integrated into the grading of these tumors, given equal weight to traditional histologic features. However, there remains a great deal of heterogeneity in patient outcome even within these established tumor subclassifications that is unexplained by currently codified molecular alterations, particularly in the IDH-mutant astrocytoma category. There is also significant intercellular genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity and plasticity with resulting phenotypic heterogeneity, making these tumors remarkably adaptable and robust, and presenting a significant barrier to the design of effective therapeutics. Herein, we review the mechanisms and consequences of genetic and epigenetic instability, including chromosomal instability (CIN), microsatellite instability (MSI)/mismatch repair (MMR) deficits, and epigenetic instability, in the underlying biology, tumorigenesis, and progression of IDH-mutant astrocytomas. We also discuss the contribution of recent high-resolution transcriptomics studies toward defining tumor heterogeneity with single-cell resolution. While intratumoral heterogeneity is a well-known feature of diffuse gliomas, the contribution of these various processes has only recently been considered as a potential driver of tumor aggressiveness. CIN has an independent, adverse effect on patient survival, similar to the effect of histologic grade and homozygous CDKN2A deletion, while MMR mutation is only associated with poor overall survival in univariate analysis but is highly correlated with higher histologic/molecular grade and other aggressive features. These forms of genomic instability, which may significantly affect the natural progression of these tumors, response to therapy, and ultimately clinical outcome for patients, are potentially measurable features which could aid in diagnosis, grading, prognosis, and development of personalized therapeutics."
4177,brain tumour,39012440,State of the Art Modelling of the Breast Cancer Metastatic Microenvironment: Where Are We?,"Metastatic spread of tumour cells to tissues and organs around the body is the most frequent cause of death from breast cancer. This has been modelled mainly using mouse models such as syngeneic mammary cancer or human in mouse xenograft models. These have limitations for modelling human disease progression and cannot easily be used for investigation of drug resistance and novel therapy screening. To complement these approaches, advances are being made in ex vivo and 3D in vitro models, which are becoming progressively better at reliably replicating the tumour microenvironment and will in the future facilitate drug development and screening. These approaches include microfluidics, organ-on-a-chip and use of advanced biomaterials. The relevant tissues to be modelled include those that are frequent and clinically important sites of metastasis such as bone, lung, brain, liver for invasive ductal carcinomas and a distinct set of common metastatic sites for lobular breast cancer. These sites all have challenges to model due to their unique cellular compositions, structure and complexity. The models, particularly in vivo, provide key information on the intricate interactions between cancer cells and the native tissue, and will guide us in producing specific therapies that are helpful in different context of metastasis."
4178,brain tumour,39012416,Radiomics of pituitary adenoma using computer vision: a review.,"Pituitary adenomas (PA) represent the most common type of sellar neoplasm. Extracting relevant information from radiological images is essential for decision support in addressing various objectives related to PA. Given the critical need for an accurate assessment of the natural progression of PA, computer vision (CV) and artificial intelligence (AI) play a pivotal role in automatically extracting features from radiological images. The field of ""Radiomics"" involves the extraction of high-dimensional features, often referred to as ""Radiomic features,"" from digital radiological images. This survey offers an analysis of the current state of research in PA radiomics. Our work comprises a systematic review of 34 publications focused on PA radiomics and other automated information mining pertaining to PA through the analysis of radiological data using computer vision methods. We begin with a theoretical exploration essential for understanding the theoretical background of radionmics, encompassing traditional approaches from computer vision and machine learning, as well as the latest methodologies in deep radiomics utilizing deep learning (DL). Thirty-four research works under examination are comprehensively compared and evaluated. The overall results achieved in the analyzed papers are high, e.g., the best accuracy is up to 96% and the best achieved AUC is up to 0.99, which establishes optimism for the successful use of radiomic features. Methods based on deep learning seem to be the most promising for the future. In relation to this perspective DL methods, several challenges are remarkable: It is important to create high-quality and sufficiently extensive datasets necessary for training deep neural networks. Interpretability of deep radiomics is also a big open challenge. It is necessary to develop and verify methods that will explain to us how deep radiomic features reflect various physics-explainable aspects."
4179,brain tumour,39012415,A depth analysis of recent innovations in non-invasive techniques using artificial intelligence approach for cancer prediction.,"The fight against cancer, a relentless global health crisis, emphasizes the urgency for efficient and automated early detection methods. To address this critical need, this review assesses recent advances in non-invasive cancer prediction techniques, comparing conventional machine learning (CML) and deep neural networks (DNNs). Focusing on these seven major cancers, we analyze 310 publications spanning the years 2018 to 2024, focusing on detection accuracy as the key metric to identify the most effective predictive models, highlighting critical gaps in current methodologies, and suggesting directions for future research. We further delved into factors like datasets, features, and modalities to gain a comprehensive understanding of each approach's performance. Separate review tables for each cancer type and approach facilitated comparisons between top performers (accuracy exceeding 99%) and low performers (65.83 to 85.8%). Our exploration of public databases and commonly used classifiers revealed that optimal combinations of features, datasets, and models can achieve up to 100% accuracy for both CML and DNN. However, significant variations in accuracy (up to 35%) were observed, particularly when optimization was lacking. Notably, colorectal cancer exhibited the lowest accuracy (DNN 69%, CML 65.83%). A five-point comparative analysis (best/worst models, performance gap, average accuracy, and research trends) revealed that while DNN research is gaining momentum, CML approaches remain competitive, even outperforming DNN in some cases. This study presents an in-depth comparative analysis of CML and DNN techniques for cancer detection. This knowledge can inform future research directions and contribute to the development of increasingly accurate and reliable cancer detection tools."
4180,brain tumour,39012356,Role of intraoperative ultrasound and MRI to aid grade of resection of pediatric low-grade gliomas: accumulated experience from 4 centers.,Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) are the most common brain tumors in children and achieving complete resection (CR) in pLGG is the most important prognostic factor. There are multiple intraoperative tools to optimize the extent of resection (EOR). This article investigates and discusses the role of intraoperative ultrasound (iUS) and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) in the surgical treatment of pLGG.
4181,brain tumour,39012280,Prognostic relevance and validation of ARPC1A in the progression of low-grade glioma.,"Low-grade glioma (LGG) is a grade II-III glioma accompanied by distinct clinical and molecular characteristics and the studies related to its prognosis are still unclear. The objective of this study is to explore the involvement of mitochondrial-related genes SLBP, COMMD7, LSM4, TOMM34, RPP40, FKBP1A, ARPC1A, and TBCA for the prognosis of LGG. We detected differences in the expression of some of the genes by analyzing the bioinformatics dataset and combining it with RT-PCR experiments. Subsequently, a nomogram was constructed and validated for the clinical relevance of risk factors such as age, WHO grade, IDH mutation status, Ch.1p19q co-deletion status, and high and low expression of ARPC1A to predict the 1-, 3-, 5-year overall survival and prognostic relevance of ARPC1A. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed for the relevant datasets pertinent to the expression of ARPC1A to elucidate the cancer-promoting pathways involved in the LGG through KEGG and GO analysis. Transfection assays, CCK-8 assays, and flow cytometry were used to determine the proliferation rate, and apoptosis rate of the HS683 and SW1783 cell lines respectively. Western blotting was used to examine the involvement of the cancer-promoting activity of ARPC1A through MAPK signaling. In this study, the prognostic value of ARPC1A in LGG was found by bioinformatics analysis combined with experimental approach analysis and may be a significant independent risk factor. ARPC1A fosters a higher LGG proliferation rate that may control the MAP kinase signaling and could be a prominent biomarker for LGG. Future studies are warranted to explore its clinical implications."
4182,brain tumour,39011735,RANO 2.0 criteria: concepts applicable to the neuroradiologist's clinical practice.,"The Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) 2.0 criteria aim at improving the standardization and reliability of treatment response assessment in clinical trials studying central nervous system (CNS) gliomas. This review presents the evidence supporting RANO 2.0 updates and discusses which concepts can be applicable to the clinical practice, particularly in the clinical radiographic reads."
4183,brain tumour,39011731,Modeling the management of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer with liquid biopsy: the future of precision medicine.,"In the evolving landscape of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC) management, liquid biopsy offers unprecedented opportunities for guiding clinical decisions. Here, we review the most recent findings on liquid biopsy applications in HER2-positive BC and its potential role in addressing challenges specific to this BC subtype."
4184,brain tumour,39011725,"Liquid biopsy in brain tumors: moving on, slowly.","Due to limited access to the tumor, there is an obvious clinical potential for liquid biopsy in patients with primary brain tumors. Here, we review current approaches, present limitations to be dealt with, and new promising data that may impact the field."
4185,brain tumour,39011663,Keeping patients in the dark: perioperative anesthetic considerations for patients receiving 5-aminolevulinic acid for glioma resection.,"5-Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA), available under the trade name Gleolan, is an orally administered fluorophore drug used to enhance visual differentiation of cancerous tissue from healthy tissue, primarily during surgical resection of high-grade gliomas. Although given preoperatively, 5-ALA has important implications for anesthetic care throughout the perioperative period. This article reviews pharmacology, safety concerns, and perioperative considerations for patients who receive oral 5-ALA."
4186,brain tumour,39011485,Intracranial management of HER-2 overexpression breast cancer with extensive volume or symptomatic brain metastases.,"This study aimed to evaluate the impact of high intracranial burden and symptomatic presentation of brain metastases on treatment outcomes in patients with HER-2 positive breast cancer. Through a retrospective analysis, we explored the intracranial responses following the application of HER-2 targeted therapy alone or in combination with other modalities and further elucidated the relationship between treatment efficacy, intracranial progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and the burden of intracranial lesions and symptomatic presentations."
4187,brain tumour,39011386,"Near Infrared-Activatable Biomimetic Nanoplatform for Tumor-Specific Drug Release, Penetration and Chemo-Photothermal Synergistic Therapy of Orthotopic Glioblastoma.","Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a highly invasive and prognostically challenging brain cancer, poses a significant hurdle for current treatments due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the difficulty to maintain an effective drug accumulation in deep GBM lesions."
4188,brain tumour,39011372,Whole-brain radiation therapy plus simultaneous integrated boost for brain metastases from breast cancers.,The effect of whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) plus simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) in brain metastasis from breast cancers has not been demonstrated.
4189,brain tumour,39010835,Hypoxia conduces the glioma progression by inducing M2 macrophage polarization via elevating TNFSF9 level in a histone-lactylation-dependent manner.,"Hypoxia is a critical factor contributing to a poor prognosis and challenging glioma therapy. Previous studies have indicated that hypoxia drives M2 polarization of macrophages and promotes cancer progression in various solid tumors. However, the more complex and diverse mechanisms underlying this process remain to be elucidated. Here, we aimed to examine the functions of hypoxia in gliomas and preliminarily investigate the underlying mechanisms of M2 macrophage polarization caused by hypoxia. We found that hypoxia significantly enhances the malignant phenotypes of U87 and U251 cells by regulating glycolysis. In addition, hypoxia mediated accumulation of the glycolysis product [lactic acid (LA)], which is subsequently absorbed by macrophages to induce its M2 polarization, and this process is reverted by both the glycolysis inhibitor and silenced monocarboxylate transporter (MCT-1) in macrophages, indicating that M2 macrophage polarization is associated with the promotion of glycolysis by hypoxia. Interestingly, we also found that hypoxia mediated LA accumulation in glioma cells upon uptake by macrophages upregulates H3K18La expression and promotes tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 9 (TNFSF9) expression in a histone-lactylation-dependent manner based on the results of chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP seq) enrichment analysis. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo experiments further indicated that TNFSF9 facilitated glioma progression. Mechanistically, hypoxia-mediated LA accumulation in glioma cells is taken up by macrophages and then induces its M2 macrophage polarization by regulating TNFSF9 expression via MCT-1/H3K18La signaling, thus facilitating the malignant progression of gliomas."
4190,brain tumour,39010808,Diagnostic performance of 3.0 Tesla diffusion tensor imaging in the assessment of brain stem glioma grading.,This study aimed to investigate the role of 3 Tesla Dif-fusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the assessment of brainstem glioma (BSG) grading.
4191,brain tumour,39010692,High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ameliorates memory impairment by inhibiting neuroinflammation in the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion mice.,"High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) has been found to ameliorate cognitive impairment. However, the effects of HF-rTMS remain unknown in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)."
4192,brain tumour,39010651,Quality of life and family functioning 12 months after diagnosis of childhood brain tumour: A longitudinal cohort study.,"The wellbeing of a child with brain tumour is affected by several factors. We present the first investigation of quality of life and family functioning in a parent and child across the first 12 months after diagnosis, examining potential factors to guide the provision of psychosocial resources to families who most need them."
4193,brain tumour,39010342,"In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding ""Mutational Status and Clinical Outcomes Following Systemic Therapy with or without Focal Radiation for Resected Melanoma Brain Metastases"".",No abstract found
4194,brain tumour,39010341,"Letter to the Editor Regarding ""Mutational Status and Clinical Outcomes Following Systemic Therapy with or without Focal Radiation for Resected Melanoma Brain Metastases"".",No abstract found
4195,brain tumour,39009933,Chemical engineering of zein with polyethylene glycol and Angiopep-2 to manufacture a brain-targeted docetaxel nanomedicine for glioblastoma treatment.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest adult brain cancer. The current standard-of-care chemotherapy using orally administered temozolomide (TMZ) presents poor improvement in patient survival, emphasizing the compelling need for new therapies. A possible chemotherapeutic alternative is docetaxel (DTX), which possesses higher tumoricidal potency against GBM cells. However, its limited blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability poses a constraint on its application. Nonetheless, nanomedicine offers promising avenues for overcoming this challenge. Angiopep-2 (ANG2) is a peptide that targets the BBB-overexpressed low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). In this work, we managed, for the first time, to employ a pioneering approach of covalently linking zein protein with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and ANG2 prior to its formulation into nanoparticles (ZNPs) with enhanced stability and LDLR-mediated brain targetability, respectively. Carbodiimide and click chemistry approaches were optimized, resulting in functional modification of zein with around 25% PEG, followed by functional modification of PEG with nearly 100% ANG2. DTX-loaded ZNPs presented 100 nm average size, indicating high suitability for BBB crossing through receptor-mediated transcytosis. ZNPs maintained the cytotoxic effect of the loaded DTX against GBM cells, while demonstrating a safe matrix against BBB cells. Importantly, these brain-targeted ZNPs showcased up to fourfold enhancement in blood-to-brain permeability in a BBB in vitro model, highlighting the potential of this novel approach of BBB targeting in significantly improving therapeutic outcomes for GBM patients. The versatility of the system and the possibility of significantly increasing drug concentration in the brain open the door to its future application in a wide range of other brain-related diseases."
4196,brain tumour,39009914,Radiogenomics as an Integrated Approach to Glioblastoma Precision Medicine.,"Isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumour in adults. Its infiltrative nature and heterogeneity confer a dismal prognosis, despite multimodal treatment. Precision medicine is increasingly advocated to improve survival rates in glioblastoma management; however, conventional neuroimaging techniques are insufficient in providing the detail required for accurate diagnosis of this complex condition."
4197,brain tumour,39009856,Identification of prognostic imaging biomarkers in H3 K27-altered diffuse midline gliomas in adults: impact of tumor oxygenation imaging biomarkers on survival.,"To investigate prognostic markers for H3 K27-altered diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) in adults with clinical, qualitative and quantitative imaging phenotypes, including tumor oxygenation characteristics."
4198,brain tumour,39009772,How I do it: Endoscopic endonasal resection of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus.,Resection of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus (MWCSR) is a growing surgical maneuver for the radical removal of pituitary adenomas.
4199,brain tumour,39009519,[Ⅲ. Management of NTRK-Fusion Positive Glioma in Children].,No abstract found
4200,brain tumour,39009518,[Ⅱ. Molecular Diagnosis for Pediatric Brain Tumors].,No abstract found
4201,brain tumour,39009517,[Ⅰ. Development of Molecular Targeted Therapy Depending on Genetic Alterations in Pediatric Brain Tumors].,No abstract found
4202,brain tumour,39009516,[Central Nervous System Tumor Pediatric Brain Tumors-Genetic Alterations and Therapeutic Strategies].,No abstract found
4203,brain tumour,39009207,Advances in two-photon absorption photodynamic therapy of glioma based on porphyrin-based metal-organicframework composites.,"Gliomas of the brain are characterised by high aggressiveness, high postoperative recurrence rate, high morbidity and mortality, posing a great challenge to clinical treatment. Traditional treatments include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy; they also have significant associated side effects, leading to difficulties in tumour resection and recurrence. Photodynamic therapy has been shown to be a promising new strategy to help treat malignant tumours of the brain. It irradiates the tumour site at a specific wavelength to activate a photosensitiser, which selectively accumulates at the tumour site, triggering a photochemical reaction that destroys the tumour cells. It has the advantages of being minimally invasive, highly targeted and with few adverse reactions, and is expected to be well used in anti-tumour therapy. However, the therapeutic effect of traditional PDT is limited by the weak tissue penetration ability of photosensitiser, hypoxia and immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment. This paper reviews the current research status on the therapeutic principle of photodynamic therapy in glioma and the mechanism of tumour cell injury, and also analyses the advantages and disadvantages of the current application in glioma treatment, and clarifies the analysis of ideas to improve the tissue penetration ability of photosensitizers. It aims to provide a feasible direction for the improvement of photodynamic therapy for glioma and a reference for the clinical treatment of deep brain tumours."
4204,brain tumour,39009182,Parsing the effect of co-culture with brain organoids on Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) using quantitative proteomics.,"Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas (DIPGs) are deadly brain cancers in children for which there is no effective treatment. This can partly be attributed to preclinical models that lack essential elements of the in vivo tissue environment, resulting in treatments that appear promising preclinically, but fail to result in effective cures. Recently developed co-culture models combining stem cell-derived brain organoids with brain cancer cells provide tissue dimensionality and a human-relevant tissue-like microenvironment. As these models are technically challenging, we aimed to establish whether interaction with the organoid influences DIPG biology and thus warrants their use. To address this question DIPG24 cells were cultured with pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical organoids. We created ""mosaic"" co-cultures enriched for tumour cell-neuronal cell interactions versus ""assembloid"" co-cultures enriched for tumour cell-tumour cell interactions. Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) was used to analyse the proteomes of DIPG fractions isolated by flow-assisted cell sorting. Control proteomes from DIPG spheroids were compared with DIPG cells isolated from mosaic and assembloid co-cultures. This suggested changes in cell interaction with the external environment reflected by decreased gene ontology terms associated with adhesion and extracellular matrix, and increased DNA synthesis and replication, in DIPG24 cells under either co-culture condition. By contrast, the mosaic co-culture was associated with neuron-specific brahma-associated factor (nBAF) complex signalling, a process associated with neuronal maturation. We propose that co-culture with brain organoids is a valuable tool to parse the contribution of the brain microenvironment to DIPG tumour biology."
4205,brain tumour,39008916,Camouflaging nanoreactor traverse the blood-brain barrier to catalyze redox cascade for synergistic therapy of glioblastoma.,"The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a complex and highly restrictive barrier that prevents most biomolecules and drugs from entering the brain. However, effective strategies for delivering drugs to the brain are urgently needed for the treatment of glioblastoma. Based on the efficient BBB penetration properties of exosomes derived from brain metastatic breast cancer cells (EB), this work prepared a nanoreactor (denoted as MAG@EB), which was constructed by self-assembly of Mn"
4206,brain tumour,39008899,Switching the Chemoselectivity in the Preparation of [,"Fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) is expressed both in tumor cells and in the tumor vasculature, making it a potential target for medical imaging and therapy. In this study, we aimed to radiolabel a CooP peptide with a free amino and thiol group, and evaluate the radiolabeled product ["
4207,brain tumour,39008801,"Low-Grade Gliomas: A New Mutation, New Targeted Therapy, and Many Questions.","The discovery in 2008 that many adult gliomas harbor a hitherto unknown mutation in the metabolic gene isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) initiated revolutionary advances in our understanding of the biology, and correspondingly our classification, of gliomas. IDH mutations are found in most nonglioblastoma adult gliomas and portend a better prognosis. Massive efforts have unraveled many of the pleiotropic cellular effects of these mutations and spawned several lines of investigation to target the effect to therapeutic benefit. In this article are reviewed the implications of the IDH mutation in gliomas, in particular focusing on recent studies that have culminated in a rare positive phase 3 trial in these generally refractory tumors."
4208,brain tumour,39008716,A brain organoid/ALL coculture model reveals the AP-1 pathway as critically associated with CNS involvement of BCP-ALL.,"Central nervous system (CNS) involvement remains a clinical hurdle in treating childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). The disease mechanisms of CNS leukemia are primarily investigated using 2-dimensional cell culture and mouse models. Given the variations in cellular identity and architecture between the human and murine CNS, it becomes imperative to seek complementary models to study CNS leukemia. Here, we present a first-of-its-kind 3-dimensional coculture model combining human brain organoids and BCP-ALL cells. We noticed significantly higher engraftment of BCP-ALL cell lines and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells in cerebral organoids than non-ALL cells. To validate translatability between organoid coculture and in vivo murine models, we confirmed that targeting CNS leukemia-relevant pathways such as CD79a/Igα or C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4-stromal cell-derived factor 1 reduced the invasion of BCP-ALL cells into organoids. RNA sequencing and functional validations of organoid-invading leukemia cells compared with the noninvaded fraction revealed significant upregulation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor-complex members in organoid-invading cells. Moreover, we detected a significant enrichment of AP-1 pathway genes in PDX ALL cells recovered from the CNS compared with spleen blasts of mice that had received transplantation with TCF3::PBX1+ PDX cells, substantiating the role of AP-1 signaling in CNS disease. Accordingly, we found significantly higher levels of the AP-1 gene, jun proto-oncogene, in patients initially diagnosed as CNS-positive BCP-ALL compared with CNS-negative cases as well as CNS-relapse vs non-CNS-relapse cases in a cohort of 100 patients with BCP-ALL. Our results suggest CNS organoids as a novel model to investigate CNS involvement and identify the AP-1 pathway as a critical driver of CNS disease in BCP-ALL."
4209,brain tumour,39008545,"Multicenter Registry of Adenomas of the Pituitary and Related Disorders: Initial Description of Cushing Disease Cohort, Surgical Outcomes, and Surgeon Characteristics.","To address the lack of a multicenter pituitary surgery research consortium in the United States, we established the Registry of Adenomas of the Pituitary and Related Disorders (RAPID). The goals of RAPID are to examine surgical outcomes, improve patient care, disseminate best practices, and facilitate multicenter surgery research at scale. Our initial focus is Cushing disease (CD). This study aims to describe the current RAPID patient cohort, explore surgical outcomes, and lay the foundation for future studies addressing the limitations of previous studies."
4210,brain tumour,39008543,"Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Depressive Symptoms, Brain Potential, and Neuroimmunoinflammatory Factors in Depressed Patients.","This study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on depressive symptoms, brain potential, and neuroimmunoinflammatory factors in patients with depression."
4211,brain tumour,39008537,Complete and durable regression of leptomeningeal involvement during lorlatinib treatment in a patient with lung cancer.,"Metastatic spread to the central nervous system (CNS) is frequent in anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK )-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has an important impact on patient prognosis and quality of life. Leptomeningeal involvement may occur in up to 10% of cases of ALK-positive NSCLC. Lorlatinib is a third-generation ALK inhibitor that has excellent CNS penetrability and demonstrated its efficacy both in pretreated and treatment-naive patients. Herein, we present the case of a 34-year-old patient diagnosed with stage IV ALK-rearranged NSCLC who received two lines of ALK inhibitors (crizotinib followed by alectinib) and several courses of brain stereotactic ablative radiotherapy until leptomeningeal involvement was detected. Third-line lorlatinib was then administered, and 2 months later encephalic MRI documented complete regression of the leptomeningeal involvement that is still maintained after 36 months while treatment with lorlatinib is still ongoing with good tolerability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the longer intracranial response reported in the literature, underlining the importance of the most appropriate choice of systemic treatments and their integration with loco-regional approaches to improve outcomes."
4212,brain tumour,39008492,6-shogaol against 3-Nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington's disease in rodents: Based on molecular docking/targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines/NF-κB-BDNF-Nrf2 pathway.,"Huntington's disease (HD) is an extremely harmful autosomal inherited neurodegenerative disease. Motor dysfunction, mental disorder, and cognitive deficits are the characteristic features of this disease. The current study examined whether 6-shogaol has a protective effect against 3-Nitropropionic Acid (3-NPA)-induced HD in rats."
4213,brain tumour,39007929,Unraveling the noncoding RNA landscape in glioblastoma: from pathogenesis to precision therapeutics.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive type IV brain tumor that originates from astrocytes and has a poor prognosis. Despite intensive research, survival rates have not significantly improved. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as critical regulators of carcinogenesis, progression, and increased treatment resistance in GBM cells. They influence angiogenesis, migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and invasion in GBM cells. ncRNAs, such as long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are commonly dysregulated in GBM. miRNAs, such as miR-21, miR-133a, and miR-27a-3p, are oncogenes that increase cell proliferation, metastasis, and migration by targeting TGFBR1 and BTG2. In contrast, lncRNAs, such as HOXD-AS2 and LINC00511, are oncogenes that increase the migration, invasion, and proliferation of cells. CircRNAs, such as circ0001730, circENTPD7, and circFOXO3, are oncogenes responsible for cell growth, angiogenesis, and viability. Developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting ncRNAs, cell migration, and angiogenesis is a promising approach for GBM. By targeting these dysregulated ncRNAs, we can potentially restore a healthy balance in gene expression and influence disease progression. ncRNAs abound within GBM, demonstrating significant roles in governing the growth and behavior of these tumors. They may also be useful as biomarkers or targets for therapy. The use of morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) suppressing the oncogene expression of HOTAIR, BCYRN1, and cyrano, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) suppressing the expression of ncRNAs such as MALAT1 and miR-10b, locked nucleic acids (LNAs) suppressing miR-21, and peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) suppressing the expression of miR-155 inhibited the PI3K pathway, tumor growth, angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Targeting oncogenic ncRNAs with RNA-interfering strategies such as MOs, ASOs, LNAs, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, and PNA approaches may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for GBM. This review emphasizes the critical role of ncRNAs in GBM pathogenesis, as well as the potential for new therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways to improve the prognosis and quality of life for GBM patients."
4214,brain tumour,39007927,MicroRNA-143 overexpression enhances the chemosensitivity of A172 glioblastoma cells to carmustine.,"As an aggressive malignancy, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of brain tumor. The existing treatments have shown limited achievement in increasing the overall survival of patients. Therefore, identifying the key molecules involved in GBM will provide new potential therapeutic targets. Carmustine is an alkylating agent used as a supplementary therapeutic option for GBM. However, the extensive use of carmustine has been limited by uncertainty about its efficacy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Many aberrantly expressed miRNAs have been detected in various types of human cancer, including GBM. In this study, we evaluated the potential therapeutic effect of miR-143 in combination with carmustine on GBM cells. A172 cells were transfected with miR-143 mimics and then treated with carmustine. To assess the cell viability, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle progression, the MTT assay, Annexin V/PI apoptosis assay, and flow cytometry were used, respectively. Furthermore, qRT-PCR assay was applied to evaluate the expression level of genes related to apoptosis. The obtained results evidenced that miR-143 transfection could promote the sensitivity of A172 cells to carmustine and enhance carmustine-induced apoptosis via modulating the expression levels of Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Bax, and Bcl-2. Also, our results revealed that combination therapy could effectively diminish cell cycle progression in A172 cells. In conclusion, these results confirmed that miR-143 could enhance carmustine-mediated suppression of cell proliferation and improve the chemosensitivity of A172 cells to this chemotherapeutic agent. Therefore, miR-143 combination therapy may be a promising GBM treatment approach."
4215,brain tumour,39007916,"Cognitive Dysfunction in Non-CNS Metastatic Cancer: Comparing Brain Metastasis, Non-CNS Metastasis, and Healthy Controls.",Limited research has compared cognition of people with non-central nervous system metastatic cancer (NCM) 
4216,brain tumour,39007837,"A non-enhancing, T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintense, diffusion-restricting brainstem lesion in an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor-treated non-small-cell lung cancer patient.","Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a devastating complication of malignancy. Diagnosis relies on both contrast enhancement on imaging and malignant cells in cerebral spinal fluid cytology. Though early detection and prompt intervention improves survival, the detection of LM is limited by false negatives. A rare brainstem imaging finding uncovered specifically in "
4217,brain tumour,39007604,Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Biopsy from a Single Entry Point.,"Pineal neoplasms have a significant impact on children although they are relatively uncommon. They account for approximately 3-11% of all childhood brain tumors, which is considerably higher than the <1% seen in adult brain tumors. These tumors can be divided into three main categories: germ cell tumors, parenchymal pineal tumors, and tumors arising from related anatomical structures. Obtaining an accurate and minimally invasive tissue diagnosis is crucial for selecting the most appropriate treatment regimen for patients with pineal gland tumors. This is due to the diverse treatment options available and the potential risks associated with complete resection. In cases where patients present with acute obstructive hydrocephalus caused by a pineal gland tumor, immediate treatment of the hydrocephalus is necessary. The urgency stems from the potential complications of hydrocephalus, including increased intracranial pressure and neurological deficits. To address these challenges, a minimally invasive endoscopic approach provides a valuable opportunity. This technique allows clinicians to promptly relieve hydrocephalus and obtain a histological diagnosis simultaneously. This dual benefit enables a more comprehensive understanding of the tumor and assists in determining the most effective treatment strategy for the patient."
4218,brain tumour,39007550,Microsurgical Resection of a Pediatric Tegmentum Tumor Through the Paramedian Supracerebellar Transtentorial Approach With the Tentorial Cut Technique: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.,No abstract found
4219,brain tumour,39007269,Molecular analysis of primary and metastatic sites in patients with renal cell carcinoma.,"BACKGROUNDMetastases are the hallmark of lethal cancer, though underlying mechanisms that drive metastatic spread to specific organs remain poorly understood. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is known to have distinct sites of metastases, with lung, bone, liver, and lymph nodes being more common than brain, gastrointestinal tract, and endocrine glands. Previous studies have shown varying clinical behavior and prognosis associated with the site of metastatic spread; however, little is known about the molecular underpinnings that contribute to the differential outcomes observed by the site of metastasis.METHODSWe analyzed primary renal tumors and tumors derived from metastatic sites to comprehensively characterize genomic and transcriptomic features of tumor cells as well as to evaluate the tumor microenvironment at both sites.RESULTSWe included a total of 657 tumor samples (340 from the primary site [kidney] and 317 from various sites of metastasis). We show distinct genomic alterations, transcriptomic signatures, and immune and stromal tumor microenvironments across metastatic sites in a large cohort of patients with RCC.CONCLUSIONWe demonstrate significant heterogeneity among primary tumors and metastatic sites and elucidate the complex interplay between tumor cells and the extrinsic tumor microenvironment that is vital for developing effective anticancer therapies."
4220,brain tumour,39007144,AGBL4 promotes malignant progression of glioblastoma via modulation of MMP-1 and inflammatory pathways.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor, is notorious for its aggressive growth and dismal prognosis. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of GBM, particularly focusing on the role of AGBL4 and its connection to inflammatory pathways, to discover viable therapeutic targets."
4221,brain tumour,39007088,Evaluating synthetic neuroimaging data augmentation for automatic brain tumour segmentation with a deep fully-convolutional network.,"Gliomas observed in medical images require expert neuro-radiologist evaluation for treatment planning and monitoring, motivating development of intelligent systems capable of automating aspects of tumour evaluation. Deep learning models for automatic image segmentation rely on the amount and quality of training data. In this study we developed a neuroimaging synthesis technique to augment data for training fully-convolutional networks (U-nets) to perform automatic glioma segmentation. We used StyleGAN2-ada to simultaneously generate fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance images and corresponding glioma segmentation masks. Synthetic data were successively added to real training data (n = 2751) in fourteen rounds of 1000 and used to train U-nets that were evaluated on held-out validation (n = 590) and test sets (n = 588). U-nets were trained with and without geometric augmentation (translation, zoom and shear), and Dice coefficients were computed to evaluate segmentation performance. We also monitored the number of training iterations before stopping, total training time, and time per iteration to evaluate computational costs associated with training each U-net. Synthetic data augmentation yielded marginal improvements in Dice coefficients (validation set +0.0409, test set +0.0355), whereas geometric augmentation improved generalization (standard deviation between training, validation and test set performances of 0.01 with, and 0.04 without geometric augmentation). Based on the modest performance gains for automatic glioma segmentation we find it hard to justify the computational expense of developing a synthetic image generation pipeline. Future work may seek to optimize the efficiency of synthetic data generation for augmentation of neuroimaging data."
4222,brain tumour,39006993,Chemo-resistant Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia and the Use of Immunotherapy: A Case Report and Review of Literature.,"This is the first reported case of the use of immunotherapy in chemo-resistant Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia (GTN) in the country. A 41-year-old, Gravida 4 Para 3 (3013) with a diagnosis of GTN, Stage III: WHO risk score of 13 (Choriocarcinoma) was initially managed with 10 cycles of multiple agent Etoposide, Methotrexate, Actinomycin D-Cyclophosphomide and Vincristine (EMACO) and 19 cycles of Etoposide, Cisplatin-Etoposide Methotrexate and Actinomycin D (EP-EMA). With continuous rise in beta human chorionic gonadotropin (ßhCG) levels, the patient was referred to a Trophoblastic Disease Center where there was note of tumor progression to the brain. She was started on third-line salvage chemotherapy of Paclitaxel and Carboplatin (PC) with concomitant whole brain irradiation completing three cycles after which chemoresistance was again diagnosed with increasing hCG titers and increase in the number and size of the pulmonary masses which were deemed unresectable. Immunotherapy was started with Pembrolizumab showing a good response with marked fall in ßhCG levels. The onset of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) caused a marked delay in subsequent cycles of immunotherapy. With management of the irAEs, two more cycles of Pembrolizumab with fifty percent dose reduction were given with corresponding drop in ßhCG levels. However, the patient subsequently developed gram-negative septicemia with possible hematologic malignancy and finally succumbed to massive pulmonary embolism. The case highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and referral to a Trophoblastic Disease Center and the use of immunotherapy in chemo-resistant GTN."
4223,brain tumour,39006974,PI3K/AKT and STAT3 pathways mediate the neuroprotective effect of dasatinib from acute cerebral injury in endotoxemic mice.,"Sepsis induces brain dysfunction and there is still a requirement for an unemployed viable restorative approach. This study aimed to investigate the role of dasatinib in the modulation of proinflammatory mediators, attenuating neuroinflammatory response, and it's signaling pathway during endotoxemia."
4224,brain tumour,39006906,Emerging applications of hypomethylating agents in the treatment of glioblastoma (Review).,"DNA hypomethylating agents (HMAs) such as decitabine and 5-azacytidine have established roles in the treatment paradigms for myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia, where they are considered to exert their anticancer effects by restoring the expression of tumor suppressor genes. Due to their relatively favorable adverse effect profile and known ability to pass through the blood-brain barrier, applications in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) and other central nervous system malignancies are under active investigation. The present review examines the types of HMAs currently available, their known and less-understood antineoplastic mechanisms, and the evidence to date of their preclinical and clinical efficacy in glioblastoma and other solid malignancies. The present review discusses the potential synergies HMAs may have with established and emerging GBM treatments, including temozolomide, immune checkpoint inhibitors and cancer vaccines. Recent successes and setbacks in clinical trials for newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM are summarized in order to highlight opportunities for HMAs to improve therapeutic responses. Challenges for future clinical trials are also assessed."
4225,brain tumour,39006708,Intraoperative Ultrasound: An Old but Ever New Technology for a More Personalized Approach to Brain Tumor Surgery.,"Although the use of transcranial ultrasound dates to the mid-20th century, the main purpose of this research work is to standardize its use in the resection of brain tumors. This is due to its wide availability, low cost, lack of contraindications, and absence of harmful effects for the patient and medical staff, along with the possibility of real-time verification of the complete resection of tumor lesions and minimization of vascular injuries or damage to adjacent structures."
4226,brain tumour,39006527,Burnout and career satisfaction in young neuro-oncology investigators: Results of the Society for Neuro-Oncology Young Investigator Survey.,"Burnout is a syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a reduced sense of accomplishment, which commonly arises from chronic workplace stress in the medical field. Given the higher risk of burnout in younger age groups reported in some studies, the Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) Young Investigator (YI) and Wellness Committees combined efforts to examine burnout in the SNO YI membership to better understand and address their needs."
4227,brain tumour,39006522,Patterns of care and survival in patients with multifocal glioblastoma: A Danish cohort study.,"This Danish cohort study aims to (1) compare patterns of care (POC) and survival of patients with multifocal glioblastoma (mGBM) to those with unifocal glioblastoma (uGBM), and (2) explore the association of patient-related factors with treatment assignment and prognosis, respectively, in the subgroup of mGBM patients."
4228,brain tumour,39006521,Inequalities in access to neuro-oncology supportive care and rehabilitation: A survey of healthcare professionals' perspectives.,"Neuro-oncology patients and caregivers should have equitable access to rehabilitation, supportive-, and palliative care. To investigate existing issues and potential solutions, we surveyed neuro-oncology professionals to explore current barriers and facilitators to screening patients' needs and referral to services."
4229,brain tumour,39006481,Excess endocrine growth hormone in acromegaly promotes the aggressiveness and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer.,"Pituitary adenoma-induced excess endocrine growth hormone (GH) secretion can lead to breast cancer development and metastasis. Herein, we used an acromegaly mouse model to investigate the role of excess endocrine GH on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) growth and metastasis. Additionally, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of transcription factor 20 (TCF20)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling-mediated aggressiveness and metastasis of TNBC. Excess endocrine GH induced TCF20 activates the transcription of "
4230,brain tumour,39006452,Anti‑epileptic mechanism of isopimaric acid from ,
4231,brain tumour,39006302,Development and validation of nomograms for predicting survival in small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases: a SEER population-based analysis.,To develop prognostic nomograms for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) probabilities in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients with brain metastasis (BM).
4232,brain tumour,39006162,Prediction of WHO grade and methylation class of aggressive meningiomas: Extraction of diagnostic information from infrared spectroscopic data.,"Infrared (IR) spectroscopy allows intraoperative, optical brain tumor diagnosis. Here, we explored it as a translational technology for the identification of aggressive meningioma types according to both, the WHO CNS grading system and the methylation classes (MC)."
4233,brain tumour,39006075,Efficacy of Whole-Brain Radiotherapy Plus Simultaneous Integrated Boost (SIB-WBRT) for Lung Cancer Brain Metastases.,
4234,brain tumour,39006067,Nanotechnology as a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas.,"Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS), and is characterized by high aggressiveness and a high recurrence rate. Currently, the main treatments for gliomas include surgical resection, temozolomide chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, the prognosis of glioma patients after active standardized treatment is still poor, especially for glioblastoma (GBM); the median survival is still only 14.6 months, and the 5-year survival rate is only 4-5%. The current challenges in glioma treatment include difficulty in complete surgical resection, poor blood‒brain barrier (BBB) drug permeability, therapeutic resistance, and difficulty in tumor-specific targeting. In recent years, the rapid development of nanotechnology has provided new directions for diagnosing and treating gliomas. Nanoparticles (NPs) are characterized by excellent surface tunability, precise targeting, excellent biocompatibility, and high safety. In addition, NPs can be used for gene therapy, photodynamic therapy, and antiangiogenic therapy and can be combined with biomaterials for thermotherapy. In recent decades, breakthroughs in diagnosing and treating gliomas have been made with various functional NPs, and NPs are expected to become a new strategy for glioma diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, we review the main obstacles in the treatment of glioma and discuss the potential and challenges of the latest nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of glioma."
4235,brain tumour,39006026,Pan-cancer analysis identifies olfactory receptor family 7 subfamily A member 5 as a potential biomarker for glioma.,"Human olfactory receptors (ORs) account for approximately 60% of all human G protein-coupled receptors. The functions of ORs extend beyond olfactory perception and have garnered significant attention in tumor biology. However, a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of ORs in human cancers is lacking."
4236,brain tumour,39005342,Microglia Morphological Response to Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Extracellular Vesicles Demonstrates EV Therapeutic Potential for Modulating Neuroinflammation.,"Mesenchymal stromal cell derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are a promising therapeutic for neuroinflammation. MSC-EVs can interact with microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, to exert their immunomodulatory effects. In response to inflammatory cues, such as cytokines, microglia undergo phenotypic changes indicative of their function e.g. morphology and secretion. However, these changes in response to MSC-EVs are not well understood. Additionally, no disease-relevant screening tools to assess MSC-EV bioactivity exist, which has further impeded clinical translation. Here, we developed a quantitative, high throughput morphological profiling approach to assess the response of microglia to neuroinflammation-relevant signals and whether this morphological response can be used to indicate the bioactivity of MSC-EVs."
4237,brain tumour,39005315,spatialGE: A user-friendly web application to democratize spatial transcriptomics analysis.,"Spatial transcriptomics (ST) is a powerful tool for understanding tissue biology and disease mechanisms. However, its potential is often underutilized due to the advanced data analysis and programming skills required. To address this, we present spatialGE, a web application that simplifies the analysis of ST data. The application spatialGE provides a user-friendly interface that guides users without programming expertise through various analysis pipelines, including quality control, normalization, domain detection, phenotyping, and multiple spatial analyses. It also enables comparative analysis among samples and supports various ST technologies. We demonstrate the utility of spatialGE through its application in studying the tumor microenvironment of melanoma brain metastasis and Merkel cell carcinoma. Our results highlight the ability of spatialGE to identify spatial gene expression patterns and enrichments, providing valuable insights into the tumor microenvironment and its utility in democratizing ST data analysis for the wider scientific community."
4238,brain tumour,39005286,Complement C5a receptor 1 blockade reverses cognitive deficits following cranial radiation therapy for brain cancer.,"Cranial radiation therapy (RT) for brain cancers leads to an irreversible decline in cognitive function without an available remedy. Radiation-induced cognitive deficits (RICD) are particularly a pressing problem for the survivors of pediatric and low grade glioma (LGG) patients who often live long post-RT. Radiation-induced elevated neuroinflammation and gliosis, triggered by the detrimental CNS complement cascade, lead to excessive synaptic and cognitive loss. Using intact and brain cancer-bearing mouse models, we now show that targeting anaphylatoxin complement C5a receptor (C5aR1) is neuroprotective against RICD. We used a genetic knockout, C5aR1 KO mouse, and a pharmacologic approach, employing the orally active, brain penetrant C5aR1 antagonist PMX205, to reverse RICD. Irradiated C5aR1 KO and WT mice receiving PMX205 showed significant neurocognitive improvements in object recognition memory and memory consolidation tasks. C5aR1 inhibition reduced microglial activation, astrogliosis, and synaptic loss in the irradiated brain. Importantly, C5aR1 inhibition in the syngeneic, orthotopic astrocytoma, and glioblastoma-bearing mice protected against RICD without interfering with the therapeutic efficacy of RT to reduce tumor volume "
4239,brain tumour,39005282,Immune Checkpoint Inhibition-related Neuroinflammation Disrupts Cognitive Function.,"Combinatorial blockade of Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) significantly improve the progression-free survival of individuals with metastatic cancers, including melanoma. In addition to unleashing anti-tumor immunity, combination immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) disrupts immune-regulatory networks critical for maintaining homeostasis in various tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). Although ICI- and cancer-related cognitive impairments (CRCI) in survivors are increasingly becoming evident, our understanding of ICI-induced immune-related adverse effects (IREA) in the CNS remains incomplete. Here, our murine melanoma model reveals that combination ICI impairs hippocampal-dependent learning and memory, as well as memory consolidation processes. Mechanistically, combination ICI disrupted synaptic integrity, and neuronal plasticity, reduced myelin, and further predisposed CNS for exaggerated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Combination ICI substantially altered both lymphoid and myeloid cells in the CNS. Neurogenesis was unaffected, however, microglial activation persisted for two-months post- ICI, concurrently with cognitive deficits, which parallels clinical observations in survivors. Overall, our results demonstrate that blockade of CTLA-4 and PD-1 alters neuro-immune homeostasis and activates microglia, promoting long-term neurodegeneration and driving cognitive impairments. Therefore, limiting microglial activation is a potential avenue to mitigate CNS IRAE while maintaining the therapeutic benefits of rapidly evolving ICIs and their combinations."
4240,brain tumour,39005191,Diagnostic accuracy and radiological validation of intracerebral hemorrhage diagnosis in the Swedish Stroke Register (Riksstroke).,"National quality registries for stroke care operate under the assumption that the included patients are correctly diagnosed. We aimed to validate the clinical diagnosis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in Riksstroke (RS) by evaluating radiological data from a large, unselected ICH population."
4241,brain tumour,39004865,Study of tree shrew biology and models: A booming and prosperous field for biomedical research.,The tree shrew ( 
4242,brain tumour,39004713,Giant cell granuloma and neurofibroma in the mandible of a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1: a long-term follow-up case report with radiological and surgical aspects and a review of the literature.,"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is frequently performed on patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), to detect and follow-up intracranial findings. In addition, NF1-related pathologies can appear in the jaws. This case study investigates if it is advantageous to assess the depicted parts of the jaws in the imaging of NF1 patients with intracranial findings, thereby detecting jaw pathologies in their initial stages."
4243,brain tumour,39004410,Amelioration of propionic acid-induced autism spectrum disorder in rats through dapagliflozin: The role of IGF-1/IGFBP-3 and the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway.,"The biological effects of dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, reveal its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting therapeutic benefits beyond glycemic control. This study explores the neuroprotective effects of dapagliflozin in a rat model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) induced by propionic acid (PPA), characterized by social interaction deficits, communication challenges, repetitive behaviors, cognitive impairments, and oxidative stress. Our research aims to find effective treatments for ASD, a condition with limited therapeutic options and significant impacts on individuals and families. PPA induces ASD-like symptoms in rodents, mimicking biochemical and behavioral features of human ASD. This study explores dapagliflozin's potential to mitigate these symptoms, providing insights into novel therapeutic avenues. The findings demonstrate that dapagliflozin enhances the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant pathway and increases levels of neurotrophic and growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). Additionally, dapagliflozin reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-17 (IL-17), and decreases the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA). Dapagliflozin's antioxidant properties support cognitive functions by modulating apoptotic mechanisms and enhancing antioxidant capacity. These combined effects contribute to reducing learning and memory impairments in PPA-induced ASD, highlighting dapagliflozin's potential as an adjunctive therapy for oxidative stress and inflammation-related cognitive decline in ASD. This study underscores the importance of exploring new therapeutic strategies targeting molecular pathways involved in the pathophysiology of ASD, potentially improving the quality of life for individuals affected by this disorder."
4244,brain tumour,39004176,Glycemia and Coagulation in Patients with Glioblastomas.,"Glioblastomas are among the most malignant tumors which, despite aggressive treatment, currently have an abysmal prognosis. These lesions are known to cause local and systemic perturbations in the coagulation system, leading to neoangiogenesis and a high risk of venous thromboembolism. Indeed, there have been multiple proposals of the coagulation system being a possible target for future treatment of these patients. However, nonselective anticoagulant therapy has proven suboptimal and leads to a significant increase of intracranial hemorrhage. Thus, recognizing factors that lead to hypercoagulation is considered paramount. Hyperglycemia is a well-known prothrombotic factor, a fact that has received little attention in neuro-oncology. We previously hypothesized that patients with brain tumors could be highly susceptible to iatrogenic glycemia dysregulation. Here, we analyzed the connection between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the routine coagulation markers (D-dimers, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT]) in patients with de novo intracranial glioblastomas."
4245,brain tumour,39004066,Near-infrared II fluorescence-guided glioblastoma surgery targeting monocarboxylate transporter 4 combined with photothermal therapy.,"Surgery is crucial for glioma treatment, but achieving complete tumour removal remains challenging. We evaluated the effectiveness of a probe targeting monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) in recognising gliomas, and of near-infrared window II (NIR-II) fluorescent molecular imaging and photothermal therapy as treatment strategies."
4246,brain tumour,39004011,Sleep oscillations related to memory consolidation during aromatases inhibitors for breast cancer.,"Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are associated with sleep difficulties in breast cancer (BC) patients. Sleep is known to favor memory consolidation through the occurrence of specific oscillations, i.e., slow waves (SW) and sleep spindles, allowing a dialogue between prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. Interestingly, neuroimaging studies in BC patients have consistently shown structural and functional modifications in these two brain regions. With the aim to evaluate sleep oscillations related to memory consolidation during AIs, we collected polysomnography data in BC patients treated (AI+, n = 17) or not (AI-, n = 17) with AIs compared to healthy controls (HC, n = 21). None of the patients had received chemotherapy and radiotherapy was finished since at least 6 months, that limit the confounding effects of other treatments than AIs. Fast and slow spindles were detected during sleep stage 2 at centro-parietal and frontal electrodes respectively. SW were detected at frontal electrodes during stage 3. Here, we show lower frontal SW densities in AI + patients compared to HC. These results concord with previous reports about frontal cortical alterations in cancer following AIs administration. Moreover, AI + patients tended to have lower spindle density at C4 electrode. Regression analyses showed that, in both patient groups, spindle density at C4 electrode explained a large variance of memory performances. Slow spindle characteristics did not differ between groups and sleep oscillations characteristics of AI- patients did not differ significantly from those of both AI + patients and HC. Overall, our results add to the compelling evidence of the systemic effects of AIs previously reported in animals, with deleterious effects on cortical activity during sleep and associated memory consolidation in the current study. There is thus a need to further investigate sleep modifications during AIs administration. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and investigation in other cancers on this topic should be conducted."
4247,brain tumour,39003997,Development and validation of a HPLC method for the determination of chemical and radiochemical purity of O-(2-[,"A novel HPLC method was developed and validated to determine radiochemical identity, radiochemical purity and chemical purity for the analysis of O-(2-["
4248,brain tumour,39003986,Survival of Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder According to Number and Location of Visceral Metastases.,To test the association between number as well as locations of organ-specific metastatic sites and overall survival (OS) in systhemic-therapy exposed metastatic urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder (mUCUB) patients.
4249,brain tumour,39003634,Identification of differential m6A RNA methylomes and ALKBH5 as a potential prevention target in the developmental neurotoxicity induced by multiple sevoflurane exposures.,"Sevoflurane, as a commonly used inhaled anesthetic for pediatric patients, has been reported that multiple sevoflurane exposures are associated with a greater risk of developing neurocognitive disorder. N6-Methyladenosine (m6A), as the most common mRNA modification in eukaryotes, has emerged as a crucial regulator of brain function in processes involving synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, and neurodevelopment. Nevertheless, the relevance of m6A RNA methylation in the multiple sevoflurane exposure-induced developmental neurotoxicity remains mostly elusive. Herein, we evaluated the genome-wide m6A RNA modification and gene expression in hippocampus of mice that received with multiple sevoflurane exposures using m6A-sequencing (m6A-seq) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). We discovered 19 genes with differences in the m6A methylated modification and differential expression in the hippocampus. Among these genes, we determined that a total of nine differential expressed genes may be closely associated with the occurrence of developmental neurotoxicity induced by multiple sevoflurane exposures. We further found that the alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), but not methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) and Wilms tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP), were increased in the hippocampus of mice that received with multiple sevoflurane exposures. And the IOX1, as an inhibitor of ALKBH5, significantly improved the learning and memory defects and reduced neuronal damage in the hippocampus of mice induced by multiple sevoflurane exposures. The current study revealed the role of m6A methylated modification and m6A-related regulators in sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment, which might provide a novel insight into identifying biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for inhaled anesthetic-induced developmental neurotoxicity."
4250,brain tumour,39003464,Carbon-ion radiotherapy alone vs. standard dose photon radiation with carbon-ion radiotherapy boost for high-grade gliomas: a retrospective study.,This study aimed to compare the survival outcome and side effects in patients with primary high-grade glioma (HGG) who received carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) alone or as a boost strategy after photon radiation (photon + CIRT
4251,brain tumour,39003457,Investigating distinct clinical features and constructing a nomogram model for survival probability in adults with cerebellar high-grade gliomas.,"The clinical features of cerebellar high-grade gliomas (cHGGs) in adults have not been thoroughly explored. This large-scale, population-based study aimed to comprehensively outline these traits and construct a predictive model."
4252,brain tumour,39003365,BRAF-mutant mismatch repair deficient invasive colon cancer regressing to sessile serrated lesion.,"A 69-year-old female was presented with a history of sigmoid colon cancer, uterine cancer, and intrahepatic carcinomas. After computed tomography revealed a disseminated nodule located in the peritoneum, colonoscopy demonstrated a rather flat-to-slightly elevated lesion with a depressed area located in the ascending colon. The flat component showed color similar to its surrounding area, and the depressed area showed redness and an expanded appearance. We obtained a biopsy specimen from the depressed area, and microscopic examination revealed well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, which was immunohistochemically positive for BRAF V600E-mutated and PMS2 proteins, and showed loss of MSH2 and MSH6 protein expressions. These findings suggested the lesion to have transformed from a sessile serrated lesion (SSL) to mismatch repair (MMR) deficient colon cancer. The patient underwent surgical removal of the nodule, which interpreted as metastasis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma histopathologically. After postoperative chemotherapy, the follow-up colonoscopy revealed only the flat portion of the lesion without depressed area. Consequently, we performed an endoscopic resection, and microscopic examination confirmed the existence of BRAF V600E-mutated protein-positive and MMR protein-retained SSL without residual carcinoma. This is the first report of BRAF-mutant and MMR-deficient colon cancer, in association with SSL, showing regression."
4253,brain tumour,39003313,"Breast cancer, viruses, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA).","Several viruses have been implicated in breast cancer, including human herpes virus 4 (HHV4), human herpes virus 5 (HHV5), human papilloma virus (HPV), human JC polyoma virus (JCV), human endogenous retrovirus group K (HERVK), bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is involved in virus elimination and has been shown to influence breast cancer protection/susceptibility. Here we investigated the hypothesis that the contribution of a virus to development of breast cancer would depend on the presence of the virus, which, in turn, would be inversely related to the success of its elimination. For that purpose, we estimated in silico predicted binding affinities (PBA) of proteins of the 7 viruses above to 127 common HLA alleles (69 Class I [HLA-I] and 58 Class II HLA-II]) and investigated the association of these binding affinities to the breast cancer-HLA (BC-HLA) immunogenetic profile of the same alleles. Using hierarchical tree clustering, we found that, for HLA-I, viruses BLV, JCV and MMTV were grouped with the BC-HLA, whereas, for HLA-II, viruses BLV, HERVK, HPV, JCV, and MMTV were grouped with BC-HLA. Finally, for both HLA classes, the average PBAs of the viruses grouped with the BC-HLA profile were significantly lower than those of the other, non BC-HLA associated viruses. Assuming that low PBAs are likely associated with slower viral elimination, these findings support the hypothesis that a defective/slower elimination and, hence, longer persistence and inefficient/delayed production of antibodies against them underlies the observed association of the low-PBA group with breast cancer."
4254,brain tumour,39003304,"Design and experimental validation of a metamaterial-based sensor for microwave imaging in breast, lung, and brain cancer detection.","This study proposes an innovative geometry of a microstrip sensor for high-resolution microwave imaging (MWI). The main intended application of the sensor is early detection of breast, lung, and brain cancer. The proposed design consists of a microstrip patch antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide with a metamaterial (MTM) layer-based lens implemented on the back side, and an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) realized on as a separate layer. The analysis of the AMC's permeability and permittivity demonstrate that the structure exhibits negative epsilon (ENG) qualities near the antenna resonance point. In addition, reflectivity, transmittance, and absorption are also studied. The sensor prototype has been manufactures using the FR4 laminate. Excellent electrical and field characteristics of the structure are confirmed through experimental validation. At the resonance frequency of 4.56 GHz, the realized gain reaches 8.5 dBi, with 3.8 dBi gain enhancement contributed by the AMC. The suitability of the presented sensor for detecting brain tumors, lung cancer, and breast cancer has been corroborated through extensive simulation-based experiments performed using the MWI system model, which employs four copies of the proposed sensor, as well as the breast, lung, and brain phantoms. As demonstrated, the directional radiation pattern and enhanced gain of the sensor enable precise tumor size discrimination. The proposed sensor offers competitive performance in comparison the state-of-the-art sensors described in the recent literature, especially with respect to as gain, pattern directivity, and impedance matching, all being critical for MWI."
4255,brain tumour,39003252,Preclinical and clinical advances to overcome hypoxia in glioblastoma multiforme.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common adult primary brain tumor. The standard clinical treatment of GBM includes a maximal surgical resection followed by concomitant radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy sessions with Temozolomide (TMZ) in addition to adjuvant TMZ cycles. Despite the severity of this protocol, GBM is highly resistant and recurs in almost all cases while the protocol remains unchanged since 2005. Limited-diffusion or chronic hypoxia has been identified as one of the major key players driving this aggressive phenotype. The presence of hypoxia within the tumor bulk contributes to the activation of hypoxia signaling pathway mediated by the hypoxia-inducing factors (HIFs), which in turn activate biological mechanisms to ensure the adaptation and survival of GBM under limited oxygen and nutrient supply. Activated downstream pathways are involved in maintaining stem cell-like phenotype, inducing mesenchymal shift, invasion, and migration, altering the cellular and oxygen metabolism, and increasing angiogenesis, autophagy, and immunosuppression. Therefore, in this review will discuss the recent preclinical and clinical approaches that aim at targeting tumor hypoxia to enhance the response of GBM to conventional therapies along with their results and limitations upon clinical translation."
4256,brain tumour,39003126,Exploring Memory Systems After Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumor: From Memory Profile Comparisons in Nonirradiated Versus Irradiated Patients to Episodic Memory Tests Capable of Detecting Radiation-induced Hippocampal Damage.,"Pediatric posterior fossa tumor (PFT) survivors experience long-term cognitive sequelae, including memory disorders, for which irradiation is one of the main risk factors. The aims of the present study were to (1) explore the profile of impairment in episodic, semantic, working and procedural memory systems in irradiated versus nonirradiated PFT survivors, and (2) test whether an autobiographical questionnaire and a two-phase ecological test (Epireal) assessing episodic memory are more sensitive to radiation-induced hippocampal damage than commonly used tests."
4257,brain tumour,39002791,Effect of sub-acute exposure of metal-organic framework-199 on cognitive function and oxidative stress level of brain tissue in rat.,"Metal-Organic Framework-199 (MOF-199) is a subgroup of MOFs that is utilized in different medical fields such as drug delivery. In the current study, the effect of sub-acute exposure to MOF-199 on spatial memory, working memory, inflammatory mediators' expression, and oxidative stress level of brain tissue has been investigated. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as vehicle, MOF-199 at doses 0.3, 3, or 6 mg/kg. After four injections of relevant interventions via tail vein during 14 days, behavioral parameters were investigated using Y-maze and Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests. Oxidative stress was measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and thiobarbituric acid-reacting substance (TBARS) tests. The expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were assessed by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). No significant differences were observed in working memory, spatial learning and memory of MOF-199 receiving rats. Additionally, the level of oxidative stress and inflammatory genes expression were not remarkably changed in the brain tissues of MOF-199 treated rats. Despite the lack of remarkable toxic effects of sub-acute exposure to MOF-199, more studies with a longer duration of administration are necessary to use this substance for drug delivery systems in diseases related to the nervous system."
4258,brain tumour,39002523,TIM-3/CD68 double-high expression in Glioma: Prognostic characteristics and potential therapeutic approaches.,"Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of various types of tumors, but there has been no breakthrough in the treatment of gliomas. The aim of this study is to discover valuable immunotherapy target in glioma, analyze its expression in glioma and the related microenvironment, explore potential immunotherapy strategies, and propose new possibilities for the treatment of gliomas."
4259,brain tumour,39002514,Design and bio-evaluation of novel millepachine derivatives targeting tubulin colchicine binding site for treatment of osteosarcoma.,"Microtubules are recognized as an appealing target for cancer treatment. We designed and synthesized of novel tubulin colchicine binding site inhibitors based on millepachine. Biological evaluation revealed compound 5h exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against osteosarcoma cell U2OS and MG-63. And compound 5h also remarkably inhibited tubulin polymerization. Further investigations indicated compound 5h not only arrest U2OS cells cycle at the G2/M phases, but also induced U2OS cells apoptosis in dose-dependent manners. Moreover, compound 5h was verified to inhibit cell migration and angiogenesis of HUVECs, induce mitochondrial membrane potential decreased and promoted the elevation of ROS levels. Furthermore, compound 5h exhibited remarkable effects on tumor growth in vivo, and the TGI rate was up to 84.94 % at a dose of 20 mg/kg without obvious toxicity. These results indicated that 5h may be an appealing tubulin inhibitor for treatment of osteosarcoma."
4260,brain tumour,39002410,Symptom network and quality of life of breast cancer patients receiving multimodal cancer treatment: Cross-sectional study.,"Breast cancer patients experience symptoms and side effects from multimodal treatments, which often include menopausal symptoms resulting from cytotoxic chemotherapy or estrogen suppression therapy. This study aimed to explore the symptom network and clusters and its relationship to quality of life (QoL) in breast cancer patients who receive multimodal cancer treatment and experience treatment-related menopausal symptoms."
4261,brain tumour,39002028,Stereotactic radiosurgery versus combined stereotactic radiosurgery and bevacizumab for recurrent glioblastoma; a systematic review and meta-analysis of survival.,"Recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) is a brain tumor that is resistant to standard treatments. Although stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a non-invasive radiation technique, it cannot fully prevent tumor recurrence and progression. Bevacizumab blocks tumor blood supply and has been approved for rGBM. However, the best way to combine SRS and bevacizumab is still unclear. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing SRS alone and SRS plus bevacizumab for rGBM. We searched three databases for articles published until June 2023. All statistical analysis was performed by STATA v.17. Our meta-analysis included 20 studies with 926 patients. We found that the combination therapy had a significantly lower rate of overall survival (OS) than SRS alone at 6-month 0.77[95%CI:0.74-0.85] for SRS alone and (100%) for SRS plus bevacizumab. At 1-year OS, 0.39 [95%CI: 0.32-0.47] for SRS alone and 0.61 [95%CI:0.44-0.77] for SRS plus bevacizumab (P-value:0.02). However, this advantage was not seen in the long term (18 months and two years). Additionally, the combination therapy had lower chances of progression-free survival (PFS) than SRS alone at the 6-month and 1-year time points, but the differences were insignificant. Our study indicates that incorporating bevacizumab with SRS may lead to a short-term increase in OS for rGBM patients but not long-term. Additionally, the PFS rate did not show significant improvement in the group receiving combination therapy. Further clinical trials are necessary to validate the enhanced overall survival with combination therapy for rGBM."
4262,brain tumour,39002027,Oligodendroglioma: a neurological perspective in Sub-saharan Africa.,"Gliomas are a kind of brain cancer that develops from glial cells. Glial cells provide nourishment and energy to nerve cells, and they also preserve the blood-brain barrier. A primary cancer of the central nervous system (CNS) is oligodendroglioma. This suggests that it originates in the brain or spinal cord. While oligodendrogliomas can strike anyone at any age, the age range of 35 to 44 is when they most commonly occur. Oligodendrogliomas are rare in young people and more common in men than women. Based on anecdotal data, patients with oligodendroglioma may present management challenges in Africa. There are delays in diagnosis and referrals due to the scarcity of neuroimaging facilities. A wide range of strategies have been put forth to improve pathology services in low- and middle-income nations. Adequate mentorship, short-term visitor programs, overcoming supply chain constraints, establishing training standards, and establishing the role of pathologists in cancer screening and early diagnosis have all been proposed as solutions to this problem. To sum up, oligodendroglioma is one of the low-grade gliomas this study looked at. Brain cancer is a serious public health concern in Africa. Improved options for screening and therapy are required to better address this problem."
4263,brain tumour,39002025,Letter to the editor: Butterfly gliomas: a time for stratified management?,No abstract found
4264,brain tumour,39001840,Direct and Rapid Visualization of the Spatial Distribution of Cholesterol in Alzheimer's and Cancer Tissue via MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging.,"Cholesterol is a vital component of the central nervous system and tissues, and understanding its spatial distribution is crucial for biology, pathophysiology, and diagnostics. However, direct imaging of cholesterol using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) remains challenging and time-consuming due to the difficulty in ionizing the sterol molecule. To tackle this issue, a MALDI-MSI method is established for direct and rapid analysis of the spatial distribution of cholesterol in Alzheimer's disease (AD), different cancer tissues and organs via MALDI-MSI. This excellent imaging performance depends on the study and systemic optimization of various conditions that affect the imaging of MALDI-MSI. In this case, we report the distribution and levels of cholesterol across specific structures of the AD mouse brain and different tumor tissue and organs. According to the results, the content of cholesterol in the AD mouse cerebellum, especially in the arborvitae, was significantly higher than that in the wild type (WT) model. Furthermore, we successfully visualize the distribution of cholesterol in other organs, such as the heart, liver, spleen, kidney, pancreas, as well as tumor tissues parenchyma and interstitium using MALDI-MSI. Notably, the attribution of cholesterol MS/MS hydrocarbon fragments was systematically investigated. Our presented optimization strategy and established MALDI-MSI method can be easily generalized for different animal tissues or live samples, thereby facilitating the potential for applications of MALDI-MSI in clinical, medical and biological research."
4265,brain tumour,39001719,Memantine to Reduce Cognitive Impairment After Radiation in Children: A Pilot Study Evaluating the Feasibility of Memantine in Reducing Cognitive Impairment in Pediatric Patients after Radiation Therapy for Central Nervous System Tumors.,"Memantine is standard in certain adults receiving brain radiation therapy (RT) to decrease cognitive impacts, but it is unknown whether pediatric patients can take, tolerate, and/or benefit from memantine. In this prospective single-arm feasibility study, we hypothesized that pediatric patients receiving central nervous system (CNS) RT would tolerate memantine with good adherence."
4266,brain tumour,39001600,Controlled Study of Pre- and Postoperative Headache in Patients with Sellar Masses (HEADs-uP Study).,Sellar masses are common intracranial neoplasms. Their clinical manifestations vary widely and include headache. We aimed to determine whether the prevalence and characteristics of headache in patients with sellar tumours differ from the general population and to investigate the effect of tumour resection on this complaint.
4267,brain tumour,39001528,New Frontiers in the Treatment of Patients with HER2+ Cancer and Brain Metastases: Is Radiotherapy Always Useful?,"Brain metastases (BM) pose a significant challenge in the management of HER2+ breast cancer since almost 50% of patients with HER2+ breast cancer develop brain tumors. The complex process of brain metastases involves genetic mutations, adaptations and mechanisms to overcome the blood-brain barrier. While radiotherapy is still fundamental in local therapy, its use is associated with cognitive adverse effects and limited long-term control, necessitating the exploration of alternative treatments. Targeted therapies, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates, offer promising options for HER2+ breast cancer patients with BM. Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of these agents in controlling tumor growth and improving patient outcomes, posing the question of whether radiotherapy is always the unique choice in treating this cancer. Ongoing research into novel anti-HER2 antibodies and innovative combination therapies holds promise for advancing treatment outcomes and enhancing patient care in this clinical scenario. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of traditional medical treatments, molecularly targeted therapy and investigational agents in the management of HER2+ breast cancer with BM, highlighting the evolving landscape and potential future directions in treatment strategies to improve patient survival and quality of life."
4268,brain tumour,39001500,The Use of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values for Differentiating Bevacizumab-Related Cytotoxicity from Tumor Recurrence and Radiation Necrosis in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most common primary invasive neoplasms of the brain. Distinguishing between lesion recurrence and different types of treatment related changes in patients with GBM remains challenging using conventional MRI imaging techniques. Therefore, accurate and precise differentiation between true progression or pseudoresponse is crucial in deciding on the appropriate course of treatment. This retrospective study investigated the potential of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map values derived from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) as a noninvasive method to increase diagnostic accuracy in treatment response."
4269,brain tumour,39001433,Brain Metastases from Thyroid Carcinoma: Prognostic Factors and Outcomes.,"Intracranial metastases from thyroid cancer are rare. Although the prognosis of thyroid cancer patients is generally favorable, the prognosis of patients with intracranial metastases from thyroid cancer has been considered unfavorable owing to lower survival rates among such patients compared to those without intracranial involvement. Many questions about their management remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to analyze the characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes of patients with brain metastases from thyroid cancer. Among 4320 patients with thyroid cancer recorded in our institutional database over a 30-year period, the data of 20 patients with brain metastasis were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The clinical characteristics, histological type of primary cancer and metastatic brain tumor, additional previous distant metastasis, treatment modalities, locations and characteristics on radiologic findings, time interval between the first diagnosis of primary thyroid cancer and brain metastasis, and survival were analyzed. Among our patient cohort, the mean age at initial diagnosis was 59.3 ± 14.1 years, and at the manifestation of diagnosis of cerebral metastasis, the mean age was found to be 64.8 ± 14.9 years. The histological types of primary thyroid cancer were identified as papillary in ten patients, follicular in seven, and poorly differentiated carcinoma in three. The average interval between the diagnosis of thyroid cancer and brain metastasis was 63.4 ± 58.4 months (range: 0-180 months). Ten patients were identified as having a single intracranial lesion, and ten patients were found to have multiple lesions. Surgical resection was primarily performed in fifteen patients, and whole-brain radiotherapy, radiotherapy, or tyrosine kinase inhibitors were applied in the remaining five patients. The overall median survival time was 15 months after the diagnosis of BMs from TC (range: 1-252 months). Patients with thyroid cancer can develop brain metastasis even many years after the diagnosis of the primary tumor. The results of our study demonstrate increased overall survival in patients younger than 60 years of age at the time of diagnosis of brain metastasis. There was no difference in survival between patients with brain metastasis from papillary carcinoma and those with follicular thyroid carcinoma."
4270,brain tumour,39001398,Variances in the Expression Profile of Circadian Clock-Related Genes in Astrocytic Brain Tumors.,"This study explores the role of circadian clock genes in the progression of astrocytic tumors, a prevalent type of brain tumor. The aim was to assess the expression patterns of these genes in relation to the tumor grade. Using microarray analysis, qRT-PCR, and methylation-specific PCR, we examined gene expression, DNA methylation patterns, and microRNA interactions in tumor samples from 60 patients. Our results indicate that the expression of key circadian clock genes, such as clock circadian regulator "
4271,brain tumour,39001381,Pro-Oxidant Auranofin and Glutathione-Depleting Combination Unveils Synergistic Lethality in Glioblastoma Cells with Aberrant Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression.,Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and advanced malignant primary brain tumor in adults. GBM frequently harbors epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild-type (
4272,brain tumour,39001264,Diagnosing Progression in Glioblastoma-Tackling a Neuro-Oncology Problem Using Artificial-Intelligence-Derived Volumetric Change over Time on Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Examine Progression-Free Survival in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and the most common primary brain tumor, defined by nearly uniform rapid progression despite the current standard of care involving maximal surgical resection followed by radiation therapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) or concurrent chemoirradiation (CRT), with an overall survival (OS) of less than 30% at 2 years. The diagnosis of tumor progression in the clinic is based on clinical assessment and the interpretation of MRI of the brain using Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria, which suffers from several limitations including a paucity of precise measures of progression. Given that imaging is the primary modality that generates the most quantitative data capable of capturing change over time in the standard of care for GBM, this renders it pivotal in optimizing and advancing response criteria, particularly given the lack of biomarkers in this space. In this study, we employed artificial intelligence (AI)-derived MRI volumetric parameters using the segmentation mask output of the nnU-Net to arrive at four classes (background, edema, non-contrast enhancing tumor (NET), and contrast-enhancing tumor (CET)) to determine if dynamic changes in AI volumes detected throughout therapy can be linked to PFS and clinical features. We identified associations between MR imaging AI-generated volumes and PFS independently of tumor location, MGMT methylation status, and the extent of resection while validating that CET and edema are the most linked to PFS with patient subpopulations separated by district rates of change throughout the disease. The current study provides valuable insights for risk stratification, future RT treatment planning, and treatment monitoring in neuro-oncology."
4273,brain tumour,39000543,Exploring the Regulation of Cytochrome P450 in SH-SY5Y Cells: Implications for the Onset of Neurodegenerative Diseases.,"Human individual differences in brain cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism, including induction, inhibition, and genetic variation, may influence brain sensitivity to neurotoxins and thus participate in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the modulation of CYPs in neuronal cells. The experimental approach was focused on differentiating human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells into a phenotype resembling mature dopamine neurons and investigating the effects of specific CYP isoform induction. The results demonstrated that the differentiation protocols using retinoic acid followed by phorbol esters or brain-derived neurotrophic factor successfully generated SH-SY5Y cells with morphological neuronal characteristics and increased neuronal markers (NeuN, synaptophysin, β-tubulin III, and MAO-B). qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that expression of the CYP 1A1, 3A4, 2D6, and 2E1 isoforms was detectable in undifferentiated cells, with subsequent increases in CYP 2E1, 2D6, and 1A1 following differentiation. Further increases in the 1A1, 2D6, and 2E1 isoforms following β-naphthoflavone treatment and 1A1 and 2D6 isoforms following ethanol treatment were evident. These results demonstrate that CYP isoforms can be modulated in SH-SY5Y cells and suggest their potential as an experimental model to investigate the role of CYPs in neuronal processes involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases."
4274,brain tumour,39000485,Photophysical Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of α-Mangostin-Loaded HDL Mimetic Nano-Complex in LN-229 Glioblastoma Spheroid Model.,"Cytotoxic activity has been reported for the xanthone α-mangostin (AMN) against Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an aggressive malignant brain cancer with a poor prognosis. Recognizing that AMN's high degree of hydrophobicity is likely to limit its systemic administration, we formulated AMN using reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) nanoparticles. The photophysical characteristics of the formulation, including fluorescence lifetime and steady-state anisotropy, indicated that AMN was successfully incorporated into the rHDL nanoparticles. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the fluorescent characteristics of AMN with an HDL-based drug carrier. Cytotoxicity studies in a 2D culture and 3D spheroid model of LN-229 GBM cells and normal human astrocytes showed an enhanced therapeutic index with the rHDL-AMN formulation compared to the unincorporated AMN and Temozolomide, a standard GBM chemotherapy agent. Furthermore, treatment with the rHDL-AMN facilitated a dose-dependent upregulation of autophagy and reactive oxygen species generation to a greater extent in LN-229 cells compared to astrocytes, indicating the reduced off-target toxicity of this novel formulation. These studies indicate the potential therapeutic benefits to GBM patients via selective targeting using the rHDL-AMN formulation."
4275,brain tumour,39000311,Oncolytic Activity of Sindbis Virus with the Help of GM-CSF in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.,"Hepatocellular carcinoma is a refractory tumor with poor prognosis and high mortality. Many oncolytic viruses are currently being investigated for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Based on previous studies, we constructed a recombinant GM-CSF-carrying Sindbis virus, named SINV-GM-CSF, which contains a mutation (G to S) at amino acid 285 in the nsp1 protein of the viral vector. The potential of this mutated vector for liver cancer therapy was verified at the cellular level and in vivo, respectively, and the changes in the tumor microenvironment after treatment were also described. The results showed that the Sindbis virus could effectively infect hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and induce cell death. Furthermore, the addition of GM-CSF enhanced the tumor-killing effect of the Sindbis virus and increased the number of immune cells in the intra-tumor microenvironment during the treatment. In particular, SINV-GM-CSF was able to efficiently kill tumors in a mouse tumor model of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating the elevation of M1-type macrophages (which have a tumor-resistant ability) and the decrease in M2-type macrophages (which have a tumor-promoting capacity). Overall, SINV-GM-CSF is an attractive vector platform with clinical potential for use as a safe and effective oncolytic virus."
4276,brain tumour,39000281,CAR-T Cells Therapy in Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review on Molecular Targets and Treatment Strategies.,"The most common primary brain tumor is glioblastoma (GBM), yet the current therapeutic options for this disease are not promising. Although immunotherapeutic techniques have shown poor success in GBM thus far despite efforts, new developments provide optimism. One of these developments is chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell treatment, which includes removing and genetically modifying autologous T cells to produce a receptor that targets a GBM antigen before reintroducing the cells into the patient's body. A number of preclinical studies have produced encouraging results, which have led to the start of clinical trials assessing these CAR-T cell treatments for GBM and other brain tumors. Although results in tumors such as diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas and lymphomas have been promising, preliminary findings in GBM have not produced any clinical benefits. The paucity of particular antigens in GBM, their inconsistent expression patterns, and the possible immunoediting-induced loss of these antigens after antigen-targeted therapy are some possible causes for this discrepancy. The goal of this systematic literature review is to assess potential approaches for creating CAR-T cells that are more effective for this indication, as well as the clinical experiences that are already being had with CAR-T cell therapy in GBM. Up until 9 May 2024, a thorough search was carried out across the three main medical databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Relevant Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and keywords associated with ""glioblastoma"", ""CAR-T"", ""T cell therapy"", ""overall survival"", and ""progression free survival"" were employed in the search approach. Preclinical and clinical research on the application of CAR-T cells as a therapeutic approach for GBM are included in the review. A total of 838 papers were identified. Of these, 379 articles were assessed for eligibility, resulting in 8 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. The included studies were conducted between 2015 and 2023, with a total of 151 patients enrolled. The studies varied in CAR-T cell types. EGFRvIII CAR-T cells were the most frequently investigated, used in three studies (37.5%). Intravenous delivery was the most common method of delivery (62.5%). Median OS ranged from 5.5 to 11.1 months across the studies. PFS was reported in only two studies, with values of 7.5 months and 1.3 months. This systematic review highlights the evolving research on CAR-T cell therapy for GBM, emphasizing its potential despite challenges. Targeting antigens like EGFRvIII and IL13Rα2 shows promise in treating recurrent GBM. However, issues such as antigen escape, tumor heterogeneity, and immunosuppression require further optimization. Innovative delivery methods, combination therapies, and personalized approaches are crucial for enhancing CAR-T cell efficacy. Ongoing research is essential to refine these therapies and improve outcomes for GBM patients."
4277,brain tumour,39000268,In Vivo PET Detection of Lung Micrometastasis in Mice by Targeting Endothelial VCAM-1 Using a Dual-Contrast PET/MRI Probe.,"Current clinical diagnostic imaging methods for lung metastases are sensitive only to large tumours (1-2 mm cross-sectional diameter), and early detection can dramatically improve treatment. We have previously demonstrated that an antibody-targeted MRI contrast agent based on microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO; 1 μm diameter) enables the imaging of endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Using a mouse model of lung metastasis, upregulation of endothelial VCAM-1 expression was demonstrated in micrometastasis-associated vessels but not in normal lung tissue, and binding of VCAM-MPIO to these vessels was evident histologically. Owing to the lack of proton MRI signals in the lungs, we modified the VCAM-MPIO to include zirconium-89 ("
4278,brain tumour,39000203,CHI3L1 as a Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Glioma.,"The role of Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) in tumor progression has been gradually clarified in different kinds of solid tumors. Hence, we aim to elucidate its prognostic value for glioma. In this study, we analyzed RNA sequencing data combined with corresponding clinical information obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were acquired based on CHI3L1 expression profiles and were used for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression methods, along with a nomogram, were employed to establish a predictive model. Compared with the corresponding non-tumor tissues, CHI3L1 expression was significantly upregulated in various types of solid tumors, correlating with poor clinical outcomes including glioma. GO analysis identified oxidative stress-related genes (ORGs) that were differentially expressed and modulated by CHI3L1, with 11 genes subsequently identified as potential predictors, using Univariate-Cox regression and LASSO regression. In addition, an index of oxidative stress-related genes (ORGI) was established, demonstrating its prognostic value in conjunction with CHI3L1 expression. The aberrant expression of CHI3L1 was proved in glioma patients through immunohistochemistry (IHC). Meanwhile, the knockdown of CHI3L1 inhibited glioma growth in vitro, and real-time Quantitative PCR (qPCR) confirmed decreased ORG expression upon CHI3L1 knockdown, suggesting the potential prognostic value of CHI3L1 as a therapeutic target for glioma."
4279,brain tumour,39000148,"Mitochondrial Protein Density, Biomass, and Bioenergetics as Predictors for the Efficacy of Glioma Treatments.","The metabolism of glioma cells exhibits significant heterogeneity and is partially responsible for treatment outcomes. Given this variability, we hypothesized that the effectiveness of treatments targeting various metabolic pathways depends on the bioenergetic profiles and mitochondrial status of glioma cells. To this end, we analyzed mitochondrial biomass, mitochondrial protein density, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and glycolysis in a panel of eight glioma cell lines. Our findings revealed considerable variability: mitochondrial biomass varied by up to 3.2-fold, the density of mitochondrial proteins by up to 2.1-fold, and OXPHOS levels by up to 7.3-fold across the cell lines. Subsequently, we stratified glioma cell lines based on their mitochondrial status, OXPHOS, and bioenergetic fitness. Following this stratification, we utilized 16 compounds targeting key bioenergetic, mitochondrial, and related pathways to analyze the associations between induced changes in cell numbers, proliferation, and apoptosis with respect to their steady-state mitochondrial and bioenergetic metrics. Remarkably, a significant fraction of the treatments showed strong correlations with mitochondrial biomass and the density of mitochondrial proteins, suggesting that mitochondrial status may reflect glioma cell sensitivity to specific treatments. Overall, our results indicate that mitochondrial status and bioenergetics are linked to the efficacy of treatments targeting metabolic pathways in glioma."
4280,brain tumour,39000069,A Review of the Molecular Determinants of Therapeutic Response in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Brain Metastases.,"Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metastases in the brain are a common hallmark of advanced stages of the disease, contributing to a dismal prognosis. Lung cancer can be broadly classified as either small cell lung cancer (SCLC) or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC represents the most predominant histology subtype of lung cancer, accounting for the majority of lung cancer cases. Recent advances in molecular genetics, coupled with innovations in small molecule drug discovery strategies, have facilitated both the molecular classification and precision targeting of NSCLC based on oncogenic driver mutations. Furthermore, these precision-based strategies have demonstrable efficacy across the blood-brain barrier, leading to positive outcomes in patients with brain metastases. This review provides an overview of the clinical features of lung cancer brain metastases, as well as the molecular mechanisms that drive NSCLC oncogenesis. We also explore how precision medicine-based strategies can be leveraged to improve NSCLC brain metastases."
4281,brain tumour,39000038,"Comprehensive Characterization of Phytochemical Composition, Membrane Permeability, and Antiproliferative Activity of ",The aim of our study was the detailed polyphenol profiling of 
4282,brain tumour,38999983,Development of a Radiolabeled Cyclin-Dependent Kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) Inhibitor for Brain and Cancer PET Imaging.,"The synthesis, biochemical evaluation and radiosynthesis of a cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor and radioligand was performed. NT431, a newly synthesized 4-fluorobenzyl-abemaciclib, exhibited high potency to CDK4/6 and against four cancer cell lines with IC"
4283,brain tumour,38997808,Targeting MS4A4A: A novel pathway to improve immunotherapy responses in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a challenging brain tumor to treat, with limited response to PD-1 immunotherapy due to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), specifically the M2 phenotype. This study explores the potential of MS4A4A (membrane spanning four domains, subfamily A, member 4A) inhibition in driving M2 macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype via the ferroptosis pathway to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy in GBM."
4284,brain tumour,38997564,This kids' brain cancer is incurable - but immune therapy holds promise.,No abstract found
4285,brain tumour,38997469,"Psychological and ethical issues raised by genomic in paediatric care pathway, a qualitative analysis with parents and childhood cancer patients.","In paediatric oncology, genomics raises new ethical, legal and psychological issues, as somatic and constitutional situations intersect throughout the care pathway. The discovery of potential predisposition in this context is sometimes carried out outside the usual framework. This article focuses on the views of children, adolescents, and young adults (AYA) with cancer and their parents about their experience with genomic testing. Forty-eight semi-structured interviews were performed with children or AYAs with cancer and one of their parents, before and/or after receiving the genetic test results. The interviews were fully transcribed, coded and thematically analysed using an inductive method. This analysis revealed several themes that are key issues: perceived understanding and consenting, apprehension about the test outcomes (expectations and fears), perception and attitude towards incidental findings. The main expectation was an aetiological explanation. Children and AYAs also emphasised the altruistic meaning of genetic testing, while parents seemed to expect a therapeutic and preventive approach for their child and the rest of the family. Parents were more concerned about a family risk, while patients were more afraid of cancer relapse or transmission to their descendants. Both groups suggested possible feelings of guilt concerning family transmission and imaginary representations of what genomics may allow. Incidental findings were not understood by patients, while some parents perceived the related issues and hesitated between wanting or not to know. A multidisciplinary approach would be an interesting way to help parents and children and AYAs to better grasp the complexity of genetic and/or genomic testing."
4286,brain tumour,38997283,Adeno-associated virus delivered CXCL9 sensitizes glioblastoma to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade.,"There are numerous mechanisms by which glioblastoma cells evade immunological detection, underscoring the need for strategic combinatorial treatments to achieve appreciable therapeutic effects. However, developing combination therapies is difficult due to dose-limiting toxicities, blood-brain-barrier, and suppressive tumor microenvironment. Glioblastoma is notoriously devoid of lymphocytes driven in part by a paucity of lymphocyte trafficking factors necessary to prompt their recruitment and activation. Herein, we develop a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy that enables focal and stable reconstitution of the tumor microenvironment with C-X-C motif ligand 9 (CXCL9), a powerful call-and-receive chemokine for lymphocytes. By manipulating local chemokine directional guidance, AAV-CXCL9 increases tumor infiltration by cytotoxic lymphocytes, sensitizing glioblastoma to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade in female preclinical tumor models. These effects are accompanied by immunologic signatures evocative of an inflamed tumor microenvironment. These findings support AAV gene therapy as an adjuvant for reconditioning glioblastoma immunogenicity given its safety profile, tropism, modularity, and off-the-shelf capability."
4287,brain tumour,38997123,Incorporation of Edited MRS into Clinical Practice May Improve Care of Patients with ,Isocitrate dehydrogenase (
4288,brain tumour,38997069,"Exploring the potentials of S4, a selective androgen receptor modulator, in glioblastoma multiforme therapy.","Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) ranks among the prevalent neoplastic diseases globally, presenting challenges in therapeutic management. Traditional modalities have yielded suboptimal response rates due to its intrinsic pathological resistance. This underscores the imperative for identifying novel molecular targets to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Literature indicates a notable correlation between androgen receptor (AR) signaling and GBM pathogenesis. To mitigate the adverse effects associated with androgenic modulation of AR, scientists have pivoted towards the synthesis of non-steroidal anabolic agents, selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs). Among these, S4, used as a supplement by the bodybuilders to efficiently grow muscle mass with favourable oral bioavailability has emerged as a candidate of interest. This investigation substantiates the anti-oncogenic potential of S4 in temozolomide-responsive and -resistant GBM cells through cellular and molecular evaluations. We observed restriction in GBM cell growth, and motility, coupled with an induction of apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and cellular senescence. S4 exposure precipitated the upregulation of genes associated with apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage response, and senescence, while concurrently downregulating those involved in cellular proliferation. Future research endeavours are warranted to delineate the mechanisms underpinning S4's actions, assess its antineoplastic effects in-vivo, and its ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier."
4289,brain tumour,38996799,Value of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score in predicting hospital mortality for postoperative brain tumor patients in intensive care units in Japan: A retrospective case-control study.,"Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) is based on the data of intensive care unit (ICU) patients and often correlates with disease severity and prognosis. However, no prognostic predictors exist based on ICU admission data for patients with brain tumors, and no studies have reported an association between APACHE II and prognosis in patients with brain tumors. The Japanese Intensive Care Patients Database (JIPAD) was established to improve the quality of care delivered in intensive care medicine in Japan. We used JIPAD to examine factors associated with in-hospital mortality based on available data of postoperative patients with brain tumors admitted to the ICU."
4290,brain tumour,38996792,A rare case of coexistence of meningioma and glioma in a single patient: A case report from Nepal.,"Primary brain tumors are less frequent as compared to metastatic brain tumors. Meningioma and glioma are common primary brain tumors. The patho-physiologies of meningioma and glioma are disparate. The concurrence of these two lesions in same patient is extremely rare, only few such cases are documented till now."
4291,brain tumour,38996717,Toxoplasma gondii infection supports the infiltration of T cells into brain tumors.,"Few T cells infiltrate into primary brain tumors, fundamentally hampering the effectiveness of immunotherapy. We hypothesized that Toxoplasma gondii, a microorganism that naturally elicits a Th1 response in the brain, can promote T cell infiltration into brain tumors despite their immune suppressive microenvironment. Using a mouse genetic model for medulloblastoma, we found that T. gondii infection induced the infiltration of activatable T cells into the tumor mass and led to myeloid cell reprogramming toward a T cell-supportive state, without causing severe health issues in mice. The study provides a concrete foundation for future studies to take advantage of the immune modulatory capacity of T. gondii to facilitate brain tumor immunotherapy."
4292,brain tumour,38996666,EGFLAM exhibits oncogenic activity and shows promise as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most lethal primary brain tumor, characterized by dismal survival rates. Novel molecular targets are urgently required to enhance therapeutic outcomes. A combination of bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation was employed to investigate the role of EGFLAM in GBM. The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas provided a platform for gene expression profiling, while siRNA-mediated knockdown and overexpression assays in GBM cell lines, alongside in vivo tumorigenesis models, facilitated functional validation. EGFLAM was found to be significantly overexpressed in GBM tissues, correlating with adverse prognostic factors and higher tumor grades, particularly in patients over the age of 41. Functional assays indicated that EGFLAM is vital for maintaining GBM cell proliferation, viability, and invasiveness. Knockdown of EGFLAM expression led to a marked decrease in tumorigenic capabilities. Proteomic interactions involving EGFLAM, such as with NUP205, were implicated in cell cycle regulation, providing insight into its oncogenic mechanism. In vivo studies further demonstrated that silencing EGFLAM expression could inhibit tumor growth, underscoring its therapeutic potential. The study identifies EGFLAM as a pivotal oncogenic factor in GBM, serving as both a prognostic biomarker and a viable therapeutic target. These findings lay the groundwork for future research into EGFLAM-targeted therapies, aiming to improve clinical outcomes for GBM patients."
4293,brain tumour,38996664,A new neuroprotective candidate TJ1 targeting amyloidogenesis in 5xFAD Alzheimer's disease mice.,"As one of the main pathmechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid-β (Aβ) is widely considered to be the prime target for the development of AD therapy. Recently, imidazolylacetophenone oxime ethers or esters (IOEs) have shown neuroprotective effects against neuronal cells damage, suggesting their potential use in the prevention and treatment of AD. Thirty IOEs compounds from our lab in-house library were constructed and screened for the inhibitory effects on Aβ"
4294,brain tumour,38996616,"Intracranial solitary fibrous tumors: Clinical, radiological, and histopathological insights along with review of literature.","Intracranial solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms, often challenging to diagnose due to their resemblance to meningiomas and other central nervous system tumors. While advancements in molecular genetics have aided in classification, diagnostic nuances and optimal management strategies remain areas of interest."
4295,brain tumour,38996403,Optimizing outpatient neurosurgery: evaluating ambulatory surgery and same-day discharge following intracranial tumor surgery and endoscopic third ventriculostomy.,"Outpatient surgery and same-day discharge are developing fields that align with the evolving needs of modern healthcare, presenting a notable advantage by reducing patient susceptibility to nosocomial infections, thromboembolic complications, and medical errors. When paired with enhanced recovery after surgery protocols, they hold promise in safely transitioning certain patients undergoing cranial surgery to outpatient care. This study aimed to evaluate discharge on the same day of surgery after intracranial tumor resection and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and to investigate potential associations with anesthesia methods, complications, and readmission rates."
4296,brain tumour,38996177,Stanniocalcin-2 expression in glioblastoma - A novel prognostic biomarker: An observational study.,"The objective of this study was to assess the prognostic relevance of Stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) expression, as determined via immunohistochemistry in tumor tissue, in a cohort of 83 patients diagnosed with glioblastoma who underwent maximal safe surgical resection followed by radiotherapy concurrent with adjuvant temozolomide. STC2 expression levels were categorized using a 3-tiered semiquantitative system: negative expression (level 0-), low expression (level 1+), and high expression (levels 2 + and 3+). Patients were categorized into 2 distinct groups according to their STC2 expression levels: negative STC2 (-/+) and positive STC2 (++/+++). The primary outcome measure was the relationship between STC2 expression and progression-free survival (PFS), with overall survival (OS) serving as the secondary endpoint. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis confirmed that patients exhibiting high STC2 expression had significantly shorter OS (8 vs 20 months, P < .001) and PFS (6 vs 18 months, P < .001) than those with low or negative STC2 expression. Multivariate analysis revealed that STC2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for both OS (hazard ratio: 0.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.2-0.8; P < .05) and PFS (hazard ratio: 0.3; 95% confidence interval: 0.2-0.4; P < .05) in patients with glioblastoma. Furthermore, elevated STC2 expression in GBM was correlated with several established aggressive clinicopathological characteristics, including advanced age (≥65 years), low ECOG PS (≥2), and isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation negativity. These findings underscore that heightened STC2 expression within the tumor tissue of GBM patients functions as an adverse prognostic marker, correlating with an elevated risk of progression and reduced OS. Therapeutic interventions targeting the AKT-mTOR, ERK1-2, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors and vascular endothelial growth factor blockade, as well as potential forthcoming antibody-drug conjugates targeting the STC2 molecule, have the potential to broaden the scope of combined treatment strategies."
4297,brain tumour,38996135,Perihippocampal failure after hippocampal-avoidance brain radiotherapy in small cell lung cancer patients: Cases report and literature review.,"Brain metastasis is a major concern, and may occur in roughly 50% of patients during the clinical course of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Because prophylactic cranial irradiation reduces the incidence of brain metastases and improves overall survival, prophylactic cranial irradiation is recommended for SCLC patients without distant metastases or an extensive stage and have responded well to systemic therapy. Hippocampal-avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy (HA-WBRT) is preferred to preserve hippocampal function while minimizing negative cognitive effects."
4298,brain tumour,38996052,Central diabetes insipidus (vasopressin deficiency) after surgery for pituitary tumours: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,Central diabetes insipidus or vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D) is the most frequent water balance disorder after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) with variable prevalence amongst studies. We aimed to determine rates of newly developed transient or permanent AVP-D in patients with pituitary tumours treated with TSS.
4299,brain tumour,38995739,A Phase II Study Assessing Long-term Response to Ibrutinib Monotherapy in Recurrent or Refractory CNS Lymphoma.,Ibrutinib is a first-in-class inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase. We previously reported the safety and short-term antitumor activity of ibrutinib in 20 patients with relapsed or refractory (r/r) primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (PCNSL) or secondary CNS lymphoma (SCNSL).
4300,brain tumour,38995723,Gustatory Function in Patients With Cerebellopontine Angle Masses.,To investigate the impact of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) masses on subjective and measured taste function.
4301,brain tumour,38995493,"Super T2-FLAIR mismatch sign: a prognostic imaging biomarker for non-enhancing astrocytoma, IDH-mutant.","The T2-FLAIR mismatch sign is a highly specific diagnostic imaging biomarker for astrocytoma, IDH-mutant. However, a definitive prognostic imaging biomarker has yet to be identified. This study investigated imaging prognostic markers, specifically analyzing T2-weighted and FLAIR images of this tumor."
4302,brain tumour,38995473,Outcome of non-functioning ACTH pituitary tumors: silent does not mean indolent.,"Silent corticotroph tumors (siACTH) represent a rare entity of pituitary tumors (PT), usually more aggressive than other PT. Few predictor factors of recurrence in the post-operative period have been proposed until now. This study aimed (1) to evaluate the clinical outcome of siACTH after surgery according to a five-tiered clinicopathological classification (2) to compare siACTH characteristics to ACTH-secreting macroadenomas (macroCD), and silent gonadotropinomas (siLH/FSH)."
4303,brain tumour,38995395,Doing more with less: surgical results of pediatric posterior fossa tumors from a single center in Latin America.,"We aim to report the epidemiology, surgical outcomes, and survival rates of pediatric patients with posterior fossa tumors in a large single-center case series."
4304,brain tumour,38995393,Automated classification of brain MRI reports using fine-tuned large language models.,"This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of fine-tuned large language models (LLM) in classifying brain MRI reports into pretreatment, posttreatment, and nontumor cases."
4305,brain tumour,38995025,Navigated Intraoperative Ultrasound Offers Effective and Efficient Real-Time Analysis of Intracranial Tumor Resection and Brain Shift.,"Neuronavigation is a fundamental tool in the resection of intracranial tumors. However, it is limited by its calibration to preoperative neuroimaging, which loses accuracy intraoperatively after brain shift. Therefore, surgeons rely on anatomic landmarks or tools like intraoperative MRI to assess the extent of tumor resection (EOR) and update neuronavigation. Recent studies demonstrate that intraoperative ultrasound (iUS) provides point-of-care imaging without the cost or resource utilization of an intraoperative MRI, and advances in neuronavigation-guided iUS provide an opportunity for real-time imaging overlaid with neuronavigation to account for brain shift. We assessed the feasibility, efficacy, and benefits of navigated iUS to assess the EOR and restore stereotactic accuracy in neuronavigation after brain shift."
4306,brain tumour,38995006,Suppressing PD-L1 Expression via AURKA Kinase Inhibition Enhances Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity against Glioblastoma.,"Immunotherapies have shown significant promise as an impactful strategy in cancer treatment. However, in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most prevalent primary brain tumor in adults, these therapies have demonstrated lower efficacy than initially anticipated. Consequently, there is an urgent need for strategies to enhance the effectiveness of immune treatments. AURKA has been identified as a potential drug target for GBM treatment. An analysis of the GBM cell transcriptome following AURKA inhibition revealed a potential influence on the immune system. Our research revealed that AURKA influenced PD-L1 levels in various GBM model systems in vitro and in vivo. Disrupting AURKA function genetically led to reduced PD-L1 levels and increased MHC-I expression in both established and patient-derived xenograft GBM cultures. This process involved both transcriptional and non-transcriptional pathways, partly implicating GSK3β. Interfering with AURKA also enhanced NK-cell-mediated elimination of GBM by reducing PD-L1 expression, as evidenced in rescue experiments. Furthermore, using a mouse model that mimics GBM with patient-derived cells demonstrated that Alisertib decreased PD-L1 expression in living organisms. Combination therapy involving anti-PD-1 treatment and Alisertib significantly prolonged overall survival compared to vehicle treatment. These findings suggest that targeting AURKA could have therapeutic implications for modulating the immune environment within GBM cells."
4307,brain tumour,38994974,H3K27-Altered Diffuse Midline Glioma of the Brainstem: From Molecular Mechanisms to Targeted Interventions.,"Pediatric high-grade gliomas are a devastating subset of brain tumors, characterized by their aggressive pathophysiology and limited treatment options. Among them, H3 K27-altered diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) of the brainstem stand out due to their distinct molecular features and dismal prognosis. Recent advances in molecular profiling techniques have unveiled the critical role of H3 K27 alterations, particularly a lysine-to-methionine mutation on position 27 (K27M) of the histone H3 tail, in the pathogenesis of DMG. These mutations result in epigenetic dysregulation, which leads to altered chromatin structure and gene expression patterns in DMG tumor cells, ultimately contributing to the aggressive phenotype of DMG. The exploration of targeted therapeutic avenues for DMG has gained momentum in recent years. Therapies, including epigenetic modifiers, kinase inhibitors, and immunotherapies, are under active investigation; these approaches aim to disrupt aberrant signaling cascades and overcome the various mechanisms of therapeutic resistance in DMG. Challenges, including blood-brain barrier penetration and DMG tumor heterogeneity, require innovative approaches to improve drug delivery and personalized treatment strategies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving understanding of DMG, focusing on the intricate molecular mechanisms driving tumorigenesis/tumor progression and the current landscape of emerging targeted interventions."
4308,brain tumour,38994929,Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Effects of Radiation for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy in Glioblastoma Multiforme.,"Standard-of-care treatment for Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is comprised of surgery and adjuvant chemoradiation. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has demonstrated disease-modifying activity in GBM and holds great promise. Radiation, a standard-of-care treatment for GBM, has well-known immunomodulatory properties and may overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME); however, radiation dose optimization and integration with CAR T cell therapy is not well defined. Murine immunocompetent models of GBM were treated with titrated doses of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of 5, 10, and 20 Gray (Gy), and the TME was analyzed using Nanostring. A conditioning dose of 10 Gy was determined based on tumor growth kinetics and gene expression changes in the TME. We demonstrate that a conditioning dose of 10 Gy activates innate and adaptive immune cells in the TME. Mice treated with 10 Gy in combination with mCAR T cells demonstrated enhanced antitumor activity and superior memory responses to rechallenge with IL13Rα2-positive tumors. Furthermore, 10 Gy plus mCAR T cells also protected against IL13Rα2-negative tumors through a mechanism that was, in part, c-GAS-STING pathway-dependent. Together, these findings support combination conditioning with low-dose 10 Gy radiation in combination with mCAR T cells as a therapeutic strategy for GBM."
4309,brain tumour,38994761,Targeting drug resistance in glioblastoma (Review).,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignancy of the central nervous system in adults. The current standard of care includes surgery, radiation therapy, temozolomide; and tumor‑treating fields leads to dismal overall survival. There are far limited treatments upon recurrence. Therapies to date are ineffective as a result of several factors, including the presence of the blood‑brain barrier, blood tumor barrier, glioma stem‑like cells and genetic heterogeneity in GBM. In the present review, the potential mechanisms that lead to treatment resistance in GBM and the measures which have been taken so far to attempt to overcome the resistance were discussed. The complex biology of GBM and lack of comprehensive understanding of the development of therapeutic resistance in GBM demands discovery of novel antigens that are targetable and provide effective therapeutic strategies."
4310,brain tumour,38994667,Utilizing connectome fingerprinting functional MRI models for motor activity prediction in presurgical planning: A feasibility study.,"Presurgical planning prior to brain tumor resection is critical for the preservation of neurologic function post-operatively. Neurosurgeons increasingly use advanced brain mapping techniques pre- and intra-operatively to delineate brain regions which are ""eloquent"" and should be spared during resection. Functional MRI (fMRI) has emerged as a commonly used non-invasive modality for individual patient mapping of critical cortical regions such as motor, language, and visual cortices. To map motor function, patients are scanned using fMRI while they perform various motor tasks to identify brain networks critical for motor performance, but it may be difficult for some patients to perform tasks in the scanner due to pre-existing deficits. Connectome fingerprinting (CF) is a machine-learning approach that learns associations between resting-state functional networks of a brain region and the activations in the region for specific tasks; once a CF model is constructed, individualized predictions of task activation can be generated from resting-state data. Here we utilized CF to train models on high-quality data from 208 subjects in the Human Connectome Project (HCP) and used this to predict task activations in our cohort of healthy control subjects (n = 15) and presurgical patients (n = 16) using resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data. The prediction quality was validated with task fMRI data in the healthy controls and patients. We found that the task predictions for motor areas are on par with actual task activations in most healthy subjects (model accuracy around 90%-100% of task stability) and some patients suggesting the CF models can be reliably substituted where task data is either not possible to collect or hard for subjects to perform. We were also able to make robust predictions in cases in which there were no task-related activations elicited. The findings demonstrate the utility of the CF approach for predicting activations in out-of-sample subjects, across sites and scanners, and in patient populations. This work supports the feasibility of the application of CF models to presurgical planning, while also revealing challenges to be addressed in future developments. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Precision motor network prediction using connectome fingerprinting. Carefully trained models' performance limited by stability of task-fMRI data. Successful cross-scanner predictions and motor network mapping in patients with tumor."
4311,brain tumour,38994360,Hypoxia within the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment: a master saboteur of novel treatments.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are the most aggressive primary brain tumors in adults that, despite maximum treatment, carry a dismal prognosis. GBM tumors exhibit tissue hypoxia, which promotes tumor aggressiveness and maintenance of glioma stem cells and creates an overall immunosuppressive landscape. This article reviews how hypoxic conditions overlap with inflammatory responses, favoring the proliferation of immunosuppressive cells and inhibiting cytotoxic T cell development. Immunotherapies, including vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and CAR-T cell therapy, represent promising avenues for GBM treatment. However, challenges such as tumor heterogeneity, immunosuppressive TME, and BBB restrictiveness hinder their effectiveness. Strategies to address these challenges, including combination therapies and targeting hypoxia, are actively being explored to improve outcomes for GBM patients. Targeting hypoxia in combination with immunotherapy represents a potential strategy to enhance treatment efficacy."
4312,brain tumour,38994341,MRI radiomics-based interpretable model and nomogram for preoperative prediction of Ki-67 expression status in primary central nervous system lymphoma.,"To investigate the value of interpretable machine learning model and nomogram based on clinical factors, MRI imaging features, and radiomic features to predict Ki-67 expression in primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL)."
4313,brain tumour,38994153,Advances in targeted therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive in advanced gastric cancer.,Emerging therapeutic methods represented by targeted therapy are effective supplements to traditional first-line chemoradiotherapy resistance. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (
4314,brain tumour,38994034,Environment-responsive dendrobium polysaccharide hydrogel embedding manganese microsphere as a post-operative adjuvant to boost cascaded immune cycle against melanoma.,
4315,brain tumour,38994029,"Targeted opening of the blood-brain barrier using VCAM-1 functionalised microbubbles and ""whole brain"" ultrasound.","Metastatic tumours in the brain now represent one of the leading causes of death from cancer. Current treatments are largely ineffective owing to the combination of late diagnosis and poor delivery of therapies across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Conjugating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents with a monoclonal antibody for VCAM-1 (anti-VCAM1) has been shown to enable detection of micrometastases, two to three orders of magnitude smaller in volume than those currently detectable clinically. The aim of this study was to exploit this targeting approach to enable localised and temporary BBB opening at the site of early-stage metastases using functionalised microbubbles and ultrasound. "
4316,brain tumour,38994023,The CEBPB,
4317,brain tumour,38993953,The dark side of T2: central nervous system lesions with low signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging.,"The majority of central nervous system diseases show high signal intensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Diseases of the central nervous system with low signal intensity are less common, which makes it a finding that helps narrow the differential diagnosis. This was a retrospective analysis of brain and spine magnetic resonance imaging examinations in which that finding was helpful in the diagnostic investigation. We selected the cases of patients examined between 2015 and 2022. All diagnoses were confirmed on the basis of the clinical-radiological correlation or the histopathological findings. We obtained images of 14 patients with the following central nervous system diseases: arteriovenous malformation; cavernous malformation; metastasis from lymphoma; medulloblastoma; embryonal tumor; metastasis from melanoma; Rathke's cleft cyst; Erdheim-Chester disease; aspergillosis; paracoccidioidomycosis; tuberculosis; syphilis; immunoglobulin G4-related disease; and metastasis from a pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor. We described lesions of different etiologies in which the T2-weighted imaging profile helped narrow the differential diagnosis and facilitated the definitive diagnosis."
4318,brain tumour,38993929,Treating the dead; how far ought medicine go to obtain transplantable organs?,"Under what circumstances, is it ethical to perform tumor surgery on a brain-dead individual? The neurosurgeons at Brigham and Women's Hospital were recently faced with such a question when asked to operate on a 28-year-old man who was pronounced brain-dead secondary to a severe brain-stem injury. His advanced directives clearly documented a desire for organ donation. During his transplant work-up, cranial imaging suggested a possible cerebellar mass of unknown etiology that was concerning for metastatic disease. Despite negative full body imaging, the neurosurgical team was asked to perform an open biopsy of the intracranial lesion to rule out occult systemic cancer. This case invites many nuanced questions related to the decisions surgeons and the broader medical community must make in the face of pursuing viable organs for the many in need. What is the moral standing and personhood eligibility of brain-dead individuals? What is the scope of medical interventions and procedures that surgeons are ethically bound to carry out? How ought the desire for increased medical intervention to try to save organs be balanced with practical limitations given limited medical resources?"
4319,brain tumour,38993819,,Epigenetics play a vital role in stratifying CNS tumors and gliomas. The importance of studying Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) in gliomas is to improve diffuse glioma methylation profiling. Here we examined the methylation status of 
4320,brain tumour,38993559,Branch Chain Amino Acid Metabolism Promotes Brain Metastasis of NSCLC through EMT Occurrence by Regulating ALKBH5 activity.,"Metabolic reprogramming is one of the essential features of tumors that may dramatically contribute to cancer metastasis. Employing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, we analyzed the metabolic profile from 12 pairwise serum samples of NSCLC brain metastasis patients before and after CyberKnife Stereotactic Radiotherapy. We evaluated the histopathological architecture of 144 surgically resected NSCLC brain metastases. Differential metabolites were screened and conducted for functional clustering and annotation. Metabolomic profiling identified a pathway that was enriched in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Pathologically, adenocarcinoma with a solid growth pattern has a higher propensity for brain metastasis. Patients with high BCAT1 protein levels in lung adenocarcinoma tissues were associated with a poor prognosis. We found that brain NSCLC cells had elevated catabolism of BCAAs, which led to a depletion of α-KG. This depletion, in turn, reduced the expression and activity of the m6A demethylase ALKBH5. Thus, ALKBH5 inhibition participated in maintaining the m6A methylation of mesenchymal genes and promoted the occurrence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NSCLC cells and the proliferation of NSCLC cells in the brain. BCAA catabolism plays an essential role in the metastasis of NSCLC cells."
4321,brain tumour,38993203,Joint Brain Tumor Segmentation from Multi-magnetic Resonance Sequences through a Deep Convolutional Neural Network.,"Brain tumor segmentation is highly contributive in diagnosing and treatment planning. Manual brain tumor delineation is a time-consuming and tedious task and varies depending on the radiologist's skill. Automated brain tumor segmentation is of high importance and does not depend on either inter- or intra-observation. The objective of this study is to automate the delineation of brain tumors from the Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), T1-weighted (T1W), T2-weighted (T2W), and T1W contrast-enhanced (T1ce) magnetic resonance (MR) sequences through a deep learning approach, with a focus on determining which MR sequence alone or which combination thereof would lead to the highest accuracy therein."
4322,brain tumour,38993162,Applications of nanotechnology in remodeling the tumour microenvironment for glioblastoma treatment.,"With the increasing research and deepening understanding of the glioblastoma (GBM) tumour microenvironment (TME), novel and more effective therapeutic strategies have been proposed. The GBM TME involves intricate interactions between tumour and non-tumour cells, promoting tumour progression. Key therapeutic goals for GBM treatment include improving the immunosuppressive microenvironment, enhancing the cytotoxicity of immune cells against tumours, and inhibiting tumour growth and proliferation. Consequently, remodeling the GBM TME using nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery enables targeted delivery, thereby improving treatment specificity, facilitating combination therapies, and optimizing drug metabolism. This review provides an overview of the GBM TME and discusses the methods of remodeling the GBM TME using nanotechnology. Specifically, it explores the application of nanotechnology in ameliorating immune cell immunosuppression, inducing immunogenic cell death, stimulating, and recruiting immune cells, regulating tumour metabolism, and modulating the crosstalk between tumours and other cells."
4323,brain tumour,38993070,Leek (Allium ampeloprasum var. kurrat) aqueous extract loaded on selenium nanoparticles protects against testis and brain injury induced by mercuric chloride in rats.,Mercuric chloride (HgCl
4324,brain tumour,38992968,Multifaceted interactions between cancer cells and glial cells in brain metastasis.,"Cancer brain metastasis has a poor prognosis, is commonly observed in clinical practice, and the number of cases is increasing as overall cancer survival improves. However, experiments in mouse models have shown that brain metastasis itself is an inefficient process. One reason for this inefficiency is the brain microenvironment, which differs significantly from that of other organs, making it difficult for cancer cells to adapt. The brain microenvironment consists of unique resident cell types such as neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia. Accumulating evidence over the past decades suggests that the interactions between cancer cells and glial cells can positively or negatively influence the development of brain metastasis. Nevertheless, elucidating the complex interactions between cancer cells and glial cells remains challenging, in part due to the limitations of existing experimental models for glial cell culture. In this review, we first provide an overview of glial cell culture methods and then examine recent discoveries regarding the interactions between brain metastatic cancer cells and the surrounding glial cells, with a special focus on astrocytes and microglia. Finally, we discuss future perspectives for understanding the multifaceted interactions between cancer cells and glial cells for the treatment of metastatic brain tumors."
4325,brain tumour,38992848,Perioperative imaging predictors of tumor progression and pseudoprogression: A systematic review.,"In high-grade gliomas, pseudoprogression after radiation treatment might dramatically impact patient's management. We searched for perioperative imaging predictors of pseudoprogression in high-grade gliomas according to PRISMA guidelines, using MEDLINE/Pubmed and Embase (until January 2024). Study design, sample size, setting, diagnostic gold standard, imaging modalities and contrasts, and differences among variables or measures of diagnostic accuracy were recorded. Study quality was assessed through the QUADAS-2 tool. Twelve studies (11 with MRI, one with PET; 1058 patients) were reviewed. Most studies used a retrospective design (9/12), and structural MRI (7/12). Studies were heterogeneous in metrics and diagnostic reference standards; patient selection bias was a frequent concern. Pseudoprogression and progression showed some significant group differences in perioperative imaging metrics, although often with substantial overlap. Radiomics showed moderate accuracy but requires further validation. Current literature is scarce and limited by methodological concerns, highlighting the need of new predictors and multiparametric approaches."
4326,brain tumour,38992777,Single cell spatial biology over developmental time can decipher pediatric brain pathologies.,"Pediatric low grade brain tumors and neurodevelopmental disorders share proteins, signaling pathways, and networks. They also share germline mutations and an impaired prenatal differentiation origin. They may differ in the timing of the events and proliferation. We suggest that their pivotal distinct, albeit partially overlapping, outcomes relate to the cell states, which depend on their spatial location, and timing of gene expression during brain development. These attributes are crucial as the brain develops sequentially, and single-cell spatial organization influences cell state, thus function. Our underlying premise is that the root cause in neurodevelopmental disorders and pediatric tumors is impaired prenatal differentiation. Data related to pediatric brain tumors, neurodevelopmental disorders, brain cell (sub)types, locations, and timing of expression in the developing brain are scant. However, emerging single cell technologies, including transcriptomic, spatial biology, spatial high-resolution imaging performed over the brain developmental time, could be transformational in deciphering brain pathologies thereby pharmacology."
4327,brain tumour,38992673,Follow-up of Cystic Pineal Glands in Retinoblastoma Patients Does Not Increase Detection of Pineal Trilateral Retinoblastoma.,To evaluate the effectiveness of baseline screening and follow-up with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting trilateral retinoblastoma (TRb) and assessing the risk of TRb development.
4328,brain tumour,38992622,Lipid-coated gold nanorods for photoimmunotherapy of primary breast cancer and the prevention of metastasis.,"Nanomedicines hold promise for the treatment of various diseases. However, treating cancer metastasis remains highly challenging. In this study, we synthesized gold nanorods (AuNRs) containing (α-GC), an immune stimulator, for the treatment of primary cancer, metastasis, and recurrence of the cancer. Therefore, the AuNR were coated with lipid bilayers loaded with α-GC (α-LA). Upon irradiation with 808 nm light, α-LA showed a temperature increase. Intra-tumoral injection of α-LA in mice and local irradiation of the 4T1 breast cancer tumor effectively eliminated tumor growth. We found that the presence of α-GC in α-LA activated dendritic cells and T cells in the spleen, which completely blocked the development of lung metastasis. In mice injected with α-LA for primary breast cancer treatment, we observed antigen-specific T cell responses and increased cytotoxicity against 4T1 cells. We conclude that α-LA is promising for the treatment of both primary breast cancer and its metastasis."
4329,brain tumour,38992489,Unveiling the role of TAGLN2 in glioblastoma: From proneural-mesenchymal transition to Temozolomide resistance.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) presents a daunting challenge due to its resistance to temozolomide (TMZ), a hurdle exacerbated by the proneural-to-mesenchymal transition (PMT) from a proneural (PN) to a mesenchymal (MES) phenotype. TAGLN2 is prominently expressed in GBM, particularly in the MES subtype compared to low-grade glioma (LGG) and the PN subtype. Our research reveals TAGLN2's involvement in PMT and TMZ resistance through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. TAGLN2 knockdown can restrain proliferation and invasion, trigger DNA damage and apoptosis, and heighten TMZ sensitivity in GBM cells. Conversely, elevating TAGLN2 levels amplifies resistance to TMZ in cellular and intracranial xenograft mouse models. We demonstrate the interaction relationship between TAGLN2 and ERK1/2 through co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) spectrometry analysis. Knockdown of TAGLN2 results in a decrease in the expression of p-ERK1/2, whereas overexpression of TAGLN2 leads to an increase in p-ERK1/2 expression within the nucleus. Subsequently, the regulatory role of TAGLN2 in the expression and control of MGMT has been demonstrated. Finally, the regulation of TAGLN2 by NF-κB has been validated through chromatin immunoprecipitation and ChIP-PCR assays. In conclusion, our results confirm that TAGLN2 exerts its biological functions by interacting with the ERK/MGMT axis and being regulated by NF-κB, thereby facilitating the acquisition of promoting PMT and increased resistance to TMZ therapy in glioblastoma. These results provide valuable insights for the advancement of targeted therapeutic approaches to overcome TMZ resistance in clinical treatments."
4330,brain tumour,38992488,Gender differences in gliomas: From epidemiological trends to changes at the hormonal and molecular levels.,"Gender plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of cancer, as well as in the metabolism of nutrients and energy. Men and women display significant differences in the incidence, prognosis, and treatment response across various types of cancer, including certain sex-specific tumors. It has been observed that male glioma patients have a higher incidence and worse prognosis than female patients, but there is currently a limited systematic evaluation of sex differences in gliomas. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the association between fluctuations in sex hormone levels and changes in their receptor expression with the incidence, progression, treatment, and prognosis of gliomas. Estrogen may have a protective effect on glioma patients, while exposure to androgens increases the risk of glioma. We also discussed the specific genetic and molecular differences between genders in terms of the malignant nature and prognosis of gliomas. Factors such as TP53, MGMT methylation status may play a crucial role. Therefore, it is essential to consider the gender of patients while treating glioma, particularly the differences at the hormonal and molecular levels. This approach can help in the adoption of an individualized treatment strategy."
4331,brain tumour,38992316,[Quantification of Ki-67 in PitNET (pituitary neuroendocrine tumors)/adenomas].,"This study is the first to compare the determination of the Ki-67 index in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET)/pituitary adenomas by pathologists with a computerized method (Cognition MasterSuite from VMScope, Berlin, Germany). PitNET/pituitary adenomas often show a low proliferation index. Observer variability is high, especially when estimating in this low percentage range. A more reliable determination would be possible using the four-eyes principle, but this cannot be realized continuously; thus, digital image analysis is a promising solution. In the study, there was clear agreement between the Ki-67 estimate by two experienced pathologists and the determination with the aid of digital image analysis. The digital image analysis system is excellent for determining the proliferation rate of PitNET/pituitary adenomas and can therefore be used to determine the ""third"" and ""fourth eye""."
4332,brain tumour,38992291,Optical microscopy and transcriptomics reveal the origins of fluorescence in glioma surgery.,No abstract found
4333,brain tumour,38992236,Sex-specific alterations in functional connectivity and network topology in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy.,"Patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) experience structural and functional brain reorganization. However, few studies have investigated the influence of sex on cerebral alterations. The present study investigates the role of sex on brain functional connectivity (FC) and global network topology in DCM and healthy controls (HCs). The resting-state functional MRI data was acquired for 100 patients (58 males vs. 42 females). ROI-to-ROI FC and network topological features were characterized for each patient and HC. Group differences in FC and network topological features were examined. Compared to healthy counterparts, DCM males exhibited higher FC between vision-related brain regions, and cerebellum, brainstem, and thalamus, but lower FC between the intracalcarine cortex and frontal and somatosensory cortices, while DCM females demonstrated higher FC between the thalamus and cerebellar and sensorimotor regions, but lower FC between sensorimotor and visual regions. DCM males displayed higher FC within the cerebellum and between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and vision-related regions, while DCM females displayed higher FC between frontal regions and the PCC, cerebellum, and visual regions. Additionally, DCM males displayed significantly greater intra-network connectivity and efficiency compared to healthy counterparts. Results from the present study imply sex-specific supraspinal functional alterations occur in patients with DCM."
4334,brain tumour,38992221,PRDM6 promotes medulloblastoma by repressing chromatin accessibility and altering gene expression.,"SNCAIP duplication may promote Group 4 medulloblastoma via induction of PRDM6, a poorly characterized member of the PRDF1 and RIZ1 homology domain-containing (PRDM) family of transcription factors. Here, we investigated the function of PRDM6 in human hindbrain neuroepithelial stem cells and tested PRDM6 as a driver of Group 4 medulloblastoma. We report that human PRDM6 localizes predominantly to the nucleus, where it causes widespread repression of chromatin accessibility and complex alterations of gene expression patterns. Genome-wide mapping of PRDM6 binding reveals that PRDM6 binds to chromatin regions marked by histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation that are located within, or proximal to, genes. Moreover, we show that PRDM6 expression in neuroepithelial stem cells promotes medulloblastoma. Surprisingly, medulloblastomas derived from PRDM6-expressing neuroepithelial stem cells match human Group 3, but not Group 4, medulloblastoma. We conclude that PRDM6 expression has oncogenic potential but is insufficient to drive Group 4 medulloblastoma from neuroepithelial stem cells. We propose that both PRDM6 and additional factors, such as specific cell-of-origin features, are required for Group 4 medulloblastoma. Given the lack of PRDM6 expression in normal tissues and its oncogenic potential shown here, we suggest that PRDM6 inhibition may have therapeutic value in PRDM6-expressing medulloblastomas."
4335,brain tumour,38992201,Preoperative prediction of MGMT promoter methylation in glioblastoma based on multiregional and multi-sequence MRI radiomics analysis.,"O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) has been demonstrated to be an important prognostic and predictive marker in glioblastoma (GBM). To establish a reliable radiomics model based on MRI data to predict the MGMT promoter methylation status of GBM. A total of 183 patients with glioblastoma were included in this retrospective study. The visually accessible Rembrandt images (VASARI) features were extracted for each patient, and a total of 14676 multi-region features were extracted from enhanced, necrotic, ""non-enhanced, and edematous"" areas on their multiparametric MRI. Twelve individual radiomics models were constructed based on the radiomics features from different subregions and different sequences. Four single-sequence models, three single-region models and the combined radiomics model combining all individual models were constructed. Finally, the predictive performance of adding clinical factors and VASARI characteristics was evaluated. The ComRad model combining all individual radiomics models exhibited the best performance in test set 1 and test set 2, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.839 (0.709-0.963) and 0.739 (0.581-0.897), respectively. The results indicated that the radiomics model combining multi-region and multi-parametric MRI features has exhibited promising performance in predicting MGMT methylation status in GBM. The Modeling scheme that combining all individual radiomics models showed best performance among all constructed moels."
4336,brain tumour,38991863,The Emerging Role of Immune Checkpoint Blockade for the Treatment of Lung Cancer Brain Metastases.,"Lung cancer has the highest incidence of brain metastases (BM) among solid organ cancers. Traditionally whole brain radiation therapy has been utilized for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) BM treatment, although stereotactic radiosurgery has emerged as the superior treatment modality for most patients. Highly penetrant central nervous system (CNS) tyrosine kinase inhibitors have also shown significant CNS activity in patients harboring select oncogenic drivers. There is emerging evidence that patients without oncogene-driven tumors derive benefit from the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The CNS activity of ICIs have not been well studied given exclusion of patients with active BM from landmark trials, due to concerns of inadequate CNS penetration and activity. However, studies have challenged the idea of an immune-privileged CNS, given the presence of functional lymphatic drainage within the CNS and destruction of the blood brain barrier by BM. An emerging understanding of the interactions between tumor and CNS immune cells in the BM tumor microenvironment also support a role for immunotherapy in BM treatment. In addition, posthoc analyses of major trials have shown improved intracranial response and survival benefit of regimens with ICIs over chemotherapy (CT) alone for patients with BM. Two prospective phase 2 trials evaluating pembrolizumab monotherapy and atezolizumab plus CT in patients with untreated NSCLC BM also demonstrated significant intracranial responses. This review describes the interplay between CNS immune cells and tumor cells, discusses current evidence for ICI CNS activity from retrospective and prospective studies, and speculates on future directions of investigation."
4337,brain tumour,38991564,Aortic root dilation in acromegaly.,"Previous studies have linked persistent elevations in growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to cardiac abnormalities including aortic root dilation. Guidelines in the management of this dilation below the size recommended for surgery have not been well defined but follow-up and intervention when appropriate could be life-saving. We report the case of a man in his 60s who had been living with undiagnosed acromegaly for many years. His initial assessment through point-of-care ultrasound raised concerns about potential cardiac enlargement, prompting further investigation with a formal echocardiogram, which revealed a significant aortic root dilation measuring 4.5 cm. Subsequent blood tests confirmed elevated levels of IGF-1. Brain MRI showed a focal lesion in the pituitary gland, which was surgically resected, confirming the diagnosis of a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. One year after surgery, a repeat CT angiogram of the chest demonstrated a stable size of the aortic root aneurysm."
4338,brain tumour,38991556,"Automated segmentation of brain metastases with deep learning: A multi-center, randomized crossover, multi-reader evaluation study.",Artificial intelligence has been proposed for brain metastasis (BM) segmentation but it has not been fully clinically validated. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a system for BM segmentation.
4339,brain tumour,38991543,Role of Medical and Surgical Treatment in Management of the Patients With Prolactinoma: A Single-Center Experience.,"Current guidelines recommend dopamine agonists (DA) as the primary therapeutic approach for prolactinomas; however, emerging evidence suggests that surgical intervention can also yield favorable outcomes."
4340,brain tumour,38991456,Mechanistic insights into circRNA-mediated regulation of PI3K signaling pathway in glioma progression.,"Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) characterized by a stable circular structure that regulates gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. They play diverse roles, including protein interactions, DNA methylation modification, protein-coding potential, pseudogene creation, and miRNA sponging, all of which influence various physiological processes. CircRNAs are often highly expressed in brain tissues, and their levels vary with neural development, suggesting their significance in nervous system diseases such as gliomas. Research has shown that circRNA expression related to the PI3K pathway correlates with various clinical features of gliomas. There is an interact between circRNAs and the PI3K pathway to regulate glioma cell processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and treatment resistance. Additionally, PI3K pathway-associated circRNAs hold potential as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. In this study, we reviewed the latest advances in the expression and cellular roles of PI3K-mediated circRNAs and their connections to glioma carcinogenesis and progression. We also highlighted the significance of circRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in glioma."
4341,brain tumour,38991393,Do we have to continue antiseizure medications post surgery in long-term epilepsy associated tumors (LEATs)?,To identify the rate of successful antiseizure medication (ASM) withdrawal after resective surgery in patients with long-term epilepsy-associated tumors (LEATs).
4342,brain tumour,38991283,"""Symptomatic"" melanoma brain metastases: A call for clear definitions and adoption of standardized tools.","With improved systemic treatment and prolonged survival even with metastatic disease, diagnosing, treating, and monitoring brain metastases has become a central topic in the care of patients with melanoma. Patients with brain metastases from melanoma are typically excluded from pivotal clinical trials. When allowed, inclusion and exclusion criteria are rather selective and do not reflect the larger population of melanoma patients with brain metastases who frequently present with neurological symptoms and signs and require steroid medications. Moreover, the lack of consensus on reporting symptomatic brain involvement complicates the interpretation and implications of trial results for the overall population of patients with melanoma and brain metastasis. Here, we review the evidence regarding brain metastasis from melanoma and discuss the challenges of longitudinal neurological clinical assessments, including tools to capture cognition and quality of life. Finally, we propose the adoption of standardized tools to interpret neurological deficits in patients with melanoma and brain metastases and to assess the neurological status in the context of clinical trials."
4343,brain tumour,38991282,Second-line treatment outcomes after first-line chemotherapy plus immunotherapy in Extensive-Stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) patients: A large French multicenter study.,Chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy (CT-IO) is the standard treatment for patients with Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (ES-SCLC). This study evaluates the effectiveness of second-line (2L) following CT-IO.
4344,brain tumour,38991018,A Zwitterionic Detergent and Catalyst-Based Single-Cell Proteomics Using a Loss-Free Microhole-Collection Disc.,"Recent advances in single-cell proteomics have solved many bottlenecks, such as throughput, sample recovery, and scalability via nanoscale sample handling. In this study, we aimed for a sensitive mass spectrometry (MS) analysis capable of handling single cells with a conventional mass spectrometry workflow without additional equipment. We achieved seamless cell lysis and TMT labeling in a micro-HOLe Disc (microHOLD) by developing a mass-compatible single solution based on a zwitterionic detergent and a catalyst for single-cell lysis and tandem mass tag labeling without a heat incubation step. This method was developed to avoid peptide loss by surface adsorption and buffer or tube changes by collecting tandem mass tag-labeled peptide through microholes placed in the liquid chromatography injection vials in a single solution. We successfully applied the microHOLD single-cell proteomics method for the analysis of proteome reprogramming in hormone-sensitive prostate cells to develop castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. This novel single-cell proteomics method is not limited by cutting-edge nanovolume handling equipment and achieves high throughput and ultrasensitive proteomics analysis of limited samples, such as single cells."
4345,brain tumour,38990913,In vivo mouse models for adult brain tumors: Exploring tumorigenesis and advancing immunotherapy development.,"Brain tumors, particularly glioblastoma (GBM), are devastating and challenging to treat, with a low 5-year survival rate of only 6.6%. Mouse models are established to understand tumorigenesis and develop new therapeutic strategies. Large-scale genomic studies have facilitated the identification of genetic alterations driving human brain tumor development and progression. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) with clinically relevant genetic alterations are widely used to investigate tumor origin. Additionally, syngeneic implantation models, utilizing cell lines derived from GEMMs or other sources, are popular for their consistent and relatively short latency period, addressing various brain cancer research questions. In recent years, the success of immunotherapy in specific cancer types has led to a surge in cancer immunology-related research which specifically necessitates the utilization of immunocompetent mouse models. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of GEMMs and syngeneic mouse models for adult brain tumors, emphasizing key features such as model origin, genetic alteration background, oncogenic mechanisms, and immune-related characteristics. Our review serves as a valuable resource for the brain tumor research community, aiding in the selection of appropriate models to study cancer immunology."
4346,brain tumour,38990850,"Preclinical studies of RA475, a guanidine-substituted spirocyclic candidate RPN13/ADRM1 inhibitor for treatment of ovarian cancer.","There is an urgent unmet need for more targeted and effective treatments for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The emergence of drug resistance is a particular challenge, but small molecule covalent inhibitors have promise for difficult targets and appear less prone to resistance. Michael acceptors are covalent inhibitors that form bonds with cysteines or other nucleophilic residues in the target protein. However, many are categorized as pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS) and considered unsuitable as drugs due to their tendency to react non-specifically. Targeting RPN13/ADRM1-mediated substrate recognition and deubiquitination by the proteasome 19S Regulatory Particle (RP) is a promising treatment strategy. Early candidate RPN13 inhibitors (iRPN13) produced a toxic accumulation of very high molecular weight polyubiquitinated substrates, resulting in therapeutic activity in mice bearing liquid or solid tumor models, including ovarian cancer; however, they were not drug-like (PAINS) because of their central piperidone core. Up284 instead has a central spiro-carbon ring. We hypothesized that adding a guanidine moiety to the central ring nitrogen of Up284 would produce a compound, RA475, with improved drug-like properties and therapeutic activity in murine models of ovarian cancer. RA475 produced a rapid accumulation of high molecular polyubiquitinated proteins in cancer cell lines associated with apoptosis, similar to Up284 although it was 3-fold less cytotoxic. RA475 competed binding of biotinylated Up284 to RPN13. RA475 shows improved solubility and distinct pharmacodynamic properties compared to Up284. Specifically, tetraubiquitin firefly luciferase expressed in leg muscle was stabilized in mice more effectively upon IP treatment with RA475 than with Up284. However, pharmacologic analysis showed that RA475 was more rapidly cleared from the circulation, and less orally available than Up284. RA475 shows reduced ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and in vitro inhibition of HERG. Treatment of mice with RA475 profoundly inhibited the intraperitoneal growth of the ID8-luciferase ovarian tumor model. Likewise, RA475 treatment of immunocompetent mice inhibited the growth of spontaneous genetically-engineered peritoneal tumor, as did weekly cisplatin dosing. The combination of RA475 and cisplatin significantly extended survival compared to individual treatments, consistent with synergistic cytotoxicity in vitro. In sum, RA475 is a promising candidate covalent RPN13i with potential utility for treatment of patients with advanced EOC in combination with cisplatin."
4347,brain tumour,38990845,Detection of cell-free tumor DNA in cerebrospinal fluid as a diagnostic biomarker for leptomeningeal melanoma metastasis: A case series.,"Leptomeningeal melanoma metastases (LMM) are associated with poor survival. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, brain MRI and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Inconclusive findings at initial presentation can delay treatment. In this single-center case series, detection of BRAF"
4348,brain tumour,38990448,Risk Factors and Predictive Nomogram for Survival in Elderly Patients with Brain Glioma.,To determine the factors that contribute to the survival of elderly individuals diagnosed with brain glioma and develop a prognostic nomogram.
4349,brain tumour,38990445,Simplifying synthesis of the expanding glioblastoma literature: a topic modeling approach.,"Our study aims to discover the leading topics within glioblastoma (GB) research, and to examine if these topics have ""hot"" or ""cold"" trends. Additionally, we aim to showcase the potential of natural language processing (NLP) in facilitating research syntheses, offering an efficient strategy to dissect the landscape of academic literature in the realm of GB research."
4350,brain tumour,38990444,Prognostic value of surgical resection over biopsy in elderly patients with glioblastoma: a meta-analysis.,"Maximal-safe resection has been shown to improve overall survival in elderly patients with glioblastoma in observational studies, however, the only clinical trial comparing resection versus biopsy in elderly patients with surgically-accessible glioblastoma showed no improvements in overall survival. A meta-analysis is needed to assess whether surgical resection of glioblastoma in older patients improves surgical outcomes when compared to biopsy alone."
4351,brain tumour,38990096,"Differences in the Prognostic Role of Age, Extent of Resection, and Tumor Grade between Astrocytoma IDHmt and Oligodendroglioma: A Single-Center Cohort Study.",IDH-mutant glioma is classified as oligodendroglioma or astrocytoma based on 1p19q-codeletion. Whether prognostic factors are similar between these tumor types is not well understood.
4352,brain tumour,38989745,The prognostic effect of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and De Ritis ratio in glioblastoma multiforme patients.,"Individuals with a higher De Ritis ratio (aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have an inferior survival in varied malignancies. To our knowledge, the prognostic potential of the De Ritis ratio and NLR to predict the survival in nonmetastatic glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the prognostic power of the De Ritis ratio and NLR in patients with nonmetastatic glioblastoma multiforme."
4353,brain tumour,38989705,Dual-targeting liposomes modified with BTP-7 and pHA for combined delivery of TCPP and TMZ to enhance the anti-tumour effect in glioblastoma cells.,To construct a novel nano-carrier with dual ligands to achieve superior anti-tumour efficacy and lower toxic side effects.
4354,brain tumour,38989697,Targeting HTR2B suppresses nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma growth and sensitizes cabergoline treatment via inhibiting Gαq/PLC/PKCγ/STAT3 axis.,Managing nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) is difficult due to limited drug treatments. Cabergoline's (CAB) effectiveness for NFPAs is debated. This study explores the role of HTR2B in NFPAs and its therapeutic potential.
4355,brain tumour,38989551,Metabolomic and Proteomic Analysis of ApoE4-Carrying H4 Neuroglioma Cells in Alzheimer's Disease Using OrbiSIMS and LC-MS/MS.,"Growing clinical evidence reveals that systematic molecular alterations in the brain occur 20 years before the onset of AD pathological features. Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is one of the most significant genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is not only associated with the AD pathological features such as amyloid-β deposition, phosphorylation of tau proteins, and neuroinflammation but is also involved in metabolism, neuron growth, and synaptic plasticity. Multiomics, such as metabolomics and proteomics, are applied widely in identifying key disease-related molecular alterations and disease-progression-related changes. Despite recent advances in the development of analytical technologies, screening the entire profile of metabolites remains challenging due to the numerous classes of compounds with diverse chemical properties that require different extraction processes for mass spectrometry. In this study, we utilized Orbitrap Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (OrbiSIMS) as a chemical filtering screening tool to examine molecular alterations in ApoE4-carried neuroglioma cells compared to wild-type H4 cells. The findings were compared using liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS targeted metabolomics analysis for the confirmation of specific metabolite classes. Detected alterations in peptide fragments by OrbiSIMS provided preliminary indications of protein changes. These were extensively analyzed through proteomics to explore ApoE4's impact on proteins. Our metabolomics approach, combining OrbiSIMS and LC-MS/MS, revealed disruptions in lipid metabolism, including glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids, as well as amino acid metabolism, encompassing alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; glutamine metabolism; and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. Further LC-MS/MS proteomics studies confirmed the dysfunction in amino acid and tRNA aminoacylation metabolic processes, and highlighted RNA splicing alterations influenced by ApoE4."
4356,brain tumour,38989447,Unilateral arm weakness following retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular germ cell tumour.,No abstract found
4357,brain tumour,38989422,Efficacy of first-line chemotherapy based on primary site of tumor versus etoposide-platinum in advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma.,"Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (GEP-NECs) constitute a rare and aggressive group of malignancies usually with widespread disease. There are limited studies on GEP-NECs, and therefore, we aim to acquire more information on the clinical features, treatment regimens, and prognosis."
4358,brain tumour,38989402,Intrathecal topotecan with systemic checkpoint inhibitor therapy for gastroesophageal cancer with leptomeningeal involvement: two case reports and review of the literature.,"Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) in gastroesophageal (GE) malignancies are exceedingly rare. Historically, treatment for LM has included steroids, radiation, chemotherapy, and intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy. However, the outcomes in GE malignancies with LM remain poor. Unfortunately, clinical trials in GE malignancies have traditionally excluded those with LM, limiting advances in therapeutic strategies. Given that LM poses potentially devastating neurologic and psychologic sequelae, there is an urgent need for more effective treatments."
4359,brain tumour,38989284,Single-cell transcriptomic analysis identifies downregulated phosphodiesterase 8B as a novel oncogene in IDH-mutant glioma.,"Glioma, a prevalent and deadly brain tumor, is marked by significant cellular heterogeneity and metabolic alterations. However, the comprehensive cell-of-origin and metabolic landscape in high-grade (Glioblastoma Multiforme, WHO grade IV) and low-grade (Oligoastrocytoma, WHO grade II) gliomas remains elusive."
4360,brain tumour,38989178,Fluorescence in neurosurgery: its therapeutic and diagnostic significance - a comprehensive review.,"This review provides a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic and diagnostic implications of fluorescence imaging in neurosurgery. Fluorescence imaging has become a valuable intraoperative visualization and guidance tool, facilitating precise surgical interventions. The therapeutic role of fluorescence is examined, including its application in photodynamic therapy and tumor-targeted therapy. It also explores its diagnostic capabilities in tumor detection, margin assessment, and blood-brain barrier evaluation. Drawing from clinical and preclinical studies, the review underscores the growing evidence supporting the efficacy of fluorescence imaging in neurosurgical practice. Furthermore, it discusses current limitations and future directions, emphasizing the potential for emerging technologies to enhance the utility and accessibility of fluorescence imaging, ultimately improving patient outcomes in neurosurgery."
4361,brain tumour,38989164,Glioneuronal tumor in an autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease patient: a case report and literature review.,"The association between primary brain tumors, such as glioneuronal tumors, with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) remains poorly understood, with only two cases reported excluding this one. This case of an ADPKD patient diagnosed with a rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor highlights an exceptionally rare potential association warranting further investigation."
4362,brain tumour,38988988,An enhanced pattern detection and segmentation of brain tumors in MRI images using deep learning technique.,"Neuroscience is a swiftly progressing discipline that aims to unravel the intricate workings of the human brain and mind. Brain tumors, ranging from non-cancerous to malignant forms, pose a significant diagnostic challenge due to the presence of more than 100 distinct types. Effective treatment hinges on the precise detection and segmentation of these tumors early. We introduce a cutting-edge deep-learning approach employing a binary convolutional neural network (BCNN) to address this. This method is employed to segment the 10 most prevalent brain tumor types and is a significant improvement over current models restricted to only segmenting four types. Our methodology begins with acquiring MRI images, followed by a detailed preprocessing stage where images undergo binary conversion using an adaptive thresholding method and morphological operations. This prepares the data for the next step, which is segmentation. The segmentation identifies the tumor type and classifies it according to its grade (Grade I to Grade IV) and differentiates it from healthy brain tissue. We also curated a unique dataset comprising 6,600 brain MRI images specifically for this study. The overall performance achieved by our proposed model is 99.36%. The effectiveness of our model is underscored by its remarkable performance metrics, achieving 99.40% accuracy, 99.32% precision, 99.45% recall, and a 99.28% F-Measure in segmentation tasks."
4363,brain tumour,38988707,GQIcombi application to subdue glioma via differentiation therapy.,"Current therapy protocols fail to cure high-grade gliomas and prevent recurrence. Therefore, novel approaches need to be developed. A re-programing of glioma cell fate is an alternative attractive way to stop tumor growth. The two-step protocol applies the antiproliferative GQ bi-(AID-1-T) and small molecule inducers with BDNF to trigger neural differentiation into terminally differentiated cells, and it is very effective on GB cell cultures. This original approach is a successful example of the ""differentiation therapy"". To demonstrate a versatility of this approach, in this publication we have extended a palette of cell cultures to gliomas of II, III and IV Grades, and proved an applicability of that version of differential therapy for a variety of tumor cells. We have justified a sequential mode of adding of GQIcombi components to the glioma cells. We have shown a significant retardation of tumor growth after a direct injection of GQIcombi into the tumor in rat brain, model 101/8. Thus, the proposed strategy of influencing on cancer cell growth is applicable to be further translated for therapy use."
4364,brain tumour,38988550,SurvNet: A low-complexity convolutional neural network for survival time classification of patients with glioblastoma.,Malignant primary brain tumors cause the greatest number of years of life lost than any other cancer. Grade 4 glioma is particularly devastating: The median survival without any treatment is less than six months and with standard-of-care treatment is only 14.6 months. Accurate identification of the overall survival time of patients with brain tumors is of profound importance in many clinical applications. Automated image analytics with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide insights into the prognosis of patients with brain tumors.
4365,brain tumour,38988337,"EASL: A Framework for Designing, Implementing, and Evaluating ML Solutions in Clinical Healthcare Settings.","We introduce the Explainable Analytical Systems Lab (EASL) framework, an end-to-end solution designed to facilitate the development, implementation, and evaluation of clinical machine learning (ML) tools. EASL is highly versatile and applicable to a variety of contexts and includes resources for data management, ML model development, visualization and user interface development, service hosting, and usage analytics. To demonstrate its practical applications, we present the EASL framework in the context of a case study: designing and evaluating a deep learning classifier to predict diagnoses from medical imaging. The framework is composed of three modules, each with their own set of resources. The Workbench module stores data and develops initial ML models, the Canvas module contains a medical imaging viewer and web development framework, and the Studio module hosts the ML model and provides web analytics and support for conducting user studies. EASL encourages model developers to take a holistic view by integrating the model development, implementation, and evaluation into one framework, and thus ensures that models are both effective and reliable when used in a clinical setting. EASL contributes to our understanding of machine learning applied to healthcare by providing a comprehensive framework that makes it easier to develop and evaluate ML tools within a clinical setting."
4366,brain tumour,38988178,Cytological features of ependymal and choroid plexus tumours.,"Ependymal and choroid plexus tumours arise in anatomically related regions. Their intraoperative differential diagnosis is large and depends on factors such as age, tumour site and clinical presentation. Squash cytology can provide valuable information in this context. Cytological features of conventional ependymomas, subependymomas and myxopapillary ependymomas as well as choroid plexus tumours are reviewed and illustrated. Differential diagnostic considerations integrating morphological and clinical information are discussed."
4367,brain tumour,38988170,"Key Challenges, Influencing Factors, and Future Perspectives of Nanosuspensions in Enhancing Brain Drug Delivery.","Many brain diseases pose serious challenges to human life. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) are common neurodegenerative diseases that seriously threaten human health. Glioma is a common malignant tumor. However, drugs cannot cross physiological and pathological barriers and most therapeutic drugs cannot enter the brain because of the presence of the Blood-brain Barrier (BBB) and Bloodbrain Tumor Barrier (BBTB). How to enable drugs to penetrate the BBB to enter the brain, reduce systemic toxicity, and penetrate BBTB to exert therapeutic effects has become a challenge. Nanosuspension can successfully formulate drugs that are difficult to dissolve in water and oil by using surfactants as stabilizers, which is suitable for the brain target delivery of class II and IV drugs in the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS). In nanosuspension drug delivery systems, the physical properties of nanostructures have a great impact on the accumulation of drugs at the target site, such as the brain. Optimizing the physical parameters of the nanosuspension can improve the efficiency of brain drug delivery and disease treatment. Therefore, the key challenges, influencing factors, and future perspectives of nanosuspension in enhancing brain drug delivery are summarized and reviewed here. This article aims to provide a better understanding of nanosuspension formulation technology used for brain delivery and strategies used to overcome various physiological barriers."
4368,brain tumour,38987805,From bench to bedside: the application of cannabidiol in glioma.,"Glioma is the most common malignant tumor in central nervous system, with significant health burdens to patients. Due to the intrinsic characteristics of glioma and the lack of breakthroughs in treatment modalities, the prognosis for most patients remains poor. This results in a heavy psychological and financial load worldwide. In recent years, cannabidiol (CBD) has garnered widespread attention and research due to its anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. This review comprehensively summarizes the preclinical and clinical research on the use of CBD in glioma therapy, as well as the current status of nanomedicine formulations of CBD, and discusses the potential and challenges of CBD in glioma therapy in the future."
4369,brain tumour,38987630,Localization of protoporphyrin IX during glioma-resection surgery via paired stimulated Raman histology and fluorescence microscopy.,"The most widely used fluorophore in glioma-resection surgery, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), is thought to cause the selective accumulation of fluorescent protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in tumour cells. Here we show that the clinical detection of PpIX can be improved via a microscope that performs paired stimulated Raman histology and two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy (TPEF). We validated the technique in fresh tumour specimens from 115 patients with high-grade gliomas across four medical institutions. We found a weak negative correlation between tissue cellularity and the fluorescence intensity of PpIX across all imaged specimens. Semi-supervised clustering of the TPEF images revealed five distinct patterns of PpIX fluorescence, and spatial transcriptomic analyses of the imaged tissue showed that myeloid cells predominate in areas where PpIX accumulates in the intracellular space. Further analysis of external spatially resolved metabolomics, transcriptomics and RNA-sequencing datasets from glioblastoma specimens confirmed that myeloid cells preferentially accumulate and metabolize PpIX. Our findings question 5-ALA-induced fluorescence in glioma cells and show how 5-ALA and TPEF imaging can provide a window into the immune microenvironment of gliomas."
4370,brain tumour,38987604,"Single-cell atlas of the human brain vasculature across development, adulthood and disease.","A broad range of brain pathologies critically relies on the vasculature, and cerebrovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. However, the cellular and molecular architecture of the human brain vasculature remains incompletely understood"
4371,brain tumour,38987542,Immuno-oncologic profiling of pediatric brain tumors reveals major clinical significance of the tumor immune microenvironment.,"With the success of immunotherapy in cancer, understanding the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has become increasingly important; however in pediatric brain tumors this remains poorly characterized. Accordingly, we developed a clinical immune-oncology gene expression assay and used it to profile a diverse range of 1382 samples with detailed clinical and molecular annotation. In low-grade gliomas we identify distinct patterns of immune activation with prognostic significance in BRAF V600E-mutant tumors. In high-grade gliomas, we observe immune activation and T-cell infiltrates in tumors that have historically been considered immune cold, as well as genomic correlates of inflammation levels. In mismatch repair deficient high-grade gliomas, we find that high tumor inflammation signature is a significant predictor of response to immune checkpoint inhibition, and demonstrate the potential for multimodal biomarkers to improve treatment stratification. Importantly, while overall patterns of immune activation are observed for histologically and genetically defined tumor types, there is significant variability within each entity, indicating that the TIME must be evaluated as an independent feature from diagnosis. In sum, in addition to the histology and molecular profile, this work underscores the importance of reporting on the TIME as an essential axis of cancer diagnosis in the era of personalized medicine."
4372,brain tumour,38987430,CD87-targeted BiTE and CAR-T cells potently inhibit invasive nonfunctional pituitary adenomas.,"Recently, bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) and chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-Ts) have been shown to have high therapeutic efficacy in hematological tumors. CD87 is highly expressed in solid tumors with an oncogenic function. To assess their cytotoxic effects on invasive nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (iNFPAs), we first examined CD87 expression and its effects on the metabolism of iNFPA cells. We generated CD87-specific BiTE and CAR/IL-12 T cells, and their cytotoxic effects on iNFPAs cells and in mouse models were determined. CD87 had high expression in iNFPA tissue and cell samples but was undetected in noncancerous brain samples. CD87×CD3 BiTE and CD87 CAR/IL-12 T-cells showed antigenic specificity and exerted satisfactory cytotoxic effects, decreasing tumor cell proliferation in vitro and reducing existing tumors in experimental mice. Overall, the above findings suggest that CD87 is a promising target for the immunotherapeutic management of iNFPAs using anti-CD87 BiTE and CD87-specific CAR/IL-12 T cells."
4373,brain tumour,38987218,Human platelet lysate supports SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell proliferation and differentiation into a dopaminergic-like neuronal phenotype under xenogeneic-free culture conditions.,"SH-SY5Y is a human neuroblastoma cell line that can be differentiated into several neuronal phenotypes, depending on culture conditions. For this reason, this cell line has been widely used as an in vitro model of neurodegenerative conditions, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, most studies published to date used fetal bovine serum (FBS) as culture medium supplement for SH-SY5Y cell differentiation. We report on the testing of human platelet lysate (hPL) as a culture medium supplement to support SH-SY5Y cell culture. Both standard hPL and a fibrinogen-depleted hPL (FD-hPL) formulation, which does not require the addition of anticoagulants to culture media, promoted an increase in SH-SY5Y cell proliferation in comparison to FBS, without compromising metabolic activity. SH-SY5Y cells cultured in hPL or FD-hPL also displayed a higher number of neurite extensions and stained positive for MAP2 and synaptophysin, in the absence of differentiation stimuli; reducing hPL or FD-hPL concentration to 1% v/v did not affect cell proliferation or metabolic activity. Furthermore, following treatment with retinoic acid (RA) and further stimulation with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor beta (NGF-β), the percentage of SH-SY5Y cells stained positive for dopaminergic neuronal differentiation markers (tyrosine hydroxylase [TH] and Dopamine Transporter [DAT]) was higher in hPL or FD-hPL than in FBS, and gene expression of dopaminergic markers TH, DAT, and DR2 was also detected. Overall, the data herein presented supports the use of hPL to differentiate SH-SY5Y cells into a neuronal phenotype with dopaminergic features, and the adoption of FD-hPL as a fully xenogeneic free alternative to FBS to support the use of SH-SY5Y cells as a neurodegeneration model."
4374,brain tumour,38986953,Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) Biomarker Alterations in Brain Metastases and Comparable Tumors: A Systematic Review of DTI and Tractography Findings.,Brain metastases (BMs) are the most frequent tumors of the central nervous system. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging technique that provides insights into brain microstructural alterations and tensor metrics and generates tractography to visualize white matter fiber tracts based on diffusion directionality. This systematic review assessed evidence from DTI biomarker alterations in BMs and comparable tumors such as glioblastoma.
4375,brain tumour,38986945,The Feasibility of Robot-assisted Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (LITT) for Brain Tumors in Octogenarians.,"The use of robot-assisted laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is emerging as a viable treatment option for brain tumors in patients aged 80-90 years (octogenarians). Correspondingly, the aim of this study was to describe the clinical feasibility of octogenarians undergoing LITT procedure for brain tumors at our institution."
4376,brain tumour,38986934,Optimizing Tissue Harvesting Techniques for Establishing Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Organoids.,"Brain tumors display remarkable cellular and molecular diversity, significantly impacting the progression and outcomes of the disease. The utilization of tumor tissue acquired through surgical handheld devices for tumor characterization raises important questions regarding translational research. This study seeks to evaluate the integrity of tissue resected using a microdebrider (MD) in the context of establishing tumor organoids from glioblastomas (GBM)."
4377,brain tumour,38986915,Caught Between a Radiation Oncology Case Rate (ROCR) and a Hard Place: Improving Proposed Radiation Oncology Alternative Payment Models.,"The Radiation Oncology Case Rate (ROCR) aims to shift radiation reimbursement from fee-for-service (FFS) to bundled payments, which would decouple fractionation from reimbursement in the United States. This study compares historical reimbursement rates from 3 large centers and a national Medicare sample with proposed base rates from ROCR. It also tests the impact of methodological inclusion of treatment and disease characteristics to determine if any variables are associated with greater rate differences that may lead to inequitable reimbursement."
4378,brain tumour,38986619,TULIPs decorate the three-dimensional genome of PFA ependymoma.,"Posterior fossa group A (PFA) ependymoma is a lethal brain cancer diagnosed in infants and young children. The lack of driver events in the PFA linear genome led us to search its 3D genome for characteristic features. Here, we reconstructed 3D genomes from diverse childhood tumor types and uncovered a global topology in PFA that is highly reminiscent of stem and progenitor cells in a variety of human tissues. A remarkable feature exclusively present in PFA are type B ultra long-range interactions in PFAs (TULIPs), regions separated by great distances along the linear genome that interact with each other in the 3D nuclear space with surprising strength. TULIPs occur in all PFA samples and recur at predictable genomic coordinates, and their formation is induced by expression of EZHIP. The universality of TULIPs across PFA samples suggests a conservation of molecular principles that could be exploited therapeutically."
4379,brain tumour,38986585,"[Effects of ""brain-gut coherence"" method of acupuncture on motor function and intestinal microflora in the patients with cerebral ischemic stroke].","To observe the clinical effect of ""brain-gut coherence"" method of acupuncture on cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS) and explore its action mechanism."
4380,brain tumour,38986339,Optimizing outcomes in multicompartmental brain tumor surgery: A comparative study of integrated endoscopic and microsurgical techniques versus endoscope-assisted microsurgery.,"Multicompartmental lesions within the central nervous system are challenging due to their complex anatomy. This study evaluates the efficacy, safety, and utility of hybrid endoscopic and microsurgery versus endoscope-assisted microsurgery(EAM) for excising these lesions."
4381,brain tumour,38985815,Childhood cancer presentation and initial outcomes in Ethiopia: Findings from a recently opened pediatric oncology unit.,"There were no pediatric oncology centers in southwest Ethiopia prior to 2016. This study aims to describe presenting diagnoses and initial outcomes at Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC), the first pediatric oncology unit (POU) in southwest Ethiopia, provide initial insights into regional pediatric cancer epidemiology, illustrate the rapid growth of pediatric cancer services, and highlight ongoing challenges. We used a retrospective descriptive approach to assess the epidemiologic pattern and initial treatment outcomes of pediatric cancer at JUMC POU from August 2016 through December 2022. During the study period, 749 children were diagnosed with cancer at JUMC. The mean age was 7.2 years (20 days-18 years). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the most common diagnosis (16.4%), followed by non-Hodgkin lymphoma (12.4%), Wilms tumor (11.1%), soft tissue sarcoma (8.8%), Hodgkin lymphoma (8.4%), and retinoblastoma (8.3%). Brain tumors accounted for only 2.7% of the diagnoses. Of the 703 patients that were not referred elsewhere, 42% of the patients abandoned treatment, 29% died, 17% completed treatment, and 7% remained on treatment at the time of this assessment. The findings emphasize the growth in the diagnosis and treatment of children with cancer in the southwest region of Ethiopia. The data suggests a different epidemiologic profile of childhood cancer cases diagnosed at the JUMC POU compared to high-income countries and neighbouring countries in Africa. Treatment abandonment remains a barrier to care. Ongoing areas of focus include establishment of a hospital-based cancer registry, reduction of treatment abandonment, improvement of diagnostic capacity, and increased access to advanced supportive care."
4382,brain tumour,38985658,Dominant suppressor genes of p53-induced apoptosis in Drosophila melanogaster.,"One of the major functions of programmed cell death (apoptosis) is the removal of cells that suffered oncogenic mutations, thereby preventing cancerous transformation. By making use of a Double-Headed-EP (DEP) transposon, a P element derivative made in our laboratory, we made an insertional mutagenesis screen in Drosophila melanogaster to identify genes that, when overexpressed, suppress the p53-activated apoptosis. The DEP element has Gal4-activatable, outward-directed UAS promoters at both ends, which can be deleted separately in vivo. In the DEP insertion mutants, we used the GMR-Gal4 driver to induce transcription from both UAS promoters and tested the suppression effect on the apoptotic rough eye phenotype generated by an activated UAS-p53 transgene. By DEP insertions, 7 genes were identified, which suppressed the p53-induced apoptosis. In 4 mutants, the suppression effect resulted from single genes activated by 1 UAS promoter (Pka-R2, Rga, crol, and Spt5). In the other 3 (Orct2, Polr2M, and stg), deleting either UAS promoter eliminated the suppression effect. In qPCR experiments, we found that the genes in the vicinity of the DEP insertion also showed an elevated expression level. This suggested an additive effect of the nearby genes on suppressing apoptosis. In the eukaryotic genomes, there are coexpressed gene clusters. Three of the DEP insertion mutants are included, and 2 are in close vicinity of separate coexpressed gene clusters. This raises the possibility that the activity of some of the genes in these clusters may help the suppression of the apoptotic cell death."
4383,brain tumour,38985431,A clinically compatible in vitro drug-screening platform identifies therapeutic vulnerabilities in primary cultures of brain metastases.,Brain metastases represent the most common intracranial tumors in adults and are associated with a poor prognosis. We used a personalized in vitro drug screening approach to characterize individual therapeutic vulnerabilities in brain metastases.
4384,brain tumour,38985361,"""Not me!"" a qualitative, vignette-based study of nurses' and physicians' reactions to spiritual distress on neuro-oncological units.","People with primary malignant brain tumors experience serious health-related suffering caused by limited prognosis and high symptom burden. Consequently, neuro-oncological healthcare workers can be affected emotionally in a negative way. The aim of this study was to analyze the attitudes and behavior of nurses and physicians when confronted with spiritual distress in these patients."
4385,brain tumour,38985352,Intraoperative MRI without an intraoperative MRI suite: a workflow for glial tumor surgery.,"Intraoperative MRI (iMRI) has emerged as a useful tool in glioma surgery to safely improve the extent of resection. However, iMRI requires a dedicated operating room (OR) with an integrated MRI scanner solely for this purpose. Due to physical or economical restraints, this may not be feasible in all centers. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a non-dedicated MRI scanner at the radiology department for iMRI and to describe the workflow with special focus on time expenditure and surgical implications."
4386,brain tumour,38985318,Awake craniotomy in pediatric low-grade glioma: barriers and future directions.,"The goal of surgical management in pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) is gross total resection (GTR), as it is considered curative with favorable long-term outcomes. Achieving GTR can be challenging in the setting of eloquent-region gliomas, in which resection may increase risk of neurological deficits. Awake craniotomy (AC) with intraoperative neurofunctional mapping (IONM) offers a promising approach to achieve maximal resection while preserving neurological function. However, its adoption in pediatric cases has been hindered, and barriers to its adoption have not previously been elucidated."
4387,brain tumour,38985313,Epicatechin as a promising agent against arsenic-induced neurobehavioral toxicity in NMRI mice: behavioral and biochemical alterations.,"Epicatechin (Epi) is one of the most abundant flavonoids present in different fruits and tea leaves. Emerging research illuminates the promising potential of catechins to serve as a shield against the damaging effects of arsenic (As) exposure in diverse organs.This study sought to discern whether Epi exhibits a therapeutic efficacy against arsenic-induced neurotoxicity in a murine model.The Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were randomly partitioned into six distinct groups, which included a control group receiving normal saline, a group receiving a daily oral dose of arsenic (10 mg/kg) for 5 weeks, groups receiving As (10 mg/kg/day) orally for 5 weeks along with different doses of Epi (25-100 mg/kg) orally for the last 2 weeks, and a group receiving Epi (100 mg/kg) orally for 2 weeks. To assess the potential effects of Epi, neurobehavioral tests, various parameters of oxidative stress, and inflammation were evaluated.The findings of this investigation revealed that As-induced neurobehavioral toxicity was associated with a notable surge in lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide (NO) concentration, accompanied by a reduction in the levels of antioxidant markers. As heightened pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were observed alongside amplified nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. However, treatment with Epi reversed these effects.On the whole, these findings indicate that Epi may hold promise therapeutic efficacy on As-induced neurotoxicity by improving antioxidant status and mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation. Nevertheless, further research is imperative to comprehensively grasp the potential protective effects of Epi in this particular context."
4388,brain tumour,38985240,Oncogenic Gene CNOT7 Promotes Progression and Induces Poor Prognosis of Glioma.,"Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor in the central nervous system with the poor prognosis of patients. The CNOT7 (CCR4-NOT Transcription Complex Subunit 7) is an important functional subunit of CCR4-NOT protein complex that has not been reported in glioma. In this study, we aimed to explore the function of CNOT7 in glioma. The TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and CGGA (Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas) databases were used for investigating the expression and survival condition of CNOT7 in glioma. The cellular function experiments of qRT-PCR, CCK-8 assays, wound healing assays, and Transwell assays were conducted to verify the function of knockdown CNOT7 in the glioma cell lines DBTRG and U251. Enrichment analysis was used to explore the molecular mechanism of CONT7 in glioma. What is more, the upstream regulation transcription factors of CNOT7 were analyzed based on the ChIP-Atlas and cBioportal (provisional) databases, and verified by the qRT-PCR and luciferase reporter assay. The CNOT7 was highly expressed in glioma and presented the poorer prognosis. The knockdown of CNOT7 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cell line, compared to control group. The enrichment analysis revealed that the CNOT7 participated in the development of glioma via G2M checkpoint, E2F targets, IL6-JAK-STAT3, and TNF-α signaling pathways via NF-κB. Besides, it was found that the HDAC2 (Human histone deacetylase-2) contributes to increased CNOT7 expression in glioma. The high-expressed CNOT7 is an oncogene with poor prognosis and participate the progression of glioma."
4389,brain tumour,38985095,Short-term ozone exposure and cancer mortality in Brazil: A nationwide case-crossover study.,Exposure to ambient ozone (O
4390,brain tumour,38985083,Endothelial cell ferroptosis influences IDH wild-type glioblastoma growth in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme patients.,"Glioblastomas are known for their poor clinical prognosis, with recurrent tumors often exhibiting greater invasiveness and faster growth rates compared to primary tumors. To understand the intratumoral changes driving this phenomenon, we employed single-cell sequencing to analyze the differences between two pairs of primary and recurrent glioblastomas. Our findings revealed an upregulation of ferroptosis in endothelial cells within recurrent tumors, identified by the significant overexpression of the NOX4 gene. Further analysis indicated that knocking down NOX4 in endothelial cells reduced the activity of the ferroptosis pathway. Utilizing conditioned media from endothelial cells with lower ferroptosis activity, we observed a decrease in the growth rate of glioblastoma cells. These results highlighted the complex role of ferroptosis within tumors and suggested that targeting ferroptosis in the treatment of glioblastomas requires careful consideration of its effects on endothelial cells, as it may otherwise produce counterproductive outcomes."
4391,brain tumour,38984985,Stepwise Transfer Learning for Expert-level Pediatric Brain Tumor MRI Segmentation in a Limited Data Scenario.,"Purpose To develop, externally test, and evaluate clinical acceptability of a deep learning pediatric brain tumor segmentation model using stepwise transfer learning. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, the authors leveraged two T2-weighted MRI datasets (May 2001 through December 2015) from a national brain tumor consortium ("
4392,brain tumour,38984633,Patient-reported outcomes in neuro-oncology.,"To provide up-to-date evidence on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in neuro-oncology, with a focus on the core constructs of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the use of PROs in clinical trials and clinical practice.[Supplemental Digital Content: Video Abstract PROs in Neuro-Oncology.mov]."
4393,brain tumour,38984517,"Airway decision making in major head and neck surgery: Irish multicenter, multidisciplinary recommendations.","Major head and neck surgery poses a threat to perioperative airway patency. Adverse airway events are associated with significant morbidity, potentially leading to hypoxic brain injury and even death. Following a review of the literature, recommendations regarding airway management in head and neck surgery were developed with multicenter, multidisciplinary agreement among all Irish head and neck units. Immediate extubation is appropriate in many cases where there is a low risk of adverse airway events. Where a prolonged definitive airway is required, elective tracheostomy provides increased airway security postoperatively while delayed extubation may be appropriate in select cases to reduce postoperative morbidity. Local institutional protocols should be developed to care for a tracheostomy once inserted. We provide guidance on decision making surrounding airway management at time of head and neck surgery. All decisions should be agreed between the operating, anesthetic, and critical care teams."
4394,brain tumour,38984451,Metal-Doping Strategy for Carbon-Based Sonosensitizer in Sonodynamic Therapy of Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor and known for its challenging prognosis. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an innovative therapeutic approach that shows promise in tumor elimination by activating sonosensitizers with low-intensity ultrasound. In this study, a novel sonosensitizer is synthesized using Cu-doped carbon dots (Cu-CDs) for the sonodynamic treatment of GBM. Doping with copper transforms the carbon dots into a p-n type semiconductor having a bandgap of 1.58 eV, a prolonged lifespan of 10.7 µs, and an improved electron- and hole-separation efficiency. The sonodynamic effect is efficiency enhanced. Western blot analysis reveals that the Cu-CDs induces a biological response leading to cell death, termed as cuproptosis. Specifically, Cu-CDs upregulate dihydrosulfanyl transacetylase expression, thereby establishing a synergistic therapeutic effect against tumor cell death when combined with SDT. Furthermore, Cu-CDs exhibit excellent permeability through the blood-brain barrier and potent anti-tumor activity. Importantly, the Cu-CDs effectively impede the growth of glioblastoma tumors and prolong the survival of mice bearing these tumors. This study provides support for the application of carbon-based nanomaterials as sonosensitizers in tumor therapy."
4395,brain tumour,38983929,Immune microenvironment and immunotherapy for chordoma.,"Chordoma, as a rare, low-grade malignant tumor that tends to occur in the midline of the body, grows slowly but often severely invades surrounding tissues and bones. Due to the severe invasion and damage to the surrounding tissues, chordoma is difficult to be gross totally resected in surgery, and the progression of the residual tumor is often unavoidable. Besides, the tumor is insensitive to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, thus finding effective treatment methods for chordoma is urgent. Nowadays, immunotherapy has made a series of breakthroughs and shown good therapeutic effects in kinds of tumors, which brings new insights into tumors without effective treatment strategies. With the deepening of research on immunotherapy, some studies focused on the immune microenvironment of chordoma have been published, most of them concentrated on the infiltration of immune cells, the expression of tumor-specific antigen or the immune checkpoint expression. On this basis, a series of immunotherapy studies of chordoma are under way, some of which have shown encouraging results. In this review, we reviewed the research about immune microenvironment and immunotherapy for chordoma, combined with the existing clinical trials data, hoping to clarify the frontiers and limitations of chordoma immune research, and provide reference for follow-up immunotherapy research on chordoma."
4396,brain tumour,38983918,The role of lactate-induced protein lactylation in gliomas: implications for preclinical research and the development of new treatments.,"The most prevalent primary brain tumors in adults are gliomas. In addition to insufficient therapeutic alternatives, gliomas are fatal mostly due to the rapid proliferation and continuous infiltration of tumor cells into the surrounding healthy brain tissue. According to a growing body of research, aerobic glycolysis, or the Warburg effect, promotes glioma development because gliomas are heterogeneous cancers that undergo metabolic reprogramming. Therefore, addressing the Warburg effect might be a useful therapeutic strategy for treating cancer. Lactate plays a critical role in reprogramming energy metabolism, allowing cells to rapidly access large amounts of energy. Lactate, a byproduct of glycolysis, is therefore present in rapidly proliferating cells and tumors. In addition to the protumorigenesis pathways of lactate synthesis, circulation, and consumption, lactate-induced lactylation has been identified in recent investigations. Lactate plays crucial roles in modulating immune processes, maintaining homeostasis, and promoting metabolic reprogramming in tumors, which are processes regulated by the lactate-induced lactylation of the lysine residues of histones. In this paper, we discuss the discovery and effects of lactylation, review the published studies on how protein lactylation influences cancer growth and further explore novel treatment approaches to achieve improved antitumor effects by targeting lactylation. These findings could lead to a new approach and guidance for improving the prognosis of patients with gliomas."
4397,brain tumour,38983132,Liposomal Nanomaterials: A Rising Star in Glioma Treatment.,"Glioma is a primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system. In recent years, the treatment of glioma has developed rapidly, but the overall survival of glioma patients has not significantly improved. Due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier and intracranial tumor barrier, many drugs with good effects to cure glioma in vitro cannot be accurately transported to the corresponding lesions. In order to enable anti-tumor drugs to overcome the barriers and target glioma, nanodrug delivery systems have emerged recently. It is gratifying that liposomes, as a multifunctional nanodrug delivery carrier, which can be compatible with hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, easily functionalized by various targeted ligands, biodegradable, and hypoimmunogenic in vivo, has become a quality choice to solve the intractable problem of glioma medication. Therefore, we focused on the liposome nanodrug delivery system, and summarized its current research progress in glioma. Hopefully, this review may provide new ideas for the research and development of liposome-based nanomaterials for the clinical treatment of glioma."
4398,brain tumour,38983127,Real‑world evidence of advanced non‑small cell lung carcinoma treated with an immune checkpoint inhibitor plus chemotherapy.,"Immunotherapy is an effective treatment strategy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although clinical trials on immunotherapy have provided promising results, real-world research in clinical practice is needed to assess the effectiveness and safety of immunotherapy. The present study aimed to characterize real-world outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based regimens. The medical records of patients with advanced NSCLC, who were treated with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, were reviewed for data collection. The primary objectives were to evaluate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Therefore, multiple Cox regression models were used to investigate the predictive factors for survival outcomes. Furthermore, survival curves for PFS and OS were created using Kaplan-Meier estimates and compared using the log-rank test. The present study included a total of 133 patients with advanced NSCLC who received therapy with ICIs between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2022. The final follow-up date was August 24, 2023. The median PFS and OS times were 9.8 and 27.2 months, respectively. Univariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that sex, clinical stage, PD-L1 status, previous systemic therapy, and brain and liver metastases were associated with PFS, while Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status, clinical stage, PD-L1 status and brain metastasis were associated with OS. Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that a PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) of ≥50% was an indicator of favorable PFS and OS. An ECOG performance status score of ≥1 was also associated with poor OS but not with PFS. Furthermore, brain metastasis was an indicator for poor PFS and OS, while liver metastasis was only associated with a poor PFS. Finally, the results of the present study demonstrated that PD-L1 status was an independent predictor for PFS and OS in patients with advanced NSCLC, especially adenocarcinoma, who were treated with ICIs plus chemotherapy. The results also suggested that patients with a PD-L1 TPS of ≥50% could benefit when the aforementioned regimens were administrated as a first-line or later-line therapy."
4399,brain tumour,38983105,Familial schwannomatosis carrying ,"Schwannomatosis (SWN) is a rare genetic condition characterized by the risk of developing multiple benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors; however, the risk of developing malignant tumors in patients with SWN remains unclear. This study described the case of a 57-year-old Japanese man diagnosed with SWN whose older brother also had SWN. Whole-exome sequencing identified a heterozygous mutation [c.1018C > T (p.Arg340X)] in the "
4400,brain tumour,38982916,Glioblastoma Multiforme miRNA based Comprehensive Study to Validate Phytochemicals for Effective Treatment against Deadly Tumour through ,"Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a prevalent and deadly type of primary astrocytoma, constituting over 60% of adult brain tumors, and has a poor prognosis, with a high relapse rate within 7 months of diagnosis. Despite surgical, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy treatments, GBM remains challenging due to resistance. MicroRNA (miRNAs) control gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels by targeting their messenger RNA (mRNA), and also contribute to the development of various neoplasms, including GBM."
4401,brain tumour,38982613,Decision making for health-related research outcomes that alter diagnosis: A model from paediatric brain tumours.,"The question of how to handle clinically actionable outcomes from retrospective research studies is poorly explored. In neuropathology, this problem is exacerbated by ongoing refinement in tumour classification. We sought to establish a disclosure threshold for potential revised diagnoses as determined by the neuro-oncology speciality."
4402,brain tumour,38982561,IL-13Rα2/TGF-β bispecific CAR-T cells counter TGF-β-mediated immune suppression and potentiate anti-tumor responses in glioblastoma.,"Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies targeting glioblastoma (GBM)-associated antigens such as interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 (IL-13Rα2) have achieved limited clinical efficacy to date, in part due to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) characterized by inhibitory molecules such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). The aim of this study was to engineer more potent GBM-targeting CAR-T cells by countering TGF-β-mediated immune suppression in the TME."
4403,brain tumour,38982482,Central nervous system involvement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a case report and review of literature.,"Central nervous system involvement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia rarely occurs, and there is no standard therapy for central nervous system involvement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This article aims to analyze the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system involvement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia."
4404,brain tumour,38982409,Malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the kidney with IGF2 secretion and without hypoglycemia.,"Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare fibroblastic mesenchymal tumor that mostly involves the pleura and infrequently involves extra-pleural sites. De novo SFT of the kidney is uncommon, and malignant SFT is extremely rare."
4405,brain tumour,38982347,Recursive partitioning analysis for survival stratification and early imaging prediction of molecular biomarker in glioma patients.,"Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor with high mortality and disability rates. Recent studies have highlighted the significant prognostic consequences of subtyping molecular pathological markers using tumor samples, such as IDH, 1p/19q, and TERT. However, the relative importance of individual markers or marker combinations in affecting patient survival remains unclear. Moreover, the high cost and reliance on postoperative tumor samples hinder the widespread use of these molecular markers in clinical practice, particularly during the preoperative period. We aim to identify the most prominent molecular biomarker combination that affects patient survival and develop a preoperative MRI-based predictive model and clinical scoring system for this combination."
4406,brain tumour,38982088,Inferring the natural history of HPV from global cancer registries: insights from a multi-country calibration.,"Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the cause of almost all cases of cervical cancer, a disease that kills some 340,000 women per year. The timeline from initial infection with HPV to the onset of invasive cervical cancer spans decades, and observational studies of this process are limited to settings in which treatment of precancerous lesions was withheld or inadequate. Such studies have been critical for understanding the natural history of HPV. Modeling can shed additional insight on the natural history of HPV, especially across geographical settings with varying prevalence of factors known to affect the host-side immune response to HPV, such as HIV and tobacco use. In this study, we create models for the 30 most populous countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, each with country-specific demographic, and behavioral inputs. We found that it was not possible to fit the data if we assumed that the natural history parameters were exactly identical for all countries, even after accounting for demographic and behavioral differences, but that we could achieve a good fit with the addition of a single immunocompetence parameter for each country. Our results indicate that variation in host immune responses may play a role in explaining the differences in the burden of cervical cancer between countries, which in turn implies a greater need for more geographically diverse data collection to understand the natural history of HPV."
4407,brain tumour,38981998,High-resolution and highly accelerated MRI T2 mapping as a tool to characterise renal tumour subtypes and grades.,"Clinical imaging tools to probe aggressiveness of renal masses are lacking, and T2-weighted imaging as an integral part of magnetic resonance imaging protocol only provides qualitative information. We developed high-resolution and accelerated T2 mapping methods based on echo merging and using k-t undersampling and reduced flip angles (TEMPURA) and tested their potential to quantify differences between renal tumour subtypes and grades."
4408,brain tumour,38981890,Specific brain MRI features of constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome in children with high-grade gliomas.,"Children with constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) syndrome have an increased risk of high-grade gliomas (HGG), and brain imaging abnormalities. This study analyzes brain imaging features in CMMRD syndrome children versus those with HGG without CMMRD."
4409,brain tumour,38981814,Nonspecific inflammatory pseudotumor of the maxillary and temporal fossa: a study of seven cases.,"Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a rare, locally aggressive, benign neoplasm of unknown etiology. Because of its aggressive clinical behavior and locally destructive or infiltrative features, it may be mistaken for a malignant tumor. Approximately 5%-44% of extrapulmonary IPT occur in the head and neck, primarily affecting the orbit."
4410,brain tumour,38981638,Intracerebral benign fibrous histiocytoma.,"Benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH) within the intracerebral region is remarkably rare. Our report details 2 cases of unusual BFH instances that exhibit no adhesion to the dura mater or cerebral falx, accompanied by a comprehensive literature review. While magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates specific characteristics for BFH, it does not readily differentiate BFH from more common brain neoplasms like gliomas and metastatic tumors. The definitive diagnosis of BFH depends primarily on histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. Total surgical resection is considered an efficacious therapeutic approach, emphasizing the necessity for prolonged postoperative surveillance to detect any potential tumor recurrence or metastasis."
4411,brain tumour,38981632,"Unraveling morphology, methylation profiling, and diagnostic challenges in BRAF-Mutant pediatric glial and glioneuronal tumors.","To elucidate the relationship between DNA methylation profiling (DMP) and pathological diagnosis (PD) in pediatric glial and glioneuronal tumors with B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase "
4412,brain tumour,38981555,Immune and regulative characterization of complement-related gene cfhl5 in response to Vibrio harveyi challenge in Cynoglossus semilaevis.,"Complement factor H-related protein (CFHR) plays an important role in regulating complement activation and defensive responses. The function of CFHR2 (complement factor H related 2), a member of the CFHR family, in fish remains unclear. Here, we report the genetic relationship, expression characteristics and regulatory mechanism of cfhl5 (complement factor H like 5) gene, which encodes CFHR2 in Chinese tongue sole. We observed that the cfhl5 gene was widely expressed in several tissues, such as brain, heart and immune organs, and was most abundantly expressed in liver. After injection with Vibrio harveyi, the expression of cfhl5 was up-regulated significantly in liver, spleen and kidney at 12 or 24 hours post infection (hpi), suggesting an involvement of this gene in the acute immune response. Knockdown of cfhl5 in liver cells significantly up-regulated the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tnf-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and il1β (interleukin-1beta), the immunomodulatory factor il10 (interleukin-10) and the lectin complement pathway gene masp1 (MBL-associated serine protease 1), and down-regulated the expression of complement components c3 (complement 3) and cfi (complement factor I). In our previous work, we found that cfhl5 gene was significantly higher methylated and lower expressed in the resistant family compared with the susceptible family. Therefore, we used dual-luciferase reporter system to determine the effect of DNA methylation on this gene and found that DNA methylation could inhibit the promoter activity to reduce its expression. These results demonstrated that the expression of cfhl5 is regulated by DNA methylation, and this gene might play an important role in the immune response by regulating the expression of cytokines and complement components genes in Chinese tongue sole."
4413,brain tumour,38981438,Multi-scale signaling and tumor evolution in high-grade gliomas.,"Although genomic anomalies in glioblastoma (GBM) have been well studied for over a decade, its 5-year survival rate remains lower than 5%. We seek to expand the molecular landscape of high-grade glioma, composed of IDH-wildtype GBM and IDH-mutant grade 4 astrocytoma, by integrating proteomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, and post-translational modifications (PTMs) with genomic and transcriptomic measurements to uncover multi-scale regulatory interactions governing tumor development and evolution. Applying 14 proteogenomic and metabolomic platforms to 228 tumors (212 GBM and 16 grade 4 IDH-mutant astrocytoma), including 28 at recurrence, plus 18 normal brain samples and 14 brain metastases as comparators, reveals heterogeneous upstream alterations converging on common downstream events at the proteomic and metabolomic levels and changes in protein-protein interactions and glycosylation site occupancy at recurrence. Recurrent genetic alterations and phosphorylation events on PTPN11 map to important regulatory domains in three dimensions, suggesting a central role for PTPN11 signaling across high-grade gliomas."
4414,brain tumour,38981435,Medulloblastoma subgrouping at first sight.,"Recent incorporation of the four primary medulloblastoma subgroups into the WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors necessitates globally accessible methods to discern subgroups. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Wang et al. develop a rapid and reliable machine learning workflow for pre-operative subgroup determination using routine magnetic resonance imaging."
4415,brain tumour,38981367,"ABCG2 shields against epilepsy, relieves oxidative stress and apoptosis via inhibiting the ISGylation of STAT1 and mTOR.","The transporter protein ABC subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) is implicated in epilepsy; however, its specific role remains unclear. In this study, we assessed changes in ABCG2 expression and its role in epilepsy both in vitro and in vivo. We observed an instantaneous increase in ABCG2 expression in epileptic animals and cells. Further, ABCG2 overexpression significantly suppressed the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by glutamate, kainic acid (KA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in neuronal and microglia cells. Furthermore, inhibiting ABCG2 activity offset this protective effect. ABCG2-deficient mice (ABCG2"
4416,brain tumour,38981364,A systematic review and meta-analysis informing the role of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in Grade 2 and 3 oligodendroglioma.,"Evidence and clinical guidelines support the use of adjuvant RT in high-risk low-grade gliomas. However, patients with oligodendroglioma have a more indolent disease course and delaying or avoiding RT is often considered to reduce treatment-related toxicities. As the optimal adjuvant management for oligodendroglioma is unclear, we aimed to assess the effect of adjuvant RT on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS)."
4417,brain tumour,38981348,Exploring Ubiquitin-specific proteases as therapeutic targets in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GB) remains a formidable challenge and requires new treatment strategies. The vital part of the Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in cellular regulation has positioned it as a potentially crucial target in GB treatment, given its dysregulation oncolines. The Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) in the UPS system were considered due to the garden role in the cellular processes associated with oncolines and their vital function in the apoptotic process, cell cycle regulation, and autophagy. The article provides a comprehensive summary of the evidence base for targeting USPs as potential factors for neoplasm treatment. The review considers the participation of the UPS system in the development, resulting in the importance of p53, Rb, and NF-κB, and evaluates specific goals for therapeutic administration using midnight proteasomal inhibitors and small molecule antagonists of E1 and E2 enzymes. Despite the slowed rate of drug creation, recent therapeutic discoveries based on USP system dynamics hold promise for specialized therapies. The review concludes with an analysis of future wanderers and the feasible effects of targeting USPs on personalized GB therapies, which can improve patient hydration in this current and unattractive therapeutic landscape. The manuscript emphasizes the possibility of USP oncogene therapy as a promising alternative treatment line for GB. It stresses the direct creation of research on the medical effectiveness of the approach."
4418,brain tumour,38981326,The effects of different types of exercises on cognition in older persons with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"This systematic review with meta-analysis aims to analyze the effects of different types of exercise on cognition, neuroprotective and neuroinflammatory blood markers in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)."
4419,brain tumour,38981212,Identification of new targets for glioblastoma therapy based on a DNA expression microarray.,"This study provides a comprehensive perspective on the deregulated pathways and impaired biological functions prevalent in human glioblastoma (GBM). In order to characterize differences in gene expression between individuals diagnosed with GBM and healthy brain tissue, we have designed and manufactured a specific, custom DNA microarray. The results obtained from differential gene expression analysis were validated by RT-qPCR. The datasets obtained from the analysis of common differential expressed genes in our cohort of patients were used to generate protein-protein interaction networks of functionally enriched genes and their biological functions. This network analysis, let us to identify 16 genes that exhibited either up-regulation (CDK4, MYC, FOXM1, FN1, E2F7, HDAC1, TNC, LAMC1, EIF4EBP1 and ITGB3) or down-regulation (PRKACB, MEF2C, CAMK2B, MAPK3, MAP2K1 and PENK) in all GBM patients. Further investigation of these genes and enriched pathways uncovered in this investigation promises to serve as a foundational step in advancing our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underpinning GBM pathogenesis. Consequently, the present work emphasizes the critical role that the unveiled molecular pathways likely play in shaping innovative therapeutic approaches for GBM management. We finally proposed in this study a list of compounds that target hub of GBM-related genes, some of which are already in clinical use, underscoring the potential of those genes as targets for GBM treatment."
4420,brain tumour,38981150,Occurrence and risk factors for post-stroke delirium: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,Delirium is a significant health concern in acute stroke patients. We aim to systematically summarize existing evidence to conduct a meta-analysis to quantify the occurrence and risk factors for delirium after acute stroke.
4421,brain tumour,38981073,Association of Acute Incidental Cerebral Microinfarcts With Subsequent Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Cancer: A Population-Based Study.,"Incidental diffuse-weighted imaging (DWI)-positive subcortical and cortical lesions, or acute incidental cerebral microinfarcts (CMIs), are a common type of brain ischemia, which can be detected on magnetic resonance DWI for approximately 2 weeks after occurrence. Acute incidental CMI was found to be more common in patients with cancer. Whether acute incidental CMI predicts future ischemic stroke is still unknown. We aimed to examine the association between acute incidental CMI in patients with cancer and subsequent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)."
4422,brain tumour,38981018,A kinome drug screen identifies multi-TKI synergies and ERBB2 signaling as a therapeutic vulnerability in MYC/TYR subgroup atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors.,"Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a rare, devastating, and largely incurable pediatric brain tumor. Although recent studies have uncovered 3 molecular subgroups of ATRTs with distinct disease patterns, and signaling features, the therapeutic profiles of ATRT subgroups remain incompletely elucidated."
4423,brain tumour,38980576,New studies with stable gastric pentadecapeptide protecting gastrointestinal tract. significance of counteraction of vascular and multiorgan failure of occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome in cytoprotection/organoprotection.,"Since the early 1990s, when Robert's and Szabo's cytoprotection concept had already been more than one decade old, but still not implemented in therapy, we suggest the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as the most relevant mediator of the cytoprotection concept. Consequently, it can translate stomach and gastrointestinal mucosal maintenance, epithelium, and endothelium cell protection to the therapy of other tissue healing (organoprotection), easily applicable, as native and stable in human gastric juice for more than 24 h. These overwhelm current clinical evidence (i.e., ulcerative colitis, phase II, no side effects, and no lethal dose (LD1) in toxicology studies), as BPC 157 therapy effectively combined various tissue healing and lesions counteraction. BPC 157 cytoprotection relevance and vascular recovery, activation of collateral pathways, membrane stabilizer, eye therapy, wound healing capability, brain-gut and gut-brain functioning, tumor cachexia counteraction, muscle, tendon, ligament, and bone disturbances counteraction, and the heart disturbances, myocardial infarction, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmias, and thrombosis counteraction appeared in the recent reviews. Here, as concept resolution, we review the counteraction of advanced Virchow triad circumstances by activation of the collateral rescuing pathways, depending on injury, activated azygos vein direct blood flow delivery, to counteract occlusion/occlusion-like syndromes starting with the context of alcohol-stomach lesions. Counteraction of major vessel failure (congested inferior caval vein and superior mesenteric vein, collapsed azygos vein, collapsed abdominal aorta) includes counteraction of the brain (intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage), heart (congestion, severe arrhythmias), lung (hemorrhage), and congestion and lesions in the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract, intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal and caval hypertension, aortal hypotension, and thrombosis, peripherally and centrally."
4424,brain tumour,38980438,Stereotactic radiosurgery for intraventricular meningioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Intraventricular meningioma (IVM) is a rare subtype of intracranial meningioma, accounting for 9.8 to 14% of all intraventricular tumors. Currently, there is no clear consensus on which patients with IVM should receive conservative treatment, surgery, or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). This research aims to analyze the outcomes, including survival and recurrence rates of patients who undergo SRS for IVM as a primary or adjuvant treatment."
4425,brain tumour,38979931,1-Deoxynojirimycin attenuates pathological markers of Alzheimer's disease in the in vitro model of neuronal insulin resistance.,"Insulin resistance, the hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has emerged as a pathological feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given the shared role of insulin resistance in T2DM and AD, repurposing peripheral insulin sensitizers is a promising strategy to preserve neuronal insulin sensitivity and prevent AD. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), a bioactive iminosugar, exhibited insulin-sensitizing effects in metabolic tissues and was detected in brain tissue post-oral intake. However, its impact on brain and neuronal insulin signaling has not been described. Here, we investigated the effect of DNJ treatment on insulin signaling and AD markers in insulin-resistant human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma, a cellular model of neuronal insulin resistance. Our findings show that DNJ increased the expression of insulin signaling genes and the phosphorylation status of key molecules implicated in insulin resistance (Y1146-pIRβ, S473-pAKT, S9-GSK3B) while also elevating the expression of glucose transporters Glut3 and Glut4, resulting in higher glucose uptake upon insulin stimuli. DNJ appeared to mitigate the insulin resistance-driven increase in phosphorylated tau and Aβ"
4426,brain tumour,38979224,Targeting MDSC-HTR2B to Improve Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Breast to Brain Metastasis.,"Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) support breast cancer growth via immune suppression and non-immunological mechanisms. Although 15% of patients with breast cancer will develop brain metastasis, there is scant understanding of MDSCs' contribution within the breast-to-brain metastatic microenvironment. Utilizing co-culture models mimicking a tumor-neuron-immune microenvironment and patient tissue arrays, we identified serotonergic receptor, HTR2B, on MDSCs to upregulate pNF-κB and suppress T cell proliferation, resulting in enhanced tumor growth. "
4427,brain tumour,38979018,Clinical management of extra‑adrenal myelolipoma in the central nervous system: A case report.,"Extra-adrenal myelolipoma (EAM) is a rare benign tumor composed of mature adipose and hematopoietic tissues. Its etiology remains to be elucidated and there are few case reports describing the clinical features and treatment of EAMs in the central nervous system. The present study presented our experience and practice in the clinical management of a case of EAM in the right frontal region. A 56-year-old woman was found to have a space-occupying right frontal lesion on computed tomography (CT) of the head. Unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a lesion of ~1.5x1.2 cm. Enhanced whole abdominal CT showed a right presacral mass, 2.0 cm in diameter, with clear margins. The postoperative histopathological findings showed mainly mature adipose tissue mixed with extramedullary hematopoietic components. This confirmed the diagnosis of a (bone) marrow lipoma. Myelolipoma of the central nervous system is extremely rare. to the best of the authors' knowledge, only two cases of intracranial myelolipoma have been reported, and the present study introduced the first case in a Chinese patient reported in English. However, when CT shows high density and MRI shows mixed density in the tumor area even without enhancement, the possibility of myelolipoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis."
4428,brain tumour,38978989,Resection of the tumor in the trigone of the lateral ventricle via the contralateral posterior interhemispheric transfalcine transprecuneus approach with multi-modern neurosurgery technology: a case report.,"Choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) is a rare benign intracranial tumor origin that predominantly manifests in the lateral ventricle in children, accounting for 0.3%-0.6% of all primary intracranial tumors. It is extremely rare to have the CPP in the trigone of the lateral ventricle through the contralateral posterior interhemispheric transfalcine transprecuneus approach (PITTA). Herein, we report this rare case. A 7-year-old girl presented with headache. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed periatrial lesions, and histopathological examination confirmed CPP (WHO grade I). The contralateral PITTA is a safe, effective, reasonable, and appropriate for some lesions in the trigone of the lateral ventricle. It provides a wider surgical angle (especially for the lateral extension) and reduces the risk of disturbance of the optic radiation compared with the conventional approaches. The use of multiple modern neurosurgical techniques, including interventional embolization, intraoperative navigation, microscope, and electrophysiological monitoring, make the procedure much easier and more accurate, and the neuroendoscope adds to the visualization of the microscope and can reduce surgical complications."
4429,brain tumour,38978961,Phase I and pharmacodynamic study of arsenic trioxide plus radiotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.,"When arsenic trioxide (ATO) was combined with radiation for treatment of transplanted murine gliomas in the brain, tumor response improved with disrupted tumor blood flow and survival was significantly prolonged."
4430,brain tumour,38978755,Lysyl oxidase-like 1 predicts the prognosis of patients with primary glioblastoma and promotes tumor invasion ,"Lysyl oxidase enzymes (LOXs), as extracellular matrix (ECM) protein regulators, play vital roles in tumor progression by remodeling the tumor microenvironment. However, their roles in glioblastoma (GBM) have not been fully elucidated."
4431,brain tumour,38978524,Hybrid deep spatial and statistical feature fusion for accurate MRI brain tumor classification.,"The classification of medical images is crucial in the biomedical field, and despite attempts to address the issue, significant challenges persist. To effectively categorize medical images, collecting and integrating statistical information that accurately describes the image is essential. This study proposes a unique method for feature extraction that combines deep spatial characteristics with handmade statistical features. The approach involves extracting statistical radiomics features using advanced techniques, followed by a novel handcrafted feature fusion method inspired by the ResNet deep learning model. A new feature fusion framework (FusionNet) is then used to reduce image dimensionality and simplify computation. The proposed approach is tested on MRI images of brain tumors from the BraTS dataset, and the results show that it outperforms existing methods regarding classification accuracy. The study presents three models, including a handcrafted-based model and two CNN models, which completed the binary classification task. The recommended hybrid approach achieved a high F1 score of 96.12 ± 0.41, precision of 97.77 ± 0.32, and accuracy of 97.53 ± 0.24, indicating that it has the potential to serve as a valuable tool for pathologists."
4432,brain tumour,38977957,MR-CT image fusion method of intracranial tumors based on Res2Net.,"Information complementarity can be achieved by fusing MR and CT images, and fusion images have abundant soft tissue and bone information, facilitating accurate auxiliary diagnosis and tumor target delineation."
4433,brain tumour,38977800,Elevated SLC3A2 associated with poor prognosis and enhanced malignancy in gliomas.,"The role of SLC3A2, a gene implicated in disulfidptosis, has not been characterized in gliomas. This study aims to clarify the prognostic value of SLC3A2 and its influence on glioma. We evaluated the expression of SLC3A2 and its prognostic importance in gliomas using publicly accessible databases and our clinical glioma samples and with reliance on Meta and Cox regression analysis approaches. Functional enrichment analyses were performed to explore SLC3A2's function. Immune infiltration was evaluated using CIBERSORT, ssGSEA, and single-cell sequencing data. Additionally, Tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition scores were determined. CCK8, colony formation, migration, and invasion assays were utilized in vitro, and an orthotopic glioma xenograft model was employed in vivo, to investigate the role of SLC3A2 in gliomas. Bioinformatics analyses indicated high SLC3A2 expression correlates with adverse clinicopathological features and poor patient prognosis. Upregulated SLC3A2 influenced the tumor microenvironment by altering immune cell infiltration, particularly of macrophages, and tumor migration and invasion. SLC3A2 expression positively correlated with immune therapy indicators, including immune checkpoints and TIDE. Elevated SLC3A2 was revealed as an independent risk element for poor glioma prognosis through Cox regression analyses. In vitro experiments showed that reduced SLC3A2 expression decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In vivo, knockdown of SLC3A2 led to a reduction in tumor volume and prolonged survival in tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, SLC3A2 is a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in gliomas."
4434,brain tumour,38977779,Enhancing brain tumor segmentation in MRI images using the IC-net algorithm framework.,"Brain tumors, often referred to as intracranial tumors, are abnormal tissue masses that arise from rapidly multiplying cells. During medical imaging, it is essential to separate brain tumors from healthy tissue. The goal of this paper is to improve the accuracy of separating tumorous regions from healthy tissues in medical imaging, specifically for brain tumors in MRI images which is difficult in the field of medical image analysis. In our research work, we propose IC-Net (Inverted-C), a novel semantic segmentation architecture that combines elements from various models to provide effective and precise results. The architecture includes Multi-Attention (MA) blocks, Feature Concatenation Networks (FCN), Attention-blocks which performs crucial tasks in improving brain tumor segmentation. MA-block aggregates multi-attention features to adapt to different tumor sizes and shapes. Attention-block is focusing on key regions, resulting in more effective segmentation in complex images. FCN-block captures diverse features, making the model more robust to various characteristics of brain tumor images. Our proposed architecture is used to accelerate the training process and also to address the challenges posed by the diverse nature of brain tumor images, ultimately leads to potentially improved segmentation performance. IC-Net significantly outperforms the typical U-Net architecture and other contemporary effective segmentation techniques. On the BraTS 2020 dataset, our IC-Net design obtained notable outcomes in Accuracy, Loss, Specificity, Sensitivity as 99.65, 0.0159, 99.44, 99.86 and DSC (core, whole, and enhancing tumors as 0.998717, 0.888930, 0.866183) respectively."
4435,brain tumour,38977703,Proteomics shows that brain metastases of lung adenocarcinoma overexpress ribosomal proteins in response to gamma knife radiosurgery.,"Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is recommended as the first-line treatment for brain metastases of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in many guidelines, but its specific mechanism is unclear. We aimed to study the changes in the proteome of brain metastases of LUAD in response to the hyperacute phase of GKRS and further explore the mechanism of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Cancer tissues were collected from a clinical trial for neoadjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery before surgical resection of large brain metastases (ChiCTR2000038995). Five brain metastasis tissues of LUAD were collected within 24 h after GKRS. Five brain metastasis tissues without radiotherapy were collected as control samples. Proteomics analysis showed that 163 proteins were upregulated and 25 proteins were downregulated. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that the DEPs were closely related to ribosomes. Fifty-three of 70 ribosomal proteins were significantly overexpressed, while none of them were underexpressed. The risk score constructed from 7 upregulated ribosomal proteins (RPL4, RPS19, RPS16, RPLP0, RPS2, RPS26 and RPS25) was an independent risk factor for the survival time of LUAD patients. Overexpression of ribosomal proteins may represent a desperate response to lethal radiotherapy. We propose that targeted inhibition of these ribosomal proteins may enhance the efficacy of GKRS."
4436,brain tumour,38977616,AI-assisted Segmentation Tool for Brain Tumor MR Image Analysis.,"TumorPrism3D software was developed to segment brain tumors with a straightforward and user-friendly graphical interface applied to two- and three-dimensional brain magnetic resonance (MR) images. The MR images of 185 patients (103 males, 82 females) with glioblastoma multiforme were downloaded from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) to test the tumor segmentation performance of this software. Regions of interest (ROIs) corresponding to contrast-enhancing lesions, necrotic portions, and non-enhancing T2 high signal intensity components were segmented for each tumor. TumorPrism3D demonstrated high accuracy in segmenting all three tumor components in cases of glioblastoma multiforme. They achieved a better Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) ranging from 0.83 to 0.91 than 3DSlicer with a DSC ranging from 0.80 to 0.84 for the accuracy of segmented tumors. Comparative analysis with the widely used 3DSlicer software revealed TumorPrism3D to be approximately 37.4% faster in the segmentation process from initial contour drawing to final segmentation mask determination. The semi-automated nature of TumorPrism3D facilitates reproducible tumor segmentation at a rapid pace, offering the potential for quantitative analysis of tumor characteristics and artificial intelligence-assisted segmentation in brain MR imaging."
4437,brain tumour,38977491,Applying chemical shift images (in-phase/opposed phased) for differentiating low-grade from high-grade glioma and comparison with magnetic resonance spectroscopy.,Grading gliomas is essential for treatment decisions and patient prognosis. In this study we evaluated the in-phase and out-of-phase sequences for distinguishing high-grade (HGG) from low-grade glioma (LGG) and the correlation with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) results.
4438,brain tumour,38977432,Effect of different optimization parameters in single isocenter multiple brain metastases radiosurgery.,Automated treatment planning for multiple brain metastases differs from traditional planning approaches. It is therefore helpful to understand which parameters for optimization are available and how they affect the plan quality. This study aims to provide a reference for designing multi-metastases treatment plans and to define quality endpoints for benchmarking the technique from a scientific perspective.
4439,brain tumour,38977338,[Aqueous extract of Chuan Xiong Rhizoma enhances inhibitory effect of temozolomide against brain metastasis of melanoma in mice].,To investigate the effect of the aqueous extract of Chuan Xiong Rhizoma (CR) on brain metastasis of melanoma B16F10 cells in mice.
4440,brain tumour,38977285,Patient-specific quality assurance of dynamically-collimated proton therapy treatment plans.,"The dynamic collimation system (DCS) provides energy layer-specific collimation for pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy using two pairs of orthogonal nickel trimmer blades. While excellent measurement-to-calculation agreement has been demonstrated for simple cube-shaped DCS-trimmed dose distributions, no comparison of measurement and dose calculation has been made for patient-specific treatment plans."
4441,brain tumour,38977166,Targeting thioredoxin reductase by eupalinilide B promotes apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.,"Aberrant activation of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is correlated with tumor occurrence and progression, suggesting that TrxR inhibitors can be used as antitumor agents. In this study, we evaluated the anticancer efficacy of eupalinilides B on colorectal cancer cells. Eupalinilides B primarily targeted the conserved selenocysteine 498 residues in TrxR. Besides, it inhibited the enzyme activity in an irreversible manner. After eupalinilides B was used to pharmacologically inhibit TrxR, reactive oxygen species accumulated, and the intracellular redox balance was broken, finally causing oxidative stress-induced tumor cell apoptosis. Significantly, eupalinilides B treatment inhibited in vivo tumor growth. Targeting TrxR by eupalinilides B reveals the new mechanism underlying eupalinilides B and provides insight in developing eupalinilides B as the candidate antitumor chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer."
4442,brain tumour,38977162,"Letter to the editor in reply to ""A call for action: Formalin exposure and broader occupational hazards and assessing the risk of glioblastoma in clinician scientists"".",No abstract found
4443,brain tumour,38977158,Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Versus Conventional Radiation Therapy for Painful Spinal Metastases: A Comparative Analysis of Randomized Trials and Practical Considerations.,Recent randomized trials have compared the efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with those of standard conventional external beam radiation therapy (cEBRT) for the treatment of painful spinal metastases. We conducted a composite analysis of these trials in order to inform current practice using pooled outcomes.
4444,brain tumour,38977108,Long-term myocardial effects of noninvasive ventilation in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome.,Chronic effects of noninvasive ventilation on myocardial function in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) are scarcely understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term effects of volume-targeted bilevel positive airway pressure ventilation (BiPAP) on cardiac parameters and myocardial biomarkers in patients with OHS.
4445,brain tumour,38977064,Neratinib and ado-trastuzumab emtansine for pretreated and untreated human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer brain metastases: Translational Breast Cancer Research Consortium trial 022.,"Treatment options for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer brain metastases (BCBMs) remain limited. We previously reported central nervous system (CNS) activity for neratinib and neratinib-capecitabine. Preclinical data suggest that neratinib may overcome resistance to ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) when given in combination. In Translational Breast Cancer Research Consortium (TBCRC) 022's cohort 4, we examined the efficacy of neratinib plus T-DM1 in patients with HER2-positive BCBM."
4446,brain tumour,38976925,Surgical cavity dilatation after resection of IDH-mutated astrocytoma of the mesial temporal lobe: illustrative cases.,Space-occupying tumor bed cysts may exceptionally happen after the resection of diffuse low-grade glioma. Their mechanism and management remain debated. The authors report two cases of tumor bed cysts occurring after the resection of a left temporal diffuse low-grade glioma with two different evolutions.
4447,brain tumour,38976919,Recurrent choroid plexus carcinoma treated with CyberKnife radiosurgery: illustrative case.,"Choroid plexus carcinomas (CPCs) are rare malignant brain tumors primarily affecting children younger than 2 years old. These tumors originate from the choroid plexus epithelium and are a subtype of choroid plexus tumors, which account for 1%-4% of pediatric brain tumors. Although CPCs often show a notably high recurrence rate after surgery, the standard treatment approach remains gross-total resection (GTR) of the tumor, given the lack of clinical data supporting the effectiveness of adjunct treatment options such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy."
4448,brain tumour,38976815,Midline Low-Grade Gliomas of Early Childhood: Focus on Targeted Therapies.,"Midline low-grade gliomas (mLGGs) of early childhood have a poorer prognosis compared with tumors of other localizations and in older patients. LGGs are associated with aberrant activation of RAS-RAF-MEK pathway, and pharmacological inhibition of the pathway has therapeutic promise. The aim of this study was clinical and molecular characterization of infantile mLGGs, with emphasis on the efficacy of targeted kinase inhibition."
4449,brain tumour,38976467,HiDiff: Hybrid Diffusion Framework for Medical Image Segmentation.,"Medical image segmentation has been significantly advanced with the rapid development of deep learning (DL) techniques. Existing DL-based segmentation models are typically discriminative; i.e., they aim to learn a mapping from the input image to segmentation masks. However, these discriminative methods neglect the underlying data distribution and intrinsic class characteristics, suffering from unstable feature space. In this work, we propose to complement discriminative segmentation methods with the knowledge of underlying data distribution from generative models. To that end, we propose a novel hybrid diffusion framework for medical image segmentation, termed HiDiff, which can synergize the strengths of existing discriminative segmentation models and new generative diffusion models. HiDiff comprises two key components: discriminative segmentor and diffusion refiner. First, we utilize any conventional trained segmentation models as discriminative segmentor, which can provide a segmentation mask prior for diffusion refiner. Second, we propose a novel binary Bernoulli diffusion model (BBDM) as the diffusion refiner, which can effectively, efficiently, and interactively refine the segmentation mask by modeling the underlying data distribution. Third, we train the segmentor and BBDM in an alternate-collaborative manner to mutually boost each other. Extensive experimental results on abdomen organ, brain tumor, polyps, and retinal vessels segmentation datasets, covering four widely-used modalities, demonstrate the superior performance of HiDiff over existing medical segmentation algorithms, including the state-of-the-art transformer- and diffusion-based ones. In addition, HiDiff excels at segmenting small objects and generalizing to new datasets. Source codes are made available at https://github.com/takimailto/HiDiff."
4450,brain tumour,38976323,Dual inhibition of sirtuins 1 and 2: reprogramming metabolic energy dynamics in chronic myeloid leukemia as an immunogenic anticancer strategy.,No abstract found
4451,brain tumour,38976183,Endoscopic and exoscopic surgery for brain tumors.,"Nerves and blood vessels must be protected during brain tumor surgery, which has traditionally relied on microscopes. In the 2000s, endoscopes and related equipment were developed for neurosurgery. In this review, we aim to outline the role of endoscopes in brain tumor surgery and discuss the emerging use of exoscopes. The primary use of endoscopes in brain tumor surgery is in endoscopic endonasal surgery for pituitary tumors. By using the space within the sphenoid sinus, surgeons can insert an endoscope and instruments such as forceps or scissors through the nose to access and remove the tumor. Compared to microscopes, endoscopes can get closer to tumors, nerves, and blood vessels. They enable wide-angle observation of the skull base, making them valuable for skull base tumors as well as pituitary tumors. Endoscopes are also used in cases where a brain tumor is associated with hydrocephalus, allowing surgeons to correct obstructive hydrocephalus and perform tumor biopsies simultaneously. Exoscopy, a newer technique introduced in recent years, involves surgeons wearing special glasses and removing the tumor while viewing a three-dimensional monitor. This approach reduces surgeon fatigue and allows for more natural positioning during lengthy brain tumor surgeries. Future brain tumor surgeries will likely involve robotic surgery, which is already used for other organs. This is expected to make brain tumor removal safer and more accurate."
4452,brain tumour,38976155,Ribosomal Protein Dynamics and Its Association with Actin Filaments and Local Translation in Axonal Growth Cones of Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons.,"Local translation in growth cones plays a critical role in responses to extracellular stimuli, such as axon guidance cues. We previously showed that brain-derived neurotrophic factor activates translation and enhances novel protein synthesis through the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling in growth cones of dorsal root ganglion neurons. In this study, we focused on 40S ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6), 60S ribosomal protein P0/1/2 (RPP0/1/2), and actin filaments to determine how localization of ribosomal proteins changes with overall protein synthesis induced by neurotrophins. Our quantitative analysis using immunocytochemistry and super-resolution microscopy indicated that RPS6, RPP0/1/2, and actin tend to colocalize in the absence of stimulation, and that these ribosomal proteins tend to dissociate from actin and associate with each other when local protein synthesis is enhanced. We propose that this is because stimulation causes ribosomal subunits to associate with each other to form actively translating ribosomes (polysomes). This study further clarifies the role of cytoskeletal components in local translation in growth cones."
4453,brain tumour,38976072,FERMT1 suppression induces anti-tumor effects and reduces stemness in glioma cancer cells.,"Glioma is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, its recurrence poses a major challenge in achieving effective treatment outcomes. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as key contributors to tumor relapse and chemotherapy resistance, making them attractive targets for glioma cancer therapy. This study investigated the potential of FERMT1 as a prognostic biomarker and its role in regulating stemness through cell cycle in glioma."
4454,brain tumour,38976016,Streamlined Intraoperative Brain Tumor Classification and Molecular Subtyping in Stereotactic Biopsies Using Stimulated Raman Histology and Deep Learning.,Recent artificial intelligence algorithms aided intraoperative decision-making via stimulated Raman histology (SRH) during craniotomy. This study assesses deep learning algorithms for rapid intraoperative diagnosis from SRH images in small stereotactic-guided brain biopsies. It defines a minimum tissue sample size threshold to ensure diagnostic accuracy.
4455,brain tumour,38975881,Influence of adjuvant therapies on organ-specific recurrence of cutaneous melanoma: A multicenter study on 1383 patients of the prospective DeCOG registry ADOReg.,"This study investigated whether adjuvant treatments in stage III cutaneous melanoma (CM) influenced patterns of recurrence. Patients with primary (n = 1033) or relapsed CM (n = 350) who received adjuvant therapies with Nivolumab (N), Pembrolizumab (P), or Dabrafenib and Trametinib (D + T) were extracted from the prospective multicenter real-world skin cancer registry ADOReg. Endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), organ-specific DMFS, and overall survival (OS). For primary cases, D + T indicated an improved PFS (1- and 2-year PFS: 90.9%; 82.7%) as compared to P (81.0%, 73.9%; p = .0208), or N (83.8%, 75.2%; p = .0539). BRAF-mutated(mut) CM demonstrated significantly lower PFS (p = .0022) and decreased DMFS (p = .0580) when treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) instead of D + T. Besides, NRAS-mut CM tended to perform worse than wt CM upon ICI (PFS: p = .1349; DMFS: p = .0540). OS was similar between the groups. Relapsed cases showed decreased PFS, DMFS, and OS in comparison to primary (all: p < .001), without significant differences between the subgroups. Organ-specific DMFS was significantly altered for primary cases with bone (p = .0367) or brain metastases (p = .0202). In relapsed CM, the frequency of liver (D + T: 1.5%; P: 12%; N: 9%) and LN metastases (D + T: 1.5%; P: 12%; N: 10.2%) was significantly lower with adjuvant D + T than ICI. NRAS-mut CM showed increased recurrence in primary and relapsed cases. These data show that adjuvant D + T is superior to ICI in primary BRAF-mut CM."
4456,brain tumour,38975728,CD39 Is Expressed on Functional Effector and Tissue-resident Memory CD8+ T Cells.,"The ecto-ATPase CD39 is expressed on exhausted CD8+ T cells in chronic viral infection and has been proposed as a marker of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in cancer, but the role of CD39 in an effector and memory T cell response has not been clearly defined. We report that CD39 is expressed on Ag-specific CD8+ short-lived effector cells, while it's co-ectoenzyme, CD73, is found on memory precursor effector cells (MPECs) in vivo. Inhibition of CD39 enzymatic activity during in vitro T cell priming enhances MPEC differentiation in vivo after transfer and infection. The enriched MPEC phenotype is associated with enhanced tissue resident memory T cell (TRM cell) establishment in the brain and salivary gland following an acute intranasal viral infection, suggesting that CD39 ATPase activity plays a role in memory CD8+ T cell differentiation. We also show that CD39 is expressed on human and murine TRM cells across several nonlymphoid tissues and melanoma, whereas CD73 is expressed on both circulating and resident memory subsets in mice. In contrast to exhausted CD39+ T cells in chronic infection, CD39+ TRM cells are fully functional when stimulated ex vivo with cognate Ag, further expanding the identity of CD39 beyond a T cell exhaustion marker."
4457,brain tumour,38975554,Secretory Meningioma of the Right Frontal Lobe: Clinical Presentation and Pathological Insights.,"This article presents a case study of a rare convexity meningioma located in the frontal lobe of the right cerebellar hemisphere. Meningiomas comprise a substantial part of central nervous system neoplasms and are classified into benign, atypical, or anaplastic categories, each encompassing a variety of histological subtypes, among which the secretory meningioma is notably rare. A 77-year-old male presented with a clinical history of headache, impaired memory functions, an initial form of apathetic-abulic syndrome, and a single seizure, which were considered to be indicative of epileptic symptoms that had been present for several weeks. The imaging studies conducted showed a convexity tumor characterized by a rounded morphology and homogeneous contrast enhancement, positioned adjacent to the frontal lobe's cortical surface. This clinical report details the pathology of a secretory type of meningioma, which is distinguished by the atypical epithelial differentiation of meningothelial cells, resulting in hyaline fiber production. The neoplasm's anatomical accessibility permitted successful surgical resection. The tumor's position was appropriate for surgical removal, and the histological variant, along with the patient's favorable clinical course, is of particular scientific interest."
4458,brain tumour,38975321,Emerging Nanotechnology in Preclinical Pancreatic Cancer Immunotherapy: Driving Towards Clinical Applications.,"The high malignant degree and poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) pose severe challenges to the basic research and clinical translation of next-generation therapies. The rise of immunotherapy has improved the treatment of a variety of solid tumors, while the application in PC is highly restricted by the challenge of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The latest progress of nanotechnology as drug delivery platform and immune adjuvant has improved drug delivery in a variety of disease backgrounds and enhanced tumor therapy based on immunotherapy. Based on the immune loop of PC and the status quo of clinical immunotherapy of tumors, this article discussed and critically analyzed the key transformation difficulties of immunotherapy adaptation to the treatment of PC, and then proposed the rational design strategies of new nanocarriers for drug delivery and immune regulation, especially the design of combined immunotherapy. This review also put forward prospective views on future research directions, so as to provide information for the new means of clinical treatment of PC combined with the next generation of nanotechnology and immunotherapy."
4459,brain tumour,38975244,Surgery induces neurocognitive disorder via neuroinflammation and glymphatic dysfunction in middle-aged mice with brain lymphatic drainage impairment.,"Brain lymphatic drainage impairment is a prevalent characteristic in both aging and neurodegeneration. Surgery is more likely to induce excessive neuroinflammation and postoperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) among patients with aging and neurodegeneration. We hypothesized that surgical trauma may aggravate PND through preexisting cerebral lymphatic drainage impairment. However, there remains limited understanding about the role of surgery in changes of neurocognitive function in the populations with preoperative brain lymphatic drainage impairment. This study aims to expand our insight into surgery-induced glymphatic dysfunction, neuroinflammation and PND in middle-aged mice with preoperative brain lymphatic drainage impairment."
4460,brain tumour,38975185,Exploring machine learning applications in Meningioma Research (2004-2023).,This study aims to examine the trends in machine learning application to meningiomas between 2004 and 2023.
4461,brain tumour,38975094,LINC01138 expresses two novel isoforms and functions as a repressive factor in glioma cells.,"The objective of this study is to investigate the aggressive infiltration of glioblastoma into adjacent brain tissue, considering its challenging prognosis. Initially classified as an intergenic non-coding RNA, we aim to elucidate the functional implications of LINC01138 in glioblastoma."
4462,brain tumour,38974921,Sinonasal Malignancy Following Cranial Irradiation: A Scoping Review and Case Report of Sinonasal Teratocarcinosarcoma.,
4463,brain tumour,38974570,Astrocytoma with high-grade features and MYBL1-MMP16 fusion.,"Gliomas represent the most common primary intraparenchymal brain tumors in adult and pediatric patients. Neuropathological work-up of these gliomas typically entails the determination of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutational status, presence or absence of 1p/19q co-deletion, and O6 methylguanine-DNA methyl-transferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status."
4464,brain tumour,38974556,An extremely rare case of primary alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in the central nervous system.,"Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) shows a predilection for the peripheral extremities and is very rarely identified as a primary in the brain. Here, we report a case of ARMS with multiple lesions exclusively within the central nervous system (CNS)."
4465,brain tumour,38974453,Training in Sylvian Arachnoid Dissection: The Art of Using Kamiyama Scissors and a Simple Novel Model for Practice Sylvian Arachnoid Dissection Using Cotton Fiber with Brain Model.,
4466,brain tumour,38974448,An Adult Case of Medulloblastoma with Multiple Lung Metastatic Lesions-Case Report and Literature Review.,"Medulloblastoma (MB) cerebelli is a common brain tumor of the childhood. MB commonly spreads through cerebrospinal fluid; however, there are several reported cases of extracranial spread. The most common sites of extracranial metastasis are bones and bone marrow followed by peritoneum, liver, and lungs. Here, we report a case of pulmonary metastatic lesions of adult cerebellar MB that were discovered 1 year after the primary surgical treatment. We also tried to highlight similar reported cases in the literature."
4467,brain tumour,38974443,Polymorphous Low-Grade Neuroepithelial Tumor of the Young (PLNTY): Scoping Review of Case Reports and Case Series.,"Polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY) is considered one of the low-grade neuroepithelial tumors, as per the World Health Organization 2021 classification of brain tumors. First described in 2016, these morphologically variable tumors are characterized by oligodendroglioma-like cellular components, infiltrative growth patterns, and cluster of differentiation 34 immunopositivity. A literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, and COCHRANE databases (from inception to 20th June 2022) was carried out to identify relevant studies. To identify additional studies, we performed a recursive search of the bibliographies of the selected articles and published systematic reviews on this topic. The search yielded a total of 64 results. After removing duplicates, 26 articles were eligible for the review. The diagnostic criteria for these glioneuronal variants, representing a broad neuropathological spectrum, are not distinct and hence impede proper diagnosis and prognosis. Frequent genetic abnormalities involving mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway constituents, such as B-Raf proto-oncogene or fibroblast growth receptor 2/3, are harbored by PLNTYs. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics have resulted in more accurate tumor classification systems, based on gene expression profiles and DNA methylation patterns. Gross total resection seems curative, with a low recurrence rate. Malignant transformation is rare; however, adjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy may be beneficial in selected cases."
4468,brain tumour,38974428,"Predictors for the Differentiation between Glioblastoma, Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma, and Metastasis in Patients with a Solitary Enhancing Intracranial Mass.",
4469,brain tumour,38974245,Resources for the practice of pediatric neuro-oncology in Mexico: a cross-sectional evaluation.,The evaluation of existing resources and services is key to identify gaps and prioritize interventions to expand care capacity for children with central nervous system (CNS) tumors. We sought to evaluate the resources for pediatric neuro-oncology (PNO) in Mexico.
4470,brain tumour,38973955,Prominent response to savolitinib monotherapy in high-grade fetal adenocarcinoma with ,Mesenchymal-epithelial transition (
4471,brain tumour,38973634,Evaluation of sodium borocaptate (BSH) and boronophenylalanine (BPA) as boron delivery agents for neutron capture therapy (NCT) of cancer: an update and a guide for the future clinical evaluation of new boron delivery agents for NCT.,"Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a cancer treatment modality based on the nuclear capture and fission reactions that occur when boron-10, a stable isotope, is irradiated with neutrons of the appropriate energy to produce boron-11 in an unstable form, which undergoes instantaneous nuclear fission to produce high-energy, tumoricidal alpha particles. The primary purpose of this review is to provide an update on the first drug used clinically, sodium borocaptate (BSH), by the Japanese neurosurgeon Hiroshi Hatanaka to treat patients with brain tumors and the second drug, boronophenylalanine (BPA), which first was used clinically by the Japanese dermatologist Yutaka Mishima to treat patients with cutaneous melanomas. Subsequently, BPA has become the primary drug used as a boron delivery agent to treat patients with several types of cancers, specifically brain tumors and recurrent tumors of the head and neck region. The focus of this review will be on the initial studies that were carried out to define the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of BSH and BPA and their biodistribution in tumor and normal tissues following administration to patients with high-grade gliomas and their subsequent clinical use to treat patients with high-grade gliomas. First, we will summarize the studies that were carried out in Japan with BSH and subsequently at our own institution, The Ohio State University, and those of several other groups. Second, we will describe studies carried out in Japan with BPA and then in the United States that have led to its use as the primary drug that is being used clinically for BNCT. Third, although there have been intense efforts to develop new and better boron delivery agents for BNCT, none of these have yet been evaluated clinically. The present report will provide a guide to the future clinical evaluation of new boron delivery agents prior to their clinical use for BNCT."
4472,brain tumour,38973498,Rolipram promotes hippocampal regeneration in mice after trimethyltin-induced neurodegeneration.,"This study aimed to investigate the effects of rolipram, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on brain tissue regeneration. Trimethyltin-injected mice, an animal model of hippocampal tissue regeneration, was created by a single injection of trimethyltin chloride (2.2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Daily rolipram administration (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was performed from the day after trimethyltin injection until the day before sampling. In Experiment 1, brain samples were collected on day 7 postinjection of trimethyltin following the forced swim test. In Experiment 2, bromodeoxyuridine (150 mg/kg, intraperitoneally/day) was administered on days 3-5 and sampling was on day 21 postinjection of trimethyltin. Samples were routinely embedded in paraffin and sections were obtained for histopathological investigation. In Experiment 1, rolipram-treated mice showed shortened immobility times in the forced swim test. Histopathology revealed that rolipram treatment had improved the replenishment of neuronal nuclei-positive neurons in the dentate gyrus, which was accompanied by an increase in the percentage of phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element-binding protein-positive cells. In addition, rolipram had decreased the percentage of ionized calcium-binding adapter protein 1-positive microglia with activated morphology and the number of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-expressing cells. In Experiment 2, double immunofluorescence for bromodeoxyuridine/neuronal nuclei revealed an increase of double-positive cells in rolipram-treated mice. These results demonstrate that rolipram effectively promotes brain tissue regeneration by enhancing the survival of newborn neurons and inhibiting neuroinflammation."
4473,brain tumour,38973496,Neuroprotection of the P2X7 receptor antagonist A740003 on retinal ganglion cells in experimental glaucoma.,"The aim of this study was to explore the neuroprotective effects of the P2X7 receptor antagonist A740003 on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in chronic intraocular hypertension (COH) experimental glaucoma mouse model. Bioinformatics was used to analyze the glaucoma-related genes. Western blot, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and immunofluorescence staining techniques were employed to explore the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of A740003 on RGCs in COH retinas. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cell apoptosis were highly related to the pathogenesis of glaucoma. In COH retinas, intraocular pressure elevation significantly increased the levels of translocator protein, a marker of microglial activation, which could be reversed by intravitreal preinjection of A740003. A740003 also suppressed the increased mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) 1β and tumor necrosis factor α in COH retinas. In addition, although the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and IL-10 were kept unchanged in COH retinas, administration of A740003 could increase their levels. The mRNA and protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were increased in COH retinas, which could be partially reversed by A740003, while the levels of Bcl-2 kept unchanged in COH retinas with or without the injections of A740003. Furthermore, A740003 partially attenuated the reduction in the numbers of Brn-3a-positive RGCs in COH mice. A740003 could provide neuroprotective roles on RGCs by inhibiting the microglia activation, attenuating the retinal inflammatory response, reducing the apoptosis of RGCs, and enhancing the survival of RGCs in COH experimental glaucoma."
4474,brain tumour,38973158,Distinct Thalamo-Subcortical Circuits Underlie Painful Behavior and Depression-Like Behavior Following Nerve Injury.,"Clinically, chronic pain and depression often coexist in multiple diseases and reciprocally reinforce each other, which greatly escalates the difficulty of treatment. The neural circuit mechanism underlying the chronic pain/depression comorbidity remains unclear. The present study reports that two distinct subregions in the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) play different roles in this pathological process. In the first subregion PVT posterior (PVP), glutamatergic neurons (PVP"
4475,brain tumour,38973086,Subacute Cerebral Infarct: An Unusual Cause of Radiotracer Uptake at 18 F-PSMA PET/CT.,"Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT has become an unparalleled modality in the diagnosis of primary and recurrent prostatic adenocarcinoma, often revealing sites of disease that were previously invisible on conventional imaging. In this 78-year-old man with suspected prostate cancer recurrence, PSMA PET/CT revealed focal radiotracer uptake in the brain, which would ordinarily raise suspicion for metastases, but was a false positive in the setting of a recent stroke. Increased PSMA uptake has been reported in subacute infarcts and primary and secondary brain tumors. Careful history and comparison with prior imaging are vital to avoid false-positive diagnosis in such patients."
4476,brain tumour,38972953,Applications of machine learning to MR imaging of pediatric low-grade gliomas.,"Machine learning (ML) shows promise for the automation of routine tasks related to the treatment of pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) such as tumor grading, typing, and segmentation. Moreover, it has been shown that ML can identify crucial information from medical images that is otherwise currently unattainable. For example, ML appears to be capable of preoperatively identifying the underlying genetic status of pLGG."
4477,brain tumour,38972833,Neuropathologic findings in a patient with hemiparkinsonism and hemiatrophy syndrome.,"The first postmortem neuropathological findings of a hemiparkinsonism and hemiatrophy (HPHA) patient are presented. A 50-year-old man developed resting tremors affecting the right hand and leg, followed by mild clumsiness of the right hand. On examination, he exhibited muscle atrophy of the right leg extremity, accompanied by right-sided parkinsonism. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was normal. Based on the clinical and radiological findings, HPHA syndrome was diagnosed, showing a good response to L-DOPA. He gradually developed muscular atrophy of the right distal upper extremity. Thirteen years after the onset of the disease, left-sided parkinsonism appeared. The patient died of Trousseau's syndrome associated with a rapidly emerging pancreatic tumor. The total duration of the disease was 14 years. Neuropathologically, the substantia nigra showed markedly left-predominant neuronal loss, along with almost symmetrical Lewy body (LB) pathology. These findings indicated that the patient originally had fewer neurons in the left substantia nigra than in the right, probably caused by congenital or childhood cerebral injury, followed by the development of unilateral parkinsonism due to the progression of LB pathology. Despite our extensive neuropathological analysis, we could not specify the etiology or anatomical substrate responsible for the development of right upper and lower extremity atrophy. Further clinicopathological studies are needed to elucidate the pathoanatomical areas causing hemiparkinsonism and hemiatrophy."
4478,brain tumour,38972382,Factors Affecting the Outcome of Spine Metastases: A Single-Center Evaluation in Surgically Treated Patients.,"The estimation of survival is extremely important for metastatic disease in the spine. The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the outcome of patients with spinal metastasis, primarily the character of neurologic deficit and the histopathology of the tumor."
4479,brain tumour,38972285,Interferon alpha-2b treatment for exophytic nasal papillomas and human papillomavirus infection.,"Exophytic Sinonasal Papilloma (ESP) is a benign tumor of the sinonasal tract. Complete surgical excision by endoscopic surgery is the treatment of choice. However, a high recurrence rate (36% at 5-year follow-up) is associated with this method, which may indicate the presence of microorganisms such as Human Papillomavirus (HPV). It is important to note that the standard treatment for ESP does not include antiviral drugs. In our study, we are testing the effectiveness of an interferon-containing drug in reducing recurrence and postoperative reactions in patients with ESP."
4480,brain tumour,38972232,Establishment of an iPSC line from a NDD patient with a heterozygous mutation in the CTNNB1 gene.,"CTNNB1 encodes beta-catenin, which plays a crucial role in Wnt signaling pathway. Mutations in CTNNB1 involve in tumor developing, Primary Aldosteronism, Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), etc. NDDs is a class of disorders that impact brain development and function, manifesting symptom including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), schizophrenia (SCZ), and epilepsy. Here, we generated an iPSC line (CTUi005-A) from a patient diagnosed with NDDs, carrying a heterozygous mutation of the CTNNB1 gene. CTUi005-A exhibits typical iPSC characteristics, and holds potential as a cellular tool for investigating the pathogenic mechanisms underlying NDDs."
4481,brain tumour,38972149,β-Mangostin targets and suppresses glioma via STING activation and tumor-associated microglia polarization.,"Glioma, a common and highly malignant central nervous system tumor, markedly influences patient prognosis via interactions with glioma-associated macrophages. Previous research has revealed the anticancer potential of β-mangostin, a xanthone derivative obtained from the mangosteen fruit. This research investigated the role of β-mangostin on microglia in the glioma microenvironment and evaluated the efficacy of β-mangostin combined with anti-PD-1 antibody (αPD-1) in glioma-bearing mice. The results showed that, β-mangostin attenuated M2 polarization in BV2 cells and promoted M1-related interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 secretion, thereby inhibiting glioma invasion. In addition, β-mangostin improved the anti-glioma effects of αPD-1 and increased CD8"
4482,brain tumour,38971965,Breast Tumor Cell Survival and Morphology in a Brain-like Extracellular Matrix Depends on Matrix Composition and Mechanical Properties.,"Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most invasive type of breast cancer with high risk of brain metastasis. To better understand interactions between breast tumors with the brain extracellular matrix (ECM), a 3D cell culture model is implemented using a thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH) based hydrogel. The latter is used as HA represents a major component of brain ECM. Melt-electrowritten (MEW) scaffolds of box- and triangular-shaped polycaprolactone (PCL) micro-fibers for hydrogel reinforcement are utilized. Two different molecular weight HA-SH materials (230 and 420 kDa) are used with elastic moduli of 148 ± 34 Pa (soft) and 1274 ± 440 Pa (stiff). Both hydrogels demonstrate similar porosities. The different molecular weight of HA-SH, however, significantly changes mechanical properties, e.g., stiffness, nonlinearity, and hysteresis. The breast tumor cell line MDA-MB-231 forms mainly multicellular aggregates in both HA-SH hydrogels but sustains high viability (75%). Supplementation of HA-SH hydrogels with ECM components does not affect gene expression but improves cell viability and impacts cellular distribution and morphology. The presence of other brain cell types further support numerous cell-cell interactions with tumor cells. In summary, the present 3D cell culture model represents a novel tool establishing a disease cell culture model in a systematic way."
4483,brain tumour,38971948,Integrative analysis of genomic and epigenomic regulation reveals miRNA mediated tumor heterogeneity and immune evasion in lower grade glioma.,"The expression dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNA) has been widely reported during cancer development, however, the underling mechanism remains largely unanswered. In the present work, we performed a systematic integrative study for genome-wide DNA methylation, copy number variation and miRNA expression data to identify mechanisms underlying miRNA dysregulation in lower grade glioma. We identify 719 miRNAs whose expression was associated with alterations of copy number variation or promoter methylation. Integrative multi-omics analysis revealed four subtypes with differing prognoses. These glioma subtypes exhibited distinct immune-related characteristics as well as clinical and genetic features. By construction of a miRNA regulatory network, we identified candidate miRNAs associated with immune evasion and response to immunotherapy. Finally, eight prognosis related miRNAs were validated to promote cell migration, invasion and proliferation through in vitro experiments. Our study reveals the crosstalk among DNA methylation, copy number variation and miRNA expression for immune regulation in glioma, and could have important implications for patient stratification and development of biomarkers for immunotherapy approaches."
4484,brain tumour,38971907,Tumor biomechanics as a novel imaging biomarker to assess response to immunotherapy in a murine glioma model.,"Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis. Novel immunotherapeutic approaches are currently under investigation. Even though magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most important imaging tool for treatment monitoring, response assessment is often hampered by therapy-related tissue changes. As tumor and therapy-associated tissue reactions differ structurally, we hypothesize that biomechanics could be a pertinent imaging proxy for differentiation. Longitudinal MRI and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) were performed to monitor response to immunotherapy with a toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist in orthotopic syngeneic experimental glioma. Imaging results were correlated to histology and light sheet microscopy data. Here, we identify MRE as a promising non-invasive imaging method for immunotherapy-monitoring by quantifying changes in response-related tumor mechanics. Specifically, we show that a relative softening of treated compared to untreated tumors is linked to the inflammatory processes following therapy-induced re-education of tumor-associated myeloid cells. Mechanistically, combined effects of myeloid influx and inflammation including extracellular matrix degradation following immunotherapy form the basis of treated tumors being softer than untreated glioma. This is a very early indicator of therapy response outperforming established imaging metrics such as tumor volume. The overall anti-tumor inflammatory processes likely have similar effects on human brain tissue biomechanics, making MRE a promising tool for gauging response to immunotherapy in glioma patients early, thereby strongly impacting patient pathway."
4485,brain tumour,38971772,Origin recognition complex 6 overexpression promotes growth of glioma cells.,"The discovery of novel oncotargets for glioma is of immense significance. We here explored the expression patterns, biological functions, and underlying mechanisms associated with ORC6 (origin recognition complex 6) in glioma. Through the bioinformatics analyses, we found a significant increase in ORC6 expression within human glioma tissues, correlating with poorer overall survival, higher tumor grade, and wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase status. Additionally, ORC6 overexpression is detected in glioma tissues obtained from locally-treated patients and across various primary/established glioma cells. Further bioinformatics scrutiny revealed that genes co-expressed with ORC6 are enriched in multiple signaling cascades linked to cancer. In primary and immortalized (A172) glioma cells, depleting ORC6 using specific shRNA or Cas9-sgRNA knockout (KO) significantly decreased cell viability and proliferation, disrupted cell cycle progression and mobility, and triggered apoptosis. Conversely, enhancing ORC6 expression via a lentiviral construct augmented malignant behaviors in human glioma cells. ORC6 emerged as a crucial regulator for the expression of key oncogenic genes, including Cyclin A2, Cyclin B2, and DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2A), within glioma cells. Silencing or KO of ORC6 reduced the mRNA and protein levels of these genes, while overexpression of ORC6 increased their expression in primary glioma cells. Bioinformatics analyses further identified RBPJ as a potential transcription factor of ORC6. RBPJ shRNA decreased ORC6 expression in primary glioma cells, while its overexpression increased it. Additionally, significantly enhanced binding between the RBPJ protein and the proposed ORC6 promoter region was detected in glioma tissues and cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated a significant reduction in the growth of patient-derived glioma xenografts in the mouse brain subsequent to ORC6 KO. ORC6 depletion, inhibited proliferation, decreased expression of Cyclin A2/B2/TOP2A, and increased apoptosis were detected within these ORC6 KO intracranial glioma xenografts. Altogether, RBPJ-driven ORC6 overexpression promotes glioma cell growth, underscoring its significance as a promising therapeutic target."
4486,brain tumour,38971757,Plasma alpha B crystallin as potential biomarker for predicting pre-operative seizures in glioma.,"Glioma-associated epilepsy affects a significant proportion of glioma patients, contributing to disease progression and diminished survival rates. However, the lack of a reliable preoperative seizure predictor hampers effective surgical planning. This study investigates the potential of Alpha B crystallin protein (CRYAB) plasma levels as a predictive biomarker for epilepsy seizures in glioma patients."
4487,brain tumour,38971494,Single Center Neurosurgical Outcomes and Trends in Endoscopic Endonasal Resection of 297 Sellar/Suprasellar Tumors Stratified by Duration of Neurosurgical Career.,"Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) is a common treatment for sellar and suprasellar tumors. While endoscopic training has improved over the years and formal fellowship training is now broadly available, the operative nuances of EETS conjectures the existence a learning curve as a neurosurgeon matures with experience. We aim to evaluate operative outcomes of 3 different experience levels of neurosurgeons over time at a single institution."
4488,brain tumour,38971428,Tumor phagocytosis-driven STING activation invigorates antitumor immunity and reprograms the tumor micro-environment.,"Immunogenic cell death (ICD) holds the potential for in situ tumor vaccination while concurrently eradicating tumors and stimulating adaptive immunity. Most ICD inducers, however, elicit insufficient immune responses due to negative feedback against ICD biomarkers, limited infiltration of antitumoral immune cells, and the immunosuppressive tumor micro-environment (TME). Recent findings highlight the pivotal roles of stimulators of interferon gene (STING) activation, particularly in stimulating antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and TME reprogramming, addressing ICD limitations. Herein, we introduced 'tumor phagocytosis-driven STING activation', which involves the activation of STING in APCs during the recognition of ICD-induced cancer cells. We developed a polypeptide-based nanocarrier encapsulating both doxorubicin (DOX) and diABZI STING agonist 3 (dSA3) to facilitate this hypothesis in vitro and in vivo. After systemic administration, nanoparticles predominantly accumulated in tumor tissue and significantly enhanced anticancer efficacy by activating tumor phagocytosis-driven STING activation in MC38 and TC1 tumor models. Immunological activation of APCs occurred within 12 h, subsequently leading to the activation of T cells within 7 days, observed in both the TME and spleen. Furthermore, surface modification of nanoparticles with cyclic RGD (cRGD) moieties, which actively target integrin α"
4489,brain tumour,38971316,"Characterization of ribosome stalling and no-go mRNA decay stimulated by the fragile X protein, FMRP.","Loss of functional fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) causes fragile X syndrome and is the leading monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability. FMRP is most notably a translational repressor and is thought to inhibit translation elongation by stalling ribosomes as FMRP-bound polyribosomes from brain tissue are resistant to puromycin and nuclease treatment. Here, we present data showing that the C-terminal noncanonical RNA-binding domain of FMRP is essential and sufficient to induce puromycin-resistant mRNA•ribosome complexes. Given that stalled ribosomes can stimulate ribosome collisions and no-go mRNA decay (NGD), we tested the ability of FMRP to drive NGD of its target transcripts in neuroblastoma cells. Indeed, FMRP and ribosomal proteins, but not poly(A)-binding protein, were enriched in isolated nuclease-resistant disomes compared to controls. Using siRNA knockdown and RNA-seq, we identified 16 putative FMRP-mediated NGD substrates, many of which encode proteins involved in neuronal development and function. Increased mRNA stability of four putative substrates was also observed when either FMRP was depleted or NGD was prevented via RNAi. Taken together, these data support that FMRP stalls ribosomes but only stimulates NGD of a small select set of transcripts, revealing a minor role of FMRP that would be misregulated in fragile X syndrome."
4490,brain tumour,38971206,"Remote dried blood spot collection for inflammatory markers in older adults is feasible, reliable, and valid.","Dried blood spots (DBS) provide a minimally invasive method to assess inflammatory markers and can be collected remotely at-home or in-person in the lab. However, there is a lack of methodological information comparing these different collection methods and in older adults. We investigated the feasibility (including adherence, yield, quality, and participant preferences) and measurement properties (reliability, validity) of remotely collected DBS inflammatory markers in older adults. Participants (N = 167, mean age = 72, range: 60-96 years) collected their own DBS (finger prick on filter paper) during three remote interviews over ∼ 6 months. Within 4-5 days on average of their last remote interview, a subset of 41 participants also attended an in-person lab visit that included a researcher-collected DBS sample, venous blood draw, and survey to assess participant preferences of DBS collection. DBS and venous blood were assayed for CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α. Adherence: 98% of expected DBS samples (493 out of 501) were completed and mailed back to the lab. Yield: 97% of DBS samples were sufficient for all assays. Quality: On average, 0.80 fewer optimal spots (60uL of blood that filled the entire circle) were obtained remotely vs. in-person (p = 0.013), but the number of useable or better spots (at least 30-40uL of blood) did not differ (p = 0.89). Preference: A slight majority of participants (54%) preferred in-person DBS collection. Reliability: DBS test-retest reliabilities were good: CRP (ICC = 0.74), IL-6 (ICC = 0.76), and TNF-α (ICC = 0.70). Validity: Inflammatory levels from DBS correlated strongly with levels from venous blood (r = 0.60-0.99) and correlated as expected with sociodemographic and physical health and function variables. Older adults can remotely collect their own DBS to acquire reliable and valid inflammatory data. Remote DBS collection is highly feasible and may allow for inflammatory markers to be assessed in larger, more representative samples than are possible with lab- or clinic-based research designs."
4491,brain tumour,38971152,Early rhombic lip Protogenin,We identify a population of Protogenin-positive (PRTG
4492,brain tumour,38971048,Discovery of indazole inhibitors for heat shock protein 90 as anti-cancer agents.,"A series of indazole analogs, derived from the B,C-ring-truncated scaffold of deguelin, were designed to function as C-terminal inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and investigated as novel antitumor agents against HER2-positive breast cancer. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 12d exhibited substantial inhibitory effects in trastuzumab-sensitive (BT474) and trastuzumab-resistant (JIMT-1) breast cancer cells, with IC"
4493,brain tumour,38970969,Good clinical outcomes and the necessity of CSF drainage in patients undergoing simultaneous biopsy and endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the region of pineal tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Due to their delicate and deep-seated location, tumors in the pineal region of the brain pose exceptional challenges in neurosurgical management. Highly precise procedures have become crucial to address these complexities, such as the simultaneous performance of biopsy and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). Our aim was to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of simultaneous biopsy and ETV for treating patients with pineal region tumors."
4494,brain tumour,38970950,Preclinical photon minibeam radiotherapy using a custom collimator: Dosimetry characterization and preliminary in-vivo results on a glioma model.,The purpose of this study is to investigate the dosimetric characteristics of a collimator for minibeam radiotherapy (MBRT) with film dosimetry and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The outcome of MBRT with respect to conventional RT using a glioma preclinical model was also evaluated.
4495,brain tumour,38970949,Multi-institutional investigation into the robustness of intra-cranial multi-target stereotactic radiosurgery plans to patient setup errors.,This study aimed to analyse correlations between planning factors including plan geometry and plan complexity with robustness to patient setup errors.
4496,brain tumour,38970885,Assessing inter and intrafraction uncertainties in adult brain cancer patients using 2D/3D kV and CBCT imaging.,2D/3D kV imaging and CBCT data using 6 degrees of freedom (6DoF) were compared to evaluate inter and intrafraction motion.
4497,brain tumour,38970773,Development and validation of a nomogram to predict overall survival in patients with glioma: a population-based study.,The objective is to investigate the prognostic factors associated with gliomas and to develop and assess a predictive nomogram model connected to survival that may serve as an additional resource for the clinical management of glioma patients.
4498,brain tumour,38970757,Serum phosphate levels at diagnosis predict long-term risk for hypopituitarism in patients with acromegaly.,"Excess growth hormone (GH) secretion in acromegaly has a major impact on mineral balance and serum phosphate levels. However, the clinical utilization of serum phosphate levels as a marker for long-term disease outcomes in acromegaly has not been evaluated."
4499,brain tumour,38970692,Second-look surgery in postoperative pediatric low-grade glioma.,To review the literature on second-look surgery in pediatric low-grade gliomas (LGG) with a view to presenting both sides of the picture of re-exploration.
4500,brain tumour,38970567,A Case-based Guide for World Health Organization (WHO) Grade 2 Meningioma Radiosurgery and Radiation Therapy from The Radiosurgery Society.,"Meningiomas represent the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system. Current treatment options include surgical resection with or without adjuvant radiation therapy (RT), definitive RT, and observation. However, the radiation dose, fractionation, and margins used to treat patients with WHO grade 2 meningiomas, which account for approximately 20% of all meningiomas, are not clearly defined, and deciding on the optimal treatment modality can be challenging owing to the lack of randomized data."
4501,brain tumour,38970503,ImmRNA: a database of RNAs associated with tumor immunity.,"The relationship between different ribonucleic acids (RNAs) and tumor immunity has been widely investigated. However, a systematic description of tumor immune-related RNAs in different tumors is still lacking. We collected the relationship of tumor immune-related RNAs from the published literature and presented them in a user-friendly interface, ""ImmRNA"" (http://www.immrna.cn/), to provide a resource to study immune-RNA-cancer regulatory relations. The ImmRNA contains 49 996 curated entries. Each entry includes gene symbols, gene types, target genes, downstream effects, functions, immune cells, and other information. By rearranging and reanalyzing the data, our dataset contains the following key points: (i) providing the links between RNAs and the immune in cancers, (ii) displaying the downstream effects and functions of RNAs, (iii) listing immune cells and immune pathways related to RNA function, (iv) showing the relationship between RNAs and prognostic outcomes, and (v) exhibiting the experimental methods described in the article. ImmRNA provides a valuable resource for understanding the functions of tumor immune-related RNAs. Database URL:  http://www.immrna.cn/."
4502,brain tumour,38970358,Assessment of the USDA Biomass Harvest Trap (USDA-BHT) device as an insect harvest and mosquito surveillance tool.,"Insects are a promising source of high-quality protein, and the insect farming industry will lead to higher sustainability when it overcomes scaling up, cost effectiveness, and automation. In contrast to insect farming (raising and breeding insects as livestock), wild insect harvesting (collecting agricultural insect pests), may constitute a simple sustainable animal protein supplementation strategy. For wild harvest to be successful sufficient insect biomass needs to be collected while simultaneously avoiding the collection of nontarget insects. We assessed the performance of the USDA Biomass Harvest Trap (USDA-BHT) device to collect flying insect biomass and as a mosquito surveillance tool. The USDA-BHT device was compared to other suction traps commonly used for mosquito surveillance (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps, Encephalitis virus surveillance traps, and Biogents Sentinel traps). The insect biomass harvested in the USDA-BHT was statistically higher than the one harvested in the other traps, however the mosquito collections between traps were not statistically significantly different. The USDA-BHT collected some beneficial insects, although it was observed that their collection was minimized at night. These findings coupled with the fact that sorting time to separate the mosquitoes from the other collected insects was significantly longer for the USDA-BHT, indicate that the use of this device for insect biomass collection conflicts with its use as an efficient mosquito surveillance tool. Nevertheless, the device efficiently collected insect biomass, and thus can be used to generate an alternative protein source for animal feed."
4503,brain tumour,38970209,"Clinical features, MRI, molecular alternations, and prognosis of astrocytoma based on WHO 2021 classification of central nervous system tumors: A single-center retrospective study.","The diagnosis of glioma has advanced since the release of the WHO 2021 classification with more molecular alterations involved in the integrated diagnostic pathways. Our study aimed to present our experience with the clinical features and management of astrocytoma, IDH mutant based on the latest WHO classification."
4504,brain tumour,38970137,Diagnosis of pediatric central nervous system tumors using methylation profiling of cfDNA from cerebrospinal fluid.,"Pediatric central nervous system tumors remain challenging to diagnose. Imaging approaches do not provide sufficient detail to discriminate between different tumor types, while the histopathological examination of tumor tissue shows high inter-observer variability. Recent studies have demonstrated the accurate classification of central nervous system tumors based on the DNA methylation profile of a tumor biopsy. However, a brain biopsy holds significant risk of bleeding and damaging the surrounding tissues. Liquid biopsy approaches analyzing circulating tumor DNA show high potential as an alternative and less invasive tool to study the DNA methylation pattern of tumors. Here, we explore the potential of classifying pediatric brain tumors based on methylation profiling of the circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). For this proof-of-concept study, we collected cerebrospinal fluid samples from 19 pediatric brain cancer patients via a ventricular drain placed for reasons of increased intracranial pressure. Analyses on the cfDNA showed high variability of cfDNA quantities across patients ranging from levels below the limit of quantification to 40 ng cfDNA per milliliter of CSF. Classification based on methylation profiling of cfDNA from CSF was correct for 7 out of 20 samples in our cohort. Accurate results were mostly observed in samples of high quality, more specifically those with limited high molecular weight DNA contamination. Interestingly, we show that centrifugation of the CSF prior to processing increases the fraction of fragmented cfDNA to high molecular weight DNA. In addition, classification was mostly correct for samples with high tumoral cfDNA fraction as estimated by computational deconvolution (> 40%). In summary, analysis of cfDNA in the CSF shows potential as a tool for diagnosing pediatric nervous system tumors especially in patients with high levels of tumoral cfDNA in the CSF. Further optimization of the collection procedure, experimental workflow and bioinformatic approach is required to also allow classification for patients with low tumoral fractions in the CSF."
4505,brain tumour,38969990,Differentiation of glioma and solitary brain metastasis: a multi-parameter magnetic resonance imaging study using histogram analysis.,"Differentiation of glioma and solitary brain metastasis (SBM), which requires biopsy or multi-disciplinary diagnosis, remains sophisticated clinically. Histogram analysis of MR diffusion or molecular imaging hasn't been fully investigated for the differentiation and may have the potential to improve it."
4506,brain tumour,38969910,Extracellular Matrix Structure and Interaction with Immune Cells in Adult Astrocytic Tumors.,"The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic set of molecules produced by the cellular component of normal and pathological tissues of the embryo and adult. ECM acts as critical regulator in various biological processes such as differentiation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune control. The most frequent primary brain tumors are gliomas and by far the majority are adult astrocytic tumors (AATs). The prognosis for patients with these neoplasms is poor and the treatments modestly improves survival. In the literature, there is a fair number of studies concerning the composition of the ECM in AATs, while the number of studies relating the composition of the ECM with the immune regulation is smaller. Circulating ECM proteins have emerged as a promising biomarker that reflect the general immune landscape of tumor microenvironment and may represent a useful tool in assessing disease activity. Given the importance it can have for therapeutic and prognostic purposes, the aim of our study is to summarize the biological properties of ECM components and their effects on the tumor microenvironment and to provide an overview of the interactions between major ECM proteins and immune cells in AATs. As the field of immunotherapy in glioma is quickly expanding, we retain that current data together with future studies on ECM organization and functions in glioma will provide important insights into the tuning of immunotherapeutic approaches."
4507,brain tumour,38969544,The impact of metastatic sites on survival Rates and predictors of extended survival in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.,The aim of this study was to determine the role of site-specific metastatic patterns over time and assess factors associated with extended survival in metastatic PDAC. Half of all patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) present with metastatic disease. The site of metastasis plays a crucial role in clinical decision making due to its prognostic value.
4508,brain tumour,38969367,Protocol for a systematic review with prospective individual patient data meta-analysis in EGFR-mutant NSCLC with brain metastases to assess the effect of SRS+osimertinib compared to osimertinib alone: the STARLET Collaboration.,Patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (
4509,brain tumour,38969106,Multicenter privacy-preserving model training for deep learning brain metastases autosegmentation.,"This work aims to explore the impact of multicenter data heterogeneity on deep learning brain metastases (BM) autosegmentation performance, and assess the efficacy of an incremental transfer learning technique, namely learning without forgetting (LWF), to improve model generalizability without sharing raw data."
4510,brain tumour,38968995,Safety and Technical Efficacy of Pediatric Brainstem Biopsies: An Updated Meta-Analysis of 1000+ Children.,"Brainstem tumors represent ∼10% of pediatric brain tumors, ∼80% of these are diffuse midline glioma. Given invariably poor prognosis in diffuse midline glioma, there continues to be immense variation worldwide in performing biopsy of these lesions. Several contemporary studies in recent years have provided new data to elucidate the safety profile of biopsy and an updated meta-analysis is thus indicated."
4511,brain tumour,38968990,"""False friends"" in Language Subcortical Mapping: A Systematic Literature Review.","Subcortical brain mapping in awake glioma surgery might optimize the extent of resection while minimizing neurological morbidity, but it requires a correct interpretation of responses evoked during surgery. To define, with a systematic review: 1) a comprehensive 'map' of the principal white matter bundles involved in awake surgery on language-related networks, describing the most employed tests and the expected responses; 2) In linguistics, a false friend is a word in a different language that looks or sounds like a word in given language but differs significantly in meaning. Similarly, our aim is to give the surgeons a comprehensive review of potentially misleading responses, namely ""false friends"", in subcortical language mapping."
4512,brain tumour,38968855,Computed tomography-based vascular burden index as a predictor of vascular resection and pathological vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy.,Determination of vessel resection in patients with pancreatectomy after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy remains controversial. The recently introduced computed tomography-based vascular burden index presents a potential solution to this challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the model performance for the prediction of vascular resection and pathological invasion.
4513,brain tumour,38968626,"Epidemiology of malignant gliomas in Iran: first report of Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry, 2009-2017.","Malignant gliomas constitute the most common type of primary malignant brain tumors. Most previous studies have evaluated the epidemiology of malignant gliomas in developed countries. Hence, there is a lack of evidence in this regard from developing countries. This study is the first epidemiological report on the status of malignant glioma in Iran between 2009 and 2017."
4514,brain tumour,38968617,Bevacizumab-IRDye800CW for tumor detection in fluorescence-guided meningioma surgery (LUMINA trial): a single-center phase I study.,Meningiomas are one of the most frequently occurring brain tumors and can be curatively treated with gross-total resection. A subtotal resection increases the chances of recurrence. The intraoperative identification of invisible tumor remnants by using a fluorescent tracer targeting an upregulated biomarker could help to optimize meningioma resection. This is called molecular fluorescence-guided surgery (MFGS). Vascular endothelial growth factor α (VEGFα) has been identified as a suitable meningioma biomarker and can be targeted with bevacizumab-IRDye800CW.
4515,brain tumour,38968597,Increased Uptake of 18 F-THK5351 in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Wildtype Glioblastoma But Not in Meningioma.,"18 F-THK5351 demonstrates a strong binding affinity and selectivity for tau. However, off-target binding with monoamine oxidase-B enzyme, highly expressed in the outer mitochondrial membranes of astrocytes, is possible. In a case with isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype glioblastoma, 11 C-MET PET and 18 F-THK5351 PET exhibited increased uptake in the tumor. Conversely, in another case with intracranial meningioma, MET PET revealed increased uptake in the tumor, whereas 18 F-THK5351 PET showed no abnormal uptake in the tumor. However, it is challenging to distinguish meningiomas from glioblastomas on MRI. 18 F-THK5351 PET might help differentiate between isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype glioblastoma and meningioma."
4516,brain tumour,38968568,"Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Use in Glioma Management: Past, Present, and Future.","Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a membrane-bound metallopeptidase highly expressed in the neovasculature of many solid tumors including gliomas. It is a particularly enticing therapeutic target due to its ability to internalize, thereby delivering radioligands or pharmaceuticals to the intracellular compartment. Targeting the neovasculature of gliomas using PSMA for diagnosis and management has been a recent area of increased study and promise. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the current state and future directions of PSMA use in the histopathologic study, imaging, and treatment of gliomas."
4517,brain tumour,38968484,A case series of osseous metastases in patients with glioblastoma.,"Extracranial metastases occur in <2% of cases of glioblastoma (GBM). When metastases do occur, bone is the most common destination. Herein, we review clinical characteristics of GBM patients with osseous metastases and evaluate both potential risk factors and prognostic significance."
4518,brain tumour,38968207,Evaluating soluble Axl as a biomarker for glioblastoma: A pilot study.,"With current imaging, discriminating tumor progression from treatment effect following immunotherapy or oncolytic virotherapy of glioblastoma (GBM) is challenging. A blood based diagnostic biomarker would therefore be helpful. Axl is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is highly expressed by many cancers including GBM. Axl expression is regulated through enzymatic cleavage of its extracellular domain. The resulting fragment can be detected in serum as soluble Axl (sAxl). sAxl levels can distinguish patients with melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from healthy controls. This is a pilot study to determine if sAxl is a candidate biomarker for GBM. The sAxl levels in the serum of 40 healthy volunteers and 20 GBM patients were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pre- and post- operative sAxl levels were obtained. Volumetric MRI evaluation provided GBM tumor volume metrics. There was no significant difference in the sAxl levels of the volunteers (30.16±1.88 ng/ml) and GBM patients (30.74±1.96 ng/ml) p = 0.27. The postoperative sAxl levels were significantly higher than preoperative levels (32.32±2.26 ng/ml vs 30.74±1.96 ng/ml, p = 0.03). We found no correlation between tumor volume and sAxl levels. Axl expression was low or absent in 6 of 11 (55%) patient derived GBM cell lines. Given the wide range of Axl expression by GBM tumors, sAxl may not be a reliable indicator of GBM. However, given the small sample size in this study, a larger study may be considered."
4519,brain tumour,38967861,Characterizing the Linkage of Systemic Hypoxia and Angiogenesis in High-Grade Glioma to Define the Changes in Tumor Microenvironment for Predicting Prognosis.,"High-grade gliomas (HGG) comprising WHO grades 3 and 4 have a poor overall survival (OS) that has not improved in the past decade. Herein, markers representing four components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) were identified to define their linked expression in TME and predict the prognosis in HGG, namely, interleukin6 (IL6, inflammation), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), heat shock protein-70 (HSP70, hypoxia), vascular endothelial growth receptor (VEGF), and endothelin1 (ET1) (angiogenesis) and matrix metalloprotease-14 (MMP14) and intercellular adhesion molecule1 (ICAM1, extracellular matrix). To establish a non-invasive panel of biomarkers for precise prognostication in HGG. Eighty-six therapy-naive HGG patients with 45 controls were analyzed for the defined panel. Systemic expression of extracellular/secretory biomarkers was screened dot-immune assay (DIA), quantified by ELISA, and validated by immunocytochemistry (ICC). Expression of iNOS, HSP70, IL-6, VEGF, ET1, MMP14, and ICAM1 was found to be positively associated with grade. Quantification of circulating levels of the markers by ELISA and ICC presented a similar result. The biomarkers were observed to negatively correlate with OS (p < 0.0001). Cox-regression analysis yielded all biomarkers as good prognostic indicators and independent of confounders. On applying combination statistics, the biomarker panel achieved higher sensitivity than single markers to define survival. The intra-association of all seven biomarkers was significant, hinting of a cross-talk between the TME components and a hypoxia driven systemic inflammation upregulating the expression of other components. This is a first ever experimental study of a marker panel that can distinguish between histopathological grades and also delineate differential survival using liquid biopsy, suggesting that markers of hypoxia can be a cornerstone for personalized therapy. The panel of biomarkers of iNOS, HSP70, IL-6, VEGF, ET1, MMP14, and ICAM1 holds promise for prognostication in HGG."
4520,brain tumour,38967812,Trans-temporal trans-choroidal resection of thalamic and thalamopeduncular tumors: how I do it.," Surgical resection is the cornerstone of treatment for low-grade tumors, albeit total excision is beneficial. As the thalamus is surrounded by vital neurovascular system, lesions here present a surgical challenge."
4521,brain tumour,38967729,Inhibition of the TCF12/VSIG4 axis by palbociclib diminishes the proliferation and migration of glioma cells and decreases the M2 polarization of glioma-associated microglia.,"The CDK4/CDK6 inhibitor palbociclib has shown the encouraging promise in the treatment of glioma. Here, we elucidated how palbociclib exerts suppressive functions in the M2 polarization of glioma-related microglia and the progression of glioma. Xenograft experiments were used to evaluate the function in vivo. The mRNA levels of transcription factor 12 (TCF12) and VSIG4 were detected by RT-qPCR, and their protein levels were assessed by immunoblotting. Cell migration was tested by wound-healing assay. Cell cycle distribution and M1/M2 microglia phenotype analysis were performed by flow cytometry. The levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6，and TGF-β were measured by ELISA. The TCF12/VSIG4 association was verified by luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. In U251 and LN229 glioma cells, TCF12 and VSIG4 were overexpressed, and palbociclib reduced their expression levels. TCF12 upregulation enhanced the proliferation and migration of glioma cells and the M2 polarization of glioma-associated microglia in vitro as well as the tumorigenicity of U251 glioma cells in vivo, which could be reversed by palbociclib. Mechanistically, TCF12 could enhance VSIG4 transcription and expression by binding to the VSIG4 promoter. TCF12 deficiency led to repression in glioma cell proliferation and migration as well as microglia M2 polarization, which could be abolished by increased VSIG4 expression. Our study reveals the novel TCF12/VSIG4 axis responsible for the efficacy of palbociclib in combating glioma, offering a rationale for the application of palbociclib in glioma treatment."
4522,brain tumour,38967715,Tovorafenib: First Approval.,"Tovorafenib (OJEMDA™) is a once-weekly oral, selective, brain-penetrant, type II RAF kinase inhibitor being developed by Day One Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., under a license from Takeda Oncology, for the treatment of paediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) and solid tumours. Most pLGGs harbour alterations in the MAPK pathway, such as a BRAF mutation or BRAF fusion, which result in aberrant intracellular signalling. Tovorafenib is an inhibitor of mutant BRAF V600E, wild-type BRAF and wild-type CRAF kinases and BRAF fusions. In April 2024, tovorafenib received its first approval in the USA for the treatment of patients aged ≥ 6 months with relapsed or refractory pLGGs harbouring a BRAF fusion or rearrangement, or BRAF V600 mutation. It received accelerated approval for this indication based on the response rate and duration of response achieved in this population in the ongoing, pivotal, phase 2 FIREFLY-1 study. Clinical development of tovorafenib is underway in numerous countries worldwide. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of tovorafenib leading to this first approval for relapsed or refractory pLGG with an activating BRAF alteration."
4523,brain tumour,38967457,Endoscopic Transorbital Resection of Temporal Pole Cavernoma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.,"An endoscopic transorbital approach has been recently included in the neurosurgical armamentarium.1 We present a case of a 31-year-old female patient with a history of recent-onset refractory epilepsy related to a left temporal pole cavernoma operated through a superior eyelid endoscopic transorbital approach. The operative video shows the key surgical steps to ensure optimal surgical freedom, adequate exposure, and complete tumor resection.2 The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient obtained seizure control and good cosmetic results without postoperative complications. The brain computed tomography and MRI showed the size of bone removal and confirmed the complete removal of the lesion, respectively. At 3-month follow-up, the patient is epileptic seizures-free without medications. An endoscopic transorbital approach provides adequate exposure of the temporal pole, allowing safe tumor resection. Complication avoidance encompasses careful dissection of palpebral muscles, dynamic orbital retraction, and neuronavigation guidance; sphenoidal drilling according to key anatomic landmarks (eg, sagittal crest3); and anatomic knowledge of the cavernous sinus and internal carotid artery and its tributaries course from a transorbital perspective4 and reconstruction filling the empty spaces using fat, fascia lata, or dural substitutes. All procedures performed were approved by the ethics committee of both centers and in accordance with Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. The patient consented to the procedure and to the publication of her images, and appropriate consent was obtained for publication of cadaveric images."
4524,brain tumour,38967447,Minimally Invasive Bilateral Duo-Keyhole Approach for Giant Falcine Meningioma: 2 Dimensional Operative Video.,"One of the key concepts behind minimally invasive keyhole cranial surgery is that as the operative corridor deepens, it also widens. The corridor should therefore be designed parallel to the long-axis of the tumor to optimize visualization.1 These ideas were applied in a duo-keyhole operation for a falcine meningioma. The patient is a 79-year-old woman diagnosed with a large falcine meningioma compressing both frontal lobes. Her tumor was oriented with the long-axis, perpendicular to the superior sagittal sinus, and has bulbous extensions on both sides of the falx. Incisions on the falx, anterior and posterior to the tumor, in addition to a cut between it and the undersurface of the superior sagittal sinus, would render it practically devascularized and ""free-floating.2"" One keyhole was insufficient, but one anterior and another posterior to the tumor would make the falcine cuts feasible. The operation was performed with the above scheme and the posterior keyhole to the left and anterior one to the right of midline to facilitate surface vascular detachment on both sides. The patient recovered well and was discharged home after 4 days. This procedure highlights that flexible application of the principles of minimally invasive keyhole. Neurosurgery can tailor-make an operation to precisely fit the unique features of a patient and the tumor. The procedure was performed under the ethical guidelines of our hospital. No Institutional Review Board consent was required or sought because the patient gave specific consent to the procedure and publication of her image."
4525,brain tumour,38967219,Artificial intelligence chatbots: Are they a reliable source for patients and families in pediatric neuro-oncology?,No abstract found
4526,brain tumour,38967113,Evaluation of secretome biomarkers in glioblastoma cancer stem cells: A bioinformatics analysis.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant brain tumor that frequently occurs alongside other central nervous system (CNS) conditions. The secretome of GBM cells contains a diverse array of proteins released into the extracellular space, influencing the tumor microenvironment. These proteins can serve as potential biomarkers for GBM due to their involvement in key biological processes, exploring the secretome biomarkers in GBM research represents a cutting-edge strategy with significant potential for advancing diagnostic precision, treatment monitoring, and ultimately improving outcomes for patients with this challenging brain cancer."
4527,brain tumour,38966838,Nodular Melanoma in a 53-year-old Male with Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Rare Case Report.,"Although melanoma only accounts for 1% of skin cancers, it is responsible for most skin cancer deaths. Glioblastoma multiforme, a high-grade astrocytoma, is the most aggressive and devastating primary brain tumor. These two diseases remain to be the biggest therapeutic challenge in both specialties of dermatology and neuro-oncology. A 53-year-old Filipino male who presented with a 2-year history of generalized dark brown and black patches on the body developed weakness and numbness of the left extremities. Biopsy and immunohistochemical staining of the skin revealed nodular melanoma with adjacent regressing melanoma. Biopsy of the intracranial mass showed glioblastoma multiforme. One month after the partial excision of the intracranial mass, the patient expired due to brain herniation. Nodular melanoma and glioblastoma multiforme may occur concomitantly in a patient. A review of the literature suggests a shared genetic predisposition. Its existence carries a poor prognosis and requires early detection to start aggressive treatment."
4528,brain tumour,38966821,Intersection of Aging and Particulate Matter 2.5 Exposure in Real World: Effects on Inflammation and Endocrine Axis Activities in Rats.,"Exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is detrimental to multiple organ systems. Given the factor that aging also alters the cellularity and response of immune system and dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, -gonad and -thyroid axes, it is imperative to investigate whether chronic exposure to PM2.5 interacts with aging in these aspects. In this study, two-months-old Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to real world PM2.5 for 16 months. PM2.5 exposure diminished the relative numbers of CD4"
4529,brain tumour,38966768,A case of testicular tumor and respiratory failure caused by choriocarcinoma syndrome managed through modified chemotherapy and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.,Choriocarcinoma syndrome with multiple lung metastases has a poor prognosis and causes respiratory failure due to alveolar hemorrhage. We encountered a case where the introduction of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation effectively sustained oxygenation until chemotherapy took effect on lung metastases of testicular tumors.
4530,brain tumour,38966723,Intraoperative mapping of the right hemisphere: a systematic review of protocols that evaluate cognitive and social cognitive functions.,"The right hemisphere of the brain is often referred to as the non-dominant hemisphere. Though this is meant to highlight the specialized role of the left hemisphere in language, the use of this term runs the risk of oversimplifying or minimizing the essential functions of the right hemisphere. There is accumulating evidence from functional MRI, clinical lesion studies, and intraoperative mapping data that implicate the right hemisphere in a diverse array of cognitive functions, including visuospatial functions, attentional processes, and social cognitive functions. Neuropsychological deficits following right hemisphere resections are well-documented, but there is a general paucity of literature focusing on how to best map these functions during awake brain surgery to minimize such deficits. To address this gap in the literature, a systematic review was conducted to examine the cognitive and emotional processes associated with the right hemisphere and the neuropsychological tasks frequently used for mapping the right hemisphere during awake brain tumor surgery. It was found that the most employed tests to assess language and speech functions in patients with lesions in the right cerebral hemisphere were the naming task and the Pyramids and Palm Trees Test (PPTT). Spatial cognition was typically evaluated using the line bisection task, while social cognition was assessed through the Reading the Mind in the Eyes (RME) test. Dual-tasking and the movement of the upper and lower limbs were the most frequently used methods to evaluate motor/sensory functions. Executive functions were typically assessed using the N-back test and Stroop test. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review to help provide guidance on the cognitive functions most at risk and methods to map such functions during right awake brain surgery."
4531,brain tumour,38966629,Silibinin improved the function of T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) co-cultured with U-87 MG cell line.,"Silibinin has exhibited antitumor activities. However, there are few reports about the immunomodulatory properties of silibinin on T lymphocyte function in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we determined the effects of silibinin on T cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), cultivated alone or with a human cell line of glioblastoma (U-87 MG)."
4532,brain tumour,38966519,Pituitary Apoplexy: Pitfalls in Diagnosis.,"Headache is a common presenting complaint in the emergency department. A rare cause is pituitary apoplexy - a complication of pituitary adenoma consisting of hemorrhage or infarction of the primary tumor accounting for approximately 1 % of headaches. A 44-year-old female presented with intractable headache, nausea, photophobia and later - signs of meningeal irritation. Initial imaging demonstrated no mass or hemorrhage, labs showed only leukocytosis and elevated CRP. Patient was started on empiric acyclovir and methylprednisolone. CSF analysis was negative for meningitis, thus MRI of the brain was performed which demonstrated a 2.5 cm suprasellar mass. Initial Pituitary hormone evaluation demonstrated low prolactin, normal TSH and low ACTH thought to be due to steroid use. Repeat laboratory evaluation demonstrated hypopituitarism. Patient underwent resection of the adenoma with pathology consistent with pituitary apoplexy. We highlight the need for careful evaluation of patients presenting with headache and signs of meningeal irritation given 16 % prevalence of pituitary adenoma. CT of the head may not always demonstrate acute infarction, with MRI of the brain remaining the most sensitive imaging modality. Given the common use of methylprednisolone for headache, a pitfall in the diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy includes proper assessment of a pituitary panel prior to initiation of steroids."
4533,brain tumour,38966487,Post-surgical Hearing Improvement in a Case of Jugular Foramen Schwannoma Despite the Lack of Response in a Preoperative Auditory Brainstem Response Test.,"We report a rare case involving improved hearing after surgery for a jugular foramen schwannoma despite the lack of response during the preoperative auditory brainstem response (ABR) test. A left jugular foramen tumor was diagnosed in a 79-year-old man with hearing loss. No response was observed during the preoperative ABR test. However, his hearing improved after surgery using the lateral suboccipital approach. Following Gamma Knife radiation to the residual tumor post-surgery, the ABR test detected V waves. The hearing of patients with cerebellopontine angle tumors can improve even when there is no response during the preoperative ABR test."
4534,brain tumour,38965923,Upfront Stereotactic Radiosurgery or Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy in Elderly Patients with Brain Metastases from Non-small cell lung cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of a 10-Year Bi-Institutional Experience.,Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) are increasingly used as initial therapies for brain metastases (BM). We aimed to assess the outcomes of SRS/FSRT in patients aged ≥65 years who had 1-10 BM from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
4535,brain tumour,38965653,ATF2/BAP1 Axis Mediates Neuronal Apoptosis After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage via P53 Pathway.,"Neuronal apoptosis plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). BAP1 (BRCA1-associated protein 1) is considered to exert pro-apoptotic effects in multiple diseases. However, evidence supporting the effect of BAP1 on the apoptotic response to SAH is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to confirm the role of BAP1 in SAH-induced apoptosis."
4536,brain tumour,38965580,Positive feedback loop of c-myc/XTP6/NDH2/NF-κB to promote malignant progression in glioblastoma.,"Recent studies have highlighted the significant role of the NF-κB signaling pathway in the initiation and progression of cancer. Furthermore, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as pivotal regulators in sustaining the NF-κB signaling pathway's functionality. Despite these findings, the underlying molecular mechanisms through which lncRNAs influence the NF-κB pathway remain largely unexplored."
4537,brain tumour,38965579,VirRep: a hybrid language representation learning framework for identifying viruses from human gut metagenomes.,"Identifying viruses from metagenomes is a common step to explore the virus composition in the human gut. Here, we introduce VirRep, a hybrid language representation learning framework, for identifying viruses from human gut metagenomes. VirRep combines a context-aware encoder and an evolution-aware encoder to improve sequence representation by incorporating k-mer patterns and sequence homologies. Benchmarking on both simulated and real datasets with varying viral proportions demonstrates that VirRep outperforms state-of-the-art methods. When applied to fecal metagenomes from a colorectal cancer cohort, VirRep identifies 39 high-quality viral species associated with the disease, many of which cannot be detected by existing methods."
4538,brain tumour,38965483,It's about time: mitigating cancer-related cognitive impairments through findings from computational models of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task.,"Many cancer survivors experience cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), often with significant negative consequences across various life domains. Emerging evidence suggests that allowing additional time to process information before acting may be a useful strategy for those with CRCI to mitigate some of its impacts. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST), a measure of general cognition, has shown that for some cancer survivors, longer task completion time facilitates similar task performance outcomes to control populations concerning perseveration errors; a key performance metric of the WCST. However, assessing if this strategy may be useful, as well as determining for whom it may be useful, with regard to strengths and weaknesses among select cognitive domains, is challenging due to factors such as the problem of task impurity. Accordingly, this study provides an initial computational and experimental assessment of whether additional time to process information before acting is a useful strategy for those with CRCI."
4539,brain tumour,38965454,The clinical significance of inflammatory mediators in predicting obesity and progression-free survival in patients with adult-onset Craniopharyngioma.,"Craniopharyngioma (CP) is a rare malformational tumor characterized by high rates of recurrence and morbid obesity. However, the role of inflammatory mediators in obesity and the prognosis of patients with CP remains unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze associations of inflammatory mediators with weight-related outcomes and the prognosis of patients with CP."
4540,brain tumour,38965388,Comprehensive application of AI algorithms with TCR NGS data for glioma diagnosis.,"T-cell receptor (TCR) detection can examine the extent of T-cell immune responses. Therefore, the article analyzed characteristic data of glioma obtained by DNA-based TCR high-throughput sequencing, to predict the disease with fewer biomarkers and higher accuracy. We downloaded data online and obtained six TCR-related diversity indices to establish a multidimensional classification system. By comparing actual presence of the 602 correlated sequences, we obtained two-dimensional and multidimensional datasets. Multiple classification methods were utilized for both datasets with the classification accuracy of multidimensional data slightly less to two-dimensional datasets. This study reduced the TCR β sequences through feature selection methods like RFECV (Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross-Validation). Consequently, using only the presence of these three sequences, the classification AUC value of 96.67% can be achieved. The combination of the three correlated TCR clones obtained at a source data threshold of 0.1 is: CASSLGGNTEAFF_TRBV12_TRBJ1-1, CASSYSDTGELFF_TRBV6_TRBJ2-2, and CASSLTGNTEAFF_TRBV12_TRBJ1-1. At 0.001, the combination is: CASSLGETQYF_TRBV12_TRBJ2-5, CASSLGGNQPQHF_TRBV12_TRBJ1-5, and CASSLSGNTIYF_TRBV12_TRBJ1-3. This method can serve as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic tool, facilitating diagnosis and treatment of glioma and other cancers."
4541,brain tumour,38965364,Psychological distress and health behaviours in people living with and beyond cancer: a cross-sectional study.,"This study aimed to examine whether psychological distress was cross-sectionally associated with meeting World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) recommendations in people living with and beyond cancer. Participants were adults living with and beyond breast, prostate and colorectal cancer, participating in the baseline wave of the Advancing Survivorship after Cancer Outcomes Trial (ASCOT). Anxiety/depression was assessed using the EQ-5D-5L and dichotomised into any/no problems. WCRF recommendations were assessed via pedometers, 24-h dietary recalls, self-reported alcohol intake (AUDIT-C), and self-reported smoking status. Participants were categorised as meeting WCRF recommendations using the following cut-offs: average daily steps (≥ 10,000/day), average weekly aerobic steps (≥ 15,000/day), fruit and vegetables (≥ 400 g/day), fibre (≥ 30 g/day), red meat (< 500 g/week), processed meat (0 g/day), high calorie food (fat ≤ 33% of total daily energy intake and free sugar ≤ 5% of total daily energy intake), alcohol (≤ 14 units/week) and smoking (non-smoking). A composite health behaviour risk index (CHBRI) was calculated by summing the number of WCRF recommendations met (range: 0-9). Among 1348 participants (mean age = 64 years (SD = 11.4)), 41.5% reported anxiety/depression problems. The mean CHBRI score was 4.4 (SD = 1.4). Anxiety/depression problems were associated with lower odds of meeting WCRF recommendations for average daily steps (odds ratio (OR) = 0.73; 95% CI 0.55, 0.97), but not for any other health behaviour. Psychological distress is associated with lower adherence to WCRF recommendations for physical activity in people living with and beyond cancer. Physical activity may be a mechanism linking psychological distress and poorer outcomes among people living with and beyond cancer, and this should be explored in longitudinal studies."
4542,brain tumour,38965358,Towards machine learning-based quantitative hyperspectral image guidance for brain tumor resection.,"Complete resection of malignant gliomas is hampered by the difficulty in distinguishing tumor cells at the infiltration zone. Fluorescence guidance with 5-ALA assists in reaching this goal. Using hyperspectral imaging, previous work characterized five fluorophores' emission spectra in most human brain tumors."
4543,brain tumour,38965283,Illuminating the dark space of neutral glycosphingolipidome by selective enrichment and profiling at multi-structural levels.,"Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are essential components of cell membranes, particularly enriched in the nervous system. Altered molecular distributions of GSLs are increasingly associated with human diseases, emphasizing the significance of lipidomic profiling. Traditional GSL analysis methods are hampered by matrix effect from phospholipids and the difficulty in distinguishing structural isomers. Herein, we introduce a highly sensitive workflow that harnesses magnetic TiO"
4544,brain tumour,38965148,Surgical outcomes of trigonal intraventricular meningiomas: a single-centre study.,"Trigonal meningiomas are rare intraventricular tumours that present a surgical challenge. There is no consensus on the optimal surgical approach to these lesions, though the transtemporal and transparietal approaches are most frequently employed. We aimed to examine the approach-related morbidity and surgical nuances in treating trigonal meningiomas. This retrospective review assimilated data from 64 trigonal meningiomas operated over 15 years. Details of clinicoradiological presentation, surgical approach and intraoperative impression, pathology and incidence of various postoperative deficits were recorded. In our study, Trigonal meningiomas most frequently presented with headache and visual deterioration. The median volume of tumours was 63.6cc. Thirty-one meningiomas each (48.4%) were WHO Grade 1 and WHO Grade 2, while 2 were WHO Grade 3. The most frequent approach employed was transtemporal (38 patients, 59.4%), followed by transparietal (22 patients, 34.4%). After surgery features of raised ICP and altered mental status resolved in all patients, while contralateral limb weakness resolved in 80%, aphasia in 60%, seizures in 70%, and vision loss in 46.2%. Eighteen patients (28.13%) developed transient postoperative neurological deficits, with one patient (1.5%) developing permanent morbidity. Surgery for IVMs results in rapid improvement of neurological status, though visual outcomes are poorer in patients with low vision prior to surgery, longer duration of complaints and optic atrophy. The new postoperative deficits in some patients tend to improve on follow up. Transtemporal and transparietal approaches may be employed, based on multiple factors like tumour extension, loculation of temporal horn, size of lesion with no significant difference in their safety profile."
4545,brain tumour,38964985,MR-Based Radiomics Predicts CDK6 Expression and Prognostic Value in High-grade Glioma.,This study aims to assess the prognostic value of Cyclin-dependent kinases 6 (CDK6) expression levels and establish a machine learning-based radiomics model for predicting the expression levels of CDK6 in high-grade gliomas (HGG).
4546,brain tumour,38964869,Advancement in perioperative management of pituitary adenomas-Current concepts and best practices.,"Pituitary adenomas are very common representing 18.1% of all brain tumors and are the second most common brain pathology. Transsphenoidal surgery is the mainstay of treatment for all pituitary adenomas except for prolactinomas which are primarily treated medically with dopamine agonists. A thorough endocrine evaluation of pituitary adenoma preoperatively is crucial to identify hormonal compromise caused by the large sellar mass, identifying prolactin-producing tumors and comorbidities associated with Cushing and acromegaly to improve patient care and outcome. Transsphenoidal surgery is relatively safe in the hands of experienced surgeons, but still carries a substantial risk of causing hypopituitarism that required close follow-up in the immediate postoperative period to decrease mortality. A multidisciplinary team approach with endocrinologists, ophthalmologists, and neurosurgeons is the cornerstone in the perioperative management of pituitary adenomas."
4547,brain tumour,38964775,Pass the tissue: restoring researcher access to legal human donations.,"The sensitivity of human tissue and previous instances of misuse have, rightfully, led to the introduction of far-reaching oversight and regulatory mechanisms for accessing, storing and sharing samples. However, these restrictions, in tandem with more broad-based privacy regulations, have had the unintended consequence of obstructing legitimate requests for medical materials. This is of real detriment to ambitions for biomedical research, most notably the precision medicine agenda. As such, this paper makes the case for facilitating authorised researcher access to human tissue and associated data along practical medical ethics lines, detailing how liberating samples from unfit regulations, re-evaluating biobanks, diversifying considerations for donor benefit-risk, future proofing donor consent and flattening hierarchies of donation acceptability equate to a more cohesive and respectful means of managing biological samples and information than is achieved at present."
4548,brain tumour,38964450,Beyond boundaries: The therapeutic potential of exosomes in neural microenvironments in neurological disorders.,"Neurological disorders are a diverse group of conditions that can significantly impact individuals' quality of life. The maintenance of neural microenvironment homeostasis is essential for optimal physiological cellular processes. Perturbations in this delicate balance underlie various pathological manifestations observed across various neurological disorders. Current treatments for neurological disorders face substantial challenges, primarily due to the formidable blood-brain barrier and the intricate nature of neural tissue structures. These obstacles have resulted in a paucity of effective therapies and inefficiencies in patient care. Exosomes, nanoscale vesicles that contain a complex repertoire of biomolecules, are identifiable in various bodily fluids. They hold substantial promise in numerous therapeutic interventions due to their unique attributes, including targeted drug delivery mechanisms and the ability to cross the BBB, thereby enhancing their therapeutic potential. In this review, we investigate the therapeutic potential of exosomes across a range of neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative disorders, traumatic brain injury, peripheral nerve injury, brain tumors, and stroke. Through both in vitro and in vivo studies, our findings underscore the beneficial influence of exosomes in enhancing the neural microenvironment following neurological diseases, offering promise for improved neural recovery and management in these conditions."
4549,brain tumour,38964375,A Case of Profound Obstructive Sleep Apnea Secondary to an Unrecognized Lingual Angiomyxoma.,"A 44-year-old woman presented to the emergency department status post incidental discovery of a large lingual mass identified during workup of a known intracranial neoplasm. The patient presented with a 4-month history of progressive altered mental status, somnolence, aphasia, and dysphagia; symptomology was attributed to the suprasellar tumor. Metastatic disease to the oral cavity was the primary differential diagnosis. Imaging demonstrated a 5.5 × 5.5 cm posterior tongue mass with near complete pharynx obstruction. Prompt debulking and pathology workup occurred. On postoperative day 1, the patient experienced complete resolution of all symptoms. Given rapid improvement, neurological decline was ultimately attributed not to the suprasellar mass but instead as being secondary to profound obstructive sleep apnea and ensuing sleep deprivation caused by the lingual tumor. This case describes the rare finding of a massive lingual superficial angiomyxoma with a synchronous cerebral neoplasm in which the latter functioned as a diagnostic distraction."
4550,brain tumour,38964366,"Comprehensive analysis of distinct circadian clock subtypes of adult diffuse glioma and their associations with clinicopathological, genetic, and epigenetic profiles.","The circadian clock (CC) has biological and clinical implications in gliomas. Most studies focused on CC effects on the tumor microenvironment and the application of chronotherapy. The present study focused on CC gene expression patterns and intracellular oncogenic activities. Glioma gene expression data were collected from The Human Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected 666 patients from TCGA-GBM and TCGA-LGG projects and included important clinicopathological variables. The entire cohort was subjected to clustering analysis and divided into CC1 and CC2 subtypes based on statistical, biological, and clinical criteria. CC2 gliomas showed higher expression of BMAL1 and CRY1 and lower expression of CRY2 and PER2 (adjusted P < .001). CC2 gliomas had q higher activity of cell proliferation, metabolic reprogramming, angiogenesis, hypoxia, and many oncogenic signals (P < .001). The CC2 subtype contained a higher proportion of glioblastomas (P < .001) and had a worse prognosis (P < .001). Stratified Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox analyses illustrated that the CC subtype is an independent prognostic factor to clinicopathological characteristics (P < .001), genetic aberrations (P = .006), and biological processes (P < .001). Thus, this study shows statistical evidence of CC subtypes and their biological, and clinicopathological significance in adult gliomas."
4551,brain tumour,38964285,Effects of Simvastatin on Inflammatory Response and Biological Behaviour of Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma.,The aim of this study was to investigate the autoinflammatory effect and biological behaviour of simvastatin (SIM) on adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) cells.
4552,brain tumour,38964279,Prospective assessment of peripapillary microvasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography in para-optic intracranial and sinonasal tumors treated with proton therapy.,"Radiation-induced optic neuropathy (RION) is rare but may lead to blindness. The mechanisms by which this occurs include endothelial and neuronal damage, but RION has been assessed very little in the case of extraocular tumors treated with high-energy proton therapy, the use of which is expanding worldwide. We assessed peripapillary microvascular changes by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in patients undergoing high-energy proton therapy for para-optic intracranial or head and neck tumors."
4553,brain tumour,38964157,Advances and perspectives on pharmacological activities and mechanisms of the monoterpene borneol.,"Borneol, a highly lipid-soluble bicyclic terpene mainly extracted from plants, is representative of monoterpenoids. Modern medicine has established that borneol exhibits a range of pharmacological activities and used in the treatment of many diseases, particularly Cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs). The crucial role in enhancing drug delivery and improving bioavailability has attracted much attention. In addition, borneol is also widely utilized in food, daily chemicals, fragrances, and flavors industries."
4554,brain tumour,38964117,CENPA facilitates glioma stem cell stemness and suppress ferroptosis to accelerate glioblastoma multiforme progression by promoting GBP2 transcription.,"The function of glioma stem cells (GSCs) is closely related to the progression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Centromere protein A (CENPA) has been confirmed to be related to the poor prognosis of GBM patients. However, whether CENPA regulates GSCs function to mediate GBM progression is still unclear. GSCs were isolated from GBM cells. The expression of CENPA and guanylate-binding protein 2 (GBP2) was examined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. GSCs proliferation and stemness were assessed using EdU assay and sphere formation assay. Cell ferroptosis was evaluated by detecting related factors. The interaction between CENPA and GBP2 was analyzed by ChIP assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Animal experiments were conducted to measure the effect of CENPA knockdown on the tumorigenicity of GSCs in vivo. CENPA was upregulated in GBM tissues and GSCs. CENPA knockdown inhibited GSCs proliferation, stemnness, and promoted ferroptosis. GBP2 was overexpressed in GBM tissues and GSCs, and CENPA enhanced GBP2 transcription by binding to its promoter region. CENPA overexpression accelerated GSCs proliferation and stemnness and suppressed ferroptosis, while GBP2 knockdown reversed these effects. Downregulation of CENPA reduced the tumorigenicity of GSCs by decreasing GBP2 expression in vivo. In conclusion, CENPA enhanced GBP2 transcription to increase its expression, thus accelerating GSCs proliferation and stemnness and repressing ferroptosis. Our findings promote a new idea for GBM treatment."
4555,brain tumour,38963982,Jianpi Jiedu decoction suppresses colorectal cancer growth by inhibiting M2 polarization of TAMs through the tryptophan metabolism-AhR pathway.,"Traditional Chinese medicine, JianpiJiedu decoction (JPJDF), has been utilized in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment for over forty years. The potential of JPJDF to inhibit CRC through modulation of intestinal microbiota and their metabolites remains uncertain."
4556,brain tumour,38963825,Neurocognitive outcomes and functional independence in adult survivors of childhood medulloblastoma diagnosed over three decades.,"Treatment of childhood medulloblastoma has evolved to reduce neurotoxicity while improving survival. However, the impact of evolving therapies on late neurocognitive outcomes and adult functional independence remains unknown."
4557,brain tumour,38963694,Collaborative Human-Computer Vision Operative Video Analysis Algorithm for Analyzing Surgical Fluency and Surgical Interruptions in Endonasal Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery: Cohort Study.,"The endonasal endoscopic approach (EEA) is effective for pituitary adenoma resection. However, manual review of operative videos is time-consuming. The application of a computer vision (CV) algorithm could potentially reduce the time required for operative video review and facilitate the training of surgeons to overcome the learning curve of EEA."
4558,brain tumour,38963658,Patterns of brain metastases response to immunotherapy with pembrolizumab.,"Central nervous system (CNS) metastases from lung cancers and melanoma, significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in local therapies, there is a need for effective systemic treatments. Pembrolizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, has shown promise for some patients with untreated brain metastases from melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aims to analyze the response of brain metastasis to pembrolizumab and associate characteristics like size and location with treatment outcome."
4559,brain tumour,38963657,Intraoperative radiotherapy after neurosurgical resection of brain metastases as institutional standard treatment- update of the oncological outcome form a single center cohort after 117 procedures.,"Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) is the predominant method for the irradiation of resection cavities after resection of brain metastases (BM). Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) with 50 kV x-rays is an alternative way to irradiate the resection cavity focally. We have already reported the outcome of our first 40 IORT patients treated until 2020. Since then, IORT has become the predominant cavity treatment in our center due to patients´ choice."
4560,brain tumour,38963654,Trastuzumab-Deruxtecan: Redefining HER2 as a Tumor Agnostic Biomarker.,"Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting HER2-positive malignancies across various tumor types. Through its unique composition, T-DXd achieves selective payload delivery, inducing cell death and halting tumor progression. Clinical trials initially investigated T-DXd's efficacy in HER2-positive advanced or metastatic breast, gastric, lung, and colorectal cancers; however, recent results from the DESTINY-PanTumor02 trial further underscore T-DXd's versatility, prompting T-DXd's US FDA approval for HER2-positive (immunohistochemistry [IHC] 3+) solid tumors. Moreover, in addition to T-DXd's efficacy against brain metastasis, T-DXd is showing promising results in HER2-low and HER2-ultra-low metastatic breast cancer, indicating a broader population of patients who may benefit."
4561,brain tumour,38963598,Characteristics of the Antitumor Effect of Doxorubicin and Pegylated Hyaluronidase on Models of Rat Brain Tumors.,"Hyaluronidase increases tissue permeability and diffusion of the extracellular fluid by cleaving hyaluronan, the primary component of the extracellular matrix. Hyaluronidase pegylation (Hyal-PEG) decreases its clearance and enhances biodistribution. The pro- and anticancer activity of Hyal-PEG and a combination of Hyal-PEG with doxorubicin were studied in vitro (morphological analysis of rat glioblastoma 101.8 spheroids) and in vivo (by the survival time of rats after intracerebral transplantation of the tumor and morphological analysis). In the presence of doxorubicin and Hyal-PEG in the culture medium in vitro, spheroids lost their ability to adhere to the substrate and disintegrate into individual cells. Intracerebral transplantation of the tumor tissue with Hyal-PEG did not accelerate glioblastoma growth. The mean survival time for animals receiving transplantation of the tumor alone and in combination with Hyal-PEG was 13 and 20 days, respectively. In one rat with transplanted tumor and Hyal-PEG, this parameter increased by 53%. The survival time of rats receiving systemic therapy with doxorubicin and Hyal-PEG significantly increased (p=0.003). Antitumor effect of therapeutic doses of doxorubicin combined with Hyal-PEG was demonstrated on the model of rat glioblastoma 101.8 in vitro. Hyal-PEG inhibited adhesion of tumor cells, but did not cause their death. Transplantation of Hyal-PEG-treated tumor did not reduce animal survival time. Systemic administration of therapeutic doses of doxorubicin with Hyal-PEG increased survival time of rats with glioblastoma 101.8."
4562,brain tumour,38963550,Demystifying the potential of lipid-based nanocarriers in targeting brain malignancies.,"Drug targeting for brain malignancies is restricted due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB), which act as barriers between the blood and brain parenchyma. Certainly, the limited therapeutic options for brain malignancies have made notable progress with enhanced biological understanding and innovative approaches, such as targeted therapies and immunotherapies. These advancements significantly contribute to improving patient prognoses and represent a promising shift in the landscape of brain malignancy treatments. A more comprehensive understanding of the histology and pathogenesis of brain malignancies is urgently needed. Continued research focused on unraveling the intricacies of brain malignancy biology holds the key to developing innovative and tailored therapies that can improve patient outcomes. Lipid nanocarriers are highly effective drug delivery systems that significantly improve their solubility, bioavailability, and stability while also minimizing unwanted side effects. Surface-modified lipid nanocarriers (liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, lipid nanocapsules, lipid-polymer hybrid nanocarriers, lipoproteins, and lipoplexes) are employed to improve BBB penetration and uptake through various mechanisms. This systematic review illuminates and covers various topics related to brain malignancies. It explores the different methods of drug delivery used in treating brain malignancies and delves into the benefits, limitations, and types of brain-targeted lipid-based nanocarriers. Additionally, this review discusses ongoing clinical trials and patents related to brain malignancy therapies and provides a glance into future perspectives for treating this condition."
4563,brain tumour,38963336,Efficacy of perampanel by etiology in Japanese patients with epilepsy-subpopulation analysis of a prospective post-marketing observational study.,"To examine the efficacy and safety of perampanel (PER) in patients with post-stroke epilepsy (PSE), brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE), and post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) using Japanese real-world data."
4564,brain tumour,38963295,Clinical implications of the 2022 WHO classification on the multidisciplinary management of PitNETS patients.,"The review explores the 2022 update to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of pituitary adenomas, now referred to as pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), and his possible impact on the clinical management of PitNET patients. The review highlights the differences and the evolution from the 2017 to 2022 version, with the current classification considering the lineage of the tumor cells, cell type, hormones produced, and other auxiliary characteristics for a comprehensive histological classification. The revision in terminology reflects a broader perspective on neuroendocrine neoplasia. The new approach based on transcription factors, hormone expression and other biomarkers has allowed a major revision of the nomenclature and a more accurate classification of pituitary adenomas. Furthermore, in some cases this approach is also assuming a prognostic value, useful in clinical practice. However, despite this elaborate classification and stratification, the review points out the lack of a robust grading or staging system and suggests the need for further research and validation of diagnostic methods. Despite these limitations, the revised classification presents a significant step towards understanding and managing PitNETs patients."
4565,brain tumour,38963134,Silencing UBE2K inhibits the growth of glioma cells by inducing the autophagy-related apoptosis.,"Glioma is a central nervous system (CNS) malignant tumor with high heterogeneity and mortality, which severely threatens the health of patients. The overall survival of glioma patients is relatively short and it is critical to identify new molecular targets for developing effective treatment strategies. UBE2K is a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme with oncogenic function in several malignant tumors. However, whether UBE2K participates in gliomas remains unknown. Herein, in glioma cells, UBE2K was found highly expressed in U87 and U251 cells. Subsequently, U87 and U251 cells were transfected with si-UBE2K to silence UBE2K, with the si-NC transfection as the negative control. In both U87 and U251 cells, the cell viability was sharply reduced by transfecting si-UBE2K for 48 and 72 h. Markedly decreased colony number, reduced number of migrated cells and invaded cells, and declined relative wound healing rate were observed in si-UBE2K transfected U87 and U251 cells. Moreover, the Bcl-2 level was markedly reduced, while the Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 levels were sharply increased in U87 and U251 cells after the si-UBE2K transfection. Furthermore, the p62 level was signally declined, while the Beclin-1 and LC-3 II/I levels were greatly increased in U87 and U251 cells by the si-UBE2K transfection. Furthermore, the facilitating effect of si-UBE2K on the apoptosis and autophagy in U87 and U251 cells was abolished by the coculture of 3-MA, an inhibitor of autophagy. Collectively, UBE2K facilitated the in vitro growth of glioma cells, possibly by inhibiting the autophagy-related apoptosis, which might be a promising target for treating glioma."
4566,brain tumour,38962752,Evidence for inflammation in normal-appearing brain regions in patients with growing sporadic vestibular schwannoma: A PET study.,"Nonauditory symptoms can be a prominent feature in patients with sporadic vestibular schwannoma (VS), but the cause of these symptoms is unknown. Inflammation is hypothesized to play a key role in the growth and symptomatic presentation of sporadic VS, and in this study, we investigated through translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) whether inflammation occurred within the ""normal appearing"" brain of such patients and its association with tumor growth."
4567,brain tumour,38962751,Medulloblastomas with ,
4568,brain tumour,38962684,Childhood craniopharyngioma: a retrospective study of children followed in Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles.,"Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are benign brain tumors accounting for 5 - 11% of intracranial tumors in children. These tumors often recur and can cause severe morbidity. Postoperative radiotherapy efficiently controls and prevents progression and recurrence. Despite advancements in neurosurgery, endocrinological, visual, and neuropsychological complications are common and significantly lower the quality of life of patients."
4569,brain tumour,38962639,Diagnostic Algorithm for Intracranial Lesions in the Emergency Department: Effectiveness of the Relative Brain Volume and Hounsfield Unit Value Measured by Perfusion Tomography.,"Background Early treatment of intracranial lesions in the emergency department is crucial, but it can be challenging to differentiate between them. This differentiation is essential because the treatment of each type of lesion is different. Cerebral computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging can help visualize the vascularity of brain lesions and provide absolute quantification of physiological parameters. Compared to magnetic resonance imaging, CTP has several advantages, such as simplicity, wide availability, and reproducibility. Purpose This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Hounsfield units (HU) in measuring the density of hypercellular lesions and the ability of CTP to quantify hemodynamics in distinguishing intracranial space-occupying lesions. Methods A retrospective study was conducted from March 2016 to March 2022. All patients underwent CTP and CT scans, and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and HU were obtained for intracranial lesions. Results We included a total of 244 patients in our study. This group consisted of 87 (35.7%) individuals with glioblastomas (GBs), 48 (19.7%) with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), 45 (18.4%) with metastases (METs), and 64 (26.2) with abscesses. Our study showed that the HUs for METs were higher than those for GB (S 57.4% and E 88.5%). In addition, rCBV values for PCNSL and abscesses were lower than those for GB and METs. The HU in PCNSL was higher than those in abscesses (S 94.1% and E 96.6%). Conclusion PCT parameters provide valuable information for diagnosing brain lesions. A comprehensive assessment improves accuracy. Combining rCBV and HU enhances diagnostic accuracy, making it a valuable tool for distinguishing between lesions. PCT's widespread availability allows for the use of both anatomical and functional information with high spatial resolution for diagnosing and managing brain tumor patients."
4570,brain tumour,38962552,Comparing the Effectiveness of Afatinib and Osimertinib for Patients With PD-L1-positive ,"Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are effective for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR mutations. However, higher tumor programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression is associated with a poor response to EGFR-TKIs, and information on the comparison between afatinib and osimertinib in PD-L1-positive EGFR-mutant NSCLC is scarce."
4571,brain tumour,38962452,Bridging the gap: exploring the causal relationship between metformin and tumors.,"Numerous studies have reported that metformin can reduce the risk of tumor development. However, some of the results of these studies are conflicting, necessitating a more reliable evaluation."
4572,brain tumour,38962412,Risk factors for nausea and vomiting requiring the daily administration of 5-HT,"Radiotherapy combined with temozolomide (TMZ+RT) is the primary treatment for high-grade glioma. TMZ is classified as a moderate emetic risk agent and, thus, supportive care for nausea and vomiting is important. In Nagoya University Hospital, all patients are treated with a 5-hydroxy-tryptamine 3 receptor antagonist (5-HT"
4573,brain tumour,38962003,Editorial: The immune microenvironment landscape in cerebrovascular diseases.,No abstract found
4574,brain tumour,38961946,Amide proton transfer-weighted and arterial spin labeling imaging may improve differentiation between high-grade glioma recurrence and radiation-induced brain injury.,"The management of tumor recurrence (TR) and radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) poses significant challenges, necessitating the development of effective differentiation strategies. In this study, we investigated the potential of amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) imaging for discriminating between TR and RIBI in patients with high-grade glioma (HGG)."
4575,brain tumour,38961754,Toward noncontact macroscopic imaging of multiple cancers using multi-spectral inelastic scattering detection.,"Here we introduce a Raman spectroscopy approach combining multi-spectral imaging and a new fluorescence background subtraction technique to image individual Raman peaks in less than 5 seconds over a square field-of-view of 1-centimeter sides with 350 micrometers resolution. First, human data is presented supporting the feasibility of achieving cancer detection with high sensitivity and specificity - in brain, breast, lung, and ovarian/endometrium tissue - using no more than three biochemically interpretable biomarkers associated with the inelastic scattering signal from specific Raman peaks. Second, a proof-of-principle study in biological tissue is presented demonstrating the feasibility of detecting a single Raman band - here the CH"
4576,brain tumour,38960965,Radiomics and visual analysis for predicting success of transplantation of heterotopic glioblastoma in mice with MRI.,"Quantifying tumor growth and treatment response noninvasively poses a challenge to all experimental tumor models. The aim of our study was, to assess the value of quantitative and visual examination and radiomic feature analysis of high-resolution MR images of heterotopic glioblastoma xenografts in mice to determine tumor cell proliferation (TCP)."
4577,brain tumour,38960964,Comparative Morphological and Molecular Genetic Characteristics of Cell and Tissue Strains of Experimental Rat Glioma 10-17-2 (Astrid-17).,"In order to obtain models of gliomas of varying degrees of malignancy, we performed morphological and molecular genetic study of a tissue strain of glioma 10-17-2 (Astrid-17) obtained by intracranial passaging of tumor fragments of chemically induced rat brain tumor, and a cell strain isolated from it. More or less pronounced changes in the expression levels of Mki67, Trp53, Vegfa, and Gfap genes in the tissue and cell strain of glioma 10-17-2 (Astrid-17) compared with intact brain tissue were shown. The tissue model of glioma 10-17-2 (Astrid-17) according to the studied characteristics shows features of grade 3-4 astrocytoma and the cellular model - grade 2-3 astrocytoma."
4578,brain tumour,38960918,Imaging of pediatric glioneuronal and neuronal tumors.,"Glioneuronal tumors (GNTs) are an expanding group of primary CNS neoplasms, commonly affecting children, adolescents and young adults. Most GNTs are relatively indolent, low-grade, WHO grade I lesions. In the pediatric age group, GNTs have their epicenter in the cerebral cortex and present with seizures. Alterations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which regulates cell growth, are implicated in tumorigenesis. Imaging not only plays a key role in the characterization and pre-surgical evaluation of GNTs but is also crucial role in follow-up, especially with the increasing use of targeted inhibitors and immunotherapies. In this chapter, we review the clinical and imaging perspectives of common pediatric GNTs."
4579,brain tumour,38960714,"The Role of Fibroblast Activation Protein in Glioblastoma and Gliosarcoma: A Comparison of Tissue, ","Despite their unique histologic features, gliosarcomas belong to the group of glioblastomas and are treated according to the same standards. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a component of a tumor-specific subpopulation of fibroblasts that plays a critical role in tumor growth and invasion. Some case studies suggest an elevated expression of FAP in glioblastoma and a particularly strong expression in gliosarcoma attributed to traits of predominant mesenchymal differentiation. However, the prognostic impact of FAP and its diagnostic and therapeutic potential remain unclear. Here, we investigate the clinical relevance of FAP expression in gliosarcoma and glioblastoma and how it correlates with "
4580,brain tumour,38960710,PET/CT-Based Absorbed Dose Maps in ,Functional liver parenchyma can be damaged from treatment of liver malignancies with 
4581,brain tumour,38960677,Monoclonal gammopathy of clinical signifi cance with osteosclerotic lesions - a case report and a literature review.,"Multiple myeloma is a common plasma cell neoplasia usually accompanied by the formation of osteolytic foci, whereas osteosclerotic myeloma is a very rare form of plasma cell dyscrasia. When osteosclerotic myeloma is detected, osteosclerotic foci are usually part of the POEMS syndrome. Osteosclerotic myeloma without other manifestations of the POEMS syndrome is an unusual finding."
4582,brain tumour,38960393,"Durable complete response in a patient with leptomeningeal melanoma after treatment with dabrafenib, trametinib, and nivolumab.","Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a devastating complication of melanoma with a dismal prognosis. We present the case of a young man with stage IV BRAF V600E mutant melanoma with lung, lymph node, and brain metastases initially treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab, who subsequently developed LMD. Upon change to BRAF/MEK targeted therapy with nivolumab, a durable complete response was achieved and remains ongoing, off treatment, 7 years from diagnosis. Management of symptomatic LMD remains a critical unmet clinical challenge, with limited clinical trial data. This exceptional case is instructive, as the first published case of the use of the triplet, and the first durable response with therapy discontinuation, in melanoma LMD. The triple-drug regimen may be considered a viable option in fit patients. This case highlights the potential for long-term disease control and the critical and urgent need to develop clinical trials inclusive of patients with LMD to define the best treatment strategies."
4583,brain tumour,38960367,Brain-targeting redox-sensitive micelles for codelivery of TMZ and β-lapachone for glioblastoma therapy.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a central nervous system cancer with high incidence and poor survival rates. Enhancing drug penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and targeting efficacy is crucial for improving treatment outcomes. In this study, we developed a redox-sensitive targeted nano-delivery system (HCA-A2) for temozolomide (TMZ) and β-lapachone (β-Lapa). This system used hyaluronic acid (HA) as the hydrophilic group, arachidonic acid (CA) as the hydrophobic group, and angiopep-2 (A2) as the targeting group. Control systems included non-redox sensitive (HDA-A2) and non-targeting (HCA) versions. In vitro, HCA-TMZ-Lapa micelles released 100 % of their payload in a simulated tumor microenvironment within 24 h, compared to 43.97 % under normal conditions. HCA-A2 micelles, internalized via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, showed stronger cytotoxicity and better BBB penetration and cellular uptake than controls. In vivo studies demonstrated superior tumor growth inhibition with HCA-A2 micelles, indicating their potential for GBM treatment."
4584,brain tumour,38960365,"Nanostructured gadolinium(III) micelles: Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxic activities, and MRI applications in vivo.","Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are used in around 40 % of MRI procedures. Despite initial perceptions of minimal risk, their long-term use has emphasized the need to reduce toxicity and develop more efficient GBCAs with extended blood retention. Advancements in nanomaterials have led to improved GBCAs, enhancing MRI diagnostics. This study synthesizes and characterizes nanostructured gadolinium(III) micelles as superior MRI contrast agents. The complexes, [Gd(L)2], where L is a ligand of the N-alkyl-N-methylglucamine surfactant series (L8, L10 or L12, L10), form nanostructured micelles in aqueous solution. Gd(L8)2 and Gd(L10)2 relaxivities remained stable across concentrations. Compared to Gd-DTPA, Gd(III) micelles showed enhanced T1-weighted MRI contrast. Gd(L12)2 micelles exhibited cytotoxicity against B16F10 melanoma cells (IC"
4585,brain tumour,38960006,SNARE proteins: Core engines of membrane fusion in cancer.,"Vesicles are loaded with a variety of cargoes, including membrane proteins, secreted proteins, signaling molecules, and various enzymes, etc. Not surprisingly, vesicle transport is essential for proper cellular life activities including growth, division, movement and cellular communication. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) mediate membrane fusion of vesicles with their target compartments that is fundamental for cargo delivery. Recent studies have shown that multiple SNARE family members are aberrantly expressed in human cancers and actively contribute to malignant proliferation, invasion, metastasis, immune evasion and treatment resistance. Here, the localization and function of SNARE proteins in eukaryotic cells are firstly mapped. Then we summarize the expression and regulation of SNAREs in cancer, and describe their contribution to cancer progression and mechanisms, and finally we propose engineering botulinum toxin as a strategy to target SNAREs for cancer treatment."
4586,brain tumour,38959959,From Nelson's Syndrome to Corticotroph Tumor Progression Speed: An Update.,"Since the first description of Nelson syndrome 60 years ago, the way to consider corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) after bilateral adrenalectomy has evolved. Today, it is globally acknowledged that only a subset of corticotroph PitNETs is aggressive.After adrenalectomy, corticotroph tumor progression (CTP) occurs in about 30 to 40% of patients during a median follow-up of 10 years. When CTP occurs, various CTP speeds (CTPS) can be observed. Using simple metrics in patients with CTP, CTPS was reported to vary from a few millimeters to up to 40 mm per year. Rapid CTPS/ Nelson's syndrome was associated with more severe Cushing's disease, higher adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the year following adrenalectomy, and higher Ki67 on pituitary pathology. Complications such as apoplexy, cavernous syndrome, and visual defects were associated with higher CTPS. During follow-up, early morning ACTH, absolute variations properly reflected CTPS. Finally, CTPS was not higher after than before adrenalectomy, suggesting that cortisol deprivation after adrenalectomy does not impact CTPS in a majority of patients.Taken together, rapid CTPS/ Nelson's syndrome probably reflects the intrinsic aggressiveness of some corticotroph PitNETs. The precise molecular mechanisms related to corticotroph PitNET aggressiveness remain to be deciphered. Regular MRIs combined with intermediate morning ACTH measurements probably provide a reliable way to detect early and manage fast-growing tumors and, therefore, limit the complications."
4587,brain tumour,38959943,Elevated HSPB1 Expression Is Associated with a Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients., Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer. This study investigated the clinical predictive value of heat shock protein β1 (HSPB1) in patients with GBM.
4588,brain tumour,38959786,Predicting response to chemotherapy in brain tumor patients based on MRI features.,"Chemotherapy in brain tumors is tailored based on tumor type, grade, and molecular markers, which are crucial for predicting responses and survival outcomes. This review summarizes the role of chemotherapy in gliomas, glioneuronal and neuronal tumors, ependymomas, choroid plexus tumors, medulloblastomas, and meningiomas, discussing standard treatment protocols and recent developments in targeted therapies.Furthermore, the studies reporting the integration of MRI-based radiomics and deep learning models for predicting treatment outcomes are reviewed. Advances in MRI-based radiomics and deep learning models have significantly enhanced the prediction of chemotherapeutic benefits, survival prediction following chemotherapy, and differentiating tumor progression with psuedoprogression. These non-invasive techniques offer valuable insights into tumor characteristics and treatment responses, facilitating personalized therapeutic strategies. Further research is warranted to refine these models and expand their applicability across different brain tumor types."
4589,brain tumour,38959560,Factors associated with cancer-related cognitive impairment in patients with lung cancer: A systematic review.,"Cognitive impairment is common in lung cancer patients and impacts their quality of life. Little is known about the etiology of cognitive impairment in lung cancer patients. However, the associated factors of cognitive impairment among lung cancer patients have not been systematically reviewed. This review aimed to summarize the factors related to cognitive impairment among lung cancer patients."
4590,brain tumour,38959533,Recent advances in biomimetic strategies for the immunotherapy of glioblastoma.,"Immunotherapy is regarded as one of the most promising approaches for treating tumors, with a multitude of immunotherapeutic thoughts currently under consideration for the lethal glioblastoma (GBM). However, issues with immunotherapeutic agents, such as limited in vivo stability, poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, insufficient GBM targeting, and represented monotherapy, have hindered the success of immunotherapeutic interventions. Moreover, even with the aid of conventional drug delivery systems, outcomes remain suboptimal. Biomimetic strategies seek to overcome these formidable drug delivery challenges by emulating nature's intelligent structures and functions. Leveraging the variety of biological structures and functions, biomimetic drug delivery systems afford a versatile platform with enhanced biocompatibility for the co-delivery of diverse immunotherapeutic agents. Moreover, their inherent capacity to traverse the BBB and home in on GBM holds promise for augmenting the efficacy of GBM immunotherapy. Thus, this review begins by revisiting the various thoughts and agents on immunotherapy for GBM. Then, the barriers to successful GBM immunotherapy are analyzed, and the corresponding biomimetic strategies are explored from the perspective of function and structure. Finally, the clinical translation's current state and prospects of biomimetic strategy are addressed. This review aspires to provide fresh perspectives on the advancement of immunotherapy for GBM."
4591,brain tumour,38959085,Protective Role of Ellagic Acid Against Ethanol-Induced Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Newborn Male Rats: Insights into Maintenance of Mitochondrial Function and Inhibition of Oxidative Stress.,"Ellagic acid (EA) exerts, neuroprotective, mitoprotective, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. We evaluated protective effect of EA on ethanol-induced fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)."
4592,brain tumour,38959052,Size-Dependent Glioblastoma Targeting by Polymeric Nanoruler with Prolonged Blood Circulation.,"Currently, there is no effective treatment for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most frequent and malignant type of brain tumor. The blood-brain (tumor) barrier (BB(T)B), which is composed of tightly connected endothelial cells and pericytes (with partial vasculature collapse), hampers nanomedicine accumulation in tumor tissues. We aimed to explore the effect of nanomedicine size on passive targeting of GBM. A series of size-tunable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted copolymers (gPEGs) were constructed with hydrodynamic diameters of 8-30 nm. Biodistribution studies using orthotopic brain tumor-bearing mice revealed that gPEG brain tumor accumulation was maximized at 10 nm with ∼14 dose %/g of tumor, which was 19 times higher than that in the normal brain region and 4.2 times higher than that of 30-nm gPEG. Notably, 10-nm gPEG exhibited substantially higher brain tumor accumulation than 11-nm linear PEG owing to the prolonged blood circulation property of gPEGs, which is derived from a densely PEG-packed structure. 10 nm gPEG exhibited deeper penetration into the brain tumor tissue than the larger gPEGs did (>10 nm). This study demonstrates, for the first time, the great potential of a nanomedicine downsizing strategy for passive GBM targeting."
4593,brain tumour,38958849,Artificial intelligence innovations in neurosurgical oncology: a narrative review.,Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become increasingly integrated clinically within neurosurgical oncology. This report reviews the cutting-edge technologies impacting tumor treatment and outcomes.
4594,brain tumour,38958848,Application of 5T glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging in brain tumors: preliminary results.,Glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) is a non-invasive CEST imaging technique for detecting glutamate levels in tissues. We aimed to investigate the reproducibility of the 5T GluCEST technique in healthy volunteers and preliminarily explore its potential clinical application in patients with brain tumors.
4595,brain tumour,38958838,Unveiling the therapeutic prospects of IFNW1 and IFNA21: insights into glioma pathogenesis and clinical significance.,"Glioma, a type of brain tumor, poses significant challenges due to its heterogeneous nature and limited treatment options. Interferon-related genes (IRGs) have emerged as potential players in glioma pathogenesis, yet their expression patterns and clinical implications remain to be fully elucidated. We conducted a comprehensive analysis to investigate the expression patterns and functional enrichment of IRGs in glioma. This involved constructing protein-protein interaction networks, heatmap analysis, survival curve plotting, diagnostic and prognostic assessments, differential expression analysis across glioma subgroups, GSVA, immune infiltration analysis, and drug sensitivity analysis. Our analysis revealed distinct expression patterns and functional enrichment of IRGs in glioma. Notably, IFNW1 and IFNA21 were markedly downregulated in glioma tissues compared to normal tissues, and higher expression levels were associated with improved overall survival and disease-specific survival. Furthermore, these genes showed diagnostic capabilities in distinguishing glioma tissues from normal tissues and were significantly downregulated in higher-grade and more aggressive gliomas. Differential expression analysis across glioma subgroups highlighted the association of IFNW1 and IFNA21 expression with key pathways and biological processes, including metabolic reprogramming and immune regulation. Immune infiltration analysis revealed their influence on immune cell composition in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, elevated expression levels were associated with increased resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Our findings underscore the potential of IFNW1 and IFNA21 as diagnostic biomarkers and prognostic indicators in glioma. Their roles in modulating glioma progression, immune response, and drug sensitivity highlight their significance as potential therapeutic targets. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of glioma biology and may inform the development of personalized treatment strategies for glioma patients."
4596,brain tumour,38958553,UBX-390: A Novel Androgen Receptor Degrader for Therapeutic Intervention in Prostate Cancer.,"The androgen receptor (AR) is an attractive target for treating prostate cancer, considering its role in the development and progression of localized and metastatic prostate cancer. The high global mortality burden of prostate cancer, despite medical treatments such as androgen deprivation or AR antagonist therapy, highlights the need to explore alternative strategies. One strategy involves the use of heterobifunctional degraders, also known as proteolysis-targeting chimeras, which are novel small-molecule therapeutics that inhibit amplified or mutated targets. Here, the study reports a novel cereblon-based AR degrader, UBX-390, and demonstrates its superior activity over established AR degraders, such as ARV-110 or ARCC-4, in prostate cancer cells under short- and long-term treatment conditions. UBX-390 suppresses chromatin binding and gene expression of AR and demonstrates substantial efficacy in the degradation of AR mutants in patients with treatment-resistant prostate cancer. UBX-390 is presented as an optimized AR degrader with remarkable potential for treating castration-resistant prostate cancer."
4597,brain tumour,38958227,Spotlight on the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer with rare genetic alterations and brain metastasis: Current status and future perspectives.,"In patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), oncogenic variants present in <5% of cases are considered rare, the predominant of which include human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) mutations, mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) alterations, c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) rearrangements, rearrangement during transfection (RET) fusions, v-raf mouse sarcoma virus oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) mutations, and neurotrophic troponin receptor kinase (NTRK) fusions. Brain metastases (BMs) occur in approximately 10%-50% of patients with NSCLC harboring rare genetic variants. The recent advent of small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and macromolecular antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) has conferred marked survival benefits to patients with NSCLC harboring rare driver alterations. Despite effective brain lesion control for most targeted agents and promising reports of intracranial remission associated with novel ADCs, BM continues to be a major therapeutic challenge. This review discusses the recent advances in the treatment of NSCLC with rare genetic variants and BM, with a particular focus on intracranial efficacy, and explores future perspectives on how best to treat these patients."
4598,brain tumour,38958178,Psychosocial burden after the death of a child from cancer: Results of a bereaved parent survey.,"Parents experience lasting psychological distress after a child's death from cancer. Limited evidence exists regarding difficult life events, duration of psychosocial impacts, and associated risk factors among bereaved parents. Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation surveyed self-selected, bereaved parents regarding difficult life events and psychosocial wellbeing (life satisfaction, unanswered questions, and missing the care team) through a public, cross-sectional survey. 176 bereaved parents (89% mothers) participated a median of 7 y after their child's death. The most difficult events were family vacations (80%), their child's birthday (80%), and anniversary of their child's death (76%). Only the latter did not improve with time. Greater life satisfaction was associated with male sex (ARR = 1.2, 95% CI:1.1-1.4) and being married/partnered (ARR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.0-1.3). Having unanswered questions and missing the child's team were associated with annual income <$50,000 (ARR = 1.2, 95% CI:1.1-1.2; ARR = 1.2, 95% CI:1.0-1.3, respectively). Pediatric oncology programs need robust bereavement programs that include prolonged contact with families."
4599,brain tumour,38958078,Single Nucleus Total RNA Sequencing of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Gliomas.,"Gliomas, the predominant form of brain cancer, comprise diverse malignant subtypes with limited curative therapies available. The insufficient understanding of their molecular diversity and evolutionary processes hinders the advancement of new treatments. Technical complexities associated with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) clinical samples hinder molecular-level analyses of gliomas. Current single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) platforms are inadequate for large-scale clinical applications. In this study, automated snRandom-seq is developed, a high-throughput single-nucleus total RNA sequencing platform optimized for archival FFPE samples. This platform integrates automated single-nucleus isolation and droplet barcoding systems with the random primer-based scRNA-seq chemistry, accommodating a broad spectrum of sample types. The automated snRandom-seq is applied to analyze 116 492 single nuclei from 17 FFPE samples of various glioma subtypes, including rare clinical samples and matched primary-recurrent glioblastomas (GBMs). The study provides comprehensive insights into the molecular characteristics of gliomas at the single-cell level. Abundant non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with distinct expression profiles across different glioma clusters and uncovered promising recurrence-related targets and pathways in primary-recurrent GBMs are identified. These findings establish automated snRandom-seq as a robust tool for scRNA-seq of FFPE samples, enabling exploration of molecular diversities and tumor evolution. This platform holds significant implications for large-scale integrative and retrospective clinical research."
4600,brain tumour,38957549,Enhancing brain tumor detection in MRI with a rotation invariant Vision Transformer.,The Rotation Invariant Vision Transformer (RViT) is a novel deep learning model tailored for brain tumor classification using MRI scans.
4601,brain tumour,38957509,Clinical Management and Neurosurgical Approach of Pott's Puffy Tumor: A Case Report.,"Pott's puffy tumors are assumed to be infrequent concomitant intra- and extracranial abscesses, mainly secondary to complicated frontal sinusitis during infancy. Due to the close proximity to the superior sagittal sinus, there is a risk of developing venous infections, thrombosis, and morbidity. In this case report, we present a case of an 11-year-old girl who presented with headache and face edema. After recognizing the Pott's puffy tumor pattern on the CT scan and brain MRI, the neurosurgical approach involved pus evacuation and frontal sinus blockage, and the patient received antibiotic therapy and was evaluated for total recovery. To our knowledge, the prompt diagnosis and treatment of such conditions are paramount to avoid complications, and differential diagnosis should be encouraged in medical practice."
4602,brain tumour,38957472,Effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy on bone metastases in non-small-cell lung cancer.,"Bone metastases (BoMs) are prevalent in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) however, there are limited data detailing how BoMs respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The purpose of this study was to compare the imaging response to ICIs of BoMs against visceral metastases and to evaluate the effect of BoMs on survival."
4603,brain tumour,38957397,Naringenin as potent anticancer phytocompound in breast carcinoma: from mechanistic approach to nanoformulations based therapeutics.,"The bioactive compounds present in citrus fruits are gaining broader acceptance in oncology. Numerous studies have deciphered naringenin's antioxidant and anticancer potential in human and animal studies. Naringenin (NGE) potentially suppresses cancer progression, thereby improving the health of cancer patients. The pleiotropic anticancer properties of naringenin include inhibition of the synthesis of growth factors and cytokines, inhibition of the cell cycle, and modification of several cellular signaling pathways. As an herbal remedy, naringenin has significant pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-cancer activities. The inactivation of carcinogens following treatment with pure naringenin, naringenin-loaded nanoparticles, and naringenin combined with anti-cancer agents was demonstrated by data "
4604,brain tumour,38957299,Progress in the application of ultrasound in glioma surgery.,"Brain glioma, which is highly invasive and has a poor prognosis, is the most common primary intracranial tumor. Several studies have verified that the extent of resection is a considerable prognostic factor for achieving the best results in neurosurgical oncology. To obtain gross total resection (GTR), neurosurgery relies heavily on generating continuous, real-time, intraoperative glioma descriptions based on image guidance. Given the limitations of existing devices, it is imperative to develop a real-time image-guided resection technique to offer reliable functional and anatomical information during surgery. At present, the application of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) has been indicated to enhance resection rates and maximize brain function preservation. IOUS, which is promising due to its lower cost, minimal operational flow interruptions, and lack of radiation exposure, can enable real-time localization and precise tumor size and form descriptions while assisting in discriminating residual tumors and solving brain tissue shifts. Moreover, the application of new advancements in ultrasound technology, such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS), noninvasive ultrasound (NUS), and ultrasound elastography (UE), could assist in achieving GTR in glioma surgery. This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of IOUS in glioma surgery."
4605,brain tumour,38957232,Favorable Radiographic Response in a Patient With an Oligodendroglioma Treated With Azacitidine and Venetoclax for Acute Myeloid Leukemia.,"The standard chemotherapy for treating oligodendrogliomas consists of a combination of procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV). The combination of hypomethylating agents like azacitidine and BCL2 inhibitors like venetoclax has not been formally studied in the treatment of glial tumors. The combination of these two drugs is commonly used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with IDH-mutant disease being a particularly sensitive subtype. The use of azacitidine for the treatment of IDH-mutant gliomas has been reported in the literature, with mixed results that might suggest at least some benefits in a subtype of patients. It is also reported in the literature that the BCL2 gene is associated with treatment resistance and tumor recurrence in gliomas. Here, we present a patient with an oligodendroglioma who was treated with a conventional chemotherapy regimen for AML and, at the same time, had a favorable radiographic response to his brain tumor."
4606,brain tumour,38957161,Imaging meningioma biology: Machine learning predicts integrated risk score in WHO grade 2/3 meningioma.,"Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumors. While most are benign (WHO grade 1) and have a favorable prognosis, up to one-fourth are classified as higher-grade, falling into WHO grade 2 or 3 categories. Recently, an integrated risk score (IRS) pertaining to tumor biology was developed and its prognostic relevance was validated in a large, multicenter study. We hypothesized imaging data to be reflective of the IRS. Thus, we assessed the potential of a machine learning classifier for its noninvasive prediction using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)."
4607,brain tumour,38956740,The cuproptosis-related signature predicts the prognosis and immune microenvironments of primary diffuse gliomas: a comprehensive analysis.,"Evidence has revealed a connection between cuproptosis and the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. While the efficacy of a model based on cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in predicting the prognosis of peripheral organ tumors has been demonstrated, the impact of CRGs on the prognosis and the immunological landscape of gliomas remains unexplored."
4608,brain tumour,38956588,MicroRNAs as the pivotal regulators of Temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive nervous system tumor with a poor prognosis. Although, surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are the current standard protocol for GBM patients, there is still a poor prognosis in these patients. Temozolomide (TMZ) as a first-line therapeutic agent in GBM can easily cross from the blood-brain barrier to inhibit tumor cell proliferation. However, there is a high rate of TMZ resistance in GBM patients. Since, there are limited therapeutic choices for GBM patients who develop TMZ resistance; it is required to clarify the molecular mechanisms of chemo resistance to introduce the novel therapeutic targets. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate chemo resistance through regulation of drug metabolism, absorption, DNA repair, apoptosis, and cell cycle. In the present review we discussed the role of miRNAs in TMZ response of GBM cells. It has been reported that miRNAs mainly induced TMZ sensitivity by regulation of signaling pathways and autophagy in GBM cells. Therefore, miRNAs can be used as the reliable diagnostic/prognostic markers in GBM patients. They can also be used as the therapeutic targets to improve the TMZ response in GBM cells."
4609,brain tumour,38956551,Rapid detection of lung cancer based on serum Raman spectroscopy and a support vector machine: a case-control study.,"Early screening and detection of lung cancer is essential for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. In this paper, we investigated the feasibility of serum Raman spectroscopy for rapid lung cancer screening."
4610,brain tumour,38956384,Matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression and glioblastoma survival prediction using machine learning on digital pathological images.,"This study aimed to apply pathomics to predict Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) expression in glioblastoma (GBM) and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with pathomics. Here, we included 127 GBM patients, 78 of whom were randomly allocated to the training and test cohorts for pathomics modeling. The prognostic significance of MMP9 was assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. PyRadiomics was used to extract the features of H&E-stained whole slide images. Feature selection was performed using the maximum relevance and minimum redundancy (mRMR) and recursive feature elimination (RFE) algorithms. Prediction models were created using support vector machines (SVM) and logistic regression (LR). The performance was assessed using ROC analysis, calibration curve assessment, and decision curve analysis. MMP9 expression was elevated in patients with GBM. This was an independent prognostic factor for GBM. Six features were selected for the pathomics model. The area under the curves (AUCs) of the training and test subsets were 0.828 and 0.808, respectively, for the SVM model and 0.778 and 0.754, respectively, for the LR model. The C-index and calibration plots exhibited effective estimation abilities. The pathomics score calculated using the SVM model was highly correlated with overall survival time. These findings indicate that MMP9 plays a crucial role in GBM development and prognosis. Our pathomics model demonstrated high efficacy for predicting MMP9 expression levels and prognosis of patients with GBM."
4611,brain tumour,38956224,Classification of brain tumor types through MRIs using parallel CNNs and firefly optimization.,"Image segmentation is a critical and challenging endeavor in the field of medicine. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is a helpful method for locating any abnormal brain tissue these days. It is a difficult undertaking for radiologists to diagnose and classify the tumor from several pictures. This work develops an intelligent method for accurately identifying brain tumors. This research investigates the identification of brain tumor types from MRI data using convolutional neural networks and optimization strategies. Two novel approaches are presented: the first is a novel segmentation technique based on firefly optimization (FFO) that assesses segmentation quality based on many parameters, and the other is a combination of two types of convolutional neural networks to categorize tumor traits and identify the kind of tumor. These upgrades are intended to raise the general efficacy of the MRI scan technique and increase identification accuracy. Using MRI scans from BBRATS2018, the testing is carried out, and the suggested approach has shown improved performance with an average accuracy of 98.6%."
4612,brain tumour,38956112,Real-Time multifaceted artificial intelligence vs In-Person instruction in teaching surgical technical skills: a randomized controlled trial.,"Trainees develop surgical technical skills by learning from experts who provide context for successful task completion, identify potential risks, and guide correct instrument handling. This expert-guided training faces significant limitations in objectively assessing skills in real-time and tracking learning. It is unknown whether AI systems can effectively replicate nuanced real-time feedback, risk identification, and guidance in mastering surgical technical skills that expert instructors offer. This randomized controlled trial compared real-time AI feedback to in-person expert instruction. Ninety-seven medical trainees completed a 90-min simulation training with five practice tumor resections followed by a realistic brain tumor resection. They were randomly assigned into 1-real-time AI feedback, 2-in-person expert instruction, and 3-no real-time feedback. Performance was assessed using a composite-score and Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills rating, rated by blinded experts. Training with real-time AI feedback (n = 33) resulted in significantly better performance outcomes compared to no real-time feedback (n = 32) and in-person instruction (n = 32), .266, [95% CI .107 .425], p < .001; .332, [95% CI .173 .491], p = .005, respectively. Learning from AI resulted in similar OSATS ratings (4.30 vs 4.11, p = 1) compared to in-person training with expert instruction. Intelligent systems may refine the way operating skills are taught, providing tailored, quantifiable feedback and actionable instructions in real-time."
4613,brain tumour,38955901,Identification of Methamphetamine Abusers Can Be Supported by EEG-Based Wavelet Transform and BiLSTM Networks.,"Methamphetamine (MA) is a neurological drug, which is harmful to the overall brain cognitive function when abused. Based on this property of MA, people can be divided into those with MA abuse and healthy people. However, few studies to date have investigated automatic detection of MA abusers based on the neural activity. For this reason, the purpose of this research was to investigate the difference in the neural activity between MA abusers and healthy persons and accordingly discriminate MA abusers. First, we performed event-related potential (ERP) analysis to determine the time range of P300. Then, the wavelet coefficients of the P300 component were extracted as the main features, along with the time and frequency domain features within the selected P300 range to classify. To optimize the feature set, F_score was used to remove features below the average score. Finally, a Bidirectional Long Short-term Memory (BiLSTM) network was performed for classification. The experimental result showed that the detection accuracy of BiLSTM could reach 83.85%. In conclusion, the P300 component of EEG signals of MA abusers is different from that in normal persons. Based on this difference, this study proposes a novel way for the prevention and diagnosis of MA abuse."
4614,brain tumour,38955899,"Perspectives on patient positioning for surgery of fourth ventricular tumors and commentary on ""The telovelar approach for fourth ventricular tumors in children: is removal of the posterior arch of C1 necessary?"" by Cho and Dorfer et al.",No abstract found
4615,brain tumour,38955705,[Pituitary Crooke cell neuroendocrine tumor of adrenocorticotropic hormone differentiation-specific transcription factor lineage: a clinicopathological analysis of six cases].,
4616,brain tumour,38955315,Pathophysiological role of histamine signaling and its implications in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), an extremely aggressive and prevalent malignant brain tumor, remains a challenge to treat. Despite a multimodality treatment approach, GBM recurrence remains inevitable, particularly with the emergence of temozolomide (TMZ) resistance and limited treatment options. Surprisingly, previous studies show that a history of allergies, atopy, or asthma is inversely associated with GBM risk. Further, the electronic medical record at the University Hospital of Lausanne showed that the GBM patients taking antihistamine during treatment had better survival. Histamine is an essential neurotransmitter in the brain and plays a significant role in regulating sleep, hormonal balance, and cognitive functions. Elevated levels of histamine and increased histamine receptor expression have been found in different tumors and their microenvironments, including GBM. High histamine 1 receptor (HRH1) expression is inversely related to overall and progression-free survival in GBM patients, further emphasizing the role of histamine in disease progression. This review aims to provide insights into the challenges of GBM treatment, the role of histamine in GBM progression, and the rationale for considering antihistamines as targeted therapy. The review concludes by encouraging further investigation into antihistamine mechanisms and their impact on the tumor microenvironment."
4617,brain tumour,38955214,Using a three-dimensional-printed device with the patient's maxillary dental impression allows to perform minimally invasive brain biopsies in dogs and cats: a preliminary study.,To develop an innovative process for stereotactic brain biopsies in dogs and cats that would provide a definitive diagnosis and optimize the management of patients with brain lesions.
4618,brain tumour,38955178,"A multicenter, phase 1, Adult Brain Tumor Consortium trial of oral terameprocol for patients with recurrent high-grade glioma (GATOR).","Recurrent high-grade gliomas (rHGGs) have a dismal prognosis, where the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of IV terameprocol (5 days/month), a transcriptional inhibitor of specificity protein 1 (Sp1)-regulated proteins, is 1,700 mg/day with median area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of 31.3 μg∗h/mL. Given potentially increased efficacy with sustained systemic exposure and challenging logistics of daily IV therapy, here we investigate oral terameprocol for rHGGs in a multicenter, phase 1 trial (GATOR). Using a 3 + 3 dose-escalation design, we enroll 20 patients, with median age 60 years (range 31-80), 70% male, and median one relapse (range 1-3). Fasting patients tolerate 1,200 mg/day (n = 3), 2,400 mg/day (n = 6), 3,600 mg/day (n = 3), and 6,000 mg/day (n = 2) oral doses without major toxicities. However, increased dosage does not lead to increased systemic exposure, including in fed state (6,000 mg/day, n = 4), with maximal AUC <5 μg∗h/mL. These findings warrant trials investigating approaches that provide sustained systemic levels of transcription inhibitors to exploit their therapeutic potential. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02575794)."
4619,brain tumour,38955055,"Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of dietary or lifestyle interventions for hypothalamic obesity: A systematic review.","A dysfunctional hypothalamus may result in decreased feelings of satiety (hyperphagia), decreased energy expenditure, and increased fat storage as a consequence of hyperinsulinemia. Hypothalamic dysfunction may thus lead to morbid obesity and can be encountered in childhood as a consequence of congenital, genetic, or acquired disorders. There is currently no effective treatment for hypothalamic obesity (HO). However, comparable to alimentary obesity, dietary and lifestyle interventions may be considered the cornerstones of obesity treatment. We questioned the effect of dietary or lifestyle interventions for HO and systematically searched the literature for evidence on feasibility, safety, or efficacy of dietary or lifestyle interventions for childhood hypothalamic overweight or obesity."
4620,brain tumour,38954867,The role of neurosurgeon in the multidisciplinary approach to ectopic or bifocal intracranial germinoma: A systematic review and report of two illustrative cases.,"Pure germinoma typically originates from the midline and is usually found in the pineal and suprasellar regions in 76-90 % of cases. When it is in both regions, it is considered bifocal (10 % at diagnosis). If pure germinoma is located outside of the midline, it is considered ectopic, with a global incidence of about 0.7 %. The study aims to describe the clinical and surgical approach to patients with atypical intracranial ectopic germinoma (IEG) and bifocal germinoma (BG) through a literature review with the goal to delineate the correct diagnostic and therapeutic pathway, to reduce the diagnostic delay and improve the prognosis of these patients."
4621,brain tumour,38954731,Brain tumor classification in VIT-B/16 based on relative position encoding and residual MLP.,"Brain tumors pose a significant threat to health, and their early detection and classification are crucial. Currently, the diagnosis heavily relies on pathologists conducting time-consuming morphological examinations of brain images, leading to subjective outcomes and potential misdiagnoses. In response to these challenges, this study proposes an improved Vision Transformer-based algorithm for human brain tumor classification. To overcome the limitations of small existing datasets, Homomorphic Filtering, Channels Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization, and Unsharp Masking techniques are applied to enrich dataset images, enhancing information and improving model generalization. Addressing the limitation of the Vision Transformer's self-attention structure in capturing input token sequences, a novel relative position encoding method is employed to enhance the overall predictive capabilities of the model. Furthermore, the introduction of residual structures in the Multi-Layer Perceptron tackles convergence degradation during training, leading to faster convergence and enhanced algorithm accuracy. Finally, this study comprehensively analyzes the network model's performance on validation sets in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a classification accuracy of 91.36% on an augmented open-source brain tumor dataset, surpassing the original VIT-B/16 accuracy by 5.54%. This validates the effectiveness of the proposed approach in brain tumor classification, offering potential reference for clinical diagnoses by medical practitioners."
4622,brain tumour,38954601,The Impact of Perilesional Heatsink Structures on Ablation Volumes in Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Brain Metastases.,"Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) has demonstrated promise in surgical neuro-oncology because of its effectiveness in delivering precise thermal energy to lesions. The extent of ablation (EOA) is a prognostic factor in improving patient outcomes but is often affected by perilesional heatsink structures, which can lead to asymmetric ablations. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the impact of various perilesional heatsink structures on the EOA in LITT for brain metastases."
4623,brain tumour,38954263,5α-Epoxyalantolactone from Inula macrophylla attenuates cognitive deficits in scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease mice model.,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition. 5α-epoxyalantolactone (5α-EAL), a eudesmane-type sesquiterpene isolated from the herb of Inula macrophylla, has various pharmacological effects. This work supposed to investigate the improved impact of 5α-EAL on cognitive impairment. 5α-EAL inhibited the generation of nitric oxide (NO) in BV-2 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with an EC"
4624,brain tumour,38954104,"Cancer-related cognitive impairment as a key contributor to psychopathology in cancer survivors: implications for prevention, treatment and supportive care.","A significant proportion of cancer survivors will experience some form of mental health compromise across domains including mood, anxiety, psychosis, eating disorders, and substance use. This psychopathology within cancer survivors is related to a range of negative outcomes and can also have a substantial negative impact on quality of life. Along with psychopathology, cognitive impairments are also commonly experienced, resulting in deficits in memory, reasoning, decision-making, speed of processing, and concentration, collectively referred to as cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). Within the non-oncology literature, cognitive deficits are consistently demonstrated to be a key transdiagnostic aetiological feature of psychopathology, functionally contributing to the development and perpetuation of symptoms. Whilst there is an acknowledgement of the role mental health concerns might play in the development of and perception of CRCI, there has been limited acknowledgement and research exploring the potential for CRCI to functionally contribute toward the development of transdiagnostic psychopathology in cancer survivors beyond simply psychosocial distress. Given the theoretical and empirical evidence suggesting cognitive deficits to be an aetiological factor in psychopathology, we provide a rationale for the potential for CRCI to be a factor in the development and perpetuation of transdiagnostic psychopathology in cancer survivors. This potential functional association has significant implications for risk identification, prevention, treatment, and supportive cancer care approaches regarding psychopathology in cancer survivorship. We conclude by providing directions for future research in this area."
4625,brain tumour,38954077,"Diffusion tensor imaging in detecting gliomas sub-regions of infiltration, local and remote recurrences: a systematic review.","Given that glioma cells tend to infiltrate and migrate along WM tracts, leading to demyelination and axonal injuries, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) emerged as a promising tool for identifying major ""high-risk areas"" of recurrence within the peritumoral brain zone (PBZ) or at a distance throughout the adjacents white matter tracts. Of our systematic review is to answer the following research question: In patients with brain tumor, is DTI able to recognizes within the peri-tumoral brain zone (PBZ) areas more prone to local (near the surgical cavity) or remote recurrence compared to the conventional imaging techniques?. We conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify relevant studies in line with the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) guidelines. 15 papers were deemed compatible with our research question and included. To enhance the paper's readability, we have categorized our findings into two distinct groups: the first delves into the role of DTI in detecting PBZ sub-regions of infiltration and local recurrences (n = 8), while the second group explores the feasibility of DTI in detecting white matter tract infiltration and remote recurrences (n = 7). DTI values and, within a broader framework, radiomics investigations can provide precise, voxel-by-voxel insights into the state of PBZ and recurrences. Better defining the regions at risk for potential recurrence within the PBZ and along WM bundles will allow targeted therapy."
4626,brain tumour,38954031,TRP-2 / gp100 DNA vaccine and PD-1 checkpoint blockade combination for the treatment of intracranial tumors.,"Intracranial tumors present a significant therapeutic challenge due to their physiological location. Immunotherapy presents an attractive method for targeting these intracranial tumors due to relatively low toxicity and tumor specificity. Here we show that SCIB1, a TRP-2 and gp100 directed ImmunoBody® DNA vaccine, generates a strong TRP-2 specific immune response, as demonstrated by the high number of TRP2-specific IFNγ spots produced and the detection of a significant number of pentamer positive T cells in the spleen of vaccinated mice. Furthermore, vaccine-induced T cells were able to recognize and kill B16"
4627,brain tumour,38953989,Approaches to supratentorial brain tumours in children.,"The differential diagnosis of supratentorial brain tumours in children can be challenging, especially considering the recent changes to the WHO classification of CNS tumours published in 2021. Many new tumour types have been proposed which frequently present in children and young adults and their imaging features are currently being described by the neuroradiology community. The purpose of this article is to provide guidance to residents and fellows new to the field of paediatric neuroradiology on how to evaluate an MRI of a patient with a newly diagnosed supratentorial tumour. Six different approaches are discussed including: 1. Tumour types, briefly discussing the main changes to the recent WHO classification of CNS tumours, 2. Patient age and its influence on incidence rates of specific tumour types, 3. Growth patterns, 4. Tumour location and how defining the correct location helps in narrowing down the differential diagnoses and 5. Imaging features of the tumour on DWI, SWI, FLAIR and post contrast sequences."
4628,brain tumour,38953837,Forkhead box M1 mediates metabolic reprogramming in human colorectal cancer cells.,"Metabolic reprogramming is recognized as a hallmark of cancer, enabling cancer cells to acquire essential biomolecules for cell growth, often characterized by upregulated glycolysis and/or fatty acid synthesis-related genes. The transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) has been implicated in various cancers, contributing significantly to their development, including colorectal cancer (CRC), a major global health concern. Despite FOXM1's established role in cancer, its specific involvement in the Warburg effect and fatty acid biosynthesis in CRC remains unclear. We analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Colonic Adenocarcinoma and Rectal Adenocarcinoma (COADREAD) datasets to derive the correlation of the expression levels between "
4629,brain tumour,38953646,Surgical Strategy for Dumbbell-Shaped Cervical Schwannoma at the Vicinity of the Vertebral Artery: The Utilization of Anatomic Layer.,"In cases where dumbbell-shaped cervical schwannoma encases the vertebral artery (VA), there is a risk of VA injury during surgery. The objective of this study is to propose a strategy for preserving the VA during the surgical excision of tumors adjacent to the VA through the utilization of anatomic layers."
4630,brain tumour,38953502,Investigation of the effects of curcumin and piperine on cyclophosphamide-induced brain injury in rats.,"Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an antineoplastic drug widely used in chemotherapy. Curcumin (CUR) and piperine (PP) show a protective effect on neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. This research was designed to measure several biochemical parameters in the brain tissue of CP-applied rats to investigate the impact of combined CUR-PP administration. The study evaluated six groups of eight rats: Group 1 was the control; Groups 2 and 3 were administered 200 or 300 mg/kg CUR-PP via oral gavage; Group 4 received only 200 mg/kg CP on day 1; Groups 5 and 6 received CP + CUR-PP for 7 days. Data from all parameters indicated that CP caused brain damage. Phosphorylated TAU (pTAU), amyloid-beta peptide 1-42 (Aβ1-42), glutamate (GLU), and gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) parameters were the same in Groups 4, 5, and 6. On the other hand, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kβ), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in the CP + CUR-PP groups were lower than those in the CP group (p < 0.05). However, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH) parameters were higher in the CP + CUR-PP groups compared to the CP group (p < 0.05). It is thought that the similarity of Groups 5 and 6 with Group 4 in Aβ1-42, pTAU, GLU, and GABA parameters hinder the determination of treatment protection however, they might have a therapeutic effect if the applied dose or study duration were changed. This study attempted to evaluate the effects of a CUR-PP combination on CP-induced brain damage in rats by measuring biochemical parameters and performing histopathological examinations. Based on the findings, this CUR-PP combination could be considered an alternative medicine option in cases with conditions similar to those evaluated in this study."
4631,brain tumour,38953309,Resection of meningiomas located in motor eloquent areas - comparative analysis of navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation and conventional neuronavigation.,"Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) has been established as a preoperative diagnostic procedure in glioma surgery, increasing the extent of resection and preserving functional outcome. nTMS motor mapping for the resection of motor eloquent meningiomas has not been evaluated in a comparative analysis, yet."
4632,brain tumour,38953273,[Tumor-Like Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis With Spina Involvement:Report of One Case].,"Primary central nervous system vasculitis (PACNS) is a vasculitic disorder affecting small to medium-sized blood vessels primarily in the central nervous system,involving the brain,spinal cord,and meninges.Tumor-like PNCAS,a rare subtype of PACNS,is often misdiagnosed as intracranial malignancy,and that with spinal cord involvement is even more uncommon.The lack of specific clinical symptoms and imaging manifestations poses a challenge to the diagnosis of PACNS.This report presents a case of tumor-like PACNS with spinal cord involvement based on the pathological evidence,aiming to enrich the knowledge about this condition."
4633,brain tumour,38953045,"The global burden, trends, and inequalities of individuals with developmental and intellectual disabilities attributable to iodine deficiency from 1990 to 2019 and its prediction up to 2030.",The objective of this study was to assess the global burden of disease for developmental and intellectual disabilities caused by iodine deficiency from 1990 to 2019.
4634,brain tumour,38952964,Effect of glucocorticoid blockade on inflammatory responses to acute sleep fragmentation in male mice.,"The association between sleep and the immune-endocrine system is well recognized, but the nature of that relationship is not well understood. Sleep fragmentation induces a pro-inflammatory response in peripheral tissues and brain, but it also activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, releasing glucocorticoids (GCs) (cortisol in humans and corticosterone in mice). It is unclear whether this rapid release of glucocorticoids acts to potentiate or dampen the inflammatory response in the short term. The purpose of this study was to determine whether blocking or suppressing glucocorticoid activity will affect the inflammatory response from acute sleep fragmentation (ASF). Male C57BL/6J mice were injected i.p. with either 0.9% NaCl (vehicle 1), metyrapone (a glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitor, dissolved in vehicle 1), 2% ethanol in polyethylene glycol (vehicle 2), or mifepristone (a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, dissolved in vehicle 2) 10 min before the start of ASF or no sleep fragmentation (NSF). After 24 h, samples were collected from brain (prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus) and periphery (liver, spleen, heart, and epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT)). Proinflammatory gene expression (TNF-"
4635,brain tumour,38952601,The Role of ArtificiaI Intelligence in Brain Tumor Diagnosis: An Evaluation of a Machine Learning Model.,"This research study explores of the effectiveness of a machine learning image classification model in the accurate identification of various types of brain tumors. The types of tumors under consideration in this study are gliomas, meningiomas, and pituitary tumors. These are some of the most common types of brain tumors and pose significant challenges in terms of accurate diagnosis and treatment. The machine learning model that is the focus of this study is built on the Google Teachable Machine platform (Alphabet Inc., Mountain View, CA). The Google Teachable Machine is a machine learning image classification platform that is built from Tensorflow, a popular open-source platform for machine learning. The Google Teachable Machine model was specifically evaluated for its ability to differentiate between normal brains and the aforementioned types of tumors in MRI images. MRI images are a common tool in the diagnosis of brain tumors, but the challenge lies in the accurate classification of the tumors. This is where the machine learning model comes into play. The model is trained to recognize patterns in the MRI images that correspond to the different types of tumors. The performance of the machine learning model was assessed using several metrics. These include precision, recall, and F1 score. These metrics were generated from a confusion matrix analysis and performance graphs. A confusion matrix is a table that is often used to describe the performance of a classification model. Precision is a measure of the model's ability to correctly identify positive instances among all instances it identified as positive. Recall, on the other hand, measures the model's ability to correctly identify positive instances among all actual positive instances. The F1 score is a measure that combines precision and recall providing a single metric for model performance. The results of the study were promising. The Google Teachable Machine model demonstrated high performance, with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores ranging between 0.84 and 1.00. This suggests that the model is highly effective in accurately classifying the different types of brain tumors. This study provides insights into the potential of machine learning models in the accurate classification of brain tumors. The findings of this study lay the groundwork for further research in this area and have implications for the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors. The study also highlights the potential of machine learning in enhancing the field of medical imaging and diagnosis. With the increasing complexity and volume of medical data, machine learning models like the one evaluated in this study could play a crucial role in improving the accuracy and efficiency of diagnoses. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of continued research and development in this field to further refine these models and overcome any potential limitations or challenges. Overall, the study contributes to the field of medical imaging and machine learning and sets the stage for future research and advancements in this area."
4636,brain tumour,38952400,Study on the Relationship Between MRI Functional Imaging and Multiple Immunohistochemical Features of Glioma: A Noninvasive and More Precise Glioma Management.,To investigate the performance of diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) and hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (
4637,brain tumour,38952395,Natural history and surgical outcomes of Rathke's cleft cysts: a Spanish multicenter study.,"Rathke's cleft cysts (RCC) are a common type of lesion found in the sellar or suprasellar area. They are usually monitored clinically, but in some cases, surgery may be required. However, their natural progression is not yet well understood, and the outcomes of surgery are uncertain. The objective of this study is to evaluate the natural history of Rathke's cleft cysts in patients who are clinically monitored without treatment, and to determine the outcomes of surgery and the incidence of recurrences over time."
4638,brain tumour,38952353,The Potential Significance of the EMILIN3 Gene in Augmenting the Aggressiveness of Low-Grade Gliomas is Noteworthy.,Low-grade gliomas (LGG) are common brain tumors with high mortality rates. Cancer cell invasion is a significant factor in tumor metastasis. Novel biomarkers are urgently needed to predict LGG prognosis effectively.
4639,brain tumour,38952292,Revealing the effect of X-ray or proton brain irradiation on systemic inflammation and leukocyte subpopulation interplay in rodents.,"The absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) offer convenient means to assess systemic inflammation post-cancer treatment, which influences treatment outcomes. Understanding these biomarker variations and leukocyte subpopulation interplay is crucial for optimizing radiotherapy. Herein, leukocyte subpopulations (T-CD4+, T-CD8+, B cells, NK cells, neutrophils, monocytes) during and after brain irradiation (using X-rays or protons) in tumor-free mice were used to compute ALC, LMR, and NLR, on which radiation parameter influence was assessed by principal component analysis (PCA). NLR kinetics was further examined using modeling. Leukocyte subpopulation interplays and their response to radiation parameters were examined using PCA and correlation analysis. Under X-rays, ALC and LMR decreased, with ALC recovered to baseline after irradiation, but not LMR. Both X-rays and protons increased the NLR during irradiation, recovering in protons but not X-rays. Both irradiation volume and dose rate had a pronounced effect on the NLR. Leukocyte subpopulation interplay was observed under X-rays and protons, normalizing in the proton group by day 28. Lymphopenia was observed in all lymphocyte subpopulations under X-ray irradiation but not protons. The recovery patterns varied among the subpopulations. Neutrophil counts increased during irradiation, with the recovery of protons, but not X-rays, by day 28. Interplays between NK cells and myeloid subpopulations were evident under X-rays but not protons. Importantly, no interplay was detected between myeloid cells and T/B cells, indicating that LMR and NLR variations were primarily due to independent responses to brain irradiation. A tumor-free experimental mouse model was used to study the effects of brain radiotherapy on systemic immunity. When administering fractionated irradiation with a total dose of 20 Gy using a vertical beam to either the whole brain or hemi-brain, proton irradiation had fewer adverse impacts on the immune system compared to X-rays in tumor-free rodents."
4640,brain tumour,38952213,Perceptions of the Impact of Comorbidity on the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme: Qualitative Study With Bowel Screening Participants and Staff.,"The impact of multiple health conditions on bowel cancer screening is currently unknown. We explored the impact of multiple health conditions on bowel cancer screening perceptions, experience and clinical management decisions following a positive stool test."
4641,brain tumour,38952208,A Self-Cascade Penetrating Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Mediated by Near-Infrared II Cell Membrane-Disrupting Nanoflakes via Detained Dendritic Cells.,"Immunotherapy can potentially suppress the highly aggressive glioblastoma (GBM) by promoting T lymphocyte infiltration. Nevertheless, the immune privilege phenomenon, coupled with the generally low immunogenicity of vaccines, frequently hampers the presence of lymphocytes within brain tumors, particularly in brain tumors. In this study, the membrane-disrupted polymer-wrapped CuS nanoflakes that can penetrate delivery to deep brain tumors via releasing the cell-cell interactions, facilitating the near-infrared II (NIR II) photothermal therapy, and detaining dendritic cells for a self-cascading immunotherapy are developed. By convection-enhanced delivery, membrane-disrupted amphiphilic polymer micelles (poly(methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-benzoic imine-octadecane, mPEG-"
4642,brain tumour,38952086,[Resveratrol attenuates neuroinflammation and alleviates emotional dysfunction in mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy through promoting chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA)].,"Objective To elucidate the role of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) in alleviating emotional dysfunction in mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Methods The SAE mouse model was established by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). The severity of sepsis was assessed using the sepsis severity score (MSS). Emotional function in SAE mice was assessed by the open-field test and elevated plus-maze. The expression levels of cognitive heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70), lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A) and high mobility group box 1 protein B1 (HMGB1) were detected using Western blotting. Co-localization of LAMP2A in the hippocampal neurons was observed by immunofluorescence. The release of inflammatory factors interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was measured using ELISA. Following 12 hours post-CLP, mice were orally administered resveratrol at a dose of 30 mg/kg once daily until day 14. Results The mortality rate of CLP mice was 45.83% 24 days post CLP, and all surviving mice exhibited emotional disturbances. 24 hours after CLP, a significant decrease in HSC70 and LAMP2A expression in hippocampal neurons was observed, indicating impaired CMA activity. Meanwhile, HMGB1 and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) levels increased. After resveratrol treatment, an increase of HSC70 and LAMP2A expression, and a decrease of HMGB1 expression and inflammatory cytokine release were observed, suggesting enhanced CMA activity and reduced neuroinflammation. Behavioral tests showed that emotional dysfunction was improved in SAE mice after resveratrol treatment. Conclusion CMA activity of hippocampal neurons in SAE mice is significantly reduced, leading to emotional dysfunction. Resveratrol can alleviate neuroinflammation and emotional dysfunction in SAE mice by promoting CMA and inhibiting the expression of HMGB1 and the release of inflammatory factors."
4643,brain tumour,38951862,Utilizing human cerebral organoids to model breast cancer brain metastasis in culture.,"Metastasis, the spread, and growth of malignant cells at secondary sites within a patient's body, accounts for over 90% of cancer-related mortality. Breast cancer is the most common tumor type diagnosed and the leading cause of cancer lethality in women in the United States. It is estimated that 10-16% breast cancer patients will have brain metastasis. Current therapies to treat patients with breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) remain palliative. This is largely due to our limited understanding of the fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms through which BCBM progresses, which represents a critical barrier for the development of efficient therapies for affected breast cancer patients."
4644,brain tumour,38951806,Recent advances in gene delivery nanoplatforms based on spherical nucleic acids.,"Gene therapy is a therapeutic option for mitigating diseases that do not respond well to pharmacological therapy. This type of therapy allows for correcting altered and defective genes by transferring nucleic acids to target cells. Notably, achieving a desirable outcome is possible by successfully delivering genetic materials into the cell. In-vivo gene transfer strategies use two major classes of vectors, namely viral and nonviral. Both of these systems have distinct pros and cons, and the choice of a delivery system depends on therapeutic objectives and other considerations. Safe and efficient gene transfer is the main feature of any delivery system. Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) are nanotechnology-based gene delivery systems (i.e., non-viral vectors). They are three-dimensional structures consisting of a hollow or solid spherical core nanoparticle that is functionalized with a dense and highly organized layer of oligonucleotides. The unique structural features of SNAs confer them a high potency in internalization into various types of tissue and cells, a high stability against nucleases, and efficay in penetrating through various biological barriers (such as the skin, blood-brain barrier, and blood-tumor barrier). SNAs also show negligible toxicity and trigger minimal immune response reactions. During the last two decades, all these favorable physicochemical and biological attributes have made them attractive vehicles for drug and nucleic acid delivery. This article discusses the unique structural properties, types of SNAs, and also optimization mechanisms of SNAs. We also focus on recent advances in the synthesis of gene delivery nanoplatforms based on the SNAs."
4645,brain tumour,38951603,Combination of MRI-based prediction and CRISPR/Cas12a-based detection for IDH genotyping in glioma.,"Early identification of IDH mutation status is of great significance in clinical therapeutic decision-making in the treatment of glioma. We demonstrate a technological solution to improve the accuracy and reliability of IDH mutation detection by combining MRI-based prediction and a CRISPR-based automatic integrated gene detection system (AIGS). A model was constructed to predict the IDH mutation status using whole slices in MRI scans with a Transformer neural network, and the predictive model achieved accuracies of 0.93, 0.87, and 0.84 using the internal and two external test sets, respectively. Additionally, CRISPR/Cas12a-based AIGS was constructed, and AIGS achieved 100% diagnostic accuracy in terms of IDH detection using both frozen tissue and FFPE samples in one hour. Moreover, the feature attribution of our predictive model was assessed using GradCAM, and the highest correlations with tumor cell percentages in enhancing and IDH-wildtype gliomas were found to have GradCAM importance (0.65 and 0.5, respectively). This MRI-based predictive model could, therefore, guide biopsy for tumor-enriched, which would ensure the veracity and stability of the rapid detection results. The combination of our predictive model and AIGS improved the early determination of IDH mutation status in glioma patients. This combined system of MRI-based prediction and CRISPR/Cas12a-based detection can be used to guide biopsy, resection, and radiation for glioma patients to improve patient outcomes."
4646,brain tumour,38951469,EIF4A3-Induced Circ_0059914 Promoted Angiogenesis and EMT of Glioma via the miR-1249/VEGFA Pathway.,"Gliomas are common brain tumors. Despite extensive research, the 5-year survival rate of glioma remains low. Many studies have reported that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a role in promoting the malignant progression of glioma; however, the role of circ_0059914 in this process remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function and underlying mechanism of circ_0059914 in glioma. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to determine the levels of circ_0059914, miR-1249, VEGFA, N-cadherin, vimentin, Snail, and EIF4A3. EDU and colony formation assays were conducted to evaluate cell proliferation. Transwell assays were used to explore cell migration and invasion and tube formation assays were used to analyze angiogenesis. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to explore the relationship between EIF4A3, circ_0059914, miR-1249, and VEGFA. A xenograft tumor assay was performed to determine the role of circ_0059914 in vivo. Circ_0059914 expression was upregulated in gliomas. Knockdown of gliomal circ_0059914 expression reduced the proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and growth of glioma cells in vivo. Circ_0059914 sponged miR-1249, and miR-1249 inhibition reversed the circ_0059914 knockdown-mediated effects in glioma cells. VEGFA was found to be a target gene of miR1249; overexpression of VEGFA reversed the effect of miR-1249 up-regulation in glioma. Finally, EIF4A3 increased the expression of circ_0059914. EIF4A3-induced circ_0059914 expression plays a role in promoting glioma via the miR-1249/VEGFA axis."
4647,brain tumour,38951457,Assessing survival in non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases after stereotactic radiosurgery: before and after the start of the targetable mutation era.,"Targeted treatment options for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastases (BMs) may be combined with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to optimize survival. We assessed patient outcomes after SRS for NSCLC BMs, identifying survival trajectories associated with targetable mutations."
4648,brain tumour,38951281,Propofol Protects the Blood-Brain Barrier After Traumatic Brain Injury by Stabilizing the Extracellular Matrix via Prrx1: From Neuroglioma to Neurotrauma.,"The purpose of this study is to explore the shared molecular pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and high-grade glioma and investigate the mechanism of propofol (PF) as a potential protective agent. By analyzing the Chinese glioma genome atlas (CGGA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, we compared the transcriptomic data of high-grade glioma and TBI patients to identify common pathological mechanisms. Through bioinformatics analysis, in vitro experiments and in vivo TBI model, we investigated the regulatory effect of PF on extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes through Prrx1 under oxidative stress. The impact of PF on BBB integrity under oxidative stress was investigated using a dual-layer BBB model, and we explored the protective effect of PF on tight junction proteins and ECM-related genes in mice after TBI. The study found that high-grade glioma and TBI share ECM instability as an important molecular pathological mechanism. PF stabilizes the ECM and protects the BBB by directly binding to Prrx1 or indirectly regulating Prrx1 through miRNAs. In addition, PF reduces intracellular calcium ions and ROS levels under oxidative stress, thereby preserving BBB integrity. In a TBI mouse model, PF protected BBB integrity through up-regulated tight junction proteins and stabilized the expression of ECM-related genes. Our study reveals the shared molecular pathogenesis between TBI and glioblastoma and demonstrate the potential of PF as a protective agent of BBB. This provides new targets and approaches for the development of novel neurotrauma therapeutic drugs."
4649,brain tumour,38951170,Prognostic relevance of high expression of kynurenine pathway markers in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) continues to exhibit a discouraging survival rate despite extensive research into new treatments. One factor contributing to its poor prognosis is the tumor's immunosuppressive microenvironment, in which the kynurenine pathway (KP) plays a significant role. This study aimed to explore how KP impacts the survival of newly diagnosed GBM patients. We examined tissue samples from 108 GBM patients to assess the expression levels of key KP markers-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1/2), and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Using immunohistochemistry and QuPath software, three tumor cores were analyzed per patient to evaluate KP marker expression. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and stepwise multivariate Cox regression were used to determine the effect of these markers on patient survival. Results showed that patients with high expression of TDO2, IDO1/2, and AhR had significantly shorter survival times. This finding held true even when controlling for other known prognostic variables, with a hazard ratio of 3.393 for IDO1, 2.775 for IDO2, 1.891 for TDO2, and 1.902 for AhR. We suggest that KP markers could serve as useful tools for patient stratification, potentially guiding future immunomodulating trials and personalized treatment approaches for GBM patients."
4650,brain tumour,38951153,Dissecting the antidepressant effect of troxerutin: modulation of neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice.,"The role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of depression has prompted the search for new antidepressants. Troxerutin, a bioflavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has shown promise, but its impact on neurobehavioral functions remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant potential of troxerutin and its effect on the neuroinflammatory response. Here, we exposed male Swiss mice (n = 5/group) to various treatments, including naive and negative controls receiving distilled water, troxerutin-treated groups administered at different doses (10, 20, 40 mg/kg, i.p.), and an imipramine-treated group (25 mg/kg, i.p.). After seven days of treatment, with the exception of the naive group, mice were administered a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.83 mg/kg). Behavioral evaluations, consisting of the novelty-suppressed feeding (NSF) test, forced swim test (FST), and open field test (OFT), were conducted. Additionally, brain samples were collected for biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. Troxerutin significantly reduced immobility time in the FST and mitigated behavioral deficits in the NSF test. Additionally, troxerutin increased glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels while reducing nitrite, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels compared to the negative control. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed decreased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in troxerutin-treated mice. Overall, these findings suggest that troxerutin exerts significant antidepressive-like effects, likely mediated by its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. The reduction in neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, along with the improvement in behavioral outcomes, underscores troxerutin's potential as a therapeutic agent for depression."
4651,brain tumour,38950713,miR-193b-3p/ PGC-1α pathway regulates an insulin dependent anti-inflammatory response in Parkinson's disease.,"It has been shown that many miRNAs, including miR-193b-3p, are differentially expressed in Parkinson's disease (PD). Dysregulation of miR-193b-3p/PGC-1α axis may alter homeostasis in cells and can induce an inflammatory response commonly accompanied by metabolic disturbances. The aim of the present study is to investigate if dysregulation of the miR-193-3p/PGC-1α axis may contribute to the pathological changes observed in the PD brain. Brain tissue were obtained from middle frontal gyrus of non-demented controls and individuals with a PD diagnosis. RT-qPCR was used to determine the expression of miR-193b-3p and in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunological analysis were employed to establish the cellular distribution of miR-193b-3p. Functional assays were performed using SH-SY5Y cells, including transfection and knock-down of miR-193b-3p. We found significantly lower expression of miR-193b-3p in the early stages of PD (PD4) which increased throughout disease progression. Furthermore, altered expression of PGC-1α suggested a direct inhibitory effect of miR-193b-3p in the brain of individuals with PD. Moreover, we observed changes in expression of insulin after transfection of SH-SY5Y cells with miR-193b-3p, which led to dysregulation in the expression of several pro- or anti - inflammatory genes. Our findings indicate that the miR-193b-3p/PGC-1α axis is involved in the regulation of insulin signaling. This regulation is crucial, since insulin induced inflammatory response may serve as a protective mechanism during acute situations but potentially evolve into a pathological process in chronic conditions. This novel regulatory mechanism may represent an interesting therapeutic target with potential benefits for various neurodegenerative diseases."
4652,brain tumour,38950414,Research on the mechanism of TWSG1 in the malignant progression of glioma cells and tumor-associated macrophage infiltration.,"Gliomas are malignant tumors of the central nervous system; current treatment methods have low efficacy. Twisted gastrulation BMP signaling modulator 1 (TWSG1) has been shown to play a role in gliomas but it is not known whether TWSG1 participates in glioma pathogenesis and macrophage immune regulation. This study identified a total of 24 differentially expressed genes with survival differences in gliomas using bioinformatics analysis. Among them, TWSG1 exhibited the strongest correlation with gliomas and was positively correlated with macrophage enrichment. The results showed that TWSG1 was highly expressed in various glioma cell lines, with the highest expression observed in the A172 cell line. Silencing TWSG1 significantly decreased the viability, migration, and invasion of A172 cells in vitro and tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model in vivo. It also reduced the expression of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9 both in vivo and in vitro. Silencing TWSG1 significantly reduced the expression of M2 macrophage makers and upregulated the expression of M1 macrophage markers in A172 cells and tumor tissues. These data suggest that interference with TWSG1 suppressed the progression of A172 glioma cells and regulated immune infiltration."
4653,brain tumour,38950334,Porphyrin-Based Organic Nanoparticles with NIR-IIa Fluorescence for Orthotopic Glioblastoma Theranostics.,"The development of efficient theranostic nanoagents for the precise diagnosis and targeted therapy of glioblastoma (GBM) remains a big challenge. Herein, we designed and developed porphyrin-based organic nanoparticles (PNP NPs) with strong emission in the near-infrared IIa window (NIR-IIa) for orthotopic GBM theranostics. PNP NPs possess favorable photoacoustic and photothermal properties, high photostability, and low toxicity. After modification with the RGD peptide, the obtained PNPD NPs exhibited enhanced blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration capability and GBM targeting ability. NIR-IIa imaging was employed to monitor the "
4654,brain tumour,38950155,Clinical characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with ,Neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (
4655,brain tumour,38950092,DNA Methylation of BDNF and RASA2 Genes Is Associated With Cognitive Function in Postmenopausal Women With Breast Cancer.,To determine associations among DNA methylation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and RAS p21 protein activator 2 (RASA2) genes with processing speed and perceived cognitive function.
4656,brain tumour,38950056,The association between ABO blood types and peripherally inserted central catheter-related venous thrombosis for patients with cancer: A retrospective 7-year single-center experience and meta-analysis.,This meta-analysis evaluated the association of ABO blood type on central venous catheter-related thrombosis (CRT).
4657,brain tumour,38949756,Multi-scale brain attributes contribute to the distribution of diffuse glioma subtypes.,"Gliomas are primary brain tumors and are among the most malignant types. Adult-type diffuse gliomas can be classified based on their histological and molecular signatures as IDH-wildtype glioblastoma, IDH-mutant astrocytoma, and IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendroglioma. Recent studies have shown that each subtype of glioma has its own specific distribution pattern. However, the mechanisms underlying the specific distributions of glioma subtypes are not entirely clear despite partial explanations such as cell origin. To investigate the impact of multi-scale brain attributes on glioma distribution, we constructed cumulative frequency maps for diffuse glioma subtypes based on T1w structural images and evaluated the spatial correlation between tumor frequency and diverse brain attributes, including postmortem gene expression, functional connectivity metrics, cerebral perfusion, glucose metabolism, and neurotransmitter signaling. Regression models were constructed to evaluate the contribution of these factors to the anatomic distribution of different glioma subtypes. Our findings revealed that the three different subtypes of gliomas had distinct distribution patterns, showing spatial preferences toward different brain environmental attributes. Glioblastomas were especially likely to occur in regions enriched with synapse-related pathways and diverse neurotransmitter receptors. Astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas preferentially occurred in areas enriched with genes associated with neutrophil-mediated immune responses. The functional network characteristics and neurotransmitter distribution also contributed to oligodendroglioma distribution. Our results suggest that different brain transcriptomic, neurotransmitter, and connectomic attributes are the factors that determine the specific distributions of glioma subtypes. These findings highlight the importance of bridging diverse scales of biological organization when studying neurological dysfunction."
4658,brain tumour,38949692,"Global post‑marketing safety surveillance of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy in over 25,000 patients with CNS malignancies treated between 2011-2022.","Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are alternating electric fields that disrupt cancer cell processes. TTFields therapy is approved for recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM), and newly-diagnosed (nd) GBM (with concomitant temozolomide for ndGBM; US), and for grade IV glioma (EU). We present an updated global, post-marketing surveillance safety analysis of patients with CNS malignancies treated with TTFields therapy."
4659,brain tumour,38949565,A data-driven intravoxel mean diffusivities distribution approach for molecular classifications and MIB-1 prediction of gliomas.,"Measuring non-parametric intravoxel mean diffusivity distributions (MDDs) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sensitive method for detecting intracellular diffusivity changes during physiological alterations. Histological and molecular glioma classifications are essential for prognosis and treatment, with distinct water diffusion dynamics among subtypes."
4660,brain tumour,38949002,Role of Machine Learning in Liquid Biopsy of Brain Tumours.,"Liquid biopsy has multiple benefits and is used extensively in other fields of oncology, but its role in neuro-oncology has been limited so far. Multiple tumour-derived materials like circulating tumour cells (CTCs), tumour-educated platelets (TEPs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), and miRNA are studied in CSF, blood (plasma, serum) or urine. Large and complex amounts of data from liquid biopsy can be simplified by machine learning using various algorithms. By using this technique, we can diagnose brain tumours and differentiate low versus highgrade glioma and true progression from pseudo-progression. The potential of liquid biopsy in brain tumours has not been extensively studied, but it has a bright future in the coming years. Here, we present a literature review on the role of machine learning in liquid biopsy of brain tumours."
4661,brain tumour,38948968,Diagnostic characteristics and management outcome in patients with acromegaly: A 15-year experience at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.,"To assess the diagnostic features of acromegaly, and analyse its management outcomes over a 15-year period in a tertiary care setting."
4662,brain tumour,38948951,Multicenter integration analysis of TRP channels revealed potential mechanisms of immunosuppressive microenvironment activation and identified a machine learning-derived signature for improving outcomes in gliomas.,"This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels on the immune microenvironment and develop a TRP-related signature for predicting prognosis, immunotherapy response, and drug sensitivity in gliomas."
4663,brain tumour,38948927,Exploring approaches to tackle cross-domain challenges in brain medical image segmentation: a systematic review.,"Brain medical image segmentation is a critical task in medical image processing, playing a significant role in the prediction and diagnosis of diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and brain tumors. However, substantial distribution discrepancies among datasets from different sources arise due to the large inter-site discrepancy among different scanners, imaging protocols, and populations. This leads to cross-domain problems in practical applications. In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted to address the cross-domain problem in brain image segmentation."
4664,brain tumour,38948503,Deciphering Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity Against Medulloblastoma in vitro and in vivo: Implications for Immunotherapy.,"Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most prevalent paediatric brain tumour. Despite improvements in patient survival with current treatment strategies, the quality of life of these patients remains poor owing to the sequelae and relapse risk. An alternative, or, in addition to the current standard treatment, could be considered immunotherapy, such as Natural Killer cells (NK). NK cells are cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells that play a major role in cancer immunosurveillance. To date, the mechanism of cytotoxicity of NK cells, especially regarding the steps of adhesion, conjugation, cytotoxic granule polarisation in the cell contact area, perforin and granzyme release in two and three dimensions, and therapeutic efficacy in vivo have not been precisely described."
4665,brain tumour,38948463,Jingqianshu granules mitigates premenstrual depression by regulating orexin signaling.,
4666,brain tumour,38948303,A Nomogram Based on Clinicopathological Characteristics for Estimating the Risk of Brain Metastasis from Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Multi-Center Retrospective Clinical Study.,"Although brain metastasis (BM) from gastric cancer (GC) is relatively uncommon, its incidence has been increasing owing to advancements in treatment modalities. Unfortunately, patients diagnosed with BM from gastric cancer have poor life expectancy. Our study aims to establish a predictive model for brain metastasis in advanced gastric cancer patients, thus enabling the timely diagnosis of brain metastasis."
4667,brain tumour,38948272,[Calcium Dibutyryl Adenosine Cyclophosphate Enhances the Effect of Metoprolol in Treating Older Adults With Heart Failure Combined With Arrhythmia].,To explore the effect and safety of calcium dibutyryl adenosine cyclophosphate (dbcAMP-Ca) combined with metoprolol in the treatment of older adults with heart failure combined with arrhythmia.
4668,brain tumour,38948079,"STAT3 drives the malignant progression of low-grade gliomas through modulating the expression of STAT1, FOXO1, and MYC.","Low-grade glioma (LGG) is a prevalent and lethal primary brain malignancy, with most patients succumbing to recurrence and progression. The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family has long been implicated in tumor initiation and progression. However, a comprehensive evaluation of the expression status and overall function of STAT genes in LGG remains largely unreported. In this study, we investigated the association between the expression of STAT family genes and the progression of LGG. Through a comprehensive analysis that combined bioinformatics screening and validation assays, we determined that STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5A were upregulated and contributed to the malignant progression of LGG. Notably, our findings suggest that STAT3 is a critical prognostic marker that regulates the progression of LGG. STAT3 emerged as the most significant prognostic indicator governing the advancement of LGG. Additionally, our inquiry into the STAT3-binding proteins and differentially expressed-correlated genes (DEGs) revealed that STAT3 played a pivotal role in the progression of LGG by stimulating the expression of STAT1, FOXO1, and MYC. In summary, our recent study conducted a thorough analysis of the STAT family genes and revealed that directing therapeutic interventions towards STAT3 holds potential as a viable strategy for treating patients with LGG."
4669,brain tumour,38948040,Identification of TNFAIP6 as a reliable prognostic indicator of low-grade glioma.,"Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor in the brain, characterizing by high disability rate and high recurrence rate. Although low-grade glioma (LGG) has a relative benign biological behavior, the prognosis of LGG patients still varies greatly. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are considered as the chief offenders of glioma cell proliferation, invasion and resistance to therapies. Our study screened a series of glioma stem cell-related genes (GSCRG) based on mDNAsi and WCGNA, and finally established a reliable single-gene prognostic model through 101 combinations of 10 machine learning methods. Our result suggested that the expression level of TNFAIP6 is negatively correlated with the prognosis of LGG patients, which may be the result of pro-cancer signaling pathways activation and immunosuppression. In general, this study revealed that TNFAIP6 is a robust and valuable prognostic factor in LGG, and may be a new target for LGG treatment."
4670,brain tumour,38948026,IKIP downregulates THBS1/FAK signaling to suppress migration and invasion by glioblastoma cells.,"Inhibitor of NF-κB kinase-interacting protein (IKIP) is known to promote proliferation of glioblastoma (GBM) cells, but how it affects migration and invasion by those cells is unclear."
4671,brain tumour,38947985,Intradural cystic schwannomas of the spine: A case-based systematic review of an unusual tumor.,"Cystic schwannomas have only been reported in a few case reports/series. As a result, they may be misdiagnosed and a standardized management approach remains challenging to establish."
4672,brain tumour,38947685,Prevalence of Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Vascular Loop in Cerebellopontine Angle With Three-Dimensional Constructive Interference in Steady State (CISS) Sequence MRI.,"Background The cerebellopontine angle (CPA) cistern houses vital neurovascular structures such as cranial nerves V, VII, and VIII and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), often leading to neurovascular compression syndromes due to its complex anatomy. Although vascular compression is a recognized cause of certain neuralgias, its association with otologic symptoms such as tinnitus, hearing loss, and dizziness remains uncertain. Hence, this study aims to determine the prevalence of the AICA vascular loop in the CPA cistern on MRI in patients with asymptomatic audiovestibular symptoms. Methodology Adult patients who underwent MRI, including the posterior fossa's high-resolution volumetric T2 sequence (three-dimensional constructive interference in steady state (3D-CISS)), were assessed. Patients with a history of audiovestibular symptoms (tinnitus/dizziness/vertigo/sensorineural hearing loss), intracranial tumor, vascular lesions, intracranial surgery, brain radiation therapy, traumatic brain injury, poor image quality, and MRI scans without 3D-CISS sequences were excluded. Two radiologists independently reviewed 114 (228 sides) MRI studies for the vascular loop of AICA in the CPA cistern and the extension of the AICA loop into the ipsilateral internal acoustic meatus which was graded by Chavda's classification. Results The prevalence of vascular loop of AICA in the CPA cistern was as high as 47.6% in asymptomatic patients. Grade I Chavda vascular loop was the most common type followed by type II, with type III being the least common type. Conclusions Knowledge regarding the high prevalence of the AICA loop in the asymptomatic population and the lack of significant correlation between the presence of the AICA loop and otovestibular symptoms should be considered in preoperative planning for decompression procedures."
4673,brain tumour,38947666,A Rare Case of Thoracic SMARCA4-Deficient Undifferentiated Tumor With Diffuse Brain Metastasis.,"Thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor (SMARCA4-UT) is a recently described rare and aggressive malignancy characterized by undifferentiated cell morphology and the loss of the Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1) protein. Its pathogenesis involves mutational loss of SMARCA4 gene expression, which encodes the BRG1 protein that serves as one of the catalytic subunits of the SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex. This malignancy of the thorax predominantly affects middle-aged male smokers and commonly metastasizes to lymph nodes, bones, adrenal glands, liver, gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, and kidney. Cases of brain metastasis have been reported but are less common. We report a case of this tumor initially presenting with diffuse brain metastasis in a 55-year-old male with a significant smoking history. We reviewed the current literature on the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges posed by this highly aggressive thoracic tumor."
4674,brain tumour,38947643,Pancreatic Insulinoma Masquerading as Neurological Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment of a Rare Tumor.,"Insulinomas are rare functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors that typically manifest with classic hypoglycemic symptoms, such as diaphoresis, palpitations, and tremors. Although infrequent, neuroglycopenic symptoms associated with insulinomas have been reported, often leading to delayed diagnoses. Here, we present the case of a 31-year-old male with pancreatic insulinoma who experienced recurrent episodes of seizures and confusion preceded by diaphoresis, tremors, and palpitations. During these episodes, he was found to be hypoglycemic. Comprehensive evaluations, including brain and abdominal imaging, as well as biochemical and serological testing, were conducted. The findings confirmed a diagnosis of pancreatic insulinoma. The patient underwent surgical resection of the tumor, and a biopsy confirmed the insulinoma diagnosis. He remained asymptomatic during subsequent follow-ups."
4675,brain tumour,38947620,Papillary Tumor of the Pineal Gland: Series of Four Clinical Cases.,"The papillary tumor of the pineal region (PTPR) is a rare neuroepithelial tumor originating from specialized ependymocytes. It primarily affects structures within the pineal region, including the pineal gland, epithalamus, quadrigeminal cistern, and posterior wall of the third ventricle. Here, we present a series of four cases characterized by symptoms associated with obstructive hydrocephalus such as headaches, seizures, visual disturbances, gait disturbances, and Parinaud syndrome. Imaging studies revealed lesions in the pineal region, prompting surgical intervention. Histopathological examination, including biopsy and intraoperative analysis, confirmed the diagnosis of PTPR. Despite advancements, the etiology and pathogenesis of PTPR remain incompletely understood, warranting further research to refine management strategies."
4676,brain tumour,38947611,Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis From Medulloblastoma in a Young Adult: Case Report and Literature Review.,"Medulloblastoma, an embryonal tumor located in the posterior fossa of the brain, originates from the neuro-epidermal layer of the cerebellum. It is the most prevalent malignant tumor in children, while it is rare in adults and predominantly affects males. Multimodal therapeutic interventions, such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have substantially enhanced the prognosis of this condition. Extraneural metastases are infrequent. We present a case of medulloblastoma relapse with nodal metastasis in a 28-year-old adult."
4677,brain tumour,38947514,Decoding heterogeneous and coordinated tissue architecture in glioblastoma using spatial transcriptomics.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most lethal brain tumors, characterized by profound heterogeneity. While single-cell transcriptomic studies have revealed extensive intra-tumor heterogeneity, shed light on intra-tumor diversity, spatial intricacies remain largely unexplored. Leveraging clinical GBM specimens, this study employs spatial transcriptomics technology to delve into gene expression heterogeneity. Our investigation unveils a significant enrichment of tissue stem cell signature in regions bordering necrosis and the peritumoral area, positively correlated with the mesenchymal subtype signature. Moreover, upregulated genes in these regions are linked with extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, proteoglycans, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-Tie (ANGPT) signaling pathways. In contrast, signatures related to glycogen metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation show no relevance to pathological zoning, whereas creatine metabolism signature is notably exclusive to vascular-enriched areas. These spatial profiles not only offer valuable references but also pave the way for future in-depth functional and mechanistic investigations into GBM progression."
4678,brain tumour,38947486,Dimethyl fumarate ameliorates oxidative stress-induced acute kidney injury after traumatic brain injury by activating Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.,"Acute kidney injury (AKI) frequently emerges as a consequential non-neurological sequel to traumatic brain injury (TBI), significantly contributing to heightened mortality risks. The intricate interplay of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of TBI underscores the centrality of the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway as a pivotal regulator in this context. This study endeavors to elucidate the involvement of the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in modulating oxidative stress in AKI subsequent to TBI and concurrently explore the therapeutic efficacy of dimethyl fumarate (DMF). A rat model of TBI was established via the Feeney free-fall method, incorporating interventions with varying concentrations of DMF. Assessment of renal function ensued through measurements of serum creatinine and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. Morphological evaluation of renal pathology was conducted employing quantitative hematoxylin and eosin staining. The inflammatory response was scrutinized by quantifying interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels. Oxidative stress levels were discerned through quantification of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase. The apoptotic cascade was examined via the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP deletion labeling assay. Western blotting provided insights into the expression dynamics of proteins affiliated with the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and apoptosis. The findings revealed severe kidney injury, heightened oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the traumatic brain injury model. Treatment with DMF effectively reversed these changes, alleviating oxidative stress by activating the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, ultimately conferring protection against AKI. Activating Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic strategy for attenuating oxidative stress-induced AKI after TBI."
4679,brain tumour,38947386,Enhanced Multimodal Brain Tumor Classification in MR Images using 2D ResNet as backbone with Explicit Tumor Size Information.,"It's a major public health problem of global concern that malignant gliomas tend to grow rapidly and infiltrate surrounding tissues. Accurate grading of the tumor can determine the degree of malignancy to formulate the best treatment plan, which can eliminate the tumor or limit widespread metastasis of the tumor, saving the patient's life and improving their prognosis. To more accurately predict the grading of gliomas, we proposed a novel method of combining the advantages of 2D and 3D Convolutional Neural Networks for tumor grading by multimodality on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The core of the innovation lies in our combination of tumor 3D information extracted from multimodal data with those obtained from a 2D ResNet50 architecture. It solves both the lack of temporal-spatial information provided by 3D imaging in 2D convolutional neural networks and avoids more noise from too much information in 3D convolutional neural networks, which causes serious overfitting problems. Incorporating explicit tumor 3D information, such as tumor volume and surface area, enhances the grading model's performance and addresses the limitations of both approaches. By fusing information from multiple modalities, the model achieves a more precise and accurate characterization of tumors. The model I s trained and evaluated using two publicly available brain glioma datasets, achieving an AUC of 0.9684 on the validation set. The model's interpretability is enhanced through heatmaps, which highlight the tumor region. The proposed method holds promise for clinical application in tumor grading and contributes to the field of medical diagnostics for prediction."
4680,brain tumour,38947383,Unlocking the Potential of Ultra-High Dose Fractionated Radiation for Effective Treatment of Glioblastoma in Mice.,
4681,brain tumour,38947316,Paraneoplastic neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder associated with ovarian dysgerminoma: a case report and literature review.,"Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by attacks of acute optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. We report a case with paraneoplastic NMOSD that improved after immunosuppressive therapy, surgical resection, and chemotherapy. A 48-year-old woman initially presented with gradual binocular visual loss over the course of one week. The patient was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), visual evoked potential (VEP), pathological biopsy, immunohistochemistry, and autoimmune antibody testing. The brain MRI findings were normal. The VEP revealed prolonged P100 latencies in the right eye and an absence of significant waves in the left eye. Positive serum AQP4-IgG antibodies were found. The patient was diagnosed as NMOSD. Then the patient responded well to treatment with methylprednisolone. An ovarian tumor was found in the patient using abdominal MRI and CT. The tumor was surgically resected, and a pathological biopsy revealed that it was ovarian dysgerminoma. The patient received four rounds of chemotherapy after surgery. One month after the final chemotherapy treatment, a positron emission tomography (PET) scan revealed no tumor. The vision of the patient gradually recovered and serum AQP4 was negative. Furthermore, we summarized the characteristics of patients diagnosed with paraneoplastic NMOSD associated with ovarian neoplasms in previous studies. This is a characteristic case of overlapping NMOSD and ovarian dysgerminoma, demonstrating the importance of tumor therapy in cases of paraneoplastic NMOSD."
4682,brain tumour,38947100,Probabilistic Nested Model Selection in Pharmacokinetic Analysis of DCE-MRI Data in Animal Model of Cerebral Tumor.,"Best current practice in the analysis of dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI is to employ a voxel-by-voxel model selection from a hierarchy of nested models. This nested model selection (NMS) assumes that the observed time-trace of contrast-agent (CA) concentration within a voxel, corresponds to a singular physiologically nested model. However, admixtures of different models may exist within a voxel's CA time-trace. This study introduces an unsupervised feature engineering technique (Kohonen-Self-Organizing-Map (K-SOM)) to estimate the voxel-wise probability of each nested model."
4683,brain tumour,38947051,Elevated meningioma risk among individuals who are Non-Hispanic Black is strongest for grade 2-3 tumors and synergistically modified by male sex.,"Meningioma risk factors include older age, female sex, and African-American race. There are limited data exploring how meningioma risk in African-Americans varies across the lifespan, interacts with sex, and differs by tumor grade."
4684,brain tumour,38947002,The CCL2-CCR4 Axis Promotes Regulatory T Cell Trafficking to Canine Glioma Tissues.,"Spontaneously occurring glioma in pet dogs is increasingly recognized as a valuable translational model for human glioblastoma. Canine high grade glioma and human glioblastomas share many molecular similarities, including accumulation of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) that inhibit anti-tumor immune responses. Identifying in dog mechanisms responsible for Treg recruitment may afford targeting the cellular population driving immunosuppression, the results providing a rationale for translational clinical studies in human patients. Our group has previously identified C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) as a glioma-derived T-reg chemoattractant acting on chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) in a murine orthotopic model of glioma. Recently, we demonstrated a robust increase of CCL2 in the brain tissue of canine patients bearing high-grade glioma."
4685,brain tumour,38946910,Protective effects of ,This study aimed to explore the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of 
4686,brain tumour,38946880,In vivo modeling recapitulates radiotherapy delivery and late-effect profile for childhood medulloblastoma.,"Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, with 5-year survival rates > 70%. Cranial radiotherapy (CRT) to the whole brain, with posterior fossa boost (PFB), underpins treatment for non-infants; however, radiotherapeutic insult to the normal brain has deleterious consequences to neurocognitive and physical functioning, and causes accelerated aging/frailty. Approaches to ameliorate radiotherapy-induced late-effects are lacking and a paucity of appropriate model systems hinders their development."
4687,brain tumour,38946879,"Advanced diffusion imaging reveals microstructural characteristics of primary CNS lymphoma, allowing differentiation from glioblastoma.","Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) and glioblastoma (GBM) both represent frequent intracranial malignancies with differing clinical management. However, distinguishing PCNSL from GBM with conventional MRI can be challenging when atypical imaging features are present. We employed advanced dMRI for noninvasive characterization of the microstructure of PCNSL and differentiation from GBM as the most frequent primary brain malignancy."
4688,brain tumour,38946776,"The prognostic effect of mechanical, ultrastructural, and ECM signatures in glioblastoma core and rim.","Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly invasive, aggressive brain cancer that carries a median survival of 15 months and is resistant to standard therapeutics. Recent studies have demonstrated that intratumoral heterogeneity plays a critical role in promoting resistance by mediating tumor adaptation through microenvironmental cues. GBM can be separated into two distinct regions-a core and a rim, which are thought to drive specific aspects of tumor evolution. These differences in tumor progression are regulated by the diverse biomolecular and biophysical signals in these regions, but the acellular biophysical characteristics remain poorly described. This study investigates the mechanical and ultrastructural characteristics of the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) in patient-matched GBM core and rim tissues. Seven patient-matched tumor core and rim samples and one non-neoplastic control were analyzed using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence imaging to quantify mechanical, ultrastructural, and ECM composition changes. The results reveal significant differences in biophysical parameters between GBM core, rim, and non-neoplastic tissues. The GBM core is stiffer, denser, and is rich in ECM proteins hyaluronic acid and tenascin-C when compared to tumor rim and non-neoplastic tissues. These alterations are intimately related and have prognostic effect with stiff, dense tissue correlating with longer progression-free survival. These findings reveal new insights into the spatial heterogeneity of biophysical parameters in the GBM tumor microenvironment and identify a set of characteristics that may correlate with patient prognosis. In the long term, these characteristics may aid in the development of strategies to combat therapeutic resistance."
4689,brain tumour,38946657,Recent breakthroughs in graphene quantum dot-enhanced sonodynamic and photodynamic therapy.,"Water-soluble graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have recently exhibited considerable potential for diverse biomedical applications owing to their exceptional optical and chemical properties. However, the pronounced heterogeneity in the composition, size, and morphology of GQDs poses challenges for a comprehensive understanding of the intricate correlation between their structural attributes and functional properties. This variability also introduces complexities in scaling the production processes and addressing safety considerations. Light and sound have firmly established their role in clinical applications as pivotal energy sources for minimally invasive therapeutic interventions. Given the limited penetration depth of light, photodynamic therapy (PDT) predominantly targets superficial conditions such as dermatological disorders, head and neck malignancies, ocular ailments, and early-stage esophageal cancer. Conversely, ultrasound-based sonodynamic therapy (SDT) capitalizes on its superior ability to propagate and focus ultrasound within biological tissues, enabling a diverse range of therapeutic applications, including the management of gliomas, breast cancer, hematological tumors, and modulation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Considering the advancements in theranostic and precision therapies, reevaluating these conventional energy sources and their associated sensitizers is imperative. This review introduces three prevalent treatment modalities that harness light and sound stimuli: PDT, SDT, and a synergistic approach that integrates PDT and SDT. This study delineated the therapeutic dynamics and contemporary designs of sensitizers tailored to these modalities. By exploring the historical context of the field and elucidating the latest design strategies, this review underscores the pivotal role of GQDs in propelling the evolution of PDT and SDT. This aspires to stimulate researchers to develop ""multimodal"" therapies integrating both light and sound stimuli."
4690,brain tumour,38946549,"Infiltration of Common Myeloid Progenitor (CMP) Cells is Associated With Less Aggressive Tumor Biology, Lower Risk of Brain Metastasis, Better Response to Immunotherapy, and Higher Patient Survival in Breast Cancer.",To investigate the clinical relevance of common myeloid progenitor (CMP) cells in breast tumor microenvironment (TME).
4691,brain tumour,38946469,Encorafenib and binimetinib followed by radiotherapy for patients with BRAFV600-mutant melanoma and brain metastases (E-BRAIN/GEM1802 phase II study).,Encorafenib plus binimetinib (EB) is a standard-of-care treatment for advanced BRAFV600-mutant melanoma. We assessed the efficacy and safety of encorafenib plus binimetinib in patients with BRAFV600-mutant melanoma and brain metastasis (BM) and explored if radiotherapy improves the duration of response.
4692,brain tumour,38946324,Pan-RAF:MEK Molecular Glues Take Center Stage.,"In this issue, Ryan and colleagues describe the preclinical development of a pan-RAF:MEK molecular glue with superior efficacy, brain penetrance, and tolerability in xenograft models of Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway-driven tumors. See related article by Ryan et al., p. 1190 (1)."
4693,brain tumour,38946319,Maternal Substance Use and Childhood Cancer-Reply.,No abstract found
4694,brain tumour,38946234,Deuterium MRI of serine metabolism in mouse models of glioblastoma.,"Serine is a major source of one-carbon units needed for the synthesis of nucleotides and the production of intramitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and it plays an important role in cancer cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to develop a deuterium ("
4695,brain tumour,38946166,Relationships between cognitive flexibility performance and adaptive behavior outcomes in survivors of pediatric brain tumor.,
4696,brain tumour,38946128,Intracerebellar administration of the chemokine Cxcl3 reduces the volume of medulloblastoma lesions at an advanced stage by promoting the migration and differentiation of preneoplastic precursor cells.,"The prognosis for many pediatric brain tumors, including cerebellar medulloblastoma (MB), remains dismal but there is promise in new therapies. We have previously generated a mouse model developing spontaneous MB at high frequency, Ptch1"
4697,brain tumour,38946089,Long-term outcomes in patients with Cushing's disease vs nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma after pituitary surgery: an active-comparator cohort study.,There is increasing evidence that multisystem morbidity in patients with Cushing's disease (CD) is only partially reversible following treatment. We investigated complications from multiple organs in hospitalized patients with CD compared to patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) after pituitary surgery.
4698,brain tumour,38945979,"7 T and beyond: toward a synergy between fMRI-based presurgical mapping at ultrahigh magnetic fields, AI, and robotic neurosurgery.","Presurgical evaluation with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can reduce postsurgical morbidity. Here, we discuss presurgical fMRI mapping at ultra-high magnetic fields (UHF), i.e., ≥ 7 T, in the light of the current growing interest in artificial intelligence (AI) and robot-assisted neurosurgery. The potential of submillimetre fMRI mapping can help better appreciate uncertainty on resection margins, though geometric distortions at UHF might lessen the accuracy of fMRI maps. A useful trade-off for UHF fMRI is to collect data with 1-mm isotropic resolution to ensure high sensitivity and subsequently a low risk of false negatives. Scanning at UHF might yield a revival interest in slow event-related fMRI, thereby offering a richer depiction of the dynamics of fMRI responses. The potential applications of AI concern denoising and artefact removal, generation of super-resolution fMRI maps, and accurate fusion or coregistration between anatomical and fMRI maps. The latter can benefit from the use of T1-weighted echo-planar imaging for better visualization of brain activations. Such AI-augmented fMRI maps would provide high-quality input data to robotic surgery systems, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of robot-assisted neurosurgery. Ultimately, the advancement in fMRI at UHF would promote clinically useful synergies between fMRI, AI, and robotic neurosurgery.Relevance statement This review highlights the potential synergies between fMRI at UHF, AI, and robotic neurosurgery in improving the accuracy and reliability of fMRI-based presurgical mapping.Key points• Presurgical fMRI mapping at UHF improves spatial resolution and sensitivity.• Slow event-related designs offer a richer depiction of fMRI responses dynamics.• AI can support denoising, artefact removal, and generation of super-resolution fMRI maps.• AI-augmented fMRI maps can provide high-quality input data to robotic surgery systems."
4699,brain tumour,38945960,PHGDH: a novel therapeutic target in cancer.,"Serine is a key contributor to the generation of one-carbon units for DNA synthesis during cellular proliferation. In addition, it plays a crucial role in the production of antioxidants that prevent abnormal proliferation and stress in cancer cells. In recent studies, the relationship between cancer metabolism and the serine biosynthesis pathway has been highlighted. In this context, 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is notable as a key enzyme that functions as the primary rate-limiting enzyme in the serine biosynthesis pathway, facilitating the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate. Elevated PHGDH activity in diverse cancer cells is mediated through genetic amplification, posttranslational modification, increased transcription, and allosteric regulation. Ultimately, these characteristics allow PHGDH to not only influence the growth and progression of cancer but also play an important role in metastasis and drug resistance. Consequently, PHGDH has emerged as a crucial focal point in cancer research. In this review, the structural aspects of PHGDH and its involvement in one-carbon metabolism are investigated, and PHGDH is proposed as a potential therapeutic target in diverse cancers. By elucidating how PHGDH expression promotes cancer growth, the goal of this review is to provide insight into innovative treatment strategies. This paper aims to reveal how PHGDH inhibitors can overcome resistance mechanisms, contributing to the development of effective cancer treatments."
4700,brain tumour,38945806,Subsequent maternal sleep deprivation aggravates cognitive impairment by modulating hippocampal neuroinflammatory responses and synaptic function in maternal isoflurane-exposed offspring mice.,"Pregnant women may need to undergo non-obstetric surgery under general anesthesia owing to medical needs, and pregnant women frequently experience sleep disturbances during late gestation. Preclinical studies demonstrated that maternal isoflurane exposure (MISO) or maternal sleep deprivation (MSD) contributed to cognitive impairments in offspring. Research studies in mice have revealed that SD can aggravate isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits. However, it remains unclear whether MSD aggravates MISO-induced cognitive deficits in offspring. The purpose of this research was to explore the combined effects of MSD and MISO on offspring cognitive function and the role of neuroinflammation and synaptic function in the process of MSD + MISO."
4701,brain tumour,38945405,Exosome-associated mitochondrial DNA in late-life depression: Implications for cognitive decline in older adults.,"Disrupted cellular communication, inflammatory responses and mitochondrial dysfunction are consistently observed in late-life depression (LLD). Exosomes (EXs) mediate cellular communication by transporting molecules, including mitochondrial DNA (EX-mtDNA), playing critical role in immunoregulation alongside tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Changes in EX-mtDNA are indicators of impaired mitochondrial function and might increase vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. Our study examined EX-mtDNA levels and integrity, exploring their associations with levels of TNF receptors I and II (TNFRI and TNFRII), and clinical outcomes in LLD."
4702,brain tumour,38945276,Enhydrin suppresses the malignant phenotype of GBM via Jun/Smad7/TGF-β1 signaling pathway.,"GBM is the most threatening form of brain tumor. The advancement of GBM is propelled by the growth, infiltration, and movement of cancer cells. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and identifying new therapeutic agents are crucial for effective GBM treatment. Our research focused on examining the withhold influence of Enhydrin on the destructive activity of GBM cells, both in laboratory settings and within living organisms. By employing network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis, we have determined that Jun serves as the gene of interest, and EMT as the critical signaling pathway. Mechanistically, Enhydrin inhibits the activity of the target gene Jun to increase the expression of Smad7, which is infinitively regulated by the transcription factor Jun, and as the inhibitory transcription factor, Smad7 can down-regulate TGF-β1 and the subsequent Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Consequently, this whole process greatly hinders the EMT mechanism of GBM, leading to the notable decline in cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. In summary, our research shows that Enhydrin hinders EMT by focusing on the Jun/Smad7/TGF-β1 signaling pathway, presenting a promising target for treating GBM. Moreover, Enhydrin demonstrates encouraging prospects as a new medication for GBM treatment."
4703,brain tumour,38945206,"Prognostic Nomograms for Elderly Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer Brain Metastasis: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Population-Based Study with Temporal External Validation.","This study aimed to pinpoint independent predictors influencing overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in elderly patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) brain metastasis (BM), and to create and validate nomograms for OS and CSS prediction."
4704,brain tumour,38944632,Clinically Available and Reproducible Prediction Models for IDH and CDKN2A/B Gene Status in Adult-type Diffuse Gliomas.,Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKN) 2A/B status holds important prognostic value in diffuse gliomas. We aimed to construct prediction models using clinically available and reproducible characteristics for predicting IDH-mutant and CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion in adult-type diffuse glioma patients.
4705,brain tumour,38944395,A novel L-shaped ortho-quinone analog suppresses glioblastoma progression by targeting acceleration of AR degradation and regulating PI3K/AKT pathway.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary intracranial malignant tumor with the highest mortality and morbidity among all malignant central nervous system tumors. Tanshinone IIA is a fat-soluble active ingredient obtained from Salvia miltiorrhiza, which has an inhibitory effect against various cancers. We designed and synthesized a novel L-shaped ortho-quinone analog TE5 with tanshinone IIA as the lead compound and tested its antitumor activity against GBM. The results indicated that TE5 effectively inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM cells, and demonstrated low toxicity in vitro. We found that TE5 may bind to androgen receptors and promote their degradation through the proteasome. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was also observed in TE5 treated GBM cells. Additionally, TE5 arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. In vivo experiments further confirmed the anti-tumor activity, safety, and effect on androgen receptor level of TE5 in animal models of GBM. Our results suggest that TE5 may be a potential therapeutic drug to treat GBM."
4706,brain tumour,38944146,Unlocking novel therapeutic avenues in glioblastoma: Harnessing 4-amino cyanine and miRNA synergy for next-gen treatment convergence.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) poses a formidable challenge in oncology due to its aggressive nature and dismal prognosis, with average survival rates around 15 months despite conventional treatments. This review proposes a novel therapeutic strategy for GBM by integrating microRNA (miRNA) therapy with 4-amino cyanine molecules possessing near-infrared (NIR) properties. miRNA holds promise in regulating gene expression, particularly in GBM, making it an attractive therapeutic target. 4-amino cyanine molecules, especially those with NIR properties, have shown efficacy in targeted tumor cell degradation. The combined approach addresses gene expression regulation and precise tumor cell degradation, offering a breakthrough in GBM treatment. Additionally, the review explores noncoding RNAs classification and characteristics, highlighting their role in GBM pathogenesis. Advanced technologies such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), locked nucleic acids (LNAs), and peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) show potential in targeting noncoding RNAs therapeutically, paving the way for precision medicine in GBM. This synergistic combination presents an innovative approach with the potential to advance cancer therapy in the challenging landscape of GBM."
4707,brain tumour,38944050,"Risks of adverse obstetric outcomes among female survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer in England (TYACSS): a population-based, retrospective cohort study.",There are limited data on the risks of obstetric complications among survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer with most previous studies only reporting risks for all types of cancers combined. The aim of this study was to quantify deficits in birth rates and risks of obstetric complications for female survivors of 17 specific types of adolescent and young adult cancer.
4708,brain tumour,38943977,Microglial repopulation induced by PLX3397 protects against ischemic brain injury by suppressing neuroinflammation in aged mice.,"As the resident immune cells in the central nervous system, microglia exhibit a 'sensitized' or 'primed' phenotype with dystrophic morphology and dysregulated functions in aged brains. Although studies have demonstrated the inflammatory profile of aged microglia in several neurological diseases, this issue is largely uncertain in stroke. Consequently, this study investigated the effects of primed and repopulated microglia on post-ischemic brain injury in aged mice. We replaced primed microglia with newly repopulated microglia through pharmacological administration and withdrawal of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor, PLX3397. Further, we performed a series of behavioral tests and flow cytometry in mouse models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to study the effects of microglial replacement on ischemic injury in the aged brain. With depletion and subsequent repopulation of microglia in MCAO mice, microglial replacement in aged mice improved neurological function and decreased brain infarction. This protective effect was accompanied by the reduction of peripheral immune cells infiltrating into brains. We showed that the repopulated microglia expressed elevated neuroprotective factors (including Cluster of Differentiation 206, transforming growth factor-β, and interleukin-10) and diminished expression of inflammatory markers (including Cluster of Differentiation 86, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α). Moreover, microglial replacement protected the blood-brain barrier and relieved neuronal death in aged mice subjected to 60 min of MCAO. These results imply that the replacement of microglia in the aged brain may alleviate brain damage and neuroinflammation, and therefore, ischemic brain damage. Thus, targeting microglia could be a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke."
4709,brain tumour,38943617,Ex-Vivo ,"Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has well-established roles in neuroinflammatory disorders, but the effect of TNF on the biochemistry of brain cells remains poorly understood. Here, we microinjected TNF into the brain to study its impact on glial and neuronal metabolism (glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, citric acid cycle, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate carboxylase pathways) using "
4710,brain tumour,38943513,The IDH paradox: Meta-analysis of alkylating chemotherapy in IDH-wild type and -mutant lower grade gliomas.,"IDH-wild type (-wt) status is a prerequisite for the diagnosis of glioblastoma (GBM); however, IDH-wt gliomas with low-grade or anaplastic morphology have historically been excluded from GBM trials and may represent a distinct prognostic entity. While alkylating agent chemotherapy improves overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for IDH-wt GBM and also IDH-mutant gliomas, irrespective of grade, the benefit for IDH-wt diffuse histologic lower-grade gliomas is unclear."
4711,brain tumour,38943501,"""Glia-like"" cells of fibroblast morphology are present in cultures from injured human brain tissue.",Astrocytes undergo morphological and molecular changes in response to numerous pathological conditions.
4712,brain tumour,38943486,"Maintenance of Lognormal-Like Skewed Dendritic Spine Size Distributions in Dentate Granule Cells of TNF, TNF-R1, TNF-R2, and TNF-R1/2-Deficient Mice.","Dendritic spines are sites of synaptic plasticity and their head size correlates with the strength of the corresponding synapse. We recently showed that the distribution of spine head sizes follows a lognormal-like distribution even after blockage of activity or plasticity induction. As the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) influences synaptic transmission and constitutive TNF and receptor (TNF-R)-deficiencies cause changes in spine head size distributions, we tested whether these genetic alterations disrupt the lognormality of spine head sizes. Furthermore, we distinguished between spines containing the actin-modulating protein synaptopodin (SP-positive), which is present in large, strong and stable spines and those lacking it (SP-negative). Our analysis revealed that neither TNF-deficiency nor the absence of TNF-R1, TNF-R2 or TNF-R 1 and 2 (TNF-R1/R2) degrades the general lognormal-like, skewed distribution of spine head sizes (all spines, SP-positive spines, SP-negative spines). However, TNF, TNF-R1 and TNF-R2-deficiency affected the width of the lognormal distribution, and TNF-R1/2-deficiency shifted the distribution to the left. Our findings demonstrate the robustness of the lognormal-like, skewed distribution, which is maintained even in the face of genetic manipulations that alter the distribution of spine head sizes. Our observations are in line with homeostatic adaptation mechanisms of neurons regulating the distribution of spines and their head sizes."
4713,brain tumour,38943472,Single-cell RNA sequencing elucidated the landscape of breast cancer brain metastases and identified ILF2 as a potential therapeutic target.,"Distant metastasis remains the primary cause of morbidity in patients with breast cancer. Hence, the development of more efficacious strategies and the exploration of potential targets for patients with metastatic breast cancer are urgently needed. The data of six patients with breast cancer brain metastases (BCBrM) from two centres were collected, and a comprehensive landscape of the entire tumour ecosystem was generated through the utilisation of single-cell RNA sequencing. We utilised the Monocle2 and CellChat algorithms to investigate the interrelationships among each subcluster. In addition, multiple signatures were collected to evaluate key components of the subclusters through multi-omics methodologies. Finally, we elucidated common expression programs of malignant cells, and experiments were conducted in vitro and in vivo to determine the functions of interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2 (ILF2), which is a key gene in the metastasis module, in BCBrM progression. We found that subclusters in each major cell type exhibited diverse characteristics. Besides, our study indicated that ILF2 was specifically associated with BCBrM, and experimental validations further demonstrated that ILF2 deficiency hindered BCBrM progression. Our study offers novel perspectives on the heterogeneity of BCBrM and suggests that ILF2 could serve as a promising biomarker or therapeutic target for BCBrM."
4714,brain tumour,38943265,Genetic Engineering Bacillus thuringiensis Enable Melanin Biosynthesis for Anti-Tumor and Anti-Inflammation.,"Collaboration between cancer treatment and inflammation management has emerged as an integral facet of comprehensive cancer care. Nevertheless, the development of interventions concurrently targeting both inflammation and cancer has encountered significant challenges stemming from various external factors. Herein, a bioactive agent synthesized by genetically engineering melanin-producing Bacillus thuringiensis (B. thuringiensis) bacteria, simultaneously achieves eco-friendly photothermal agent and efficient reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) scavenger benefits, perfectly tackling present toughies from inflammation to cancer therapies. The biologically derived melanin exhibits exceptional photothermal-conversion performance, facilitating potent photonic hyperthermia that effectively eradicates tumor cells and tissues, thereby impeding tumor growth. Additionally, the RONS-scavenging properties of melanin produced by B. thuringiensis bacteria contribute to inflammation reduction, augmenting the efficacy of photothermal tumor repression. This study presents a representative paradigm of genetic engineering in B. thuringiensis bacteria to produce functional agents tailored for diverse biomedical applications, encompassing inflammation and cancer therapy."
4715,brain tumour,38943253,Brain-Targeted Cas12a Ribonucleoprotein Nanocapsules Enable Synergetic Gene Co-Editing Leading to Potent Inhibition of Orthotopic Glioblastoma.,"Gene-editing technology shows great potential in glioblastoma (GBM) therapy. Due to the complexity of GBM pathogenesis, a single gene-editing-based therapy is unlikely to be successful; therefore, a multi-gene knockout strategy is preferred for effective GBM inhibition. Here, a non-invasive, biodegradable brain-targeted CRISPR/Cas12a nanocapsule is used that simultaneously targeted dual oncogenes, EGFR and PLK1, for effective GBM therapy. This cargo nanoencapsulation technology enables the CRISPR/Cas12a system to achieve extended blood half-life, efficient blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, active tumor targeting, and selective release. In U87MG cells, the combinatorial gene editing system resulted in 61% and 33% knockout of EGFR and PLK1, respectively. Following systemic administration, the CRISPR/Cas12a system demonstrated promising brain tumor accumulation that led to extensive EGFR and PLK1 gene editing in both U87MG and patient-derived GSC xenograft mouse models with negligible off-target gene editing detected through NGS. Additionally, CRISPR/Cas12a nanocapsules that concurrently targeted the EGFR and PLK1 oncogenes showed superior tumor growth suppression and significantly improved the median survival time relative to nanocapsules containing single oncogene knockouts, signifying the potency of the multi-oncogene targeting strategy. The findings indicate that utilization of the CRISPR/Cas12a combinatorial gene editing technique presents a practical option for gene therapy in GBM."
4716,brain tumour,38943227,Pharmacological treatment of depression in patients with brain tumors.,"Patients with brain tumors suffer from intense psychosocial distress. Although the prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with brain tumors is high, the pharmacological antidepressant treatment of those patients is not well defined and results from clinical trials are largely missing. In this review, we describe the current standard of evidence and clinical guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of depression in brain tumor patients. We present specific side effects and interactions that should guide treatment decisions. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the diagnosis, screening and risk factors for depression in brain tumor patients and we elaborate on potential antineoplastic effects of antidepressant drugs and ongoing clinical trials. Antidepressant drugs should not be withheld from patients with brain tumors. Future clinical trials should explore the effectiveness and side effects of antidepressants in this specific patient population."
4717,brain tumour,38943156,Identification of T2W hypointense ring as a novel noninvasive indicator for glioma grade and IDH genotype.,This study aimed to evaluate the T2W hypointense ring and T2-FLAIR mismatch signs in gliomas and use these signs to construct prediction models for glioma grading and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status.
4718,brain tumour,38943126,Sudden unexpected death after initial infusion of rituximab for Waldenström macroglobulinemia/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma: an autopsy case.,"Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) is defined as a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) involving the bone marrow (BM) with presence of IgM monoclonal protein, and comprises > 95% of all LPL cases. Rituximab-based regimens have been predominant in the management of WM. Infusion-related reactions (IRRs) are a primary concern with rituximab, although it is generally better tolerated with less toxicity than conventional anticancer agents. Here, we present an autopsy case of an elderly man who died suddenly after receiving the initial infusion of rituximab for WM/LPL."
4719,brain tumour,38943071,Correction to: Integrated approach of federated learning with transfer learning for classification and diagnosis of brain tumor.,No abstract found
4720,brain tumour,38943024,"High-grade glioma in infants and very young children: characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.","High-grade gliomas in infants and very young children (less than 3 to 5 years old) pose significant challenges due to the limited scientific literature available and high risks associated with treatments. This study aims to investigate their characteristics, treatment, and outcomes."
4721,brain tumour,38942989,Synergy of retinoic acid and BH3 mimetics in MYC(N)-driven embryonal nervous system tumours.,"Certain paediatric nervous system malignancies have dismal prognoses. Retinoic acid (RA) is used in neuroblastoma treatment, and preclinical data indicate potential benefit in selected paediatric brain tumour entities. However, limited single-agent efficacy necessitates combination treatment approaches."
4722,brain tumour,38942749,Humanin activates integrin αV-TGFβ axis and leads to glioblastoma progression.,"The role of mitochondria peptides in the spreading of glioblastoma remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying intracranial glioblastoma progression. Our findings demonstrate that the mitochondria-derived peptide, humanin, plays a significant role in enhancing glioblastoma progression through the intratumoral activation of the integrin alpha V (ITGAV)-TGF beta (TGFβ) signaling axis. In glioblastoma tissues, humanin showed a significant upregulation in the tumor area compared to the corresponding normal region. Utilizing multiple in vitro pharmacological and genetic approaches, we observed that humanin activates the ITGAV pathway, leading to cellular attachment and filopodia formation. This process aids the subsequent migration and invasion of attached glioblastoma cells through intracellular TGFβR signaling activation. In addition, our in vivo orthotopic glioblastoma model provides further support for the pro-tumoral function of humanin. We observed a correlation between poor survival and aggressive invasiveness in the humanin-treated group, with noticeable tumor protrusions and induced angiogenesis compared to the control. Intriguingly, the in vivo effect of humanin on glioblastoma was significantly reduced by the treatment of TGFBR1 inhibitor. To strengthen these findings, public database analysis revealed a significant association between genes in the ITGAV-TGFβR axis and poor prognosis in glioblastoma patients. These results collectively highlight humanin as a pro-tumoral factor, making it a promising biological target for treating glioblastoma."
4723,brain tumour,38942352,Protective effects of a novel bicyclic γ-butyrolactone compound against H,"Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in various neurological disorders, encompassing both neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, and mood disorders like depression. The balance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the cell's antioxidant defenses, when disrupted, can lead to neuronal damage and neurologic dysfunction. In this study, we focused on the pathogenic role of oxidative stress in various neurologic disease models in vitro and investigated the neuroprotective capabilities of some novel bicyclic γ-butyrolactone compounds, with particular emphasis on the compound designated as 'bd'. Our investigation leveraged the HT22 and SH-SY5Y cells to model oxidative stress induced by H"
4724,brain tumour,38942144,Supracerebellar Infratentorial Keyhole Approach in Sitting Position Using 3-Dimensional Exoscope and Angled Endoscope for a Giant Pineal Tumor.,Pineal tumors are rare but surgically challenging due to their deep location and proximity to major veins and brainstem.
4725,brain tumour,38942135,IGFBP6 regulates extracellular vesicles formation via cholesterol abundance in MDA-MB-231 cells.,"Breast cancer recurrence is associated with the growth of disseminated cancer cells that separate from the primary tumor before surgical treatment and hormonal therapy and form a metastatic niche in distant organs. We previously demonstrated that IGFBP6 expression is associated with the risk of early relapse of luminal breast cancer. Knockdown of IGFBP6 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells increased their invasiveness, proliferation, and metastatic potential. In addition, the knockdown of IGFBP6 leads to impaired lipid metabolism. In this study, we demonstrated that the knockdown of the IGFBP6 gene, a highly selective inhibitor of IGF-II, led to a significant decline in the number of secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) and altered cholesterol metabolism in MDA-MB-231 cells. Knockdown of IGFBP6 led to a decrease in the essential proteins responsible for the biogenesis of cholesterol LDLR and LSS, which reduced the amount by more than 13 times. In addition, the knockdown of IGFBP6 led to a possible change in the profile of adhesion molecules on the surface of EVs. The expression of L1CAM, IGSF3, EpCAM, CD24, and CD44 decreased, and the expression of EGFR increased. We can conclude that the negative prognostic value of low expression of this gene could be associated with increased activity of IGF2 in tumor-associated fibroblasts due to low secretion of IGFBP6 by tumor cells. In addition, changing the profile of adhesion molecules on the surface of tumor EVs may contribute to the more efficient formation of metastatic niches."
4726,brain tumour,38942129,Ophiobolin A derivatives with enhanced activities under tumor-relevant acidic conditions.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of malignant primary brain tumor and is one of the most lethal cancers. The difficulty in treating GBM stems from its highly developed mechanisms of drug resistance. Our research team has recently identified the fungal secondary metabolite ophiobolin A (OpA) as an agent with significant activity against drug-resistant GBM cells. However, the OpA's mode of action is likely based on covalent modification of its intracellular target(s) and thus possible off-target reactivity needs to be addressed. This work involves the investigation of an acid-sensitive OpA analogue approach that exploits the elevated acidity of the GBM microenvironment to enhance the selectivity for tumor targeting. This project identified analogues that showed selectivity at killing GBM cells grown in cultures at reduced pH compared to those maintained under normal neutral conditions. These studies are expected to facilitate the development of OpA as an anti-GBM agent by investigating its potential use in an acid-sensitive analogue form with enhanced selectivity for tumor targeting."
4727,brain tumour,38942120,Clinical practice in European centres treating paediatric posterior fossa tumours with pencil beam scanning proton therapy.,"As no guidelines for pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy (PT) of paediatric posterior fossa (PF) tumours exist to date, this study investigated planning techniques across European PT centres, with special considerations for brainstem and spinal cord sparing."
4728,brain tumour,38942080,Amivantamab plus lazertinib versus osimertinib in first-line EGFR-mutant advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with biomarkers of high-risk disease: a secondary analysis from MARIPOSA.,"Amivantamab-lazertinib significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) versus osimertinib in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant advanced non-small-cell lung cancer [NSCLC; hazard ratio (HR) 0.70; P < 0.001], including those with a history of brain metastases (HR 0.69). Patients with TP53 co-mutations, detectable circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), baseline liver metastases, and those without ctDNA clearance on treatment have poor prognoses. We evaluated outcomes in these high-risk subgroups."
4729,brain tumour,38942025,Advancing presurgical non-invasive molecular subgroup prediction in medulloblastoma using artificial intelligence and MRI signatures.,"Global investigation of medulloblastoma has been hindered by the widespread inaccessibility of molecular subgroup testing and paucity of data. To bridge this gap, we established an international molecularly characterized database encompassing 934 medulloblastoma patients from thirteen centers across China and the United States. We demonstrate how image-based machine learning strategies have the potential to create an alternative pathway for non-invasive, presurgical, and low-cost molecular subgroup prediction in the clinical management of medulloblastoma. Our robust validation strategies-including cross-validation, external validation, and consecutive validation-demonstrate the model's efficacy as a generalizable molecular diagnosis classifier. The detailed analysis of MRI characteristics replenishes the understanding of medulloblastoma through a nuanced radiographic lens. Additionally, comparisons between East Asia and North America subsets highlight critical management implications. We made this comprehensive dataset, which includes MRI signatures, clinicopathological features, treatment variables, and survival data, publicly available to advance global medulloblastoma research."
4730,brain tumour,38942008,A new approach to combined proton-photon therapy for metastatic cancer patients.,
4731,brain tumour,38941953,The course of tumor-related epilepsy in glioblastoma patients: A retrospective analysis.,"Many patients with glioblastoma suffer from tumor-related seizures. However, there is limited data on the characteristics of tumor-related epilepsy achieving seizure freedom. The aim of this study was to characterize the course of epilepsy in patients with glioblastoma and the factors that influence it."
4732,brain tumour,38941869,Indirect comparison of capmatinib treatment from GEOMETRY mono-1 trial to SOC in German patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC harboring METex14 skipping mutations.,This study provides comparative evidence of the selective MET inhibitor capmatinib versus standard of care (SOC) in first-line (1 L) and second-line (2 L) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with METex14 mutations in German routine care.
4733,brain tumour,38941861,Differentiation of glioblastoma from solitary brain metastasis using deep ensembles: Empirical estimation of uncertainty for clinical reliability.,To develop a clinically reliable deep learning model to differentiate glioblastoma (GBM) from solitary brain metastasis (SBM) by providing predictive uncertainty estimates and interpretability.
4734,brain tumour,38941823,Liangxue Tongyu prescription attenuates neuroinflammation by increasing cholecystokinin octapeptide in acute intracerebral hemorrhage rats.,"Inflammatory reactions after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (AICH) contribute significantly to a poor prognosis. Liangxue Tongyu Prescription (LTP) has been proven to be clinically effective in treating AICH. Numerous studies have shown that LTP suppresses brain inflammatory damage in AICH, while the internal mechanisms underlying its action remain unclear. The aim of this study was to verify the anti-inflammatory effects of LTP on an AICH rat model and investigate the potential mechanisms. The AICH rat models were created by injecting autologous blood into the right caudate nucleus. LTP markedly decreased cerebral hematoma and brain water content and recovered from neurological deficits. Meanwhile, LTP prevented microglial activation and reduced the inflammatory reaction caused by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Notably, the expression of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) in the brain and intestine was increased by LTP or CCK-8 treatment. LTP further suppressed nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in the brains of rats with AICH. Moreover, LTP increased the protein and mRNA expression of Occludin and Claudin-1 in the intestine and decreased the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in serum. Furthermore, the results showed that LTP increased the protein and mRNA expression of Claudin-5 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the brain. CCK-8 receptor antagonists increased the expression of NF-κB and the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These findings suggested that LTP attenuated neuroinflammation by increasing CCK-8 in the brain and intestine, and its mechanism might be related to alterations in the gut-brain axis (GBA)."
4735,brain tumour,38941641,Subventricular zone-associated classification in isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype glioblastomas: improved prognostic value through integration of FLAIR with contrast-enhanced imaging.,"Controversy surrounds the prognostic value of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (T1CE) imaging-based subventricular zone (SVZ) classification in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastomas (GBMs). In this study, the authors aimed to assess the potential of incorporating FLAIR imaging into T1CE imaging-based classification for improving prognostic accuracy."
4736,brain tumour,38941638,Hearing preservation outcomes using direct cranial nerve eight and auditory brainstem response neuromonitoring in the resection of vestibular schwannomas.,"Advancements in microsurgical technique and technology continue to improve outcomes in patients with skull base tumor. The primary cranial nerve eight monitoring systems used in hearing preservation surgery for vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are direct cranial nerve eight monitoring (DCNEM) and auditory brainstem response (ABR), although current guidelines are unable to definitively recommend one over the other due to limited literature on the topic. Thus, further research is needed to determine the utility of DCNEM and ABR. The authors performed a retrospective cohort study and created an interactive model that compares hearing preservation outcomes based on tumor size in patients receiving ABR+DCNEM and ABR-only monitoring."
4737,brain tumour,38941297,STING agonist 8803 reprograms the immune microenvironment and increases survival in preclinical models of glioblastoma.,"STING agonists can reprogram the tumor microenvironment to induce immunological clearance within the central nervous system. Using multiplexed sequential immunofluorescence (SeqIF) and the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas, STING expression was found in myeloid populations and in the perivascular space. The STING agonist 8803 increased median survival in multiple preclinical models of glioblastoma, including QPP8, an immune checkpoint blockade-resistant model, where 100% of mice were cured. Ex vivo flow cytometry profiling during the therapeutic window demonstrated increases in myeloid tumor trafficking and activation, alongside enhancement of CD8+ T cell and NK effector responses. Treatment with 8803 reprogrammed microglia to express costimulatory CD80/CD86 and iNOS, while decreasing immunosuppressive CD206 and arginase. In humanized mice, where tumor cell STING is epigenetically silenced, 8803 therapeutic activity was maintained, further attesting to myeloid dependency and reprogramming. Although the combination with a STAT3 inhibitor did not further enhance STING agonist activity, the addition of anti-PD-1 antibodies to 8803 treatment enhanced survival in an immune checkpoint blockade-responsive glioma model. In summary, 8803 as a monotherapy demonstrates marked in vivo therapeutic activity, meriting consideration for clinical translation."
4738,brain tumour,38941182,Protocol for real-time assessment of mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production in patient-derived glioma stem-like cells.,"Glioma cells switch between energetic pathways to adapt and resist therapies. We present a protocol for measuring mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP rates in patient-derived glioma stem-like cells using a Seahorse XF ATP rate assay. We describe steps for growing 3D glioma stem-like cells, attaching cells to the assay plate, preparing drugs, and running the ATP rate assay. We also detail procedures for imaging viable cell numbers and normalization, with tips to overcome pitfalls in Agilent Seahorse assays."
4739,brain tumour,38940090,Antiepileptic and Neuroprotective Effects of ,
4740,brain tumour,38939996,Europinidin Attenuates Methamphetamine-induced Learning and Memory Impairments and Hippocampal Alterations in Rodents: Based on Molecular Docking through a Mechanism of Neuromodulatory Cytokines/ Caspases-3/ CREB/BDNF Pathway.,"Methamphetamine (MA) is well recognized as a psychostimulant that can cause neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration, which is associated with cognitive decline, has been confirmed experimentally."
4741,brain tumour,38939825,Nonsignaling extracellular spacer regulates tumor antigen selectivity of CAR T cells.,"Advancing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells for the treatment of solid tumors is a major focus in the field of cellular immunotherapy. Several hurdles have hindered similar CAR T cell clinical responses in solid tumors as seen in hematological malignancies. These challenges include on-target off-tumor toxicities, which have inspired efforts to optimize CARs for improved tumor antigen selectivity and overall safety. We recently developed a CAR T cell therapy targeting prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) for prostate and pancreatic cancers, showing improved preclinical antitumor activity and T cell persistence by optimizing the intracellular co-stimulatory domain. Similar studies were undertaken to optimize HER2-directed CAR T cells with modifications to the intracellular co-stimulatory domain for selective targeting of breast cancer brain metastasis. In the present study, we evaluate various nonsignaling extracellular spacers in these CARs to further improve tumor antigen selectivity. Our findings suggest that length and structure of the extracellular spacer can dictate the ability of CARs to selectively target tumor cells with high antigen density, while sparing cells with low antigen density. This study contributes to CAR construct design considerations and expands our knowledge of tuning solid tumor CAR T cell therapies for improved safety and efficacy."
4742,brain tumour,38939049,In vivo imaging using surface enhanced spatially offset raman spectroscopy (SESORS): balancing sampling frequency to improve overall image acquisition.,"In the field of optical imaging, the ability to image tumors at depth with high selectivity and specificity remains a challenge. Surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) nanoparticles (NPs) can be employed as image contrast agents to specifically target cells in vivo; however, this technique typically requires time-intensive point-by-point acquisition of Raman spectra. Here, we combine the use of ""spatially offset Raman spectroscopy"" (SORS) with that of SERRS in a technique known as ""surface enhanced spatially offset resonance Raman spectroscopy"" (SESORRS) to image deep-seated tumors in vivo. Additionally, by accounting for the laser spot size, we report an experimental approach for detecting both the bulk tumor, subsequent delineation of tumor margins at high speed, and the identification of a deeper secondary region of interest with fewer measurements than are typically applied. To enhance light collection efficiency, four modifications were made to a previously described custom-built SORS system. Specifically, the following parameters were increased: (i) the numerical aperture (NA) of the lens, from 0.2 to 0.34; (ii) the working distance of the probe, from 9 mm to 40 mm; (iii) the NA of the fiber, from 0.2 to 0.34; and (iv) the fiber diameter, from 100 μm to 400 μm. To calculate the sampling frequency, which refers to the number of data point spectra obtained for each image, we considered the laser spot size of the elliptical beam (6 × 4 mm). Using SERRS contrast agents, we performed in vivo SESORRS imaging on a GL261-Luc mouse model of glioblastoma at four distinct sampling frequencies: par-sampling frequency (12 data points collected), and over-frequency sampling by factors of 2 (35 data points collected), 5 (176 data points collected), and 10 (651 data points collected). In comparison to the previously reported SORS system, the modified SORS instrument showed a 300% improvement in signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). The results demonstrate the ability to acquire distinct Raman spectra from deep-seated glioblastomas in mice through the skull using a low power density (6.5 mW/mm"
4743,brain tumour,38938778,Exploring MAP2K3 as a prognostic biomarker and potential immunotherapy target in glioma treatment.,"Glioma, the most prevalent primary brain tumor in adults, is characterized by significant invasiveness and resistance. Current glioma treatments include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy, but these methods often fail to eliminate the tumor completely, leading to recurrence and poor prognosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, a class of commonly used immunotherapeutic drugs, have demonstrated excellent efficacy in treating various solid malignancies. Recent research has indicated that unconventional levels of expression of the MAP2K3 gene closely correlates with glioma malignancy, hinting it could be a potential immunotherapy target. Our study unveiled substantial involvement of MAP2K3 in gliomas, indicating the potential of the enzyme to serve as a prognostic biomarker related to immunity. Through the regulation of the infiltration of immune cells, MAP2K3 can affect the prognosis of patients with glioma. These discoveries establish a theoretical foundation for exploring the biological mechanisms underlying MAP2K3 and its potential applications in glioma treatment."
4744,brain tumour,38938754,Cooperatively inhibition effect of miR-143-5p and miR-145-5p in tumorigenesis of glioblastoma cells through modulating AKT signaling pathway.,"As the most common aggressive primary brain tumor, glioblastoma is inevitably a recurrent malignancy whose patients' prognosis is poor. miR-143 and miR-145, as tumor suppressor miRNAs, are downregulated through tumorigenesis of multiple human cancers, including glioblastoma. These two miRNAs regulate numerous cellular processes, such as proliferation and migration. This research was intended to explore the simultaneous replacement effect of miR-143, and miR-145 on in vitro tumorgenicity of U87 glioblastoma cells."
4745,brain tumour,38938322,Primary Dysgerminoma of the Uterine Cervix: A Rare Case Report.,"Primary extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCTs) are a very rare clinical encounter most commonly reported in males. Among females, the placenta, pelvis, uterus, brain, and mediastinum are the most common extragonadal sites and predominantly display nondysgerminoma histology. In this report, we present a case of a primary cervical dysgerminoma in a young female patient. "
4746,brain tumour,38938062,K,"Prognosis of glioblastoma patients is still poor despite multimodal therapy. The highly brain-infiltrating growth in concert with a pronounced therapy resistance particularly of mesenchymal glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) has been proposed to contribute to therapy failure. Recently, we have shown that a mesenchymal-to-proneural mRNA signature of patient derived GSC-enriched (pGSC) cultures associates with in vitro radioresistance and gel invasion. Importantly, this pGSC mRNA signature is prognostic for patients' tumor recurrence pattern and overall survival. Two mesenchymal markers of the mRNA signature encode for IK"
4747,brain tumour,38937830,Retrograde cerebral embolism and pulmonary embolism caused by patent ductus arteriosus: a case report.,"Although rare, paradoxical embolism sometimes occurs with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). This study presents a case of PDA-associated paradoxical embolism with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and pulmonary embolism (PE) following thoracoscopic surgery."
4748,brain tumour,38937811,Chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity and its symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a scoping review.,Chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity is a significant concern because it is a major cause of morbidity. This study aimed to provide in-depth information on the symptoms of chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity (CRCT) by exploring literature that concurrently reports the types and symptoms of CRCT in patients with breast cancer.
4749,brain tumour,38937576,Ginsenoside Rg1 mitigates cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury in mice by inhibiting autophagy through activation of mTOR signalling.,"Reperfusion injury, which is distinct from ischaemic injury, occurs when blood flow is restored in previously ischaemic brain tissue, further compromising neurons and other cells and worsening the injury. There is currently a lack of pharmaceutical agents and therapeutic interventions that specifically mitigate cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), a protopanaxatriol-type saponin isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, has been found to protect against cerebral I/R injury, but its intricate protective mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Numerous studies have shown that autophagy plays a crucial role in protecting brain tissue during the I/R process and is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy for effective treatment. In this study, we investigated whether Rg1 protected against I/R damage in vitro and in vivo by regulating autophagy. Both MCAO and OGD/R models were established. SK-N-AS and SH-SY5Y cells were subjected to OGD followed by reperfusion with Rg1 (4-32 μM). MCAO mice were injected with Rg1 (30 mg·kg"
4750,brain tumour,38937569,Clinical application of transcranial neuroendoscopy combined with supraorbital keyhole approach in minimally invasive surgery of the anterior skull base.,"To explore the techniques, safety, and feasibility of minimally invasive neurosurgery through the supraorbital eyebrow arch keyhole approach by neuroendoscopy. Retrospective analysis of clinical data of patients with various cranial diseases treated by transcranial neuroendoscopic supraorbital eyebrow keyhole approach in our hospital from March 2021 to October 2023. A total of 39 complete cases were collected, including 21 cases of intracranial aneurysms, 9 cases of intracranial space occupying lesions, 5 cases of brain trauma, 3 cases of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, and 1 case of cerebral hemorrhage. All patients' surgeries were successful. The good prognosis rate of intracranial aneurysms was 17/21 (81%), and the symptom improvement rate of intracranial space occupying lesions was 8/9 (88.9%). Among them, the initial symptoms of one patient with no improvement were not related to space occupying, while the total effective rate of the other three types of patients was 9/9 (100%). The average length of the craniotomy bone window of the supraorbital eyebrow arch keyhole is 3.77 ± 0.31 cm, and the average width is 2.53 ± 0.23 cm. The average postoperative hospital stay was 14.77 ± 6.59 days. The average clearance rate of hematoma by neuroendoscopy is 95.00% ± 1.51%. Our results indicate that endoscopic surgery through the supraorbital eyebrow arch keyhole approach is safe and effective for the treatment of anterior skull base lesions and cerebral hemorrhage. However, this retrospective study is a single center, small sample study, and the good surgical results do not exclude the subjective screening of suitable patients by clinical surgeons, which may have some bias. Although the clinical characteristics such as indications and contraindications of this surgical method still require further prospective and multicenter clinical research validation, our study still provides a new approach and choice for minimally invasive surgical treatment of anterior skull base lesions."
4751,brain tumour,38937439,Coronin 2B deficiency induces nucleolar stress and neuronal apoptosis.,"In eukaryotes, the nucleolus is the critical non-membranous organelle within nuclei that is responsible for ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription and ribosome biogenesis. The transcription of rDNA, a rate-limiting step for ribosome biogenesis, is tightly regulated to meet the demand for global protein synthesis in response to cell physiology, especially in neurons, which undergo rapid changes in morphology and protein composition during development and synaptic plasticity. However, it is unknown how the pre-initiation complex for rDNA transcription is efficiently assembled within the nucleolus in neurons. Here, we report that the nucleolar protein, coronin 2B, regulates rDNA transcription and maintains nucleolar function through direct interaction with upstream binding factor (UBF), an activator of RNA polymerase I transcriptional machinery. We show that coronin 2B knockdown impairs the formation of the transcription initiation complex, inhibits rDNA transcription, destroys nucleolar integrity, and ultimately induces nucleolar stress. In turn, coronin 2B-mediated nucleolar stress leads to p53 stabilization and activation, eventually resulting in neuronal apoptosis. Thus, we identified that coronin 2B coordinates with UBF to regulate rDNA transcription and maintain proper nucleolar function in neurons."
4752,brain tumour,38937431,Distinct functions of wild-type and R273H mutant Δ133p53α differentially regulate glioblastoma aggressiveness and therapy-induced senescence.,"Despite being mutated in 92% of TP53 mutant cancers, how mutations on p53 isoforms affect their activities remain largely unknown. Therefore, exploring the effect of mutations on p53 isoforms activities is a critical, albeit unexplored area in the p53 field. In this article, we report for the first time a mutant Δ133p53α-specific pathway which increases IL4I1 and IDO1 expression and activates AHR, a tumor-promoting mechanism. Accordingly, while WT Δ133p53α reduces apoptosis to promote DNA repair, mutant R273H also reduces apoptosis but fails to maintain genomic stability, increasing the risks of accumulation of mutations and tumor's deriving towards a more aggressive phenotype. Furthermore, using 2D and 3D spheroids culture, we show that WT Δ133p53α reduces cell proliferation, EMT, and invasion, while the mutant Δ133p53α R273H enhances all three processes, confirming its oncogenic potential and strongly suggesting a similar in vivo activity. Importantly, the effects on cell growth and invasion are independent of mutant full-length p53α, indicating that these activities are actively carried by mutant Δ133p53α R273H. Furthermore, both WT and mutant Δ133p53α reduce cellular senescence in a senescence inducer-dependent manner (temozolomide or radiation) because they regulate different senescence-associated target genes. Hence, WT Δ133p53α rescues temozolomide-induced but not radiation-induced senescence, while mutant Δ133p53α R273H rescues radiation-induced but not temozolomide-induced senescence. Lastly, we determined that IL4I1, IDO1, and AHR are significantly higher in GBMs compared to low-grade gliomas. Importantly, high expression of all three genes in LGG and IL4I1 in GBM is significantly associated with poorer patients' survival, confirming the clinical relevance of this pathway in glioblastomas. These data show that, compared to WT Δ133p53α, R273H mutation reorientates its activities toward carcinogenesis and activates the oncogenic IL4I1/IDO1/AHR pathway, a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in GBM by combining drugs specifically modulating Δ133p53α expression and IDO1/Il4I1/AHR inhibitors."
4753,brain tumour,38937309,Characteristics of H3K27M-mutant diffuse gliomas with a non-midline location.,"Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) with H3K27 alterations (H3K27M-DMG) are a highly aggressive form of brain cancer. In rare cases, H3K27 mutations have been observed in diffuse non-midline gliomas (DNMG). It is currently unclear how these tumors should be classified. Herein, we analyze the characteristics of DNMG with H3K27M mutations."
4754,brain tumour,38937115,Ten Years of VASARI Glioma Features: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Their Impact and Performance.,"Visually Accessible Rembrandt (Repository for Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data) Images (VASARI) features, a vocabulary to establish reproducible terminology for glioma reporting, have been applied for a decade, but a systematic performance evaluation is lacking."
4755,brain tumour,38937027,Molecular diagnosis of primary CNS lymphoma in 2024 using MYD88,"Early diagnosis is crucial for the successful treatment of primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL), a rapidly progressing tumour. Suspicion raised on brain MRI must be confirmed by a histopathological diagnosis of a tumour specimen collected by stereotactic biopsy. In rare cases, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or vitreous humour might aid in providing a cytological diagnosis. Several disease-related, patient-related, and treatment-related factors affect the timing and accuracy of diagnosis and patient outcome. Some molecules detected in CSF, aqueous and vitreous humour, and peripheral blood were proposed as diagnostic biomarkers for PCNSL; however, detection methods for most of these molecules are not yet standardised, have a long turnaround time, are expensive, and have little reproducibility among labs. By contrast, the MYD88"
4756,brain tumour,38936935,Evaluation of Five Prognostic Scores in Patients Receiving Chemoradiation for Primary Glioblastoma Multiforme.,Prognostic factors can facilitate treatment personalization in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This study investigated different Glasgow prognostic scores (GPS) and the LabBM score in patients with GBM receiving chemoradiation following resection or biopsy.
4757,brain tumour,38936930,Enhancing the Contouring Efficiency for Head and Neck Cancer Radiotherapy Using Atlas-based Auto-segmentation and Scripting.,"Intensity-modulated radiation therapy can deliver a highly conformal dose to a target while minimizing the dose to the organs at risk (OARs). Delineating the contours of OARs is time-consuming, and various automatic contouring software programs have been employed to reduce the delineation time. However, some software operations are manual, and further reduction in time is possible. This study aimed to automate running atlas-based auto-segmentation (ABAS) and software operations using a scripting function, thereby reducing work time."
4758,brain tumour,38936918,"Correlation Between CT Density, Incidence, Mortality, and Mortality-to-Incidence Ratio in Central Nervous System Cancers: An Exploratory Analysis of Global Data.","Cancers of the central nervous system (CNS) pose a significant burden, despite their relatively low incidence compared to other types of cancers. The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is a crucial indicator of long-term survival and healthcare system performance. Computed tomography (CT) plays a crucial role in the screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of brain tumors, enabling early intervention and treatment. This study aimed to explore the relationship between CT density, CNS cancer incidence, mortality, and MIR to investigate regional variations in CT utilization and their impact on CNS cancer mortality rates."
4759,brain tumour,38936911,Germline Co-deletion of ,"Gliomas are highly heterogeneous malignancies originating from diverse cell types within the brain. Although their precise etiology is frequently unknown, risk factors, such as chemical exposure, radiation, and specific uncommon genetic disorders have been identified. Diagnosis typically entails imaging tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, complemented by a biopsy for confirmation, which may be further validated through genetic testing."
4760,brain tumour,38936671,Toxicity assessment of 3-O-[6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-oleandropyranosyl]-17β-marsdenin isolated from Gongronema latifolium leaf on selected brain and kidney function indices in mice.,"The safety of bioactive compounds, especially those isolated from medicinal plants, is a major concern for health authorities, pharmaceutical industries, and the public. Of recent, anti-tumor pregnane glycosides were isolated from Gongronema latifolium leaf, of which the toxicity of one, 3-O-[6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-oleandropyranosyl]-17β-marsdenin (3DMAOM), has not been evaluated. This study, therefore, evaluated the effects of 3DMAOM on selected brain and kidney function indices in mice. Female Swiss albino mice were randomly administered 5% dimethyl sulphoxide and different doses of 3DMAOM (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg body weight) for fourteen (14) days, and their blood, brains, and kidneys were collected for biochemical analysis. There was no significant alteration in the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acetylcholinesterase, creatine kinase, Na"
4761,brain tumour,38936612,Incidence and Risk Factors of Delirium Following Brain Tumor Resection: A Retrospective National Inpatient Sample Database Study.,The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and factors predisposing to delirium following brain tumor resection.
4762,brain tumour,38936514,Novel tetrahydroquinoline derivatives induce ROS-mediated apoptosis in glioblastoma cells.,"Current treatment for Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is not efficient due to its aggressive nature, tendency to infiltrate surrounding brain tissue, and chemotherapy resistance. Tetrahydroquinoline scaffolds are emerging as a new class of drug for treating many human cancers including GBM. This study investigates the cytotoxicity effect of eight novel derivatives of 2-((3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl)(aryl)methyl)phenol, containing substitute 1 with reduced dihydroquinoline fused with cyclohexene ring and substitute 2 with phenyl and methyl group. The 4-position of the aryl ring was determinant for the desired cytotoxicity, and out of the 8 synthesized compounds, the 4-trifluoromethyl substituted derivative (4ag) exhibited the most anti-GBM potential effect compared to the standard chemotherapeutic agent, temozolomide (TMZ), with IC"
4763,brain tumour,38936426,Effects of chronic intermittent cold stress on anxiety-depression-like behaviors in adolescent rats.,"Stress, which triggers numerous physiological and behavioral responses in the organism, is a significant risk factor that contributes to the development of psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. This study aimed to investigate the inflammation, oxidative stress status, anxiety, and depression-like behaviors of adolescent rodents exposed to chronic intermittent cold stress. Adolescent male rats were subjected to a modified chronic intermittent cold stress model (21 days, 1 hour/day, 4 °C). Depression-like behaviors were evaluated using the sucrose preference and forced swimming tests, while anxiety-like behaviors were assessed using the open field, elevated plus maze, and light-dark box tests. We measured levels of cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, brain-derived natriuretic factor, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, total oxidants and antioxidants, and other chemicals in the prefrontal cortex, thalamus, striatum, and hippocampus brain regions of rats using ELISA and colorimetric methods. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test and Pearson correlation analysis. After the cold stress treatment, both anxiety and depression-like behaviors increased remarkably in the subjects. Our study revealed significant changes in various brain regions among the stress-exposed subjects. Cold stress resulted in decreased BDNF levels in the prefrontal cortex and striatum (p < 0.05), increased cortisol levels in the prefrontal cortex (p < 0.05), increased IL-1β levels in the hippocampus and thalamus (p < 0.05), increased protein carbonyl levels in the striatum (p < 0.05), and decreased TAS in the prefrontal cortex and thalamus (p < 0.05). Adolescent rats exposed to cold exhibit both anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. This study observed an increase in inflammation in various brain regions, yet the responses to stress varied. Our findings suggest that adolescence is a period of heightened sensitivity to stress, which can lead to dramatic consequences."
4764,brain tumour,38936381,CNS activity of trastuzumab deruxtecan in HER2-expressing non-small-cell lung cancer.,No abstract found
4765,brain tumour,38936174,Association of imaging classification and histopathological grading in primary intraosseous meningioma of the skull.,"Primary intraosseous meningioma of the skull (PIMS) is a rare type of primary extradural meningioma (PEM) involving cranial bone. The existing literature strongly suggest the importance of radiological feacures in pathological diagnosis of PIMS. Thereby, the aim of this study is to investigate the association between imaging classification and histopathological grading in PIMS."
4766,brain tumour,38936103,"Paediatric strategy forum for medicinal product development of PI3-K, mTOR, AKT and GSK3β inhibitors in children and adolescents with cancer.","Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) signalling pathway is a crucial path in cancer for cell survival and thus represents an intriguing target for new paediatric anti-cancer drugs. However, the unique clinical toxicities of targeting this pathway (resulting in hyperglycaemia) difficulties combining with chemotherapy, rarity of mutations in childhood tumours and concomitant mutations have resulted in major barriers to clinical translation of these inhibitors in treating both adults and children. Mutations in PIK3CA predict response to PI3-K inhibitors in adult cancers. The same mutations occur in children as in adults, but they are significantly less frequent in paediatrics. In children, high-grade gliomas, especially diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), have the highest incidence of PIK3CA mutations. New mutation-specific PI3-K inhibitors reduce toxicity from on-target PI3-Kα wild-type activity. The mTOR inhibitor everolimus is approved for subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. In paediatric cancers, mTOR inhibitors have been predominantly evaluated by academia, without an overall strategy, in empiric, mutation-agnostic clinical trials with very low response rates to monotherapy. Therefore, future trials of single agent or combination strategies of mTOR inhibitors in childhood cancer should be supported by very strong biological rationale and preclinical data. Further preclinical evaluation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta inhibitors is required. Similarly, even where there is an AKT mutation (∼0.1 %), the role of AKT inhibitors in paediatric cancers remains unclear. Patient advocates strongly urged analysing and conserving data from every child participating in a clinical trial. A priority is to evaluate mutation-specific, central nervous system-penetrant PI3-K inhibitors in children with DMG in a rational biological combination. The choice of combination, should be based on the genomic landscape e.g. PTEN loss and resistance mechanisms supported by preclinical data. However, in view of the very rare populations involved, innovative regulatory approaches are needed to generate data for an indication."
4767,brain tumour,38935278,Association of NID2 SNPs with Glioma Risk and Prognosis in the Chinese Population.,"Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor with high mortality and poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate how single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NID2 gene affect glioma risk and prognosis. Four candidate SNPs of NID2 in 529 glioma patients and 478 healthy controls were successfully genotyped by Agena MassARRAY mass spectrometer. Logistic regression was utilized to assess the associations between NID2 SNPs and glioma risk under different genetic models. Furthermore, the relationship between risk-related SNPs in NID2 and the prognosis of glioma patients was explored through Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival curve and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. The results showed that rs11846847 (OR 1.24, p = 0.017) and rs1874569 (OR 1.22, p = 0.026) were significantly associated with an increased risk of glioma, and rs11846847 also had a risk-increasing effect on glioma in participants ≤ 40 years old. The interaction model of rs11846847 and rs1874569 could be more suitable for forecasting glioma risk. We also discovered a significant association between rs1874569 and poor prognosis in glioma patients (HR 1.32, p = 0.039) and especially CC genotype was relevant to shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with high-grade glioma. Additionally, the study demonstrated that gross total resection or chemotherapy improve glioma prognosis in the Chinese Han population. This study is the first to provide evidence for the association of NID2 SNPs with glioma risk and prognosis, suggesting that NID2 variants might be potential factors for glioma."
4768,brain tumour,38935252,Pituitary apoplexy: a systematic review of non-gestational risk factors.,Pregnancy is a known risk factor for Pituitary Apoplexy (PA) but there is a lack of consistency in the literature regarding non-gestational risk factors responsible for PA.
4769,brain tumour,38935233,Radiomics and artificial intelligence applications in pediatric brain tumors.,"The study of central nervous system (CNS) tumors is particularly relevant in the pediatric population because of their relatively high frequency in this demographic and the significant impact on disease- and treatment-related morbidity and mortality. While both morphological and non-morphological magnetic resonance imaging techniques can give important information concerning tumor characterization, grading, and patient prognosis, increasing evidence in recent years has highlighted the need for personalized treatment and the development of quantitative imaging parameters that can predict the nature of the lesion and its possible evolution. For this purpose, radiomics and the use of artificial intelligence software, aimed at obtaining valuable data from images beyond mere visual observation, are gaining increasing importance. This brief review illustrates the current state of the art of this new imaging approach and its contributions to understanding CNS tumors in children."
4770,brain tumour,38935187,UBTF mediates activation of L3MBTL2 to suppress NISCH expression through histone H2AK119 monoubiquitination modification in breast cancer.,"Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 2 (L3MBTL2) has been related to transcriptional inhibition and chromatin compaction. Nevertheless, the biological functions and mechanisms of L3MBTL2 are undefined in breast cancer (BRCA). Here, we revealed that L3MBTL2 is responsible for the decline of Nischarin (NISCH), a well-known tumor suppressor, in BRCA, and explored the detailed mechanism. Knockdown of L3MBTL2 reduced monoubiquitination of histone H2A at lysine-119 (H2AK119ub), leading to reduced binding to the NISCH promoter and increased expression of NISCH. Meanwhile, the knockdown of L3MBTL2 decreased proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of BRCA cells, and increased apoptosis, which were abated by NISCH knockdown. Nucleolar transcription factor 1 (UBTF) induced the transcription of L3MBTL2 in BRCA, and the suppressing effects of UBTF silencing on EMT in BRCA cells were also reversed by NISCH knockdown. Knockdown of UBTF slowed tumor progression and attenuated lung tumor infiltration, whereas simultaneous knockdown of NISCH accelerated EMT and increased tumor lung metastasis. Taken together, our results show that L3MBTL2, transcriptionally activated by UBTF, exerts oncogenic functions in BRCA, by catalyzing H2AK119Ub and reducing expression of NISCH."
4771,brain tumour,38935074,Electroacupuncture improves the learning and memory abilities of rats with PSCI by attenuating the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway on the hippocampal microglia.,"This study aims to investigate how electroacupuncture regulates the learning and memory abilities of poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) rats through the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway on the hippocampal microglia. Thirty male rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham surgery group, PSCI model group, and electroacupuncture group, with 10 rats in each group. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was used to establish the PSCI model. The Zea Longa method was used to score the rats' neurological function. Electroacupuncture was utilized for 21 days to improve PSCI. The learning and memory abilities of rats were tested using the Morris water maze. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence were used to find the hippocampus' pathological changes. The concentration of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-18 were detected by ELISA. The mRNA expression levels of associated inflammatory corpuscles were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and NLRP3 were measured using western blotting. Electroacupuncture improved not only the learning and memory abilities of PSCI rats but also hippocampal morphology. Electroacupuncture inhibited the activation of microglia and the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Electroacupuncture also reduced proinflammatory factors and restrained the mRNA levels of NLRP3-associated inflammatory cytokines. Its mechanism was related to inhibiting the expression of the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, attenuating the release of inflammatory factors, and regulating the activation of hippocampal microglia in the brain."
4772,brain tumour,38934653,Proteasome inhibition for glioblastoma: Lessons learned and new opportunities.,No abstract found
4773,brain tumour,38934568,Barthel Index and Age as Predictors of Discharge Destination in Patients with Glioblastoma.,This study aimed to investigate the predictive factors of transfer of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients who underwent rehabilitation in acute care hospitals. We retrospectively identified 85 patients with GBM who underwent rehabilitation at our hospital. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age and Barthel index (BI) at rehabilitation initiation significantly influenced the discharge destination. Cut-off values for these factors were 76 years of age and 30 BI points. These findings could help predict the discharge destination and the choice of rehabilitation strategies of newly diagnosed patients with GBM admitted to an acute care hospital.
4774,brain tumour,38934524,"An unusual ""linitis plastica"" like breast cancer bladder metastasis.","Breast cancer (BrC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in woman and most BrC related deaths are due to metastasis. BrC frequently metastasizes to the lymph nodes, liver, lung, bone and brain while the urinary bladder is considered as an unusual site for breast metastasis. We report a case of bladder metastasis identified in a patient with past BrC history, presenting with hematuria, low urinary tract symptoms, and hydronephrosis."
4775,brain tumour,38934096,Detection and Segmentation of Glioma Tumors Utilizing a UNet Convolutional Neural Network Approach with Non-Subsampled Shearlet Transform.,"The prompt and precise identification and delineation of tumor regions within glioma brain images are critical for mitigating the risks associated with this life-threatening ailment. In this study, we employ the UNet convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for glioma tumor detection. Our proposed methodology comprises a transformation module, a feature extraction module, and a tumor segmentation module. The spatial domain representation of brain magnetic resonance imaging images undergoes decomposition into low- and high-frequency subbands via a non-subsampled shearlet transform. Leveraging the selective and directive characteristics of this transform enhances the classification efficacy of our proposed system. Shearlet features are extracted from both low- and high-frequency subbands and subsequently classified using the UNet-CNN architecture to identify tumor regions within glioma brain images. We validate our proposed glioma tumor detection methodology using publicly available datasets, namely Brain Tumor Segmentation (BRATS) 2019 and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The mean classification rates achieved by our system are 99.1% for the BRATS 2019 dataset and 97.8% for the TCGA dataset. Furthermore, our system demonstrates notable performance metrics on the BRATS 2019 dataset, including 98.2% sensitivity, 98.7% specificity, 98.9% accuracy, 98.7% intersection over union, and 98.5% disc similarity coefficient. Similarly, on the TCGA dataset, our system achieves 97.7% sensitivity, 98.2% specificity, 98.7% accuracy, 98.6% intersection over union, and 98.4% disc similarity coefficient. Comparative analysis against state-of-the-art methods underscores the efficacy of our proposed glioma brain tumor detection approach."
4776,brain tumour,38933701,"Case report: Unilateral papilledema in a dog with a large suprasellar mass and suspected intracranial hypertension: insights from funduscopy, optical coherence tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging.","A spayed, 8-year-old female Poodle, weighing 5.7 kg, was presented with the chief complaint of vision impairment. Vision assessment, including pupillary light reflexes, menace response, dazzle reflex, and maze navigation in photopic and scotopic circumstances, revealed a negative response in both eyes except for positive direct pupillary light reflex in the right eye and positive consensual pupillary light reflex from the right eye to the left eye. Systemic evaluation, including neurologic status, blood profile, and thoracic radiographs, did not reveal any abnormalities. Complete ophthalmic examinations, ocular ultrasonography, and electroretinography did not identify a cause of blindness. Upon funduscopy, the left eye exhibited an increased optic disk diameter, blurred optic disk borders, and loss of the physiologic pit, as well as an increase in vascular tortuosity. In the right eye, there were multifocal depigmented areas in the non-tapetal fundus and several pigmented spots surrounded by a region of dull tapetal reflection in the tapetal fundus. The optical coherence tomography revealed severe anterior deformation of the optic nerve head and Bruch's membrane in the peripapillary region of the left eye. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an irregular, broad-based suprasellar mass, with features suggestive of intracranial hypertension, including dorsal displacement of third ventricles, a rightward shift of the falx cerebri, "
4777,brain tumour,38933651,A prospective study on the usefulness of high-resolution intraoperative infrared thermography in intracranial tumors.,"Infrared thermography (IT) is a non-invasive real-time imaging technique with potential application in different areas of neurosurgery. Despite technological advances in the field, intraoperative IT (IIT) has been an underestimated tool with scarce reports on its usefulness during intracranial tumor resection. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of high-resolution IIT with static and dynamic thermographic maps for transdural lesion localization, and diagnosis, to assess the extent of resection, and the occurrence of perioperative acute ischemia."
4778,brain tumour,38933615,"Internal Cerebral Vein in Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging: A Reliable Tool to Differentiate Among Calcification, Microbleed, and Gross Hemorrhage in Brain Tumors.","Background and objective Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) sequence is crucial for brain MRI examinations, as it is equipped with a high sensitivity to detect calcification, microbleed, and gross hemorrhage. Intracranial venous structures such as the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and cortical veins are used as reference structures in phase image SWI to differentiate diamagnetic and paramagnetic substances. Our study focuses on the internal cerebral vein (ICV) as another reliable reference structure. We aimed to analyze the diagnostic accuracy and detectability of calcification and hemorrhagic components in brain tumors using ICV, cortical veins, and SSS as references on phase image SWI, with CT scans for comparison. Material and methods A retrospective review of calcification and hemorrhagic components in brain tumors was conducted using MRI and CT from January 2017 to June 2023. Results The study included a total of 192 patients with brain tumors. For calcification components (63 cases), ICV and cortical veins as reference structures showed excellent sensitivity (96.8%), specificity (100%), and accuracy (98.9%). SSS demonstrated slightly lower detectability but maintained high sensitivity (96.5%), specificity (100%), and accuracy (98.8%) levels. No statistical differences were noted among these reference structures (p>0.05) and excellent interobserver agreement (Cohen's Kappa of 1) was observed. Conclusions The ICV is located in the central image, is large, without any nearby arteries, and is easy to identify using SWI phase images. Using the ICV as a reference to characterize intratumoral calcification, microbleed, and hemorrhage demonstrates high accuracy and detectability. With its findings of excellent interobserver agreement, our study will be of immense benefit to radiologists."
4779,brain tumour,38933391,Enhancing brain tumor classification in MRI scans with a multi-layer customized convolutional neural network approach.,"The necessity of prompt and accurate brain tumor diagnosis is unquestionable for optimizing treatment strategies and patient prognoses. Traditional reliance on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) analysis, contingent upon expert interpretation, grapples with challenges such as time-intensive processes and susceptibility to human error."
4780,brain tumour,38932383,Glioblastoma Vaccines as Promising Immune-Therapeutics: Challenges and Current Status.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor. Standard treatments including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have failed to significantly improve the prognosis of glioblastoma patients. Currently, immunotherapeutic approaches based on vaccines, chimeric antigen-receptor T-cells, checkpoint inhibitors, and oncolytic virotherapy are showing promising results in clinical trials. The combination of different immunotherapeutic approaches is proving satisfactory and promising. In view of the challenges of immunotherapy and the resistance of glioblastomas, the treatment of these tumors requires further efforts. In this review, we explore the obstacles that potentially influence the efficacy of the response to immunotherapy and that should be taken into account in clinical trials. This article provides a comprehensive review of vaccine therapy for glioblastoma. In addition, we identify the main biomarkers, including isocitrate dehydrogenase, epidermal growth factor receptor, and telomerase reverse transcriptase, known as potential immunotherapeutic targets in glioblastoma, as well as the current status of clinical trials. This paper also lists proposed solutions to overcome the obstacles facing immunotherapy in glioblastomas."
4781,brain tumour,38931956,Derivatization of Hyaluronan to Target Neuroblastoma and Neuroglioma Expressing CD44.,"Therapeutics for actively targeting over-expressed receptors are of great interest because the majority of diseased tissues originate from normal cells and do not possess a unique receptor from which they can be differentiated. One such receptor is CD44, which has been shown to be highly overexpressed in many breast cancers and other types of cancer cells. While CD44 has been documented to express low levels in normal adult neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, this receptor may be overexpressed by neuroblastoma and neuroglioma. If differential expression exists between normal and cancerous cells, hyaluronan (HA) could be a useful carrier that targets carcinomas. Thus, HA was conjugated with resveratrol (HA-R), and its efficacy was tested on cortical-neuroblastoma hybrid, neuroblastoma, and neuroglioma cells. Confocal and flow cytometry showed these cells express CD44 and are able to bind and uptake HA-R. The toxicity of HA-R correlated well with CD44 expression in this study. Therefore, conjugating resveratrol and other chemotherapeutics to HA could minimize the side effects for normal cells within the brain and nervous system and could be a viable strategy for developing targeted therapies."
4782,brain tumour,38931949,Targeting Intracranial Tumours with a Combination of RNA and Chemotherapy.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a fast-growing and aggressive brain tumour, which remains largely resistant to treatment; the prognosis for patients is poor, with a median survival time of about 12-18 months, post diagnosis. In an effort to bring more efficacious treatments to patients, we targeted the down regulation of ITCH, an E3 ligase that is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, and which inhibits P73, a tumour suppressor gene. 6-O-glycolchitosan (GC) was used to deliver siRNA ITCH (GC60-siRNA-ITCH) and gemcitabine via the nose to brain route in CD-1 nude mice which had previously been implanted intracranially with U87-MG-luc2 cells. Prior to this in vivo study, an in vitro study established the synergistic effect of siRNA-ITCH in combination with a chemotherapy drug-gemcitabine. A downregulation of ITCH, an upregulation of p73 and enhanced apoptosis were observed in vitro in U87-MG cells, using qPCR, Western blot analysis, confocal laser scanning microscopy, flow cytometry and cytotoxicity assays. When GC60-siRNA-ITCH was combined with gemcitabine, there was a resultant decrease in cell proliferation in vitro. In CD1 mice, the administration of siRNA-ITCH (7 doses of 0.081 mg/kg) alone did not significantly affect animal survival (increasing mean survival from 29 to 33 days when compared to untreated animals), whereas intranasal gemcitabine had a significant effect on survival (increasing survival from 29 to 45 days when compared to untreated animals, "
4783,brain tumour,38931588,Study on an Automatic Classification Method for Determining the Malignancy Grade of Glioma Pathological Sections Based on Hyperspectral Multi-Scale Spatial-Spectral Fusion Features.,"This study describes a novel method for grading pathological sections of gliomas. Our own integrated hyperspectral imaging system was employed to characterize 270 bands of cancerous tissue samples from microarray slides of gliomas. These samples were then classified according to the guidelines developed by the World Health Organization, which define the subtypes and grades of diffuse gliomas. We explored a hyperspectral feature extraction model called SMLMER-ResNet using microscopic hyperspectral images of brain gliomas of different malignancy grades. The model combines the channel attention mechanism and multi-scale image features to automatically learn the pathological organization of gliomas and obtain hierarchical feature representations, effectively removing the interference of redundant information. It also completes multi-modal, multi-scale spatial-spectral feature extraction to improve the automatic classification of glioma subtypes. The proposed classification method demonstrated high average classification accuracy (>97.3%) and a Kappa coefficient (0.954), indicating its effectiveness in improving the automatic classification of hyperspectral gliomas. The method is readily applicable in a wide range of clinical settings, offering valuable assistance in alleviating the workload of clinical pathologists. Furthermore, the study contributes to the development of more personalized and refined treatment plans, as well as subsequent follow-up and treatment adjustment, by providing physicians with insights into the underlying pathological organization of gliomas."
4784,brain tumour,38931365,Barbaloin Protects Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Cognitive Deficits in Rodents via Modulation of Neurotransmitters and Inhibition of Oxidative-Free-Radicals-Led Inflammation.,"Epilepsy is defined by an excessive level of activity in the neurons and coordinated bursts of electrical activity, resulting in the occurrence of seizure episodes. The precise cause of epileptogenesis remains uncertain; nevertheless, the etiology of epilepsy may involve neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and malfunction of the neurotransmitter system."
4785,brain tumour,38931352,PET Imaging of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 with a Fluorine-18 Labeled Tryptophan Radiotracer.,"Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a neurocutaneous disorder. Plexiform neurofibromas (PNFs) are benign tumors commonly formed in patients with NF1. PNFs have a high incidence of developing into malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) with a 5-year survival rate of only 30%. Therefore, the accurate diagnosis and differentiation of MPNSTs from benign PNFs are critical to patient management. We studied a fluorine-18 labeled tryptophan positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer, 1-(2-["
4786,brain tumour,38931243,The Neuroprotective Effects of ,The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role during neuronal development as well as during differentiation and synaptogenesis. They are important proteins present in the brain that support neuronal health and protect the neurons from detrimental signals. The results from the present study suggest BDNF expression can be increase up to ~8-fold by treating the neuroblastoma cells SHSY-5Y with an herbal extract of 
4787,brain tumour,38930863,Temporin-GHaK Exhibits Antineoplastic Activity against Human Lung Adenocarcinoma by Inhibiting the Wnt Signaling Pathway through miRNA-4516.,"(1) Background: GHaK is derived from the antimicrobial peptide temporin-GHa by substituting the amino acid H with K to enhance its bactericidal activity. The present research aims to broaden the pharmacological potential of GHaK by exploring its antineoplastic activity against human lung adenocarcinoma. (2) Methods: The cell viability, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and cell cycle of A549 and PC-9 cells were tested after GHaK treatment. miRNA sequencing, RT-PCR, Western blotting, and luciferase reporter gene assay were further performed to reveal the potential mechanism. (3) Results: GHaK significantly suppressed cell viability, migration, and invasion; induced apoptosis; and caused cell cycle arrest in the G2/M and S phase in PC-9 and A549 cells, respectively. The miRNA sequencing results show a total of 161 up-regulated and 115 down-regulated miRNAs. Furthermore, the study identified six up-regulated miRNAs (miR-4516, miR-4284, miR-204-5p, miR-12136, miR-4463, and miR-1296-3p) and their inhibitory effects on the expressions of target genes (Wnt 8B, FZD2, DVL3, and FOSL1) caused by miR-4516 directly interacting with Wnt 8B. Western blotting revealed the down-regulation of p-GSK-3β, along with a decreased expressions of cyclin A1 and CDK2 in A549 cells and cyclin B1 and CDK1 in PC-9 cells. (4) Conclusions: Temporin-GHaK exhibits antineoplastic activity against human lung adenocarcinoma by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway through miRNA-4516."
4788,brain tumour,38930435,The Role of Bacteria in Central Nervous System Tumors: Opportunities and Challenges.,"Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are severe and refractory diseases with poor prognosis, especially for patients with malignant glioblastoma and brain metastases. Currently, numerous studies have explored the potential role of bacteria and intestinal flora in tumor development and treatment. Bacteria can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), targeting the hypoxic microenvironment at the core of tumors, thereby eliminating tumors and activating both the innate and adaptive immune responses, rendering them promising therapeutic agents for CNS tumors. In addition, engineered bacteria and derivatives, such as bacterial membrane proteins and bacterial spores, can also be used as good candidate carriers for targeted drug delivery. Moreover, the intestinal flora can regulate CNS tumor metabolism and influence the immune microenvironment through the ""gut-brain axis"". Therefore, bacterial anti-tumor therapy, engineered bacterial targeted drug delivery, and intervention of the intestinal flora provide therapeutic modalities for the treatment of CNS tumors. In this paper, we performed a comprehensive review of the mechanisms and therapeutic practices of bacterial therapy for CNS tumors and discussed potential future research directions in this field."
4789,brain tumour,38930121,The Role of CyberKnife Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Recurrent Cranial Medulloblastomas across Pediatric and Adult Populations.,
4790,brain tumour,38929990,Association between the Anatomical Location of Glioblastoma and Its Evaluation with Clinical Considerations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.,
4791,brain tumour,38929657,Overcoming Resistance to Temozolomide in Glioblastoma: A Scoping Review of Preclinical and Clinical Data.,"Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, with an overall survival almost 14.6 months. Optimal resection followed by combined temozolomide chemotherapy and radiotherapy, also known as Stupp protocol, remains the standard of treatment; nevertheless, resistance to temozolomide, which can be obtained throughout many molecular pathways, is still an unsurpassed obstacle. Several factors influence the efficacy of temozolomide, including the involvement of other DNA repair systems, aberrant signaling pathways, autophagy, epigenetic modifications, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicle production. The blood-brain barrier, which serves as both a physical and biochemical obstacle, the tumor microenvironment's pro-cancerogenic and immunosuppressive nature, and tumor-specific characteristics such as volume and antigen expression, are the subject of ongoing investigation. In this review, preclinical and clinical data about temozolomide resistance acquisition and possible ways to overcome chemoresistance, or to treat gliomas without restoration of chemosensitinity, are evaluated and presented. The objective is to offer a thorough examination of the clinically significant molecular mechanisms and their intricate interrelationships, with the aim of enhancing understanding to combat resistance to TMZ more effectively."
4792,brain tumour,38929566,Comparison of Navigated and Frame-Based Stereotactic Biopsy-A Single-Center Cohort Study.,
4793,brain tumour,38929549,Single-Center Experience in Microsurgical Resection of Acoustic Neurinomas and the Benefit of Microscope-Based Augmented Reality.,
4794,brain tumour,38928683,Predicting Tumor Dynamics Post-Staged GKRS: Machine Learning Models in Brain Metastases Prognosis.,"This study assesses the predictive performance of six machine learning models and a 1D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in forecasting tumor dynamics within three months following Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in 77 brain metastasis (BM) patients. The analysis meticulously evaluates each model before and after hyperparameter tuning, utilizing accuracy, AUC, and other metrics derived from confusion matrices. The CNN model showcased notable performance with an accuracy of 98% and an AUC of 0.97, effectively complementing the broader model analysis. Initial findings highlighted that XGBoost significantly outperformed other models with an accuracy of 0.95 and an AUC of 0.95 before tuning. Post-tuning, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) demonstrated the most substantial improvement, achieving an accuracy of 0.98 and an AUC of 0.98. Conversely, XGBoost showed a decline in performance after tuning, indicating potential overfitting. The study also explores feature importance across models, noting that features like ""control at one year"", ""age of the patient"", and ""beam-on time for volume V1 treated"" were consistently influential across various models, albeit their impacts were interpreted differently depending on the model's underlying mechanics. This comprehensive evaluation not only underscores the importance of model selection and hyperparameter tuning but also highlights the practical implications in medical diagnostic scenarios, where the accuracy of positive predictions can be crucial. Our research explores the effects of staged Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) on larger tumors, revealing no significant outcome differences across protocols. It uniquely considers the impact of beam-on time and fraction intervals on treatment efficacy. However, the investigation is limited by a small patient cohort and data from a single institution, suggesting the need for future multicenter research."
4795,brain tumour,38928672,GETNet: Group Normalization Shuffle and Enhanced Channel Self-Attention Network Based on VT-UNet for Brain Tumor Segmentation.,"Currently, brain tumors are extremely harmful and prevalent. Deep learning technologies, including CNNs, UNet, and Transformer, have been applied in brain tumor segmentation for many years and have achieved some success. However, traditional CNNs and UNet capture insufficient global information, and Transformer cannot provide sufficient local information. Fusing the global information from Transformer with the local information of convolutions is an important step toward improving brain tumor segmentation. We propose the Group Normalization Shuffle and Enhanced Channel Self-Attention Network (GETNet), a network combining the pure Transformer structure with convolution operations based on VT-UNet, which considers both global and local information. The network includes the proposed group normalization shuffle block (GNS) and enhanced channel self-attention block (ECSA). The GNS is used after the VT Encoder Block and before the downsampling block to improve information extraction. An ECSA module is added to the bottleneck layer to utilize the characteristics of the detailed features in the bottom layer effectively. We also conducted experiments on the BraTS2021 dataset to demonstrate the performance of our network. The Dice coefficient (Dice) score results show that the values for the regions of the whole tumor (WT), tumor core (TC), and enhancing tumor (ET) were 91.77, 86.03, and 83.64, respectively. The results show that the proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance compared with more than eleven benchmarks."
4796,brain tumour,38928651,"A Combination of Amide Proton Transfer, Tumor Blood Flow, and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Histogram Analysis Is Useful for Differentiating Malignant from Benign Intracranial Tumors in Young Patients: A Preliminary Study.","To evaluate the amide proton transfer (APT), tumor blood flow (TBF), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) combined diagnostic value for differentiating intracranial malignant tumors (MTs) from benign tumors (BTs) in young patients, as defined by the 2021 World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors."
4797,brain tumour,38928642,"Diffusion Tensor Imaging Identifies Cervical Spondylosis, Myelitis, and Spinal Cord Tumors.","Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been increasingly recognized for its capability to study microstructural changes in the neuropathology of brain diseases. However, the optimal DTI metric and its diagnostic utility for a variety of spinal cord diseases are still under investigation."
4798,brain tumour,38928571,Comparative Analysis on Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery with and without Intraoperative Fluorescein Sodium Enhancement.,"Vestibular schwannoma (VS), also known as acoustic neuroma, is a benign, well-encapsulated, and slow-growing tumor that originates from Schwann cells, which form the myelin sheath around the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII cranial nerve). The surgical treatment of this condition presents a challenging task for surgeons, as the tumor's location and size make it difficult to remove without causing damage to the surrounding structures. In recent years, fluorescein sodium (FS) has been proposed as a tool to enhance surgical outcomes in VS surgery. This essay will provide an analytical comparison of the use of FS in VS surgery, evaluating its benefits and limitations and comparing surgical outcomes with and without FS-assisted surgery."
4799,brain tumour,38928561,"A Comparative Analysis of the Novel Conditional Deep Convolutional Neural Network Model, Using Conditional Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network-Generated Synthetic and Augmented Brain Tumor Datasets for Image Classification.","Disease prediction is greatly challenged by the scarcity of datasets and privacy concerns associated with real medical data. An approach that stands out to circumvent this hurdle is the use of synthetic data generated using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). GANs can increase data volume while generating synthetic datasets that have no direct link to personal information. This study pioneers the use of GANs to create synthetic datasets and datasets augmented using traditional augmentation techniques for our binary classification task. The primary aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of our novel Conditional Deep Convolutional Neural Network (C-DCNN) model in classifying brain tumors by leveraging these augmented and synthetic datasets. We utilized advanced GAN models, including Conditional Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (DCGAN), to produce synthetic data that retained essential characteristics of the original datasets while ensuring privacy protection. Our C-DCNN model was trained on both augmented and synthetic datasets, and its performance was benchmarked against state-of-the-art models such as ResNet50, VGG16, VGG19, and InceptionV3. The evaluation metrics demonstrated that our C-DCNN model achieved accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores of 99% on both synthetic and augmented images, outperforming the comparative models. The findings of this study highlight the potential of using GAN-generated synthetic data in enhancing the training of machine learning models for medical image classification, particularly in scenarios with limited data available. This approach not only improves model accuracy but also addresses privacy concerns, making it a viable solution for real-world clinical applications in disease prediction and diagnosis."
4800,brain tumour,38928547,Low-Cost 3D Models for Cervical Spine Tumor Removal Training for Neurosurgery Residents.,"Spinal surgery, particularly for cervical pathologies such as myelopathy and radiculopathy, requires a blend of theoretical knowledge and practical skill. The complexity of these conditions, often necessitating surgical intervention, underscores the need for intricate understanding and precision in execution. Advancements in neurosurgical training, especially with the use of low-cost 3D models for simulating cervical spine tumor removal, are revolutionizing this field. These models provide the realistic and hands-on experience crucial for mastering complex neurosurgical techniques, filling gaps left by traditional educational methods."
4801,brain tumour,38928515,Evaluation of Microvascular Density in Glioblastomas in Relation to p53 and Ki67 Immunoexpression.,"Glioblastoma is the most aggressive tumor in the central nervous system, with a survival rate of less than 15 months despite multimodal therapy. Tumor recurrence frequently occurs after removal. Tumoral angiogenesis, the formation of neovessels, has a positive impact on tumor progression and invasion, although there are controversial results in the specialized literature regarding its impact on survival. This study aims to correlate the immunoexpression of angiogenesis markers (CD34, CD105) with the proliferation index Ki67 and "
4802,brain tumour,38928492,Proteomics Analysis of Proteotoxic Stress Response in In-Vitro Human Neuronal Models.,"Heat stroke, a hazardous hyperthermia-related illness, is characterized by CNS injury, particularly long-lasting brain damage. A root cause for hyperthermic neurological damage is heat-induced proteotoxic stress through protein aggregation, a known causative agent of neurological disorders. Stress magnitude and enduring persistence are highly correlated with hyperthermia-associated neurological damage. We used an untargeted proteomic approach using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify and characterize time-series proteome-wide changes in dose-responsive proteotoxic stress models in medulloblastoma [Daoy], neuroblastoma [SH-SY5Y], and differentiated SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells [SH(D)]. An integrated analysis of condition-time datasets identified global proteome-wide differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) as part of the heat-induced proteotoxic stress response. The condition-specific analysis detected higher DEPs and upregulated proteins in extreme heat stress with a relatively conservative and tight regulation in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells. Functional network analysis using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) identified common intercellular pathways associated with the biological processes of protein, RNA, and amino acid metabolism and cellular response to stress and membrane trafficking. The condition-wise temporal pathway analysis in the differentiated neuron-like cells detects a significant pathway, functional, and disease association of DEPs with processes like protein folding and protein synthesis, Nervous System Development and Function, and Neurological Disease. An elaborate dose-dependent stress-specific and neuroprotective cellular signaling cascade is also significantly activated. Thus, our study provides a comprehensive map of the heat-induced proteotoxic stress response associating proteome-wide changes with altered biological processes. This helps to expand our understanding of the molecular basis of the heat-induced proteotoxic stress response with potential translational connotations."
4803,brain tumour,38928445,Recurrent Glioblastoma-Molecular Underpinnings and Evolving Treatment Paradigms.,"Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal central nervous system malignancy with a median survival after progression of only 6-9 months. Major biochemical mechanisms implicated in glioblastoma recurrence include aberrant molecular pathways, a recurrence-inducing tumor microenvironment, and epigenetic modifications. Contemporary standard-of-care (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and tumor treating fields) helps to control the primary tumor but rarely prevents relapse. Cytoreductive treatment such as surgery has shown benefits in recurrent glioblastoma; however, its use remains controversial. Several innovative treatments are emerging for recurrent glioblastoma, including checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, nanoparticle delivery, laser interstitial thermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy. This review seeks to provide readers with an overview of (1) recent discoveries in the molecular basis of recurrence; (2) the role of surgery in treating recurrence; and (3) novel treatment paradigms emerging for recurrent glioblastoma."
4804,brain tumour,38928376,Electrophysiological Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Envelope Protein in U251 Human Glioblastoma Cells: Possible Implications in Gliomagenesis?,"SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, the acute respiratory disease which, so far, has led to over 7 million deaths. There are several symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections which include neurological and psychiatric disorders, at least in the case of pre-Omicron variants. SARS-CoV-2 infection can also promote the onset of glioblastoma in patients without prior malignancies. In this study, we focused on the Envelope protein codified by the virus genome, which acts as viroporin and that is reported to be central for virus propagation. In particular, we characterized the electrophysiological profile of E-protein transfected U251 and HEK293 cells through the patch-clamp technique and FURA-2 measurements. Specifically, we observed an increase in the voltage-dependent (Kv) and calcium-dependent (KCa) potassium currents in HEK293 and U251 cell lines, respectively. Interestingly, in both cellular models, we observed a depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential in accordance with an alteration of U251 cell growth. We, therefore, investigated the transcriptional effect of E protein on the signaling pathways and found several gene alterations associated with apoptosis, cytokines and WNT pathways. The electrophysiological and transcriptional changes observed after E protein expression could explain the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on gliomagenesis."
4805,brain tumour,38928260,Precision Medicine for Blood Glutamate Grabbing in Ischemic Stroke.,"Glutamate grabbers, such as glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), have been proposed to prevent excitotoxicity secondary to high glutamate levels in stroke patients. However, the efficacy of blood glutamate grabbing by GOT could be dependent on the extent and severity of the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Our purpose was to analyze the relationship between GOT and glutamate concentration with the patient's functional status differentially according to BBB serum markers (soluble tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) and leukoaraiosis based on neuroimaging). This retrospective observational study includes 906 ischemic stroke patients. We studied the presence of leukoaraiosis and the serum levels of glutamate, GOT, and sTWEAK in blood samples. Functional outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months. A significant negative correlation between GOT and glutamate levels at admission was shown in those patients with sTWEAK levels > 2900 pg/mL (Pearson's correlation coefficient: -0.249; "
4806,brain tumour,38928104,Blood Neurofilament Light Chain and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as Promising Screening Biomarkers for Brain Metastases in Patients with Lung Cancer.,"The diagnosis of brain metastases (BMs) in patients with lung cancer (LC) predominantly relies on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a method that is constrained by high costs and limited accessibility. This study explores the potential of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) as screening biomarkers for BMs in LC patients. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 700 LC cases at the National Cancer Center, Korea, from July 2020 to June 2022, measuring sNfL and sGFAP levels at initial LC diagnosis. The likelihood of BM was evaluated using multivariate analysis and a predictive nomogram. Additionally, we prospectively monitored 177 samples from 46 LC patients initially without BM. Patients with BMs ("
4807,brain tumour,38928021,Beyond Psychotropic: Potential Repurposing of Fluoxetine toward Cancer Therapy.,"Drug repurposing, rebranding an existing drug for a new therapeutic indication, is deemed a beneficial approach for a quick and cost-effective drug discovery process by skipping preclinical, Phase 1 trials and pharmacokinetic studies. Several psychotropic drugs, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), were studied for their potential application in different diseases, especially in cancer therapy. Fluoxetine (FLX) is one of the most prescribed psychotropic agents from the SSRIs class for the treatment of several neuropsychiatric disorders with a favorable safety profile. FLX exhibited different oncolytic effects via mechanisms distinct from its main serotonergic activity. Taking advantage of its ability to rapidly penetrate the blood-brain barrier, FLX could be particularly useful in brain tumors. This was proved by different in vitro and in vivo experiments using FLX as a monotherapy or combination with temozolomide (TMZ) or radiotherapy. In this review of the literature, we summarize the potential pleiotropic oncolytic roles of FLX against different cancers, highlighting the multifaceted activities of FLX and its ability to interrupt cancer proliferation via several molecular mechanisms and even surmount multidrug resistance (MDR). We elaborated on the successful synergistic combinations such as FXR/temozolomide and FXR/raloxifene for the treatment of glioblastoma and breast cancer, respectively. We showcased beneficial pharmaceutical trials to load FLX onto carriers to enhance its safety and efficacy on cancer cells. This is the first review article extensively summarizing all previous FLX repurposing studies for the management of cancer."
4808,brain tumour,38927977,Predictive and Prognostic Factors in Melanoma Central Nervous System Metastases-A Cohort Study.,"Melanoma is the cancer with the highest risk of dissemination to the central nervous system (CNS), one of the leading causes of mortality from this cancer."
4809,brain tumour,38927954,Overcoming Treatment Resistance in Medulloblastoma: Underlying Mechanisms and Potential Strategies.,"Medulloblastoma is the most frequently encountered malignant brain tumor in the pediatric population. The standard of care currently consists of surgical resection, craniospinal irradiation, and multi-agent chemotherapy. However, despite this combination of multiple aggressive modalities, recurrence of the disease remains a substantial concern, and treatment resistance is a rising issue. The development of this resistance results from the interplay of a myriad of anatomical properties, cellular processes, molecular pathways, and genetic and epigenetic alterations. In fact, several efforts have been directed towards this domain and characterizing the major contributors to this resistance. Herein, this review highlights the different mechanisms that drive relapse and are implicated in the occurrence of treatment resistance and discusses them in the context of the latest molecular-based classification of medulloblastoma. These mechanisms include the impermeability of the blood-brain barrier to drugs, the overactivation of specific molecular pathways, the resistant and multipotent nature of cancer stem cells, intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity, and metabolic plasticity. Subsequently, we build on that to explore potential strategies and targeted agents that can abrogate these mechanisms, undermine the development of treatment resistance, and augment medulloblastoma's response to therapeutic modalities."
4810,brain tumour,38927953,A Radiomic Approach for Evaluating Intra-Subgroup Heterogeneity in SHH and Group 4 Pediatric Medulloblastoma: A Preliminary Multi-Institutional Study.,"Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent malignant brain tumor in children with extensive heterogeneity that results in varied clinical outcomes. Recently, MB was categorized into four molecular subgroups, WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4. While SHH and Group 4 are known for their intermediate prognosis, studies have reported wide disparities in patient outcomes within these subgroups. This study aims to create a radiomic prognostic signature, medulloblastoma radiomics risk (mRRisk), to identify the risk levels within the SHH and Group 4 subgroups, individually, for reliable risk stratification. Our hypothesis is that this signature can comprehensively capture tumor characteristics that enable the accurate identification of the risk level. In total, 70 MB studies (48 Group 4, and 22 SHH) were retrospectively curated from three institutions. For each subgroup, 232 hand-crafted features that capture the entropy, surface changes, and contour characteristics of the tumor were extracted. Features were concatenated and fed into regression models for risk stratification. Contrasted with Chang stratification that did not yield any significant differences within subgroups, significant differences were observed between two risk groups in Group 4 ("
4811,brain tumour,38927947,Does 5-ALA Fluorescence Microscopy Improve Complete Resectability in Cerebral/Cerebellar Metastatic Surgery? A Retrospective Data Analysis from a Cranial Center.,"(1) Background: In this study, the intraoperative fluorescence behavior of brain metastases after the administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) was analyzed. The aim was to investigate whether the resection of brain metastases using 5-ALA fluorescence also leads to a more complete resections and thus to a prolongation of survival; (2) Methods: The following variables have been considered: age, sex, number of metastases, localization, involvement of eloquent area, correlation between fluorescence and primary tumor/subtype, resection, and survival time. The influence on the degree of resection was determined with a control MRI within the first three postoperative days; (3) Results: Brain metastases fluoresced in 57.5% of cases. The highest fluorescence rates of 73.3% were found in breast carcinoma metastases and the histologic subtype adenocarcinoma (68.1%). No correlation between fluorescence behavior and localization, primary tumor, or histological subtype was found. Complete resection was detected in 82.5%, of which 56.1% were fluorescence positive. There was a trend towards improved resectability (increase of 12.1%) and a significantly longer survival time ("
4812,brain tumour,38927924,Risk of Tumor Progression after Microsurgery for Parasellar Meningioma Invading the Cavernous Sinus.,"Parasellar meningiomas, which may invade the cavernous sinus, pose a significant challenge to neurosurgeons due to the high risk of postoperative neurological deficits associated with aggressive resection of the intracavernous part of the tumour. Therefore, subtotal tumour removal followed by observation or radiotherapy for the residual meningioma in the cavernous sinus is recommended. This retrospective study aimed to identify prognostic factors influencing recurrence and progression-free survival (PFS) in parasellar meningiomas invading the cavernous sinus after incomplete surgical treatment."
4813,brain tumour,38927917,Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling as a Prognostic Marker in Pituitary Adenomas-A Pilot Study.,"The prediction of the regrowth potential of pituitary adenomas after surgery is challenging. The genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of pituitary adenomas may separate adenomas into distinct methylation classes corresponding to histology-based subtypes. Specific genes and differentially methylated probes involving regrowth have been proposed, but no study has linked this epigenetic variance with regrowth potential and the clinical heterogeneity of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. This study aimed to investigate whether DNA methylation profiling can be useful as a clinical prognostic marker."
4814,brain tumour,38927891,Recommendations for the Management of Patients with Hairy-Cell Leukemia and Hairy-Cell Leukemia-like Disorders: A Work by French-Speaking Experts and French Innovative Leukemia Organization (FILO) Group.,"Hairy-cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorder (B-CLPD), whose favorable prognosis has changed with the use of purine nucleoside analogs (PNAs), such as cladribine (CDA) or pentostatin (P). However, some patients eventually relapse and over time HCL becomes resistant to chemotherapy. Many discoveries have been made in the pathophysiology of HCL during the last decade, especially in genomics, with the identification of the BRAF"
4815,brain tumour,38927863,Enhancing Automated Brain Tumor Detection Accuracy Using Artificial Intelligence Approaches for Healthcare Environments.,"Medical imaging and deep learning models are essential to the early identification and diagnosis of brain cancers, facilitating timely intervention and improving patient outcomes. This research paper investigates the integration of YOLOv5, a state-of-the-art object detection framework, with non-local neural networks (NLNNs) to improve brain tumor detection's robustness and accuracy. This study begins by curating a comprehensive dataset comprising brain MRI scans from various sources. To facilitate effective fusion, the YOLOv5 and NLNNs, K-means+, and spatial pyramid pooling fast+ (SPPF+) modules are integrated within a unified framework. The brain tumor dataset is used to refine the YOLOv5 model through the application of transfer learning techniques, adapting it specifically to the task of tumor detection. The results indicate that the combination of YOLOv5 and other modules results in enhanced detection capabilities in comparison to the utilization of YOLOv5 exclusively, proving recall rates of 86% and 83% respectively. Moreover, the research explores the interpretability aspect of the combined model. By visualizing the attention maps generated by the NLNNs module, the regions of interest associated with tumor presence are highlighted, aiding in the understanding and validation of the decision-making procedure of the methodology. Additionally, the impact of hyperparameters, such as NLNNs kernel size, fusion strategy, and training data augmentation, is investigated to optimize the performance of the combined model."
4816,brain tumour,38927654,Radiogenomics-Based Risk Prediction of Glioblastoma Multiforme with Clinical Relevance.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. Although temozolomide (TMZ)-based radiochemotherapy improves overall GBM patients' survival, it also increases the frequency of false positive post-treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments for tumor progression. Pseudo-progression (PsP) is a treatment-related reaction with an increased contrast-enhancing lesion size at the tumor site or resection margins miming tumor recurrence on MRI. The accurate and reliable prognostication of GBM progression is urgently needed in the clinical management of GBM patients. Clinical data analysis indicates that the patients with PsP had superior overall and progression-free survival rates. In this study, we aimed to develop a prognostic model to evaluate the tumor progression potential of GBM patients following standard therapies. We applied a dictionary learning scheme to obtain imaging features of GBM patients with PsP or true tumor progression (TTP) from the Wake dataset. Based on these radiographic features, we conducted a radiogenomics analysis to identify the significantly associated genes. These significantly associated genes were used as features to construct a 2YS (2-year survival rate) logistic regression model. GBM patients were classified into low- and high-survival risk groups based on the individual 2YS scores derived from this model. We tested our model using an independent The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) dataset and found that 2YS scores were significantly associated with the patient's overall survival. We used two cohorts of the TCGA data to train and test our model. Our results show that the 2YS scores-based classification results from the training and testing TCGA datasets were significantly associated with the overall survival of patients. We also analyzed the survival prediction ability of other clinical factors (gender, age, KPS (Karnofsky performance status), normal cell ratio) and found that these factors were unrelated or weakly correlated with patients' survival. Overall, our studies have demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of the 2YS model in predicting the clinical outcomes of GBM patients after standard therapies."
4817,brain tumour,38927583,Revolutionizing Brain Tumor Care: Emerging Technologies and Strategies.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive forms of brain tumor, characterized by a daunting prognosis with a life expectancy hovering around 12-16 months. Despite a century of relentless research, only a select few drugs have received approval for brain tumor treatment, largely due to the formidable barrier posed by the blood-brain barrier. The current standard of care involves a multifaceted approach combining surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy. However, recurrence often occurs within months despite these interventions. The formidable challenges of drug delivery to the brain and overcoming therapeutic resistance have become focal points in the treatment of brain tumors and are deemed essential to overcoming tumor recurrence. In recent years, a promising wave of advanced treatments has emerged, offering a glimpse of hope to overcome the limitations of existing therapies. This review aims to highlight cutting-edge technologies in the current and ongoing stages of development, providing patients with valuable insights to guide their choices in brain tumor treatment."
4818,brain tumour,38927556,The 2021 World Health Organization Central Nervous System Tumor Classification: The Spectrum of Diffuse Gliomas.,"The 2021 edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumors introduces significant revisions across various tumor types. These updates, encompassing changes in diagnostic techniques, genomic integration, terminology, and grading, are crucial for radiologists, who play a critical role in interpreting brain tumor imaging. Such changes impact the diagnosis and management of nearly all central nervous system tumor categories, including the reclassification, addition, and removal of specific tumor entities. Given their pivotal role in patient care, radiologists must remain conversant with these revisions to effectively contribute to multidisciplinary tumor boards and collaborate with peers in neuro-oncology, neurosurgery, radiation oncology, and neuropathology. This knowledge is essential not only for accurate diagnosis and staging, but also for understanding the molecular and genetic underpinnings of tumors, which can influence treatment decisions and prognostication. This review, therefore, focuses on the most pertinent updates concerning the classification of adult diffuse gliomas, highlighting the aspects most relevant to radiological practice. Emphasis is placed on the implications of new genetic information on tumor behavior and imaging findings, providing necessary tools to stay abreast of advancements in the field. This comprehensive overview aims to enhance the radiologist's ability to integrate new WHO classification criteria into everyday practice, ultimately improving patient outcomes through informed and precise imaging assessments."
4819,brain tumour,38927304,The Landscape of Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas: The Virtues and Pitfalls of Pre-Clinical Models.,"Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) are malignant and usually fatal central nervous system (CNS) WHO Grade 4 tumors. The majority of pHGG consist of diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), H3.3 or H3.1 K27 altered, or diffuse hemispheric gliomas (DHG) (H3.3 G34-mutant). Due to diffuse tumor infiltration of eloquent brain areas, especially for DMG, surgery has often been limited and chemotherapy has not been effective, leaving fractionated radiation to the involved field as the current standard of care. pHGG has only been classified as molecularly distinct from adult HGG since 2012 through Next-Generation sequencing approaches, which have shown pHGG to be epigenetically regulated and specific tumor sub-types to be representative of dysregulated differentiating cells. To translate discovery research into novel therapies, improved pre-clinical models that more adequately represent the tumor biology of pHGG are required. This review will summarize the molecular characteristics of different pHGG sub-types, with a specific focus on histone K27M mutations and the dysregulated gene expression profiles arising from these mutations. Current and emerging pre-clinical models for pHGG will be discussed, including commonly used patient-derived cell lines and in vivo modeling techniques, encompassing patient-derived xenograft murine models and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). Lastly, emerging techniques to model CNS tumors within a human brain environment using brain organoids through co-culture will be explored. As models that more reliably represent pHGG continue to be developed, targetable biological and genetic vulnerabilities in the disease will be more rapidly identified, leading to better treatments and improved clinical outcomes."
4820,brain tumour,38926959,[Clinical Features and Prognostic of Patients with Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma].,To explore the clinical features and prognosis of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma（PCNSL）.
4821,brain tumour,38926880,"Diffuse glioneuronal tumor with oligodendroglioma-like features and nuclear clusters (DGONC), new name and new problems: an illustration of one case with atypical morphology and biology.","A novel histomolecular tumor of the central nervous system (CNS), the ""diffuse glioneuronal tumor with oligodendroglioma-like features and nuclear clusters (DGONC),"" has recently been identified, based on a distinct DNA methylation profile and has been added to the 2021 World Health Organization Classification of CNS Tumors. This glioneuronal tumor mainly affects the supratentorial area in children and recurrently presents with a monosomy of chromosome 14. Herein, we report the case of a DNA-methylation based diagnosis of DGONC having atypical features, such as pseudo-rosettes and the absence of a chromosome 14 monosomy, thus rendering its diagnosis very challenging. Because of the wide variety of morphologies harbored by DGONC, a large range of differential diagnoses may be hypothesized from benign to malignant. Interestingly, the current case, like one previously reported, exhibited a co-expression of OLIG2, synaptophysin and SOX10, without GFAP immunopositivity. This particular immunophenotype seems to be a good indicator for a DGONC diagnosis. The classification of DGONC amongst glioneuronal or embryonal tumors is still debated. The clinical (a pediatric supratentorial tumor), morphological (from a benign oligodendroglioma-like tumor with microcalcifications and possible neuropil-like islands to a malignant embryonal tumor with a possible spongioblastic pattern), and immunohistochemical (co-expression of OLIG2 and synaptophsyin) profiles resemble CNS, neuroblastoma, FOXR2-activated and may potentially bring them together in a future classification. Further comprehensive studies are needed to conclude the cellular origin of DGONC and its prognosis."
4822,brain tumour,38926805,"Atrx loss as a promising screening tool for the identification of diffuse midline glioma subtype, H3K27/MAPKinase co-altered.",No abstract found
4823,brain tumour,38926750,Pediatric central nervous system tumor with CIC::LEUTX fusion: a diagnostic challenge.,No abstract found
4824,brain tumour,38926605,"Stemness subtypes in lower-grade glioma with prognostic biomarkers, tumor microenvironment, and treatment response.","Our research endeavors are directed towards unraveling the stem cell characteristics of lower-grade glioma patients, with the ultimate goal of formulating personalized treatment strategies. We computed enrichment stemness scores and performed consensus clustering to categorize phenotypes. Subsequently, we constructed a prognostic risk model using weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA), random survival forest regression analysis as well as full subset regression analysis. To validate the expression differences of key genes, we employed experimental methods such as quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and assessed cell line proliferation, migration, and invasion. Three subtypes were assigned to patients diagnosed with LGG. Notably, Cluster 2 (C2), exhibiting the poorest survival outcomes, manifested characteristics indicative of the subtype characterized by immunosuppression. This was marked by elevated levels of M1 macrophages, activated mast cells, along with higher immune and stromal scores. Four hub genes-CDCA8, ORC1, DLGAP5, and SMC4-were identified and validated through cell experiments and qPCR. Subsequently, these validated genes were utilized to construct a stemness risk signature. Which revealed that Lower-Grade Glioma (LGG) patients with lower scores were more inclined to demonstrate favorable responses to immune therapy. Our study illuminates the stemness characteristics of gliomas, which lays the foundation for developing therapeutic approaches targeting CSCs and enhancing the efficacy of current immunotherapies. By identifying the stemness subtype and its correlation with prognosis and TME patterns in glioma patients, we aim to advance the development of personalized treatments, enhancing the ability to predict and improve overall patient prognosis."
4825,brain tumour,38926596,Anti-angiogenesis and anti-immunosuppression gene therapy through targeting COUP-TFII in an in situ glioblastoma mouse model.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer; angiogenesis and immunosuppression exacerbate GBM progression. COUP-TFII demonstrates pro-angiogenesis activity; however, its role in glioma progression remains unclear. This study revealed that COUP-TFII promotes angiogenesis in gliomas by inducing transdifferentiation of glioma cells into endothelial-like cells. Mechanistic investigation suggested that COUP-TFII as a transcription factor exerts its function via binding to the promoter of TXNIP. Interestingly, COUP-TFII knockdown attenuated tumorigenesis and tumor progression in an immunocompetent mouse model but promoted tumor progression in an immuno-deficient mouse model. As an explanation, repression of COUP-TFII induces cellular senescence and activates immune surveillance in glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we used heparin-polyethyleneimine (HPEI) nanoparticles to deliver COUP-TFII shRNA, which regulated tumor angiogenesis and immunosuppression in an in situ GBM mouse model. This study provides a novel strategy and potential therapeutic targets to treat GBM."
4826,brain tumour,38926506,Loss of Kmt2c or Kmt2d drives brain metastasis via KDM6A-dependent upregulation of MMP3.,"KMT2C and KMT2D, encoding histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferases, are among the most commonly mutated genes in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, how these mutations may shape epigenomic and transcriptomic landscapes to promote tumorigenesis is largely unknown. Here we describe that deletion of Kmt2c or Kmt2d in non-metastatic murine models of TNBC drives metastasis, especially to the brain. Global chromatin profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing revealed altered H3K4me1, H3K27ac and H3K27me3 chromatin marks in knockout cells and demonstrated enhanced binding of the H3K27me3 lysine demethylase KDM6A, which significantly correlated with gene expression. We identified Mmp3 as being commonly upregulated via epigenetic mechanisms in both knockout models. Consistent with these findings, samples from patients with KMT2C-mutant TNBC have higher MMP3 levels. Downregulation or pharmacological inhibition of KDM6A diminished Mmp3 upregulation induced by the loss of histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (KMT2) and prevented brain metastasis similar to direct downregulation of Mmp3. Taken together, we identified the KDM6A-matrix metalloproteinase 3 axis as a key mediator of KMT2C/D loss-driven metastasis in TNBC."
4827,brain tumour,38926453,"Assessment of neuro-pulmonary crosstalk in asthmatic mice: effects of DiNP exposure on cellular respiration, mitochondrial oxidative status and apoptotic signaling.","Human health is becoming concerned about exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) emanating from plastic, such as phthalates, which are industrially employed as plasticizers in the manufacturing of plastic products. Due to some toxicity concerns, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was replaced by diisononyl phthalate (DiNP). Recent data, however, highlights the potential of DiNP to interfere with the endocrine system and influence allergic responses. Asthma affects brain function through hypoxia, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and sleep disturbances and its effective management is crucial for maintaining respiratory and brain health. Therefore, in DiNP-induced asthmatic mice, this study investigated possible crosstalk between the lungs and the brain inducing perturbations in neural mitochondrial antioxidant status, inflammation biomarkers, energy metabolizing enzymes, and apoptotic indicators. To achieve this, twelve (n = 12, 20-30 g) male BALB/c mice were divided into two (2) experimental groups, each with five (6) mice. Mice in group II were subjected to 50 mg/kg body weight (BW) DiNP (Intraperitoneal and intranasal), while group I served as the control group for 24 days. The effects of DiNP on neural energy metabolizing enzymes (Hexokinase, Aldolase, NADase, Lactate dehydrogenase, Complex I, II, II & IV), biomarkers of inflammation (Nitric oxide, Myeloperoxidase), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde), antioxidants (catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, and reduced glutathione), oncogenic and apoptotic factors (p53, K-ras, Bcl, etc.), and brain histopathology were investigated. DiNP-induced asthmatic mice have significantly (p < 0.05) altered neural energy metabolizing capacities due to disruption of activities of enzymes of glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation. Other responses include significant inflammation, oxidative distress, decreased antioxidant status, altered oncogenic-apoptotic factors level and neural degeneration (as shown in hematoxylin and eosin-stained brain sections) relative to control. Current findings suggest that neural histoarchitecture, energy metabolizing potentials, inflammation, oncogenic and apoptotic factors, and mitochondrial antioxidant status may be impaired and altered in DiNP-induced asthmatic mice suggesting a pivotal crosstalk between the two intricate organs (lungs and brain)."
4828,brain tumour,38926169,Pediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas.,"The World Health Organization's 5th edition classification of Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors differentiates diffuse gliomas into adult and pediatric variants. Pediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas (pDLGGs) are distinct from adult gliomas in their molecular characteristics, biological behavior, clinical progression, and prognosis. Various molecular alterations identified in pDLGGs are crucial for treatment. There are four distinct entities of pDLGGs. All four of these tumor subtypes exhibit diffuse growth and share overlapping histopathological and imaging characteristics. Molecular analysis is essential for differentiating these lesions."
4829,brain tumour,38926092,A Neuroradiologist's Guide to Operationalizing the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) Criteria Version 2.0 for Gliomas in Adults.,"Radiographic assessment plays a crucial role in the management of patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumors, aiding in treatment planning and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy by quantifying response. Recently, an updated version of the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria (RANO 2.0) was developed to improve upon prior criteria and provide an updated, standardized framework for assessing treatment response in clinical trials for gliomas in adults. This article provides an overview of significant updates to the criteria including (1) the use of a unified set of criteria for high and low grade gliomas in adults; (2) the use of the post-radiotherapy MRI scan as the baseline for evaluation in newly diagnosed high-grade gliomas; (3) the option for the trial to mandate a confirmation scan to more reliably distinguish pseudoprogression from tumor progression; (4) the option of using volumetric tumor measurements; and (5) the removal of subjective non-enhancing tumor evaluations in predominantly enhancing gliomas (except for specific therapeutic modalities). Step-by-step pragmatic guidance is hereby provided for the neuroradiologist and imaging core lab involved in operationalization and technical execution of RANO 2.0 in clinical trials, including the display of representative cases and in-depth discussion of challenging scenarios."
4830,brain tumour,38926022,[First-line immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer diagnosed with brain metastases].,"Up to 30% patients newly diagnosed with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) present with brain metastases. In the absence of oncogenic addiction, first-line immunotherapy, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, is the current standard of care. This review aims to synthesize the available data regarding the efficacy of immunotherapy in these patients, and to discuss the possibility of its being coordinated with local treatments such as radiotherapy."
4831,brain tumour,38925840,Higher YAP1 Levels Are Associated With Shorter Survival of Patients With Low Grade Astrocytoma.,Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most lethal types of brain cancer with a median survival of only 12 months due to its aggressiveness and lack of effective treatment options. Astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas are classified as low-grade gliomas (LGG) and have the potential to progress into secondary GBM. YAP1 and TAZ are transcriptional co-activators of the hippo pathway and play an important role in tumorigenesis by controlling cell proliferation and differentiation. The aim of this study was to analyze whether YAP1 and TAZ influence the survival in patients with astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma.
4832,brain tumour,38925836,Prognostic Factors for Progression-free Survival and Overall Survival After Recurrence of Glioblastoma.,Many patients with glioblastoma experience an intracerebral recurrence and require a personalized treatment. This study aimed to facilitate this approach by identifying prognostic factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
4833,brain tumour,38925834,Effects of Lomerizine and Its Metabolite on Glioblastoma Cells.,"Glioblastoma is an incurable cancer with limited treatment options and a low survival rate. Temozolomide is the standard marketed small-molecule agent for glioblastoma therapy; therefore, we aimed to find new drugs among the marketed medicines for brain diseases because of their cerebral migratory property and found lomerizine, used for the treatment of migraine."
4834,brain tumour,38925823,Comparative Study on the Clinicopathologic and Molecular Characteristics of Primary and Secondary Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma in the Central Nervous System.,"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS-DLBCL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma with clinical and molecular heterogeneity. Primary CNS-DLBCL (PCNSL) affects the brain, eyes, leptomeninges, or spinal cord without systemic involvement. Secondary CNS-DLBCL (SCNSL) manifests concurrently with systemic lymphoma or as an isolated CNS relapse with poor prognosis."
4835,brain tumour,38925767,Unlocking the Power of Connectomes for Image-Guided Cranial Interventions.,No abstract found
4836,brain tumour,38925414,Neutrophil immune profile guides spinal cord regeneration in zebrafish.,"Spinal cord injury triggers a strong innate inflammatory response in both non-regenerative mammals and regenerative zebrafish. Neutrophils are the first immune population to be recruited to the injury site. Yet, their role in the repair process, particularly in a regenerative context, remains largely unknown. Here, we show that, following rapid recruitment to the injured spinal cord, neutrophils mostly reverse migrate throughout the zebrafish body. In addition, promoting neutrophil inflammation resolution by inhibiting Cxcr4 boosts cellular and functional regeneration. Neutrophil-specific RNA-seq analysis reveals an enhanced activation state that correlates with a transient increase in tnf-α expression in macrophage/microglia populations. Conversely, blocking neutrophil recruitment through Cxcr1/2 inhibition diminishes the presence of macrophage/microglia at the injury site and impairs spinal cord regeneration. Altogether, these findings provide new insights into the role of neutrophils in spinal cord regeneration, emphasizing the significant impact of their immune profile on the outcome of the repair process."
4837,brain tumour,38925263,External validation of the lung-molGPA to predict survival in patients treated with stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases of non-small cell lung cancer.,"In the era of personalized medicine, individualized prognostic models with tumor characteristics are needed to inform patients about survival. Before clinical use, external validation of such models by an independent group is needed. An updated version of the graded prognostic assessment (GPA) estimates survival in patients with brain metastases (BMs) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This is the first external validation of the updated Lung-molGPA in patients treated with stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for one or more BMs."
4838,brain tumour,38925244,Workforce Challenges for the Neurosurgical Care of Brain Tumors in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review.,"Limited neurosurgical workforces remain one of the critical problems experienced in low resource settings. Therefore, our study aims to explore and summarize the key challenges to neurosurgical care of brain tumors in terms of workforce in LMICs. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar from inception to October 20, 2022. All extracted data were screened independently by 2 reviewers and thematically analyzed. We found and screened 3764 articles, of which 33 studies were included in our final analysis as per our inclusion criteria. Among the studies included, 33% highlighted the limited number of neurosurgeons, 39% emphasized the absence of specialized surgical teams, 7% pointed out a shortage of nursing staff, and 4% noted suboptimal anesthesia teams. The study uncovered the need for improved training programs in neuro-oncology (32%) and neuro-anesthesia (3%), as well as improved collaboration (32%), and multidisciplinary team structures (15%), are essential for tackling these workforce challenges and improving patient outcomes. It is crucial to implement targeted interventions and policy changes to address the barriers to the workforce in providing effective neurosurgical care to patients with brain tumors in developing countries. This might entail capacity building and training programs for healthcare professionals. Policymakers should consider allocating resources and funding for workforce development and making neurosurgical care a priority in healthcare plans."
4839,brain tumour,38925197,"A Tween-80 modified hypoxia/esterase dual stimulus-activated nanomicelle as a delivery platform for carmustine - Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation.","As a clinical anti-glioma agent, the therapeutic effect of carmustine (BCNU) was largely decreased because of the drug resistance mediated by O"
4840,brain tumour,38925087,Comprehensive benchmarking of CNN-based tumor segmentation methods using multimodal MRI data.,"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an essential and a frontline technique in the detection of brain tumor. However, segmenting tumors manually from scans is laborious and time-consuming. This has led to an increasing trend towards fully automated methods for precise tumor segmentation in MRI scans. Accurate tumor segmentation is crucial for improved diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. This study benchmarks and evaluates four widely used CNN-based methods for brain tumor segmentation CaPTk, 2DVNet, EnsembleUNets, and ResNet50. Using 1251 multimodal MRI scans from the BraTS2021 dataset, we compared the performance of these methods against a reference dataset of segmented images assisted by radiologists. This comparison was conducted using segmented images directly and further by radiomic features extracted from the segmented images using pyRadiomics. Performance was assessed using the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff Distance (HD). EnsembleUNets excelled, achieving a DSC of 0.93 and an HD of 18, outperforming the other methods. Further comparative analysis of radiomic features confirmed EnsembleUNets as the most precise segmentation method, surpassing other methods. EnsembleUNets recorded a Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) of 0.79, a Total Deviation Index (TDI) of 1.14, and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.53, underscoring its superior performance. We also performed validation on an independent dataset of 611 samples (UPENN-GBM), which further supported the accuracy of EnsembleUNets, with a DSC of 0.85 and an HD of 17.5. These findings provide valuable insight into the efficacy of EnsembleUNets, supporting informed decisions for accurate brain tumor segmentation."
4841,brain tumour,38925084,Exhaustive in vitro evaluation of the 9-drug cocktail CUSP9 for treatment of glioblastoma.,"The CUSP9 protocol is a polypharmaceutical strategy aiming at addressing the complexity of glioblastoma by targeting multiple pathways. Although the rationale for this 9-drug cocktail is well-supported by theoretical and in vitro data, its effectiveness compared to its 511 possible subsets has not been comprehensively evaluated. Such an analysis could reveal if fewer drugs could achieve similar or better outcomes. We conducted an exhaustive in vitro evaluation of the CUSP9 protocol using COMBImageDL, our specialized framework for testing higher-order drug combinations. This study assessed all 511 subsets of the CUSP9v3 protocol, in combination with temozolomide, on two clonal cultures of glioma-initiating cells derived from patient samples. The drugs were used at fixed, clinically relevant concentrations, and the experiment was performed in quadruplicate with endpoint cell viability and live-cell imaging readouts. Our results showed that several lower-order drug combinations produced effects equivalent to the full CUSP9 cocktail, indicating potential for simplified regimens in personalized therapy. Further validation through in vivo and precision medicine testing is required. Notably, a subset of four drugs (auranofin, disulfiram, itraconazole, sertraline) was particularly effective, reducing cell growth, altering cell morphology, increasing apoptotic-like cells within 4-28 h, and significantly decreasing cell viability after 68 h compared to untreated cells. This study underscores the importance and feasibility of comprehensive in vitro evaluations of complex drug combinations on patient-derived tumor cells, serving as a critical step toward (pre-)clinical development."
4842,brain tumour,38924997,Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 suppresses TMZ chemosensitivity in acquired TMZ-resistant gliomas by increasing assembly of ABCB1 on the membrane.,"Despite aggressive treatment, the recurrence of glioma is an inevitable occurrence, leading to unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. A plausible explanation for this phenomenon is the phenotypic alterations that glioma cells undergo aggressive therapies, such as TMZ-therapy. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these changes are not well understood."
4843,brain tumour,38924927,Gomisin N rescues cognitive impairment of Alzheimer's disease by targeting GSK3β and activating Nrf2 signaling pathway.,"Oxidative stress is one of the earlier events causing neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Gomisin N (GN), a lignin isolated from Schisandra chinensis, has anti-oxidative stress effects. There are currently no studies on the neuroprotective potential of GN in AD. In this study, two AD models were treated with GN for 8 weeks. The cognitive functions, amyloid deposition, and neuronal death were assessed. Additionally, the expressions of critical proteins in the GSK3β/Nrf2 signaling pathway were determined in vivo and in vitro. We showed that GN significantly upregulated the expressions of Nrf2, p-GSK3β"
4844,brain tumour,38924776,Ultrasound-Based Micro-/Nanosystems for Biomedical Applications.,"Due to the intrinsic non-invasive nature, cost-effectiveness, high safety, and real-time capabilities, besides diagnostic imaging, ultrasound as a typical mechanical wave has been extensively developed as a physical tool for versatile biomedical applications. Especially, the prosperity of nanotechnology and nanomedicine invigorates the landscape of ultrasound-based medicine. The unprecedented surge in research enthusiasm and dedicated efforts have led to a mass of multifunctional micro-/nanosystems being applied in ultrasound biomedicine, facilitating precise diagnosis, effective treatment, and personalized theranostics. The effective deployment of versatile ultrasound-based micro-/nanosystems in biomedical applications is rooted in a profound understanding of the relationship among composition, structure, property, bioactivity, application, and performance. In this comprehensive review, we elaborate on the general principles regarding the design, synthesis, functionalization, and optimization of ultrasound-based micro-/nanosystems for abundant biomedical applications. In particular, recent advancements in ultrasound-based micro-/nanosystems for diagnostic imaging are meticulously summarized. Furthermore, we systematically elucidate state-of-the-art studies concerning recent progress in ultrasound-based micro-/nanosystems for therapeutic applications targeting various pathological abnormalities including cancer, bacterial infection, brain diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic diseases. Finally, we conclude and provide an outlook on this research field with an in-depth discussion of the challenges faced and future developments for further extensive clinical translation and application."
4845,brain tumour,38924746,Infusion of CARv3-TEAM-E T Cells in Glioblastoma. Reply.,No abstract found
4846,brain tumour,38924745,Infusion of CARv3-TEAM-E T Cells in Glioblastoma.,No abstract found
4847,brain tumour,38924710,Improving Clinical Registry Data Quality via Linkage With Survival Data From State-Based Population Registries.,"Real-world data (RWD) collected on patients treated as part of routine clinical care form the basis of cancer clinical registries. Capturing accurate death data can be challenging, with inaccurate survival data potentially compromising the integrity of registry-based research. Here, we explore the utility of data linkage (DL) to state-based registries to enhance the capture of survival outcomes."
4848,brain tumour,38924375,Successful intracranial response of lorlatinib after resistance with alectinib and brigatinib in patients with ALK-positive lung adenocarcinoma: Implications of CNS penetration rate of brigatinib.,"We present the case of a 34-year-old Japanese man with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small cell lung cancer and brain metastases. After central nervous system (CNS) disease progression with alecintib and brigatinib, treatment with lorlatinib resulted in a good intracranial response. In this case, we investigated brain penetration ratio of brigatinib using cerebrospinal fluid and paired serum samples, and the ratio was 0.012. Further, we investigated resistance mechanisms via next-generation sequencing (NGS) using lung biopsy at lung cancer diagnosis and brain biopsy sample at progressive disease of brigatinib. No apparent resistance mechanism of known ALK resistance, such as ALK mutations, amplifications, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and bypass pathway activation were detected. Taken together, we speculate that the low CNS penetration rate of brigatinib confers CNS progression. Further studies are warranted to reveal the resistance mechanism and propose a treatment strategy for CNS progression in ALK-positive patients."
4849,brain tumour,38924344,Dose conformity and falloff in single-lesion intracranial SRS with DCA and VMAT methods.,"Intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) aims at achieving highly conformal dose distribution and, at the same time, attaining rapid dose falloff outside the treatment target. SRS is performed using different techniques including dynamic conformal arcs (DCA) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)."
4850,brain tumour,38924338,Intraoperative rapid molecular diagnosis aids glioma subtyping and guides precise surgical resection.,"The molecular era of glioma diagnosis and treatment has arrived, and a single rapid histopathology is no longer sufficient for surgery. This study sought to present an automatic integrated gene detection system (AIGS), which enables rapid intraoperative detection of IDH/TERTp mutations."
4851,brain tumour,38924040,"Germline pathogenic variants in the MRE11, RAD50, and NBN (MRN) genes in cancer predisposition: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","The MRE11, RAD50, and NBN genes encode the MRN complex sensing DNA breaks and directing their repair. While carriers of biallelic germline pathogenic variants (gPV) develop rare chromosomal instability syndromes, the cancer risk in heterozygotes remains controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of 53 studies in patients with different cancer diagnoses to better understand the cancer risk. We found an increased risk (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval) for gPV carriers in NBN for melanoma (7.14; 3.30-15.43), pancreatic cancer (4.03; 2.14-7.58), hematological tumors (3.42; 1.14-10.22), and prostate cancer (2.44, 1.84-3.24), but a low risk for breast cancer (1.29; 1.00-1.66) and an insignificant risk for ovarian cancer (1.53; 0.76-3.09). We found no increased breast cancer risk in carriers of gPV in RAD50 (0.93; 0.74-1.16; except of c.687del carriers) and MRE11 (0.87; 0.66-1.13). The secondary burden analysis compared the frequencies of gPV in MRN genes in patients from 150 studies with those in the gnomAD database. In NBN gPV carriers, this analysis additionally showed a high risk for brain tumors (5.06; 2.39-9.52), a low risk for colorectal (1.64; 1.26-2.10) and hepatobiliary (2.16; 1.02-4.06) cancers, and no risk for endometrial, and gastric cancer. The secondary burden analysis showed also a moderate risk for ovarian cancer (3.00; 1.27-6.08) in MRE11 gPV carriers, and no risk for ovarian and hepatobiliary cancers in RAD50 gPV carriers. These findings provide a robust clinical evidence of cancer risks to guide personalized clinical management in heterozygous carriers of gPV in the MRE11, RAD50, and NBN genes."
4852,brain tumour,38923901,A remission of Cushing's disease after pituitary tumour apoplexy.,Not required in Clinical Vignettes.
4853,brain tumour,38923860,Evidences of neurological injury caused by COVID-19 from glioma tissues and glioma organoids.,"Despite the extensive neurological symptoms induced by COVID-19 and the identification of SARS-CoV-2 in post-mortem brain samples from COVID-19 patients months after death, the precise mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 invasion into the central nervous system remain unclear due to the lack of research models."
4854,brain tumour,38923786,Exploring feasibility criteria for stereotactic radiosurgical treatment of multiple brain metastases using five linac machines.,This study aimed to find descriptors that correlates with normal brain dose to determine the feasibility of performing fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for multiple brain metastases (BMs) using five linac machines.
4855,brain tumour,38923578,CircNUP98 promotes the malignant behavior of glioma cells through the miR-520f-3p/ELK4 axis.,"Glioma, a formidable form of brain cancer, poses significant challenges in terms of treatment and prognosis. Circular RNA nucleoporin 98 (circNUP98) has emerged as a potential regulator in various cancers, yet its role in glioma remains unclear. Here, we elucidate the functional role of circNUP98 in glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, shedding light on its therapeutic implications. Glioma cells were subjected to si-NUP98 transfection, followed by assessments of cell viability, proliferation, invasion, and migration. Subcellular localization of circNUP98 was determined, and its downstream targets were identified. We delineated the binding relationships between circNUP98 and microRNA (miR)-520f-3p, as well as between miR-520f-3p and ETS transcription factor ELK4 (ELK4). The expression levels of circNUP98/miR-520f-3p/ELK4 were quantified. Our findings demonstrated that circNUP98 was upregulated in glioma cells, and its inhibition significantly attenuated glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Mechanistically, circNUP98 functioned as a sponge for miR-520f-3p, thereby relieving the inhibitory effect of miR-520f-3p on ELK4. Moreover, inhibition of miR-520f-3p or overexpression of ELK4 partially rescued the suppressive effect of circNUP98 knockdown on glioma cell behaviors. In summary, our study unveils that circNUP98 promotes glioma cell progression via the miR-520f-3p/ELK4 axis, offering novel insights into the therapeutic targeting of circNUP98 in glioma treatment."
4856,brain tumour,38923575,Network-Based Transcriptome Analysis Reveals FAM3C as a Novel Potential Biomarker for Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of malignant primary brain tumor with a high mortality rate. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical significance of Family with Sequence Similarity 3, Member C, FAM3C, in GBM using bioinformatic-integrated analysis. First, we performed the transcriptomic integration analysis to assess the expression profile of FAM3C in GBM using several data sets (RNA-sequencing and scRNA-sequencing), which were obtained from TCGA and GEO databases. By using the STRING platform, we investigated FAM3C-coregulated genes to construct the protein-protein interaction network. Next, Metascape, Enrichr, and CIBERSORT databases were used. We found FAM3C high expression in GBM with poor survival rates. Further, we observed, via FAM3C coexpression network analysis, that FAM3C plays key roles in several hallmarks of cancer. Surprisingly, we also highlighted five FAM3C‑coregulated genes overexpressed in GBM. Specifically, we demonstrated the association between the high expression of FAM3C and the abundance of the different immune cells, which may markedly worsen GBM prognosis. For the first time, our findings suggest that FAM3C not only can be a new emerging biomarker with promising therapeutic values to GBM patients but also gave a new insight into a potential resource for future GBM studies."
4857,brain tumour,38923425,Quality of palliative radiotherapy assessed using quality indicators: a multicenter survey†.,"We sought to identify potential evidence-practice gaps in palliative radiotherapy using quality indicators (QIs), previously developed using a modified Delphi method. Seven QIs were used to assess the quality of radiotherapy for bone metastases (BoM) and brain metastases (BrM). Compliance rate was calculated as the percentage of patients for whom recommended medical care was conducted. Random effects models were used to estimate the pooled compliance rates. Of the 39 invited radiation oncologists, 29 (74%) from 29 centers participated in the survey; 13 (45%) were academic and 16 (55%) were non-academic hospitals. For the QIs, except for BoM-4, the pooled compliance rates were higher than 80%; however, for at least some of the centers, the compliance rate was lower than these pooled rates. For BoM-4 regarding steroid use concurrent with radiotherapy for malignant spinal cord compression, the pooled compliance rate was as low as 32%. For BoM-1 regarding the choice of radiation schedule, the compliance rate was higher in academic hospitals than in non-academic hospitals (P = 0.021). For BrM-3 regarding the initiation of radiotherapy without delay, the compliance rate was lower in academic hospitals than in non-academic hospitals (P = 0.016). In conclusion, overall, compliance rates were high; however, for many QIs, practice remains to be improved in at least some centers. Steroids are infrequently used concurrently with radiotherapy for malignant spinal cord compression."
4858,brain tumour,38923419,Aptamers: ushering in new hopes in targeted glioblastoma therapy.,"Glioblastoma, a formidable brain cancer, has remained a therapeutic challenge due to its aggressive nature and resistance to conventional treatments. Recent data indicate that aptamers, short synthetic DNA or RNA molecules can be used in anti-cancer therapy due to their better tumour penetration, specific binding affinity, longer retention in tumour sites and their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. With the ability to modify these oligonucleotides through the selection process, and using rational design to modify them, post-SELEX aptamers offer several advantages in glioblastoma treatment, including precise targeting of cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. This review discusses the pivotal role of aptamers in glioblastoma therapy and diagnosis, emphasising their potential to enhance treatment efficacy and also highlights recent advancements in aptamer-based therapies which can transform the landscape of glioblastoma treatment, offering renewed hope to patients and clinicians alike."
4859,brain tumour,38923350,Synthesis and Antitumour Evaluation of Tricyclic Indole-2-Carboxamides against Paediatric Brain Cancer Cells.,"Antitumour properties of some cannabinoids (CB) have been reported in the literature as early as 1970s, however there is no clear consensus to date on the exact mechanisms leading to cancer cell death. The indole-based WIN 55,212-2 and SDB-001 are both known as potent agonists at both CB"
4860,brain tumour,38923327,Manipulating the Crosstalk between Cancer and Immunosuppressive Cells with Phototherapeutic Gold-Nanohut for Reprogramming Tumor Microenvironment.,"Photoimmunotherapy faces challenges due to insufficient intratumoral accumulation of photothermal agents and the reversion of the cancer-immunity cycle during treatment. In this study, an anti-PD-L1-immobilized magnetic gold nanohut, AuNH-2-Ab, with photoresponsive, thermosensitive, and immunomodulatory properties to effectively suppress the growth of primary tumors, elevate immunogenic cell death (ICD) levels, reverse the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), and consequently inhibit metastases are developed. AuNH-2-Ab achieves high tumor accumulation (9.54% injected dose) following systemic administration, allowing the modulation of hyperthermia dose of over 50 °C in the tumor. By optimizing the hyperthermia dose, AuNH-2-Ab simultaneously target and eliminate cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages, thereby activating potent antitumor immunity without being compromised by immunosuppressive elements. Hyperthermia/pH induced morphological transformation of AuNH-2-Ab involving the detachment of the surface antibody for in situ PD-L1 inhibition, and exposure of the inner fucoidan layer for natural killer (NK) cell activation. This precision photoimmunotherapy approach reprograms the TIME, significantly prolongs survival in a murine hepatocellular carcinoma model (Hep55.1c), and harnesses the synergistic effects of ICD production and checkpoint inhibitors by utilizing a single nanoplatform."
4861,brain tumour,38923275,Lipid-Polymer Nanoparticles Mediate Compartmentalized Delivery of Cas9 and sgRNA for Glioblastoma Vasculature and Immune Reprogramming.,"Hypervascularized glioblastoma is naturally sensitive to anti-angiogenesis but suffers from low efficacy of transient vasculature normalization. In this study, a lipid-polymer nanoparticle is synthesized to execute compartmentalized Cas9 and sgRNA delivery for a permanent vasculature editing strategy by knocking out the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The phenylboronic acid branched cationic polymer is designed to condense sgRNA electrostatically (inner compartment) and patch Cas9 coordinatively (outer compartment), followed by liposomal hybridization with angiopep-2 decoration for blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. The lipid-polymer nanoparticles can reach glioblastoma within 2 h post intravenous administration, and hypoxia in tumor cells triggers charge-elimination and degradation of the cationic polymer for burst release of Cas9 and sgRNA, accompanied by instant Cas9 RNP assembly, yielding ≈50% STAT3 knockout. The downregulation of downstream vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) reprograms vasculature normalization to improve immune infiltration, collaborating with interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) reduction to develop anti-glioblastoma responses. Collectively, the combinational assembly for compartmentalized Cas9/sgRNA delivery provides a potential solution in glioblastoma therapy."
4862,brain tumour,38923198,Adaption of neurosurgical resection patterns for pediatric low-grade glioma spanning two decades-Report from the German LGG-studies 1996-2018.,"Neurosurgery is considered the mainstay of treatment for pediatric low-grade glioma (LGG); the extent of resection determines subsequent stratification in current treatment protocols. Yet, surgical radicality must be balanced against the risks of complications that may affect long-term quality of life. We investigated whether this consideration impacted surgical resection patterns over time for patients of the German LGG studies."
4863,brain tumour,38922986,Identifying radiogenomic associations of breast cancer based on DCE-MRI by using Siamese Neural Network with manufacturer bias normalization.,The immunohistochemical test (IHC) for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) and hormone receptors (HR) provides prognostic information and guides treatment for patients with invasive breast cancer. The objective of this paper is to establish a non-invasive system for identifying HER2 and HR in breast cancer using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI).
4864,brain tumour,38922889,Red light-activated depletion of drug-refractory glioblastoma stem cells and chemosensitization of an acquired-resistant mesenchymal phenotype.,"Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are potent tumor initiators resistant to radiochemotherapy, and this subpopulation is hypothesized to re-populate the tumor milieu due to selection following conventional therapies. Here, we show that 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) treatment-a pro-fluorophore used for fluorescence-guided cancer surgery-leads to elevated levels of fluorophore conversion in patient-derived GSC cultures, and subsequent red light-activation induces apoptosis in both intrinsically temozolomide chemotherapy-sensitive and -resistant GSC phenotypes. Red light irradiation of ALA-treated cultures also exhibits the ability to target mesenchymal GSCs (Mes-GSCs) with induced temozolomide resistance. Furthermore, sub-lethal light doses restore Mes-GSC sensitivity to temozolomide, abrogating GSC-acquired chemoresistance. These results suggest that ALA is not only useful for fluorescence-guided glioblastoma tumor resection, but that it also facilitates a GSC drug-resistance agnostic, red light-activated modality to mop up the surgical margins and prime subsequent chemotherapy."
4865,brain tumour,38922754,Optimal minimum MU for intensity-modulated proton therapy with pencil-beam scanning proton beams.,"A higher minimum monitor unit (minMU) for pencil-beam scanning proton beams in intensity-modulated proton therapy is preferred for more efficient delivery. However, plan quality may be compromised when the minMU is too large. This study aimed to identify the optimal minMU (OminMU) to improve plan delivery efficiency while maintaining high plan quality."
4866,brain tumour,38922688,CLEMENT: genomic decomposition and reconstruction of non-tumor subclones.,"Genome-level clonal decomposition of a single specimen has been widely studied; however, it is mostly limited to cancer research. In this study, we developed a new algorithm CLEMENT, which conducts accurate decomposition and reconstruction of multiple subclones in genome sequencing of non-tumor (normal) samples. CLEMENT employs the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm with optimization strategies specific to non-tumor subclones, including false variant call identification, non-disparate clone fuzzy clustering, and clonal allele fraction confinement. In the simulation and in vitro cell line mixture data, CLEMENT outperformed current cancer decomposition algorithms in estimating the number of clones (root-mean-square-error = 0.58-0.78 versus 1.43-3.34) and in the variant-clone membership agreement (∼85.5% versus 70.1-76.7%). Additional testing on human multi-clonal normal tissue sequencing confirmed the accurate identification of subclones that originated from different cell types. Clone-level analysis, including mutational burden and signatures, provided a new understanding of normal-tissue composition. We expect that CLEMENT will serve as a crucial tool in the currently emerging field of non-tumor genome analysis."
4867,brain tumour,38922550,Differential expression of cellular prion protein (PrP,The cellular prion protein (PrP
4868,brain tumour,38922516,"Risk factors, prognostic factors, and nomograms for synchronous brain metastases of solid tumors: a population-based study.","In previous literatures, we found that similar studies on the short-term prognosis of synchronous brain metastases (S-BM) from other systems are rare. Our aim was to evaluate the early mortality rate of patients with S-BM from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database and explore the risk factors for early mortality (≤ 1 year). We used Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves to evaluate early mortality in patients with S-BM from the SEER database. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify significant independent prognostic factors in patients with a follow-up time > 12 months. And the meaningful factors were used to construct a nomogram of overall early death. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to test the predictive ability of the model, while the decision curve analysis (DCA) curve was used to validate the clinical application ability of the model. A total of 47,284 patients were used for univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to screen variables to constructing a nomogram. In the all-cause early mortality specific model, the area under the ROC (AUC) curve of the training set was 0.764 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.758-0.769), and the AUC of the validation set was 0.761 (95% CI: 0.752-0.770). The DCA calibration curves of the training set and validation set indicate that the 1-year early mortality rate predicted by this model is consistent with the actual situation. We found that the 1-year early mortality rate was 76.4%. We constructed a validated nomogram using these covariates to effectively predict 1-year early mortality in patients with S-BM. This nomogram can help clinical workers screen high-risk patients to develop more reasonable treatment plans."
4869,brain tumour,38922458,A prospective clinical study of the influence of oral protein intake on [,O-(2-[
4870,brain tumour,38922370,Letter to the editor: Leptomeningeal spread in high‑grade gliomas: is surgery or adjuvant therapy after leptomeningeal spread associated with survival benefit?,No abstract found
4871,brain tumour,38921560,,
4872,brain tumour,38921472,Metabolic Insight into Glioma Heterogeneity: Mapping Whole Exome Sequencing to In Vivo Imaging with Stereotactic Localization and Deep Learning.,"Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) complicates the diagnosis and treatment of glioma, partly due to the diverse metabolic profiles driven by underlying genomic alterations. While multiparametric imaging enhances the characterization of ITH by capturing both spatial and functional variations, it falls short in directly assessing the metabolic activities that underpin these phenotypic differences. This gap stems from the challenge of integrating easily accessible, colocated pathology and detailed genomic data with metabolic insights. This study presents a multifaceted approach combining stereotactic biopsy with standard clinical open-craniotomy for sample collection, voxel-wise analysis of MR images, regression-based GAM, and whole-exome sequencing. This work aims to demonstrate the potential of machine learning algorithms to predict variations in cellular and molecular tumor characteristics. This retrospective study enrolled ten treatment-naïve patients with radiologically confirmed glioma. Each patient underwent a multiparametric MR scan (T1"
4873,brain tumour,38921432,Application of the Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC-MS) Novel Protocol to Study the Metabolic Heterogeneity of Glioblastoma Cells.,"Glioblastoma is a highly malignant brain tumor consisting of a heterogeneous cellular population. The transformed metabolism of glioblastoma cells supports their growth and division on the background of their milieu. One might hypothesize that the transformed metabolism of a primary glioblastoma could be well adapted to limitations in the variety and number of substrates imported into the brain parenchyma and present it their microenvironment. Additionally, the phenotypic heterogeneity of cancer cells could promote the variations among their metabolic capabilities regarding the utilization of available substrates and release of metabolic intermediates. With the aim to identify the putative metabolic footprint of different types of glioblastoma cells, we exploited the possibility for separation of polar and ionic molecules present in culture media or cell lysates by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). The mass spectrometry (MS) was then used to identify and quantify the eluted compounds. The introduced method allows the detection and quantification of more than 150 polar and ionic metabolites in a single run, which may be present either in culture media or cell lysates and provide data for polaromic studies within metabolomics. The method was applied to analyze the culture media and cell lysates derived from two types of glioblastoma cells, T98G and U118. The analysis revealed that even both types of glioblastoma cells share several common metabolic aspects, and they also exhibit differences in their metabolic capability. This finding agrees with the hypothesis about metabolic heterogeneity of glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, the combination of both analytical methods, HILIC-MS, provides a valuable tool for metabolomic studies based on the simultaneous identification and quantification of a wide range of polar and ionic metabolites-polaromics."
4874,brain tumour,38920950,Advances in Hydrogels of Drug Delivery Systems for the Local Treatment of Brain Tumors.,"The management of brain tumors presents numerous challenges, despite the employment of multimodal therapies including surgical intervention, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Owing to the distinct location of brain tumors and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), these tumors exhibit considerable heterogeneity and invasiveness at the histological level. Recent advancements in hydrogel research for the local treatment of brain tumors have sought to overcome the primary challenge of delivering therapeutics past the BBB, thereby ensuring efficient accumulation within brain tumor tissues. This article elaborates on various hydrogel-based delivery vectors, examining their efficacy in the local treatment of brain tumors. Additionally, it reviews the fundamental principles involved in designing intelligent hydrogels that can circumvent the BBB and penetrate larger tumor areas, thereby facilitating precise, controlled drug release. Hydrogel-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) are posited to offer a groundbreaking approach to addressing the challenges and limitations inherent in traditional oncological therapies, which are significantly impeded by the unique structural and pathological characteristics of brain tumors."
4875,brain tumour,38920741,A Review of Immunotherapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.,"Cancer immunotherapy in the form of immune checkpoint inhibitors has led to a dramatic increase in the survival of patients with lung cancer across all stages. Over the past decade, the field has experienced rapid maturation; however, several challenges continue to complicate patient management. This review aims to highlight the data that led to this dramatic shift in practice as well as to focus on key challenges. These include determining the optimal therapy duration, managing frail patients or those with brain metastases, addressing the challenges posed by immune-related adverse events, and defining the various patterns of clinical and radiological responses to immunotherapy."
4876,brain tumour,38920718,Regional Variability in Survival for Patients Diagnosed with Selected Central Nervous System Tumours in Canada.,"Canada's decentralized healthcare system may lead to regional disparities in survival among Canadians diagnosed with central nervous system (CNS) tumours. We identified 50,670 patients diagnosed with a first-ever primary CNS tumour between 2008 and 2017 with follow-up until 31 December 2017. We selected the four highest incidence histologies and used proportional hazard regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for five regions (British Columbia, Prairie Provinces, Ontario, Atlantic Provinces and the Territories), adjusting for sex, tumour behaviour and patient age. Ontario had the best survival profile for all histologies investigated. The Atlantic Provinces had the highest HR for glioblastoma (HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.18-1.35) and malignant glioma not otherwise specified (NOS) (Overall: HR = 1.87, 95% CI:1.43-2.43; Pediatric population: HR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.28-6.39). For meningioma, the Territories had the highest HR (HR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.09-5.45) followed by the Prairie Provinces (HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.38-1.67). For malignant unclassified tumours, the highest HRs were in British Columbia (HR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.22-1.71) and the Atlantic Provinces (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.13-1.74). There are regional differences in the survival of CNS patients at the population level for all four specific histological types of CNS tumours investigated. Factors contributing to these observed regional survival differences are unknown and warrant further investigation."
4877,brain tumour,38920712,Survival after Stereotactic Radiosurgery in the Era of Targeted Therapy: Number of Metastases No Longer Matters.,"Randomised control trial data support the use of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in up to 4 brain metastases (BMs), with non-randomised prospective data complementing this for up to 10 BMs. There is debate in the neuro-oncology community as to the appropriateness of SRS in patients with >10 BMs. We present data from a large single-centre cohort, reporting survival in those with >10 BMs and in a >20 BMs subgroup. A total of 1181 patients receiving SRS for BMs were included. Data were collected prospectively from the time of SRS referral. Kaplan-Meier graphs and logrank tests were used to compare survival between groups. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model to account for differences in group characteristics. Median survival with 1 BM ("
4878,brain tumour,38920629,Overcoming Barriers in Glioblastoma-Advances in Drug Delivery Strategies.,"The world of cancer treatment is evolving rapidly and has improved the prospects of many cancer patients. Yet, there are still many cancers where treatment prospects have not (or hardly) improved. Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, and even though it is sensitive to many chemotherapeutics when tested under laboratory conditions, its clinical prospects are still very poor. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is considered at least partly responsible for the high failure rate of many promising treatment strategies. We describe the workings of the BBB during healthy conditions and within the glioblastoma environment. How the BBB acts as a barrier for therapeutic options is described as well as various approaches developed and tested for passing or opening the BBB, with the ultimate aim to allow access to brain tumors and improve patient perspectives."
4879,brain tumour,38920621,Which factors help to determine the long-term response to first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A Turkish multi-centre study.,"Many developing countries lack access to recommended first-line treatments for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) or ICI-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) combinations. As a result, predictive markers are necessary to identify patients who may benefit from single-agent TKIs for long-term response. This study aims to identify such parameters. This was a multi-centre, retrospective study of patients with mRCC who were undergoing first-line treatment with sunitinib or pazopanib. Patients who had been diagnosed with mRCC and had not experienced disease progression for 36 months or more were deemed to have achieved a long-term response. Predictive clinical and pathological characteristics of patients who did not experience long-term disease progression were investigated. A total of 320 patients from four hospitals were included in the study. The median age of the patients was 60 years (range 20-89 years). According to the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) risk classification, 109 patients were classified as having favourable risk and 211 were in the intermediate-poor risk group. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for all patients were 12.5 months and 76.4 months, respectively. In the long-term responder's group, the median PFS was 78.4 months. Among all patients, prior nephrectomy, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status (PS) <1, and the absence of brain metastasis were predictive factors for long-term response. For patients in the favourable risk group, the lack of brain metastasis was a predictor of long-term response. In the intermediate-poor risk group, prior nephrectomy and ECOG PS <1 were predictive factors for long-term response. Some individuals with mRCC may experience a durable response to TKIs. The likelihood of a long-term response can be determined by factors such as nephrectomy, ECOG PS < 1, and the absence of brain metastases."
4880,brain tumour,38919881,BrainCDNet: a concatenated deep neural network for the detection of brain tumors from MRI images.,"Brain cancer is a frequently occurring disease around the globe and mostly developed due to the presence of tumors in/around the brain. Generally, the prevalence and incidence of brain cancer are much lower than that of other cancer types (breast, skin, lung, etc.). However, brain cancers are associated with high mortality rates, especially in adults, due to the false identification of tumor types, and delay in the diagnosis. Therefore, the minimization of false detection of brain tumor types and early diagnosis plays a crucial role in the improvement of patient survival rate. To achieve this, many researchers have recently developed deep learning (DL)-based approaches since they showed a remarkable performance, particularly in the classification task."
4881,brain tumour,38919873,"Patient, Relative and Staff Experiences of Clinical Trial Participation in Neurooncology: ""Maybe You Can Also Show the Positive, No Matter How It Ends"".","There is a lack of evidence regarding how patients with malignant brain tumor and their relatives experience participation in neurooncological clinical trials. Similarly, insights from the perspective of trial staff caring for this group of patients are missing. This study aims to investigate patient, relative and trial staff experiences regarding participation in clinical neurooncological trials."
4882,brain tumour,38919539,Case report: A 53-year-old woman with synchronous WHO classification II and IV gliomas.,Glioma is the most common primary intracranial neoplasm with a relatively poor prognosis.
4883,brain tumour,38919520,Non-invasive intracranial pressure monitoring for high-grade gliomas patients treated with radiotherapy: results of the GMaPIC trial.,"Patients with high-grade gliomas are at risk of developing increased intracranial hypertension (ICHT) in relation to the increase in volume of their tumor. ICP change cannot be measured by invasive method but can be estimated by using routine clinical signs, in combination with a standard imaging method, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A non-invasive monitoring of ICP could be of interest in high-grade glioma, in particular after radiotherapy treatment with as major side effect a cerebral oedema."
4884,brain tumour,38919448,Evaluation of risk factors for postoperative neurologic intensive care admission after brain tumor craniotomy: A single-center longitudinal study.,"Perioperative variable parameters can be significant risk factors for postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission after elective craniotomy for intracranial neoplasm, as assessed by various scoring systems such as Cranio Score. This observational study evaluates the relationship between these factors and early postoperative neurological complications necessitating ICU admission."
4885,brain tumour,38919150,Alpha-synuclein affects certain iron transporters of BV2 microglia cell through its ferric reductase activity.,"Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is a major component of Lewy bodies, which is a biomarker of Parkinson's disease (PD). It accumulates in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) to form insoluble aggregates and cause neurotoxicity, which is often accompanied by iron deposition. We compared the iron reductase activity between monomeric α-syn (M-α-syn) and oligomeric α-syn (O-α-syn) and investigated the effect of α-syn on iron metabolism of BV2 microglia cells as well. α-syn had ferric reductase activity, and O-α-syn had stronger enzyme activity than M-α-syn. M-α-syn upregulated iron uptake protein, divalent metal transporter1 (DMT1) expression, and iron influx but did not regulate iron release protein ferroportin1 (FPN1) expression and iron efflux. O-α-syn elevated the expression of both DMT1 and FPN1 and thus increased the iron influx and efflux in BV2 microglial cells, but the expressions of iron regulatory protein1 (IRP1) and hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) had no significant change. Moreover, both M-α-syn and O-α-syn could increase the mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in BV2 microglia cells. Both types of α-syn can activate microglia, which leads to increased expressions of proinflammatory factors. α-syn can affect DMT1 and FPN1 expressions in BV2 microglia cells, which might be through its ferric reductase activity."
4886,brain tumour,38919140,Roles of the oncometabolite enantiomers of 2-hydroxyglutarate and their metabolism by diverse dehydrogenases.,"2-Hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is an oncometabolite that can contribute to tumor progression. Two enantiomer forms, L-2HG and D-2HG, arise from independent pathways starting from the precursor α-ketoglutarate (αKG). L-2HG production occurs through the promiscuous activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) under acidic and/or hypoxic conditions. D-2HG frequently accumulates by gain-of-function mutations in the genes encoding two isoforms of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1 and IDH2). Cognate metabolite repair enzymes, L- and D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenases, oxidize the enantiomers and cause abnormally high 2HG accumulation and disease when mutated. Elevated levels of either oncometabolite affect redox homeostasis, metabolism, and immune system functioning. Moreover, the oncometabolites inhibit several α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases resulting in epigenetic changes such as DNA and histone hypermethylation as well as deficiencies in DNA repair. L-2HG, and D-2HG in some cases, inhibit degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1α), a transcription factor that alters gene expression to adapt to hypoxic conditions, favoring tumorigenesis. Patients with the rare disease 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (2HGA) have exceedingly high levels of 2HG, which is neurotoxic, causing developmental delays and brain abnormalities. D-2HG also has specific effects on collagen production and NADPH pools. Recently, D-2HG has been targeted in new chemotherapies aimed at disrupting the gain-of-function IDH1 and IDH2 mutants, resulting in successful clinical trials for several cancers."
4887,brain tumour,38919026,"Medulloblastoma in children with Fanconi anemia: Association with FA-D1/FA-N, SHH type and poor survival independent of treatment strategies.","The outcome of children with medulloblastoma (MB) and Fanconi Anemia (FA), an inherited DNA repair deficiency, has not been described systematically. Treatment is complicated by high vulnerability to treatment-associated side effects, yet structured data are lacking. This study aims to give a comprehensive overview of clinical and molecular characteristics of pediatric FA MB patients."
4888,brain tumour,38918982,Improving Efficiency of Brain Tumor Classification Models Using Pruning Techniques.,This research investigates the impact of pruning on reducing the computational complexity of a five-layered Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) designed for classifying MRI brain tumors. The study focuses on enhancing the efficiency of the model by removing less important weights and neurons through pruning.
4889,brain tumour,38918970,Prevalence and Radiographic Characteristics of Cerebral Infarction after Surgery in Patients with Glioma: A Retrospective Study.,"The aim of our study was to analyze risk factors for postoperative cerebral infarction in patients with glioma in our hospital, and to compare medical imaging techniques for early diagnosis of postoperative cerebral infarction."
4890,brain tumour,38918938,Recurrent Hypoglycemia After Total Gastrectomy: A Case Report and Literature Analysis.,"BACKGROUND Hypoglycemia is a common complication following total gastrectomy, primarily caused by dumping syndrome and severe malnutrition, with late dumping syndrome being particularly significant. However, for recurrent fasting hypoglycemia, the possibility of insulinoma should be considered. Hypoglycemia caused by insulinoma can lead to severe consequences, including seizures and even death. Thus, it is crucial to differentially diagnose hypoglycemia occurring after total gastrectomy. CASE REPORT In this report, we present the case of a 36-year-old Chinese woman who underwent total gastrectomy for gastric cancer and subsequently received chemotherapy. Four months after surgery, she began experiencing recurrent seizures, and multiple tests confirmed hypoglycemia. A series of laboratory and imaging examinations ultimately led to a diagnosis of insulinoma. After surgical resection of the tumor, the patient's hypoglycemic symptoms resolved, and pathology results confirmed an insulinoma. CONCLUSIONS This case report highlights the rapid weight loss and severe hypoglycemia observed in a patient only 4 months after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Although dumping syndrome was initially suspected based on the clinical course, the final diagnosis turned out to be insulinoma. The case underscores the importance of comprehensive evaluation and appropriate diagnostic investigations for patients experiencing hypoglycemia after total gastrectomy. Furthermore, the case suggests that the increased levels of enteroglucagon following changes in the gastrointestinal tract resulting from total gastrectomy may promote the development of insulinomas. This case report also contributes to the existing literature regarding atypical presentations of insulinomas and their association with gastric resection."
4891,brain tumour,38918812,Ultrasonic-responsive piezoelectric stimulation enhances sonodynamic therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer.,"Breast cancer ranks second as the most common malignancy globally, after lung cancer. Among the various subtypes of breast cancer, HER2 positive breast cancer (HER2 BC)poses a particularly challenging prognosis due to its heightened invasiveness and metastatic potential. The objective of this study was to construct a composite piezoelectric nanoparticle based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) for imaging and treatment of HER2 BC."
4892,brain tumour,38918441,"Pan-cancer multi-omics analysis of PTBP1 reveals it as an inflammatory, progressive and prognostic marker in glioma.","PTBP1 is an oncogene that regulates the splicing of precursor mRNA. However, the relationship between PTBP1 expression and gene methylation, cancer prognosis, and tumor microenvironment remains unclear. The expression profiles of PTBP1 across various cancers were derived from the TCGA, as well as the GTEx and CGGA databases. The CGGA mRNA_325, CGGA mRNA_301, and CGGA mRNA_693 datasets were utilized as validation cohorts. Immune cell infiltration scores were approximated using the TIMER 2.0 tool. Functional enrichment analysis for groups with high and low PTBP1 expression was conducted using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Methylation data were predominantly sourced from the SMART and Mexpress databases. Linked-omics analysis was employed to perform functional enrichment analysis of genes related to PTBP1 methylation, as well as to conduct protein functional enrichment analysis. Single-cell transcriptome analysis and spatial transcriptome analysis were carried out using Seurat version 4.10. Compared to normal tissues, PTBP1 is significantly overexpressed and hypomethylated in various cancers. It is implicated in prognosis, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint expression, genomic variation, tumor neoantigen load, and tumor mutational burden across a spectrum of cancers, with particularly notable effects in low-grade gliomas. In the context of gliomas, PTBP1 expression correlates with WHO grade and IDH1 mutation status. PTBP1 expression and methylation play an important role in a variety of cancers. PTBP1 can be used as a marker of inflammation, progression and prognosis in gliomas."
4893,brain tumour,38918400,Overtone photothermal microscopy for high-resolution and high-sensitivity vibrational imaging.,"Photothermal microscopy is a highly sensitive pump-probe method for mapping nanostructures and molecules through the detection of local thermal gradients. While visible photothermal microscopy and mid-infrared photothermal microscopy techniques have been developed, they possess inherent limitations. These techniques either lack chemical specificity or encounter significant light attenuation caused by water absorption. Here, we present an overtone photothermal (OPT) microscopy technique that offers high chemical specificity, detection sensitivity, and spatial resolution by employing a visible probe for local heat detection in the C-H overtone region. We demonstrate its capability for high-fidelity chemical imaging of polymer nanostructures, depth-resolved intracellular chemical mapping of cancer cells, and imaging of multicellular C. elegans organisms and highly scattering brain tissues. By bridging the gap between visible and mid-infrared photothermal microscopy, OPT establishes a new modality for high-resolution and high-sensitivity chemical imaging. This advancement complements large-scale shortwave infrared imaging approaches, facilitating multiscale structural and chemical investigations of materials and biological metabolism."
4894,brain tumour,38918274,The role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis and treatment of glioblastoma-an update on the state of the art and future perspectives.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor, which, despite significant progress made in the last years in the field of neuro-oncology, remains an incurable disease. GBM has a poor prognosis with a median survival of 12-15 months, and its aggressive clinical course is related to rapid growth, extensive infiltration of adjacent tissues, resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy, and frequent relapse. Currently, several molecular biomarkers are used in clinical practice to predict patient prognosis and response to treatment. However, due to the overall unsatisfactory efficacy of standard multimodal treatment and the remaining poor prognosis, there is an urgent need for new biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for GBM. Recent evidence suggests that GBM tumorigenesis is associated with crosstalk between cancer, immune and stromal cells mediated by various cytokines. One of the key factors involved in this process appears to be interleukin-17 (IL-17), a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is significantly upregulated in the serum and tissue of GBM patients. IL-17 plays a key role in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and recurrence of GBM by activating pro-oncogenic signaling pathways and promoting cell survival, proliferation, and invasion. IL-17 facilitates the immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment by promoting immune cells infiltration and cytokine secretion. In this article we review the latest scientific reports to provide an update on the role of IL-17 role in tumorigenesis, tumor microenvironment, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of GBM."
4895,brain tumour,38918262,Surgical options of chiasmatic hypothalamic glioma-a relevant part of therapy in an interdisciplinary approach for tumor control.,"The extent of resection of pediatric low-grade glioma mostly improves progression-free survival. In chiasmatic hypothalamic glioma (CHG), complete resections are limited due to the relevantly high risk of associated neurological and endocrinological deficits. Still, surgery might have its role in the framework of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach. We report our retrospective experience from two centers on surgical options and their impact on long-term outcomes."
4896,brain tumour,38918218,Fatigue following head and neck cancer radiotherapy: a systematic review of dose correlates.,"Radical radiotherapy (RT) is the cornerstone of Head and Neck (H&N) cancer treatment, but it often leads to fatigue due to irradiation of brain structures, impacting patient quality of life."
4897,brain tumour,38918132,[Prospective longitudinal study on the evolution of autobiographical memory in patients irradiated for benign skull base tumour].,"Cranial irradiation can lead to long-term neurological complications, in particular memory disorders. The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate the impact of irradiation of benign skull base tumours located near the hippocampi on autobiographical memory."
4898,brain tumour,38917789,Open-ST: High-resolution spatial transcriptomics in 3D.,"Spatial transcriptomics (ST) methods unlock molecular mechanisms underlying tissue development, homeostasis, or disease. However, there is a need for easy-to-use, high-resolution, cost-efficient, and 3D-scalable methods. Here, we report Open-ST, a sequencing-based, open-source experimental and computational resource to address these challenges and to study the molecular organization of tissues in 2D and 3D. In mouse brain, Open-ST captured transcripts at subcellular resolution and reconstructed cell types. In primary head-and-neck tumors and patient-matched healthy/metastatic lymph nodes, Open-ST captured the diversity of immune, stromal, and tumor populations in space, validated by imaging-based ST. Distinct cell states were organized around cell-cell communication hotspots in the tumor but not the metastasis. Strikingly, the 3D reconstruction and multimodal analysis of the metastatic lymph node revealed spatially contiguous structures not visible in 2D and potential biomarkers precisely at the 3D tumor/lymph node boundary. All protocols and software are available at https://rajewsky-lab.github.io/openst."
4899,brain tumour,38917745,Robotic assisted surgery for the treatment of spinal metastases: A case series.,"Spinal metastases can significantly affect quality of life in patients with cancer and present complex neurosurgical challenges for surgeons. Surgery with instrumentation is often indicated to alleviate pain, preserve neurological function, and ensure mechanical stability. However, distortions in the bony anatomy due to oncological disease can decrease the accuracy of pedicle screw placement. Robotic-assisted surgery may offer an opportunity to increase screw accuracy and improve navigation of spinal lesions compared to conventional techniques. Therefore, we presented our institutional experience evaluating robotic-assisted surgical fixation for spinal metastases."
4900,brain tumour,38917705,Invasive metastatic tumor-camouflaged ROS responsive nanosystem for targeting therapeutic brain injury after cardiac arrest.,"Drug transmission through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is considered an arduous challenge for brain injury treatment following the return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest (CA-ROSC). Inspired by the propensity of melanoma metastasis to the brain, B16F10 cell membranes are camouflaged on 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2)-loaded reactive oxygen species (ROS)-triggered ""Padlock"" nanoparticles that are constructed by phenylboronic acid pinacol esters conjugated D-a-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS-PBAP). The biomimetic nanoparticles (BM@TP/2ME2) can be internalized, mainly mediated by the mutual recognition and interaction between CD44v6 expressed on B16F10 cell membranes and hyaluronic acid on cerebral vascular endothelial cells, and they responsively release 2ME2 by the oxidative stress microenvironment. Notably, BM@TP/2ME2 can scavenge excessive ROS to reestablish redox balance, reverse neuroinflammation, and restore autophagic flux in damaged neurons, eventually exerting a remarkable neuroprotective effect after CA-ROSC in vitro and in vivo. This biomimetic drug delivery system is a novel and promising strategy for the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury after CA-ROSC."
4901,brain tumour,38917687,Brain metastases in clinical trial participants with KRAS-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer receiving docetaxel: Pooled data analysis.,Limited data are available on central nervous system (CNS) efficacy with standard-of-care therapies for KRAS-mutated (KRASmut) advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence and progression of brain metastases in KRASmut advanced NSCLC treated with docetaxel using pooled data from historical clinical trials.
4902,brain tumour,38917510,Targeting histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) to enhance radiation therapy in meningiomas in a 2D and 3D in vitro study.,"External radiation therapy (RT) is often a primary treatment for inoperable meningiomas in the absence of established chemotherapy. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) overexpression, commonly found in cancer, is acknowledged as a driver of cellular growth, and inhibiting HDACs holds promise in improving radiotherapeutic efficacy. Downregulation of HDAC6 facilitates the degradation of β-catenin. This protein is a key element in the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, contributing to the progression of meningiomas."
4903,brain tumour,38917431,Mixed pituitary adenoma/pituitary neuroendocrine tumor-gangliocytoma: Immunohistochemical insights.,"Mixed pituitary adenoma/PitNET-gangliocytomas (PA/PitNET-GC) have been reported in small series over the past 20 years; some had limited immunohistochemistry (IHC) data. We interrogated our experience over 20 years, focusing on patterns of the GC component and IHC results for anterior pituitary hormones, transcription factors, NFP, and CAM5.2. A search of cases from 2002 to 2023 yielded 20 cases: 7M:13F, ages 20-71 years; 17 macroadenomas, 1 microadenoma, 2 ectopic. GC was co-associated with 4 corticotroph, 2 densely granulated lactotroph, 5 mixed lactotroph-somatotroph, 1 immature PIT1-lineage tumor, and 8 sparsely granulated GH; the latter all had a minor lactotroph component. Patterns were: discrete nodular foci of GC (9/20), extensive GC differentiation often overshadowing the PA/PitNET (7/20), and intimate admixture of smaller bands of neuropil and individual metaplastic ganglion cells within PA/PitNET (4/20). NFP highlighted small cohesive regions of neuropil and identified greater axonal content, including individual axons within ""pure"" PA/PitNET areas, than appreciated on H&E. CAM5.2 IHC often revealed cells with neuronal morphologies to a greater extent than NFP and in different areas within the same tumor. These data suggest that the combined use of NFP and CAM5.2 IHC best reveals transition from PA to GC phenotype, with CAM5.2 positivity reflecting earlier stages of transformation."
4904,brain tumour,38917404,Low-Dose Planned Glucarpidase Allows Safe Outpatient High-Dose Methotrexate Treatment for CNS Lymphoma.,"High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) is the backbone of curative therapy for CNS lymphoma. Because of toxicity, MTX is administered in the inpatient setting along with hyperhydration and monitoring until MTX clearance is documented (3-5 days). Frequent hospitalizations result in patient time away from work, home, and exposure to potential iatrogenic/nosocomial complications. Here, we aim to demonstrate feasibility of HD-MTX administration in the outpatient setting with low-dose glucarpidase facilitating clearance."
4905,brain tumour,38917234,Cognitive functions and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with mild autonomous cortisol secretion.,The impact of abnormal cortisol secretion on cognitive functions in patients with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) remains uncertain.
4906,brain tumour,38917107,Improved quantification of tumor adhesion in meningiomas using MR elastography-based slip interface imaging.,"Meningiomas, the most prevalent primary benign intracranial tumors, often exhibit complicated levels of adhesion to adjacent normal tissues, significantly influencing resection and causing postoperative complications. Surgery remains the primary therapeutic approach, and when combined with adjuvant radiotherapy, it effectively controls residual tumors and reduces tumor recurrence when complete removal may cause a neurologic deficit. Previous studies have indicated that slip interface imaging (SII) techniques based on MR elastography (MRE) have promise as a method for sensitively determining the presence of tumor-brain adhesion. In this study, we developed and tested an improved algorithm for assessing tumor-brain adhesion, based on recognition of patterns in MRE-derived normalized octahedral shear strain (NOSS) images. The primary goal was to quantify the tumor interfaces at higher risk for adhesion, offering a precise and objective method to assess meningioma adhesions in 52 meningioma patients. We also investigated the predictive value of MRE-assessed tumor adhesion in meningioma recurrence. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of the improved SII technique in distinguishing the adhesion degrees, particularly complete adhesion. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in adhesion percentages between complete and partial adherent tumors (p = 0.005), and complete and non-adherent tumors (p<0.001). The improved technique demonstrated superior discriminatory ability in identifying tumor adhesion patterns compared to the previously described algorithm, with an AUC of 0.86 vs. 0.72 for distinguishing complete adhesion from others (p = 0.037), and an AUC of 0.72 vs. 0.67 for non-adherent and others. Aggressive tumors exhibiting atypical features showed significantly higher adhesion percentages in recurrence group compared to non-recurrence group (p = 0.042). This study validates the efficacy of the improved SII technique in quantifying meningioma adhesions and demonstrates its potential to affect clinical decision-making. The reliability of the technique, coupled with potential to help predict meningioma recurrence, particularly in aggressive tumor subsets, highlights its promise in guiding treatment strategies."
4907,brain tumour,38916849,High-dose furmonertinib combined with intraventricular chemotherapy as salvage therapy for leptomeningeal metastasis from EGFR exon 20 insertion-mutated lung cancer.,"The treatment of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM), a serious complication of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), presents challenges, particularly in patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations."
4908,brain tumour,38916848,Defining the role of surgery for patients with multiple brain metastases.,"To better define the role of surgery, we investigated survival and functional outcomes in patients with multiple brain metastases."
4909,brain tumour,38916842,Pre-mating exposure with hesperidin protects N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced neurotoxicity and congenital abnormalities in next generation of mice as a model of glioma.,"Chemical carcinogen-induced oxidative stress has a key role in cell signaling linked to the development of cancer. Oxidative stress leads to oxidative damage to cellular membranes, proteins, chromosomes and genetic material. It is thought that compounds like hesperidin with high antioxidant and anticancer potential can reduce development of cancer induced by chemical carcinogens via neutralizing their oxidative damages. We investigated protective effect of hesperidin against N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea (ENU)-induced neurotoxicity, congenital abnormalities and possible brain cancer after exposure of mice during pregnancy as model of glioma. The mice were divided to four groups; control (normal saline), ENU (40 mg/kg daily for three consecutive days from the 17th to the 19th of pregnancy), hesperidin (pretreated with 25 mg/kg for 30 consecutive days, before mating) + ENU and hesperidin alone. Developmental toxicity parameters (the number of pregnant mice, stillbirths, abortion, live and dead offspring), behavioral tests (novel object recognition, open field and elevated plus maze) were performed. Moreover, the activity of butrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase enzymes, oxidative markers and histopathological abnormalities were detected in brain tissue. Our data showed that conversely, the pretreatment of hesperidin reduces various degrees of developmental toxicity, neurobehavioral dysfunction, neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and histopathological abnormalities induced by ENU as a neurotoxic and carcinogenic agent in the next generation. In conclusion, pre-mating exposure with hesperidin may open new avenues for prevention of primary brain cancer in next generation and could be valuable for enhancing the antioxidant defense and minimizing the developmental and neurotoxicity of DNA alkylating agents."
4910,brain tumour,38916827,Pituitary tumor centers of excellence (PTCOE): the next border of acromegaly treatment.,No abstract found
4911,brain tumour,38916448,Exploration of Immune-Modulatory Effects of Amivantamab in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Lung and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.,"Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective first-line therapy for solid cancers. However, low response rate and acquired resistance over time has led to the need for additional therapeutic options. Here, we evaluated synergistic antitumor efficacy of EGFR × MET targeting bispecific antibody, amivantamab with PD-L1 immunotherapy, pembrolizumab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma tumor-bearing humanized patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. We demonstrated that pembrolizumab or amivantamab alone was ineffective and that combination treatment induced a significant reduction of tumor growth in both models (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.01, respectively). It appeared that combination of amivantamab and pembrolizumab significantly enhanced infiltration of granzyme B-producing CD8 T cells was in the TME of HNSCC PDX (P < 0.01) and enhanced neoantigen-associated central memory CD8 T cells in circulating immune cells. Analysis of single-cell RNA transcriptomics suggested that the tumor cells dramatically upregulated EGFR and MET in response to PD-L1 immunotherapy, potentially creating a metabolic state fit for tumor persistence in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and rendered pembrolizumab ineffective. We demonstrated that EGFRHIGHMETHIGH subcluster displayed an increased expression of genes implicated in production of lactate [SLC16A3 and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA)] compared to the EGFRLOWMETLOW cluster. Accumulation of lactate in the TME has been associated with immunosuppression by hindering the infiltration of tumor killing CD8 T and NK cells. This study proved that amivantamab reduced glycolytic markers in the EGFRHIGHMETHIGH subcluster including SLC16A3 and LDHA and highlighted remodeling of the TME by combination treatment, providing rationale for additional therapy of amivantamab with PD-1 immunotherapy."
4912,brain tumour,38916277,'It was never about me': A qualitative inquiry into the experiences of psychological support and perceived support needs of family caregivers of people with high-grade glioma.,"Family caregivers of people with high-grade glioma often report high rates of psychological distress, which has been attributed to the unique aspects of the disease and onerous care demands. Clinical practice guidelines advocate for caregiver support from diagnosis through to end-of-life and bereavement. Yet, research has identified that caregivers' support needs are often overlooked."
4913,brain tumour,38916264,The effects of the combination of temozolomide and Eribulin on T98G human glioblastoma cell line: an ultrastructural study.,"Glioblastoma tumors are the most aggressive primary brain tumors that develop resistance to temozolomide (TMZ). Eribulin (ERB) exhibits a unique mechanism of action by inhibiting microtubule dynamics during the G2/M cell cycle phase. We utilized the T98G human glioma cell line to investigate the effects of ERB and TMZ, both individually and in combination. The experimental groups were established as follows: control, E5 (5 nM ERB), T0.75 (0.75 mM TMZ), T1 (1.0 mM TMZ), and combination groups (E5+T0.75 and E5+T1). All groups showed a significant decrease in cell proliferation. Apoptotic markers revealed a time-dependent increase in annexin-V expression, across all treatment groups at the 48-hour time point. Caspase-3, exhibited an increase in the combination treatment groups at the 48-hour mark. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed normal ultrastructural features in the glioma cells of the control group. However, treatments induced ultrastructural changes within the spheroid glioblastoma model, particularly in the combination groups. These changes included a dose-dependent increase in autophagic vacuoles and apoptotic morphology of the cells. In conclusion, the similarity in the mechanism of action between ERB and TMZ suggests the potential for synergistic effects when combined. Our results highlight that this combination induced severe damage and autophagy in glioma spheroids after 48 hours."
4914,brain tumour,38916239,Pedunculated Neoplasm of the Vulva.,"Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare cutaneous malignancy, typically presenting as eczema-like lesions in areas rich in apocrine glands such as the perineum. Here, we report a case of EMPD presenting as a prominent pedunculated neoplasm in a 65-year-old woman. Despite initial misdiagnosis and treatment, biopsy confirmed EMPD infiltration. Following surgical excision, the patient developed brain metastases, indicating a poor prognosis. EMPD's pathogenesis remains unclear, but distinguishing primary from secondary forms is crucial for prognosis and treatment. Our case underscores the importance of recognizing atypical EMPD presentations for timely intervention and improved outcomes."
4915,brain tumour,38916140,Genome-wide polygenic risk scores predict risk of glioma and molecular subtypes.,"Polygenic risk scores (PRS) aggregate the contribution of many risk variants to provide a personalized genetic susceptibility profile. Since sample sizes of glioma genome-wide association studies (GWAS) remain modest, there is a need to efficiently capture genetic risk using available data."
4916,brain tumour,38916058,The cochlear dose and the age at radiotherapy predict severe hearing loss after passive scattering proton therapy and cisplatin in children with medulloblastoma.,Hearing loss (HL) is associated with worse neurocognitive outcomes among patients with medulloblastoma. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with severe HL and to evaluate the generalizability of a published HL calculator among patients treated with passive scattering proton therapy (PSPT) and cisplatin.
4917,brain tumour,38915980,Central Neurocytoma: A Case Report With Literature Review.,"Central neurocytoma (CN) is a rare, low-grade, neuronal tumor frequently encountered in young adults. Complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice; however, it is associated with grave postoperative complications in a quarter of patients, including neurological (motor weakness, memory deficit, aphasia, and seizure) as well as regional (hydrocephalus, hematoma, infection, and subcutaneous hydrops) complications. Herein, we present a case of a 35-year-old female who presented with decreased vision for the last 7-8 days and headache over the last 1-1.5 years. An ophthalmologic examination suggested papilledema. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain illustrated a well-circumscribed, large, lobulated, altered signal intensity midline intraventricular lesion (72 × 68 mm) attached to the septum pellucidum near the foramen of Monro (FoM) most likely to be CN. The patient underwent complete surgical resection but required re-exploration the next day for hematoma removal due to intraventricular hemorrhage. Over the next 40 days, the patient developed hydrocephalus with transtentorial herniation and succumbed. Histopathological examination (HPE) was suggestive of CN and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was strongly positive for synaptophysin, thus confirming the diagnosis of CN."
4918,brain tumour,38915617,GABA production induced by imipridones is a targetable and imageable metabolic alteration in diffuse midline gliomas.,"Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are lethal primary brain tumors in children. The imipridones ONC201 and ONC206 induce mitochondrial dysfunction and have emerged as promising therapies for DMG patients. However, efficacy as monotherapy is limited, identifying a need for strategies that enhance response. Another hurdle is the lack of biomarkers that report on drug-target engagement at an early timepoint after treatment onset. Here, using "
4919,brain tumour,38915399,Role of gut microbiota in regulating immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant, invasive, and poorly prognosed brain tumor. Unfortunately, active comprehensive treatment does not significantly prolong patient survival. With the deepening of research, it has been found that gut microbiota plays a certain role in GBM, and can directly or indirectly affect the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in various ways. (1) The metabolites produced by gut microbiota directly affect the host's immune homeostasis, and these metabolites can affect the function and distribution of immune cells, promote or inhibit inflammatory responses, affect the phenotype, angiogenesis, inflammatory response, and immune cell infiltration of GBM cells, thereby affecting the effectiveness of ICIs. (2) Some members of the gut microbiota may reverse T cell function inhibition, increase T cell anti-tumor activity, and ultimately improve the efficacy of ICIs by targeting specific immunosuppressive metabolites and cytokines. (3) Some members of the gut microbiota directly participate in the metabolic process of drugs, which can degrade, transform, or produce metabolites, affecting the effective concentration and bioavailability of drugs. Optimizing the structure of the gut microbiota may help improve the efficacy of ICIs. (4) The gut microbiota can also regulate immune cell function and inflammatory status in the brain through gut brain axis communication, indirectly affecting the progression of GBM and the therapeutic response to ICIs. (5) Given the importance of gut microbiota for ICI therapy, researchers have begun exploring the use of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to transplant healthy or optimized gut microbiota to GBM patients, in order to improve their immune status and enhance their response to ICI therapy. Preliminary studies suggest that FMT may enhance the efficacy of ICI therapy in some patients. In summary, gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating ICIs in GBM, and with a deeper understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota and tumor immunity, it is expected to develop more precise and effective personalized ICI therapy strategies for GBM, in order to improve patient prognosis."
4920,brain tumour,38915364,Long-read sequencing for brain tumors.,"Brain tumors and genomics have a long-standing history given that glioblastoma was the first cancer studied by the cancer genome atlas. The numerous and continuous advances through the decades in sequencing technologies have aided in the advanced molecular characterization of brain tumors for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Since the implementation of molecular biomarkers by the WHO CNS in 2016, the genomics of brain tumors has been integrated into diagnostic criteria. Long-read sequencing, also known as third generation sequencing, is an emerging technique that allows for the sequencing of longer DNA segments leading to improved detection of structural variants and epigenetics. These capabilities are opening a way for better characterization of brain tumors. Here, we present a comprehensive summary of the state of the art of third-generation sequencing in the application for brain tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. We discuss the advantages and potential new implementations of long-read sequencing into clinical paradigms for neuro-oncology patients."
4921,brain tumour,38915342,Brain metastases of the mucoepidermoid lung carcinoma: a case report.,"Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, a salivary gland tumor, rarely occurs in bronchial mucous glands. Brain metastases are rarely seen which makes for a challenging diagnosis and treatment approach. A 40-year-old woman presented with confusion, and ataxia, accompanied by a declining Glasgow Coma Score. Brain computerized tomography revealed two hyperdense, postcontrast-enhanced infra- and supratentorial lesions with perifocal edema. First causing obstructive hydrocephalus. The initial surgery involved external ventricular drainage system placement leading to the patient's clinical improvement. After radiological diagnostics, both lesions were resected without complications. Histopathological analysis revealed solid clusters of atypical, polygonal epithelial cells exhibiting mucin production, classified as a poorly differentiated mucoepidermoid carcinoma metastasis which originated from the upper lobe's apicoposterior segment and left lung. The correct treatment approach remains elusive due to the infrequent occurrence and challenging diagnosis. While new oncological and radiosurgery options promise improved overall survival rates, radical resection remains the preferred initial option."
4922,brain tumour,38915059,Astrocytic stress response is induced by exposure to astrocyte-binding antibodies expressed by plasmablasts from pediatric patients with acute transverse myelitis.,"Pediatric acute transverse myelitis (ATM) accounts for 20-30% of children presenting with a first acquired demyelinating syndrome (ADS) and may be the first clinical presentation of a relapsing ADS such as multiple sclerosis (MS). B cells have been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of adult MS. However, little is known about B cells in pediatric MS, and even less so in pediatric ATM. Our lab previously showed that plasmablasts (PB), the earliest B cell subtype producing antibody, are expanded in adult ATM, and that these PBs produce self-reactive antibodies that target neurons. The goal of this study was to examine PB frequency and phenotype, immunoglobulin selection, and B cell receptor reactivity in pediatric patients presenting with ATM to gain insight to B cell involvement in disease."
4923,brain tumour,38914751,Role of renin angiotensin system inhibitors and metformin in Glioblastoma Therapy: a review.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive and incurable disease accounting for about 10,000 deaths in the USA each year. Despite the current treatment approach which includes surgery with chemotherapy and radiation therapy, there remains a high prevalence of recurrence. Notable improvements have been observed in persons receiving concurrent antihypertensive drugs such as renin angiotensin inhibitors (RAS) or the antidiabetic drug metformin with standard therapy. Anti-tumoral effects of RAS inhibitors and metformin have been observed in in vitro and in vivo studies. Although clinical trials have shown mixed results, the potential for the use of RAS inhibitors and metformin as adjuvant GBM therapy remains promising. Nevertheless, evidence suggest that these drugs exert multimodal antitumor actions; by particularly targeting several cancer hallmarks. In this review, we highlight the results of clinical studies using multidrug cocktails containing RAS inhibitors and or metformin added to standard therapy for GBM. In addition, we highlight the possible molecular mechanisms by which these repurposed drugs with an excellent safety profile might elicit their anti-tumoral effects. RAS inhibition elicits anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and immune sensitivity effects in GBM. However, metformin promotes anti-migratory, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects mainly through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Also, we discussed metformin's potential in targeting both GBM cells as well as GBM associated-stem cells. Finally, we summarize a few drug interactions that may cause an additive or antagonistic effect that may lead to adverse effects and influence treatment outcome."
4924,brain tumour,38914649,Discernible interindividual patterns of global efficiency decline during theoretical brain surgery.,"The concept of functional localization within the brain and the associated risk of resecting these areas during removal of infiltrating tumors, such as diffuse gliomas, are well established in neurosurgery. Global efficiency (GE) is a graph theory concept that can be used to simulate connectome disruption following tumor resection. Structural connectivity graphs were created from diffusion tractography obtained from the brains of 80 healthy adults. These graphs were then used to simulate parcellation resection in every gross anatomical region of the cerebrum by identifying every possible combination of adjacent nodes in a graph and then measuring the drop in GE following nodal deletion. Progressive removal of brain parcellations led to patterns of GE decline that were reasonably predictable but had inter-subject differences. Additionally, as expected, there were deletion of some nodes that were worse than others. However, in each lobe examined in every subject, some deletion combinations were worse for GE than removing a greater number of nodes in a different region of the brain. Among certain patients, patterns of common nodes which exhibited worst GE upon removal were identified as ""connectotypes"". Given some evidence in the literature linking GE to certain aspects of neuro-cognitive abilities, investigating these connectotypes could potentially mitigate the impact of brain surgery on cognition."
4925,brain tumour,38914647,Tumor biomechanical stiffness by magnetic resonance elastography predicts surgical outcomes and identifies biomarkers in vestibular schwannoma and meningioma.,"Variations in the biomechanical stiffness of brain tumors can not only influence the difficulty of surgical resection but also impact postoperative outcomes. In a prospective, single-blinded study, we utilize pre-operative magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) to predict the stiffness of intracranial tumors intraoperatively and assess the impact of increased tumor stiffness on clinical outcomes following microsurgical resection of vestibular schwannomas (VS) and meningiomas. MRE measurements significantly correlated with intraoperative tumor stiffness and baseline hearing status of VS patients. Additionally, MRE stiffness was elevated in patients that underwent sub-total tumor resection compared to gross total resection and those with worse postoperative facial nerve function. Furthermore, we identify tumor microenvironment biomarkers of increased stiffness, including αSMA + myogenic fibroblasts, CD163 + macrophages, and HABP (hyaluronic acid binding protein). In a human VS cell line, a dose-dependent upregulation of HAS1-3, enzymes responsible for hyaluronan synthesis, was observed following stimulation with TNFα, a proinflammatory cytokine present in VS. Taken together, MRE is an accurate, non-invasive predictor of tumor stiffness in VS and meningiomas. VS with increased stiffness portends worse preoperative hearing and poorer postoperative outcomes. Moreover, inflammation-mediated hyaluronan deposition may lead to increased stiffness."
4926,brain tumour,38914643,Natural language processing analysis of the theories of people with multiple sclerosis about causes of their disease.,"While potential risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS) have been extensively researched, it remains unclear how persons with MS theorize about their MS. Such theories may affect mental health and treatment adherence. Using natural language processing techniques, we investigated large-scale text data about theories that persons with MS have about the causes of their disease. We examined the topics into which their theories could be grouped and the prevalence of each theory topic."
4927,brain tumour,38914641,"Deep learning models for predicting the survival of patients with medulloblastoma based on a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results analysis.","Medulloblastoma is a malignant neuroepithelial tumor of the central nervous system. Accurate prediction of prognosis is essential for therapeutic decisions in medulloblastoma patients. We analyzed data from 2,322 medulloblastoma patients using the SEER database and randomly divided the dataset into training and testing datasets in a 7:3 ratio. We chose three models to build, one based on neural networks (DeepSurv), one based on ensemble learning that Random Survival Forest (RSF), and a typical Cox Proportional-hazards (CoxPH) model. The DeepSurv model outperformed the RSF and classic CoxPH models with C-indexes of 0.751 and 0.763 for the training and test datasets. Additionally, the DeepSurv model showed better accuracy in predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates (AUC: 0.767-0.793). Therefore, our prediction model based on deep learning algorithms can more accurately predict the survival rate and survival period of medulloblastoma compared to other models."
4928,brain tumour,38914585,Assessment of cerebrovascular alterations induced by inflammatory response and oxidative-nitrative stress after traumatic intracranial hypertension and a potential mitigation strategy.,"The rapid perfusion of cerebral arteries leads to a significant increase in intracranial blood volume, exposing patients with traumatic brain injury to the risk of diffuse brain swelling or malignant brain herniation during decompressive craniectomy. The microcirculation and venous system are also involved in this process, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. A physiological model of extremely high intracranial pressure was created in rats. This development triggered the TNF-α/NF-κB/iNOS axis in microglia, and released many inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species, generating an excessive amount of peroxynitrite. Subsequently, the capillary wall cells especially pericytes exhibited severe degeneration and injury, the blood-brain barrier was disrupted, and a large number of blood cells were deposited within the microcirculation, resulting in a significant delay in the recovery of the microcirculation and venous blood flow compared to arterial flow, and this still persisted after decompressive craniectomy. Infliximab is a monoclonal antibody bound to TNF-α that effectively reduces the activity of TNF-α/NF-κB/iNOS axis. Treatment with Infliximab resulted in downregulation of inflammatory and oxidative-nitrative stress related factors, attenuation of capillary wall cells injury, and relative reduction of capillary hemostasis. These improved the delay in recovery of microcirculation and venous blood flow."
4929,brain tumour,38914542,Histological Hyperspectral Glioblastoma Dataset (HistologyHSI-GB).,"Hyperspectral (HS) imaging (HSI) technology combines the main features of two existing technologies: imaging and spectroscopy. This allows to analyse simultaneously the morphological and chemical attributes of the objects captured by a HS camera. In recent years, the use of HSI provides valuable insights into the interaction between light and biological tissues, and makes it possible to detect patterns, cells, or biomarkers, thus, being able to identify diseases. This work presents the HistologyHSI-GB dataset, which contains 469 HS images from 13 patients diagnosed with brain tumours, specifically glioblastoma. The slides were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and captured using a microscope at 20× power magnification. Skilled histopathologists diagnosed the slides and provided image-level annotations. The dataset was acquired using custom HSI instrumentation, consisting of a microscope equipped with an HS camera covering the spectral range from 400 to 1000 nm."
4930,brain tumour,38914433,Arterial Spin-Labeling Perfusion Lightbulb Sign: An Imaging Biomarker of Pediatric Posterior Fossa Hemangioblastoma.,"Hemangioblastoma is a rare vascular tumor that occurs within the central nervous system in children. Differentiating hemangioblastoma from other posterior fossa tumors can be challenging on imaging, and preoperative diagnosis can change the neurosurgical approach. We hypothesize that a ""lightbulb sign"" on the arterial spin-labeling (ASL) sequence (diffuse homogeneous intense hyperperfusion within the solid component of the tumor) will provide additional imaging finding to differentiate hemangioblastoma from other posterior fossa tumors."
4931,brain tumour,38914432,Prevalence of Rathke Cleft and Other Incidental Pituitary Gland Findings on Contrast-Enhanced 3D Fat-Saturated T1 MPRAGE at 7T MRI.,"A cleftlike nonenhancing hypointensity was observed repeatedly in the pituitary gland at the adenohypophysis/neurohypophysis border on contrast-enhanced 3D fat-saturated T1-MPRAGE using clinical 7T MRI. Our primary goal was to assess the prevalence of this finding. The secondary goals were to evaluate the frequency of other incidental pituitary lesions, MRI artifacts, and their effect on pituitary imaging on the contrast-enhanced 3D fat-saturated T1 MPRAGE at 7T."
4932,brain tumour,38914309,Living Well: Protocol for a web-based program to improve quality of life in rural and urban ovarian cancer survivors.,"Ovarian cancer (OC) survivors commonly experience chronic symptoms including anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, fatigue, physical symptoms, poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and a generally poor prognosis. Additionally, factors such as social isolation, stress, and depression are associated with key biological processes promoting tumor progression and poorer survival. Accessible psychosocial interventions to improve HRQOL and clinical outcomes are needed. This need is particularly true in rural settings where survivors may have less access to clinic-based support systems."
4933,brain tumour,38914147,Beyond conventional imaging: Advancements in MRI for glioma malignancy prediction and molecular profiling.,"This review examines the advancements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and their pivotal role in diagnosing and managing gliomas, the most prevalent primary brain tumors. The paper underscores the importance of integrating modern MRI modalities, such as diffusion-weighted imaging and perfusion MRI, which are essential for assessing glioma malignancy and predicting tumor behavior. Special attention is given to the 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, emphasizing the integration of molecular diagnostics in glioma classification, significantly impacting treatment decisions. The review also explores radiogenomics, which correlates imaging features with molecular markers to tailor personalized treatment strategies. Despite technological progress, MRI protocol standardization and result interpretation challenges persist, affecting diagnostic consistency across different settings. Furthermore, the review addresses MRI's capacity to distinguish between tumor recurrence and pseudoprogression, which is vital for patient management. The necessity for greater standardization and collaborative research to harness MRI's full potential in glioma diagnosis and personalized therapy is highlighted, advocating for an enhanced understanding of glioma biology and more effective treatment approaches."
4934,brain tumour,38914136,Comparison of the Transcranial Approach and Transsphenoidal Approach Based on the Anatomical Location of Origin in Pediatric Craniopharyngiomas.,Various clinical classifications of craniopharyngiomas (CRPs) have been proposed to suggest optimal surgical planning. We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of pediatric CRPs and the clinical significance of anatomical classification in relation to the diaphragm sellae.
4935,brain tumour,38914135,Spontaneous Intraventricular Tension Pneumocephalus.,"Here, we report a very rare case of spontaneous intraventricular tension pneumocephalus. This case concerns a 40-year-old patient with medical history of a tumor of the pineal region and a secondary hydrocephalus treated by multiple ventriculoperitoneal shunts. He presented in the emergency room because of unusual headaches, nausea, and visual loss. In addition, he reported slight rhinorrhea in the past few weeks. The initial brain computed tomography scan revealed a spontaneous intraventricular tension pneumocephalus. There was no history of recent head trauma and no sign of disconnection of the shunt system. A complementary radiologic assessment including a thin-slice bone computed tomography scan and a radioisotope cisternography revealed an osseous defect and an isotope leakage at the junction between the tegmen tympani and the squamous part of the left temporal bone. A middle cranial fossa surgery was performed to repair the osteo-meningeal breach."
4936,brain tumour,38914120,Brain Nocardiosis Mimicking Intracerebral Invasion on 68 Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT in a Patient With Multiple Myeloma.,"Brain nocardiosis is an uncommon but severe disease associated with high mortality. We present a case of brain nocardiosis with elevated tracer uptake on both 68 Ga-pentixafor and 18 F-FDG PET/CT, mimicking intracerebral invasion of multiple myeloma. This case demonstrates that nocardiosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of brain lesions found on PET/CT with increased tracer accumulation in immunocompromised patients."
4937,brain tumour,38914107,"Design, construction, and dosimetry of 3D printed heterogeneous phantoms for synchrotron brain cancer radiation therapy quality assurance.",
4938,brain tumour,38914105,"Intracranial Mesenchymal Tumor, FET-CREB Fusion Positive, Evaluated With 18 F-FET and 18 F-FDG PET/CT.","Intracranial mesenchymal tumor, FET-CREB fusion positive, is a newly recognized and rare CNS tumor that occurs primarily in children and young adults. It is regarded as the intracranial variant of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma. Extracranial angiomatoid fibrous histiocytomas are typically located in the extremities and usually discernible on a 18 F-FDG PET/CT scanning. We present a 50-year-old man with recurrence of a primary intracranial mesenchymal tumor with equivocal 18 F-FDG PET/CT findings but with subsequent highly increased metabolic activity using 18 F-FET PET/CT confirming tumor recurrence. This case highlights the importance of 18 F-FET PET/CT, as opposed to 18 F-FDG, in the clinical evaluation of this rare intracranial mesenchymal tumor."
4939,brain tumour,38914071,Incidental 18 F-Florapronol Uptake in Pituitary Adenoma.,"A 55-year-old man with cognitive impairment underwent 18 F-florapronol brain PET/CT, a diagnostic radiotracer for the visualization of β-amyloid plaques. Brain PET images revealed incidental 18 F-florapronol uptake in the sellar region. The following contrast-enhanced MRI confirmed pituitary adenoma."
4940,brain tumour,38913911,Multitargeted polypharmacotherapy for cancer treatment. theoretical concepts and proposals.,"The pharmacological treatment of cancer has evolved from cytotoxic to molecular targeted therapy. The median survival gains of 124 drugs approved by the FDA from 2003 to 2021 is 2.8 months. Targeted therapy is based on the somatic mutation theory, which has some paradoxes and limitations. While efforts of targeted therapy must continue, we must study newer approaches that could advance therapy and affordability for patients."
4941,brain tumour,38913876,"Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors and granular cell pituicytomas at autopsy: Incidence, cell types, locations, and histogenesis in 150 pituitary glands.",The incidence of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors has been reported high at autopsy. This study aimed to detect many tumors in both anterior and posterior lobes to prove tumor histogenesis.
4942,brain tumour,38913622,,
4943,brain tumour,38913303,A Paradoxical Role for Somatic Chromosomal Mosaicism and Chromosome Instability in Cancer: Theoretical and Technological Aspects.,"Somatic chromosomal mosaicism, chromosome instability, and cancer are intimately linked together. Addressing the role of somatic genome variations (encompassing chromosomal mosaicism and instability) in cancer yields paradoxical results. Firstly, somatic mosaicism for specific chromosomal rearrangement causes cancer per se. Secondly, chromosomal mosaicism and instability are associated with a variety of diseases (chromosomal disorders demonstrating less severe phenotypes, complex diseases), which exhibit cancer predisposition. Chromosome instability syndromes may be considered the best examples of these diseases. Thirdly, chromosomal mosaicism and instability are able to result not only in cancerous diseases but also in non-cancerous disorders (brain diseases, autoimmune diseases, etc.). Currently, the molecular basis for these three outcomes of somatic chromosomal mosaicism and chromosome instability remains incompletely understood. Here, we address possible mechanisms for the aforementioned scenarios using a system analysis model. A number of theoretical models based on studies dedicated to chromosomal mosaicism and chromosome instability seem to be valuable for disentangling and understanding molecular pathways to cancer-causing genome chaos. In addition, technological aspects of uncovering causes and consequences of somatic chromosomal mosaicism and chromosome instability are discussed. In total, molecular cytogenetics, cytogenomics, and system analysis are likely to form a powerful technological alliance for successful research against cancer."
4944,brain tumour,38913230,"Prognostic significance of MRI contrast enhancement in newly diagnosed glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype according to WHO 2021 classification.","Contrast enhancement in glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype is common but not systematic. In the era of the WHO 2021 Classification of CNS Tumors, the prognostic impact of a contrast enhancement and the pattern of contrast enhancement is not clearly elucidated."
4945,brain tumour,38913187,Advanced MRI imaging techniques in pediatric brain tumors.,"There is a diverse array of pediatric brain tumors with considerable associated morbidity. Like adult brain tumors, MRI serves as the primary imaging modality for pediatric brain tumors. In addition to standard sequences, more advanced MRI techniques can enhance the precision of diagnosis and assist in prognostication, and treatment planning. This paper discusses these various advanced techniques categorizing them into those that assist in identifying tissue characteristics, and those that evaluate the functional impact of tumors to aid in treatment planning."
4946,brain tumour,38913026,Excessive STAU1 condensate drives mTOR translation and autophagy dysfunction in neurodegeneration.,"The double-stranded RNA-binding protein Staufen1 (STAU1) regulates a variety of physiological and pathological events via mediating RNA metabolism. STAU1 overabundance was observed in tissues from mouse models and fibroblasts from patients with neurodegenerative diseases, accompanied by enhanced mTOR signaling and impaired autophagic flux, while the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we find that endogenous STAU1 forms dynamic cytoplasmic condensate in normal and tumor cell lines, as well as in mouse Huntington's disease knockin striatal cells. STAU1 condensate recruits target mRNA MTOR at its 5'UTR and promotes its translation both in vitro and in vivo, and thus enhanced formation of STAU1 condensate leads to mTOR hyperactivation and autophagy-lysosome dysfunction. Interference of STAU1 condensate normalizes mTOR levels, ameliorates autophagy-lysosome function, and reduces aggregation of pathological proteins in cellular models of neurodegenerative diseases. These findings highlight the importance of balanced phase separation in physiological processes, suggesting that modulating STAU1 condensate may be a strategy to mitigate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases with STAU1 overabundance."
4947,brain tumour,38912893,"Small Cell Lung Cancer Neuronal Features and Their Implications for Tumor Progression, Metastasis, and Therapy.","Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an epithelial neuroendocrine form of lung cancer for which survival rates remain dismal and new therapeutic approaches are greatly needed. Key biological features of SCLC tumors include fast growth and widespread metastasis, as well as rapid resistance to treatment. Similar to pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, SCLC cells have traits of both hormone-producing cells and neurons. In this study, we specifically discuss the neuronal features of SCLC. We consider how neuronal G protein-coupled receptors and other neuronal molecules on the surface of SCLC cells can contribute to the growth of SCLC tumors and serve as therapeutic targets in SCLC. We also review recent evidence for the role of neuronal programs expressed by SCLC cells in the fast proliferation, migration, and metastasis of these cells. We further highlight how these neuronal programs may be particularly relevant for the development of brain metastases and how they can assist SCLC cells to functionally interact with neurons and astrocytes. A greater understanding of the molecular and cellular neuronal features of SCLC is likely to uncover new vulnerabilities in SCLC cells, which may help develop novel therapeutic approaches. More generally, the epithelial-to-neuronal transition observed during tumor progression in SCLC and other cancer types can contribute significantly to tumor development and response to therapy."
4948,brain tumour,38912869,No benefit from TMZ treatment in glioblastoma with truly unmethylated MGMT promoter: Reanalysis of the CE.6 and the pooled Nordic/NOA-08 trials in elderly glioblastoma patients.,"The treatment of elderly/ frail patients with glioblastoma is a balance between avoiding undue toxicity, while not withholding effective treatment. It remains debated, whether these patients should receive combined chemo-radiotherapy with temozolomide (RT/TMZ→TMZ) regardless of the O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase gene promoter (MGMTp) methylation status. MGMT is a well-known resistance factor blunting the treatment effect of TMZ, by repairing the most genotoxic lesion. Epigenetic silencing of the MGMTp sensitizes glioblastoma to TMZ. For risk-adapted treatment, it is of utmost importance to accurately identify patients, who will not benefit from TMZ treatment."
4949,brain tumour,38912865,Resveratrol alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell death and improves functional prognosis after traumatic brain injury in mice.,"Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenol antioxidant that has been shown to have neuroprotective effects. We sought molecular mechanisms that emphasize the anti-inflammatory activity of RSV in traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). After establishing three experimental groups (sham, TBI, and TBI+RSV), we explored the results of RSV after TBI on ERS and caspase-12 apoptotic pathways. The expression levels of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), glucose regulated protein 78kD (GRP78), caspase-3, and caspase-12 in cortical brain tissues were assessed by western blotting. The qPCR analysis was also performed on mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β in cortical brain tissue. In addition, the expression of GRP78 in microglia (ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1; Iba-1) and neurons (neuronal nuclei; NeuN) was identified by immunofluorescence staining. The neurological function of mice was assessed by modified neurological severity scores (mNSS). After drug treatment, the expression of CHOP, GRP78, caspase-3 and caspase-12 decreased, and qPCR results showed that TNF-α and IL-1β were down-regulated. Immunofluorescence staining showed down-regulation of Iba-1+/GRP78+ and NeuN+/GRP78+ cells after RSV treatment. The mNSS analysis confirmed improvement after RSV treatment. RSV improved apoptosis by downregulating the ERS signaling pathway and improved neurological prognosis in mice with TBI."
4950,brain tumour,38912846,"The biological significance of tumor grade, age, enhancement, and extent of resection in IDH-mutant gliomas: How should they inform treatment decisions in the era of IDH inhibitors?","The 2016 and 2021 World Health Organization 2021 Classification of central nervous system tumors have resulted in a major improvement in the classification of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant gliomas. With more effective treatments many patients experience prolonged survival. However, treatment guidelines are often still based on information from historical series comprising both patients with IDH wild-type and IDH-mutant tumors. They provide recommendations for radiotherapy and chemotherapy for so-called high-risk patients, usually based on residual tumor after surgery and age over 40. More up-to-date studies give a better insight into clinical, radiological, and molecular factors associated with the outcome of patients with IDH-mutant glioma. These insights should be used today for risk stratification and for treatment decisions. In many patients with IDH-mutant grades 2 and 3 glioma, if carefully monitored postponing radiotherapy and chemotherapy is safe, and will not jeopardize the overall outcome of patients. With the INDIGO trial showing patient benefit from the IDH inhibitor vorasidenib, there is a sizable population in which it seems reasonable to try this class of agents before recommending radio-chemotherapy with its delayed adverse event profile affecting quality of survival. Ongoing trials should help to further identify the patients that are benefiting from this treatment."
4951,brain tumour,38912784,Patients May Return to Work Sooner After Laminoplasty: Occupational Outcomes of the Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Surgical Trial.,"Return-to-work (RTW) is an important outcome for employed patients considering surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). We conducted a post hoc analysis of patients as-treated in the Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Surgical Trial, a prospective, randomized trial comparing surgical approaches for CSM to evaluate factors associated with RTW."
4952,brain tumour,38912661,"Integrin receptor-targeted, doxorubicin-loaded cerium oxide nanoparticles delivery to combat glioblastoma.",
4953,brain tumour,38912649,Matrix stiffness influences response to chemo and targeted therapy in brain metastatic breast cancer cells.,Breast cancer is the most common malignancy accounting for 12.5% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases across the globe. Breast cancer cells are known to metastasize to distant organs (
4954,brain tumour,38912055,"Case report: Pediatric low-grade gliomas: a fine balance between treatment options, timing of therapy, symptom management and quality of life.","Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) are the most common brain tumor in children and encompass a wide range of histologies. Treatment may pose challenges, especially in those incompletely resected or those with multiple recurrence or progression."
4955,brain tumour,38911612,Co-designing a recruitment strategy for lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals: protocol for a mixed-methods study.,"Lung cancer is a significant cause of cancer-related mortality globally, with early detection through screening critical to improving patient outcomes. However, recruiting high-risk individuals, particularly in deprived populations, for screening remains a considerable challenge. This study aims to co-design a targeted recruitment strategy for lung cancer screening, tailored to the specific needs and experiences of high-risk individuals, in collaboration with a Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) panel and expert stakeholders in Ireland."
4956,brain tumour,38910770,Comparative Analysis of Inflammatory Indexes in Lung Cancer Patients With and Without Brain Metastases.,"Introduction Lung cancer is the leading cause of oncological deaths worldwide. Various combined inflammatory indexes, such as the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have shown associations with pretreatment survival prognosis in patients suffering of lung cancer with or without brain metastases. This study aimed to compare the average values of NLR, PLR, LMR, and SII in healthy patients, patients with lung cancer without any other metastases, and patients with lung cancer and brain metastases. Materials and methods In this prospective study, we have divided the patients into three groups: Group 1 included patients diagnosed with lung cancer and one or more brain metastases of lung cancer origin, Group 2 included patients diagnosed with lung cancer without known metastases, and Group 3 was the control group which included healthy subjects. Preoperative complete blood counts were extracted for all included patients and we calculated the values of SII, NLR, PLR, and LMR for each individual patient in each group. The next step was to calculate the average values of SII, NLR, PLR, and LMR for each group of patients and to identify the differences between groups. Results A total number of 228 patients were enrolled in the study. Group 1 included 67 patients with average values of SII = 2020.98, NLR = 7.25, PLR = 199.46, and LMR = 2.97. Group 2 included 88 patients with average values of SII = 1638.01, NLR = 4.58, PLR = 188.42, and LMR = 3.43. Group 3 included 73 subjects with the following average values of the inflammatory indexes: SII = 577.41, NLR = 2.34, PLR = 117.84, and LMR = 3.56. Conclusion We observed statistically significant differences in SII, NLR, and PLR among the three groups of patients, suggesting their potential role as prognostic markers. Furthermore, our analysis revealed significant correlations between inflammatory markers within lung cancer patients, highlighting their involvement in tumor microenvironment modulation. Our findings demonstrate an escalation in SII, NLR, and PLR values as the disease progresses. These parameters of inflammation and immune status are readily and cost-effectively, and repeatedly assessable in routine clinical practice."
4957,brain tumour,38910629,Radioimaging Presentation of a Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Lung in a 13-Year-Old Female: A Case Report.,"Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are unprecedented threatening neoplasms beginning from primitive neuroectodermal cells. PNETs are reported as the predominant incidence observed in children and young adults with a high mortality rate. These neuroectodermal tumors are quite aggressive with a life expectancy of eight months on average. PNETs belong to the family of small round cell tumors majorly affecting bones and soft tissues in different body parts such as the brain, lungs, spine, and pelvic region. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play a major role in giving the size, extent, and resectability of the tumors. A confirmed diagnosis is then made by histopathology and immunohistochemistry markers. This report depicts a case of PNET found within the right lung of a 13-year-old female, enumerating the clinical introduction, demonstrative handle, treatment modalities, and results. The case underscores the significance of precise conclusions and multidisciplinary approaches in pediatric PNET cases. Once the provisional diagnosis of pleuropulmonary blastoma or PNET was given on CT, a conformational histopathological examination was carried out. Histopathological analysis confirmed the final diagnosis of PNET, and the patient underwent neoadjuvant therapy as the tumor was non-resectable due to its massive size."
4958,brain tumour,38910589,Isolated Abducens Nerve Palsy: A Rare Manifestation of Recurrent Extramedullary Myeloma.,"Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell neoplasm, which may present as a solitary plasmacytoma and, uncommonly, as an extramedullary plasmacytoma. Intracranial plasmacytomas may manifest in central nervous system involvement as cranial nerve palsies. Cranial nerve six palsy is the most common in cases of malignancy. However, isolated abducens palsy presenting as multiple myeloma recurrence is very uncommon. Here, we detail two cases in which intracranial plasmacytoma lesions were present within the region of the Dorello canal, resulting in acute isolated unilateral diplopia from disease recurrence in the absence of systemic marrow involvement."
4959,brain tumour,38910076,Brain tumor-associated epilepsies in adulthood: Current state of diagnostic and individual treatment options.,"Brain tumors are one of the most frequent causes of structural epilepsy and set a major burden on treatment costs and the social integrity of patients. Although promising oncological treatment strategies are already available, epileptological treatment is often intractable and requires lifelong epileptological care. Therefore, treatment strategies must be adapted to age-related needs, and specific aspects of late-onset epilepsy (LOE) must be considered. The practical implementation of individual decisions from tumor boards and the current state of the art in scientific knowledge about pathological mechanisms, modern diagnostic procedures and biomarkers, and patient-individualized treatment options into practical epileptological disease management is a prerequisite. This narrative review focuses on the current work progress regarding pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. Exemplarily, interdisciplinary approaches for optimized individualized therapy will be discussed, emphasizing the combination of neurological-epileptological and oncological perspectives."
4960,brain tumour,38909753,Practical Nomograms and Risk Stratification System for Predicting the Overall and Cancer-specific Survival in Patients with Anaplastic Astrocytoma.,Anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) is an uncommon primary brain tumor with highly variable clinical outcomes. Our study aimed to develop practical tools for clinical decision-making in a population-based cohort study.
4961,brain tumour,38909550,Predictors of functional outcomes following spinal meningioma surgery. A single-center retrospective experience of 59 cases.,"To better predict the postoperative functional outcomes of patients operated on for a spinal meningioma, we assessed: 1) the prevalence of good and poor postoperative functional outcomes following surgery; 2) the impact of age and frailty on postoperative functional outcomes."
4962,brain tumour,38909494,A quinolinyl resveratrol derivative alleviates acute ischemic stroke injury by promoting mitophagy for neuroprotection via targeting CK2α'.,"Ischemic stroke (IS) is a serious threat to human health. The naturally derived small molecule (E)-5-(2-(quinolin-4-yl) ethenyl) benzene-1,3-diol (RV01) is a quinolinyl analog of resveratrol with great potential in the treatment of IS. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanisms and targets for the protective effect of the RV01 on IS. The mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) and oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) models were employed to evaluate the effects of RV01 on ischemic injury and neuroprotection. RV01 was found to significantly increase the survival of SH-SY5Y cells and prevent OGD/R-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, RV01 reduced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage by promoting mitophagy in OGD/R-exposed SH-SY5Y cells. Knockdown of CK2α' abolished the RV01-mediated promotion on mitophagy and alleviation on mitochondrial damage as well as neuronal injury after OGD/R. These results were further confirmed by molecular docking, drug affinity responsive target stability and cellular thermal shift assay analysis. Importantly, in vivo study showed that treatment with the CK2α' inhibitor CX-4945 abolished the RV01-mediated alleviation of cerebral infarct volume, brain edema, cerebral blood flow and neurological deficit in MCAO/R mice. These data suggest that RV01 effectively reduces damage caused by acute ischemic stroke by promoting mitophagy through its interaction with CK2α'. These findings offer valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms through which RV01 exerts its therapeutic effects on IS."
4963,brain tumour,38909405,Differential expression of cancer-related lncRNAs in different subtypes of pituitary adenomas.,"Recent investigations have demonstrated abnormal expression of non-coding RNAs in pituitary adenomas. Cntribution of many lncRNAs to the pathogenesis of these tumors has not been evaluated yet. HOTTIP, ANRIL, PANDAR, PCGEM1 and HOTAIR are among lncRNAs with established roles in the pathogenesis of human cancers, particularly those originated from endocrine organs. The current study aims at assessment of expression of these lncRNAs in pituitary adenomas in comparison with the adjacent non-cancerous pituitary tissues. HOTAIR expression was absent from the majority of adenoma and non-tumoral samples. Expression of HOTTIP was significantly higher in non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) samples compared with paired normal samples (expression ratio (95 % CI)= 2.1 (1.13-2.1), P value=0.03). Expression of PANDAR was higher in total adenoma samples compared with paired normal samples (expression ratio (95 % CI)= 1.91 (1.16-3.13), P value=0.02). Expression of ANRIL was higher in NFPA samples compared with paired normal samples (expression ratio (95 % CI)= 1.94 (1.05-3.6), P value=0.048) and in total adenoma samples compared with paired normal samples (expression ratio (95 % CI)= 1.82 (1.11-2.98), P value=0.025). The current study raises the possibility of contribution of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of at least some subtypes of pituitary adenomas and warrant further functional studies in this field."
4964,brain tumour,38909340,"IDH1 mutation is associated with improved resection rates, progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with anaplastic astrocytomas.","The introduction of molecular markers in to the diagnosis of gliomas has changed the therapeutic approach to this tumors. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of surgery on anaplastic astrocytomas (AA), which has not previously been fully elucidated."
4965,brain tumour,38909277,A Rare Case of Stroke in a 76-Year-Old Woman: Left Atrial Papillary Fibroelastoma as the Culprit.,"BACKGROUND Papillary fibroelastoma is the most common type of benign primary cardiac tumor and is usually asymptomatic. However, tumor fragments or surface thrombus can embolize and cause transient ischemic attacks, strokes, or myocardial infarction. This report describes a 76-year-old woman who presented with dysarthria and right-sided weakness due to a stroke associated with a left atrial papillary fibroelastoma. CASE REPORT A 76-year-old woman visited the Emergency Department because she had right-sided weakness and dysarthria from 12 h ago. Brain magnetic resonance image was done at the Emergency Department, showing multiple small embolic, acute infarction in left basal ganglia and fronto-temporo-parietal lobes. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiogram showed a hypermobile echogenic mass (0.8×1.5 cm) with villous surface on the orifice of left atrial appendage. Twenty-four-hour Holter monitoring was performed to evaluate the cause of cerebral infarction, and there was no paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Thoracic computed tomography angiography also showed a sea anemone-shaped mass around the left atrial appendage. Cardiac tumor excision was done via a lower partial sternotomy. Histopathologic analysis showed multiple delicate fronds, and the avascular fibroelastic cores were lined by a single layer of CD31-positive endothelial cells. Histopathologic findings were consistent with papillary fibroelastoma. The patient was discharged without any other complications on day 30 of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS This case highlights the importance of cardiac imaging in patients with acute stroke, including transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, which can show the typical imaging features of papillary fibroelastoma and other intracardiac sources of embolus."
4966,brain tumour,38909228,Saliency-driven explainable deep learning in medical imaging: bridging visual explainability and statistical quantitative analysis.,"Deep learning shows great promise for medical image analysis but often lacks explainability, hindering its adoption in healthcare. Attribution techniques that explain model reasoning can potentially increase trust in deep learning among clinical stakeholders. In the literature, much of the research on attribution in medical imaging focuses on visual inspection rather than statistical quantitative analysis.In this paper, we proposed an image-based saliency framework to enhance the explainability of deep learning models in medical image analysis. We use adaptive path-based gradient integration, gradient-free techniques, and class activation mapping along with its derivatives to attribute predictions from brain tumor MRI and COVID-19 chest X-ray datasets made by recent deep convolutional neural network models.The proposed framework integrates qualitative and statistical quantitative assessments, employing Accuracy Information Curves (AICs) and Softmax Information Curves (SICs) to measure the effectiveness of saliency methods in retaining critical image information and their correlation with model predictions. Visual inspections indicate that methods such as ScoreCAM, XRAI, GradCAM, and GradCAM++ consistently produce focused and clinically interpretable attribution maps. These methods highlighted possible biomarkers, exposed model biases, and offered insights into the links between input features and predictions, demonstrating their ability to elucidate model reasoning on these datasets. Empirical evaluations reveal that ScoreCAM and XRAI are particularly effective in retaining relevant image regions, as reflected in their higher AUC values. However, SICs highlight variability, with instances of random saliency masks outperforming established methods, emphasizing the need for combining visual and empirical metrics for a comprehensive evaluation.The results underscore the importance of selecting appropriate saliency methods for specific medical imaging tasks and suggest that combining qualitative and quantitative approaches can enhance the transparency, trustworthiness, and clinical adoption of deep learning models in healthcare. This study advances model explainability to increase trust in deep learning among healthcare stakeholders by revealing the rationale behind predictions. Future research should refine empirical metrics for stability and reliability, include more diverse imaging modalities, and focus on improving model explainability to support clinical decision-making."
4967,brain tumour,38909166,DNAJC1 facilitates glioblastoma progression by promoting extracellular matrix reorganization and macrophage infiltration.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a high-grade and heterogeneous subtype of glioma that presents a substantial challenge to human health, characterized by a poor prognosis and low survival rates. Despite its known involvement in regulating leukemia and melanoma, the function and mechanism of DNAJC1 in GBM remain poorly understood."
4968,brain tumour,38909089,P4HA2 hydroxylates SUFU to regulate the paracrine Hedgehog signaling and promote B-cell lymphoma progression.,"Aberrations in the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway are significantly prevailed in various cancers, including B-cell lymphoma. A critical facet of Hh signal transduction involves the dynamic regulation of the suppressor of fused homolog (SUFU)-glioma-associated oncogene homolog (GLI) complex within the kinesin family member 7 (KIF7)-supported ciliary tip compartment. However, the specific post-translational modifications of SUFU-GLI complex within this context have remained largely unexplored. Our study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism involving prolyl 4-hydroxylase 2 (P4HA2), which forms a complex with KIF7 and is essential for signal transduction of Hh pathway. We demonstrate that, upon Hh pathway activation, P4HA2 relocates alongside KIF7 to the ciliary tip. Here, it hydroxylates SUFU to inhibit its function, thus amplifying the Hh signaling. Moreover, the absence of P4HA2 significantly impedes B lymphoma progression. This effect can be attributed to the suppression of Hh signaling in stromal fibroblasts, resulting in decreased growth factors essential for malignant proliferation of B lymphoma cells. Our findings highlight the role of P4HA2-mediated hydroxylation in modulating Hh signaling and propose a novel stromal-targeted therapeutic strategy for B-cell lymphoma."
4969,brain tumour,38909035,Mechano-inhibition of endocytosis sensitizes cancer cells to Fas-induced Apoptosis.,"The transmembrane death receptor Fas transduces apoptotic signals upon binding its ligand, FasL. Although Fas is highly expressed in cancer cells, insufficient cell surface Fas expression desensitizes cancer cells to Fas-induced apoptosis. Here, we show that the increase in Fas microaggregate formation on the plasma membrane in response to the inhibition of endocytosis sensitizes cancer cells to Fas-induced apoptosis. We used a clinically accessible Rho-kinase inhibitor, fasudil, that reduces endocytosis dynamics by increasing plasma membrane tension. In combination with exogenous soluble FasL (sFasL), fasudil promoted cancer cell apoptosis, but this collaborative effect was substantially weaker in nonmalignant cells. The combination of sFasL and fasudil prevented glioblastoma cell growth in embryonic stem cell-derived brain organoids and induced tumor regression in a xenograft mouse model. Our results demonstrate that sFasL has strong potential for apoptosis-directed cancer therapy when Fas microaggregate formation is augmented by mechano-inhibition of endocytosis."
4970,brain tumour,38908887,Presurgical diagnosis of diffuse gliomas in adults: Post-WHO 2021 practical perspectives from radiologists in neuro-oncology units.,"The 2021 World Health Organization classification of CNS tumours was greeted with enthusiasm as well as an initial potential overwhelm. However, with time and experience, our understanding of its key aspects has notably improved. Using our collective expertise gained in neuro-oncology units in hospitals in different countries, we have compiled a practical guide for radiologists that clarifies the classification criteria for diffuse gliomas in adults. Its format is clear and concise to facilitate its incorporation into everyday clinical practice. The document includes a historical overview of the classifications and highlights the most important recent additions. It describes the main types in detail with an emphasis on their appearance on imaging. The authors also address the most debated issues in recent years. It will better prepare radiologists to conduct accurate presurgical diagnoses and collaborate effectively in clinical decision making, thus impacting decisions on treatment, prognosis, and overall patient care."
4971,brain tumour,38908756,Auto-loaded TRAIL-exosomes derived from induced neural stem cells for brain cancer therapy.,"Transdifferentiation (TD), a somatic cell reprogramming process that eliminates pluripotent intermediates, creates cells that are ideal for personalized anti-cancer therapy. Here, we provide the first evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from TD-derived induced neural stem cells (Exo-iNSCs) are an efficacious treatment strategy for brain cancer. We found that genetically engineered iNSCs generated EVs loaded with the tumoricidal gene product TRAIL at nearly twice the rate of their parental fibroblasts, and TRAIL produced by iNSCs was naturally loaded into the lumen of EVs and arrayed across their outer membrane (Exo-iNSC-TRAIL). Uptake studies in ex vivo organotypic brain slice cultures showed that Exo-iNSC-TRAIL selectively accumulates within tumor foci, and co-culture assays demonstrated that Exo-iNSC-TRAIL killed metastatic and primary brain cancer cells more effectively than free TRAIL. In an orthotopic mouse model of brain cancer, Exo-iNSC-TRAIL reduced breast-to-brain tumor xenografts by approximately 3000-fold compared to treatment with free TRAIL, with all Exo-iNSC-TRAIL treated animals surviving through 90 days post-treatment. In additional in vivo testing against aggressive U87 and invasive GBM8 glioblastoma tumors, Exo-iNSC-TRAIL also induced a statistically significant increase in survival. These studies establish a novel, easily generated, stable, tumor-targeted EV to efficaciously treat multiple forms of brain cancer."
4972,brain tumour,38908684,Cranio-Orbital Pretemporal Approach for Microsurgical Resection of Hypothalamic Rosette Forming Glioneuronal Tumor with Reversal of Preoperative Blindness: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.,The hypothalamic region is susceptible to involvement of several processes.
4973,brain tumour,38908498,Radiation-induced Chronic Pain Plagues Head and Neck Cancer Survivors: A Cross-sectional Analysis From the Cohort in Radiotherapy-related Nervous System Complications.,"The epidemiology and prognosis of radiation-induced chronic pain, especially chronic neuropathic pain (CNP), are the understudied domain among head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors after radiotherapy (RT). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of such chronic pain, and explore its correlations with mental health, sleep disorders, cognitive function, and quality of life (QOL) within these patients. This research encompassed HNC survivors post RT. The determination of radiation-induced chronic pain and CNP adhered to the guidelines outlined by the International Association for the Study of Pain. Multivariable regression analyses were employed to explore the relationship between pain and anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, cognitive function, and QOL. A total of 1,071 HNC survivors post RT were included in this study. The prevalence of radiation-induced chronic pain was 67.1%, and the prevalence of RT-associated CNP was 38.3%. Compared with those reporting no pain, patients with radiation-induced chronic pain had a significantly increased risk of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders (all P < .001). And there was a significantly negative association between chronic pain and QOL across physiological (P < .001), psychological (P < .001), social relationships (P = .001), and environmental (P = .009) domains. Compared with non-CNP, patients with RT-related CNP had a higher risk of anxiety (P = .027) and sleep disorders (P = .013). The significantly negative associations were found between CNP and the physiological (P = .001), psychological (P = .012), and social score (P = .035) in World Health Organisation Quality of Life Assessment-Bref. This study underscores the substantial prevalence of chronic pain, particularly CNP, and its potential impact on the mental health, sleep, and QOL among HNC survivors post RT. PERSPECTIVE: This study highlights the high prevalence of radiation-induced chronic pain and CNP, and their potential impacts on anxiety, depression, sleep, and QOL among the HNC survivors. Clinically, these findings have important implications for improving the care and outcomes of HNC survivors."
4974,brain tumour,38908427,Activated AMP-protein kinase (pAMPK) is overexpressed in human somatotroph pituitary adenomas.,"AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is an enzyme that acts as a metabolic sensor and regulates multiple pathways via phosphorylating proteins in metabolic and proliferative pathways. The aim of this work was to study the activated cellular AMPK (phosphorylated-AMPK at Thr172, pAMPK) levels in pituitary tumor samples from patients with sporadic and familial acromegaly, as well as in samples from normal human pituitary gland."
4975,brain tumour,38908132,Clinical effects of neuroendoscopic infratentorial supracerebellar approach surgical technique for resecting pineal tumors: a retrospective study.,Pineal tumors are relatively rare central nervous system lesions with a predilection for the pediatric population. This article aims to explore the clinical effects of neuroendoscopic infratentorial supracerebellar approach for resecting tumors in the pineal area.
4976,brain tumour,38908079,Targeting TNF-α: The therapeutic potential of certolizumab pegol in the early period of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice.,"The neuroinflammatory response triggered by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is characterized by the upsurge of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, which promote leukocyte infiltration and subsequent accumulation in the ischemic zone. This accumulation further intensifies inflammation and aggravates ischemic damage. Certolizumab pegol (CZP), a monoclonal antibody targeting TNF-α, is widely used in treating various inflammatory diseases. This study explored the therapeutic potential of CZP in a mouse model of CIRI, induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), focusing on its influence on the microglial inflammatory response. In vitro analyses revealed that CZP markedly inhibits TNF-α-stimulated inflammation in primary microglia with an EC"
4977,brain tumour,38907981,[Frontal aslant tract: Anatomy and implications in brain glioma neurosurgery].,"The frontal aslant tract (FAT) connects the supplementary motor area (SMA) with the pars opercularis. Its role in language and its implications in glioma surgery remain under discussion. We present an anatomosurgical study of three cases with surgical resolution. Three patients with gliomas in the left frontal lobe were operated on using an awake patient protocol with cortical and subcortical mapping techniques, conducting motor and language evaluations. Tractography was performed using DSI Studio software. All three patients showed intraoperative language inhibition through subcortical stimulation of the FAT. Resection involving the FAT correlated with language deficits in all cases and movement initiation deficits in two cases. All patients recovered from their deficits at six months postoperatively. In conclusion, the tract has been successfully reconstructed, showing both anatomical and functional complexity, supporting the idea of its mapping and preservation in glioma surgery. Future interdisciplinary studies are necessary to determine the transient or permanent nature of the deficits."
4978,brain tumour,38907965,[Pituitary metastases: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge].,"Sellar metastases (SM) are rare manifestations of malignancy. Breast and lung cancer are the most common primary tumors. Most cases are diagnosed in patients with advanced malignant disease; however, symptoms of pituitary involvement can precede the diagnosis of the primary tumor."
4979,brain tumour,38907949,Correlation of LLT-1 and NLRC4 inflammasome and its effect on glioblastoma prognosis.,"LLT-1 is a well-known ligand for the natural killer (NK) cell inhibitory receptor NKRP1A. Here, we examined NLRC4 inflammasome components and LLT-1 expression in glioblastoma (GBM) tissues to elucidate potential associations and interactions between these factors."
4980,brain tumour,38907902,In Silico: Predicting Intrinsic Features of HLA Class-I Restricted Neoantigens.,"Mutation-containing immunogenic peptides from tumor cells, also named as neoantigens, have various amino acid descriptors and physical-chemical properties characterized intrinsic features, which are useful in prioritizing the immunogenicity potentials of neoantigens and predicting patients' survival. Here, we describe a glioma neoantigen intrinsic feature database, GNIFdb, that hosts computationally predicted HLA-I restricted neoantigens of gliomas, their intrinsic features, and the tools for calculating intrinsic features and predicting overall survival of gliomas. We illustrate the application of GNIFdb in searching for possible neoantigen candidates from ATF6 that plays important roles in tumor growth and resistance to radiotherapy in glioblastoma. We also demonstrate the application of intrinsic feature associated tools in GNIFdb to predict the overall survival of primary IDH wild-type glioblastoma."
4981,brain tumour,38907858,Combination of tumor antigen drainage and immune activation to promote a cancer-immunity cycle against glioblastoma.,"While conventional cancer modalities, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, act through direct killing of tumor cells, cancer immunotherapy elicits potent anti-tumor immune responses thereby eliminating tumors. Nevertheless, promising outcomes have not been reported in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) likely due to the immune privileged status of the central nervous system and immunosuppressive micro-environment within GBM. In the past years, several exciting findings, such as the re-discovery of meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs), three-dimensional anatomical reconstruction of MLV networks, and the demonstration of the promotion of GBM immunosurveillance by lymphatic drainage enhancement, have revealed an intricate communication between the nervous and immune systems, and brought hope for the development of new GBM treatment. Based on conceptual framework of the updated cancer-immunity (CI) cycle, here we focus on GBM antigen drainage and immune activation, the early events in driving the CI cycle. We also discuss the implications of these findings for developing new therapeutic approaches in tackling fatal GBM in the future."
4982,brain tumour,38907776,Pharmacological Modulation of the Cytosolic Oscillator Affects Glioblastoma Cell Biology.,"The circadian system is a conserved time-keeping machinery that regulates a wide range of processes such as sleep/wake, feeding/fasting, and activity/rest cycles to coordinate behavior and physiology. Circadian disruption can be a contributing factor in the development of metabolic diseases, inflammatory disorders, and higher risk of cancer. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive grade 4 brain tumor that is resistant to conventional therapies and has a poor prognosis after diagnosis, with a median survival of only 12-15 months. GBM cells kept in culture were shown to contain a functional circadian oscillator. In seeking more efficient therapies with lower side effects, we evaluated the pharmacological modulation of the circadian clock by targeting the cytosolic kinases glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and casein kinase 1 ε/δ (CK1ε/δ) with specific inhibitors (CHIR99021 and PF670462, respectively), the cryptochrome protein stabilizer (KL001), or circadian disruption after Per2 knockdown expression in GBM-derived cells. CHIR99021-treated cells had a significant effect on cell viability, clock protein expression, migration, and cell cycle distribution. Moreover, cultures exhibited higher levels of reactive oxygen species and alterations in lipid droplet content after GSK-3 inhibition compared to control cells. The combined treatment of CHIR99021 with temozolomide was found to improve the effect on cell viability compared to temozolomide therapy alone. Per2 disruption affected both GBM migration and cell cycle progression. Overall, our results suggest that pharmacological modulation or molecular clock disruption severely affects GBM cell biology."
4983,brain tumour,38907774,PIT-EASY survey: validation of the European Pituitary Pathology Group proposal for reporting pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.,"The aim of this multicenter prospective survey called PIT-EASY was to assess the relevance of the European Pituitary Pathology Group (EPPG) diagnostic tools for pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) to improve the quality of their histological diagnosis. Each center performed at least 30 histological cases of PitNETs using the EPPG tools and assessed their value using a scorecard with 10 questions. For each center, the histological cases were carried out by pathologists with varying levels of expertise in pituitary pathology defined as junior, intermediate, and expert. Two hundred and ninety histological cases were collected from six French and Italian centers. The three EPPG tools were validated and regarded as helpful for a more accurate and time-efficient diagnosis. The usefulness of level 2 and level 3 of the ""EPPG's multi-step approach for immunohistochemistry"" including pituitary transcription factors (PIT1, TPIT, and SF1) and chromogranin, SSTRs, and P53 respectively was higher in ""other non-functioning"" (silent plurihormonal PIT1, silent corticotroph, and null cell): 88% vs 32%, p < 10-6 and 42% vs 14%, p = 0.002, respectively. The diagnostic algorithm proved more useful for junior pathologists (p = 0.0001) and those with intermediate experience. PIT-EASY survey confirmed the importance of a standardized approach to PitNETs for an accurate and reproducible diagnosis and served as validation of the EPPG proposal. The tool appeared to be of practical value to junior participants and staff with intermediate experience for safe routine diagnostic reporting."
4984,brain tumour,38907265,Factors associated with the local control of brain metastases: a systematic search and machine learning application.,"Enhancing Local Control (LC) of brain metastases is pivotal for improving overall survival, which makes the prediction of local treatment failure a crucial aspect of treatment planning. Understanding the factors that influence LC of brain metastases is imperative for optimizing treatment strategies and subsequently extending overall survival. Machine learning algorithms may help to identify factors that predict outcomes."
4985,brain tumour,38907215,Apatinib combined with temozolomide in diffuse midline glioma: a novel and effective therapy.,"Diffuse midline glioma (DMG), H3 K27M-mutant is a type of diffuse high-grade glioma that occurs in the brain midline carrying an extremely poor prognosis under the best efforts of surgery, radiation, and other therapies. For better therapy, we explored the efficacy and toxicity of a novel therapy that combines apatinib and temozolomide in DMG."
4986,brain tumour,38907098,Pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma radiotherapy response prediction: MRI morphology and T2 intensity-based quantitative analyses.,"An easy-to-implement MRI model for predicting partial response (PR) postradiotherapy for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is lacking. Utilizing quantitative T2 signal intensity and introducing a visual evaluation method based on T2 signal intensity heterogeneity, and compared MRI radiomic models for predicting radiotherapy response in pediatric patients with DIPG."
4987,brain tumour,38907068,µPhos: a scalable and sensitive platform for high-dimensional phosphoproteomics.,"Mass spectrometry has revolutionized cell signaling research by vastly simplifying the analysis of many thousands of phosphorylation sites in the human proteome. Defining the cellular response to perturbations is crucial for further illuminating the functionality of the phosphoproteome. Here we describe µPhos ('microPhos'), an accessible phosphoproteomics platform that permits phosphopeptide enrichment from 96-well cell culture and small tissue amounts in <8 h total processing time. By greatly minimizing transfer steps and liquid volumes, we demonstrate increased sensitivity, >90% selectivity, and excellent quantitative reproducibility. Employing highly sensitive trapped ion mobility mass spectrometry, we quantify ~17,000 Class I phosphosites in a human cancer cell line using 20 µg starting material, and confidently localize ~6200 phosphosites from 1 µg. This depth covers key signaling pathways, rendering sample-limited applications and perturbation experiments with hundreds of samples viable. We employ µPhos to study drug- and time-dependent response signatures in a leukemia cell line, and by quantifying 30,000 Class I phosphosites in the mouse brain we reveal distinct spatial kinase activities in subregions of the hippocampal formation."
4988,brain tumour,38907038,Prediction of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation status in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma using MRI histogram analysis.,"To evaluate the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) histogram parameters in predicting O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter (pMGMT) methylation status in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma (GBM). From November 2021 to July 2023, forty-six IDH-wildtype GBM patients with known pMGMT methylation status (25 unmethylated and 21 methylated) were enrolled in this retrospective study. Conventional MRI signs (including location, across the midline, margin, necrosis/cystic changes, hemorrhage, and enhancement pattern) were assessed and recorded. Histogram parameters were extracted and calculated by Firevoxel software based on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images (CET1). Differences and diagnostic performance of conventional MRI signs and histogram parameters between the pMGMT-unmethylated and pMGMT-methylated groups were analyzed and compared. No differences were observed in the conventional MRI signs between pMGMT-unmethylated and pMGMT-methylated groups (all p > 0.05). Compared with the pMGMT-methylated group, pMGMT-unmethylated showed a higher minimum, mean, Perc.01, Perc.05, Perc.10, Perc.25, Perc.50, and coefficient of variation (CV) (all p < 0.05). Among all significant CET1 histogram parameters, minimum achieved the best distinguishing performance, with an area under the curve of 0.836. CET1 histogram parameters could provide additional value in predicting pMGMT methylation status in patients with IDH-wildtype GBM, with minimum being the most promising parameter."
4989,brain tumour,38906916,Temozolomide promotes matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression through p38 MAPK and JNK pathways in glioblastoma cells.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and deadly brain cancer. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the standard chemotherapeutic agent for GBM, but the majority of patients experience recurrence and invasion of tumor cells. We investigated whether TMZ treatment of GBM cells regulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which have the main function to promote tumor cell invasion. TMZ effectively killed GL261, U343, and U87MG cells at a concentration of 500 µM, and surviving cells upregulated MMP9 expression and its activity but not those of MMP2. TMZ also elevated levels of MMP9 mRNA and MMP9 promoter activity. Subcutaneous graft tumors survived from TMZ treatment also exhibited increased expression of MMP9 and enhanced gelatinolytic activity. TMZ-mediated MMP9 upregulation was specifically mediated through the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK. This then stimulates AP-1 activity through the upregulation of c-Fos and c-Jun. Inhibition of the p38, JNK, or both pathways counteracted the TMZ-induced upregulation of MMP9 and AP-1. This study proposes a potential adverse effect of TMZ treatment for GBM: upregulation of MMP9 expression potentially associated with increased invasion and poor prognosis. This study also provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms by which TMZ treatment leads to increased MMP9 expression in GBM cells."
4990,brain tumour,38906885,ATM inhibition exploits checkpoint defects and ATM-dependent double strand break repair in TP53-mutant glioblastoma.,"Determining the balance between DNA double strand break repair (DSBR) pathways is essential for understanding treatment response in cancer. We report a method for simultaneously measuring non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination (HR), and microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ). Using this method, we show that patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) samples with acquired temozolomide (TMZ) resistance display elevated HR and MMEJ activity, suggesting that these pathways contribute to treatment resistance. We screen clinically relevant small molecules for DSBR inhibition with the aim of identifying improved GBM combination therapy regimens. We identify the ATM kinase inhibitor, AZD1390, as a potent dual HR/MMEJ inhibitor that suppresses radiation-induced phosphorylation of DSBR proteins, blocks DSB end resection, and enhances the cytotoxic effects of TMZ in treatment-naïve and treatment-resistant GBMs with TP53 mutation. We further show that a combination of G2/M checkpoint deficiency and reliance upon ATM-dependent DSBR renders TP53 mutant GBMs hypersensitive to TMZ/AZD1390 and radiation/AZD1390 combinations. This report identifies ATM-dependent HR and MMEJ as targetable resistance mechanisms in TP53-mutant GBM and establishes an approach for simultaneously measuring multiple DSBR pathways in treatment selection and oncology research."
4991,brain tumour,38906852,Multiomics integration-based immunological characterizations of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma in relation to keratinization.,"Although adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) is a tumour with low histological malignancy, there are very few therapeutic options other than surgery. ACP has high histological complexity, and the unique features of the immunological microenvironment within ACP remain elusive. Further elucidation of the tumour microenvironment is particularly important to expand our knowledge of potential therapeutic targets. Here, we performed integrative analysis of 58,081 nuclei through single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics on ACP specimens to characterize the features and intercellular network within the microenvironment. The ACP environment is highly immunosuppressive with low levels of T-cell infiltration/cytotoxicity. Moreover, tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), which originate from distinct sources, highly infiltrate the microenvironment. Using spatial transcriptomic data, we observed one kind of non-microglial derived TAM that highly expressed GPNMB close to the terminally differentiated epithelial cell characterized by RHCG, and this colocalization was verified by asmFISH. We also found the positive correlation of infiltration between these two cell types in datasets with larger cohort. According to intercellular communication analysis, we report a regulatory network that could facilitate the keratinization of RHCG"
4992,brain tumour,38906671,Preoperative Assessment of Meningioma Consistency Using a Combination of MR Elastography and DTI.,Preoperative assessment of meningioma consistency is beneficial for optimizing surgical strategy and prognosis of patients. We aim to develop a noninvasive prediction model for meningioma consistency utilizing MR elastography and DTI.
4993,brain tumour,38906477,National Trends and Factors Associated with Voluntary Refusal of Glioblastoma Treatment: A Retrospective Review of the National Cancer Database.,"Adherence to combinatorial treatments are important predictors of improved long-term outcomes for patients with glioblastoma (GB); however, factors associated with refusal of surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy (RT) by patients with GB have not been studied."
4994,brain tumour,38906465,Navigating the Neurosurgery Match Process: Insights from the National Resident Matching Program - Program Director Surveys.,"Neurosurgery is one of the most competitive specialties, and navigating the match process is often challenging for aspiring applicants. Here, we analyze insights from the National Resident Matching Program Director Surveys, illustrating evolving trends in applicant selection for interviews and for the ranking process, and providing a comparison with other specialties."
4995,brain tumour,38906350,The smart nanocarrier containing zein/starch co-biopolymers enhanced by graphitic carbon nitride; exploring opportunities in brain cancer treatment.,"In this investigation, we present an innovative pH-responsive nanocomposite designed to address challenges associated with using 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in cancer therapy. The nanocomposite containing zein (Z), starch (S), and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C"
4996,brain tumour,38905749,Brain intratumoural astatine-211 radiotherapy targeting syndecan-1 leads to durable glioblastoma remission and immune memory in female mice.,"Glioblastoma (GB), the most aggressive brain cancer, remains a critical clinical challenge due to its resistance to conventional treatments. Here, we introduce a locoregional targeted-α-therapy (TAT) with the rat monoclonal antibody 9E7.4 targeting murine syndecan-1 (SDC1) coupled to the α-emitter radionuclide astatine-211 ("
4997,brain tumour,38905716,Brain tumor surgery guided by navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation mapping for arithmetic calculation.,"The onco-functional balance represents the primary goal in neuro-oncology. The increasing use of navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) allows the noninvasive characterization of cortical functional anatomy, and its reliability for motor and language mapping has previously been validated. Calculation and arithmetic processing has not been studied with nTMS so far. In this study, the authors present their preliminary data concerning nTMS calculation."
4998,brain tumour,38905571,MEK Inhibition in a Pilocytic Astrocytoma With a Rare ,This case illustrates the utility and impact of molecular testing and molecular tumor board discussion in the management of AYA patients with brain tumors.
4999,brain tumour,38905570,Breast Cancer Brain Metastases: Challenges and Opportunities.,No abstract found
5000,brain tumour,38905536,Tovorafenib (Ojemda) for pediatric low-grade glioma.,No abstract found
5001,brain tumour,38905366,Palliative surgery versus non-surgery of the solitary metastatic lesion in De novo metastatic breast cancer: A SEER based study.,"This study aimed to evaluate whether palliative surgery for metastatic lesion could provide a survival benefit in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients with solitary metastasis. De novo MBC patients with solitary distant lesions were enrolled utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to form matched pairs of the surgery group and the non-surgery group. The breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) outcomes between the 2 groups were compared in the following 3 sample models: the entire cohort of MBC (7665 cases); subgroups of patients with different isolated metastatic organs; and subgroups of patients with different molecular subtypes for each isolated metastatic organ. Compared with the Non-surgery group, the surgery group showed better BCSS and OS before PSM (HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79-0.99, P = .04 and HR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.76-0.95, P = .006, respectively). After PSM, palliative surgery still provided an OS benefit in patients with brain metastasis and lung metastasis (HR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.37-0.95, P = .01 and HR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.45-0.90, P = .02, respectively). Likewise, a better BCSS benefit was also found in the subset of patients with brain metastasis (HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.38-1.00, P = .01). Further stratification analysis indicated that patients with the luminal A subtype with brain metastasis have a better BCSS (HR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.16-0.79, P = .04) and OS (HR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.18-0.75, P = .03) after undergoing palliative surgery than nonsurgical treatment. Our study originality showed that palliative surgery for metastatic lesion could improve survival prognosis in patients with special single-organ metastasis and specific molecular subtypes. More clinical studies are needed to determine whether palliative surgery should be performed in MBC patients."
5002,brain tumour,38905345,Androgen deprivation therapy exacerbates Alzheimer's-associated cognitive decline via increased brain immune cell infiltration.,"Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer is associated with an increased risk of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The mechanistic connection between ADT and AD-related cognitive impairment in patients with prostate cancer remains elusive. We established a clinically relevant prostate cancer-bearing AD mouse model to explore this. Both tumor-bearing and ADT induce complex changes in immune and inflammatory responses in peripheral blood and in the brain. ADT disrupts the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and promotes immune cell infiltration into the brain, enhancing neuroinflammation and gliosis without affecting the amyloid plaque load. Moreover, treatment with natalizumab, an FDA-approved drug targeting peripheral immune cell infiltration, reduces neuroinflammation and improves cognitive function in this model. Our study uncovers an inflammatory mechanism, extending beyond amyloid pathology, that underlies ADT-exacerbated cognitive deficits, and suggests natalizumab as a potentially effective treatment in alleviating the detrimental effects of ADT on cognition."
5003,brain tumour,38904925,"Comment on ""Clinical course after Carmustine wafer implantation for newly-diagnosed adult-type diffuse gliomas; a controlled propensity matched analysis of a single center cohort"".",No abstract found
5004,brain tumour,38904924,"Neurosurgical resection of multiple brain metastases: outcomes, complications, and survival rates in a retrospective analysis.",This study investigates the outcomes of microsurgical resection of multiple brain metastasis (BMs).
5005,brain tumour,38904885,Neurosurgical short-term outcomes for pediatric medulloblastoma patients and molecular correlations: a 10-year single-center observation cohort study.,"This study examined the risk factors for short-term outcomes, focusing particularly on the associations among molecular subgroups. The analysis focused on the data of pediatric patients with medulloblastoma between 2013 and 2023, as well as operative complications, length of stay from surgery to adjuvant treatment, 30-day unplanned reoperation, unplanned readmission, and mortality. 148 patients were included. Patients with the SHH TP53-wildtype exhibited a lower incidence of complications (45.2% vs. 66.0%, odds ratio [OR] 0.358, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.160 - 0.802). Female sex (0.437, 0.207 - 0.919) was identified as an independent protective factor for complications, and brainstem involvement (1.900, 1.297 - 2.784) was identified as a risk factor. Surgical time was associated with an increased risk of complications (1.004, 1.001 - 1.008), duration of hospitalization (1.006, 1.003 - 1.010), and reoperation (1.003, 1.001 - 1.006). Age was found to be a predictor of improved outcomes, as each additional year was associated with a 14.1% decrease in the likelihood of experiencing a prolonged length of stay (0.859, 0.772 - 0.956). Patients without metastasis exhibited a reduced risk of reoperation (0.322, 0.133 - 0.784) and readmission (0.208, 0.074 - 0.581). There is a significant degree of variability in the occurrence of operative complications in pediatric patients with medulloblastoma. SHH TP53-wildtype medulloblastoma is commonly correlated with a decreased incidence of complications. The short-term outcomes of patients are influenced by various unmodifiable endogenous factors. These findings could enhance the knowledge of onconeurosurgeons and alleviate the challenges associated with patient/parent education through personalized risk communication. However, the importance of a dedicated center with expertise surgical team and experienced neurosurgeon in improving neurosurgical outcomes appears self-evident."
5006,brain tumour,38904769,Intramedullary pediatric low-grade glioma of the spine.,"Pediatric intramedullary spinal cord low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) are rare diagnoses among central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the pediatric population. The classic presentation of the patients includes some degree of neurologic deficit, although many times the symptoms are vague which leads to delayed diagnosis."
5007,brain tumour,38904586,Enhanced anti-tumor activity mediated by combination chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting GD2 and GPC2 in high-risk neuroblastoma.,"Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells targeting single antigens show limited activity against solid tumors due to poor T cell persistence, low efficiency infiltration, and exhaustion together with heterogeneous tumor-associated antigen (TAA) expression. This is also true in high-risk neuroblastoma (HRNB), a lethal pediatric extracranial malignancy. To overcome these obstacles, a combinational strategy using GD2-specific and GPC2-specific CAR-T cells was developed to improve immunotherapeutic efficacy."
5008,brain tumour,38904264,PTP4A2 Promotes Glioblastoma Progression and Macrophage Polarization under Microenvironmental Pressure.,"Phosphatase of regenerating liver 2 (also known as PTP4A2) has been linked to cancer progression. Still, its exact role in glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive type of primary brain tumor, remains elusive. In this study, we report that pharmacologic treatment using JMS-053, a pan-phosphatase of regenerating liver inhibitor, inhibits GBM cell viability and spheroid growth. We also show that PTP4A2 is associated with a poor prognosis in gliomas, and its expression correlates with GBM aggressiveness. Using a GBM orthotopic xenograft model, we show that PTP4A2 overexpression promotes tumor growth and reduces mouse survival. Furthermore, PTP4A2 deletion leads to increased apoptosis and proinflammatory signals. Using a syngeneic GBM model, we show that depletion of PTP4A2 reduces tumor growth and induces a shift in the tumor microenvironment (TME) toward an immunosuppressive state. In vitro assays show that cell proliferation is not affected in PTP4A2-deficient or -overexpressing cells, highlighting the importance of the microenvironment in PTP4A2 functions. Collectively, our results indicate that PTP4A2 promotes GBM growth in response to microenvironmental pressure and support the rationale for targeting PTP4A2 as a therapeutic strategy against GBM."
5009,brain tumour,38904200,"The pathogenic response of cytotoxic T‑lymphocytes, a common therapeutic target for cancer, has a direct impact on treatment outcomes (Review).","Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), also known as CD8"
5010,brain tumour,38903860,Integrated re-analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic datasets reveals potential mechanisms for Zika viral-based oncolytic therapy in neuroblastoma.,"Paediatric neuroblastoma and brain tumours account for a third of all childhood cancer-related mortality. High-risk neuroblastoma is highly aggressive and survival is poor despite intensive multi-modal therapies with significant toxicity. Novel therapies are desperately needed. The Zika virus (ZIKV) can access the nervous system and there is growing interest in employing ZIKV as a potential therapy against paediatric nervous system tumours, including neuroblastoma."
5011,brain tumour,38903499,The potential of bacterial anti-phagocytic proteins in suppressing the clearance of extracellular vesicles mediated by host phagocytosis.,"Extracellular vesicles (EVs), characterized by low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility and targeting specificity along with excellent blood-brain barrier permeability, are increasingly recognized as promising drug delivery vehicles for treating a variety of diseases, such as cancer, inflammation and viral infection. However, recent findings demonstrate that the intracellular delivery efficiency of EVs fall short of expectations due to phagocytic clearance mediated by the host mononuclear phagocyte system through Fcγ receptors, complement receptors as well as non-opsonic phagocytic receptors. In this text, we investigate a range of bacterial virulence proteins that antagonize host phagocytic machinery, aiming to explore their potential in engineering EVs to counteract phagocytosis. Special emphasis is placed on IdeS secreted by "
5012,brain tumour,38903358,Treatment Challenges in a Patient With Two Distinct Malignancies and Brain Metastases.,"Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death among men worldwide. Brain metastases from PC are very rare, often presenting in advanced stages of the disease, and are associated with a poor prognosis. Treatment is complex and may involve surgery or radiotherapy. We present the case of a 64-year-old male diagnosed with localized prostate adenocarcinoma, initially treated with pelvic radiotherapy associated with long-term hormonal treatment. While on this hormonal treatment, around one year after radical treatment initiation, he developed bilateral pulmonary metastases, histologically proven to be related to PC, defining a state of metastatic castration-resistant PC. He was asymptomatic and therefore treatment with enzalutamide was initiated. A partial response to the lung lesions was obtained and maintained for more than a year, at which time new mediastinal lymph node metastases were identified. An endobronchial ultrasound biopsy revealed metastases from carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation, favoring lung small-cell carcinoma. The patient started chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide, with a response. Due to the progression of the mediastinal lymph nodes after eight months, the patient had to undergo chemotherapy again, this time in combination with atezolizumab, with once again partial response. Given the possibility of drug interactions, enzalutamide was suspended during both cycles of chemotherapy and successfully reintroduced afterward. Three months after restarting enzalutamide, he began complaining of headaches. Brain imaging revealed a single frontobasal lesion, without evidence of simultaneous extracerebral progression. Considering the epileptogenic potential of enzalutamide, it was again suspended. The patient underwent surgery and histology revealed metastases of prostate adenocarcinoma, a very rare finding. Systemic re-staging after surgery revealed the progression of cerebral and extra-cerebral disease. The patient is currently proposed for treatment with whole brain radiotherapy and chemotherapy with docetaxel. This case demonstrates the difficulties associated with the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with two distinct neoplasms. Therapy choices were necessarily adjusted because of significant drug interactions. The diagnosis of brain lesions was the last complication, and it proved to be a challenge as it is a rare entity, with optimal management options not being well established."
5013,brain tumour,38902944,Leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors: A Society for Neuro-Oncology and American Society of Clinical Oncology consensus review on clinical management and future directions.,"Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) are increasingly becoming recognized as a treatable, yet generally incurable, complication of advanced cancer. As modern cancer therapeutics have prolonged the lives of patients with metastatic cancer, specifically in patients with parenchymal brain metastases, treatment options, and clinical research protocols for patients with LM from solid tumors have similarly evolved to improve survival within specific populations. Recent expansions in clinical investigation, early diagnosis, and drug development have given rise to new unanswered questions. These include leptomeningeal metastasis biology and preferred animal modeling, epidemiology in the modern cancer population, ensuring validation and accessibility of newer leptomeningeal metastasis diagnostics, best clinical practices with multimodality treatment options, clinical trial design and standardization of response assessments, and avenues worthy of further research. An international group of multi-disciplinary experts in the research and management of LM, supported by the Society for Neuro-Oncology and American Society of Clinical Oncology, were assembled to reach a consensus opinion on these pressing topics and provide a roadmap for future directions. Our hope is that these recommendations will accelerate collaboration and progress in the field of LM and serve as a platform for further discussion and patient advocacy."
5014,brain tumour,38902917,Intracranial Parasitic Fetus in a Living Infant: A Case Study with Surgical Intervention and Prognosis Analysis.,"BACKGROUND Fetus in fetu (FIF), or parasitic fetus, is a rare malformation that typically occurs in the retroperitoneum, but can be found in other unusual locations, such as the skull, sacrum, and mouth. The presence of a spine is necessary for diagnosis. CASE REPORT Intracranial FIFs were retrospectively studied. Abnormalities were detected in the fetal head during a 33-week prenatal examination; however, MRI could not provide more information, due to space occupation. A baby girl was born via cesarean delivery at 37 weeks, with a large head circumference. She had delays in motor skills and speech development, only able to say ""mom"". There was a large mass in the cerebral hemisphere, with a 13-cm maximum diameter, smooth boundary, and internal bone structure visible on head CT scan. Both ventricles and third ventricle had hydrops, with a fetal shape at a continuous level, along with apparent compression near the cerebral parenchyma. After performing preoperative examinations, laboratory tests, and surgical planning, craniotomy was performed on the FIF, under general anesthesia. Following complete mass resection, mouth, eye, arm, and hand shapes could be observed. The patient was unconscious after surgery and had seizures that were difficult to control. She died 12 days after surgery. Teratomas can be distinguished based on anatomy and imaging. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment and its prognosis is poor. CONCLUSIONS Intracranial FIF cases are rare and require early diagnosis and surgical treatment. Differentiating between FIF and teratoma is crucial, and monitoring alpha-fetoprotein levels after surgery can help detect recurrence."
5015,brain tumour,38902810,"A multi-institutional series of a novel, recurrent TRIM24::MET fusion-driven infant-type hemispheric glioma reveals significant clinico-pathological heterogeneity.","Within the past decade, incremental integration of molecular characteristics into the classification of central nervous system neoplasms increasingly facilitated precise diagnosis and advanced stratification, beyond potentially providing the foundation for advanced targeted therapies. We report a series of three cases of infant-type hemispheric glioma (IHG) involving three infants diagnosed with neuroepithelial tumors of the cerebral hemispheres harboring a novel, recurrent TRIM24::MET fusion. Histopathology showed glial tumors with either low-grade or high-grade characteristics, while molecular characterization found an additional homozygous CDKN2A/B deletion in two cases. Two patients showed leptomeningeal dissemination, while multiple supra- and infratentorial tumor manifestations were found in one case. Following subtotal resection (two cases) and biopsy (one case), treatment intensity of adjuvant chemotherapy regimens did not reflect in the progression patterns within the reported cases. Two patients showed progression after first-line treatment, of which one patient died not responding to tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib. As the detection of a recurrent TRIM24::MET fusion expands the spectrum of renowned driving fusion genes in IHG, this comparative illustration may indicate a distinct clinico-pathological heterogeneity of tumors bearing this driver alteration. Upfront clinical trials of IHG promoting further characterization and the implementation of individualized therapies involving receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition are required."
5016,brain tumour,38902646,Paradoxical effect of dopamine-agonists on IGF-1 in patients with prolactinoma: the role of weight.,"An increase of IGF-1 has been reported during therapy with dopamine agonists (DA) for prolactinomas; in such cases a correct diagnosis is pivotal to avoid an unnecessary reduction or withdrawal of DA, which are needed to maintain normal prolactin levels. This study was aimed to measure IGF-1 levels, at baseline and during follow-up, in a cohort of patients with prolactinoma, treated with cabergoline, stratified by body mass index."
5017,brain tumour,38902561,"Dosimetric evaluation and treatment planning considerations for GammaTile permanent brain implants - a pilot, institutional experience.","GammaTile® (GT) is a brachytherapy platform that received Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approval as brain tumor therapy in late 2018. Here, we reviewed our institutional experience with GT as treatment for recurrent glioblastomas and characterized dosimetric parameter and associated clinical outcome."
5018,brain tumour,38902532,Zurletrectinib is a next-generation TRK inhibitor with strong intracranial activity against NTRK fusion-positive tumours with on-target resistance to first-generation agents.,"While NTRK fusion-positive cancers can be exquisitely sensitive to first-generation TRK inhibitors, resistance inevitably occurs, mediated in many cases by acquired NTRK mutations. Next-generation inhibitors (e.g., selitrectinib, repotrectinib) maintain activity against these TRK mutant tumors; however, there are no next-generation TRK inhibitors approved by the FDA and select trials have stopped treating patients. Thus, the identification of novel, potent and specific next-generation TRK inhibitors is a high priority."
5019,brain tumour,38902484,Meningioma grading via diagnostic imaging: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Meningioma is the most common intracranial tumor, graded on pathology using WHO criteria to predict tumor course and treatment. However, pathological grading via biopsy may not be possible in cases with poor surgical access due to tumor location. Therefore, our systematic review aims to evaluate whether diagnostic imaging features can differentiate high grade (HG) from low grade (LG) meningiomas as an alternative to pathological grading."
5020,brain tumour,38902433,Minimally-invasive implantable device enhances brain cancer suppression.,"Current brain tumor treatments are limited by the skull and BBB, leading to poor prognosis and short survival for glioma patients. We introduce a novel minimally-invasive brain tumor suppression (MIBTS) device combining personalized intracranial electric field therapy with in-situ chemotherapeutic coating. The core of our MIBTS technique is a wireless-ultrasound-powered, chip-sized, lightweight device with all functional circuits encapsulated in a small but efficient ""Swiss-roll"" structure, guaranteeing enhanced energy conversion while requiring tiny implantation windows ( ~ 3 × 5 mm), which favors broad consumers acceptance and easy-to-use of the device. Compared with existing technologies, competitive advantages in terms of tumor suppressive efficacy and therapeutic resolution were noticed, with maximum "
5021,brain tumour,38902220,Palliative Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for a Small Part of a Large Vestibular Schwannoma in an Elderly Patient.,"We report a case of a large vestibular schwannoma in an 80-year-old female patient that shrank after palliative Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS). Neurological symptoms included hearing deterioration and facial palsy. The tumor volume was 21.9 mL. Craniotomy was considered high-risk, and conventional GKS was risky, owing to the risk of transient enlargement. Therefore, GKS was performed on only a portion of the tumor. The marginal dose (12 Gy) volume was 3.8 mL (17.4%). The tumor began to shrink after transient enlargement. Sixty months later, the tumor volume was only 3.1 mL, and the patient was able to maintain independent activities of daily living without salvage treatment."
5022,brain tumour,38901824,Clinical Outcomes of Surgery after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.,"Clinical outcomes of surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy have not been investigated for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC), despite well-established outcomes in borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC). This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of patients with LAPC who underwent curative resection following neoadjuvant chemotherapy."
5023,brain tumour,38901641,Modulation of choline and lactate metabolism by basic fibroblast growth factor mitigates neuroinflammation in type 2 diabetes: Insights from ,"Type 2 diabetes (T2D), a chronic metabolic disease, occurs brain dysfunction accompanied with neuroinflammation and metabolic disorders. The neuroprotective effects of the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) have been well studied. However, the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of bFGF remains elusive."
5024,brain tumour,38901620,Co-axial electrosprayed RAD001-loaded polycaprolactone/polyvinyl alcohol core-shell particles for treating pediatric brain tumours.,"Core-shell particles composed of polycaprolactone/polyvinyl alcohol (PCL/PVA) with pH sensitive properties were successfully fabricated by co-axial electrospraying in which PVA and PCL formed the shell and core layers respectively. The core-shell structure was confirmed by FTIR, DSC and SEM analysis. No chemical interaction between PVA and PCL core-shell were observed in the FTIR analysis. The RAD001 loaded core-shell particles showed a sustained and pH dependent drug release and was assayed via our previously developed HPLC method. After indirect treatment of the PF-A cells with the core-shell particles for 24 h and 5 days a decrease in cell viability was observed. Additionally, a comparison was made with our previously developed nanoparticles containing 2 %PVA-14 %SOL®-0.6 % RAD001, for the cell viability study on ependymoma. Our findings show that optimised core-shell particles exerted a significant effect for the 24 h and 5 day treatment however further studies are required to ensure toxicity of the control core-shell particles with no drug is reduced. In comparison, the 2 %PVA-14 %SOL®-0.6 %RAD001 uniaxial electrosprayed nanoparticles also exerted a toxicity effect decreasing cell viability with no toxicity observed for the control nanoparticles as well. Such pH-sensitive core-shell particles, which can degrade effectively in either acidic or neutral condition, have great potential for application in the biomedical field."
5025,brain tumour,38901497,Oncolytic virotherapy improves immunotherapies targeting cancer stemness in glioblastoma.,"Despite advances in cancer therapies, glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most resistant and recurrent tumor in the central nervous system. GBM tumor microenvironment (TME) is a highly dynamic landscape consistent with alteration in tumor infiltration cells, playing a critical role in tumor progression and invasion. In addition, glioma stem cells (GSCs) with self-renewal capability promote tumor recurrence and induce therapy resistance, which all have complicated eradication of GBM with existing therapies. Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising field of therapy that can kill tumor cells in a targeted manner. Manipulated oncolytic viruses (OVs) improve cancer immunotherapy by directly lysis tumor cells, infiltrating antitumor cells, inducing immunogenic cell death, and sensitizing immune-resistant TME to an immune-responsive hot state. Importantly, OVs can target stemness-driven GBM progression. In this review, we will discuss how OVs as a therapeutic option target GBM, especially the GSC subpopulation, and induce immunogenicity to remodel the TME, which subsequently enhances immunotherapies' efficiency."
5026,brain tumour,38901484,Financing of Neurosurgical Care for Brain Tumors in Low- and Middle-Income Countries : A Scoping Review of Barriers and Strategies.,"Making neurosurgical care accessible to a larger portion of the population in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is integral due to the high mortality and morbidity associated with brain tumors. However, the high cost of care often makes it financially out of reach for many individuals. Therefore, this review aims to identify barriers to neurosurgical care of brain tumors in terms of financing in LMICs."
5027,brain tumour,38901153,Epidemiological trends and factors associated with survival in patients with medulloblastoma: A 45-year population-based retrospective study.,"Medulloblastoma (MB) is a primary brain malignancy. However, updated epidemiological data and long-term outcomes are lacking.The clinical and epidemiological datasets of patients with MB in the current study were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) databases. Joinpoint regression models were used to assess the rate of changes in the incidence, prevalence, and treatment trends in patients with MB. Cox hazard and competition risk model analyses were used to assess overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS).The age-adjusted incidence of MB remained relatively stable at 0.15 per 100,000 individuals in 2019. The annual percentage change (APC) of females remained stable, whereas that of males increased over time. The 20-year limited-duration prevalence of patients with MB increased significantly from 0.00016 % in 1999 to 0.00203 % in 2018. Patients aged 5-19 years accounted for 46.7 % of all age groups, and the trend for the three treatments was increased. Average annual percentage change (AAPC) for the chemotherapy group was increased in patients aged 20 + years MB [AAPC = 2.66 (95 % CI 0.93-6.31)]. Multivariate analysis revealed that OS and CSS varied significantly according to age, year of diagnosis, histology, stage, surgery, and radiotherapy. Subgroup analysis showed that chemotherapy was associated with a favorable prognosis in high-risk groups.The incidence of MB remained relatively stable, and its prevalence increased significantly. This current population-based study further identified the prognostic factors in patients with MB. Moreover, the use of chemotherapy was associated with better survival in high-risk groups."
5028,brain tumour,38901074,Using diffusion MRI to understand white matter damage and the link between brain microstructure and cognitive deficits in paediatric medulloblastoma patients.,"Survivors of medulloblastoma face a range of challenges after treatment, involving behavioural, cognitive, language and motor skills. Post-treatment outcomes are associated with structural changes within the brain resulting from both the tumour and the treatment. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to investigate the microstructure of the brain. In this review, we aim to summarise the literature on diffusion MRI in patients treated for medulloblastoma and discuss future directions on how diffusion imaging can be used to improve patient quality."
5029,brain tumour,38900900,An unexpected corridor to brain metastasis.,Breast cancer cells migrate from the bone marrow to the leptomeninges.
5030,brain tumour,38900896,Breast cancer exploits neural signaling pathways for bone-to-meninges metastasis.,"The molecular mechanisms that regulate breast cancer cell (BCC) metastasis and proliferation within the leptomeninges (LM) are poorly understood, which limits the development of effective therapies. In this work, we show that BCCs in mice can invade the LM by abluminal migration along blood vessels that connect vertebral or calvarial bone marrow and meninges, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. This process is dependent on BCC engagement with vascular basement membrane laminin through expression of the neuronal pathfinding molecule integrin α6. Once in the LM, BCCs colocalize with perivascular meningeal macrophages and induce their expression of the prosurvival neurotrophin glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Intrathecal GDNF blockade, macrophage-specific GDNF ablation, or deletion of the GDNF receptor neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) from BCCs inhibits breast cancer growth within the LM. These data suggest integrin α6 and the GDNF signaling axis as new therapeutic targets against breast cancer LM metastasis."
5031,brain tumour,38900643,Transcriptional regulation of CYR61 and CTGF by LM98: a synthetic YAP-TEAD inhibitor that targets in-vitro vasculogenic mimicry in glioblastoma cells.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly angiogenic malignancy of the central nervous system that resists standard antiangiogenic therapy, in part because of an alternative process to angiogenesis termed vasculogenic mimicry. Intricately linked to GBM, dysregulation of the Hippo signaling pathway leads to overexpression of YAP/TEAD and several downstream effectors involved in therapy resistance. Little is known about whether vasculogenic mimicry and the Hippo pathway intersect in the GBM chemoresistance phenotype. This study seeks to investigate the expression patterns of Hippo pathway regulators within clinically annotated GBM samples, examining their involvement in vitro regarding vasculogenic mimicry. In addition, it aims to assess the potential for pharmacological targeting of this pathway. In-silico analysis of the Hippo signaling members YAP1 , TEAD1 , AXL , NF2 , CTGF , and CYR61 transcript levels in low-grade GBM and GBM tumor tissues was done by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR from human U87, U118, U138, and U251 brain cancer cell lines and in clinically annotated brain tumor cDNA arrays. Transient gene silencing was performed with specific small interfering RNA. Vasculogenic mimicry was assessed using a Cultrex matrix, and three-dimensional capillary-like structures were analyzed with Wimasis. CYR61 and CTGF transcript levels were elevated in GBM tissues and were further induced when in-vitro vasculogenic mimicry was assessed. Silencing of CYR61 and CTGF , or treatment with a small-molecule TEAD inhibitor LM98 derived from flufenamic acid, inhibited vasculogenic mimicry. Silencing of SNAI1 and FOXC2 also altered vasculogenic mimicry and reduced CYR61 / CTGF levels. Pharmacological targeting of the Hippo pathway inhibits in-vitro vasculogenic mimicry. Unraveling the connections between the Hippo pathway and vasculogenic mimicry may pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies."
5032,brain tumour,38900487,Questioning the Impossible.,"In this narrative medicine essay, a pediatric oncologist gains new insight into the decision to transition from cancer-directed therapy to comfort-focused care when roles are reversed and she experiences end-of-life decision-making as a caregiver."
5033,brain tumour,38900420,Performance of Tumor Surveillance for Children With Cancer Predisposition.,Pediatric oncology patients are increasingly recognized as having an underlying cancer predisposition syndrome (CPS). Surveillance is often recommended to detect new tumors at their earliest and most curable stages. Data on the effectiveness and outcomes of surveillance for children with CPS are limited.
5034,brain tumour,38900237,Effects of tumor treating fields (TTFields) on human mesenchymal stromal cells.,"Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) within the glioblastoma microenvironment have been shown to promote tumor progression. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are alternating electric fields with low intensity and intermediate frequency that exhibit anti-tumorigenic effects. While the effects of TTFields on glioblastoma cells have been studied previously, nothing is known about the influence of TTFields on MSCs."
5035,brain tumour,38900230,Predicting Cognitive Functioning for Patients with a High-Grade Glioma: Evaluating Different Representations of Tumor Location in a Common Space.,"Cognitive functioning is increasingly considered when making treatment decisions for patients with a brain tumor in view of a personalized onco-functional balance. Ideally, one can predict cognitive functioning of individual patients to make treatment decisions considering this balance. To make accurate predictions, an informative representation of tumor location is pivotal, yet comparisons of representations are lacking. Therefore, this study compares brain atlases and principal component analysis (PCA) to represent voxel-wise tumor location. Pre-operative cognitive functioning was predicted for 246 patients with a high-grade glioma across eight cognitive tests while using different representations of voxel-wise tumor location as predictors. Voxel-wise tumor location was represented using 13 different frequently-used population average atlases, 13 randomly generated atlases, and 13 representations based on PCA. ElasticNet predictions were compared between representations and against a model solely using tumor volume. Preoperative cognitive functioning could only partly be predicted from tumor location. Performances of different representations were largely similar. Population average atlases did not result in better predictions compared to random atlases. PCA-based representation did not clearly outperform other representations, although summary metrics indicated that PCA-based representations performed somewhat better in our sample. Representations with more regions or components resulted in less accurate predictions. Population average atlases possibly cannot distinguish between functionally distinct areas when applied to patients with a glioma. This stresses the need to develop and validate methods for individual parcellations in the presence of lesions. Future studies may test if the observed small advantage of PCA-based representations generalizes to other data."
5036,brain tumour,38899731,Macrophage GIT1 promotes oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and remyelination after spinal cord injury.,"Spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in severe motor and sensory deficits, for which currently no effective cure exists. The pathological process underlying this injury is extremely complex and involves many cell types in the central nervous system. In this study, we have uncovered a novel function for macrophage G protein-coupled receptor kinase-interactor 1 (GIT1) in promoting remyelination and functional repair after SCI. Using GIT1"
5037,brain tumour,38899506,Evaluation of Dose-Response Relationship in Novel Extended Release of Targeted Nucleic Acid Nanocarriers to Treat Secondary Cataracts.,
5038,brain tumour,38899375,From bedside to bench: New insights in epilepsy-associated tumors based on recent classification updates and animal models on brain tumor networks.,"Low-grade neuroepithelial tumors (LGNTs), particularly those with glioneuronal histology, are highly associated with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Increasing research focused on these neoplastic lesions did not translate into drug discovery; and anticonvulsant or antitumor therapies are not available yet. During the last years, animal modeling has improved, thereby leading to the possibility of generating brain tumors in mice mimicking crucial genetic, molecular and immunohistological features. Among them, intraventricular in utero electroporation (IUE) has been proven to be a valuable tool for the generation of animal models for LGNTs allowing endogenous tumor growth within the mouse brain parenchyma. Epileptogenicity is mostly determined by the slow-growing patterns of these tumors, thus mirroring intrinsic interactions between tumor cells and surrounding neurons is crucial to investigate the mechanisms underlying convulsive activity. In this review, we provide an updated classification of the human LGNT and summarize the most recent data from human and animal models, with a focus on the crosstalk between brain tumors and neuronal function."
5039,brain tumour,38899374,Current status of precision oncology in adult glioblastoma.,"The concept of precision oncology, the application of targeted drugs based on comprehensive molecular profiling, has revolutionized treatment strategies in oncology. This review summarizes the current status of precision oncology in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults with a median survival below 2 years. Targeted treatments without prior target verification have consistently failed. Patients with BRAF V600E-mutated GBM benefit from BRAF/MEK-inhibition, whereas targeting EGFR alterations was unsuccessful due to poor tumor penetration, tumor cell heterogeneity, and pathway redundancies. Systematic screening for actionable molecular alterations resulted in low rates (< 10%) of targeted treatments. Efficacy was observed in one-third and currently appears to be limited to BRAF-, VEGFR-, and mTOR-directed treatments. Advancing precision oncology for GBM requires consideration of pathways instead of single alterations, new trial concepts enabling rapid and adaptive drug evaluation, a focus on drugs with sufficient bioavailability in the CNS, and the extension of target discovery and validation to the tumor microenvironment, tumor cell networks, and their interaction with immune cells and neurons."
5040,brain tumour,38899326,Preclinical and clinical evidence of the association of colibactin-producing ,"The association between the intestinal microbiota and psychiatric disorders is becoming increasingly apparent. The gut microbiota contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis (CRC), as demonstrated with colibactin-producing "
5041,brain tumour,38898871,Meningioma originating from the superior petrosal vein without dural attachment: A case report.,Meningioma in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) without dural attachment is extremely rare. We report a unique case of meningioma derived from the superior petrosal vein without dural attachment.
5042,brain tumour,38898852,Brain abscess caused by ,"This case series investigated the clinical manifestations, diagnoses, and treatment of cerebral abscesses caused by "
5043,brain tumour,38898840,Clear cell sarcoma metastasizing to the pancreas.,"In this editorial based on a case report, we delve into a seldom-seen occurrence of clear cell sarcoma featuring pancreatic metastasis in a 47-year-old male patient. Recognized for its typical tendency to metastasize to the lungs, bones, and brain, clear cell sarcoma rarely extends its reach to the pancreas. Despite the initial absence of discernible abnormalities during the patient's physical examination, the manifestation of abdominal pain prompted further investigation. Subsequent abdominal computed tomography brought to light the presence of a pancreatic tumor, culminating in the definitive diagnosis of clear cell sarcoma with pancreatic metastasis. The successful management of this atypical presentation involved a series of surgical interventions, including distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. This report not only sheds light on the infrequent manifestation of clear cell sarcoma within the pancreas but also underscores the pivotal role of vigilant postoperative follow-up in addressing this rare sarcoma. The emphasis on postoperative care serves as a crucial aspect of the broader narrative, acknowledging the need for ongoing monitoring and management to ensure a comprehensive and successful treatment trajectory for patients with this unique presentation of clear cell sarcoma."
5044,brain tumour,38898740,Resocialization mitigates depressive behaviors induced by social isolation stress in mice: Attenuation of hippocampal neuroinflammation and nitrite level.,"Social isolation stress (SIS) is a stressor known to trigger depressive behaviors. Psychiatric disorders are associated with neurobiological changes, such as neuroinflammation and an increase in nitric oxide (NO) signaling. Despite the well-established detrimental effects of SIS and the involvement of neuroinflammation and NO in depression, potential management strategies, especially resocialization, remain insufficiently explored. Our aim was to elucidate the effects of resocialization on depressive behaviors in socially isolated mice, with a focus on the possible involvement of neuroinflammation and nitrite in the hippocampus (HIP)."
5045,brain tumour,38898665,Silencing of ZNF610 suppresses cell proliferation and migration in lung adenocarcinoma.,"Zinc finger proteins (ZNFs) play a significant role in the initiation and progression of tumors. Nevertheless, the specific contribution of ZNF610 to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains poorly understood. This study sought is to elucidate the role of ZNF610 in LUAD. Transcript data of LUAD were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) database and processed via R program. The expression of ZNF610 was assessed in various cell lines. To compare the proliferative capacity of cells with or without ZNF610 silencing, CCK8, cell colony formation assay, and Celigo label-free cell counting assay were employed. Furthermore, transwell migration and invasion assays were conducted to evaluate the migratory and invasive abilities of the cells. The expression levels of genes and proteins were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot techniques. In different LUAD cells, the expression level of ZNF610 was found to be significantly higher in LUAD cells compared to MRC-5 and BASE-2B cells. Moreover, the silencing of ZNF610 resulted in a decrease in cell proliferation and migration abilities. Additionally, the apoptosis rate of cells increased upon silencing ZNF610. Notably, the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase increased, while the proportion of cells in the S phase decreased following ZNF610 silencing. Finally, β-catenin and snail were identified as downstream targets of ZNF610 in cells. Our findings suggest that silencing ZNF610 could inhibit LUAD cell proliferation and migration, possibly through the downregulation of β-catenin and snail."
5046,brain tumour,38898639,Low triiodothyronine (T3) levels predict worse outcomes in autoimmune encephalitis-A meta-analysis of current literature.,"An unusual association between thyroid dysfunction and autoimmune encephalitis (AE) was noticed when patients presented with low free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels and antithyroid antibodies. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate whether thyroid dysfunction, that is, lower fT3 levels are associated with worsening clinical manifestations and prognosis in patients with AE."
5047,brain tumour,38898620,Comparative analysis of brain language templates with primary language areas detected from presurgical fMRI of brain tumor patients.,"Functional brain templates are often used in the analysis of clinical functional MRI (fMRI) studies. However, these templates are mostly built based on anatomy or fMRI of healthy subjects, which have not been fully vetted in clinical cohorts. Our aim was to evaluate language templates by comparing with primary language areas (PLAs) detected from presurgical fMRI of brain tumor patients."
5048,brain tumour,38898354,Joint EANM/EANO/RANO/SNMMI practice guideline/procedure standards for diagnostics and therapy (theranostics) of meningiomas using radiolabeled somatostatin receptor ligands: version 1.0.,To provide practice guideline/procedure standards for diagnostics and therapy (theranostics) of meningiomas using radiolabeled somatostatin receptor (SSTR) ligands.
5049,brain tumour,38898218,A novel methylation signature predicts extreme long-term survival in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a dismal prognosis of less than 2 years under maximal therapy. Despite the poor prognosis, small fractions of GBM patients seem to have a markedly longer survival than the vast majority of patients. Recently discovered intertumoral heterogeneity is thought to be responsible for this peculiarity, although the exact underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the epigenetic contribution to survival."
5050,brain tumour,38898144,Windmills in the brain: the radiomic pursuit of MGMT status in gliomas.,No abstract found
5051,brain tumour,38898077,"PLX038A, a long-acting SN-38, penetrates the blood-tumor-brain-barrier, accumulates and releases SN-38 in brain tumors to increase survival of tumor bearing mice.","Central nervous system tumors have resisted effective chemotherapy because most therapeutics do not penetrate the blood-tumor-brain-barrier. Nanomedicines between  ~ 10 and 100 nm accumulate in many solid tumors by the enhanced permeability and retention effect, but it is controversial whether the effect can be exploited for treatment of brain tumors. PLX038A is a long-acting prodrug of the topoisomerase 1 inhibitor SN-38. It is composed of a 15 nm 4-arm 40 kDa PEG tethered to four SN-38 moieties by linkers that slowly cleave to release the SN-38. The prodrug was remarkably effective at suppressing growth of intracranial breast cancer and glioblastoma (GBM), significantly increasing the life span of mice harboring them. We addressed the important issue of whether the prodrug releases SN-38 systemically and then penetrates the brain to exert anti-tumor effects, or whether it directly penetrates the blood-tumor-brain-barrier and releases the SN-38 cargo within the tumor. We argue that the amount of SN-38 formed systemically is insufficient to inhibit the tumors, and show by PET imaging that a close surrogate of the 40 kDa PEG carrier in PLX038A accumulates and is retained in the GBM. We conclude that the prodrug penetrates the blood-tumor-brain-barrier, accumulates in the tumor microenvironment and releases its SN-38 cargo from within. Based on our results, we pose the provocative question as to whether the 40 kDa nanomolecule PEG carrier might serve as a ""Trojan horse"" to carry other drugs past the blood-tumor-brain-barrier and release them into brain tumors."
5052,brain tumour,38898058,Mitochondrial division inhibitor (mdivi-1) induces extracellular matrix (ECM)-detachment of viable breast cancer cells by a DRP1-independent mechanism.,"Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that cancer progression is under mitochondrial control. Mitochondrial fission plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of cancer cell homeostasis. The inhibition of DRP1, the main regulator of mitochondrial fission, with the mitochondrial division inhibitor (mdivi-1) had been associated with cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutics and decrease proliferation. Here, using breast cancer cells we find that mdivi-1 induces the detachment of the cells, leading to a bulk of floating cells that conserved their viability. Despite a decrease in their proliferative and clonogenic capabilities, these floating cells maintain the capacity to re-adhere upon re-seeding and retain their migratory and invasive potential. Interestingly, the cell detachment induced by mdivi-1 is independent of DRP1 but relies on inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. Furthermore, mdivi-1 induces cell detachment rely on glucose and the pentose phosphate pathway. Our data evidence a novel DRP1-independent effect of mdivi-1 in the attachment of cancer cells. The generation of floating viable cells restricts the use of mdivi-1 as a therapeutic agent and demonstrates that mdivi-1 effect on cancer cells are more complex than anticipated."
5053,brain tumour,38898023,CXCR7 activation evokes the anti-PD-L1 antibody against glioblastoma by remodeling CXCL12-mediated immunity.,"The interaction between glioblastoma cells and glioblastoma-associated macrophages (GAMs) influences the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, leading to ineffective immunotherapies. We hypothesized that disrupting the communication between tumors and macrophages would enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies. Transcriptomic analysis of recurrent glioblastoma specimens indicated an enhanced neuroinflammatory pathway, with CXCL12 emerging as the top-ranked gene in secretory molecules. Single-cell transcriptome profiling of naïve glioblastoma specimens revealed CXCL12 expression in tumor and myeloid clusters. An analysis of public glioblastoma datasets has confirmed the association of CXCL12 with disease and PD-L1 expression. In vitro studies have demonstrated that exogenous CXCL12 induces pro-tumorigenic characteristics in macrophage-like cells and upregulated PD-L1 expression through NF-κB signaling. We identified CXCR7, an atypical receptor for CXCL12 predominantly present in tumor cells, as a negative regulator of CXCL12 expression by interfering with extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. CXCR7 knockdown in a glioblastoma mouse model resulted in worse survival outcomes, increased PD-L1 expression in GAMs, and reduced CD8"
5054,brain tumour,38897973,[Malignant transformation of Ollier disease-related multiple glioma with IDH1 p.R132C mutation].,"A 21-year-old man who was diagnosed with Ollier disease at the age of 1 year developed incidental multiple gliomas at the age of 15 years. Subsequently, the multiple gliomas enlarged and the patient underwent three surgical removals. Genetic analysis revealed the IDH1 p.R132C mutation in the gliomas, and histopathology showed malignant transformation. Despite multimodality treatment, the gliomas could not be controlled, and the patient died at the age of 23 years. Ollier disease is a rare disease with IDH1/2 mutations and is often associated with gliomas. However, there are very few reports on genetic analysis of IDH1/2 mutations and long-term follow-up in Ollier disease-related gliomas. Genetic analysis of IDH mutations may contribute to the elucidation of its pathogenesis. The cross-departmental collaboration is required for long-term follow-up of Ollier disease-related gliomas."
5055,brain tumour,38897590,Exudative Retinal Astrocytic Hamartomas and Papilledema in a Patient with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma: A Case Report.,No abstract found
5056,brain tumour,38897498,Fabrication and optimization of chitosan-g-m-PEG-NH,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) exhibits a high mortality with an incidence rate of 3-5 per 100,000 each year, which demands existence of newer approach for its treatment. The current study focuses on synthesis of novel lipidic nanovesicles (LNs) loaded with highly potent macromolecule Lentinan (LNT) and surface modified with methoxy poly (ethylene glycol; PEG) amine (m-PEG-NH"
5057,brain tumour,38897294,"Cavitation monitoring, treatment strategy, and acoustic simulations of focused ultrasound blood-brain barrier disruption in patients with glioblastoma.","We report our experience disrupting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to improve drug delivery in glioblastoma patients receiving temozolomide chemotherapy. The goals of this retrospective analysis were to compare MRI-based measures of BBB disruption and vascular damage to the exposure levels, acoustic emissions data, and acoustic simulations. We also simulated the cavitation detectors."
5058,brain tumour,38897234,"Characterization of soticlestat, a novel cholesterol 24-hydroxylase inhibitor, in acute and chronic neurodegeneration models.","We investigated whether soticlestat (TAK-935), a newly discovered cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CH24H) inhibitor now in phase 3 clinical trials for Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes, has effects on neurodegeneration in both chronic and acute animal models associated with glutamate hyperexcitation. Soticlestat was administered at doses that approximately halve 24S-hydroxycholesterol in both experiments. In the kainic acid (KA)-induced acute hippocampal degeneration model, soticlestat ameliorated inflammatory cytokine expression, hippocampal degeneration, and memory impairment. We ruled out the possibility that soticlestat directly interferes with KA binding to the KA receptor, or that 24S-hydroxycholesterol modulates KA receptor signaling, by conducting receptor binding and cell death assays. In the PS19 chronic degeneration model of tauopathy, treatment effects were observed in neurodegeneration markers. Notably, there was a significant correlation between the levels of brain 24S-hydroxycholesterol and a proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α, which is implicated in cognitive decline and lowering of seizure threshold. This is the first study demonstrating that CH24H inhibition can alleviate neurodegeneration concomitant with neuroinflammation. Herein, we discuss the interplay among 24S-hydroxycholesterol production, neuroinflammation, and excitotoxicity. Effects on neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation demonstrated in two preclinical models suggest that soticlestat is effective in ameliorating seizures and addressing cognitive dysfunction in seizure disorders."
5059,brain tumour,38897137,Concurrent antibody-drug conjugates and radiotherapy: a new perspective on radiation necrosis in HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases from the DESTINY-Breast03 and HER2CLIMB trials.,No abstract found
5060,brain tumour,38897032,I,"Although the U-shape networks have achieved remarkable performances in many medical image segmentation tasks, they rarely model the sequential relationship of hierarchical layers. This weakness makes it difficult for the current layer to effectively utilize the historical information of the previous layer, leading to unsatisfactory segmentation results for lesions with blurred boundaries and irregular shapes. To solve this problem, we propose a novel dual-path U-Net, dubbed I"
5061,brain tumour,38896996,Impact of cyclin dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors on breast cancer brain metastasis outcomes.,"Cyclin dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) are recommended 1st line treatments in HR+HER2- metastatic breast cancer. However, the impact of prior CDK4/6i on the natural history of brain metastases (BM) is not well described."
5062,brain tumour,38896801,CKB Promotes Mitochondrial ATP Production by Suppressing Permeability Transition Pore.,"Creatine kinases are essential for maintaining cellular energy balance by facilitating the reversible transfer of a phosphoryl group from ATP to creatine, however, their role in mitochondrial ATP production remains unknown. This study shows creatine kinases, including CKMT1A, CKMT1B, and CKB, are highly expressed in cells relying on the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase for survival. Interestingly, silencing CKB, but not CKMT1A or CKMT1B, leads to a loss of sensitivity to the inhibition of F1F0 ATP synthase in these cells. Mechanistically, CKB promotes mitochondrial ATP but reduces glycolytic ATP production by suppressing mitochondrial calcium (mCa"
5063,brain tumour,38896791,Sequential Inhibition of PARP and BET as a Rational Therapeutic Strategy for Glioblastoma.,"PARP inhibitors (PARPi) hold substantial promise in treating glioblastoma (GBM). However, the adverse effects have restricted their broad application. Through unbiased transcriptomic and proteomic sequencing, it is discovered that the BET inhibitor (BETi) Birabresib profoundly alters the processes of DNA replication and cell cycle progression in GBM cells, beyond the previously reported impact of BET inhibition on homologous recombination repair. Through in vitro experiments using established GBM cell lines and patient-derived primary GBM cells, as well as in vivo orthotopic transplantation tumor experiments in zebrafish and nude mice, it is demonstrated that the concurrent administration of PARPi and BETi can synergistically inhibit GBM. Intriguingly, it is observed that DNA damage lingers after discontinuation of PARPi monotherapy, implying that sequential administration of PARPi followed by BETi can maintain antitumor efficacy while reducing toxicity. In GBM cells with elevated baseline replication stress, the sequential regimen exhibits comparable efficacy to concurrent treatment, protecting normal glial cells with lower baseline replication stress from DNA toxicity and subsequent death. This study provides compelling preclinical evidence supporting the development of innovative drug administration strategies focusing on PARPi for GBM therapy."
5064,brain tumour,38896472,Transcriptional immune suppression and up-regulation of double-stranded DNA damage and repair repertoires in ecDNA-containing tumors.,"Extrachromosomal DNA is a common cause of oncogene amplification in cancer. The non-chromosomal inheritance of ecDNA enables tumors to rapidly evolve, contributing to treatment resistance and poor outcome for patients. The transcriptional context in which ecDNAs arise and progress, including chromosomally-driven transcription, is incompletely understood. We examined gene expression patterns of 870 tumors of varied histological types, to identify transcriptional correlates of ecDNA. Here, we show that ecDNA-containing tumors impact four major biological processes. Specifically, ecDNA-containing tumors up-regulate DNA damage and repair, cell cycle control, and mitotic processes, but down-regulate global immune regulation pathways. Taken together, these results suggest profound alterations in gene regulation in ecDNA-containing tumors, shedding light on molecular processes that give rise to their development and progression."
5065,brain tumour,38896395,The feasibility of visualizing and quantifying muscle changes in postoperative oral cancer patients using Quantitative Muscle Ultrasound (QMUS).,Quantitative muscle ultrasound (QMUS) is a patient friendly tool for examining orofacial muscles. Resection of tissue can have an effect on the architecture and function of these muscles. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of visualizing and quantifying muscle changes in postoperative oral cancer patients and to relate the findings to tumor and patient characteristics.
5066,brain tumour,38896357,"Clusters of resilience and vulnerability: executive functioning, coping and mental distress in patients with diffuse low-grade glioma.","Diffuse low-grade gliomas (dLGG) often have a frontal location, which may negatively affect patients' executive functions (EF). Being diagnosed with dLGG and having to undergo intensive treatment can be emotionally stressful. The ability to cope with this stress in an adaptive, active and flexible way may be hampered by impaired EF. Consequently, patients may suffer from increased mental distress. The aim of the present study was to explore profiles of EF, coping and mental distress and identify characteristics of each profile."
5067,brain tumour,38896356,Incidence of brain metastasis according to patient race and primary cancer origin: a systematic review.,A systematic review was conducted to investigate differences in incidence and primary origin of synchronous brain metastasis (sBM) in varying racial groups with different primary cancers.
5068,brain tumour,38896352,Molecular insights into TP53 mutation (p. Arg267Trp) and its connection to Choroid Plexus Carcinomas and Li-Fraumeni Syndrome.,"Choroid plexus carcinomas (CPCs) are rare malignant tumors primarily affecting pediatric patients and often co-occur with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS), an inherited predisposition to early-onset malignancies in multiple organ systems. LFS is closely linked to TP53 mutations, with germline TP53 gene mutations present in approximately 75% of Li-Fraumeni syndrome families and 25% of Li-Fraumeni-like syndrome families. Individuals with TP53 mutations also have an elevated probability of carrying mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes."
5069,brain tumour,38896347,Clinicopathological analysis of non-functioning pituitary adenomas (PAs) according to the 2022 WHO classification.,"For asymptomatic non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs), conservative approaches such as observation are preferred. However, some NFPAs exhibit poor prognoses. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate clinicopathological characteristics of tumors for identifying those with unfavorable prognoses."
5070,brain tumour,38896326,"An Update on the Clinical Status, Challenges, and Future Directions of Oncolytic Virotherapy for Malignant Gliomas.","Malignant gliomas are common central nervous system tumors that pose a significant clinical challenge due to the lack of effective treatments. Glioblastoma (GBM), a grade 4 malignant glioma, is the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumor and is associated with poor prognosis. Current clinical trials are exploring various strategies to combat GBM, with oncolytic viruses (OVs) appearing particularly promising. In addition to ongoing and recently completed clinical trials, one OV (Teserpaturev, Delytact®) received provisional approval for GBM treatment in Japan. OVs are designed to selectively target and eliminate cancer cells while promoting changes in the tumor microenvironment that can trigger and support long-lasting anti-tumor immunity. OVs offer the potential to remodel the tumor microenvironment and reverse systemic immune exhaustion. Additionally, an increasing number of OVs are armed with immunomodulatory payloads or combined with immunotherapy approaches in an effort to promote anti-tumor responses in a tumor-targeted manner. Recently completed oncolytic virotherapy trials can guide the way for future treatment individualization through patient preselection, enhancing the likelihood of achieving the highest possible clinical success. These trials also offer valuable insight into the numerous challenges inherent in malignant glioma treatment, some of which OVs can help overcome."
5071,brain tumour,38896238,Characterizing the relationship between MRI radiomics and AHR expression and deriving a predictive model for prognostic assessment in glioblastoma.,"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a crucial molecular marker associated with glioma, is a potential therapeutic target. We aimed to establish a non-invasive predictive model for AHR through radiomics."
5072,brain tumour,38896237,Diffuse peritoneal dissemination of intracranial pure germinoma via ventriculoperitoneal shunt.,"Germinomas frequently cause hydrocephalus, and ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS) have been commonly used for their management. Although VPS can potentially serve as a route for peritoneal dissemination of germinomas, the abdominal imaging characteristics of this rare yet important complication remain unknown. In this article, we report the computed tomography imaging findings of diffuse peritoneal dissemination of intracranial germinoma."
5073,brain tumour,38895961,Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx: A Retrospective Study of 12 Cases.,
5074,brain tumour,38895941,pH-Responsive β-Glucans-Complexed mRNA in LNPs as an Oral Vaccine for Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy.,"mRNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy are commonly delivered using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which, when administered intravenously, may accumulate in the liver, potentially limiting their therapeutic efficacy. To overcome this challenge, the study introduces an oral mRNA vaccine formulation tailored for efficient uptake by immune cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, known for its high concentration of immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs). This formulation comprises mRNA complexed with β-glucans (βGlus), a potential adjuvant for vaccines, encapsulated within LNPs (βGlus/mRNA@LNPs). The βGlus/mRNA complexes within the small compartments of LNPs demonstrate a distinctive ability to partially dissociate and reassociate, responding to pH changes, effectively shielding mRNA from degradation in the harsh GI environment. Upon oral administration to tumor-bearing mice, βGlus/mRNA@LNPs are effectively taken up by intestinal DCs and local nonimmune cells, bypassing potential liver accumulation. This initiates antigen-specific immune responses through successful mRNA translation, followed by drainage into the mesenteric lymph nodes to stimulate T cells and trigger specific adaptive immune responses, ultimately enhancing antitumor effects. Importantly, the vaccine demonstrates safety, with no significant inflammatory reactions observed. In conclusion, the potential of oral βGlus/mRNA@LNPs delivery presents a promising avenue in cancer immunotherapy, offering needle-free and user-friendly administration for widespread adoption and self-administration."
5075,brain tumour,38895886,Preclinical evidence for the use of anti-Trop-2 antibody-drug conjugate Sacituzumab govitecan in cerebral metastasized castration-resistant prostate cancer.,"Improved survival rates have been observed in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) due to advancements in treatment options. However, individuals with brain metastases still have limited therapeutic options and an unfavorable prognosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new therapeutic avenues, such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), which have demonstrated significant clinical activity against active brain metastases in solid tumors. Our objective was to determine the expression levels of the ADC targets Trop-2 and NECTIN-4 in cerebral metastasized CRPC (mCRPC)."
5076,brain tumour,38895635,"Crebanine, an aporphine alkaloid, induces cancer cell apoptosis through PI3K-Akt pathway in glioblastoma multiforme.","Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most prevalent and lethal primary central nervous system malignancies. GBM is notorious for its high rates of recurrence and therapy resistance and the PI3K/Akt pathway plays a pivotal role in its malignant behavior. Crebanine (CB), an alkaloid capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), has been shown to have inhibitory effects on proinflammatory molecules and multiple cancer cell lines via pathways such as PI3K/Akt. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of CB treatment on GBM. It is the first study to elucidate the anti-tumor role of CB in GBM, providing new possibilities for GBM therapy. Through a series of experiments, we demonstrate the significant anti-survival, anti-clonogenicity, and proapoptotic effects of CB treatment on GBM cell lines. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is also conducted and provides a complete list of significant changes in gene expression after treatment, including genes related to apoptosis, the cell cycle, FoxO, and autophagy. The subsequent protein expressions of the upregulation of apoptosis and downregulation of PI3K/Akt are further proved. The clinical applicability of CB to GBM treatment could be high for its BBB-penetrating feature, significant induction of apoptosis, and blockage of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Future research is needed using "
5077,brain tumour,38895489,Effect of TIMPs and Their Minimally Engineered Variants in Blocking Invasion and Migration of Brain Cancer Cells.,"Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a pivotal role in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, influencing various aspects of cancer progression including migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Overexpression of MMPs, particularly MMP-2 and MMP-9, is notably pronounced in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a highly aggressive primary brain tumor characterized by diffuse and infiltrative behavior. Previous attempts to develop small molecule MMP inhibitors have failed in clinical trials, necessitating the exploration of more stable and selective alternatives. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), endogenous human proteins, offer promising potential due to their stability and broader interaction interfaces compared to small molecule inhibitors. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of wild-type human TIMP-1 and TIMP-3, alongside engineered minimal TIMP variants (mTC1 and mTC3), specifically designed for targeted MMP inhibition to reduce the migratory and invasive capabilities of GBM cells. Our investigation focused on these minimal TIMP variants, which provide enhanced tissue penetration and cellular uptake due to their small molecular weight, aiming to validate their potential as therapeutic agents. The results demonstrated that mTC1 and mTC3 effectively inhibit MMP activity, a critical factor in GBM aggressiveness, thereby highlighting their promise in controlling tumor spread. Given the lethality of GBM and the limited effectiveness of current treatments, the application of engineered TIMP variants represents a novel and potentially transformative therapeutic approach. By offering targeted MMP inhibition, these variants may significantly improve patient outcomes, providing new avenues for treatment and enhancing the survival and quality of life for patients with this devastating disease."
5078,brain tumour,38895459,The inactive X chromosome drives sex differences in microglial inflammatory activity in human glioblastoma.,"Biological sex is an important risk factor in cancer, but the underlying cell types and mechanisms remain obscure. Since tumor development is regulated by the immune system, we hypothesize that sex-biased immune interactions underpin sex differences in cancer. The male-biased glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive and treatment-refractory tumor in urgent need of more innovative approaches, such as considering sex differences, to improve outcomes. GBM arises in the specialized brain immune environment dominated by microglia, so we explored sex differences in this immune cell type. We isolated adult human TAM-MGs (tumor-associated macrophages enriched for microglia) and control microglia and found sex-biased inflammatory signatures in GBM and lower-grade tumors associated with pro-tumorigenic activity in males and anti-tumorigenic activity in females. We demonstrated that genes expressed or modulated by the inactive X chromosome facilitate this bias. Together, our results implicate TAM-MGs, specifically their sex chromosomes, as drivers of male bias in GBM."
5079,brain tumour,38895268,Glioma-derived M-CSF and IL-34 license M-MDSCs to suppress CD8,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, resulting in poor survival despite aggressive therapies. GBM is characterized by a highly heterogeneous and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) made up predominantly of infiltrating peripheral immune cells. One significant immune cell type that contributes to glioma immune evasion is a population of immunosuppressive cells, termed myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Previous studies suggest that a subset of myeloid cells, expressing monocytic (M)-MDSC markers and dual expression of chemokine receptors CCR2 and CX3CR1, utilize CCR2 to infiltrate the TME. This study evaluated the mechanism of CCR2"
5080,brain tumour,38895149,SMARCB1 Gene Therapy Using a Novel Tumor-Targeted Nanomedicine Enhances Anti-Cancer Efficacy in a Mouse Model of Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumors.,"Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a deadly, fast-growing form of pediatric brain cancer with poor prognosis. Most ATRTs are associated with inactivation of SMARCB1, a subunit of the chromatin remodeling complex, which is involved in developmental processes. The recent identification of SMARCB1 as a tumor suppressor gene suggests that restoration of SMARCB1 could be an effective therapeutic approach."
5081,brain tumour,38895010,Diagnostic Challenges of Lyme Neuroborreliosis in Inpatient Neurology: A Case Series.,"Lyme disease is a multisystem disorder transmitted through the Ixodes tick and is most commonly diagnosed in northeastern and mid-Atlantic states, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, though its disease borders are expanding in the setting of climate change. Approximately 10%-15% of untreated Lyme disease cases will develop neurologic manifestations of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). Due to varying presentations, LNB presents diagnostic challenges and is associated with a delay to treatment. We discuss three cases of LNB admitted to our referral center in a traditionally low-incidence state to highlight clinical pearls in LNB diagnosis. Three patients from low-incidence areas with prior diagnostic evaluations presented in August with neurologic manifestations of radiculoneuritis, cranial neuropathies, and/or lymphocytic meningitis. MRI findings included cranial nerve, nerve root, and leptomeningeal enhancement leading to broad differential diagnoses. Lumbar puncture demonstrated lymphocytic pleocytosis (range 85-753 cells/uL) and elevated protein (87-318 mg/dL). Each patient tested positive for Lyme on two-tiered serum testing and was diagnosed with LNB. All three cases were associated with a delay to health care presentation (mean 20 days) and a delay to diagnosis and treatment (mean 54 days) due to under-recognition and ongoing evaluation. With the geographic expansion of Lyme disease, increasing awareness of LNB manifestations and acquiring detailed travel histories in low-incidence areas is crucial to prompt delivery of care. Clinicians should be aware of two-tiered serum diagnostic requirements and use adjunctive studies such as lumbar puncture and MRI to eliminate other diagnoses. Treatment with an appropriate course of antibiotics leads to robust improvement in neurological symptoms."
5082,brain tumour,38894892,Sphingolipid Signaling and Complement Activation in Glioblastoma: A Promising Avenue for Therapeutic Intervention.,"Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive type of malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis due to the lack of effective treatment options. Therefore, new treatment options are required. Sphingolipids are essential components of the cell membrane, while complement components are integral to innate immunity, and both play a critical role in regulating glioblastoma survival signaling. This review focuses on recent studies investigating the functional roles of sphingolipid metabolism and complement activation signaling in glioblastoma. It also discusses how targeting these two systems together may emerge as a novel therapeutic approach."
5083,brain tumour,38894775,Cervicogenic-Like Headache as the First Symptom of Acromegaly.,"Headache is a frequent symptom in patients with acromegaly; however, it has never been described as a cervicogenic-like headache. This paper reports on an 18-year-old Brazilian man with a four-year history of unilateral headaches characterized as a sensation of tightness or pressure in the right nuchal region spreading across the forehead. An MRI of the brain revealed a pituitary tumor and a transsphenoidal surgical resection of the macroadenoma was performed. During follow-up, he reported a complete relief of headaches after one week of surgery, persisting for six months. This paper shows a cervicogenic-like headache as the first symptom of acromegaly and the improvement of symptoms after surgery."
5084,brain tumour,38893345,The Application of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles (2 nm) Functionalized with Doxorubicin in Three-Dimensional Normal and Glioblastoma Organoid Models of the Blood-Brain Barrier.,"Among brain tumors, glioblastoma (GBM) is very challenging to treat as chemotherapeutic drugs can only penetrate the brain to a limited extent due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanoparticles can be an attractive solution for the treatment of GBM as they can transport drugs across the BBB into the tumor. In this study, normal and GBM organoids comprising six brain cell types were developed and applied to study the uptake, BBB penetration, distribution, and efficacy of fluorescent, ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (AuTio-Dox-AF647s) conjugated with doxorubicin (Dox) and AlexaFluor-647-cadaverine (AF647) by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), using a mixture of dissolved doxorubicin and fluorescent AF647 molecules as a control. It was shown that the nanoparticles could easily penetrate the BBB and were found in normal and GBM organoids, while the dissolved Dox and AF647 molecules alone were unable to penetrate the BBB. Flow cytometry showed a reduction in glioblastoma cells after treatment with AuTio-Dox nanoparticles, as well as a higher uptake of these nanoparticles by GBM cells in the GBM model compared to astrocytes in the normal cell organoids. In summary, our results show that ultrasmall gold nanoparticles can serve as suitable carriers for the delivery of drugs into organoids to study BBB function."
5085,brain tumour,38893336,In Vitro and In Silico Anti-Glioblastoma Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of ,"Glioblastoma, the most aggressive and challenging brain tumor, is a key focus in neuro-oncology due to its rapid growth and poor prognosis. The C6 glioma cell line is often used as a glioblastoma model due to its close simulation of human glioma characteristics, including rapid expansion and invasiveness. Alongside, herbal medicine, particularly Artemisia spp., is gaining attention for its anticancer potential, offering mechanisms like apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of angiogenesis. In this study, we optimized extraction conditions of polyphenols from "
5086,brain tumour,38893253,Prevention of Brain Metastases: A New Frontier.,"This review discusses the topic of prevention of brain metastases from the most frequent solid tumor types, i.e., lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma. Within each tumor type, the risk of brain metastasis is related to disease status and molecular subtype (i.e., EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer, HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer, BRAF and NRAF-mutant melanoma). Prophylactic cranial irradiation is the standard of care in patients in small cell lung cancer responsive to chemotherapy but at the price of late neurocognitive decline. More recently, several molecular agents with the capability to target molecular alterations driving tumor growth have proven as effective in the prevention of secondary relapse into the brain in clinical trials. This is the case for EGFR-mutant or ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer inhibitors, tucatinib and trastuzumab-deruxtecan for HER2-positive breast cancer and BRAF inhibitors for melanoma. The need for screening with an MRI in asymptomatic patients at risk of brain metastases is emphasized."
5087,brain tumour,38893252,A Phase II Trial of Bevacizumab in Patients with Recurrent/Progressive Solid Tumor Brain Metastases That Have Progressed Following Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy.,"Patients with solid tumor brain metastases that progress after whole-brain radiation have limited options. This prospective trial investigated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of bevacizumab as salvage therapy in this population. Eligible patients received bevacizumab 10 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks until progression. The primary endpoint was radiologic response using Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria. The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), duration of response, and safety. Quality of life (QOL) was studied using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain (FACT-Br) scale. Twenty-seven patients were enrolled, with twenty-four having evaluable data for response. The majority of histologies (n = 21, 78%) were breast cancer. The remaining histologies were non-small-cell lung cancer (n = 4, 15%), neuroendocrine cancer (n = 1, 3%), and papillary fallopian serous adenocarcinoma (n = 1, 3%). Eighteen patients had radiologic response, with two patients demonstrating partial response (8.33%) and sixteen patients demonstrating stable disease (66.7%). The median duration of response was 203 days. PFS at 6 months was 46%, median PFS was 5.3 m, and median OS was 9.5 m. Treatment was well tolerated, with six patients experiencing grade 3 lymphopenia and hypertension. There was one grade 3 thromboembolism. QOL was not negatively impacted. Bevacizumab is a safe and feasible salvage treatment with durable response and favorable overall survival for patients with progressive brain metastases after whole-brain radiation."
5088,brain tumour,38893250,Safety and Efficacy of Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy as Upfront Therapy in Primary Glioblastoma and IDH-Mutant Astrocytoma: A Meta-Analysis.,"Although primary studies have reported the safety and efficacy of LITT as a primary treatment in glioma, they are limited by sample sizes and institutional variation in stereotactic parameters such as temperature and laser power. The current literature has yet to provide pooled statistics on outcomes solely for primary brain tumors according to the 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS5). In the present study, we identify recent articles on primary CNS neoplasms treated with LITT without prior intervention, focusing on relationships with molecular profile, PFS, and OS. This meta-analysis includes the extraction of data from primary sources across four databases using the Covidence systematic review manager. The pooled data suggest LITT may be a safe primary management option with tumor ablation rates of 94.8% and 84.6% in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and IDH-mutant astrocytoma, respectively. For IDH-wildtype GBM, the pooled PFS and OS were 5.0 and 9.0 months, respectively. Similar to rates reported in the prior literature, the neurologic and non-neurologic complication rates for IDH-wildtype GBM were 10.3% and 4.8%, respectively. The neurologic and non-neurologic complication rates were somewhat higher in the IDH-mutant astrocytoma cohort at 33% and 8.3%, likely due to a smaller cohort size."
5089,brain tumour,38893240,Genetic Prognostic Factors in Adult Diffuse Gliomas: A 10-Year Experience at a Single Institution.,"Gliomas are primary brain lesions involving cerebral structures without well-defined boundaries and constitute the most prevalent central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms. Among gliomas, glioblastoma (GB) is a glioma of the highest grade and is associated with a grim prognosis. We examined how clinical variables and molecular profiles may have affected overall survival (OS) over the past ten years. A retrospective study was conducted at Sina Hospital in Tehran, Iran and examined patients with confirmed glioma diagnoses between 2012 and 2020. We evaluated the correlation between OS in GB patients and sociodemographic as well as clinical factors and molecular profiling based on IDH1, O-6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT), TERTp, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification (EGFR-amp) status. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression models were used to assess patient survival. A total of 178 patients were enrolled in the study. The median OS was 20 months, with a 2-year survival rate of 61.0%. Among the 127 patients with available IDH measurements, 100 (78.7%) exhibited mutated IDH1 (IDH1-mut) tumors. Of the 127 patients with assessed MGMT promoter methylation (MGMTp-met), 89 (70.1%) had MGMT methylated tumors. Mutant TERTp (TERTp-mut) was detected in 20 out of 127 cases (15.7%), while wildtype TERTp (wildtype TERTp-wt) was observed in 107 cases (84.3%). Analyses using multivariable models revealed that age at histological grade ("
5090,brain tumour,38893209,Disease Control and Toxicity Outcomes after Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy for Recurrent and/or Metastatic Cancers in Young-Adult and Pediatric Patients.,Pediatric patients with metastatic and/or recurrent solid tumors have poor survival outcomes despite standard-of-care systemic therapy. Stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) may improve tumor control. We report the outcomes with the use of SABR in our pediatric solid tumor population.
5091,brain tumour,38893207,Understanding the Significance of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIFs) in Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review.,"The study aims to investigate the role of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in the development, progression, and therapeutic potential of glioblastomas."
5092,brain tumour,38893192,Therapeutic Implications of Targeting YY1 in Glioblastoma.,"The transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an aggressive form of brain tumor. This review systematically explores the diverse roles of YY1 overexpression and activities in GBM, including its impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune evasion mechanisms. Due to the poor response of GBM to current therapies, various findings of YY1-associated pathways in the literature provide valuable insights into novel potential targeted therapeutic strategies. Moreover, YY1 acts as a significant regulator of immune checkpoint molecules and, thus, is a candidate therapeutic target in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Different therapeutic implications targeting YY1 in GBM and its inherent associated challenges encompass the use of nanoparticles, YY1 inhibitors, targeted gene therapy, and exosome-based delivery systems. Despite the inherent complexities of such methods, the successful targeting of YY1 emerges as a promising avenue for reshaping GBM treatment strategies, presenting opportunities for innovative therapeutic approaches and enhanced patient outcomes."
5093,brain tumour,38893173,Distinct Capabilities in NAD Metabolism Mediate Resistance to NAMPT Inhibition in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) cells require high levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to fuel metabolic reactions, regulate their cell cycle and support DNA repair in response to chemotherapy and radiation. Inhibition of a key enzyme in NAD biosynthesis, NAMPT, has demonstrated significant anti-neoplastic activity. Here, we sought to characterise NAD biosynthetic pathways in GBM to determine resistance mechanisms to NAD inhibitors. GBM cells were treated with the NAMPT inhibitor FK866 with and without NAD precursors, and were analysed by qPCR, Western blot and proliferation assays (monolayer and spheroid). We also measured changes in the cell cycle, apoptosis, NAD/NADH levels and energy production. We performed orthoptic xenograft experiments in athymic nude mice to test the efficacy of FK866 in combination with temozolomide (TMZ). We show that the expression of key genes involved in NAD biosynthesis is highly variable across GBM tumours. FK866 inhibits proliferation, reduces NAD levels and limits oxidative metabolism, leading to G2/M cell cycle arrest; however, this can be reversed by supplementation with specific NAD precursors. Furthermore, FK866 potentiates the effects of radiation and TMZ in vitro and in vivo. NAMPT inhibitors should be considered for the treatment of GBM, with patients stratified based on their expression of key enzymes in other NAD biosynthetic pathways."
5094,brain tumour,38893165,Biological Insights and Radiation-Immuno-Oncology Developments in Primary and Secondary Brain Tumors.,"Malignant central nervous system (CNS) cancers include a group of heterogeneous dis-eases characterized by a relative resistance to treatments and distinguished as either primary tumors arising in the CNS or secondary tumors that spread from other organs into the brain. Despite therapeutic efforts, they often cause significant mortality and morbidity across all ages. Radiotherapy (RT) remains the main treatment for brain cancers, improving associated symptoms, improving tumor control, and inducing a cure in some. However, the ultimate goal of cancer treatment, to improve a patient's survival, remains elusive for many CNS cancers, especially primary tumors. Over the years, there have thus been many preclinical studies and clinical trials designed to identify and overcome mechanisms of resistance to improve outcomes after RT and other therapies. For example, immunotherapy delivered concurrent with RT, especially hypo-fractionated stereotactic RT, is synergistic and has revolutionized the clinical management and outcome of some brain tumors, in particular brain metastases (secondary brain tumors). However, its impact on gliomas, the most common primary malignant CNS tumors, remains limited. In this review, we provide an overview of radioresistance mechanisms, the emerging strategies to overcome radioresistance, the role of the tumor microenviroment (TME), and the selection of the most significant results of radiation-immuno-oncological investigations. We also identify novel therapeutic opportunities in primary and secondary brain tumors with the purpose of elucidating current knowledge and stimulating further research to improve tumor control and patients' survival."
5095,brain tumour,38893160,Synergistic Antitumor Activity of Talazoparib and Temozolomide in Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors.,"Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) are among the most aggressive and treatment-resistant malignancies affecting infants, originating in the kidney, brain, liver, and soft tissues. The 5-year event-free survival rate for these cancers is a mere 20%. In nearly all cases of MRT, the "
5096,brain tumour,38893149,Cysteamine Suppresses Cancer Cell Invasion and Migration in Glioblastoma through Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) cells are highly invasive, infiltrating the surrounding normal brain tissue, thereby limiting the efficacy of surgical resection and focal radiotherapy. Cysteamine, a small aminothiol molecule that is orally bioavailable and approved for cystinosis, has potential as a cancer treatment by inhibiting tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Here we demonstrate that these potential therapeutic effects of cysteamine are likely due to the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in GBM. In vitro assays confirmed that micromolar concentrations of cysteamine were not cytotoxic, enabling the interrogation of the cellular effects without confounding tumor cell loss. Cysteamine's inhibition of MMP activity, especially the targeting of MMP2, MMP9, and MMP14, was observed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting the mechanism of action in suppressing invasion and cell migration is by inhibition of these MMPs. These findings suggest that achievable micromolar concentrations of cysteamine effectively inhibit cancer cell invasion and migration in GBM, supporting the potential for use as an adjunct cancer treatment."
5097,brain tumour,38893116,"Optimization, Characterization, and Comparison of Two Luciferase-Expressing Mouse Glioblastoma Models.","Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain cancer. To model GBM in research, orthotopic brain tumor models, including syngeneic models like GL261 and genetically engineered mouse models like TRP, are used. In longitudinal studies, tumor growth and the treatment response are typically tracked with in vivo imaging, including bioluminescence imaging (BLI), which is quick, cost-effective, and easily quantifiable. However, BLI requires luciferase-tagged cells, and recent studies indicate that the luciferase gene can elicit an immune response, leading to tumor rejection and experimental variation. We sought to optimize the engraftment of two luciferase-expressing GBM models, GL261 Red-FLuc and TRP-mCherry-FLuc, showing differences in tumor take, with GL261 Red-FLuc cells requiring immunocompromised mice for 100% engraftment. Immunohistochemistry and MRI revealed distinct tumor characteristics: GL261 Red-FLuc tumors were well-demarcated with densely packed cells, high mitotic activity, and vascularization. In contrast, TRP-mCherry-FLuc tumors were large, invasive, and necrotic, with perivascular invasion. Quantifying the tumor volume using the HALO"
5098,brain tumour,38893114,Helium Ion Therapy for Advanced Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma.,"Helium ion therapy (HRT) is a promising modality for the treatment of pediatric tumors and those located close to critical structures due to the favorable biophysical properties of helium ions. This in silico study aimed to explore the potential benefits of HRT in advanced juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) compared to proton therapy (PRT). We assessed 11 consecutive patients previously treated with PRT for JNA in a definitive or postoperative setting with a relative biological effectiveness (RBE) weighted dose of 45 Gy (RBE) in 25 fractions at the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center. HRT plans were designed retrospectively for dosimetric comparisons and risk assessments of radiation-induced complications. HRT led to enhanced target coverage in all patients, along with sparing of critical organs at risk, including a reduction in the brain integral dose by approximately 27%. In terms of estimated risks of radiation-induced complications, HRT led to a reduction in ocular toxicity, cataract development, xerostomia, tinnitus, alopecia and delayed recall. Similarly, HRT led to reduced estimated risks of radiation-induced secondary neoplasms, with a mean excess absolute risk reduction of approximately 30% for secondary CNS malignancies. HRT is a promising modality for advanced JNA, with the potential for enhanced sparing of healthy tissue and thus reduced radiation-induced acute and long-term complications."
5099,brain tumour,38893111,Is ,"Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized contemporary oncology, presenting efficacy in various solid tumors and lymphomas. However, ICIs may potentially overstimulate the immune system, leading to immune-related adverse events (irAEs). IrAEs may affect multiple organs, such as the colon, stomach, small intestine, kidneys, skin, lungs, joints, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, brain, heart, and endocrine glands (e.g., pancreas, thyroid, or adrenal glands), exhibiting autoimmune inflammation. "
5100,brain tumour,38893106,Enabling Navigation and Augmented Reality in the Sitting Position in Posterior Fossa Surgery Using Intraoperative Ultrasound.,"Despite its broad use in cranial and spinal surgery, navigation support and microscope-based augmented reality (AR) have not yet found their way into posterior fossa surgery in the sitting position. While this position offers surgical benefits, navigation accuracy and thereof the use of navigation itself seems limited. Intraoperative ultrasound (iUS) can be applied at any time during surgery, delivering real-time images that can be used for accuracy verification and navigation updates. Within this study, its applicability in the sitting position was assessed. Data from 15 patients with lesions within the posterior fossa who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based navigation-supported surgery in the sitting position were retrospectively analyzed using the standard reference array and new rigid image-based MRI-iUS co-registration. The navigation accuracy was evaluated based on the spatial overlap of the outlined lesions and the distance between the corresponding landmarks in both data sets, respectively. Image-based co-registration significantly improved ("
5101,brain tumour,38893100,Surgical Management of High-Grade Meningiomas.,"Maximal resection with the preservation of neurological function are the mainstays of the surgical management of high-grade meningiomas. Surgical morbidity is strongly associated with tumor size, location, and invasiveness, whereas patient survival is strongly associated with the extent of resection, tumor biology, and patient health. A versatile microsurgical skill set combined with a cogent multimodality treatment plan is critical in order to achieve optimal patient outcomes. Continued refinement in surgical techniques in conjunction with directed radiotherapeutic and medical therapies will define future treatment."
5102,brain tumour,38893093,Microglia in Glioblastomas: Molecular Insight and Immunotherapeutic Potential.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and devastating primary brain tumors, with a median survival of 15 months following diagnosis. Despite the intense treatment regimen which routinely includes maximal safe neurosurgical resection followed by adjuvant radio- and chemotherapy, the disease remains uniformly fatal. The poor prognosis associated with GBM is multifactorial owing to factors such as increased proliferation, angiogenesis, and metabolic switching to glycolytic pathways. Critically, GBM-mediated local and systemic immunosuppression result in inadequate immune surveillance and ultimately, tumor-immune escape. Microglia-the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS)-play crucial roles in mediating the local immune response in the brain. Depending on the specific pathological cues, microglia are activated into either a pro-inflammatory, neurotoxic phenotype, known as M1, or an anti-inflammatory, regenerative phenotype, known as M2. In either case, microglia secrete corresponding pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that either promote or hinder tumor growth. Herein, we review the interplay between GBM cells and resident microglia with a focus on contemporary studies highlighting the effect of GBM on the subtypes of microglia expressed, the associated cytokines/chemokines secreted, and ultimately, their impact on tumor pathogenesis. Finally, we explore how understanding the intricacies of the tumor-immune landscape can inform novel immunotherapeutic strategies against this devastating disease."
5103,brain tumour,38893082,Integrating Ataxia Evaluation into Tumor-Induced Hearing Loss Model to Comprehensively Study NF2-Related Schwannomatosis.,"NF2-related Schwannomatosis (NF2-SWN) is a disease that needs new solutions. The hallmark of NF2-SWN, a dominantly inherited neoplasia syndrome, is bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VSs), which progressively enlarge, leading to sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, facial weakness, and pain that translates to social impairment and clinical depression. Standard treatments for growing VSs include surgery and radiation therapy (RT); however, both carry the risk of further nerve damage that can result in deafness and facial palsy. The resultant suffering and debility, in combination with the paucity of therapeutic options, make the effective treatment of NF2-SWN a major unmet medical need. A better understanding of these mechanisms is essential to developing novel therapeutic targets to control tumor growth and improve patients' quality of life. Previously, we developed the first orthotopic cerebellopontine angle mouse model of VSs, which faithfully mimics tumor-induced hearing loss. In this model, we observed that mice exhibit symptoms of ataxia and vestibular dysfunction. Therefore, we further developed a panel of five tests suitable for the mouse VS model and investigated how tumor growth and treatment affect gait, coordination, and motor function. Using this panel of ataxia tests, we demonstrated that both ataxia and motor function deteriorated concomitantly with tumor progression. We further demonstrated that (i) treatment with anti-VEGF resulted in tumor size reduction, mitigated ataxia, and improved rotarod performance; (ii) treatment with crizotinib stabilized tumor growth and led to improvements in both ataxia and rotarod performance; and (iii) treatment with losartan did not impact tumor growth nor ameliorate ataxia or motor function. Our studies demonstrated that these methods, paired with hearing tests, enable a comprehensive evaluation of tumor-induced neurological deficits and facilitate the assessment of the effectiveness of novel therapeutics to improve NF2 treatments."
5104,brain tumour,38893076,Radiotherapy for Recurrent Medulloblastoma in Children and Adolescents: Survival after Re-Irradiation and First-Time Irradiation.,"Radiotherapy (RT) involving craniospinal irradiation (CSI) is important in the initial treatment of medulloblastoma. At recurrence, the re-irradiation options are limited and associated with severe side-effects."
5105,brain tumour,38892705,"An Examination into the Effects of a Nutraceutical Supplement on Cognition, Stress, Eye Health, and Skin Satisfaction in Adults with Self-Reported Cognitive Complaints: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.",
5106,brain tumour,38892628,Insights into the Mechanisms of Action of ,This comprehensive review delineates the extensive roles of 
5107,brain tumour,38892466,EGFRvIII Confers Sensitivity to Saracatinib in a STAT5-Dependent Manner in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, with few effective treatments. EGFR alterations, including expression of the truncated variant EGFRvIII, are among the most frequent genomic changes in these tumors. EGFRvIII is known to preferentially signal through STAT5 for oncogenic activation in GBM, yet targeting EGFRvIII has yielded limited clinical success to date. In this study, we employed patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models expressing EGFRvIII to determine the key points of therapeutic vulnerability within the EGFRvIII-STAT5 signaling axis in GBM. Our findings reveal that exogenous expression of paralogs STAT5A and STAT5B augments cell proliferation and that inhibition of STAT5 phosphorylation in vivo improves overall survival in combination with temozolomide (TMZ). STAT5 phosphorylation is independent of JAK1 and JAK2 signaling, instead requiring Src family kinase (SFK) activity. Saracatinib, an SFK inhibitor, attenuates phosphorylation of STAT5 and preferentially sensitizes EGFRvIII+ GBM cells to undergo apoptotic cell death relative to wild-type EGFR. Constitutively active STAT5A or STAT5B mitigates saracatinib sensitivity in EGFRvIII+ cells. In vivo, saracatinib treatment decreased survival in mice bearing EGFR WT tumors compared to the control, yet in EGFRvIII+ tumors, treatment with saracatinib in combination with TMZ preferentially improves survival."
5108,brain tumour,38892454,Characterization and Hydrolysis Studies of a Prodrug Obtained as Ester Conjugate of Geraniol and Ferulic Acid by Enzymatic Way.,"Ferulic acid (Fer) and geraniol (Ger) are natural compounds whose antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity confer beneficial properties, such as antibacterial, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. However, the short half-lives of these compounds impair their therapeutic activities after conventional administration. We propose, therefore, a new prodrug (Fer-Ger) obtained by a bio-catalyzed ester conjugation of Fer and Ger to enhance the loading of solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) designed as Fer-Ger delivery and targeting systems. SLMs were obtained by hot emulsion techniques without organic solvents. HPLC-UV analysis evidenced that Fer-Ger is hydrolyzed in human or rat whole blood and rat liver homogenates, with half-lives of 193.64 ± 20.93, 20.15 ± 0.75, and 3.94 ± 0.33 min, respectively, but not in rat brain homogenates. Studies on neuronal-differentiated mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells incubated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inductor H"
5109,brain tumour,38892392,"A Phyto-mycotherapeutic Supplement, Namely ","The current standard oncotherapy for glioblastoma is limited by several adverse side effects, leading to a short-term patient survival rate paralleled by a worsening quality of life (QoL). Recently, Complementary and Integrative Medicine's (CIM) innovative approaches have shown positive impacts in terms of better response to treatment, side effect reduction, and QoL improvement. In particular, promising potential in cancer therapy has been found in compounds coming from phyto- and mycotherapy. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the beneficial effects of a new phyto-mycotherapy supplement, named "
5110,brain tumour,38892390,Involvement of Endolysosomes and Aurora Kinase A in the Regulation of Amyloid β Protein Levels in Neurons.,"Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that regulates microtubule organization during neuron migration and neurite formation. Decreased activity of AURKA was found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain samples, but little is known about the role of AURKA in AD pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that AURKA is expressed in primary cultured rat neurons, neurons from adult mouse brains, and neurons in postmortem human AD brains. AURKA phosphorylation, which positively correlates with its activity, is reduced in human AD brains. In SH-SY5Y cells, pharmacological activation of AURKA increased AURKA phosphorylation, acidified endolysosomes, decreased the activity of amyloid beta protein (Aβ) generating enzyme β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE-1), increased the activity of the Aβ degrading enzyme cathepsin D, and decreased the intracellular and secreted levels of Aβ. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of AURKA decreased AURKA phosphorylation, de-acidified endolysosomes, decreased the activity of cathepsin D, and increased intracellular and secreted levels of Aβ. Thus, reduced AURKA activity in AD may contribute to the development of intraneuronal accumulations of Aβ and extracellular amyloid plaque formation."
5111,brain tumour,38892382,CaMKIV-Mediated Phosphorylation Inactivates Freud-1/CC2D1A Repression for Calcium-Dependent 5-HT1A Receptor Gene Induction.,"Calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) mediates calcium-induced neural gene activation. CaMK also inhibits the non-syndromic intellectual disability gene, Freud-1/CC2D1A, a transcriptional repressor of human serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) and dopamine-D2 receptor genes. The altered expression of these Freud-1-regulated genes is implicated in mental illnesses such as major depression and schizophrenia. We hypothesized that Freud-1 is blocked by CaMK-induced phosphorylation. The incubation of purified Freud-1 with either CaMKIIα or CaMKIV increased Freud-1 phosphorylation that was partly prevented in Freud-1-Ser644Ala and Freud-1-Thr780Ala CaMK site mutants. In human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells, active CaMKIV induced the serine and threonine phosphorylation of Freud-1, and specifically increased Freud-1-Thr780 phosphorylation in transfected HEK-293 cells. The activation of purified CaMKIIα or CaMKIV reduced Freud-1 binding to its DNA element on the 5-HT1A and dopamine-D2 receptor genes. In SK-N-SH cells, active CaMKIV but not CaMKIIα blocked the Freud-1 repressor activity, while Freud-1 Ser644Ala, Thr780Ala or dual mutants were resistant to inhibition by activated CaMKIV or calcium mobilization. These results indicate that the Freud-1 repressor activity is blocked by CaMKIV-induced phosphorylation at Thr780, resulting in the up-regulation of the target genes, such as the 5-HT1A receptor gene. The CaMKIV-mediated inhibition of Freud-1 provides a novel de-repression mechanism to induce 5-HT1A receptor expression for the regulation of cognitive development, behavior and antidepressant response."
5112,brain tumour,38892305,Understanding the Role of Endothelial Cells in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms and Novel Treatments.,"Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive neoplasm and the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Endothelial tissue plays a critical role in glioblastoma growth and progression, facilitating angiogenesis, cellular communication, and tumorigenesis. In this review, we present an up-to-date and comprehensive summary of the role of endothelial cells in glioblastomas, along with an overview of recent developments in glioblastoma therapies and tumor endothelial marker identification."
5113,brain tumour,38892263,Role of iRhom2 in Olfaction: Implications for Odorant Receptor Regulation and Activity-Dependent Adaptation.,"The cell surface metalloprotease ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17) and its binding partners iRhom2 and iRhom1 (inactive Rhomboid-like proteins 1 and 2) modulate cell-cell interactions by mediating the release of membrane proteins such as TNFα (Tumor necrosis factor α) and EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) ligands from the cell surface. Most cell types express both iRhoms, though myeloid cells exclusively express iRhom2, and iRhom1 is the main iRhom in the mouse brain. Here, we report that iRhom2 is uniquely expressed in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), highly specialized cells expressing one olfactory receptor (OR) from a repertoire of more than a thousand OR genes in mice. "
5114,brain tumour,38892258,The Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy Corresponds with Corneal Nerve Alterations and Ocular Discomfort of the Patient.,"Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population. Its progression causes gradual damage to corneal nerves, resulting in decreased corneal sensitivity (CS) and disruption of anterior-eye-surface homeostasis, which is clinically manifested by increased ocular discomfort and dry eye disease (DED). This study included 52 DR patients and 52 sex- and age-matched controls. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) survey, tear film-related parameters, CS, and in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCM) of the subbasal plexus were performed. Furthermore, all patients underwent tear sampling for neurotrophin and cytokine analysis. OSDI scores were greater in DR patients than in controls ("
5115,brain tumour,38892217,Human C15orf39 Inhibits Inflammatory Response via PRMT2 in Human Microglial HMC3 Cell Line.,"Microglia-mediated inflammatory response is one key cause of many central nervous system diseases, like Alzheimer's disease. We hypothesized that a novel C15orf39 (MAPK1 substrate) plays a critical role in the microglial inflammatory response. To confirm this hypothesis, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-induced human microglia HMC3 cells as a representative indicator of the microglial in vitro inflammatory response. We found that C15orf39 was down-regulated when interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) expression increased in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated HMC3 cells. Once C15orf39 was overexpressed, IL-6 and TNFα expression were reduced in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated HMC3 cells. In contrast, C15orf39 knockdown promoted IL-6 and TNFα expression in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated HMC3 cells. These results suggest that C15orf39 is a suppressive factor in the microglial inflammatory response. Mechanistically, C15orf39 interacts with the cytoplasmic protein arginine methyltransferase 2 (PRMT2). Thus, we termed C15orf39 a PRMT2 interaction protein (PRMT2 IP). Furthermore, the interaction of C15orf39 and PRMT2 suppressed the activation of NF-κB signaling via the PRMT2-IκBα signaling axis, which then led to a reduction in transcription of the inflammatory factors IL6 and TNF-α. Under inflammatory conditions, NF-κBp65 was found to be activated and to suppress C15orf39 promoter activation, after which it canceled the suppressive effect of the C15orf39-PRMT2-IκBα signaling axis on IL-6 and TNFα transcriptional expression. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that in a steady condition, the interaction of C15orf39 and PRMT2 stabilizes IκBα to inhibit IL-6 and TNFα expression by suppressing NF-κB signaling, which reversely suppresses C15orf39 transcription to enhance IL-6 and TNFα expression in the microglial inflammatory condition. Our study provides a clue as to the role of C15orf39 in microglia-mediated inflammation, suggesting the potential therapeutic efficacy of C15orf39 in some central nervous system diseases."
5116,brain tumour,38892179,IMPDH Inhibition Decreases TERT Expression and Synergizes the Cytotoxic Effect of Chemotherapeutic Agents in Glioblastoma Cells.,"IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibition has emerged as a new target therapy for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which remains one of the most refractory tumors to date. TCGA analyses revealed distinct expression profiles of IMPDH isoenzymes in various subtypes of GBM and low-grade glioma (LGG). To dissect the mechanism(s) underlying the anti-tumor effect of IMPDH inhibition in adult GBM, we investigated how mycophenolic acid (MPA, an IMPDH inhibitor) treatment affected key oncogenic drivers in glioblastoma cells. Our results showed that MPA decreased the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in both U87 and U251 cells, and the expression of O"
5117,brain tumour,38892143,LncRNA BCYRN1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target and Diagnostic Marker in Serum Exosomes in Bladder Cancer.,"Bladder cancer (BC) is a common genitourinary malignancy that exhibits silent morbidity and high mortality rates because of a lack of diagnostic markers and limited effective treatments. Here, we evaluated the role of the lncRNA brain cytoplasmic RNA 1 ("
5118,brain tumour,38892084,Characterization of HIF-1α Knockout Primary Human Natural Killer Cells Including Populations in Allogeneic Glioblastoma.,"Enhancing immune cell functions in tumors remains a major challenge in cancer immunotherapy. Natural killer cells (NK) are major innate effector cells with broad cytotoxicity against tumors. Accordingly, NK cells are ideal candidates for cancer immunotherapy, including glioblastoma (GBM). Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors, and tumor cells and normal cells adapt to the tumor microenvironment by upregulating the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, which can be detrimental to anti-tumor effector immune cell function, including that of NK cells. We knocked out HIF-1α in human primary NK cells using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (Cas9). Then, cellular characterizations were conducted in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Electroporating two HIF-1α-targeting guide RNA-Cas9 protein complexes inhibited HIF-1α expression in expanded NK cells. HIF-1α knockout human NK cells, including populations in hypoxic conditions, enhanced the growth inhibition of allogeneic GBM cells and induced apoptosis in GBM-cell-derived spheroids. RNA-sequencing revealed that the cytotoxicity of HIF-1α knockout NK cells could be related to increased perforin and TNF expression. The results demonstrated that HIF-1α knockout human NK cells, including populations, enhanced cytotoxicity in an environment mimicking the hypoxic conditions of GBM. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated HIF-1α knockout NK cells, including populations, could be a promising immunotherapeutic alternative in patients with GBM."
5119,brain tumour,38892076,Anti-HMGB1 mAb Therapy Reduces Epidural Hematoma Injury.,"Epidural and subdural hematomas are commonly associated with traumatic brain injury. While surgical removal is the primary intervention for these hematomas, it is also critical to prevent and reduce complications such as post-traumatic epilepsy, which may result from inflammatory responses in the injured brain areas. In the present study, we observed that high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) decreased in the injured brain area beneath the epidural hematoma (EDH) in rats, concurrent with elevated plasma levels of HMGB1. Anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody therapy strongly inhibited both HMGB1 release and the subsequent increase in plasma levels. Moreover, this treatment suppressed the up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines and related molecules such as interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the injured areas. Our in vitro experiments using SH-SY5Y demonstrated that hematoma components-thrombin, heme, and ferrous ion- prompted HMGB1 translocation from the nuclei to the cytoplasm, a process inhibited by the addition of the anti-HMGB1 mAb. These findings suggest that anti-HMGB1 mAb treatment not only inhibits HMGB1 translocation but also curtails inflammation in injured areas, thereby protecting the neural tissue. Thus, anti-HMGB1 mAb therapy could serve as a complementary therapy for an EDH before/after surgery."
5120,brain tumour,38891994,Genetic Insights into Colorectal Cancer: Evaluating PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway Genes Expression.,"The PI3K/AKT pathway plays a pivotal role in cellular processes, and its dysregulation is implicated in various cancers, including colorectal cancer. The present study correlates the expression levels of critical genes ("
5121,brain tumour,38891988,"Melanoma Management: Exploring Staging, Prognosis, and Treatment Innovations.","Melanoma, a malignant neoplasm originating from melanocytes, stands as one of the most prevalent cancers globally, ranking fifth in terms of estimated new cases in recent years. Its aggressive nature and propensity for metastasis pose significant challenges in oncology. Recent advancements have led to a notable shift towards targeted therapies, driven by a deeper understanding of cutaneous tumor pathogenesis. Immunotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have emerged as promising strategies, demonstrating the potential to improve clinical outcomes across all disease stages, including neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and metastatic settings. Notably, there has been a groundbreaking development in the treatment of brain metastasis, historically associated with poor prognosis in oncology but showcasing impressive results in melanoma patients. This review article provides a comprehensive synthesis of the most recent knowledge on staging and prognostic factors while highlighting emerging therapeutic modalities, with a particular focus on neoadjuvant and adjuvant strategies, notably immunotherapy and targeted therapies, including the ongoing trials."
5122,brain tumour,38891962,Revolutionizing Glioblastoma Treatment: A Comprehensive Overview of Modern Therapeutic Approaches.,"Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in the adult population, with an average survival of 12.1 to 14.6 months. The standard treatment, combining surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, is not as efficient as we would like. However, the current possibilities are no longer limited to the standard therapies due to rapid advancements in biotechnology. New methods enable a more precise approach by targeting individual cells and antigens to overcome cancer. For the treatment of glioblastoma, these are gamma knife therapy, proton beam therapy, tumor-treating fields, EGFR and VEGF inhibitors, multiple RTKs inhibitors, and PI3K pathway inhibitors. In addition, the increasing understanding of the role of the immune system in tumorigenesis and the ability to identify tumor-specific antigens helped to develop immunotherapies targeting GBM and immune cells, including CAR-T, CAR-NK cells, dendritic cells, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Each of the described methods has its advantages and disadvantages and faces problems, such as the inefficient crossing of the blood-brain barrier, various neurological and systemic side effects, and the escape mechanism of the tumor. This work aims to present the current modern treatments of glioblastoma."
5123,brain tumour,38891890,Unlocking Glioblastoma Vulnerabilities with CRISPR-Based Genetic Screening.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite advancements in treatment, the prognosis for patients with GBM remains poor due to its aggressive nature and resistance to therapy. CRISPR-based genetic screening has emerged as a powerful tool for identifying genes crucial for tumor progression and treatment resistance, offering promising targets for tumor therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advancements in CRISPR-based genetic screening approaches and their applications in GBM. We highlight how these approaches have been used to uncover the genetic determinants of GBM progression and responsiveness to various therapies. Furthermore, we discuss the ongoing challenges and future directions of CRISPR-based screening methods in advancing GBM research."
5124,brain tumour,38891882,Advances in Anti-Cancer Drug Development: Metformin as Anti-Angiogenic Supplemental Treatment for Glioblastoma.,"According to the WHO 2016 classification, glioblastoma is the most prevalent primary tumor in the adult central nervous system (CNS) and is categorized as grade IV. With an average lifespan of about 15 months from diagnosis, glioblastoma has a poor prognosis and presents a significant treatment challenge. Aberrant angiogenesis, which promotes tumor neovascularization and is a prospective target for molecular target treatment, is one of its unique and aggressive characteristics. Recently, the existence of glioma stem cells (GSCs) within the tumor, which are tolerant to chemotherapy and radiation, has been linked to the highly aggressive form of glioblastoma. Anti-angiogenic medications have not significantly improved overall survival (OS), despite various preclinical investigations and clinical trials demonstrating encouraging results. This suggests the need to discover new treatment options. Glioblastoma is one of the numerous cancers for which metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic medication belonging to the Biguanides family, is used as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and it has shown both in vitro and in vivo anti-tumoral activity. Based on these findings, the medication has been repurposed, which has shown the inhibition of many oncopromoter mechanisms and, as a result, identified the molecular pathways involved. Metformin inhibits cancer cell growth by blocking the LKB1/AMPK/mTOR/S6K1 pathway, leading to selective cell death in GSCs and inhibiting the proliferation of CD133+ cells. It has minimal impact on differentiated glioblastoma cells and normal human stem cells. The systematic retrieval of information was performed on PubMed. A total of 106 articles were found in a search on metformin for glioblastoma. Out of these six articles were Meta-analyses, Randomized Controlled Trials, clinical trials, and Systematic Reviews. The rest were Literature review articles. These articles were from the years 2011 to 2024. Appropriate studies were isolated, and important information from each of them was understood and entered into a database from which the information was used in this article. The clinical trials on metformin use in the treatment of glioblastoma were searched on clinicaltrials.gov. In this article, we examine and evaluate metformin's possible anti-tumoral effects on glioblastoma, determining whether or not it may appropriately function as an anti-angiogenic substance and be safely added to the treatment and management of glioblastoma patients."
5125,brain tumour,38891074,The Role of Mesenchymal Reprogramming in Malignant Clonal Evolution and Intra-Tumoral Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common yet uniformly fatal adult brain cancer. Intra-tumoral molecular and cellular heterogeneities are major contributory factors to therapeutic refractoriness and futility in GBM. Molecular heterogeneity is represented through molecular subtype clusters whereby the proneural (PN) subtype is associated with significantly increased long-term survival compared to the highly resistant mesenchymal (MES) subtype. Furthermore, it is universally recognized that a small subset of GBM cells known as GBM stem cells (GSCs) serve as reservoirs for tumor recurrence and progression. The clonal evolution of GSC molecular subtypes in response to therapy drives intra-tumoral heterogeneity and remains a critical determinant of GBM outcomes. In particular, the intra-tumoral MES reprogramming of GSCs using current GBM therapies has emerged as a leading hypothesis for therapeutic refractoriness. Preventing the intra-tumoral divergent evolution of GBM toward the MES subtype via new treatments would dramatically improve long-term survival for GBM patients and have a significant impact on GBM outcomes. In this review, we examine the challenges of the role of MES reprogramming in the malignant clonal evolution of glioblastoma and provide future perspectives for addressing the unmet therapeutic need to overcome resistance in GBM."
5126,brain tumour,38891070,KR158 Spheres Harboring Slow-Cycling Cells Recapitulate High-Grade Glioma Features in an Immunocompetent System.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) poses a significant challenge in clinical oncology due to its aggressive nature, heterogeneity, and resistance to therapies. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in GBM, particularly in treatment resistance and tumor relapse, emphasizing the need to comprehend the mechanisms regulating these cells. Also, their multifaceted contributions to the tumor microenvironment (TME) underline their significance, driven by their unique properties. This study aimed to characterize glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), specifically slow-cycling cells (SCCs), in an immunocompetent murine GBM model to explore their similarities with their human counterparts. Using the KR158 mouse model, we confirmed that SCCs isolated from this model exhibited key traits and functional properties akin to human SCCs. KR158 murine SCCs, expanded in the gliomasphere assay, demonstrated sphere forming ability, self-renewing capacity, positive tumorigenicity, enhanced stemness and resistance to chemotherapy. Together, our findings validate the KR158 murine model as a framework to investigate GSCs and SCCs in GBM pathology, and explore specifically the SCC-immune system communications, understand their role in disease progression, and evaluate the effect of therapeutic strategies targeting these specific connections."
5127,brain tumour,38891029,Reprogramming Glioblastoma Cells into Non-Cancerous Neuronal Cells as a Novel Anti-Cancer Strategy.,"Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with a high mortality rate. Direct reprogramming of glial cells to different cell lineages, such as induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) and induced neurons (iNeurons), provides genetic tools to manipulate a cell's fate as a potential therapy for neurological diseases. NeuroD1 (ND1) is a master transcriptional factor for neurogenesis and it promotes neuronal differentiation. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the expression of ND1 in GBM cells can force them to differentiate toward post-mitotic neurons and halt GBM tumor progression. In cultured human GBM cell lines, including LN229, U87, and U373 as temozolomide (TMZ)-sensitive and T98G as TMZ-resistant cells, the neuronal lineage conversion was induced by an adeno-associated virus (AAV) package carrying ND1. Twenty-one days after AAV-ND1 transduction, ND1-expressing cells displayed neuronal markers MAP2, TUJ1, and NeuN. The ND1-induced transdifferentiation was regulated by Wnt signaling and markedly enhanced under a hypoxic condition (2% O"
5128,brain tumour,38890790,Outcomes of Stereotactic Radiation Therapy Versus Fractionated Radiation Therapy in 44 Dogs With Pituitary Masses: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study (2016-2022).,"Although canine pituitary masses (PM) are increasingly treated with stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), historical literature supports superior outcomes with conventional full-course fractionated radiation therapy (FRT). A multi-institutional retrospective study was performed, including dogs with PM treated from 2016 to 2022 with SRT (total dose 30 or 35 Gy in 5 daily fractions) or FRT (total dose 50-54 Gy in 19-20 daily fractions). The influence of potential prognostic/predictive factors was assessed, including pituitary: brain height, pituitary: brain volume, sex, age and endocrine status (functional [F] vs. nonfunctional [NF] PM). Forty-four dogs with PM were included (26 F, 14 NF, 4 unknown). All patients completed protocols as scheduled (SRT = 27, FRT = 17) and two dogs had suspected Grade 1 acute neurotoxicity. During the first 6 months after RT, 5/27 (19%) dogs treated with SRT (4 F, 1 NF) and 3/17 (18%) dogs treated with FRT (all F) died or were euthanised because of progressive neurologic signs. The overall median survival time was 608 days (95% CI, 375-840 days). Young age at the time of treatment was significant for survival (p = 0.0288); the overall median survival time was 753 days for dogs <9 years of age (95% CI, 614-892 days) and 445 days for dogs ≥9 years of age (95% CI, 183-707 days). Survival time was not associated with treatment type or any other factor assessed herein. A prospective study using standardised protocols would further validate the results of the present study and potentially elucidate the predictors of early death."
5129,brain tumour,38890786,How can we approach preoperative frailty and related factors in patients with cancer? A scoping review.,To identify factors related to preoperative frailty in patients with cancer and map the tools that measure frailty.
5130,brain tumour,38890722,Exosomes as drug delivery systems in glioma immunotherapy.,"Recently, the significant benefits of cancer immunotherapy for most cancers have been demonstrated in clinical and preclinical studies. However, the efficacy of these immunotherapies for gliomas is limited, owing to restricted drug delivery and insufficient immune activation. As drug carriers, exosomes offer the advantages of low toxicity, good biocompatibility, and intrinsic cell targeting, which could enhance glioma immunotherapy efficacy. However, a review of exosome-based drug delivery systems for glioma immunotherapy has not been presented. This review introduces the current problems in glioma immunotherapy and the role of exosomes in addressing these issues. Meanwhile, preparation and application strategies of exosome-based drug delivery systems for glioma immunotherapy are discussed, especially for enhancing immunogenicity and reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Finally, we briefly describe the challenges of exosome-based drug delivery systems in clinical translation. We anticipate that this review will guide the use of exosomes as drug carriers for glioma immunotherapy."
5131,brain tumour,38890658,Unveiling divergent treatment prognoses in IDHwt-GBM subtypes through multiomics clustering: a swift dual MRI-mRNA model for precise subtype prediction.,"IDH1-wildtype glioblastoma multiforme (IDHwt-GBM) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive brain tumour characterised by a dismal prognosis and significant challenges in accurately predicting patient outcomes. To address these issues and personalise treatment approaches, we aimed to develop and validate robust multiomics molecular subtypes of IDHwt-GBM. Through this, we sought to uncover the distinct molecular signatures underlying these subtypes, paving the way for improved diagnosis and targeted therapy for this challenging disease."
5132,brain tumour,38890642,Programmed cell death disrupts inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME) and promotes glioblastoma evolution.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor and has a dismal prognosis even under the current first-line treatment, with a 5-year survival rate less than 7%. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism of treatment resistance and develop new anti-tumor strategies. Induction of programmed cell death (PCD) has become a promising anti-tumor strategy, but its effectiveness in treating GBM remains controversial. On the one hand, PCD triggers tumor cell death and then release mediators to draw in immune cells, creating a pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME). One the other hand, mounting evidence suggests that PCD and inflammatory TME will force tumor cells to evolve under survival stress, leading to tumor recurrence. The purpose of this review is to summarize the role of PCD and inflammatory TME in the tumor evolution of GBM and promising methods to overcome tumor evolution."
5133,brain tumour,38890189,To become part of the team-patient experiences of participating in decision-making for a new treatment (proton beam therapy).,The aim of this study was to explore patients' experience of participation in the treatment decision of proton beam therapy versus conventional radiotherapy.
5134,brain tumour,38890156,Endoscopic transcavernous approach for functional pituitary adenomas.,Invasion of the CS is one of the limiting factors for total resection for PitNet tumors with cure rates less than 30%. Extended approaches may be considered in selective and well-studied cases of secreting adenomas.
5135,brain tumour,38890114,,"Sarcomas constitute approximately 1% of adult cancers and 8%-10% of paediatric cancers. Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a type of soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) characterised by dedifferentiated cancer cells. The most common sites of metastasis for UPS include the lungs, liver, bones and regional lymph nodes. Brain metastasis is rare, affecting only 1%-8% of STS patients. This report presents a unique case of a woman in her 80s with a "
5136,brain tumour,38890021,Reconceptualizing mental health in cancer survivorship.,"Mental health for cancer survivors in both research and clinical applications has strongly adopted a traditional nosological approach, involving the classification of psychopathology into discrete disorders. However, this approach has recently faced considerable criticism due to issues such as high comorbidity and within-disorder symptom heterogeneity across populations. Moreover, there are additional specific issues impacting the validity of traditional approaches in cancer survivorship populations, including the physiological effects of cancer and its treatments. In response, we provide the case for the hierarchical dimensional approach within psycho-oncology, in particular the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). We discuss not only the potential utility of HiTOP to research and clinical applications within psycho-oncology, but also its limitations, and what is required to apply this approach within cancer survivorship."
5137,brain tumour,38889968,Probabilistic Presurgical Language fMRI Atlas of Patients with Brain Tumors.,"Patients with brain tumors have high intersubject variation in putative language regions, which may limit the utility of straightforward application of healthy subject brain atlases in clinical scenarios. The purpose of this study was to develop a probabilistic functional brain atlas that consolidates language functional activations of sentence completion and Silent Word Generation language paradigms using a large sample of patients with brain tumors."
5138,brain tumour,38889539,Secondary cancer risk assessment in healthy organs following craniospinal irradiation.,"Medulloblastoma is a central nerves tumor that often occurs in pediatrics. The main radiotherapy technique for this tumor type is craniospinal irradiation (CSI), through which the whole brain and spinal cord are exposed to radiation. Due to the immaturity of healthy organs in pediatrics, radiogenic side effects such as second cancer are more severe. Accordingly, the current study aimed to evaluate the risk of secondary cancer development in healthy organs following CSI."
5139,brain tumour,38889498,Real-world outcomes of pemetrexed-platinum chemotherapy plus osimertinib after progression on first-line osimertinib in advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC.,"First-line pemetrexed-platinum chemotherapy + osimertinib(Pem-Plat-Osi) improves progression-free survival as compared to osimertinib alone in advanced epidermal growth factor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, many patients are hesitant to commence chemotherapy upfront. We describe outcomes to Pem-Plat-Osi after first-line osimertinib failure."
5140,brain tumour,38889227,Pin1-catalyzed conformational regulation after phosphorylation: A distinct checkpoint in cell signaling and drug discovery.,"Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common mechanisms regulating cellular signaling pathways, and many kinases and phosphatases are proven drug targets. Upon phosphorylation, protein functions can be further regulated by the distinct isomerase Pin1 through cis-trans isomerization. Numerous protein targets and many important roles have now been elucidated for Pin1. However, no tools are available to detect or target cis and trans conformation events in cells. The development of Pin1 inhibitors and stereo- and phospho-specific antibodies has revealed that cis and trans conformations have distinct and often opposing cellular functions. Aberrant conformational changes due to the dysregulation of Pin1 can drive pathogenesis but can be effectively targeted in age-related diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review advances in understanding the roles of Pin1 signaling in health and disease and highlight conformational regulation as a distinct signal transduction checkpoint in disease development and treatment."
5141,brain tumour,38889068,Pembrolizumab in an HIV-infected patient with glioblastoma.,"Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) carry increased risk for developing malignancies, including glioblastoma. Despite extensive investigations, both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and glioblastoma are incurable. Treatment for a patient with combined glioblastoma and HIV remains an unexplored need. Preliminary evidence suggests that immunotherapy may be effective for the simultaneous treatment of both HIV and cancer by reversing HIV latency and T cell exhaustion. We present a case of glioblastoma in a PLWH who was treated with pembrolizumab. Treatment was well tolerated and safe with a mixed response. Our patient did not develop any opportunistic infections, immune-related adverse events, or worsening of his immunodeficiency. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a PLWH and glioblastoma treated with immunotherapy."
5142,brain tumour,38888652,Exosomes isolated from citrus lemon: a promising candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.,
5143,brain tumour,38888628,Endocannabinoid Receptor 2 Function is Associated with Tumor-Associated Macrophage Accumulation and Increases in T Cell Number to Initiate a Potent Antitumor Response in a Syngeneic Murine Model of Glioblastoma.,
5144,brain tumour,38888438,Characteristics of malignant brain tumor-associated epileptic spasms.,"Although epilepsy is the most common comorbidity of brain tumors, epileptic spasms rarely occur. Brain tumors associated with epileptic spasms are mostly low-grade gliomas. To date, few studies in the literature have reported on malignant (Grades 3-4) brain tumors associated with epileptic spasms. Thus, we aimed to investigate the characteristics of malignant brain tumor-associated epileptic spasms. We retrospectively reviewed patients with malignant brain tumors and epileptic spasms in our institution. Data on demographics, tumor histology, magnetic resonance imaging, epileptic spasm characteristics, electroencephalography, and treatment responsiveness were also collected. Six patients were included. In all cases, the brain tumors occurred in infancy in the supratentorial region and epileptic spasm onset occurred after the completion of brain tumor treatment. Anti-seizure medication did not control epileptic spasms; two patients were seizure-free after epileptic surgery. Although all patients had developmental delays caused by malignant brain tumors and their treatment, developmental regression proceeded after epileptic spasm onset. Two patients who achieved seizure-free status showed improved developmental outcomes after cessation of epileptic spasms. This is the first report of the characteristics of malignant brain tumor-associated epileptic spasms. Our report highlights a difficulties of seizure control and possibillity of efficacy of epileptic surgery in this condition. In malignant brain tumor-associated epileptic spasms, it is important to proceed with presurgical evaluation from an early stage, bearing in mind that epileptic spasms may become drug-resistant."
5145,brain tumour,38888378,Aloesin ameliorates hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal mice by suppressing TLR4-mediated neuroinflammation.,"At present, neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), especially moderate to severe HIE, is a challenging disease for neonatologists to treat, and new alternative/complementary treatments are urgently needed. The neuroinflammatory cascade triggered by hypoxia-ischemia (HI) insult is one of the core pathological mechanisms of HIE. Early inhibition of neuroinflammation provides long-term neuroprotection. Plant-derived monomers have impressive anti-inflammatory effects. Aloesin (ALO) has been shown to have significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in diseases such as ulcerative colitis, but its role in HIE is unclear. To this end, we conducted a series of experiments to explore the potential mechanism of ALO in preventing and treating brain damage caused by HI insult."
5146,brain tumour,38888316,The Extra-Extended Translabyrinthine Approach for Resection of Large Acoustic Neuroma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.,"The extended translabyrinthine approach to acoustic neuroma (AN) was created to allow improved visualization and access to larger tumors.1,2 The dural opening, however, remained confined to the presigmoid space. Other authors have introduced modifications to increase the dura exposure around the internal auditory canal (IAC).3-5 The extra-extended translabyrinthine approach was conceptualized by the senior author (CC) to maximize AN exposure and early cranial nerve identification. The tentorial peeling was added to allow extradural mobilization of the temporal lobe.6 This allows further safe bone removal around the IAC and petrous apex and consistent opening of the facial canal at IAC fundus. This modification creates 280-to-360-degree dura exposure at the IAC. The dural opening extends to the petrous apex superiorly and the prepontine arachnoid cistern inferiorly and includes resection of a tentorium dural flap created by the tentorial peeling.6 This exposure allows for near circumferential exposure of the tumor and early identification of the glossopharyngeal nerve in the cochlear aqueduct area, the trigeminal nerve at the porus trigeminal, and the facial nerve (FN) at IAC fundus. In addition, this ample exposure permits identification of the FN trajectory in the tumor capsule before any tumor dissection. We present a detailed video of extra-extended translabyrinthine approach technique in a patient with a large left AN (Hannover classification T4B).7 This video does not involve any human research projects not requiring Institutional Review Board/ethic committee approval. The patient consented to the procedure and to the publication of his image. Complete resection was obtained. The FN function was House-Brackman I/VI."
5147,brain tumour,38888211,Impact of brain organoid-derived sEVs on metastatic adaptation and invasion of breast carcinoma cells through a microphysiological system.,"Brain metastases are common in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), suggesting a complex process of cancer spread. The mechanisms enabling TNBC cell adaptation and proliferation in the brain remain unclear. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a crucial role in communication between breast carcinoma cells and the brain. However, the lack of relevant models hinders understanding of sEV-mediated communication. The present study assesses the impact of brain organoid-derived sEVs (BO-sEVs) on various behaviours of the MDA-MB-231 cell line, chosen as a representative of TNBC in a 3D microfluidic model. Our results demonstrate that 150-200 nm sEVs expressing CD63, CD9, and CD81 from brain organoid media decrease MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, enhance their wound-healing capacity, alter their morphology into more mesenchymal mode, and increase their stemness. BO-sEVs led to heightened PD-L1, CD49f, and vimentin levels of expression in MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting an amplified immunosuppressive, stem-like, and mesenchymal phenotype. Furthermore, these sEVs also induced the expression of neural markers such as GFAP in carcinoma cells. The cytokine antibody profiling array also showed that BO-sEVs enhanced the secretion of MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 by MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, sEVs significantly enhance the migration and invasion of carcinoma cells toward brain organoids in a 3D organoid-on-a-chip system. Our findings emphasize the potential significance of metastatic site-derived sEVs as pivotal mediators in carcinoma progression and adaptation to the brain microenvironment, thereby unveiling novel therapeutic avenues."
5148,brain tumour,38888097,A Bayesian convolutional neural network-based generalized linear model.,"Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) provide flexible function approximations for a wide variety of applications when the input variables are in the form of images or spatial data. Although CNNs often outperform traditional statistical models in prediction accuracy, statistical inference, such as estimating the effects of covariates and quantifying the prediction uncertainty, is not trivial due to the highly complicated model structure and overparameterization. To address this challenge, we propose a new Bayesian approach by embedding CNNs within the generalized linear models (GLMs) framework. We use extracted nodes from the last hidden layer of CNN with Monte Carlo (MC) dropout as informative covariates in GLM. This improves accuracy in prediction and regression coefficient inference, allowing for the interpretation of coefficients and uncertainty quantification. By fitting ensemble GLMs across multiple realizations from MC dropout, we can account for uncertainties in extracting the features. We apply our methods to biological and epidemiological problems, which have both high-dimensional correlated inputs and vector covariates. Specifically, we consider malaria incidence data, brain tumor image data, and fMRI data. By extracting information from correlated inputs, the proposed method can provide an interpretable Bayesian analysis. The algorithm can be broadly applicable to image regressions or correlated data analysis by enabling accurate Bayesian inference quickly."
5149,brain tumour,38887966,Diffusion kurtosis imaging-based habitat analysis identifies high-risk molecular subtypes and heterogeneity matching in diffuse gliomas.,High-risk types of diffuse gliomas in adults include isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioblastomas and grade 4 astrocytomas. Achieving noninvasive prediction of high-risk molecular subtypes of gliomas is important for personalized and precise diagnosis and treatment.
5150,brain tumour,38887864,Label-free imaging diagnosis and collagen-optical evaluation of endometrioid adenocarcinoma with multiphoton microscopy.,"The assessment of tumor grade and pathological stage plays a pivotal role in determining the treatment strategy and predicting the prognosis of endometrial cancer. In this study, we employed multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to establish distinctive optical pathological signatures specific to endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC), while also assessing the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MPM for this particular malignancy. The MPM technique exhibits robust capability in discriminating between benign hyperplasia and various grades of cancer tissue, with statistically significant differences observed in nucleocytoplasmic ratio and second harmonic generation/two-photon excited fluorescence intensity. Moreover, by utilizing semi-automated image analysis, we identified notable disparities in six collagen signatures between benign and malignant endometrial stroma. Our study demonstrates that MPM can differentiate between benign endometrial hyperplasia and EAC without labels, while also quantitatively assessing changes in the tumor microenvironment by analyzing collagen signatures in the endometrial stromal tissue."
5151,brain tumour,38887816,Fetal dose assessment in a pregnant patient with brain tumor: A comparative study of proton PBS and 3DCRT/VMAT radiation therapy techniques.,"The treatment of brain tumors in pregnant patients poses challenges, as the out-of-field dose exposure to the fetus can potentially be harmful. A pregnant patient with prior radiation treatment was presented with a brain tumor at our clinic. This work reports on our pre-treatment study that compared fetal dose exposure between intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) using pencil beam scanning (PBS) and conventional photon 3D conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and the subsequent pregnant patient's radiation treatment."
5152,brain tumour,38887494,Systemic Inflammation Differences in Brain-vs. Circulatory-Dead Donors: Impact on Lung Transplant Recipients.,"Brain death triggers a systemic inflammatory response. Whether systemic inflammation is different in lung donors after brain- (DBD) or circulatory-death (DCD) is unknown, but this may potentially increase the incidence of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) after lung transplantation. We compared the plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α in BDB and DCD and their respective recipients, as well as their relationship with PGD and mortality after LT. A prospective, observational, multicenter, comparative, cohort-nested study that included 40 DBD and 40 DCD lung donors matched and their respective recipients. Relevant clinical information and blood samples were collected before/during lung retrieval in donors and before/during/after (24, 48 and 72 h) LT in recipients. Incidence of PGD and short-term mortality after LT was recorded. Plasma levels of all determined cytokines were numerically higher in DBD than in DCD donors and reached statistical significance for IL-6, IL-10 and IL-8. In recipients with PGD the donor's plasma levels of TNF-α were higher. The post-operative mortality rate was very low and similar in both groups. DBD is associated with higher systemic inflammation than DCD donors, and higher TNF-α plasma levels in donors are associated with a higher incidence of PGD."
5153,brain tumour,38887197,Epilepsy alters brain networks in patients with insular glioma.,We intend to elucidate the alterations of cerebral networks in patients with insular glioma-related epilepsy (GRE) based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance images.
5154,brain tumour,38887185,Identification and validation of COL6A1 as a novel target for tumor electric field therapy in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain malignancy. Novel therapeutic modalities like tumor electric field therapy (TEFT) have shown promise, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is implicated in GBM progression, warranting investigation into TEFT-ECM interplay."
5155,brain tumour,38886809,CRISPR-Cas9 screens reveal common essential miRNAs in human cancer cell lines.,"Genome-wide functional screening using the CRISPR-Cas9 system is a powerful tool to uncover tumor-specific and common genetic dependencies across cancer cell lines. Current CRISPR-Cas9 knockout libraries, however, primarily target protein-coding genes. This limits functional genomics-based investigations of miRNA function."
5156,brain tumour,38886727,Possible association of dose rate and the development of late visual toxicity for patients with intracranial tumours treated with pencil beam scanned proton therapy.,"Rare but severe toxicities of the optic apparatus have been observed after treatment of intracranial tumours with proton therapy. Some adverse events have occurred at unusually low dose levels and are thus difficult to understand considering dose metrics only. When transitioning from double scattering to pencil beam scanning, little consideration was given to increased dose rates observed with the latter delivery paradigm. We explored if dose rate related metrics could provide additional predicting factors for the development of late visual toxicities."
5157,brain tumour,38886661,Robust brain tumor classification by fusion of deep learning and channel-wise attention mode approach.,"Diagnosing brain tumors is a complex and time-consuming process that relies heavily on radiologists' expertise and interpretive skills. However, the advent of deep learning methodologies has revolutionized the field, offering more accurate and efficient assessments. Attention-based models have emerged as promising tools, focusing on salient features within complex medical imaging data. However, the precise impact of different attention mechanisms, such as channel-wise, spatial, or combined attention within the Channel-wise Attention Mode (CWAM), for brain tumor classification remains relatively unexplored. This study aims to address this gap by leveraging the power of ResNet101 coupled with CWAM (ResNet101-CWAM) for brain tumor classification. The results show that ResNet101-CWAM surpassed conventional deep learning classification methods like ConvNet, achieving exceptional performance metrics of 99.83% accuracy, 99.21% recall, 99.01% precision, 99.27% F1-score and 99.16% AUC on the same dataset. This enhanced capability holds significant implications for clinical decision-making, as accurate and efficient brain tumor classification is crucial for guiding treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes. Integrating ResNet101-CWAM into existing brain classification software platforms is a crucial step towards enhancing diagnostic accuracy and streamlining clinical workflows for physicians."
5158,brain tumour,38886655,Unveiling the therapeutic potential of IHMT-337 in glioma treatment: targeting the EZH2-SLC12A5 axis.,"Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system, with EZH2 playing a crucial regulatory role. This study further explores the abnormal expression of EZH2 and its mechanisms in regulating glioma progression. Additionally, it was found that IHMT-337 can potentially be a therapeutic agent for glioma. The prognosis, expression, and localization of EZH2 were determined using bioinformatics, IHC staining, Western blot (WB) analysis, and immunofluorescence (IF) localization. The effects of EZH2 on cell function were assessed using CCK-8 assays, Transwell assays, and wound healing assays. Public databases and RT-qPCR were utilized to identify downstream targets. The mechanisms regulating these downstream targets were elucidated using MS-PCR and WB analysis. The efficacy of IHMT-337 was demonstrated through IC50 measurements, WB analysis, and RT-qPCR. The effects of IHMT-337 on glioma cells in vitro were evaluated using Transwell assays, EdU incorporation assays, and flow cytometry. The potential of IHMT-337 as a treatment for glioma was assessed using a blood-brain barrier (BBB) model and an orthotopic glioma model. Our research confirms significantly elevated EZH2 expression in gliomas, correlating with patient prognosis. EZH2 facilitates glioma proliferation, migration, and invasion alongside promoting SLC12A5 DNA methylation. By regulating SLC12A5 expression, EZH2 activates the WNK1-OSR1-NKCC1 pathway, enhancing its interaction with ERM to promote glioma migration. IHMT-337 targets EZH2 in vitro to inhibit WNK1 activation, thereby suppressing glioma cell migration. Additionally, it inhibits cell proliferation and arrests the cell cycle. IHMT-337 has the potential to cross the BBB and has successfully inhibited glioma progression in vivo. This study expands our understanding of the EZH2-SLC12A5 axis in gliomas, laying a new foundation for the clinical translation of IHMT-337 and offering new insights for precision glioma therapy."
5159,brain tumour,38886618,Evidence for somatic mutation screening on aggressive prolactinomas.,No abstract found
5160,brain tumour,38886591,DUSP6 inhibition overcomes neuregulin/HER3-driven therapy tolerance in HER2+ breast cancer.,"Despite clinical benefits of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in cancer, most tumors can reactivate proliferation under TKI therapy. Here we present transcriptional profiling of HER2+ breast cancer cells transitioning from dormant drug tolerant cells to re-proliferating cells under continuous HER2 inhibitor (HER2i) therapy. Focusing on phosphatases, expression of dual-specificity phosphatase DUSP6 was found inhibited in dormant cells, but strongly induced upon regrowth. DUSP6 expression also selectively associated with poor patient survival in HER2+ breast cancers. DUSP6 overexpression conferred apoptosis resistance, whereas its pharmacological blockade prevented therapy tolerance development under HER2i therapy. DUSP6 targeting also synergized with clinically used HER2i combination therapies. Mechanistically DUSP6 is a positive regulator of HER3 expression, and its impact on HER2i tolerance was mediated by neuregulin-HER3 axis. In vivo, genetic targeting of DUSP6 reduced tumor growth in brain metastasis model, whereas its pharmacological targeting induced synthetic lethal therapeutic effect in combination with HER2i. Collectively this work demonstrates that DUSP6 drives escape from HER2i-induced dormancy, and that DUSP6 is a druggable target to overcome HER3-driven TKI resistance."
5161,brain tumour,38886495,The relationship between prognosis and temporal muscle thickness in 102 patients with glioblastoma.,"Temporal muscle thickness measured on 3D MRI has recently been linked to prognosis in glioblastoma patients and may serve as an independent prognostic indicator. This single-center study looked at temporal muscle thickness and prognosis in patients with primary glioblastoma. Overall survival was the major study outcome. For a retrospective analysis from 2010 to 2020, clinical data from 102 patients with glioblastoma at the Department of Oncology Radiotherapy of the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University were gathered. Fifty-five cases from 2016 to 2020 contained glioblastoma molecular typing data, of which 45 were IDH wild-type glioblastomas and were analysed separately. TMT was measured on enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance images in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.Overall patient survival (OS) was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and survival curves were plotted using the log-rank-sum test to determine differences between groups, and multifactorial analyses were performed using a Cox proportional-risk model.The median TMT for 102 patients was 6.775 mm (range: 4.95-10.45 mm). Patients were grouped according to median TMT, and the median overall survival (23.0 months) was significantly longer in the TMT > median group than in the TMT median group (P 0.001; Log-rank test). Analysing 45 patients with IDH wild type alone, the median overall survival (12 months) of patients in the TMT > median group was significantly longer than that of patients in the TMT ≤ median group (8 months) (P < 0.001; Log-rank test).TMT can serve as an independent prognostic factor for glioblastoma."
5162,brain tumour,38886395,The impact of ZTE-based MR attenuation correction compared to CT-AC in ,Tumor-to-normal ratio (T/N) measurement of 
5163,brain tumour,38886138,Safety of non-replicative and oncolytic replication-selective HSV vectors.,"Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a DNA virus and human pathogen used to construct promising therapeutic vectors. HSV-1 vectors fall into two classes: replication-selective oncolytic vectors for cancer therapy and defective non-replicative vectors for gene therapy. Vectors from each class can accommodate ≥30 kb of inserts, have been approved clinically, and demonstrate a relatively benign safety profile. Despite oncolytic HSV (oHSV) replication in tumors and elicited immune responses, the virus is well tolerated in cancer patients. Current non-replicative vectors elicit only limited immune responses. Seropositivity and immune responses against HSV-1 do not eliminate either the vector or infected cells, and the vectors can therefore be re-administered. In this review we highlight vectors that have been translated to the clinic and host-virus immune interactions that impact on the safety and efficacy of HSVs."
5164,brain tumour,38886116,Hypothesis: AdAPT-001 and pseudoprogression - when seeing is not necessarily believing.,"The purpose of this commentary is to highlight the high occurrence of clinical pseudoprogression and delayed responses that have been observed to date with the locally injected oncolytic adenovirus, AdAPT-001, currently in a Phase 1/2 clinical trial (NCT04673942) for the treatment of treatment-refractory tumors. Not surprisingly, these have led to confusion about response assessment and whether to continue patients on treatment. AdAPT-001 carries a transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta trap (TGF-β), which sequesters TGF-β, a cytokine that potently regulates inflammation, fibrosis, and immunosuppression in cancer. Pseudoprogression (PsP) or progression prior to response or stabilization, has been widely recognized with radiotherapy for primary brain tumors and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). PsP has also been described and documented in the context of oncolytic virotherapy but perhaps to a lesser extent. However, repeated intratumoral injections with these immunostimulatory agents may induce a more intense immune response and release more antigenic epitopes than with ICIs, for example, which are strictly T-cell directed rather than also tumor-directed like AdAPT-001."
5165,brain tumour,38885918,Comparison of Morphine and Endomorphin Analog ZH853 for Tolerance and Immunomodulation in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain.,"µ-Opioid receptor agonists, the gold standard for analgesia, come with significant side effects when used chronically. Tolerance, defined as the decrease in analgesic activity after repeated use, remains a vital therapeutic obstacle as it increases the likelihood of dose escalation and potentially lethal side effects like respiratory depression. Previous experiments have shown that the endomorphin-1 analog, ZH853, is a specific µ-opioid receptor agonist with reduced side effects like tolerance and glial activation following chronic central administration in pain-naive animals. Here, we investigated the effects of chronic, peripheral administration of µ-opioid receptor agonists following neuropathic injury. Though µ-opioids are effective at reducing neuropathic pain, they are not recommended for first-line treatment due to negative side effects. Compared with chronic morphine, chronic ZH853 treatment led to decreased tolerance and reduced glial activation. Following twice-daily intravenous injections, morphine was less potent and had a shorter duration of antinociception compared with ZH853. Chronic morphine, but not chronic ZH853, elevated markers of activation/inflammation of astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein), microglia (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1), the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α, and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase p38 (pp38). By contrast, chronic ZH853 reduced ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 and tumor necrosis factor-α relative to both morphine and vehicle, suggesting anti-inflammatory properties with respect to these markers. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and pp38 were not significantly different from vehicle but were significantly lower than morphine. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of chronic ZH853 for providing analgesia in a neuropathic pain state with reduced tolerance compared with morphine, potentially due to reductions in spinal glial activation. PERSPECTIVE: Neuropathic pain is generally undertreated and resistant to medication, and side-effects limit opioid treatment. Here, we show that, compared with an equiantinociceptive dose of morphine, chronic intravenous administration of endomorphin analog ZH853 led to prolonged antiallodynia, reduced tolerance, and inhibition of spinal cord neuroinflammation in male spared nerve-injured rats."
5166,brain tumour,38885905,Challenges and opportunities in the development and clinical implementation of artificial intelligence based synthetic computed tomography for magnetic resonance only radiotherapy.,"Synthetic computed tomography (sCT) generated from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can serve as a substitute for planning CT in radiation therapy (RT), thereby removing registration uncertainties associated with multi-modality imaging pairing, reducing costs and patient radiation exposure. CE/FDA-approved sCT solutions are nowadays available for pelvis, brain, and head and neck, while more complex deep learning (DL) algorithms are under investigation for other anatomic sites. The main challenge in achieving a widespread clinical implementation of sCT lies in the absence of consensus on sCT commissioning and quality assurance (QA), resulting in variation of sCT approaches across different hospitals. To address this issue, a group of experts gathered at the ESTRO Physics Workshop 2022 to discuss the integration of sCT solutions into clinics and report the process and its outcomes. This position paper focuses on aspects of sCT development and commissioning, outlining key elements crucial for the safe implementation of an MRI-only RT workflow."
5167,brain tumour,38885850,Hepatic LRP-1 plays an important role in amyloidosis in Alzheimer's disease mice: Potential role in chronic heavy alcohol feeding.,"Hepatic lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1) plays a central role in peripheral amyloid beta (Aβ) clearance, but its importance in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is understudied. Our previous work showed that intragastric alcohol feeding to C57BL/6 J mice reduced hepatic LRP-1 expression which correlated with significant AD-relevant brain changes. Herein, we examined the role of hepatic LRP-1 in AD pathogenesis in APP/PS1 AD mice using two approaches to modulate hepatic LRP-1, intragastric alcohol feeding to model chronic heavy drinking shown by us to reduce hepatic LRP-1, and hepato-specific LRP-1 silencing."
5168,brain tumour,38885540,Long road towards effective HER3 targeting in breast cancer.,"Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, encompassing multiple different subtypes. Thanks to the increasing knowledge of the diverse biological features of each subtype, most patients receive personalized treatment based on known biomarkers. However, the role of some biomarkers in breast cancer evolution is still unknown, and their potential use as a therapeutic target is still underexplored. HER3 is a member of the human epidermal growth factors receptor family, overexpressed in 50%-70% of breast cancers. HER3 plays a key role in cancer progression, metastasis development, and drug resistance across all the breast cancer subtypes. Owing to its critical role in cancer progression, many HER3-targeting therapies have been developed over the past decade with conflicting findings. Next-generation antibody-drug conjugates have recently shown promising results in solid tumors expressing HER3, including breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the HER3 role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and its relevance across all subtypes. We also explore the new anti-HER3 treatment strategies, calling into question the significance of HER3 detection as crucial information in breast cancer treatment."
5169,brain tumour,38885531,Optical Fiber-Enabled In Situ Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation for Infiltrating Tumor Therapy in Brain.,"In addition to repressing proliferation, inhibiting the infiltration of tumor cells is an important strategy to improve the treatment of malignant tumors. Herein, a photocatalyst (pCNMC@Pt) is designed by sequentially assembling manganese dioxide, chlorin e6, and platinum (Pt) nanoparticles onto protonated graphitic carbon nitride. With the help of a Z-scheme structure and near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer, pCNMC@Pt is capable of responding to NIR light to generate large amounts of hydrogen (H"
5170,brain tumour,38885371,Efficacy and safety of personalized optimal PD-(L)1 combinations in advanced NSCLC: a network meta-analysis.,"Programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1)-directed immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatments for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), whereas the optimal therapeutic combinations remain uncertain."
5171,brain tumour,38885356,Nivolumab Reaches Brain Lesions in Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma and Induces T-cell Activity and Upregulation of Checkpoint Pathways.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis. Although immunotherapy is being explored as a potential treatment option for patients with GBM, it is unclear whether systemic immunotherapy can reach and modify the tumor microenvironment in the brain. We evaluated immune characteristics in patients receiving the anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab 1 week prior to surgery, compared with control patients receiving salvage resection without prior nivolumab treatment. We observed saturating levels of nivolumab bound to intratumorally and tissue-resident T cells in the brain, implicating saturating levels of nivolumab reaching brain tumors. Following nivolumab treatment, significant changes in T-cell activation and proliferation were observed in the tumor-resident T-cell population, and peripheral T cells upregulated chemokine receptors related to brain homing. A strong nivolumab-driven upregulation in compensatory checkpoint inhibition molecules, i.e., TIGIT, LAG-3, TIM-3, and CTLA-4, was observed, potentially counteracting the treatment effect. Finally, tumor-reactive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were found in a subset of nivolumab-treated patients with prolonged survival, and neoantigen-reactive T cells were identified in both TILs and blood. This indicates a systemic response toward GBM in a subset of patients, which was further boosted by nivolumab, with T-cell responses toward tumor-derived neoantigens. Our study demonstrates that nivolumab does reach the GBM tumor lesion and enhances antitumor T-cell responses both intratumorally and systemically. However, various anti-inflammatory mechanisms mitigate the clinical efficacy of the anti-PD-1 treatment."
5172,brain tumour,38885332,Triptolide and its prodrug Minnelide target high-risk MYC-amplified medulloblastoma in preclinical models.,"Most children with medulloblastoma (MB) achieve remission, but some face very aggressive metastatic tumors. Their dismal outcome highlights the critical need to advance therapeutic approaches that benefit such high-risk patients. Minnelide, a clinically relevant analog of the natural product triptolide, has oncostatic activity in both preclinical and early clinical settings. Despite its efficacy and tolerable toxicity, this compound has not been evaluated in MB. Utilizing a bioinformatic data set that integrates cellular drug response data with gene expression, we predicted that Group 3 (G3) MB, which has a poor 5-year survival, would be sensitive to triptolide/Minnelide. We subsequently showed that both triptolide and Minnelide attenuate the viability of G3 MB cells ex vivo. Transcriptomic analyses identified MYC signaling, a pathologically relevant driver of G3 MB, as a downstream target of this class of drugs. We validated this MYC dependency in G3 MB cells and showed that triptolide exerts its efficacy by reducing both MYC transcription and MYC protein stability. Importantly, Minnelide acted on MYC to reduce tumor growth and leptomeningeal spread, which resulted in improved survival of G3 MB animal models. Moreover, Minnelide improved the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy, further highlighting its potential for the treatment of MYC-driven G3 MB."
5173,brain tumour,38885250,Sex differences in glioblastoma based on tumor subtypes.,No abstract found
5174,brain tumour,38885219,The Sybil prophecy: Searching for predictors of response to bevacizumab in glioblastoma.,No abstract found
5175,brain tumour,38884947,A critical review of RAF inhibitors in BRAF-mutated glioma treatment.,"BRAF gliomas have garnered significant attention in research due to the lack of effective treatments and their notable incidence, constituting 3% of all gliomas. This underlines the importance of investigating this area and the impact that targeted therapies could hold. This review discusses the development of targeted therapies for these tumors, examining the effectiveness of first-generation BRAF inhibitors such as Vemurafenib, Dabrafenib and Encorafenib, while addressing the challenges posed by paradoxical ERK activation. The advent of pan-RAF inhibitors, notably Tovorafenib, offers a promising advance, demonstrating enhanced efficacy and better penetration of the blood-brain barrier, without the issue of paradoxical activation. Nevertheless, continued research is essential to refine therapeutic strategies for BRAF-mutated gliomas, given the evolving nature of targeted therapy development."
5176,brain tumour,38884945,SALL4 upregulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor to mediate Hedgehog signaling to inhibit carboplatin sensitivity in colon adenocarcinoma.,
5177,brain tumour,38884819,Revisiting intrathecal thiotepa: Efficacy and safety in secondary CNS malignancies.,Treating metastatic malignancies to the central nervous system (CNS) is challenging because many drugs cannot cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Direct intrathecal (IT) drug administration into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a strategy to overcome this problem. Thiotepa has effective CNS penetration but its popularity has waned over the last two decades due to concerns about its efficacy and potential systemic toxicity. This review evaluates the available evidence for the use of IT thiotepa in hematologic malignancies and non-CNS solid tumors with leptomeningeal disease metastases (LMD). Our search shows that IT thiotepa is a reasonable alternative in hematologic malignancies and LMD due to solid organ malignancies. This suggests a potential role of IT thiotepa in second-or third-line treatment or a substitute role in cases of drug-shortages and adverse effects with other agents. Future research should focus on rigorous comparative trials to establish its definitive role in the evolving landscape of CNS-directed chemotherapy.
5178,brain tumour,38884778,Pediatric-type diffuse low-grade glioma with T2-FLAIR mismatch sign: a case report and literature review.,"Pediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas are a new entity that was introduced in the fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, which was published in 2021. Notably, the information regarding the radiophenotypes of this new entity is limited."
5179,brain tumour,38884777,Immunotherapy for pediatric low-grade gliomas.,"Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) are the most common brain tumor types affecting children. Although gross-total resection remains the treatment of choice, many tumors are not amenable to complete removal, because they either involve midline structures, such as the optic chiasm or hypothalamus, and are not conducive to aggressive resection, or have diffuse biological features and blend with the surrounding brain. Historically, radiation therapy was used as the second-line option for disease control, but with the recognition that this often led to adverse long-term sequelae, particularly in young children, conventional chemotherapy assumed a greater role in initial therapy for unresectable tumors. A variety of agents demonstrated activity, but long-term disease control was suboptimal, with more than 50% of tumors exhibiting disease progression within 5 years. More recently, it has been recognized that a high percentage of these tumors in children exhibit constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway because of BRAF translocations or mutations, NFI mutations, or a host of other anomalies that converged on MAPK. This led to phase 1, 2, and 3 trials that explored the activity of blocking this signaling pathway, and the efficacy of this approach compared to conventional chemotherapy. Despite initial promise of these strategies, not all children tolerate this therapy, and many tumors resume growth once MAPK inhibition is stopped, raising concern that long-term and potentially life-long treatment will be required to maintain tumor control, even among responders. This observation has led to interest in other treatments, such as immunotherapy, that may delay or avoid the need for additional treatments. This chapter will summarize the place of immunotherapy in the current armamentarium for these tumors and discuss prior results and future options to improve disease control, with a focus on our prior efforts and experience in this field."
5180,brain tumour,38884673,Prediction of prognosis in glioblastoma with radiomics features extracted by synthetic MRI images using cycle-consistent GAN.,"To propose a style transfer model for multi-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images with a cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) and evaluate the image quality and prognosis prediction performance for glioblastoma (GBM) patients from the extracted radiomics features. Style transfer models of T1 weighted MRI image (T1w) to T2 weighted MRI image (T2w) and T2w to T1w with CycleGAN were constructed using the BraTS dataset. The style transfer model was validated with the Cancer Genome Atlas Glioblastoma Multiforme (TCGA-GBM) dataset. Moreover, imaging features were extracted from real and synthesized images. These features were transformed to rad-scores by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-Cox regression. The prognosis performance was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. For the accuracy of the image quality of the real and synthesized MRI images, the MI, RMSE, PSNR, and SSIM were 0.991 ± 2.10 "
5181,brain tumour,38884671,Assessing tumor volumetric reduction with consideration for setup errors based on mathematical tumor model and microdosimetric kinetic model in single-isocenter VMAT for brain metastases.,"The volumetric reduction rate (VRR) was evaluated with consideration for six degrees-of-freedom (6DoF) patient setup errors based on a mathematical tumor model in single-isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy (SI-VMAT) for brain metastases. Simulated gross tumor volumes (GTV) of 1.0 cm and dose distribution were created (27 Gy/3 fractions). The distance between the GTV center and isocenter (d) was set at 0-10 cm. The GTV was translated within 0-1.0 mm (Trans) and rotated within 0-1.0° (Rot) in the three axis directions using affine transformation. The tumor growth volume was calculated using a multicomponent mathematical model (MCTM), and lethal effects of irradiation and repair from damage during irradiation were calculated by a microdosimetric kinetic model (MKM) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 and NCI-H460 (H460) cells. The VRRs were calculated 5 days after the end of irradiation using the physical dose to the GTV for varying d and 6DoF setup errors. The tolerance value of VRR, the GTV volume reduction rate, was set at 5%, based on the pre-irradiation GTV volume. With the exception of the only one A549 condition where (Trans, Rot) = (1.0 mm, 1.0°) was repeated for 3 fractions, all conditions met all the tolerance VRR values for A549 and H460 cells with varying d from 0 to 10 cm. Evaluation based on the mathematical tumor model suggested that if the 6DoF setup errors at each irradiation could be kept within 1.0 mm and 1.0°, there would be little effect on tumor volume regardless of the distance from the isocenter in SI-VMAT."
5182,brain tumour,38884661,TRIM37 interacts with EZH2 to epigenetically suppress PTCH1 and regulate stemness in glioma stem cells through sonic hedgehog pathway.,"Glioma stem cells (GSCs), which are known for their therapy resistance, play a substantial role in treatment inefficacy for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). TRIM37, a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family initially linked to a rare growth disorder, has been recognized for its oncogenic role. However, the mechanism by which TRIM37 regulates tumor growth in glioma and GSCs is unclear."
5183,brain tumour,38884434,[Differential diagnosis of epileptogenic substrates of unknown etiology using a modification of the routine MRI protocol].,To evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of modifying the standard MRI protocol as part of an interdisciplinary presurgical examination of patients with epileptogenic substrates of unknown etiology.
5184,brain tumour,38884280,Multi-center study on sellar reconstruction after endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.,"Surgical techniques for sellar reconstruction include no reconstruction, use of synthetic materials, autologous grafts, and/or vascularized flaps. The aim of this study was to conduct a multi-center study comparing the efficacy and postoperative morbidity associated with different sellar reconstruction techniques."
5185,brain tumour,38884269,Cabozantinib in children with recurrent diffuse gliomas.,No abstract found
5186,brain tumour,38884167,Single-Cell Chromatin Accessibility Analysis Reveals Subgroup-Specific TF-NTR Regulatory Circuits in Medulloblastoma.,"Medulloblastoma (MB) stands as one of the prevalent malignant brain tumors among pediatric patients. Despite its prevalence, the intricate interplay between the regulatory program driving malignancy in MB cells and their interactions with the microenvironment remains insufficiently understood. Leveraging the capabilities of single-cell Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq), the chromatin accessibility landscape is unveiled across 59,015 distinct MB cells. This expansive dataset encompasses cells belonging to discrete molecular subgroups, namely SHH, WNT, Group3, and Group4. Within these chromatin accessibility profiles, specific regulatory elements tied to individual subgroups are uncovered, shedding light on the distinct activities of transcription factors (TFs) that likely orchestrate the tumorigenesis process. Moreover, it is found that certain neurotransmitter receptors (NTRs) are subgroup-specific and can predict MB subgroup classification when combined with their associated transcription factors. Notably, targeting essential NTRs within tumors influences both the in vitro sphere-forming capability and the in vivo tumorigenic capacity of MB cells. These findings collectively provide fresh insights into comprehending the regulatory networks and cellular dynamics within MBs. Furthermore, the significance of the TF-NTR regulatory circuits is underscored as prospective biomarkers and viable therapeutic targets."
5187,brain tumour,38884089,On the effects of 30.5 GHz sinusoidal wave exposure on glioblastoma organoids.,"Glioblastoma (grade IV) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, representing one of the biggest therapeutic challenges due to its highly aggressive nature. In this study, we investigated the impact of millimeter waves on tridimensional glioblastoma organoids derived directly from patient tumors. Our goal was to explore novel therapeutic possibilities in the fight against this challenging disease."
5188,brain tumour,38884081,Middle ear neuroendocrine tumor with multiple brain metastases: a case report and literature review.,"Middle ear neuroendocrine tumor (MeNET) is a low-grade tumor with rare recurrence or metastasis. Here, we describe the case of a 29-year-old man who suffered from MeNET that recurred 3 times over 10 years and eventually metastasized to the brain. The patient was treated with surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, the tumor was not entirely removed as the brain metastatic tumor adhered tightly to the brainstem. Due to tumor rupture and bleeding after multiple brain tumor removal, profound coma developed. Finally, the patient died 10 months after the last surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a MeNET case with multiple brain metastases. Characteristics of the present case indicate that CK, SYN, increased Ki67 index, and ATRX may be potential biomarkers of invasive MeNET. The survival of patients with brain metastatic MeNET may be extended by surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Close follow-up of distinctive metastases and biomarkers related to recurrence is also suggested."
5189,brain tumour,38884028,Update Breast Cancer 2024 Part 1 - Expert Opinion on Advanced Breast Cancer.,"Clinical evidence is interpreted based on clinical studies and personal experience which can lead to different interpretations of data. This makes the opinions issued by panels of experts such as the Advanced Breast Cancer Panel which convened in November 2023 for the seventh time (ABC7) particularly important. At the conference, current issues around advanced breast cancer were evaluated by an international team of experts. In 2023 the data on CDK4/6 inhibitors was so extensive that the answers to questions about the sequencing of therapy and the potential use of chemotherapy as an alternative therapy were relatively clear. Moreover, data on antibody drug conjugates which provides a good overview of their uses is available for all molecular subtypes. Some therapeutic settings, including patients with brain metastases or leptomeningeal disease, older patients, locally advanced breast cancer and visceral crises, continue to be particularly important and were discussed in structured sessions. The scientific context of some of the topics discussed at ABC7 is presented and assessed here."
5190,brain tumour,38884005,Nomogram for radiation-induced lymphopenia in patients receiving intensity-modulated radiotherapy based-chemoradiation therapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma: A multi-institutional study.,Severe lymphopenia (SLP) has emerged as a significant prognostic factor in glioblastoma. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)-based radiation therapy (RT) is suggested to minimize the risk of SLP. This study aimed to evaluate SLP incidence based on multi-institutional database in patients with GBM treated with IMRT and develop a predictive nomogram.
5191,brain tumour,38883194,Cost-effectiveness analysis of bevacizumab combined with lomustine in the treatment of progressive glioblastoma using a Markov model simulation analysis.,Progressive glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignancy with extremely poor prognosis. Chemotherapy is one of the approved systemic treatment modalities. The aim of this study is to assess the cost-effectiveness of using bevacizumab (BEV) in combination with lomustine (LOM) regimen for the treatment of progressive glioblastoma in China.
5192,brain tumour,38882547,A Big Prospect for Hydrogel Nano-System in Glioma.,"Patients diagnosed with glioma typically face a limited life expectancy (around 15 months on average), a bleak prognosis, and a high likelihood of recurrence. As such, glioma is recognized as a significant form of malignancy. Presently, the treatment options for glioma include traditional approaches such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Regrettably, the efficacy of these treatments has been less than optimal. Nevertheless, a promising development in glioma treatment lies in the use of hydrogel nano-systems as sophisticated delivery systems. These nano-systems have demonstrated exceptional therapeutic effects in the treatment of glioma by various responsive ways, including temperature-response, pH-response, liposome-response, ROS-response, light-response, and enzyme-response. This study seeks to provide a comprehensive summary of both the therapeutic application of hydrogel nano-systems in managing glioma and the underlying immune action mechanisms."
5193,brain tumour,38882177,Multimodal Brain Tumor Classification Using Convolutional Tumnet Architecture.,"The most common and aggressive tumor is brain malignancy, which has a short life span in the fourth grade of the disease. As a result, the medical plan may be a crucial step toward improving the well-being of a patient. Both diagnosis and therapy are part of the medical plan. Brain tumors are commonly imaged with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and computed tomography (CT). In this paper, multimodal fused imaging with classification and segmentation for brain tumors was proposed using the deep learning method. The MRI and CT brain tumor images of the same slices (308 slices of meningioma and sarcoma) are combined using three different types of pixel-level fusion methods. The presence/absence of a tumor is classified using the proposed Tumnet technique, and the tumor area is found accordingly. In the other case, Tumnet is also applied for single-modal MRI/CT (561 image slices) for classification. The proposed Tumnet was modeled with 5 convolutional layers, 3 pooling layers with ReLU activation function, and 3 fully connected layers. The first-order statistical fusion metrics for an average method of MRI-CT images are obtained as SSIM tissue at 83%, SSIM bone at 84%, accuracy at 90%, sensitivity at 96%, and specificity at 95%, and the second-order statistical fusion metrics are obtained as the standard deviation of fused images at 79% and entropy at 0.99. The entropy value confirms the presence of additional features in the fused image. The proposed Tumnet yields a sensitivity of 96%, an accuracy of 98%, a specificity of 99%, normalized values of the mean of 0.75, a standard deviation of 0.4, a variance of 0.16, and an entropy of 0.90."
5194,brain tumour,38882134,Advancing Parkinson's Disease Diagnostics: The Potential of Arylpyrazolethiazole Derivatives for Imaging α-Synuclein Aggregates.,"The development of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers capable of detecting α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates in vivo would represent a breakthrough for advancing the understanding and enabling the early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and related disorders. It also holds the potential to assess the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. However, this remains challenging due to different structures of α-syn aggregates, the need for selectivity over other structurally similar amyloid proteins, like amyloid-β (Aβ), which frequently coexist with α-syn pathology, and the low abundance of the target in the brain that requires the development of a high-affinity ligand. To develop a successful PET tracer for the central nervous system (CNS), stringent criteria in terms of polarity and molecular size must also be considered, as the tracer must penetrate the blood-brain barrier and have low nonspecific binding to brain tissue. Here, we report a series of arylpyrazolethiazole (APT) derivatives, rationally designed from a structure-activity relationship study centered on existing ligands for α-syn fibrils, with a particular focus on the selectivity toward α-syn fibrils and control of physicochemical properties suitable for a CNS PET tracer. In vitro competition binding assays performed against ["
5195,brain tumour,38882019,Sensitivity of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Detection of Choroidal Metastases.,The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of choroidal metastasis (CM) from systemic primary cancers.
5196,brain tumour,38881934,Expression and prognostic significance of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in brain tumors: a retrospective cohort study.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor and has poor survival. An elevated cholesterol level is involved occurrence and progression of brain tumors. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) is a target for lowering lipids, and its inhibition helps to improve hyperlipidemia. However, whether the altered expression of "
5197,brain tumour,38881925,Distribution characteristics and prognosis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the brain metastases of small cell lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study.,"The efficacy of immunotherapy for brain metastases from small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is relatively low, and the tumor microenvironment of SCLC brain metastases is still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the distribution of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in patients with brain metastases from SCLC to explore the tumor microenvironment of SCLC brain metastases."
5198,brain tumour,38881923,,"Elevated expression of SLC7A11, in conjunction with glucose deprivation, has revealed disulfidptosis as an emerging cell death modality. However, the prevalence of disulfidptosis across tumor cell lines, irrespective of SLC7A11 levels, remains uncertain. Additionally, deletion of the ribophorin I ("
5199,brain tumour,38881515,Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Alleviates Memory Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease by Enhancing the Astrocytic Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway.,"Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is strongly linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, it is found that the injection of chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), mimicking ECM remodeling, into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) reversed short-term memory loss and reduced amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition in 5xFAD mice. ECM remodeling also reactivated astrocytes, reduced the levels of aggrecan in Aβ plaques, and enhanced astrocyte recruitment to surrounding plaques. Importantly, ECM remodeling enhanced the autophagy-lysosome pathway in astrocytes, thereby mediating Aβ clearance and alleviating AD pathology. ECM remodeling also promoted Aβ plaque phagocytosis by astrocytes by activating the astrocytic phagocytosis receptor MERTK and promoting astrocytic vesicle circulation. The study identified a cellular mechanism in which ECM remodeling activates the astrocytic autophagy-lysosomal pathway and alleviates AD pathology. Targeting ECM remodeling may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for AD and serve as a reference for the treatment of this disease."
5200,brain tumour,38881327,Comparison of clinical and MRI features of brain metastases between ALK+ and ALK- NSCLC.,"Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the primary cause of brain metastases (BM). This study aimed to investigate differences in clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of BM between anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene fusion (ALK+) and ALK wild-type (ALK-) NSCLC, and to preliminarily assess the efficacy of radiotherapy for treating BM."
5201,brain tumour,38881122,Perforation of Jejunal Metastasis from Primary Lung Carcinoma with Brain Metastasis: A Rare Case.,A case describes a 49-year-old male patient who underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy for small intestinal perforation. Peritonitis was present due to perforation of the jejunal tumor. Resection of the jejunal tumor with perforation was performed followed by end-to-end anastomosis of the jejunum. The resected jejunal tumor was identified in the histopathological examination as metastatic from a clear cell variant of squamous cell/large cell carcinoma of the lung. It was associated with metastatic lesions in the brain. Metastasis from the lung carcinoma in the jejunum is a very rare condition predisposing to small intestinal perforation which is also associated with brain metastasis.
5202,brain tumour,38881023,"[Aggressive pituitary tumors and carcinomas: modern classification, advances and prospects in treatment].","Despite slow growth of most pituitary tumors and high rates of total resection and/or effective therapy, pituitary neoplasms are characterized by aggressive behavior with high growth rate, frequent relapses and resistance to standard treatments in 10% of cases. In modern WHO classifications of tumors of the central nervous system, endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors, the authors propose the definition «pituitary neuroendocrine tumor» instead of previous «pituitary adenoma» and «metastasizing pituitary neuroendocrine tumor» instead of «pituitary carcinoma». Currently, there are no effective prognostic markers of aggressive tumors. This complicates early diagnosis. It is proposed to apply a five-stage prognostic classification based on proliferation rate (including mitotic count, Ki-67 index and p53 immunoexpression) and morphometric markers of invasiveness for all resected pituitary neoplasms. This approach would be valuable for earlier detection of aggressive tumors and pituitary carcinomas. Compression of visual pathways, third ventricle and brain stem due to rapid growth of aggressive tumors usually requires redo surgeries with subsequent radiotherapy. Hormonally active tumors require therapy with somatostatin analogues and dopamine agonists in maximum possible doses. Chemotherapy with temozolomide as first-line option is recommended if standard treatment is ineffective. Alternative treatment includes peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), molecular targeted therapy (bevacizumab, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, everolimus and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors) and immunotherapy (checkpoint inhibitors). Considering the need for combined treatment, these cases should always be discussed by a multidisciplinary team (neurosurgeon, endocrinologist, radiotherapist, oncologist, pathologist) with necessary qualifications and experience in treating these patients. Treatment of aggressive tumors and pituitary carcinomas is becoming an active and rapidly developing direction in neurosurgery, endocrinology and oncology."
5203,brain tumour,38881017,[National and world experience in functioning of centers for collective use of biological resource collections of tumors of the central nervous system].,"Collective use center is an organization or structural unit with unique resource providing access to this resource for internal and third-party users. Collective use centers are a relatively new phenomenon in bioresource collections, especially collections of human biological material due to some ethical and legal issues. At the same time, the demand for human biological material continues to grow in fundamental and applied researches. The collective use center «Bioresource collection of tissues and cell cultures of tumors of the human nervous system for fundamental and applied researches» has worked since October 14, 2022. This center has access to unique collection of the Laboratory of Neurosurgical Anatomy and Conservation of Human Biological Tissues of the Burdenko Neurosurgical Center."
5204,brain tumour,38881013,[Intrathecal chemotherapy for leptomeningeal metastases in patients with breast cancer].,"Leptomeningeal metastases are lesions of brain and/or spinal cord sheaths by tumor cells. They occur in 5% of patients with solid tumors, although autopsies reveal these lesions much more often (10-20% of cases). Leptomengeal metastases are an unfavorable prognostic factor. Despite the modern NCCN treatment standards, including intrathecal therapy (ITT), such patients receive only irradiation of the entire brain and/or spinal cord in most cases."
5205,brain tumour,38881009,[About the first publication of I.M. Sechenov. (To the 195th anniversary of his birth)].,"Ivan Mikhailovich Sechenov is a Russian physiologist, a natural scientist, and the creator of the Russian physiological school. The classic work «Reflexes of the Brain», published in 1863, became revolutionary in its own way for medicine and society, since the reflex nature of conscious and unconscious activity was proved. Along with numerous well-known scientific works, there is an early student publication in the Moscow Medical Journal published by A. I. Polunin. It describes the medical history of a patient with a tumor who was unsuccessfully treated for a long time in accordance with the humoral theory of pathology. This publication makes it possible to understand why I. M. Sechenov became disillusioned with practical medicine, but found his vocation in the study of physiology. The article is devoted to the 195th anniversary of the birth of I. M. Sechenov."
5206,brain tumour,38880925,[Advances in Clinical Application of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulating Tumor DNA 
in Leptomeningeal Metastasis of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer].,"Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a lethal complication of malignant tumors, with an incidence rate of 3%-5% among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). LM poses significant challenges in diagnosis, has poor prognosis, limited treatment options, and lacks standardized criteria for evaluating therapeutic efficacy, making it a difficult aspect of NSCLC management. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), shed from tumor cells and carrying cancer-related information, holds significant value in precision oncology. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), present in the subarachnoid space of the brain, the spinal cord, and the central canal, and in direct contact with meningeal tissues, serves as the fluid medium that best reflects the genetic characteristics of LM. In recent years, CSF ctDNA has become a focal point due to its multi-omics features, playing a crucial role in the management of central nervous system (CNS) metastatic tumors. Its applications span the entire continuum of care, including aiding in diagnosis, assessing treatment response, predicting prognosis, and analyzing resistance mechanisms. This article provides a concise overview of CSF ctDNA detection techniques and their clinical applications in patients with NSCLC-LM.
."
5207,brain tumour,38880776,Assessment of PD-L1 Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers Using [,"Assessing programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly in metastatic cases, remains challenging. In this study, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis and ["
5208,brain tumour,38880761,"""If I have a limited amount of time left, this is not how I want to spend it"": A qualitative descriptive study of factors influencing daily life participation following a cancer diagnosis.","Following a cancer diagnosis, restricted participation in daily life is common. Restricted participation can be temporary or long lasting. The aim of this study was to characterize how daily life participation is impacted following a cancer diagnosis."
5209,brain tumour,38880657,The immune response behind peptide vaccination in diffuse midline glioma.,"A first-in-human trial demonstrated that a vaccine targeting the histone mutation H3K27M can induce an immune response, in a mutation-specific manner, in patients with diffuse midline glioma. In a recent study by Boschert et al., the same group now dissects the functional immune response triggered after effective vaccination of one of the patients, who has been in remission for over 3 years. The H3K27M peptide vaccine, named H3-vac, induces a CD4"
5210,brain tumour,38880542,The Story Behind the First Mini-BEAM Photon Radiation Treatment: What is the Mini-Beam and Why is it Such an Advance?,"Radiation treatment has been the cornerstone in cancer management. However, long term treatment-related morbidity always accompanies tumor control which has significant impact on quality of life of the patient who has survived the cancer. Spatially fractionated radiation has the potential to achieve both cure and to avoid dreaded long term sequelae. The first ever randomized study of mini-beam radiation treatment (MBRT) of canine brain tumor has clearly shown the ability to achieve this goal. Dogs have gyrencephalic brains functionally akin to human brain. We here report long term follow-up and final outcome of the dogs, revealing both tumor control and side effects on normal brain. The results augur potential for conducting human studies with MBRT."
5211,brain tumour,38880414,FET PET-based target volume delineation for the radiotherapy of glioblastoma: A pictorial guide to help overcome methodological pitfalls.,"PET is increasingly used for target volume definition in the radiotherapy of glioblastoma, as endorsed by the 2023 ESTRO-EANO guidelines. In view of its growing adoption into clinical practice and upcoming PET-based multi-center trials, this paper aims to assist in overcoming common pitfalls of FET PET-based target delineation in glioblastoma."
5212,brain tumour,26389382,"Childhood Astrocytomas, Other Gliomas, and Glioneuronal/Neuronal Tumors Treatment (PDQ®): Health Professional Version","This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the treatment of childhood astrocytomas, other gliomas, and glioneuronal/neuronal tumors. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians in the care of their patients. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions. This summary is reviewed regularly and updated as necessary by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board, which is editorially independent of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or the National Institutes of Health (NIH)."
5213,brain tumour,38879781,SEP-363856 exerts neuroprotection through the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway in a dual-hit neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia-like mice.,"Schizophrenia (SZ) is a serious, destructive neurodevelopmental disorder. Antipsychotic medications are the primary therapy approach for this illness, but it's important to pay attention to the adverse effects as well. Clinical studies for SZ are currently in phase ΙΙΙ for SEP-363856 (SEP-856)-a new antipsychotic that doesn't work on dopamine D"
5214,brain tumour,38879724,Regulation of primary cilia disassembly through HUWE1-mediated TTBK2 degradation plays a crucial role in cerebellar development and medulloblastoma growth.,"Development of the cerebellum requires precise regulation of granule neuron progenitor (GNP) proliferation. Although it is known that primary cilia are necessary to support GNP proliferation, the exact molecular mechanism governing primary cilia dynamics within GNPs remains elusive. Here, we establish the pivotal roles for the centrosomal kinase TTBK2 (Tau tubulin kinase-2) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 in GNP proliferation. We show that TTBK2 is highly expressed in proliferating GNPs under Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling, coinciding with active GNP proliferation and the presence of primary cilia. TTBK2 stabilizes primary cilia by inhibiting their disassembly, thereby promoting GNP proliferation in response to SHH. Mechanistically, we identify HUWE1 as a novel centrosomal E3 ligase that facilitates primary cilia disassembly by targeting TTBK2 degradation. Disassembly of primary cilia serves as a trigger for GNP differentiation, allowing their migration from the external granule layer (EGL) of the cerebellum to the internal granule layer (IGL) for subsequent maturation. Moreover, we have established a link between TTBK2 and SHH-type medulloblastoma (SHH-MB), a tumor characterized by uncontrolled GNP proliferation. TTBK2 depletion inhibits SHH-MB proliferation, indicating that TTBK2 may be a potential therapeutic target for this cancer type. In summary, our findings reveal the mechanism governing cerebellar development and highlight a potential anti-cancer strategy for SHH-MB."
5215,brain tumour,38879560,Development of an anti-tauopathy mucosal vaccine specifically targeting pathologic conformers.,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies are associated with pathological tau protein aggregation, which plays an important role in neurofibrillary degeneration and dementia. Targeted immunotherapy to eliminate pathological tau aggregates is known to improve cognitive deficits in AD animal models. The tau repeat domain (TauRD) plays a pivotal role in tau-microtubule interactions and is critically involved in the aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. Because TauRD forms the structural core of tau aggregates, the development of immunotherapies that selectively target TauRD-induced pathological aggregates holds great promise for the modulation of tauopathies. In this study, we generated recombinant TauRD polypeptide that form neurofibrillary tangle-like structures and evaluated TauRD-specific immune responses following intranasal immunization in combination with the mucosal adjuvant FlaB. In BALB/C mice, repeated immunizations at one-week intervals induced robust TauRD-specific antibody responses in a TLR5-dependent manner. Notably, the resulting antiserum recognized only the aggregated form of TauRD, while ignoring monomeric TauRD. The antiserum effectively inhibited TauRD filament formation and promoted the phagocytic degradation of TauRD aggregate fragments by microglia. The antiserum also specifically recognized pathological tau conformers in the human AD brain. Based on these results, we engineered a built-in flagellin-adjuvanted TauRD (FlaB-TauRD) vaccine and tested its efficacy in a P301S transgenic mouse model. Mucosal immunization with FlaB-TauRD improved quality of life, as indicated by the amelioration of memory deficits, and alleviated tauopathy progression. Notably, the survival of the vaccinated mice was dramatically extended. In conclusion, we developed a mucosal vaccine that exclusively targets pathological tau conformers and prevents disease progression."
5216,brain tumour,38879551,Chip collection of hepatocellular carcinoma based on O,"Hepatocellular carcinoma frequently recurs after surgery, necessitating personalized clinical approaches based on tumor avatar models. However, location-dependent oxygen concentrations resulting from the dual hepatic vascular supply drive the inherent heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, which presents challenges in developing an avatar model. In this study, tissue samples from 12 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma are cultured directly on a chip and separated based on preference of oxygen concentration. Establishing a dual gradient system with drug perfusion perpendicular to the oxygen gradient enables the simultaneous separation of cells and evaluation of drug responsiveness. The results are further cross-validated by implanting the chips into mice at various oxygen levels using a patient-derived xenograft model. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells exposed to hypoxia exhibit invasive and recurrent characteristics that mirror clinical outcomes. This chip provides valuable insights into treatment prognosis by identifying the dominant hepatocellular carcinoma type in each patient, potentially guiding personalized therapeutic interventions."
5217,brain tumour,38879516,Isorhapontigenin inhibition of basal muscle-invasive bladder cancer attributed to its downregulation of SNHG1 and DNMT3b.,"Bladder cancer (BC) is among the most prevalent malignant urothelial tumors globally, yet the prognosis for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) remains dismal, with a very poor 5-year survival rate. Consequently, identifying more effective and less toxic chemotherapeutic alternatives is critical for enhancing clinical outcomes for BC patients. Isorhapontigenin (ISO), a novel stilbene isolated from a Gnetum found in certain provinces of China, has shown potential as an anticancer agent due to its diverse anticancer activities. Despite its promising profile, the specific anticancer effects of ISO on BC and the underlying mechanisms are still largely unexplored."
5218,brain tumour,38879494,"Glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament light, matrix metalloprotease 3 and fatty acid binding protein 4 as non-invasive brain tumor biomarkers.","Gliomas are aggressive malignant tumors, with poor prognosis. There is an unmet need for the discovery of new, non-invasive biomarkers for differential diagnosis, prognosis, and management of brain tumors. Our objective is to validate four plasma biomarkers - glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light (NEFL), matrix metalloprotease 3 (MMP3) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) - and compare them with established brain tumor molecular markers and survival."
5219,brain tumour,38879476,,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer. The treatment of GBM consists of a combination of surgery and subsequent oncological therapy, i.e., radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or their combination. If postoperative oncological therapy involves irradiation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used for radiotherapy treatment planning. Unfortunately, in some cases, a very early worsening (progression) or return (recurrence) of the disease is observed several weeks after the surgery and is called rapid early progression (REP). Radiotherapy planning is currently based on MRI for target volumes definitions in many radiotherapy facilities. However, patients with REP may benefit from targeting radiotherapy with other imaging modalities. The purpose of the presented clinical trial is to evaluate the utility of "
5220,brain tumour,38879393,Updated Efficacy and Safety of Lorlatinib in a Phase 2 Study in Chinese Patients With Previously Treated Advanced ALK-Positive Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.,"Lorlatinib, a brain-penetrant, third-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor, demonstrated robust overall and intracranial antitumor activity in patients with advanced ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously treated with an ALK inhibitor in a global phase 1/2 study (NCT01970865) and a multicenter phase 2 study conducted in China (NCT03909971). We report updated 3-year follow-up data from the phase 2 study."
5221,brain tumour,38878972,TNF-α blockage prevents late neurological consequences of Zika virus infection in mice.,"Zika virus (ZIKV) is a neurotropic Orthoflavivirus that causes a myriad of neurological manifestations in newborns exposed in uterus. Despite the devastating consequences of ZIKV on the developing brain, strategies to prevent or treat the consequences of viral infection are not yet available. We previously showed that short-term treatment with the TNF-α neutralizing monoclonal antibody. Infliximab could prevent seizures at acute and chronic stages of ZIKV infection, but had no impact on long-term cognitive and motor dysfunction. Due to the central role of inflammation in ZIKV-neuropathology, we hypothesized that prolonged treatment with the anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody Infliximab could provide complete rescue of long-term behavioral deficits associated with neonatal ZIKV infection in mice. Here, neonatal (post-natal day 3) Swiss mice were submitted to subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of 10"
5222,brain tumour,38878918,Transfer of miR-877-3p via extracellular vesicles derived from dental pulp stem cells attenuates neuronal apoptosis and facilitates early neurological functional recovery after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through the Bclaf1/P53 signaling pathway.,"Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/RI) is one of the principal pathogenic factors in the poor prognosis of ischemic stroke, for which current therapeutic options to enhance neurological recovery are notably insufficient. Dental pulp stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (DPSC-EVs) have promising prospects in stroke treatment and the specific underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. The present study observed that DPSC-EVs ameliorated the degree of cerebral edema and infarct volume by reducing the apoptosis of neurons. Furthermore, the miRNA sequencing and functional enrichment analysis identified that miR-877-3p as a key component in DPSC-EVs, contributing to neuroprotection and anti-apoptotic effects. Following target prediction and dual-luciferase assay indicated that miR-877-3p interacted with Bcl-2-associated transcription factor (Bclaf1) to play a function. The miR-877-3p inhibitor or Bclaf1 overexpression reversed the neuroprotective effects of DPSC-EVs. The findings reveal a novel therapeutic pathway where miR-877-3p, transferred via DPSC-EVs, confers neuroprotection against cerebral I/RI, highlighting its potential in promoting neuronal survival and recovery post-ischemia."
5223,brain tumour,38878823,Postoperative Cognitive Decline in Patients Undergoing Major Gynecologic Oncology Surgery: A Pilot Prospective Study.,"Postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) is characterised by deficits in attention, memory, executive function, and information processing that persist beyond the early postoperative period. Its incidence ranges from 10%-25% after noncardiac surgery. Limited literature exists on POCD after gynecologic oncology surgery. Our primary objective was to identify the incidence of POCD among patients 55 years or older undergoing major gynecologic oncology surgery."
5224,brain tumour,38878665,Changes in the expression of cell interaction-related pathways during brain metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma: Gene expression and immunohistochemical analysis.,Brain metastasis (BM) is a prevalent prognostic event in the development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with a poor prognosis. Alterations in gene or protein expression during various phases of BM remain unclear.
5225,brain tumour,38878360,URCA: Uncertainty-based region clipping algorithm for semi-supervised medical image segmentation.,"Training convolutional neural networks based on large amount of labeled data has made great progress in the field of image segmentation. However, in medical image segmentation tasks, annotating the data is expensive and time-consuming because pixel-level annotation requires experts in the relevant field. Currently, the combination of consistent regularization and pseudo labeling-based semi-supervised methods has shown good performance in image segmentation. However, in the training process, a portion of low-confidence pseudo labels are generated by the model. And the semi-supervised segmentation method still has the problem of distribution bias between labeled and unlabeled data. The objective of this study is to address the challenges of semi-supervised learning and improve the segmentation accuracy of semi-supervised models on medical images."
5226,brain tumour,38878323,Activity of osimeRTInib in non-small-cell lung Cancer with UNcommon epidermal growth factor receptor mutations: retrospective Observational multicenter study (ARTICUNO).,"Osimertinib represents the standard of care for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring classical epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, constituting 80%-90% of all EGFR alterations. In the remaining cases, an assorted group of uncommon alterations of EGFR (uEGFR) can be detected, which confer variable sensitivity to previous generations of EGFR inhibitors, overall with lower therapeutic activity. Data on osimertinib in this setting are limited and strongly warranted."
5227,brain tumour,38877851,Extracranial metastasis from a frontal embryonal tumor to the parotid: Cytomorphologic features of a rare occurrence.,"Embryonal tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are rare and aggressive malignancies accounting for less than 1% of all central nervous system tumors. The occurrence of metastasis to extracranial sites, especially the parotid region, is highly uncommon. We present a rare case of metastatic frontal embryonal tumor (ET) in the parotid region. A 9-year-old boy presented with a progressively enlarging left parotid mass. Past history revealed that he was a known case of a frontal lobe embryonal tumor. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) combined with immunocytochemistry from the parotid revealed a metastatic embryonal tumor. This case report highlights the importance of considering metastatic tumors in evaluating parotid masses, even in pediatric patients, and emphasizes the diagnostic potential of FNAC in diagnosing such rare and unusual tumors for prompt and appropriate patient management."
5228,brain tumour,38877783,Alternative magnetic field exposure suppresses tumor growth via metabolic reprogramming.,"Application of physical forces, ranging from ultrasound to electric fields, is recommended in various clinical practice guidelines, including those for treating cancers and bone fractures. However, the mechanistic details of such treatments are often inadequately understood, primarily due to the absence of comprehensive study models. In this study, we demonstrate that an alternating magnetic field (AMF) inherently possesses a direct anti-cancer effect by enhancing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and thereby inducing metabolic reprogramming. We observed that the proliferation of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells (U87 and LN229) was inhibited upon exposure to AMF within a specific narrow frequency range, including around 227 kHz. In contrast, this exposure did not affect normal human astrocytes (NHA). Additionally, in mouse models implanted with human GBM cells in the brain, daily exposure to AMF for 30 min over 21 days significantly suppressed tumor growth and prolonged overall survival. This effect was associated with heightened reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increased manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) expression. The anti-cancer efficacy of AMF was diminished by either a mitochondrial complex IV inhibitor or a ROS scavenger. Along with these observations, there was a decrease in the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and an increase in the oxygen consumption rate (OCR). This suggests that AMF-induced metabolic reprogramming occurs in GBM cells but not in normal cells. Our results suggest that AMF exposure may offer a straightforward strategy to inhibit cancer cell growth by leveraging oxidative stress through metabolic reprogramming."
5229,brain tumour,38877600,A microdeletion event at 19q13.43 in IDH-mutant astrocytomas is strongly correlated with MYC overexpression.,"MYC dysregulation is pivotal in the onset and progression of IDH-mutant gliomas, mostly driven by copy-number alterations, regulatory element alterations, or epigenetic changes. Our pilot analysis uncovered instances of relative MYC overexpression without alterations in the proximal MYC network (PMN), prompting a deeper investigation into potential novel oncogenic mechanisms. Analysing comprehensive genomics profiles of 236 ""IDH-mutant 1p/19q non-co-deleted"" lower-grade gliomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we identified somatic genomic alterations within the PMN. In tumours without PMN-alterations but with MYC-overexpression, genes correlated with MYC-overexpression were identified. Our analyses yielded that 86/236 of astrocytomas exhibited no PMN-alterations, a subset of 21/86 displaying relative MYC overexpression. Within this subset, we discovered 42 genes inversely correlated with relative MYC expression, all on 19q. Further analysis pinpointed a minimal common region at 19q13.43, encompassing 15 genes. The inverse correlations of these 15 genes with relative MYC overexpression were re-confirmed using independent scRNAseq data. Further, the micro-deleted astrocytoma subset displayed significantly higher genomic instability compared to WT cases, but lower instability compared to PMN-hit cases. This newly identified 19q micro-deletion represents a potential novel mechanism underlying MYC dysregulation in astrocytomas. Given the prominence of 19q loss in IDH-mutant gliomas, our findings bear significant implications for understanding gliomagenesis."
5230,brain tumour,38877482,Basement membrane-associated gene expression as a predictor of survival in oral cancer.,This study sought to investigate the prognostic value of basement membrane (BM)-associated gene expressions in oral cancer.
5231,brain tumour,38877400,The molecular signature and prognosis of glioma with preoperative intratumoral hemorrhage: a retrospective cohort analysis.,"Intratumoral hemorrhage, though less common, could be the first clinical manifestation of glioma and is detectable via MRI; however, its exact impacts on patient outcomes remain unclear and controversial. The 2021 WHO CNS 5 classification emphasised genetic and molecular features, initiating the necessity to establish the correlation between hemorrhage and molecular alterations. This study aims to determine the prevalence of intratumoral hemorrhage in glioma subtypes and identify associated molecular and clinical characteristics to improve patient management."
5232,brain tumour,38877363,Pan-immune-inflammation value: a new prognostic index in operative laryngeal and pharyngeal carcinomas.,This study aimed to further evaluate the potential value of Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value (PIV) as a prognostic marker in patients with laryngeal and pharyngeal tumors.
5233,brain tumour,38877124,Molecular-targeted therapy for childhood low-grade glial and glioneuronal tumors.,"Since the discovery of the association between BRAF mutations and fusions in the development of childhood low-grade gliomas and the subsequent recognition that most childhood low-grade glial and glioneuronal tumors have aberrant signaling through the RAS/RAF/MAP kinase pathway, there has been a dramatic change in how these tumors are conceptualized. Many of the fusions and mutations present in these tumors are associated with molecular targets, which have agents in development or already in clinical use. Various agents, including MEK inhibitors, BRAF inhibitors, MTOR inhibitors and, in small subsets of patients NTRK inhibitors, have been used successfully to treat children with recurrent disease, after failure of conventional approaches such as surgery or chemotherapy. The relative benefits of chemotherapy as compared to molecular-targeted therapy for children with newly diagnosed gliomas and neuroglial tumors are under study. Already the combination of an MEK inhibitor and a BRAF inhibitor has been shown superior to conventional chemotherapy (carboplatin and vincristine) in newly diagnosed children with BRAF-V600E mutated low-grade gliomas and neuroglial tumors. However, the long-term effects of such molecular-targeted treatment are unknown. The potential use of molecular-targeted therapy in early treatment has made it mandatory that the molecular make-up of the majority of low-grade glial and glioneuronal tumors is known before initiation of therapy. The primary exception to this rule is in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 who, by definition, have NF1 loss; however, even in this population, gliomas arising in late childhood and adolescence or those not responding to conventional treatment may be candidates for biopsy, especially before entry on molecular-targeted therapy trials."
5234,brain tumour,38876805,Dose-Painting Proton Radiotherapy Guided by Functional MRI in Non-enhancing High-Grade Gliomas.,This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility and evaluate the dosimetric effect and clinical impact of dose-painting proton radiotherapy (PRT) guided by functional MRI in non-enhancing high-grade gliomas (NE-HGGs).
5235,brain tumour,38876751,Glioblastoma and brain connectivity: the need for a paradigm shift.,"Despite substantial advances in cancer treatment, for patients with glioblastoma prognosis remains bleak. The emerging field of cancer neuroscience reveals intricate functional interplays between glioblastoma and the cellular architecture of the brain, encompassing neurons, glia, and vessels. New findings underscore the role of structural and functional connections within hierarchical networks, known as the connectome. These connections contribute to the location, spread, and recurrence of a glioblastoma, and a patient's overall survival, revealing a complex interplay between the tumour and the CNS. This mounting evidence prompts a paradigm shift, challenging the perception of glioblastomas as mere foreign bodies within the brain. Instead, these tumours are intricately woven into the structural and functional fabric of the brain. This radical change in thinking holds profound implications for the understanding and treatment of glioblastomas, which could unveil new prognostic factors and surgical strategies and optimise radiotherapy. Additionally, a connectivity approach suggests that non-invasive brain stimulation could disrupt pathological neuron-glioma interactions within specific networks."
5236,brain tumour,38876732,Moving towards a connectomic view of neuro-oncology.,No abstract found
5237,brain tumour,38876383,NSUN4 mediated RNA 5-methylcytosine promotes the malignant progression of glioma through improving the CDC42 mRNA stabilization.,"5-Methylcytosine (m5C) methylation is a significant post-transcriptional modification that play a crucial role in the development and progression of numerous cancers. Whereas the functions and molecular mechanisms underlying m5C methylation in gliomas remain unclear. This study dedicated to explore changes of m5C levels and the clinical significance of the m5C writer NSUN4 in gliomas. We found that high m5C levels were negatively related to prognosis of patients with glioma. Moreover, gain- and loss-of-function experiments revealed the role of NSUN4 in enhancing m5C modification of mRNA to promote the malignant progression of glioma. Mechanistically speaking, NSUN4-mediated m5C alterations regulated ALYREF binding to CDC42 mRNA, thereby impacting the mRNA stability of CDC42. We also demonstrated that CDC42 promoted glioma proliferation, migration, and invasion by activating the PI3K-AKT pathway. Additionally, rescue experiments proved that CDC42 overexpression weaken the inhibitory effect of NSUN4 knockdown on the malignant progression of gliomas in vitro and in vivo. Our findings elucidated that NSUN4-mediated high m5C levels promote ALYREF binding to CDC42 mRNA and regulate its stability, thereby driving the malignant progression of glioma. This provides theoretical support for targeted the treatment of gliomas."
5238,brain tumour,38876190,A Predictive Model for Intraoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak During Endonasal Pituitary Adenoma Resection Using a Convolutional Neural Network.,Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak during endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery can lead to postoperative complications. The clinical and anatomic risk factors of intraoperative CSF leak are not well defined. We applied a two-dimensional (2D) convolutional neural network (CNN) machine learning model to identify risk factors from preoperative magnetic resonance imaging.
5239,brain tumour,38876188,A proteomic approach supports the clinical relevance of TAT-Cx43,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain cancer. The Src inhibitor, TAT-Cx43"
5240,brain tumour,38876048,The combination therapy using tyrosine kinase receptors inhibitors and repurposed drugs to target patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells.,"The lesson from many studies investigating the efficacy of targeted therapy in glioblastoma (GBM) showed that a future perspective should be focused on combining multiple target treatments. Our research aimed to assess the efficacy of drug combinations against glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Patient-derived cells U3042, U3009, and U3039 were obtained from the Human Glioblastoma Cell Culture resource. Additionally, the study was conducted on a GBM commercial U251 cell line. Gene expression analysis related to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), stem cell markers and genes associated with significant molecular targets was performed, and selected proteins encoded by these genes were assessed using the immunofluorescence and flow cytometry methods. The cytotoxicity studies were preceded by analyzing the expression of specific proteins that serve as targets for selected drugs. The cytotoxicity study using the MTS assay was conducted to evaluate the effects of selected drugs/candidates in monotherapy and combinations. The most cytotoxic compounds for U3042 cells were Disulfiram combined with Copper gluconate (DSF/Cu), Dacomitinib, and Foretinib with IC"
5241,brain tumour,38875999,"Identification of a ferroptosis-related prognostic signature and validation of ITGA6-AS1 in enhancing cell proliferation, migration and invasion in glioma.","Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the adult central nervous system. In this study, we aimed to identify a novel model for predicting glioma prognosis and a potential therapeutic target. Here, lncRNAs related to prognosis and ferroptosis were analyzed and screened through R software and online websites. A nomogram model was established and evaluated with calibration curve, receiver operating characteristic curve and decision curve analysis. Further, an enrichment analysis and immune infiltration analysis were performed. In addition, the expression level and biological function of ITGA6-AS1 were verified in vitro. We obtained a ferroptosis-related 7-lncRNA signature, and constructed a nomogram prognostic model with good predictability for 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival of glioma patients. The enrichment analysis indicated potential involvement of certain pathways and suggested a correlation between the high-risk group and infiltration of M2 macrophages and MDSCs. Furthermore, the expression level of ITGA6-AS1 in the U118, U87, and LN229 cells was upregulated compared to the H1800 cell. Interestingly, knockdown of ITGA6-AS1 may inhibit U118 cells' proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. while overexpression of ITGA6-AS1 in LN229 cells plays a promoting role. This study implies that the 7-lncRNA signature may contribute to the stratification of glioma prognosis, and the immune suppressive microenvironment may be associated with macrophage-ferroptosis crosstalk. Furthermore, ITGA6-AS1 may be a potential therapeutic target for patients with glioma."
5242,brain tumour,38875892,Status epilepticus management in patients with brain tumors. A cohort study.,"Status epilepticus (SE) represents a neurological emergency with significant morbidity and mortality. SE in patients with primary brain tumors received only limited attention to date; detailed analysis of treatment flow is lacking, especially as compared to other SE causes. This study aims to describe the frequency and treatment flow of tumor-related SE and compare it to other SE etiologies."
5243,brain tumour,38875521,Neural Progenitor Cell-Mediated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Photothermal Therapy of Glioma.,"Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor in the brain. The diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficiency of glioma are facing great challenges due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the high infiltration of glioma. There is an urgent need to explore the combination of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to achieve a more accurate diagnosis, as well as guidance before and after surgery. In this work, we induced human induction of pluripotent stem cell into neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and synthesized nanoprobes labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP, abbreviated as MFe"
5244,brain tumour,38875078,Brain Tumor Recurrence vs. Radiation Necrosis Classification and Patient Survivability Prediction.,"GB (Glioblastoma WHO Grade 4) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor in adults that has a short survival rate even after aggressive treatment with surgery and radiation therapy. The changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for patients with GB after radiotherapy are indicative of either radiation-induced necrosis (RN) or recurrent brain tumor (rBT). Screening for rBT and RN at an early stage is crucial for facilitating faster treatment and better outcomes for the patients. Differentiating rBT from RN is challenging as both may present with similar radiological and clinical characteristics on MRI. Moreover, learning-based rBT versus RN classification using MRI may suffer from class imbalance due to a lack of patient data. While synthetic data generation using generative models has shown promise to address class imbalances, the underlying data representation may be different in synthetic or augmented data. This study proposes computational modeling with statistically rigorous repeated random sub-sampling to balance the subset sample size for rBT and RN classification. The proposed pipeline includes multiresolution radiomic feature (MRF) extraction followed by feature selection with statistical significance testing (p<0.05). The five-fold cross validation results show the proposed model with MRF features classifies rBT from RN with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.892±0.055. Moreover, considering the dependence between survival time and censoring time (where patients are not followed up until death), the feasibility of using MRF radiomic features as a non-invasive biomarker to identify patients who are at higher risk of recurrence or radiation necrosis is demonstrated. The cross-validated results show that the MRF model provides the best overall survival prediction with an AUC of 0.77±0.032. Comparison with state-of-the-art methods suggest the proposed method is effective in RN versus rBT classification and patient survivability prediction."
5245,brain tumour,38874844,"Multi-pool chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI in glioma grading, molecular subtyping and evaluating tumor proliferation.","To evaluate the performance of multi-pool Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI in prediction of glioma grade, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation, alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) loss and Ki-67 labeling index (LI), based on the fifth edition of the World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors (WHO CNS5)."
5246,brain tumour,38874741,Vertebral fractures in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas - a new frontier?,No abstract found
5247,brain tumour,38874628,Whole genome sequencing in (recurrent) glioblastoma: challenges related to informed consent procedures and data sharing.,"Increased use of whole genome sequencing (WGS) in neuro-oncology for diagnostics and research purposes necessitates a renewed conversation about informed consent procedures and governance structures for sharing personal health data. There is currently no consensus on how to obtain informed consent for WGS in this population. In this narrative review, we analyze the formats and contents of frameworks suggested in literature for WGS in oncology and assess their benefits and limitations. We discuss applicability, specific challenges, and legal context for patients with (recurrent) glioblastoma. This population is characterized by the rarity of the disease, extremely limited prognosis, and the correlation of the stage of the disease with cognitive abilities. Since this has implications for the informed consent procedure for WGS, we suggest that the content of informed consent should be tailor-made for (recurrent) glioblastoma patients."
5248,brain tumour,38874556,Leveraging gold nanostars for precision laser interstitial thermal therapy.,No abstract found
5249,brain tumour,38874462,FH-mutant glioma displaying the epigenetic signature of IDH-mutant astrocytomas.,No abstract found
5250,brain tumour,38874333,"NRG-BN002: Phase I study of ipilimumab, nivolumab, and the combination in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.",Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have efficacy in several solid tumors but limited efficacy in glioblastoma (GBM). This study evaluated the safety of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 ICIs alone or in combination in newly diagnosed GBM after completion of standard radiochemotherapy with the subsequent intent to test combinatorial ICIs in this setting.
5251,brain tumour,38874304,Ischemic Stroke with Comorbid Cancer Has Specific miRNA-mRNA Networks in Blood That Vary by Ischemic Stroke Mechanism.,"Approximately half of ischemic strokes (IS) in cancer patients are cryptogenic, with many presumed cardioembolic. We evaluated whether there were specific miRNA and mRNA transcriptome architectures in peripheral blood of IS patients with and without comorbid cancer, and between cardioembolic versus noncardioembolic IS etiologies in comorbid cancer."
5252,brain tumour,38874255,Molecular Subgrouping Based on Immunohistochemistry in Medulloblastoma: A Single-Center Experience.,To investigate the efficacy of immunohistochemical methods to determine molecular subgroups and prognostic predictions of medulloblastomas (MBs).
5253,brain tumour,38874243,Single Step Resection-Reconstruction Using Precurved Titanium Mesh of a Giant Intradiploic Meningioma Mimicking Bone Malignancy: Technical Note.,"Intradiploic meningiomas are rare neoplasms, often mistaken for metastases or malignant bone tumors. Surgical management can be challenging, considering their diffusive bony invasion. Two main critical decisions need to be taken: the timing for cranial vault reconstruction and the choice of the adequate material for cranioplasty. We believe that this case underscores the complexity of such lesions, the importance of a prompt devascularization, and the pivotal role of an immediate reconstruction to avoid the additional morbidity of a re-do surgery. Here, we report a case of 68-year-old men who presented with slow growing right parietal bone swelling he noted many years before, but for which he didn't seek medical attentions, associated with mild contralateral hemiparesis. Neuroradiological examinations revealed a giant extradural intradiploic tumor affecting the right temporo-parietal bone and conditioning significant compression of the underlying brain. We planned a surgical strategy to deafferent the tumor and to reduce the intraoperative bleeding. At first, a circumferential craniectomy centered upon the lesion was performed, then it was devascularized by means of surgical ligation of the ipsilateral superficial temporal artery (STA) and middle meningeal artery (MMA); these steps allowed a subsequent en block tumor excision, despite its large size, without significant blood loss and respecting the oncological principles. At the end, a contextual calvarial reconstruction was performed using a precurved titanium mesh. The patient was discharged seven days after surgery with complete recovery of the left-sided motor deficit. Thereafter, he underwent scheduled outpatient evaluations and radiological examinations. At 1-year follow-up, the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) was 1, with no evidence of recurrent disease. To conclude, surgical complications can be reduced adopting an optimal preoperative work-up and a tailored surgical strategy focused on early tumor deafferentation. Moreover, an immediate cranial vault reconstruction avoids the risks related to a second procedure."
5254,brain tumour,38874241,Investigation of the Status of Immune Checkpoint Molecules in Meningiomas by Immunohistochemistry.,To investigate the status of immune checkpoint molecules (CTLA-4 and TIM-3) in meningiomas and thus contribute to the development of new personalized treatment strategies.
5255,brain tumour,38874235,Role of Histogram Features on Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Identifying Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Genotypes and Glioma Malignancies.,"To explore the use of histogram features on noninvasive arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differentiating isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant-type (IDH-mut) from isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type (IDH-wt) gliomas, and lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) from glioblastomas."
5256,brain tumour,38874227,,"Nanoparticles have emerged as promising theranostic tools for biomedical applications, notably in the treatment of cancers. However, to fully exploit their potential, a thorough understanding of their biodistribution is imperative. In this context, we prepared radioactive ["
5257,brain tumour,38874205,"The Networking Brain: How Extracellular Matrix, Cellular Networks, and Vasculature Shape the In Vivo Mechanical Properties of the Brain.","Mechanically, the brain is characterized by both solid and fluid properties. The resulting unique material behavior fosters proliferation, differentiation, and repair of cellular and vascular networks, and optimally protects them from damaging shear forces. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a noninvasive imaging technique that maps the mechanical properties of the brain in vivo. MRE studies have shown that abnormal processes such as neuronal degeneration, demyelination, inflammation, and vascular leakage lead to tissue softening. In contrast, neuronal proliferation, cellular network formation, and higher vascular pressure result in brain stiffening. In addition, brain viscosity has been reported to change with normal blood perfusion variability and brain maturation as well as disease conditions such as tumor invasion. In this article, the contributions of the neuronal, glial, extracellular, and vascular networks are discussed to the coarse-grained parameters determined by MRE. This reductionist multi-network model of brain mechanics helps to explain many MRE observations in terms of microanatomical changes and suggests that cerebral viscoelasticity is a suitable imaging marker for brain disease."
5258,brain tumour,38873961,Novel insights toward diagnosis and treatment of glioneuronal and neuronal tumors in young adults.,
5259,brain tumour,38873671,Selenoprotein GPX3 is a novel prognostic indicator for stomach adenocarcinoma and brain low-grade gliomas: Evidence from an integrative pan-cancer analysis.,The antioxidant enzyme 
5260,brain tumour,38873415,Pharmacological mTOR inhibitors in ameliorating Alzheimer's disease: current review and perspectives.,"Traditionally, pharmacological mammalian/mechanistic targets of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase inhibitors have been used during transplantation and tumor treatment. Emerging pre-clinical evidence from the last decade displayed the surprising effectiveness of mTOR inhibitors in ameliorating Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive function decline and memory loss. Research shows mTOR activation as an early event in AD development, and inhibiting mTOR may promote the resolution of many hallmarks of Alzheimer's. Aberrant protein aggregation, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and tau filaments, and cognitive defects, are reversed upon mTOR inhibition. A closer inspection of the evidence highlighted a temporal dependence and a hallmark-specific nature of such beneficial effects. Time of administration relative to disease progression, and a maintenance of a functional lysosomal system, could modulate its effectiveness. Moreover, mTOR inhibition also exerts distinct effects between neurons, glial cells, and endothelial cells. Different pharmacological properties of the inhibitors also produce different effects based on different blood-brain barrier (BBB) entry capacities and mTOR inhibition sites. This questions the effectiveness of mTOR inhibition as a viable AD intervention strategy. In this review, we first summarize the different mTOR inhibitors available and their characteristics. We then comprehensively update and discuss the pre-clinical results of mTOR inhibition to resolve many of the hallmarks of AD. Key pathologies discussed include Aβ deposition, tauopathies, aberrant neuroinflammation, and neurovascular system breakdowns."
5261,brain tumour,38872838,Neuroprotective effect of triptolide on neuronal inflammation in rats with mild brain injury.,"Concussions sustained while playing sports are a prominent cause of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), which is prevalent among teenagers. The early and intermediate stages of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can be characterized by inflammation, neurodegeneration, and brain tissue edema, which can lead to permanent brain damage. The present study investigated the therapeutic effects of triptolide in mTBI and brain damage recovery. After building mTBI model in male rat, triptolide administrated daily for 1 week in the treated group. On day 3 and day 7 of administration, hippocampus tissues were collected to evaluate inflammation and autophagy in the brain. The expressions of inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in serum were downregulated, while IL-10 expression was upregulated when compared with the mTBI group on day 3 and day 7. The expression of IL-10 on day 7 was higher than on day 3. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of inflammatory-related factors (i.e., "
5262,brain tumour,38872823,Role of inflammatory cytokine in mediating the effect of plasma lipidome on epilepsy: a mediation Mendelian randomization study.,"Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent serious brain disorders globally, impacting over 70 million individuals. Observational studies have increasingly recognized the impact of plasma lipidome on epilepsy. However, establishing a direct causal link between plasma lipidome and epilepsy remains elusive due to inherent confounders and the complexities of reverse causality. This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between specific plasma lipidome and epilepsy, along with their intermediary mediators."
5263,brain tumour,38872820,Technique notes on the management of superior sagittal or transverse sinus during the falcotentorial meningioma surgery: a case report.,"Falcotentorial meningiomas (FM) are surgical challenges for protecting sinus, and the technique notes on the management of superior sagittal or transverse sinus are required for good results."
5264,brain tumour,38872623,Identification and validation of a novel Parkinson-Glioma feature gene signature in glioma and Parkinson's disease.,"The prognosis for glioma is generally poor, and the 5-year survival rate for patients with this disease has not shown significant improvement over the past few decades. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent movement disorder, ranking as the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. Although Parkinson's disease and glioma are distinct diseases, they may share certain underlying biological pathways that contribute to their development."
5265,brain tumour,38872553,"Retraction notice to ""Kinesin family member 15 can promote the proliferation of glioblastoma"" [",No abstract found
5266,brain tumour,38872535,"Deep CNNs for glioma grading on conventional MRIs: Performance analysis, challenges, and future directions.","The increasing global incidence of glioma tumors has raised significant healthcare concerns due to their high mortality rates. Traditionally, tumor diagnosis relies on visual analysis of medical imaging and invasive biopsies for precise grading. As an alternative, computer-assisted methods, particularly deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs), have gained traction. This research paper explores the recent advancements in DCNNs for glioma grading using brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs) from 2015 to 2023. The study evaluated various DCNN architectures and their performance, revealing remarkable results with models such as hybrid and ensemble based DCNNs achieving accuracy levels of up to 98.91%. However, challenges persisted in the form of limited datasets, lack of external validation, and variations in grading formulations across diverse literature sources. Addressing these challenges through expanding datasets, conducting external validation, and standardizing grading formulations can enhance the performance and reliability of DCNNs in glioma grading, thereby advancing brain tumor classification and extending its applications to other neurological disorders."
5267,brain tumour,38872364,Fertility preservation in male adolescents with cancer (2011-2020): A retrospective study in China.,"According to the studies, more than 80% of pediatric patients with cancer can achieve a survival rate greater than 5 years; however, long-term chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy may seriously affect their reproductive ability. Fertility preservation in adolescents with cancer in China was initiated late, and related research is lacking. Analyze data to understand the current situation and implement measures to improve current practices."
5268,brain tumour,38872263,Self-Assembled Aza-Boron-Dipyrromethene-Based H,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal subtype of gliomas of the central nervous system. The efficacy of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) against GBM is significantly reduced by the expression of apoptosis-inhibitory proteins in GBM cells. In this study, an intelligent nanoplatform (denoted as Aza-BD@PC NPs) based on the aza-boron-dipyrromethene dye and phenyl chlorothionocarbonate-modified DSPE-PEG molecules is developed for synergistic ferroptosis-enabled gas therapy (GT) and SDT of GBM. Once internalized by GBM cells, Aza-BD@PC NPs showed effective cysteine (Cys) consumption and Cys-triggered hydrogen sulfide (H"
5269,brain tumour,38872124,Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter with compound heterozygous EIF2B3 gene variants.,"Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter (VWM) is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting the white matter of the brain. It typically manifests during childhood, with clinical features including sudden and severe neurological deterioration triggered by stressors such as febrile illness, minor head trauma, or stressful events. Adult-onset cases of VWM are exceptionally uncommon."
5270,brain tumour,38871881,The path to leptomeningeal metastasis.,"The leptomeninges, the cerebrospinal-fluid-filled tissues surrounding the central nervous system, play host to various pathologies including infection, neuroinflammation and malignancy. Spread of systemic cancer into this space, termed leptomeningeal metastasis, occurs in 5-10% of patients with solid tumours and portends a bleak clinical prognosis. Previous, predominantly descriptive, clinical studies have provided few insights. Recent development of preclinical leptomeningeal metastasis models, alongside genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic sequencing efforts, has provided groundwork for mechanistic understanding and identification of long-needed therapeutic targets. Although previously understood as an anatomically isolated compartment, the leptomeninges are increasingly appreciated as a major conduit of communication between the systemic circulation and the central nervous system. Despite the unique nature of the leptomeningeal microenvironment, the general principles of metastasis hold true: cells metastasizing to the leptomeninges must gain access to the new environment, survive within the space and evade the immune system. The study of leptomeningeal metastasis has the potential to uncover novel site-specific metastatic principles and illuminate the physiology of the leptomeningeal space. In this Review, we provide a biology-focused overview of how metastatic cells reach the leptomeninges, thrive in this nutritionally sparse environment and evade the detection of the omnipresent immune system."
5271,brain tumour,38871860,Frontal trans opercular approaches to the insula: building the mental picture from procedure-guided anatomical dissection.,"Performing transopercular frontal approaches to the insula, widely used in glioma surgeries, necessitates a meticulous understanding of both cortical and subcortical neuroanatomy. This precision is vital for preserving essential structures and accurately interpreting the results of direct electrical stimulation. Nevertheless, acquiring a compelling mental image of the anatomy of this region can be challenging due to several factors, among which stand out its complexity and the fact that white matter fasciculi are imperceptible to the naked eye in the living brain."
5272,brain tumour,38871858,Lower ratio of IMPDH1 to IMPDH2 sensitizes gliomas to chemotherapy.,"Gliomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system, with approximately half of patients presenting with the most aggressive form of glioblastoma. Although several molecular markers for glioma have been identified, they are not sufficient to predict the prognosis due to the extensive genetic heterogeneity within glioma. Our study reveals that the ratio of IMPDH1 to IMPDH2 expression levels serves as a molecular indicator for glioma treatment prognosis. Patients with a higher IMPDH1/IMPDH2 ratio exhibit a worse prognosis, while those with a lower ratio display a more favorable prognosis. We further demonstrate that IMPDH1 plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular GTP/GDP levels following DNA damage compared to IMPDH2. In the absence of IMPDH1, cells experience an imbalance in the GTP/GDP ratio, impairing DNA damage repair capabilities and rendering them more sensitive to TMZ. This study not only introduces a novel prognostic indicator for glioma clinical diagnosis but also offers innovative insights for precise and stratified glioma treatment."
5273,brain tumour,38871755,Predicting histological grade in pediatric glioma using multiparametric radiomics and conventional MRI features.,"Prediction of glioma is crucial to provide a precise treatment plan to optimize the prognosis of children with glioma. However, studies on the grading of pediatric gliomas using radiomics are limited. Meanwhile, existing methods are mainly based on only radiomics features, ignoring intuitive information about tumor morphology on traditional imaging features. This study aims to utilize multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify high-grade and low-grade gliomas in children and establish a classification model based on radiomics features and clinical features. A total of 85 children with gliomas underwent tumor resection, and part of the tumor tissue was examined pathologically. Patients were categorized into high-grade and low-grade groups according to World Health Organization guidelines. Preoperative multiparametric MRI data, including contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging, T2-weighted imaging, T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, diffusion-weighted images, and apparent diffusion coefficient sequences, were obtained and labeled by two radiologists. The images were preprocessed, and radiomics features were extracted for each MRI sequence. Feature selection methods were used to select radiomics features, and statistically significant clinical features were identified using t-tests. The selected radiomics features and conventional MRI features were used to train the AutoGluon models. The improved model, based on radiomics features and conventional MRI features, achieved a balanced classification accuracy of 66.59%. The cross-validated areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the classifier of AutoGluon frame were 0.8071 on the test dataset. The results indicate that the performance of AutoGluon models can be improved by incorporating conventional MRI features, highlighting the importance of the experience of radiologists in accurately grading pediatric gliomas. This method can help predict the grade of pediatric glioma before pathological examination and assist in determining the appropriate treatment plan, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, drugs, and gene surgery."
5274,brain tumour,38871731,Antipsychotics possess anti-glioblastoma activity by disrupting lysosomal function and inhibiting oncogenic signaling by stabilizing PTEN.,"The repurposing of medications developed for central nervous system (CNS) disorders, possessing favorable safety profiles and blood-brain barrier permeability, represents a promising strategy for identifying new therapies to combat glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we investigated the anti-GBM activity of specific antipsychotics and antidepressants in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that these compounds share a common mechanism of action in GBM, disrupting lysosomal function and subsequently inducing lysosomal membrane rupture and cell death. Notably, PTEN intact GBMs possess an increased sensitivity to these compounds. The inhibition of lysosomal function synergized with inhibitors targeting the EGFR-PI3K-Akt pathway, leading to an energetic and antioxidant collapse. These findings provide a foundation for the potential clinical application of CNS drugs in GBM treatment. Additionally, this work offers critical insights into the mechanisms and determinants of cytotoxicity for drugs currently undergoing clinical trials as repurposing agents for various cancers, including Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Thioridazine, Chlorpromazine, and Fluphenazine."
5275,brain tumour,38871555,Genetic variation near GRB10 associated with bone growth and osteosarcoma risk in canine and human populations.,"Canine and human osteosarcoma are similar in clinical presentation and tumor genomics. Giant breed dogs experience elevated osteosarcoma incidence, and taller stature remains a consistent risk factor for human osteosarcoma. Whether evolutionarily conserved genes contribute to both human and canine osteosarcoma predisposition merits evaluation."
5276,brain tumour,38871374,The Differentiation between Progressive Disease and Treatment-Induced Effects with Perfusion-Weighted Arterial Spin-Labeling in High-Grade Gliomas.,"Treatment-induced effects are difficult to differentiate from progressive disease in radiologically progressing diffuse gliomas after treatment. This retrospective, single-center cohort study investigated the diagnostic value of arterial spin-labeling perfusion in differentiating progressive disease from treatment-induced effects in irradiated patients with a high-grade glioma."
5277,brain tumour,38871368,Distinguishing Pituitary Metastasis and Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors through Conventional MR Imaging and Clinical Features.,"Given their overlapping features, pituitary metastases frequently imitate pituitary neuroendocrine tumors in neuroimaging studies. This study aimed to distinguish pituitary metastases from pituitary neuroendocrine tumors on the basis of conventional MR imaging and clinical features as a practical approach."
5278,brain tumour,38871245,YTHDF1 promotes the osteolytic bone metastasis of breast cancer via inducing EZH2 and CDH11 translation.,"Bone metastasis is common in breast cancer and more effective therapies are required, however, its molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Additionally, the role of the m"
5279,brain tumour,38870996,The first investigation of the dosimetric perturbations from the spot position errors in spot-scanning arc therapy (SPArc).,
5280,brain tumour,38870993,"The role of pore size and mechanical properties on the accumulation, retention and distribution of F98 glioblastoma cells in macroporous hydrogels.","Glioblastoma (GBM) accounts for half of all central nervous system tumors. Once the tumor is removed, many GBM cells remain present near the surgical cavity and infiltrate the brain up to a distance of 20-30 mm, resulting in recurrence a few months later. GBM remains incurable due to the limited efficiency of current treatments, a result of the blood-brain barrier and sensitivity of healthy brain tissues to chemotherapy and radiation. A new therapeutic paradigm under development to treat GBM is to attract and accumulate GBM cells in a cancer cell trap inserted in the surgical cavity after tumor resection. In this work, porous gels were prepared using porous polylactide molds obtained from melt-processed co-continuous polymer blends of polystyrene and polylactide, with an average pore size ranging from 5 μm to over 500 μm. In order to efficiently accumulate and retain GBM brain cancer cells within a macroporous sodium alginate-based hydrogel trap, the pores must have an average diameter superior to 100 μm, with the best results obtained at 225 μm. In that case, the accumulation and retention of F98 GBM cells were more homogeneous, especially when functionalized with RGD adhesion peptides. At an alginate concentration of 1% w/v, the compression modulus reaches 15 kPa, close to the average value of 1-2 kPa reported for brain tissues, while adhesion and retention were also superior compared to 2% w/v gels. Overall, 1% w/v gels with 225 μm pores functionalized with the RGD peptide display the best performances."
5281,brain tumour,38870867,The incidence and predictive factors of secondary epilepsy in patients with supratentorial brain metastases (st-BMs) after stereotactic radiosurgery: A multicenter retrospective study.,"To evaluate the incidence and the independent risk factors of SRS-related epilepsy in patients with supratentorial brain metastases (st-BMs), providing evidences for prevention or reduction secondary epilepsy after SRS."
5282,brain tumour,38870580,"Response to the letter to the editor regarding ""Mobile phone use and brain tumour risk - COSMOS, a prospective cohort study"".",No abstract found
5283,brain tumour,38869908,Valid Analysis of Brain-Specific Progression-Free Survival.,No abstract found
5284,brain tumour,38869884,Metabolic profiling of glioblastoma stem cells reveals pyruvate carboxylase as a critical survival factor and potential therapeutic target.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive tumor with unmet therapeutic needs, which can be explained by extensive intra-tumoral heterogeneity and plasticity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the specific metabolic features of Glioblastoma stem cells (GSC), a rare tumor subpopulation involved in tumor growth and therapy resistance."
5285,brain tumour,38869876,Valid Analysis of Brain-Specific Progression-Free Survival-Reply.,No abstract found
5286,brain tumour,38869861,Valid Analysis of Brain-Specific Progression-Free Survival.,No abstract found
5287,brain tumour,38869684,Aurora Kinase A inhibition enhances DNA damage and tumor cell death with ,Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial pediatric solid tumor. 
5288,brain tumour,38869654,[Clinically active pituitary tumors].,"The widespread use of diagnostic imaging has led to an increase in the incidence of pituitary tumors. The majority of incidentalomas are hormone-inactive (HI) pituitary microadenomas. The most common clinically relevant pituitary adenomas are prolactin-secreting, followed by HI, and far less common are growth hormone (GH)-, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)- and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-secreting adenomas. Pituitary adenomas are usually benign, although aggressive growth and invasion occurs in individual cases. Very rarely, they give rise to metastases and are then termed pituitary carcinomas. All pituitary tumors require endocrine testing for pituitary hormone excess. In addition to the medical history and clinical examination, laboratory diagnostics are very important. Symptoms such as irregular menstruation, loss of libido or galactorrhea often lead to the timely diagnosis of prolactinomas, and hyperprolactinemia can easily confirm the diagnosis (considering the differential diagnoses). Diagnosis is more difficult for all other hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas (acromegaly, Cushing's disease, TSHoma), as the symptoms are often non-specific (i.e., headaches, weight gain, fatigue, joint pain). Furthermore, comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and depression are such widespread diseases that pituitary adenomas are rarely considered as the underlying cause. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment have a significant impact on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. Therefore, the role of primary care physicians is very important for achieving an early diagnosis. In addition, patients with pituitary adenomas should always be referred to endocrinologists to ensure optimal diagnosis as well as treatment."
5289,brain tumour,38869565,Magnet-Guided Temozolomide and Ferucarbotran Loaded Nanoparticles to Enhance Therapeutic Efficacy in Glioma Model.,
5290,brain tumour,38869495,Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Resection of Pituitary Adenomas in Patients Presenting With Monocular Blindness.,"Suprasellar tumors, particularly pituitary adenomas (PAs), commonly present with visual decline, and the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETA) is the primary management for optic apparatus decompression. Patients presenting with complete preoperative monocular blindness comprise a high-risk subgroup, given concern for complete blindness. This retrospective cohort study evaluates outcomes after EETA for patients with PA presenting with monocular blindness."
5291,brain tumour,38869346,Clinical Images in Emergency Medicine: Cushing's Disease.,"A 22-year-old female presented to the emergency department with a two-month history of worsening fatigue, unintentional weight gain, and progressive facial swelling. Physical examination findings included hirsutism, moon facies, and abdominal striae. Subsequent brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of a 2.4-centimeter pituitary macroadenoma, confirming the diagnosis of Cushing's disease. The patient was then admitted for neurosurgical tumor resection."
5292,brain tumour,38869276,Short-chain fatty acids abrogate Japanese encephalitis virus-induced inflammation in microglial cells via miR-200a-3p/ZBTB20/IKβα axis.,"Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a leading cause of viral encephalitis in humans. Survivors of this infection often develop lifelong neurological sequelae. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced in the gut are vital mediators of the gut-brain axis. We aimed to study microRNA-based mechanisms of SCFAs in an "
5293,brain tumour,38868954,Competitive Risk Analysis of Prognosis in Older Adults with Sigmoid Colon Adenocarcinoma: A Population-Based Study.,"The purpose of this study is to employ a competing risk model based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify prognostic factors for elderly individuals with sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma (SCA) and compare them with the classic Cox proportional hazards model."
5294,brain tumour,38868775,Editorial: Spatiotemporal heterogeneity in CNS tumors.,No abstract found
5295,brain tumour,38868600,Unveiling the natural history of paralysis in metastatic cervical spinal tumor: An experimental study.,"Despite the relatively low prevalence of metastatic cervical spinal tumor, these entities give rise to more profound complications than thoracic and lumbar spinal tumor. However, it is regrettable that experimental investigation has thus far shown a dearth of attention to metastatic cervical spinal tumor."
5296,brain tumour,38868118,Radiotherapeutic outcomes of Rosai-Dorfman disease with falx cerebri and superior sagittal sinus involvement: A rare case report with long-term follow-up.,"Intracranial RDD is rare medical event mimicking different diagnoses. Although the surgical resection is the best treatment option, but radiation therapy can also achieves long-term suboptimal outcomes."
5297,brain tumour,38867932,Immune-related interaction perturbation networks unravel biological peculiars and clinical significance of glioblastoma.,"The immune system is an interacting network of plentiful molecules that could better characterize the relationship between immunity and cancer. This study aims to investigate the behavioral patterns of immune-related interaction perturbation networks in glioblastoma. An immune-related interaction-perturbation framework was introduced to characterize four heterogeneous subtypes using RNA-seq data of TCGA/CGGA glioblastoma tissues and GTEx normal brain tissues. The stability and robustness of the four subtypes were validated in public datasets and our in-house cohort. In the four subtypes, C1 was an inflammatory subtype with high immune infiltration, low tumor purity, and potential response to immunotherapy; C2, an invasive subtype, was featured with dismal prognosis, telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations, moderate levels of immunity, and stromal constituents, as well as sensitivity to receptor tyrosine kinase signaling inhibitors; C3 was a proliferative subtype with high tumor purity, immune-desert microenvironment, sensitivity to phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase signaling inhibitor and DNA replication inhibitors, and potential resistance to immunotherapy; C4, a synaptogenesis subtype with the best prognosis, exhibited high synaptogenesis-related gene expression, prevalent isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations, and potential sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Overall, this study provided an attractive platform from the perspective of immune-related interaction perturbation networks, which might advance the tailored management of glioblastoma."
5298,brain tumour,38867684,Hemorrhagic adenoma mimicking anterior communicating artery aneurysm.,Adenoma hemorrágico que imita a un aneurisma de la arteria comunicante anterior.
5299,brain tumour,38867617,Incidence and risk factors of post-operative delirium in glioma patients: A prospective cohort study in general wards.,"Glioma patients are at high risk for postoperative delirium (POD), yet studies focusing on this population in general neurosurgical ward settings are limited. This paper investigates the incidence of POD and related risk factors in glioma patients hospitalized in general wards."
5300,brain tumour,38867396,Sonosynthetic Cyanobacteria Oxygenation for Self-Enhanced Tumor-Specific Treatment.,"Photosynthesis, essential for life on earth, sustains diverse processes by providing nutrition in plants and microorganisms. Especially, photosynthesis is increasingly applied in disease treatments, but its efficacy is substantially limited by the well-known low penetration depth of external light. Here, ultrasound-mediated photosynthesis is reported for enhanced sonodynamic tumor therapy using organic sonoafterglow (ultrasound-induced afterglow) nanoparticles combined with cyanobacteria, demonstrating the proof-of-concept sonosynthesis (sonoafterglow-induced photosynthesis) in cancer therapy. Chlorin e6, a typical small-molecule chlorine, is formulated into nanoparticles to stimulate cyanobacteria for sonosynthesis, which serves three roles, i.e., overcoming the tissue-penetration limitations of external light sources, reducing hypoxia, and acting as a sonosensitizer for in vivo tumor suppression. Furthermore, sonosynthetic oxygenation suppresses the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, leading to reduced stability of downstream SLC7A11 mRNA, which results in glutathione depletion and inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4, thereby inducing ferroptosis of cancer cells. This study not only broadens the scope of microbial nanomedicine but also offers a distinct direction for sonosynthesis."
5301,brain tumour,38867357,Rapid Glutathione Analysis with SERS Microneedles for Deep Glioblastoma Tissue Differentiation.,"Rapid tissue differentiation at the molecular level is a prerequisite for precise surgical resection, which is of special value for the treatment of malignant tumors, such as glioblastoma (GBM). Herein, a SERS-active microneedle is prepared by modifying glutathione (GSH)-responsive molecules, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), on the surface of Au@Ag substrates for the distinction of different GBM tissues. Since the Raman signals on the surface of the DTNB@Au@Ag microneedle can be collected by both portable and benchtop Raman spectrometers, the distribution of GSH in different tissues at centimeter scale can be displayed through Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging, and the entire analysis process can be accomplished within 12 min. Accordingly, in vivo brain tissues of orthotopic GBM xenograft mice and ex vivo tissues of GBM patients are accurately differentiated with the microneedle, and the results are well consistent with tissue staining and postoperative pathological reports. In addition, the outline of tumor, peritumoral, and normal tissues can be indicated by the DTNB@Au@Ag microneedle for at least 56 days. Considering that the tumor tissues are quickly discriminated at the molecular level without the restriction of depth, the DTNB@Au@Ag microneedle is promising to be a powerful intraoperative diagnostic tool for surgery navigation."
5302,brain tumour,38867333,Comprehensive multiomics analysis reveals distinct differences between pediatric choroid plexus papilloma and carcinoma.,"Choroid plexus tumors (CPTs) are intraventricular tumors derived from the choroid plexus epithelium and occur frequently in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the genomic and epigenomic characteristics of CPT and identify the differences between choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) and choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC). We conducted multiomics analyses of 20 CPT patients including CPP and CPC. Multiomics analysis included whole-genome sequencing, whole-transcriptome sequencing, and methylation sequencing. Mutually exclusive TP53 and EPHA7 point mutations, coupled with the amplification of chromosome 1, were exclusively identified in CPC. In contrast, amplification of chromosome 9 was specific to CPP. Differential gene expression analysis uncovered a significant overexpression of genes related to cell cycle regulation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathways in CPC compared to CPP. Overexpression of genes associated with tumor metastasis and progression was observed in the CPC subgroup with leptomeningeal dissemination. Furthermore, methylation profiling unveiled hypomethylation in major repeat regions, including long interspersed nuclear elements, short interspersed nuclear elements, long terminal repeats, and retrotransposons in CPC compared to CPP, implying that the loss of epigenetic silencing of transposable elements may play a role in tumorigenesis of CPC. Finally, the differential expression of AK1, regulated by both genomic and epigenomic factors, emerged as a potential contributing factor to the histological difference of CPP against CPC. Our results suggest pronounced genomic and epigenomic disparities between CPP and CPC, providing insights into the pathogenesis of CPT at the molecular level."
5303,brain tumour,38867189,APOE2 protects against Aβ pathology by improving neuronal mitochondrial function through ERRα signaling.,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes (APOE2, APOE3, and APOE4) show different AD susceptibility. Previous studies indicated that individuals carrying the APOE2 allele reduce the risk of developing AD, which may be attributed to the potential neuroprotective role of APOE2. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of APOE2 is still unclear."
5304,brain tumour,38867045,DNA mismatch and damage patterns revealed by single-molecule sequencing.,"Mutations accumulate in the genome of every cell of the body throughout life, causing cancer and other diseases"
5305,brain tumour,38867042,Strand-resolved mutagenicity of DNA damage and repair.,DNA base damage is a major source of oncogenic mutations
5306,brain tumour,38866998,Publisher Correction: A prospective multicenter assessor blinded pilot study using confocal laser endomicroscopy for intraoperative brain tumor diagnosis.,No abstract found
5307,brain tumour,38866867,REST-dependent downregulation of von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor promotes autophagy in SHH-medulloblastoma.,"The RE1 silencing transcription factor (REST) is a driver of sonic hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma genesis. Our previous studies showed that REST enhances cell proliferation, metastasis and vascular growth and blocks neuronal differentiation to drive progression of SHH medulloblastoma tumors. Here, we demonstrate that REST promotes autophagy, a pathway that is found to be significantly enriched in human medulloblastoma tumors relative to normal cerebella. In SHH medulloblastoma tumor xenografts, REST elevation is strongly correlated with increased expression of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α)-a positive regulator of autophagy, and with reduced expression of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor protein - a component of an E3 ligase complex that ubiquitinates HIF1α. Human SHH-medulloblastoma tumors with higher REST expression exhibit nuclear localization of HIF1α, in contrast to its cytoplasmic localization in low-REST tumors. In vitro, REST knockdown promotes an increase in VHL levels and a decrease in cytoplasmic HIF1α protein levels, and autophagy flux. In contrast, REST elevation causes a decline in VHL levels, as well as its interaction with HIF1α, resulting in a reduction in HIF1α ubiquitination and an increase in autophagy flux. These data suggest that REST elevation promotes autophagy in SHH medulloblastoma cells by modulating HIF1α ubiquitination and stability in a VHL-dependent manner. Thus, our study is one of the first to connect VHL to REST-dependent control of autophagy in a subset of medulloblastomas."
5308,brain tumour,38866807,CircZNF609 and circNFIX as possible regulators of glioblastoma pathogenesis via miR-145-5p/EGFR axis.,"Glioblastoma is a rare and deadly malignancy with a low survival rate. Emerging evidence has shown that aberrantly expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a critical role in the initiation and progression of GBM tumorigenesis. The oncogenic function of circZNF609 and circNFIX is involved in several types of cancer, but the role and underlying mechanism of these circRNAs in glioblastoma remain unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that circZNF609 and circNFIX may regulate EGFR through sponging miR-145-5p. Herein, we assessed the expression levels of circZNF609, circNFIX, miR-145-5p, and EGFR using quantitative polymerase chain reaction in glioblastoma patients and normal brain samples. The results showed that circZNF609, circNFIX, and EGFR expression levels were upregulated and miR145-5p was downregulated (p = 0.001, 0.06, 0.002, and 0.0065, respectively), while there was no significant association between clinicopathological features of the patients and the level of these genes expression. We also found a significant inverse correlation between miR145-5p and the expression of cZNF609, cNFIX and EGFR (p = 0.0003, 0.0006, and 0.009, respectively). These findings may open a new window for researchers to better understand the potential pathways involved in GBM pathogenesis. In conclusion, it may provide a new potential pathway for the development of effective drugs for the treatment of GBM patients."
5309,brain tumour,38866781,descSPIM: an affordable and easy-to-build light-sheet microscope optimized for tissue clearing techniques.,"Despite widespread adoption of tissue clearing techniques in recent years, poor access to suitable light-sheet fluorescence microscopes remains a major obstacle for biomedical end-users. Here, we present descSPIM (desktop-equipped SPIM for cleared specimens), a low-cost ($20,000-50,000), low-expertise (one-day installation by a non-expert), yet practical do-it-yourself light-sheet microscope as a solution for this bottleneck. Even the most fundamental configuration of descSPIM enables multi-color imaging of whole mouse brains and a cancer cell line-derived xenograft tumor mass for the visualization of neurocircuitry, assessment of drug distribution, and pathological examination by false-colored hematoxylin and eosin staining in a three-dimensional manner. Academically open-sourced ( https://github.com/dbsb-juntendo/descSPIM ), descSPIM allows routine three-dimensional imaging of cleared samples in minutes. Thus, the dissemination of descSPIM will accelerate biomedical discoveries driven by tissue clearing technologies."
5310,brain tumour,38866650,Artificial intelligence solution to accelerate the acquisition of MRI images: Impact on the therapeutic care in oncology in radiology and radiotherapy departments.,"MRI is essential in the management of brain tumours. However, long waiting times reduce patient accessibility. Reducing acquisition time could improve access but at the cost of spatial resolution and diagnostic quality. A commercially available artificial intelligence (AI) solution, SubtleMR™, can increase the resolution of acquired images. The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the impact of this algorithm that halves the acquisition time on the detectability of brain lesions in radiology and radiotherapy."
5311,brain tumour,38866398,"Editorial for ""2D ",No abstract found
5312,brain tumour,38866373,Activation of pyramidal neurons in the infralimbic cortex alleviates LPS-induced depressive-like behavior in mice.,"The infralimbic (IL) cortex dysfunction has been implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD), yet the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of layer V pyramidal neurons in a mouse model of MDD induced by repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. Our results demonstrate that three days of systemic LPS administration induced depressive-like behavior and upregulated mRNA levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the IL cortex. Electrophysiological recordings revealed a significant decrease in the intrinsic excitability of layer V pyramidal neurons in the IL following systemic LPS exposure. Importantly, chemogenetic activation of IL pyramidal neurons ameliorated LPS-induced depressive-like behavior. Additionally, LPS administration significantly increased microglial activity in the IL, as evidenced by a greater number of Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (IBA-1)-positive cells. Morphometric analysis further unveiled enlarged soma, decreased branch numbers, and shorter branch lengths of microglial cells in the IL cortex following LPS exposure. Moreover, the activation of pyramidal neurons by clozapine-N-oxide increased the microglia branch length but did not change branch number or cytosolic area. These results collectively suggest that targeted activation of pyramidal neurons in the IL cortex mitigates microglial response and ameliorates depressive-like behaviors induced by systemic LPS administration. Therefore, our findings offer potential therapeutic targets for the development of interventions aimed at alleviating depressive symptoms by modulating IL cortical circuitry and microglial activity."
5313,brain tumour,38866359,Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) Differentiates Retinoblastoma from Coats Disease on MRI.,"Coats' disease can be difficult to differentiate from retinoblastoma. While MR imaging of retinoblastoma and Coats' disease have been examined for differentiating features such as eye size, vitreous seeding, and shape of retinal detachment, there is a lack of data on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). ADC is a measure of the diffusion (of water molecules) within tissue, and is commonly clinically calculated using MRI."
5314,brain tumour,38866115,"""Life…Gets Turned Upside-Down…"" Opportunities to Improve Palliative Care for High-Grade Glioma.","Early palliative care referral is recommended broadly in oncology. Yet, few patients with high-grade gliomas (HGG) - highly aggressive brain tumors - receive specialty palliative care consultation."
5315,brain tumour,38866016,Spatial transcriptomics analysis identifies a tumor-promoting function of the meningeal stroma in melanoma leptomeningeal disease.,"Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) remains a rapidly lethal complication for late-stage melanoma patients. Here, we characterize the tumor microenvironment of LMD and patient-matched extra-cranial metastases using spatial transcriptomics in a small number of clinical specimens (nine tissues from two patients) with extensive in vitro and in vivo validation. The spatial landscape of melanoma LMD is characterized by a lack of immune infiltration and instead exhibits a higher level of stromal involvement. The tumor-stroma interactions at the leptomeninges activate tumor-promoting signaling, mediated through upregulation of SERPINA3. The meningeal stroma is required for melanoma cells to survive in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and promotes MAPK inhibitor resistance. Knocking down SERPINA3 or inhibiting the downstream IGR1R/PI3K/AKT axis results in tumor cell death and re-sensitization to MAPK-targeting therapy. Our data provide a spatial atlas of melanoma LMD, identify the tumor-promoting role of meningeal stroma, and demonstrate a mechanism for overcoming microenvironment-mediated drug resistance in LMD."
5316,brain tumour,38865542,Palliative care in glioblastoma patients: a systematic review.,No abstract found
5317,brain tumour,38865526,Biomarkers and prediction of anthracyclic cardiotoxicity in breast cancer.,"Chemotherapy with doxorubicin may lead to left ventricular dysfunction. There is a controversial recommendation that biomarkers can predict ventricular dysfunction, which is one of the most feared manifestations of anthracycline cardiotoxicity."
5318,brain tumour,38865298,Preoperative cognitive function as a risk factor of postoperative delirium in cancer surgeries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Postoperative delirium (POD) after cancer surgeries can be a result of chemo brain, anesthesia, surgery duration, and preoperative cognitive impairment. Although older age and preoperative cognitive dysfunction were reported to increase the risk of POD in noncardiac surgery, the role of preoperative cognitive function and age in the development of POD after all types of cancer surgeries is not clear. This study aimed to determine the relationship between preoperative cognitive function and likelihood of POD after cancer surgeries. This study used three main online databases and followed PRISMA guidelines. English language original articles that examined preoperative cognitive function before solid tumor cancer surgery and assessed patients for postoperative delirium were included. We employed the random effect meta-analysis method. The overall incidence of POD ranged from 8.7% to 50.9%. The confusion assessment method was the most common tool used to assess delirium. Mini-mental state evaluation (MMSE), Mini-cog, and Montreal cognitive assessment were the most common tools to assess cognitive function. The pooled (total observation = 4676) random effects SMD was estimated at -0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.30 to -0.31), indicating that lower MMSE scores before surgery are associated with a higher risk of POD. The pooled (total observation = 2668) random effects OR was estimated at 5.17 (95% CI: 2.51 to -10.63), indicating preoperative cognitive dysfunction can significantly predict the occurrence of POD after cancer surgeries. In conclusion, preoperative cognitive function is an independent and significant predictor of POD after solid tumor cancer surgeries."
5319,brain tumour,38865285,Inferior vena cava filter thromboprophylaxis in surgical cancer patients.,This study evaluated the utilization and outcomes of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters as thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients undergoing surgery.
5320,brain tumour,38865222,Characterization of Polarimetric Properties in Various Brain Tumor Types Using Wide-Field Imaging Mueller Polarimetry.,"Neuro-oncological surgery is the primary brain cancer treatment, yet it faces challenges with gliomas due to their invasiveness and the need to preserve neurological function. Hence, radical resection is often unfeasible, highlighting the importance of precise tumor margin delineation to prevent neurological deficits and improve prognosis. Imaging Mueller polarimetry, an effective modality in various organ tissues, seems a promising approach for tumor delineation in neurosurgery. To further assess its use, we characterized the polarimetric properties by analysing 45 polarimetric measurements of 27 fresh brain tumor samples, including different tumor types with a strong focus on gliomas. Our study integrates a wide-field imaging Mueller polarimetric system and a novel neuropathology protocol, correlating polarimetric and histological data for accurate tissue identification. An image processing pipeline facilitated the alignment and overlay of polarimetric images and histological masks. Variations in depolarization values were observed for grey and white matter of brain tumor tissue, while differences in linear retardance were seen only within white matter of brain tumor tissue. Notably, we identified pronounced optical axis azimuth randomization within tumor regions. This study lays the foundation for machine learning-based brain tumor segmentation algorithms using polarimetric data, facilitating intraoperative diagnosis and decision making."
5321,brain tumour,38865057,MR beyond diagnostics at the ESMRMB annual meeting: MR theranostics and intervention.,No abstract found
5322,brain tumour,38865012,De novo versus recurrent metastatic breast cancer affects the extent of brain metastases.,We aimed to identify factors associated with the extent of brain metastases in patients with breast cancer to help distinguish brain oligometastases (1-4 brain metastases) from extensive metastases (5 or more brain metastases).
5323,brain tumour,38865011,Long-term outcomes of central neurocytoma - an institutional experience.,"Central Neurocytoma (CN) is a rare, WHO grade 2 brain tumor that predominantly affects young adults. Gross total resection (GTR) is often curative for CNs, but the optimal treatment paradigm including incorporation of RT, following subtotal resection (STR) and for scarcer pediatric cases has yet to be established."
5324,brain tumour,38865010,Laser interstitial thermal therapy followed by consolidation stereotactic radiosurgery (LITT-cSRS) in patients with newly diagnosed brain metastasis.,"The efficacy and safety of laser interstitial thermal therapy followed by consolidation radiosurgery (LITT-cSRS) was previously studied in brain metastasis that recurs locally after initial radiosurgery (BMRS). Here, we characterize the clinical outcome of LITT-cSRS in patients with newly diagnosed brain metastasis."
5325,brain tumour,38864949,"Clinical outcome, radiological findings, and genetic features of IDH-mutant brainstem glioma in adults.","With the recent advent of genetic testing, IDH-mutant glioma has been found among adult brainstem gliomas. However, the clinical outcome and prognosis of IDH-mutant brainstem gliomas in adults have not been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcome, radiological findings, and genetic features of adult patients with IDH-mutant diffuse brainstem gliomas."
5326,brain tumour,38864820,Metastatic glioblastoma to the lungs: a case report and literature review.,"Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Despite its infiltrative nature, extra-cranial glioblastoma metastases are rare. We present a case of a 63-year-old woman with metastatic glioblastoma in the lungs. Sarcomatous histology, a reported risk factor for disseminated disease, was found. Genomic alterations of "
5327,brain tumour,38864818,Extracavitary primary effusion lymphoma presenting as a solitary brain mass.,"Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an uncommon B-cell lymphoma associated with human herpesvirus 8 and comprises 3-4% of all HIV-related lymphomas. It traditionally presents as a pleural, pericardial, and/or peritoneal effusion, though it can occasionally manifest as an extracavitary or solid mass in the absence of an effusion. The extracavitary or solid variant of primary effusion lymphoma has been reported in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, lung, and lymph nodes. However, very few cases have been reported in the central nervous system. We describe a case of extracavitary or solid variant of primary effusion lymphoma presenting as a brain mass in an HIV-positive man, highlighting the clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic findings of a rare entity."
5328,brain tumour,38864741,The University of California San Francisco Adult Longitudinal Post-Treatment Diffuse Glioma MRI Dataset.,
5329,brain tumour,38864705,Comprehensive analysis of lncRNA-associated ceRNA network reveals novel potential prognostic regulatory axes in glioblastoma multiforme.,"Deciphering the lncRNA-associated competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network is essential in decoding glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) pathogenesis by regulating miRNA availability and controlling mRNA stability. This study aimed to explore novel biomarkers for GBM by constructing a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. A ceRNA network in GBM was constructed using lncRNA, mRNA and miRNA expression profiles from the TCGA and GEO datasets. Seed nodes were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of deregulated-mRNAs (DEmRNAs) in the ceRNA network. A lncRNA-miRNA-seed network was constructed by mapping the seed nodes into the preliminary ceRNA network. The impact of the seed nodes on the overall survival (OS) of patients was assessed by the GSCA database. Functional enrichment analysis of the deregulated-lncRNAs (DElncRNA) in the ceRNA network and genes interacting with OS-related genes in the PPI network were performed. Finally, the positive correlation between seed nodes and their associated lncRNAs and the expression level of these molecules in GBM tissue compared with normal samples was validated using the GEPIA database. Our analyzes revealed that three novel regulatory axes AL161785.1/miR-139-5p/MS4A6A, LINC02611/miR-139-5p/MS4A6A and PCED1B-AS1/miR-433-3p/MS4A6A may play essential roles in GBM pathogenesis. MS4A6A is upregulated in GBM and closely associated with shorter survival time of patients. We also identified that MS4A6A expression positively correlates with genes related to tumour-associated macrophages, which induce macrophage infiltration and immune suppression. The functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that DElncRNAs are mainly involved in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, calcium/MAPK signalling pathway, ribosome, GABAergic/Serotonergic/Glutamatergic synapse and immune system process. In addition, genes related to MS4A6A contribute to immune and inflammatory-related biological processes. Our findings provide novel insights to understand the ceRNA regulation in GBM and identify novel prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets."
5330,brain tumour,38864528,Management of Neurogenic Respiratory Alkalosis and Concomitant Lactatemia After Resection of a Posterior Fossa Meningioma: A Case Report.,"Central neurogenic hyperventilation (CNH) is a rare disease, caused by chemical or mechanical disturbance of respiratory centers. It is characterized by the absence of extracerebral respiratory stimuli. A woman developed severe respiratory alkalosis and lactatemia after resection of a posterior fossa meningioma despite lack of cardio-respiratory or metabolic alterations. Cerebral computed tomography (cCT) revealed edema of the pontomedullary area. Treatment with mannitol and dexamethasone reestablished normal breathing patterns. Lactatemia was likely due to reduced splanchnic lactate utilization. Intracranial pathologies should be suspected in case of hyperventilation without overt reasons. cCT to confirm edema or ischemia and prompt treatment is suggested."
5331,brain tumour,38864445,Prospects of marine-derived compounds as potential therapeutic agents for glioma.,"Glioma, the most common primary malignant brain tumour, is a grave health concern associated with high morbidity and mortality. Current treatments, while effective to some extent, are often hindered by factors such as the blood-brain barrier and tumour microenvironment. This underscores the pressing need for exploring new pharmacologically active anti-glioma compounds."
5332,brain tumour,38864296,Structural changes in eloquent cortex secondary to glioma in sensorimotor area.,"This study aims to investigate the structural reorganization in the sensorimotor area of the brain in patients with gliomas, distinguishing between those with impaired and unimpaired strength. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and region of interest (ROI) analysis, gray matter volumes (GMV) were compared in the contralesional primary motor gyrus, primary sensory gyrus, premotor area, bilateral supplementary motor area, and medial Brodmann area 8 (BA8). The results revealed that in patients with right hemisphere gliomas, the right medial BA8 volume was significantly larger in the impaired group than in the unimpaired group, with both groups exceeding the volume in 16 healthy controls (HCs). In patients with left hemisphere gliomas, the right supplementary motor area (SMA) was more pronounced in the impaired group compared to the unimpaired group, and both groups were greater than HCs. Additionally, the volumes of the right medial BA8 in both the impaired group were greater than HCs. Contralateral expansions in the gray matter of hand- and trunk-related cortices of the premotor area, precentral gyrus, and postcentral gyrus were observed compared to HCs. Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between hand Medical Research Council (MRC) score and volumes of the contralateral SMA and bilateral medial BA8. Notably, our findings reveal consistent results across both analytical approaches in identifying significant structural reorganizations within the sensorimotor cortex. These consistent findings underscore the adaptive neuroplastic responses to glioma presence, highlighting potential areas of interest for further neurosurgical planning and rehabilitation strategies."
5333,brain tumour,38864138,[Clinicopathological characteristics of the CD8,To investigate the characteristics of the CD8
5334,brain tumour,38864109,The emerging role of T helper 9 (Th9) cells in immunopathophysiology: A comprehensive review of their effects and responsiveness in various disease states.,"Th9 cells, a subset of T-helper cells producing interleukin-9 (IL-9), play a vital role in the adaptive immune response and have diverse effects in different diseases. Regulated by transcription factors like PU.1 and IRF4, and cytokines such as IL-4 and TGF-β, Th9 cells drive tissue inflammation. This review focuses on their emerging role in immunopathophysiology. Th9 cells exhibit immune-mediated cancer cell destruction, showing promise in glioma and cervical cancer treatment. However, their role in breast and lung cancer is intricate, requiring a deeper understanding of pro- and anti-tumor aspects. Th9 cells, along with IL-9, foster T cell and immune cell proliferation, contributing to autoimmune disorders. They are implicated in psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and infections. In allergic reactions and asthma, Th9 cells fuel pro-inflammatory responses. Targeting Foxo1 may regulate innate and adaptive immune responses, alleviating disease symptoms. This comprehensive review outlines Th9 cells' evolving immunopathophysiological role, emphasizing the necessity for further research to grasp their effects and potential therapeutic applications across diseases."
5335,brain tumour,38864088,Primary Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of the Breast: A Case Report with Literature Review of Similar Cases.,"Breast sarcoma is a rare but aggressive tumor. There are few case reports in the literature and several aspects of this disease are still not completely comprehended. Therefore, reporting new cases can help to enrich the literature. We report a patient with breast mass and pus secretion from her right breast, misdiagnosed as an abscess and mistreated by antibiotics. The patient was referred for an ultrasound examination and mammography, and a needle biopsy was performed that suggested an aggressive tumor. By the pathologist's suggestion, a total mastectomy of the right breast was performed with the excision of sentinel nodes. A pathological examination revealed a high-grade undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) without vascular or lymph node invasion as the final diagnosis. The patient underwent postoperative chemotherapy and is currently in good condition. This case emphasizes considering this rare tumor when approaching a breast mass. Performing surgery with adequate resection margin can improve the patient's prognosis. Some suggested breast UPS cases with lung and brain metastasis would be more aggressive tumors than other breast sarcomas. Total mastectomy with negative margins and free-of-tumor lymph nodes may be the key to improve prognosis in such patients."
5336,brain tumour,38863988,Effective re-induction regimen for children with recurrent medulloblastoma.,"There is no standard treatment for the recurrence of medulloblastoma, the most common malignant childhood brain tumor, and prognosis remains dismal. In this study, we introduce a regimen that is well-tolerated and effective at inducing remission."
5337,brain tumour,38863935,Pathological characteristics of reoperated regrowing clinically nonfunctioning pituitary tumor cases in comparison with initial surgical cases.,"Postoperative nonfunctioning pituitary tumor (NFPT) regrowth is a significant concern, but its predictive factors are not well established. This study aimed to elucidate the pathological characteristics of NFPTs indicated for reoperation for tumor regrowth."
5338,brain tumour,38863912,Endocrine Disorders in Childhood Brain Tumour Survivors: A Single-Centre Study.,The study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors for endocrine disorders in childhood brain tumour survivors.
5339,brain tumour,38863783,The mechanisms of white matter injury and immune system crosstalk in promoting the progression of Parkinson's disease: a narrative review.,"Parkinson's disease (PD) is neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged and elderly people with some pathological mechanisms including immune disorder, neuroinflammation, white matter injury and abnormal aggregation of alpha-synuclein, etc. New research suggests that white matter injury may be important in the development of PD, but how inflammation, the immune system, and white matter damage interact to harm dopamine neurons is not yet understood. Therefore, it is particularly important to delve into the crosstalk between immune cells in the central and peripheral nervous system based on the study of white matter damage in PD. This crosstalk could not only exacerbate the pathological process of PD but may also reveal new therapeutic targets. By understanding how immune cells penetrate through the blood-brain barrier and activate inflammatory responses within the central nervous system, we can better grasp the impact of structural destruction of white matter in PD and explore how this process can be modulated to mitigate or combat disease progression. Microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and peripheral immune cells (especially T cells) play a central role in its pathological process where these immune cells produce and respond to pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and interleukin-6(IL-6), and white matter injury causes microglia to become pro-inflammatory and release inflammatory mediators, which attract more immune cells to the damaged area, increasing the inflammatory response. Moreover, white matter damage also causes dysfunction of blood-brain barrier, allows peripheral immune cells and inflammatory factors to invade the brain further, and enhances microglia activation forming a vicious circle that intensifies neuroinflammation. And these factors collectively promote the neuroinflammatory environment and neurodegeneration changes of PD. Overall, these findings not only deepen our understanding of the complexity of PD, but also provide new targets for the development of therapeutic strategies focused on inflammation and immune regulation mechanisms. In summary, this review provided the theoretical basis for clarifying the pathogenesis of PD, summarized the association between white matter damage and the immune cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and then emphasized their potential specific mechanisms of achieving crosstalk with further aggravating the pathological process of PD."
5340,brain tumour,38863709,High expression of BTN3A1 is associated with clinical and immunological characteristics and predicts a poor prognosis in advanced human gliomas.,"Gliomas represent the most prevalent and aggressive tumors within the central nervous system. Despite the current standard treatments, the median survival time for glioblastoma patients remains dismal, hovering around 14 months. While attempts have been made to inhibit the PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4/CD80-CD86 axes through immunotherapy, the outcomes have yet to demonstrate significant efficacy. The immune checkpoint Butyrophilin 3A1 (BTN3A1) can either be involved in advantageous or detrimental function depending on the cancer type."
5341,brain tumour,38863628,The tumor-associated fibrotic reactions in microenvironment aggravate glioma chemoresistance.,"Malignant gliomas are one of the most common and lethal brain tumors with poor prognosis. Most patients with glioblastoma (GBM) die within 2 years of diagnosis, even after receiving standard treatments including surgery combined with concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for gliomas, but the frequent acquisition of chemoresistance generally leads to its treatment failure. Thus, it's urgent to investigate the strategies for overcoming glioma chemoresistance. Currently, many studies have elucidated that cancer chemoresistance is not only associated with the high expression of drug-resistance genes in glioma cells but also can be induced by the alterations of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Numerous studies have explored the use of antifibrosis drugs to sensitize chemotherapy in solid tumors, and surprisingly, these preclinical and clinical attempts have exhibited promising efficacy in treating certain types of cancer. However, it remains unclear how tumor-associated fibrotic alterations in the glioma microenvironment (GME) mediate chemoresistance. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms behind this phenomenon are yet to be determined. In this review, we have summarized the molecular mechanisms by which tumor-associated fibrotic reactions drive glioma transformation from a chemosensitive to a chemoresistant state. Additionally, we have outlined antitumor drugs with antifibrosis functions, suggesting that antifibrosis strategies may be effective in overcoming glioma chemoresistance through TME normalization."
5342,brain tumour,38863310,What is the optimal isodose line for stereotactic radiotherapy for single brain metastases using HyperArc?,"The study aimed to investigate the optimal isodose line (IDL) in linear accelerator-based stereotactic radiotherapy for single brain metastasis, using HyperArc. We compared the dosimetric parameters for target and normal brain tissue among six plans with different IDLs."
5343,brain tumour,38863278,Clinicopathological Impact of FOXM1 and MMP-9 Immunohistochemical Expression in Different Grades of Intracranial Meningioma.,To find predictive biomarkers for recurrence and progression of meningioma.
5344,brain tumour,38863010,Reconstitution of peripheral blood T cell receptor β immune repertoire in immune checkpoint inhibitors associated myocarditis.,Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-associated myocarditis was a rare yet severe complication observed in individuals undergoing immunotherapy. This study investigated the immune status and characteristics of patients diagnosed with ICIs- associated myocarditis.
5345,brain tumour,38863009,Hypoxia-induced activation of HIF-1alpha/IL-1beta axis in microglia promotes glioma progression via NF-κB-mediated upregulation of heparanase expression.,"Glioma is a common tumor that occurs in the brain and spinal cord. Hypoxia is a crucial feature of the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages/microglia play a crucial role in the advancement of glioma. This study aims to illuminate the detailed mechanisms by which hypoxia regulates microglia and, consequently, influences the progression of glioma."
5346,brain tumour,38862900,Clinical application of intraoperative ultrasound superb microvascular imaging in brain tumors resections: contributing to the achievement of total tumoral resection.,To investigate whether the intraoperative superb microvascular imaging(SMI) technique helps evaluate lesion boundaries compared with conventional grayscale ultrasound in brain tumor surgery and to explore factors that may be associated with complete radiographic resection.
5347,brain tumour,38862832,HNRNPA2B1 stabilizes NFATC3 levels to potentiate its combined actions with FOSL1 to mediate vasculogenic mimicry in GBM cells.,"Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is an enigmatic physiological feature that influences blood supply within glioblastoma (GBM) tumors for their sustained growth. Previous studies identify NFATC3, FOSL1 and HNRNPA2B1 as significant mediators of VEGFR2, a key player in vasculogenesis, and their molecular relationships may be crucial for VM in GBM."
5348,brain tumour,38862795,Navigated intraoperative ultrasound in pediatric brain tumors.,The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value and accuracy of navigated intraoperative ultrasound (iUS) in pediatric oncological neurosurgery as compared to intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI).
5349,brain tumour,38862741,Proactive monitoring of drug-drug interactions between direct oral anticoagulants and small-molecule inhibitors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.,"Small-molecule inhibitors (SMIs) have revolutionised the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, SMI-induced drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with frequently co-administered direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), increase thromboembolic and bleeding risks. This study investigated and proactively managed the consequences of DOAC-SMI DDIs."
5350,brain tumour,38862727,Both Enantiomers of 2-Hydroxyglutarate Modulate the Metabolism of Cultured Human Neuroblastoma Cells.,"Elevated levels of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) and L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2HG) in the brain are associated with various pathological conditions, potentially contributing to neurological symptoms and neurodegeneration. Previous studies on animal models have revealed their capability to interfere with several cellular processes, including mitochondrial metabolism. Both enantiomers competitively inhibit the enzymatic activity of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. These enzymes also execute several signaling cascades and regulate the level of covalent modifications on nucleic acids or proteins, e.g., methylation, hydroxylation, or ubiquitination, with an effect on epigenetic regulation of gene expression, protein stability, and intracellular signaling. To investigate the potential impact of 2HG enantiomers on human neuronal cells, we utilized the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line as a model. We employed proton nuclear magnetic resonance ("
5351,brain tumour,38862475,Glucose deprivation triggers DCAF1-mediated inactivation of Rheb-mTORC1 and promotes cancer cell survival.,"Low glucose is a common microenvironment for rapidly growing solid tumors, which has developed multiple approaches to survive under glucose deprivation. However, the specific regulatory mechanism remains largely elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that glucose deprivation, while not amino acid or serum starvation, transactivates the expression of DCAF1. This enhances the K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation of Rheb, inhibits mTORC1 activity, induces autophagy, and facilitates cancer cell survival under glucose deprivation conditions. This study identified DCAF1 as a new cellular glucose sensor and uncovered new insights into mechanism of DCAF1-mediated inactivation of Rheb-mTORC1 pathway for promoting cancer cell survival in response to glucose deprivation."
5352,brain tumour,38862445,[,To investigate the mechanisms that mediate the neuroprotective effect of the intestinal microbial metabolite sodium butyrate (NaB) in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD) 
5353,brain tumour,38862105,Shaping the curve from the microscopic transsphenoidal to the endoscopic endonasal approach for the sellar region.,"This study aimed to investigate the limitations, barriers, and complications in the early transition from the microscopic transsphenoidal approach (MTA) to the endonasal endoscopic approach (EEA) to the skull base in our institution."
5354,brain tumour,38862080,Brain metastasis risk prediction model in females with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.,"Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in females, and the hormone receptor-positive subtype is the most frequent. Breast cancer is a common source of brain metastases; therefore, we aimed to generate a brain metastases prediction model in females with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer."
5355,brain tumour,38861982,Case Report: Neurobrucellosis Presenting as Malignancy.,"Neurobrucellosis, caused by Brucella species, is a zoonotic infection that may involve the central nervous system. Although uncommon, it can manifest as a solitary intracranial mass. We report a case of neurobrucellosis in a 25-year-old woman from Peru who presented with headache, weight loss, and right-side hemiparesis and paresthesia. A contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed an intracerebral mass in the left temporal lobe. Serum testing subsequently were positive. Brain biopsy demonstrated non-necrotizing granulomas without malignant cells. Neurobrucellosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of brain space occupying lesions in endemic countries."
5356,brain tumour,38861929,Mapping myeloid cell function: Spatial diversity in tumor and neuronal microenvironment.,"In this issue of Cancer Cell, Zhong et al. explore the dual role of TREM2 in glioblastoma-associated myeloid cells, demonstrating its function in promoting inflammation at the tumor-neural interface and suppression within the tumor core, influenced by the local microenvironment. These findings open up promising prospects for advancements in neuro-oncological immunotherapy."
5357,brain tumour,38861840,Underlying Mechanisms of the Protective Effects of Lifestyle Factors On Age-Related Diseases.,"The rise in life expectancy has significantly increased the occurrence of age-related chronic diseases, leading to escalating expenses for both society and individuals. Among the main factors influencing health and lifespan, lifestyle takes a forefront position. Specifically, nutrition, mental activity, and physical exercise influence the molecular and functional mechanisms that contribute to the prevention of major age-related diseases. Gaining deeper insights into the mechanisms that drive the positive effects of healthy lifestyles is valuable for creating interventions to prevent or postpone the development of chronic degenerative diseases. This review summarizes the main mechanisms that underlie the positive effect of lifestyle factors in counteracting the major age-related diseases involving brain health, musculoskeletal function, cancer, frailty, and cardiovascular diseases, among others. This knowledge will help to identify high-risk populations for targeted intervention trials and discover new biomarkers associated with healthy aging."
5358,brain tumour,38861756,EBCC-14 manifesto: Addressing disparities in access to innovation for patients with metastatic breast cancer across Europe.,"The European Breast Cancer Council (EBCC) traditionally identifies controversies or major deficiencies in the management of patients with breast cancer and selects a multidisciplinary expert team to collaborate in setting crucial principles and recommendations to improve breast cancer care. The 2024 EBCC manifesto focuses on disparities in the care of patients with metastatic breast cancer. There are several reasons for existing disparities both between and within countries. Our recommendations aim to address the stigma of metastatic disease, which has led to significant disparities in access to innovative care regardless of the gross national income of a country. These recommendations are for different stakeholders to promote the care of patients with metastatic breast cancer across Europe and worldwide."
5359,brain tumour,38861654,Cardinality-constrained plan-quality and delivery-time optimization method for proton therapy.,"While minimizing plan delivery time is beneficial for proton therapy in terms of motion management, patient comfort, and treatment throughput, it often poses a tradeoff with optimizing plan quality. A key component of plan delivery time is the energy switching time, which is approximately proportional to the number of energy layers, that is, the cardinality."
5360,brain tumour,38861539,Endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent regulation of the expression of serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 in glioblastoma cells.,
5361,brain tumour,38861512,Pathway analysis of peripheral blood CD8+ T cell transcriptome shows differential regulation of sphingolipid signaling in multiple sclerosis and glioblastoma.,"Multiple sclerosis (MS) and glioblastoma (GBM) are CNS diseases in whose development and progression immune privilege is intimately important, but in a relatively opposite manner. Maintenance and strengthening of immune privilege have been shown to be an important mechanism in glioblastoma immune evasion, while the breakdown of immune privilege leads to MS initiation and exacerbation. We hypothesize that molecular signaling pathways can be oppositely regulated in peripheral blood CD8+ T cells of MS and glioblastoma patients at a transcriptional level. We analyzed publicly available data of the peripheral blood CD8+ T cell MS vs. control (MSvsCTRL) and GBM vs. control (GBMvsCTRL) differentially expressed gene (DEG) contrasts with Qiagen's Ingenuity pathway analysis software (IPA). We have identified sphingolipid signaling pathway which was significantly downregulated in the GBMvsCTRL and upregulated in the MSvsCTRL. As the pathway is important for the CD8+ T lymphocytes CNS infiltration, this result is in line with our previously stated hypothesis. Comparing publicly available lists of differentially expressed serum exosomal miRNAs from MSvsCTRL and GBMvsCTRL contrasts, we have identified that hsa-miR-182-5p has the greatest potential effect on sphingolipid signaling regarding the number of regulated DEGs in the GBMvsCTRL contrast, while not being able to find any relevant potential sphingolipid signaling target transcripts in the MSvsCTRL contrast. We conclude that the sphingolipid signaling pathway is a top oppositely regulated pathway in peripheral blood CD8+ T cells from GBM and MS, and might be crucial for the differences in CNS immune privilege maintenance of investigated diseases, but further experimental research is necessary."
5362,brain tumour,38861415,18 F-FAPI-42 Versus 18 F-FDG PET/MRI in a Case of Primary Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma of the Skeletal Muscles.,Primary skeletal muscle lymphoma is rare. We describe 18 F-FAPI-42 and 18 F-FDG PET/MRI findings in a case of primary peripheral T-cell lymphoma of the skeletal muscles with brain involvement. The multiple skeletal muscle tumors and one larger cerebral tumor showed intense FDG uptake and mild to moderate FAPI uptake. FDG PET was superior to FAPI PET in delineating the muscle tumors because of significantly higher FDG uptake of the muscle tumors than FAPI uptake. FAPI PET was superior to FDG PET in delineating the cerebral lesion because of a very low background FAPI activity in the brain parenchyma.
5363,brain tumour,38861296,Second surgery for relapsed glioblastoma: an observational study on criteria for patient selection in real life.,
5364,brain tumour,38861272,Peptide-Hitchhiking for the Development of Nanosystems in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the epitome of aggressiveness and lethality in the spectrum of brain tumors, primarily due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that hinders effective treatment delivery, tumor heterogeneity, and the presence of treatment-resistant stem cells that contribute to tumor recurrence. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been used to overcome these obstacles by attaching targeting ligands to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Among these ligands, peptides stand out due to their ease of synthesis and high selectivity. This article aims to review single and multiligand strategies critically. In addition, it highlights other strategies that integrate the effects of external stimuli, biomimetic approaches, and chemical approaches as nanocatalytic medicine, revealing their significant potential in treating GBM with peptide-functionalized NPs. Alternative routes of parenteral administration, specifically nose-to-brain delivery and local treatment within the resected tumor cavity, are also discussed. Finally, an overview of the significant obstacles and potential strategies to overcome them are discussed to provide a perspective on this promising field of GBM therapy."
5365,brain tumour,38861176,The sensitivity of MIPs of 3D contrast-enhanced VIBE T1-weighted imaging for the detection of small brain metastases (≤ 5 mm) on 1.5 tesla MRI.,To evaluate whether the use of Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) images derived from contrast-enhanced 3D-T1-weighted volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) would allow more sensitive detection of small (≤5 mm) brain metastases (BM) compared with source as well as 2D-T1-weighted spin-echo (SE) images.
5366,brain tumour,38861151,Rational Design of Novel Allosteric EYA2 Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutics for Multiple Brain Cancers.,"The Eyes Absent (EYA) family of developmental proteins, often in partnership with the sine oculis (SIX) homeobox proteins, promote cancer metastasis and recurrence in numerous tumor types. In addition to being a transcriptional coactivator, EYA2 is a Tyr phosphatase that dephosphorylates H2AX which leads to repair instead of apoptosis upon DNA damage and ERβ which inhibits the anti-tumor transcriptional activity of ERβ. The SIX members of the EYA-SIX complex are difficult to target, therefore, we targeted the EYA2 to promote cell death and prevent cancer progression. We conducted structural optimization of a previously discovered allosteric inhibitor of EYA2, 9987, using the combination of in silico modeling, biochemical and cell-based assays. A new series of compounds was developed with significantly improved cellular activity and physiochemical properties desirable for brain targets. Specifically, compound 2 e showed >30-fold improvement in the medulloblastoma cell line D458, relative to 9987, while maintaining potent and selective inhibitory activity against EYA2 Tyr phosphatase activity and a good multiparameter optimization score for central nervous system drugs."
5367,brain tumour,38860976,Clinical Updates and Surveillance Recommendations for DNA Replication Repair Deficiency Syndromes in Children and Young Adults.,"Replication repair deficiency (RRD) is a pan-cancer mechanism characterized by abnormalities in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system due to pathogenic variants in the PMS2, MSH6, MSH2, or MLH1 genes, and/or in the polymerase-proofreading genes POLE and POLD1. RRD predisposition syndromes (constitutional MMR deficiency, Lynch, and polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis) share overlapping phenotypic and biological characteristics. Moreover, cancers stemming from germline defects of one mechanism can acquire somatic defects in another, leading to complete RRD. Here we describe the recent advances in the diagnostics, surveillance, and clinical management for children with RRD syndromes. For patients with constitutional MMR deficiency, new data combining clinical insights and cancer genomics have revealed genotype-phenotype associations and helped in the development of novel functional assays, diagnostic guidelines, and surveillance recommendations. Recognition of non-gastrointestinal/genitourinary malignancies, particularly aggressive brain tumors, in select children with Lynch and polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis syndromes harboring an RRD biology have led to new management considerations. Additionally, universal hypermutation and microsatellite instability have allowed immunotherapy to be a paradigm shift in the treatment of RRD cancers independent of their germline etiology. These advances have also stimulated a need for expert recommendations about genetic counseling for these patients and their families. Future collaborative work will focus on newer technologies such as quantitative measurement of circulating tumor DNA and functional genomics to tailor surveillance and clinical care, improving immune surveillance; develop prevention strategies; and deliver these novel discoveries to resource-limited settings to maximize benefits for patients globally."
5368,brain tumour,38860769,"Brainstem Gliomas With Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutation: Natural History, Clinical-Radiological Features, Management Strategy, and Long-Term Outcome.","This study aimed to investigate the clinical, radiological, pathological features, treatment options, and outcomes of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant brainstem gliomas (BSG-IDHmut)."
5369,brain tumour,38860682,Magnetic Particle Imaging Reveals that Iron-Labeled Extracellular Vesicles Accumulate in Brains of Mice with Metastases.,"The incidence of breast cancer remains high worldwide and is associated with a significant risk of metastasis to the brain that can be fatal; this is due, in part, to the inability of therapeutics to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been found to cross the BBB and further have been used to deliver drugs to tumors. EVs from different cell types appear to have different patterns of accumulation and retention as well as the efficiency of bioactive cargo delivery to recipient cells in the body. Engineering EVs as delivery tools to treat brain metastases, therefore, will require an understanding of the timing of EV accumulation and their localization relative to metastatic sites. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a sensitive and quantitative imaging method that directly detects superparamagnetic iron. Here, we demonstrate MPI as a novel tool to characterize EV biodistribution in metastatic disease after labeling EVs with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles. Iron-labeled EVs (FeEVs) were collected from iron-labeled parental primary 4T1 tumor cells and brain-seeking 4T1BR5 cells, followed by injection into the mice with orthotopic tumors or brain metastases. MPI quantification revealed that FeEVs were retained for longer in orthotopic mammary carcinomas compared to SPIOs. MPI signal due to iron could only be detected in brains of mice bearing brain metastases after injection of FeEVs, but not SPIOs, or FeEVs when mice did not have brain metastases. These findings indicate the potential use of EVs as a therapeutic delivery tool in primary and metastatic tumors."
5370,brain tumour,38860520,Human-Derived Induced GABAergic Progenitor Cells Improve Cognitive Function in Mice and Inhibit Astrocyte Activation with Anti-Inflammatory Exosomes.,"The role of gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) neuron impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and if and how transplantation of healthy GABAergic neurons can improve AD, remain unknown."
5371,brain tumour,38860406,A novel interplay between PRC2 and miR-3189 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via modulating COL6A2 in glioblastoma.,"Recent studies have shed light on disrupted collagen signaling in Gliomas, yet the regulatory landscape remains largely unexplored. This study enquired into the role of polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2)-mediated H3K27me3 modification, a key epigenetic factor in glioma. Using in-house data, we identified miRNAs downregulated in glioblastoma (GBM) with the potential to regulate Collagen VI family genes. Notably, miR-3189 emerged as a prime PRC2 target. Its expression was significantly downregulated in Indian GBM patients as well as other glioma cohorts. Mechanistic insights, involving Luciferase assays, mutagenesis, and Western blot analysis, confirmed direct targeting of Collagen VI member COL6A2 by miR-3189-3p. Functional assays demonstrated that miR-3189-3p restrained GBM malignancy by inhibiting proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conversely, COL6A2 overexpressed in GBM patients, countered miR-3189, and promoted the malignant phenotype. Gene set enrichment analysis highlighted EMT enrichment in GBM patients with elevated COL6A2 expression, carrying prognostic implications. This study uncovers intricate interactions between two epigenetic regulators-H3K27me3 and miR-3189-working synergistically to modulate Collagen VI gene; thus, influencing the malignancy of GBM. Targeting this H3K27me3|miR-3189-3p|COL6A2 axis presents a potential therapeutic avenue against GBM."
5372,brain tumour,38860311,High-throughput neural stem cell-based drug screening identifies S6K1 inhibition as a selective vulnerability in sonic hedgehog-medulloblastoma.,"Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in children. Current treatments have increased overall survival but can lead to devastating side effects and late complications in survivors, emphasizing the need for new, improved targeted therapies that specifically eliminate tumor cells while sparing the normally developing brain."
5373,brain tumour,38860277,"Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, PD-L1, and MMR-deficiency combined characterization may identify subgroups of rectal cancer patients who would benefit from immunotherapy.","Mismatch repair deficiency, immunological fertility, and PD-L1 expression status are key histopathological and molecular features defining tumor responsiveness to immunotherapy and, eventually, prognosis. These were investigated in a series of locally advanced rectal cancer patients treated with postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy."
5374,brain tumour,38860065,Fibrosarcomatous Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans of the Head.,"This article highlights the case of a 37-year-old male who presented with a recurrent, exponentially enlarging head mass, emphasizing the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with a very rare type of tumor, fibrosarcomatous dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) of the head. Our patient presented with a rapidly growing head mass, initially diagnosed as a spindle cell tumor, and was managed with surgical excision and skin flap grafting. Follow-up revealed relapse and interval development of hemiparesis and hemisensory loss. MRI revealed tumor recurrence, with compression of the right parietal lobe and superior sagittal sinus. Histopathology revealed stroma with fascicles of spindle cells homogenous to fibrillar cytoplasm, with oval vesicular nuclei. Immunohistochemical staining showed positivity for CD34 and SMA. Oral chemotherapy with imatinib 800 mg/day was started. Follow-up imaging showed a marked reduction in the size of the tumor and resolution of the compression of the underlying brain parenchyma with cystic degeneration and decreased contrast enhancement. Future plans include possible surgical tumor debulking and/or radiation therapy. Although extremely rare, awareness of this tumor, with a multi-disciplinary approach to the management of the case, is vital to maximize treatment outcomes."
5375,brain tumour,38859993,What is the cognitive footprint of insular glioma?,"Cognitive impairment has a profound deleterious impact on long-term outcomes of glioma surgery. The human insula, a deep cortical structure covered by the operculum, plays a role in a wide range of cognitive functions including interceptive thoughts and salience processing. Both low-grade (LGG) and high-grade gliomas (HGG) involve the insula, representing up to 25% of LGG and 10% of HGG. Surgical series from the past 30 years support the role of primary cytoreductive surgery for insular glioma patients; however, reported cognitive outcomes are often limited to speech and language function. The breath of recent neuroscience literature demonstrates that the insula plays a broader role in cognition including interoceptive thoughts and salience processing. This article summarizes the vast functional role of the healthy human insula highlighting how this knowledge can be leveraged to improve the care of patients with insular gliomas."
5376,brain tumour,38859961,Involvement of ,"Patients with breast cancer show altered expression of genes within the pectoralis major skeletal muscle cells of the breast. Through analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-breast cancer (BRCA), we identified three previously uncharacterized putative novel tumor suppressor genes expressed in normal muscle cells, whose expression was downregulated in breast tumors. We found that NEDD4 binding protein 2-like 1 ("
5377,brain tumour,38859917,Surgical treatment for insular gliomas. A systematic review and meta-analysis on behalf of the EANS neuro-oncology section.,The appropriate surgical management of insular gliomas is controversial. Management strategies vary considerably between centers.
5378,brain tumour,38859864,MicroRNA 421 induces the formation of high-invasive cell subsets of ovarian cancer from low-invasive cell subsets mediated by exosomes by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.,"Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) results in treatment failure in ovarian cancer (OC). Exosomes are related to the formation of a heterogeneous tumor microenvironment, and microRNAs play a crucial role in the progression of OC. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effect of exosomes and microRNA 421 (miR-421), which is mediated by exosomes, on ITH and the diagnosis of OC. Exosomes derived from A2780 cells with the highest (AHC) or lowest (ALC) invasive/migratory capacity cells (AHE/ALE) were extracted by differential centrifugation. We conducted a series of experiments to verify the role of AHE and miR-421 in promoting the transformation of low-invasive cells to high-invasive cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway, and we also measured the levels of CA125 in serum exosomes. The results of assays showed that the AHE and miR-421, mediated by exosomes, significantly increased the malignancy of ALC cells by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. The expression of miR-421 was significantly increased in the serum exosomes derived from high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients. Our findings indicate that MiR-421, mediated by exosomes, could induce the transformation of highly invasive cell subpopulations from subpopulations of OC cells with low invasive potential by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway."
5379,brain tumour,38859853,"Dopamine pre-treatment impairs the anti-cancer effect of integrated stress response- and TRAIL pathway-inducing ONC201, ONC206 and ONC212 imipridones in pancreatic, colorectal cancer but not DMG cells.","ONC201 (originally discovered as TRAIL-Inducing Compound #10 or TIC10) and analogue ONC206 have been found to induce an integrated stress response with suggested primary targets and mechanisms involving targeting mitochondrial protein ClpP and antagonism of dopamine receptors D2/3 (DRD2/3). We hypothesized that dopamine, the agonist of DRD2, may counteract ONC201 or ONC206 for DRD2/3 and impair the anti-cancer effect of ONC201 or ONC206, thus protect the tumor cells from the cytotoxic effect of ONC201 or ONC206. We therefore pre-treated cancer cells from different tissue origins including breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and diffuse midline glioma (DMG) with dopamine, followed by treatment of ONC201, ONC206 or ONC212. We observed that 48 hours of pre-treatment with dopamine impaired the cell viability suppression effect of ONC201, ONC206 and ONC212 in pancreatic cancer cells and colorectal cancer cells. We pre-treated multiple cancer cell lines with dopamine for one week followed by ONC201, ONC206, or ONC212 treatment and performed colony assays. Pre-treatment with dopamine impaired the anti-cancer effect of ONC201 or ONC206 in pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer. Impairment of ONC212 effect by pre-treatment with dopamine was also seen in colony assay for colorectal cancer, but not in pancreatic cancer cells by colony assay. No protection from killing by imipridones was observed with DRD2 agonist sumanirole in tumor cells, or with brain tumor cell lines pretreated with dopamine. Immunoblotting was conducted to investigate whether dopamine pre-treatment impacts signaling pathways reported to be affected by ONC201. The dopamine pre-treatment did not impact changes in ATF4, CHOP, DR5 and ClpX which were reported to be affected by ONC201. The mechanism of impairment of ONC201/206/212 effect caused by dopamine pre-treatment appears to involve upregulation of anti-apoptotic p-Bad, XIAP, FLIP and pAkt. Our results shed light on mechanisms of cancer cell protection by dopamine after imipridone treatment, heterogeneity among different tumor cell types, and suggest that effects of dopamine adaptation on tumor cells may impact on cell survival pathways in ways that may or may not depend on expression of dopamine receptors."
5380,brain tumour,38859825,Potential antitumor effects of short-chain fatty acids in breast cancer models.,"The effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been explored against cancer due to the crosstalk between gut microbiota alterations and the immune system as a crucial role in cancer development. We evaluated the SCFAs effects in both in vitro and in vivo breast cancer models. In vitro, the SCFAs displayed contrasting effects on viability index, according to the evaluation of breast cancer cells with different phenotypes, human MCF-7, SK-BR-3, MDA-MD-231, or the mouse 4T1 lineage. Acetate displayed minimal effects at concentrations up to 100 mM. Alternatively, propionate increases or reduces cell viability depending on the concentration. Butyrate and valerate showed consistent time- and concentration-dependent effects on the viability of human or mouse breast cancer cells. The selective FFA2 4-CMTB or FFA3 AR420626 receptor agonists failed to overtake the SCFA actions, except by modest inhibitory effects on MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cell viability. The FFA2 CATPB or FFA3 and β-hydroxybutyrate receptor antagonists lacked significant activity on human cell lines, although CATPB reduced 4T1 cell viability. Butyrate significantly affected cell morphology, clonogenicity, and migration, according to the evaluation of MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells. A preliminary examination of in vivo oral effects of butyrate, propionate, or valerate, dosed in prophylactic or therapeutic regimens, on several parameters evaluated in an orthotopic breast cancer model showed a reduction of lung metastasis in post-tumor induction butyrate-treated mice. Overall, the present results indicate that in vitro effects of SCFAs did not rely on FFA2 or FFA3 receptor activation, and they were not mirrored in vivo, at least at the tested conditions. Overall, the present results indicate potential in vitro inhibitory effects of SCFAs in breast cancer, independent of FFA2 or FFA3 receptor activation, and, in the metastatic breast cancer model, the butyrate-dosed therapeutic regimen reduced the number of lung metastases."
5381,brain tumour,38859771,Mismatch repair deficiency: how reliable is the two-antibody approach? A national real-life study.,"Traditionally, mismatch repair (MMR) status is determined by a panel of four antibodies (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, MSH6). If all proteins are retained, cases are MMR proficient (pMMR), while loss of one or more proteins is indicative of MMR deficiency (dMMR). This approach has been challenged in favour of a two-antibody approach, using PMS2 and MSH6 as a first screening. Their retainment is deemed sufficient to declare cases pMMR. In this study we aim to verify the validity of the two-antibody approach."
5382,brain tumour,38859711,Comparative analysis of non-invasive and invasive alternating electric fields therapy for malignant gliomas: a simulation study.,"Alternating electric fields (AEFs) at intermediate frequencies (100-300 kHz) and low intensities (1-3 V/cm) have shown promise as an effective approach for inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. However, a noticeable research gap exists in comparing the biophysical properties of invasive and non-invasive AEFs methods, and AEFs delivery strategies require further improvement. In this study, we constructed a realistic head model to simulate the effects of non-invasive and invasive AEFs on malignant gliomas. Additionally, a novel method was proposed involving the placement of a return electrode under the scalp. We simulated the electric field and temperature distributions in the brain tissue for each method. Our results underscore the advantages of invasive AEFs, showcasing their superior tumor-targeting abilities and reduced energy requirements. The analysis of brain tissue temperature changes reveals that non-invasive AEFs primarily generate heat at the scalp level, whereas invasive methods localize heat production within the tumor itself, thereby preserving surrounding healthy brain tissue. Our proposed invasive AEFs method also shows potential for selective electric field intervention. In conclusion, invasive AEFs demonstrate potential for precise and effective tumor treatment. Its enhanced targeting capabilities and limited impact on healthy tissue make it a promising avenue for further research in the realm of cancer treatment."
5383,brain tumour,38859683,Tumor treating fields for newly diagnosed high-grade glioma based on the criteria of 2021 WHO CNS5: A retrospective analysis of Chinese patients in a single center.,"High-grade glioma (HGG) is known to be characterized by a high degree of malignancy and a worse prognosis. The classical treatment is safe resection supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Tumor treating fields (TTFields), an emerging physiotherapeutic modality that targets malignant solid tumors using medium-frequency, low-intensity, alternating electric fields to interfere with cell division, have been used for the treatment of new diagnosis of glioblastoma, however, their administration in HGG requires further clinical evidence. The efficacy and safety of TTFields in Chinese patients with HGG were retrospectively evaluated by us in a single center."
5384,brain tumour,38859623,Exploring and validating heating dynamics in a radio-frequency electromagnetic field-based resonant chamber for mouse hyperthermia research.,"Mild whole-body hyperthermia has been shown to have anti-tumor effects through an immune-modulating mechanism. Before it is widely applied in the clinic, tremendous mechanistic research in animals is necessary to adhere to evidence-based principles. The radio frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) based heating facility could be a good choice for hyperthermia treatment, but the heating characteristics of a facility, including structure design, electromagnetic and thermal dosimetry, and the biologic effects of hyperthermia, need to be well elucidated. Here, we reported the heating characteristic study on a resonant chamber (RC) excited by a 1800 MHz solid source. The EMF in the RC was stirred by 24 static reflectors, which resulted in the standard deviation of electric field intensity being below 3 dB in the EM homogeneity evaluation. For the exposure scenario, six free-moving mice were loaded into separate cases and exposed simultaneously in the RC. The EMF energy absorption and distribution in exposed mice were calculated with the 12-plane-waves method of numerical simulation. Different levels of core body temperature increment in exposed mice were achieved through regulation of the source output power. Overexpression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) was detected in the liver, lung and muscle, but not in the brain of the exposed mice. The levels of representative inflammatory cytokines in the serum, TNF-α and IL-10 increased post RC exposure. Based on the heating characteristic study and validation, the applied RC would be a qualified heating system for mild whole-body hyperthermia effect research in mice."
5385,brain tumour,38858796,Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma clinically and radiologically masquerading as a head and neck paraganglioma: a case report and review of the literature.,This paper reports the first case of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma clinically and radiologically masquerading as a head and neck paraganglioma.
5386,brain tumour,38858569,RNA delivery heats up cold tumours.,No abstract found
5387,brain tumour,38858501,Tumour microenvironment programming by an RNA-RNA-binding protein complex creates a druggable vulnerability in IDH-wild-type glioblastoma.,"Patients with IDH-wild-type glioblastomas have a poor five-year survival rate along with limited treatment efficacy due to immune cell (glioma-associated microglia and macrophages) infiltration promoting tumour growth and resistance. To enhance therapeutic options, our study investigated the unique RNA-RNA-binding protein complex LOC-DHX15. This complex plays a crucial role in driving immune cell infiltration and tumour growth by establishing a feedback loop between cancer and immune cells, intensifying cancer aggressiveness. Targeting this complex with blood-brain barrier-permeable small molecules improved treatment efficacy, disrupting cell communication and impeding cancer cell survival and stem-like properties. Focusing on RNA-RNA-binding protein interactions emerges as a promising approach not only for glioblastomas without the IDH mutation but also for potential applications beyond cancer, offering new avenues for developing therapies that address intricate cellular relationships in the body."
5388,brain tumour,38858492,FOXO3a/PI3K/Akt pathway participates in the ROS- induced apoptosis triggered by α-ZEL and β-ZEL.,"Zearalenone (ZEN), an estrogenic mycotoxin, is one of the most common food and feed contaminants. Also, its metabolites α-zearalenol (α-ZEL) and β-zearalenol (β-ZEL) are considered to induce oxidative stress, however its effect in prostate cells is not known yet. Our previous observations showed that forehead box transcription factor 3a (FOXO3a) expression is modified in hormone- sensitive cells in the response to mycotoxins, similar to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. Thus, this study evaluated the direct molecular effect of α-ZEL and β-ZEL in a dose of 30 µM in hormone-dependent human prostate cancer (PCa) cells with the focus of the involvement of FOXO3a and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in that effect. We observed that both active metabolites of ZEN reduced cell viability, induced oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in PCa cells. Furthermore, we observed that FOXO3a as well as PI3K/Akt signaling pathway participate in ZELs induced toxicity in PCa cells, indicating that this signaling pathway might be a regulator of mycotoxin-induced toxicity generally."
5389,brain tumour,38858389,In situ brain tumor detection using a Raman spectroscopy system-results of a multicenter study.,"Safe and effective brain tumor surgery aims to remove tumor tissue, not non-tumoral brain. This is a challenge since tumor cells are often not visually distinguishable from peritumoral brain during surgery. To address this, we conducted a multicenter study testing whether the Sentry System could distinguish the three most common types of brain tumors from brain tissue in a label-free manner. The Sentry System is a new real time, in situ brain tumor detection device that merges Raman spectroscopy with machine learning tissue classifiers. Nine hundred and seventy-six in situ spectroscopy measurements and colocalized tissue specimens were acquired from 67 patients undergoing surgery for glioblastoma, brain metastases, or meningioma to assess tumor classification. The device achieved diagnostic accuracies of 91% for glioblastoma, 97% for brain metastases, and 96% for meningiomas. These data show that the Sentry System discriminated tumor containing tissue from non-tumoral brain in real time and prior to resection."
5390,brain tumour,38858340,Correction to: Umbrella review and network meta-analysis of diagnostic imaging test accuracy studies in differentiating between brain tumor progression versus pseudoprogression and radionecrosis.,No abstract found
5391,brain tumour,38858272,Radiomics Analysis of Quantitative Maps from Synthetic MRI for Predicting Grades and Molecular Subtypes of Diffuse Gliomas.,"To investigate the feasibility of using radiomics analysis of quantitative maps from synthetic MRI to preoperatively predict diffuse glioma grades, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) subtypes, and 1p/19q codeletion status."
5392,brain tumour,38858260,Contrastive Learning vs. Self-Learning vs. Deformable Data Augmentation in Semantic Segmentation of Medical Images.,"To develop a robust segmentation model, encoding the underlying features/structures of the input data is essential to discriminate the target structure from the background. To enrich the extracted feature maps, contrastive learning and self-learning techniques are employed, particularly when the size of the training dataset is limited. In this work, we set out to investigate the impact of contrastive learning and self-learning on the performance of the deep learning-based semantic segmentation. To this end, three different datasets were employed used for brain tumor and hippocampus delineation from MR images (BraTS and Decathlon datasets, respectively) and kidney segmentation from CT images (Decathlon dataset). Since data augmentation techniques are also aimed at enhancing the performance of deep learning methods, a deformable data augmentation technique was proposed and compared with contrastive learning and self-learning frameworks. The segmentation accuracy for the three datasets was assessed with and without applying data augmentation, contrastive learning, and self-learning to individually investigate the impact of these techniques. The self-learning and deformable data augmentation techniques exhibited comparable performance with Dice indices of 0.913 ± 0.030 and 0.920 ± 0.022 for kidney segmentation, 0.890 ± 0.035 and 0.898 ± 0.027 for hippocampus segmentation, and 0.891 ± 0.045 and 0.897 ± 0.040 for lesion segmentation, respectively. These two approaches significantly outperformed the contrastive learning and the original model with Dice indices of 0.871 ± 0.039 and 0.868 ± 0.042 for kidney segmentation, 0.872 ± 0.045 and 0.865 ± 0.048 for hippocampus segmentation, and 0.870 ± 0.049 and 0.860 ± 0.058 for lesion segmentation, respectively. The combination of self-learning with deformable data augmentation led to a robust segmentation model with no outliers in the outcomes. This work demonstrated the beneficial impact of self-learning and deformable data augmentation on organ and lesion segmentation, where no additional training datasets are needed."
5393,brain tumour,38858238,Awake craniotomy with English and British sign language mapping in a patient with a left temporal glioblastoma reveals discordant speech-sign language maps.,"The aim of this case study was to describe differences in English and British Sign Language (BSL) communication caused by a left temporal tumour resulting in discordant presentation of symptoms, intraoperative stimulation mapping during awake craniotomy and post-operative language abilities. We report the first case of a hearing child of deaf adults, who acquired BSL with English as a second language. The patient presented with English word finding difficulty, phonemic paraphasias, and reading and writing challenges, with BSL preserved. Intraoperatively, object naming and semantic fluency tasks were performed in English and BSL, revealing differential language maps for each modality. Post-operative assessment confirmed mild dysphasia for English with BSL preserved. These findings suggest that in hearing people who acquire a signed language as a first language, topographical organisation may differ to that of a second, spoken, language."
5394,brain tumour,38858236,Diagnostics and treatment delay in primary central nervous system lymphoma: What the neurosurgeon should know.,"The gold standard for diagnostics in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is histopathological diagnosis after stereotactic biopsy. Yet, PCNSL has a multidisciplinary diagnostic work up, which associated with diagnostic delay and could result in treatment delay. This article offers recommendations to neurosurgeons involved in clinical decision-making regarding (novel) diagnostics and care for patients with PCNSL with the aim to improve uniformity and timeliness of the diagnostic process for patients with PCNSL."
5395,brain tumour,38858124,[Ectopic pituitary tumor of sphenoid sinus: a case report].,
5396,brain tumour,38858113,"[Clinical classification, staging and treatment strategy of radionecrosis of the nasopharynx and skull base].",
5397,brain tumour,38858096,Comparative Evaluation of Lower Gadolinium Doses for MR Imaging of Meningiomas: How Low Can We Go?,"Gadolinium-based contrast agents are widely used for meningioma imaging; however, concerns exist regarding their side effects, cost, and environmental impact. At the standard gadolinium dose, most meningiomas show avid contrast enhancement, suggesting that administering a smaller dose may be feasible. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a lower gadolinium dose on the differentiation between meningiomas and adjacent intracranial tissues."
5398,brain tumour,38858089,"Preclinical Systemic Pharmacokinetics, Dose Proportionality, and Central Nervous System Distribution of the ATM Inhibitor WSD0628, a Novel Radiosensitizer for the Treatment of Brain Tumors.","Radiation therapy, a standard treatment option for many cancer patients, induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), leading to cell death. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase is a key regulator of DSB repair, and ATM inhibitors are being explored as radiosensitizers for various tumors, including primary and metastatic brain tumors. Efficacy of radiosensitizers for brain tumors may be influenced by a lack of effective drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier. The objective of this study was to evaluate the systemic pharmacokinetics and mechanisms that influence the central nervous system (CNS) distribution of WSD0628, a novel and potent ATM inhibitor, in the mouse. Further, we have used these observations to form the basis of predicting effective exposures for clinical application. We observed a greater than dose proportional increase in exposure, likely due to saturation of clearance processes. Our results show that WSD0628 is orally bioavailable and CNS penetrant, with unbound partitioning in CNS (i.e., unbound tissue partition coefficient) between 0.15 and 0.3. CNS distribution is not limited by the efflux transporters P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistant protein. WSD0628 is distributed uniformly among different brain regions. Thus, WSD0628 has favorable pharmacokinetic properties and potential for further exploration to determine the pharmacodynamics-pharmacokinetics efficacy relationship in CNS tumors. This approach will provide critical insights for the clinical translation of WSD0628 for the treatment of primary and secondary brain tumors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study evaluates the preclinical systemic pharmacokinetics, dose proportionality, and mechanisms influencing CNS distribution of WSD0628, a novel ATM inhibitor for the treatment of brain tumors. Results indicate that WSD0628 is orally bioavailable and CNS penetrant without efflux transporter liability. We also observed a greater than dose proportional increase in exposure in both the plasma and brain. These favorable pharmacokinetic properties indicate WSD0628 has potential for further exploration for use as a radiosensitizer in the treatment of brain tumors."
5399,brain tumour,38857868,Ki67 Index Correlates with Tumoral Volumetry and 5-ALA Residual Fluorescence in Glioblastoma.,"Malignant gliomas are the most prevalent primary malignant cerebral tumors. Preoperative imaging plays an important role, and the prognosis is closely related to surgical resection and histomolecular aspects. Our goal was to correlate Ki67 indexes with tumoral volumetry in semiautomatic segmentation on preoperative magnetic resonance images and residual fluorescence in a 5-ALA-assisted resection cohort."
5400,brain tumour,38857866,"Genetic Biomarkers in Astrocytoma: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Potential.","Astrocytoma is the most common adult brain tumor, with glioblastoma being the deadliest neuro-related malignancy. Despite advances in oncology, the prognosis for astrocytoma, especially glioblastoma, remains poor, and tracking disease progression is challenging due to a lack of robust biomarkers. Genetic biomarkers, including microRNAs, cell-free DNA, circulating tumor DNA, circular RNA, and long noncoding RNA, can serve as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. In this review, we examine the existing literature, analyzing the various less established liquid and tumor genetic biomarkers and their potential to act as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets. We highlight the clinical challenges and limitations in implementing liquid biopsy strategies in clinical practice. The article discusses the potential of liquid biopsies as valuable tools for personalized astrocytoma management while emphasizing the need for standardized protocols and further advancements to establish their clinical utility and therapeutic application."
5401,brain tumour,38857864,Challenges and Opportunities in Awake Craniotomy for Brain Tumor Surgery in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review and Perspective.,"Low-income countries (LICs) and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) are presented with unique challenges and opportunities when performing awake craniotomy (AC) for brain tumors. These circumstances arise from factors that are financial, infrastructural, educational, personnel, and sociocultural in nature."
5402,brain tumour,38857836,"The USP10/13 inhibitor, spautin-1, attenuates the progression of glioblastoma by independently regulating RAF-ERK mediated glycolysis and SKP2.","Glioblastoma is a malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis. Though several dysregulated pathways were found to mediate the tumor progression, hyperactivation of RAS-RAF-ERK pathway, enhanced glycolysis and SKP2 are associated with several glioblastomas. Recent findings on the role of USP10 in the transition from pro-neural to mesenchymal subtype of glioblastoma and, USP13 in the stabilization of RAF1 in mouse embryonic stem cells prompted us to examine their role in the mechanisms mediating the progression of glioblastoma. In the present study, we have examined the role of spautin-1, a pharmacological inhibitor of USP10 and USP13 in the mechanisms mediating glioblastoma. Our results indicate that spautin-1 as well as knockdown of its downstream targets, USP10 and USP13, reduced the proliferation and migration of glioblastoma cells. Also, spautin-1 mediated inhibition of RAF-ERK pathway or inhibition of RAF1 and MEK1 per se reduced the glycolytic function via PKM2/Glut-1 and inhibited the progression of glioblastoma. Further, the protooncogene, SKP2, which was shown to be a direct target of USP10 /USP13 was also reduced by spautin-1. While inhibition of SKP2 enhanced its downstream target p21, no apparent changes in the RAF-ERK levels or glycolytic function were evident. Also, inhibition of MEK1 did not affect SKP2 levels, indicating that these two pathways act independent of each other. Overall, our findings indicate that spautin-1 by virtue of its inhibitory effects on USP10/13 counteracts RAS-RAF-ERK mediated glycolysis and SKP2 that are critical in the progression of glioblastoma. Hence, further preclinical validation is warranted for taking the present observations forward."
5403,brain tumour,38857832,P2X7 receptor antagonism by AZ10606120 significantly depletes glioblastoma cancer stem cells in vitro.,"Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and lethal primary brain malignancy with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Self-renewing glioblastoma cancer stem cells (GSCs) facilitate tumour progression, resistance to conventional treatment and tumour recurrence. GSCs are resistant to standard treatments. There is a need for novel treatment alternatives that effectively target GSCs. The purinergic P2X receptor 7 (P2X7R) is expressed in glioblastomas and has been implicated in disease pathogenesis. However, the roles of P2X7R have not been comprehensively elucidated in conventional treatment-resistant GSCs. This study characterised P2X7R channel and pore function and investigated the effect of pharmacological P2X7R inhibition in GSCs. Immunofluorescence and live cell fluorescent dye uptake experiments revealed P2X7R expression, and channel and pore function in GSCs. Treatment of GSCs with the P2X7R antagonist, AZ10606120 (AZ), for 72 hours significantly reduced GSC numbers, compared to untreated cells. When compared with the effect of the first-line conventional chemotherapy, temozolomide (TMZ), GSCs treated with AZ had significantly lower cell numbers than TMZ-treated cultures, while TMZ treatment alone did not significantly deplete GSC numbers compared to the control. AZ treatment also induced significant lactate dehydrogenase release by GSCs, indicative of treatment-induced cytotoxic cell death. There were no significant differences in the expression of apoptotic markers, Annexin V and cleaved caspase-3, between AZ-treated cells and the control. Collectively, this study reveals for the first time functional P2X7R channel and pore in GSCs and significant GSC depletion following P2X7R inhibition by AZ. These results indicate that P2X7R inhibition may be a novel therapeutic alternative for glioblastoma, with effectiveness against GSCs resistant to conventional chemotherapy."
5404,brain tumour,38857789,Mechanistic insights into medulloblastoma relapse.,"Pediatric brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children, with medulloblastoma (MB) being the most common type. A better understanding of these malignancies has led to their classification into four major molecular subgroups. This classification not only facilitates the stratification of clinical trials, but also the development of more effective therapies. Despite recent progress, approximately 30% of children diagnosed with MB experience tumor relapse. Recurrent disease in MB is often metastatic and responds poorly to current therapies. As a result, only a small subset of patients with recurrent MB survive beyond one year. Due to its dismal prognosis, novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing or managing recurrent disease are urgently needed. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind treatment failure in MB, as well as those characterizing recurrent cases. We also propose avenues for how these findings can be used to better inform personalized medicine approaches for the treatment of newly diagnosed and recurrent MB. Lastly, we discuss the treatments currently being evaluated for MB patients, with special emphasis on those targeting MB by subgroup at diagnosis and relapse."
5405,brain tumour,38857757,Protective effects of fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibition in UVB-activated microglia.,"Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders that has been extensively studied in recent years. Microglia, the primary immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are key players in this physiological process, demonstrating a remarkable adaptability in responding to various stimuli in the eye and the brain. Within the complex network of neuroinflammatory signals, the fatty acid N-ethanolamines, in particular N-arachidonylethanolamine (anandamide, AEA), emerged as crucial regulators of microglial activity under both physiological and pathological states. In this study, we interrogated for the first time the impact of the signaling of these bioactive lipids on microglial cell responses to a sub-lethal acute UVB radiation, a physical stressor responsible of microglia reactivity in either the retina or the brain. To this end, we developed an in vitro model using mouse microglial BV-2 cells. Upon 24 h of UVB exposure, BV-2 cells showed elevated oxidative stress markers and, cyclooxygenase (COX-2) expression, enhanced phagocytic and chemotactic activities, along with an altered immune profiling. Notably, UVB exposure led to a selective increase in expression and activity of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the main enzyme responsible for degradation of fatty acid ethanolamides. Pharmacological FAAH inhibition via URB597 counteracted the effects of UVB exposure, decreasing tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) release and reverting reactive oxidative species (ROS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels to the control levels. Our findings support the potential of enhanced fatty acid amide signaling in mitigating UVB-induced cellular damage, paving the way to further exploration of these lipids in light-induced immune responses."
5406,brain tumour,38857714,LINC00894 inhibited neuron cellular apoptosis and regulated activating transcription factor 3 expression.,"LINC00894 may be associated with synaptic function, but its biology function in neural cells is still unknown. In this study, LINC00894 knockdown decreased the EdU incorporated into newly synthesized DNA and cell viability in MTT or CCK-8 assay in HEK-293T and BE(2)-M17 (M17) neuroblastoma cells. And LINC00894 knockdown increased cellular apoptosis in Annexin V-FITC staining, the expression of activated Caspase3 and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) both in HEK-293T and M17 cells. Moreover, LINC00894 also protected cells from hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis in in vitro models. Utilizing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) integrated with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunoblot, we identified that LINC00894 affected activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) expression in HEK-293T, M17, and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Finally, we found that ectopic expression of ATF3 restored cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis in LINC00894 downregulated M17 cells. While knockdown of ATF3 also significantly increased the cell viability inhibition and apoptosis promotion induced by LINC00894 knockdown in M17 cells. Our results from in vitro models revealed that LINC00894 could promote neuronal cell proliferation and inhibit cellular apoptosis by affecting ATF3 expression."
5407,brain tumour,38857699,Long-term outcomes following proton therapy for non-metastatic central nervous system germinoma in children and adolescents.,Radiation is a key component in the treatment of central nervous system pure germinoma (PG) in children and adolescents. Proton therapy (PT) improves normal tissue sparing and potentially reduces adverse effects (AE). The aim of this study was to present the largest single institution experience utilizing PT for the management of PG.
5408,brain tumour,38857465,Extraction of Unstructured Electronic Health Records to Evaluate Glioblastoma Treatment Patterns.,"Data on lines of therapy (LOTs) for cancer treatment are important for clinical oncology research, but LOTs are not explicitly recorded in electronic health records (EHRs). We present an efficient approach for clinical data abstraction and a flexible algorithm to derive LOTs from EHR-based medication data on patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)."
5409,brain tumour,38857306,CRISPRi screen of long non-coding RNAs identifies LINC03045 regulating glioblastoma invasion.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) invasion studies have focused on coding genes, while few studies evaluate long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), transcripts without protein-coding potential, for role in GBM invasion. We leveraged CRISPR-interference (CRISPRi) to evaluate invasive function of GBM-associated lncRNAs in an unbiased functional screen, characterizing and exploring the mechanism of identified candidates."
5410,brain tumour,38857198,A 55-Year-Old Woman Presenting with a Second Diagnosis of Craniopharyngioma Following Diagnosis and Successful Treatment of Craniopharyngioma as a 5-Year-Old Child.,"BACKGROUND Craniopharyngioma is a rare, partly cystic embryonic malformation of the sellar and parasellar region and is usually benign. This report is of a 55-year-old woman presenting with a second diagnosis of craniopharyngioma following diagnosis and successful treatment of craniopharyngioma as a 5-year-old child. CASE REPORT Our patient was diagnosed with craniopharyngioma at age 5 when she presented with headaches accompanied by nausea and vomiting, decreased visual acuity, polyurea, and polydipsia for 6 months. She was found to have diplopia and grade II papilledema. A skull X-ray showed separation of the sutures and a calcified mass in the suprasellar region. A pneumoencephalogram showed extension of the tumor into the third ventricle. Surgery was performed via transcallosal approach followed by radiotherapy at 5000 rays. She was followed up clinically and radiologically and had been disease-free until age 55, when she presented with headache and facial numbness. On examination, she had right-eye Horner syndrome, decreased sensation in the right side of the face, diplopia, and grade 2 facial palsy. An MRI revealed interval significant recurrence of the craniopharyngioma at the sellar/suprasellar mass with extension to the right Meckel's cave and the right posterior fossa. On April 6, 2023, she underwent surgical resection through a right-sided craniotomy and Kawase approach. This was followed by CyberKnife radiation therapy. CONCLUSIONS This report has presented a rare recurrence of craniopharyngioma with a 50-year interval and has highlighted the challenges in the diagnosis and the multidisciplinary approach to patient diagnosis and management."
5411,brain tumour,38857191,Astroblastoma With a Novel YAP1::BEND2 Fusion: A Case Report.,"In the most recent fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, astroblastoma has been defined by molecular rearrangements involving the MN1 gene, with common partners being BEND2 or CXXC5 . Accordingly, this tumor entity is now known as ""astroblastoma, MN1 -altered."" However, gliomas with EWSR1::BEND2 fusions, devoid of MN1 fusion alterations, have recently been shown to exhibit astroblastoma-like histomorphologic features and reside in a distinct epigenetic subgroup based on DNA methylation studies similar to high-grade neuroepithelial tumor with MN1 alteration, which includes astroblastoma, MN1 altered tumors. This new epigenetically distinct subtype of astroblastoma containing EWSR1::BEND2 fusions lacks the required MN1 alteration and, thus, does not satisfy the current molecular classification of these lesions. Here, we describe a case of glioma with histologic features and DNA methylation profiling consistent with astroblastoma with a novel YAP1: : BEND2 fusion. This case and others further expand the molecular findings observable in astroblastoma-like tumors outside the constraints of MN1 alteration. Such cases of astroblastoma with EWSR1::BEND2 and YAP1::BEND2 fusions challenge the current molecular classification of astroblastoma based solely on an MN1 alteration."
5412,brain tumour,38856747,Interaction of NF-κB and FOSL1 drives glioma stemness.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor; GBM's inevitable recurrence suggests that glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) allow these tumors to persist. Our previous work showed that FOSL1, transactivated by the STAT3 gene, functions as a tumorigenic gene in glioma pathogenesis and acts as a diagnostic marker and potential drug target in glioma patients. Accumulating evidence shows that STAT3 and NF-κB cooperate to promote the development and progression of various cancers. The link between STAT3 and NF-κB suggests that NF-κB can also transcriptionally regulate FOSL1 and contribute to gliomagenesis. To investigate downstream molecules of FOSL1, we analyzed the transcriptome after overexpressing FOSL1 in a PDX-L14 line characterized by deficient FOSL1 expression. We then conducted immunohistochemical staining for FOSL1 and NF-κB p65 using rabbit polyclonal anti-FOSL1 and NF-κB p65 in glioma tissue microarrays (TMA) derived from 141 glioma patients and 15 healthy individuals. Next, mutants of the human FOSL1 promoter, featuring mutations in essential binding sites for NF-κB were generated using a Q5 site-directed mutagenesis kit. Subsequently, we examined luciferase activity in glioma cells and compared it to the wild-type FOSL1 promoter. Then, we explored the mutual regulation between NF-κB signaling and FOSL1 by modulating the expression of NF-κB or FOSL1. Subsequently, we assessed the activity of FOSL1 and NF-κB. To understand the role of FOSL1 in cell growth and stemness, we conducted a CCK-8 assay and cell cycle analysis, assessing apoptosis and GSC markers, ALDH1, and CD133 under varying FOSL1 expression conditions. Transcriptome analyses of downstream molecules of FOSL1 show that NF-κB signaling pathway is regulated by FOSL1. NF-κB p65 protein expression correlates to the expression of FOSL1 in glioma patients, and both are associated with glioma grades. NF-κB is a crucial transcription factor activating the FOSL1 promoter in glioma cells. Mutual regulation between NF-κB and FOSL1 contributes to glioma tumorigenesis and stemness through promoting G1/S transition and inhibiting apoptosis. Therefore, the FOSL1 molecular pathway is functionally connected to NF-κB activation, enhances stemness, and is indicative that FOSL1 may potentially be a novel GBM drug target."
5413,brain tumour,38856743,The occipital interhemispheric transtentorial approach in infants and toddlers: efficacy and complications.,"Outcomes for pineal region and superior cerebellar tumors in young children often hinge on extent of microsurgical resection, and thus choosing an approach that provides adequate visualization of pathology is essential. The occipital interhemispheric transtentorial (OITT) approach provides excellent exposure while minimizing cerebellar retraction. However, this approach has not been widely accepted as a viable option for very young children due to concerns for potential blood loss when incising the tentorium. The aim of this paper is to characterize our recent institutional experience with the occipital interhemispheric transtentorial approach (OITT) for tumor resection in infants and toddlers."
5414,brain tumour,38856710,Epigenetic Induction of Cancer-Testis Antigens and Endogenous Retroviruses at Single-Cell Level Enhances Immune Recognition and Response in Glioma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor and remains incurable. Previous work has shown that systemic administration of Decitabine (DAC) induces sufficient expression of cancer-testis antigens (CTA) in GBM for targeting by adoptive T-cell therapy in vivo. However, the mechanisms by which DAC enhances immunogenicity in GBM remain to be elucidated. Using New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) as a representative inducible CTA, we demonstrate in patient tissue, immortalized glioma cells, and primary patient-derived gliomaspheres that basal CTA expression is restricted by promoter hypermethylation in gliomas. DAC treatment of glioma cells specifically inhibits DNA methylation silencing to render NY-ESO-1 and other CTA into inducible tumor antigens at single-cell resolution. Functionally, NY-ESO-1 T-cell receptor-engineered effector cell targeting of DAC-induced antigen in primary glioma cells promotes specific and polyfunctional T-cell cytokine profiles. In addition to induction of CTA, DAC concomitantly reactivates tumor-intrinsic human endogenous retroviruses, interferon response signatures, and MHC-I. Overall, we demonstrate that DAC induces targetable tumor antigen and enhances T-cell functionality against GBM, ultimately contributing to the improvement of targeted immune therapies in glioma."
5415,brain tumour,38856584,Tumor growth in recurrent glioblastoma-RANO: when to plan the baseline scan?,No abstract found
5416,brain tumour,38855871,Cytomegalovirus infection lengthens the cell cycle of granule cell precursors during postnatal cerebellar development.,"Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in infants infected in utero can lead to a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, mechanisms underlying altered neurodevelopment in infected infants remain poorly understood. We have previously described a murine model of congenital HCMV infection in which murine CMV (MCMV) spreads hematogenously and establishes a focal infection in all regions of the brain of newborn mice, including the cerebellum. Infection resulted in disruption of cerebellar cortical development characterized by reduced cerebellar size and foliation. This disruption was associated with altered cell cycle progression of the granule cell precursors (GCPs), which are the progenitors that give rise to granule cells (GCs), the most abundant neurons in the cerebellum. In the current study, we have demonstrated that MCMV infection leads to prolonged GCP cell cycle, premature exit from the cell cycle, and reduced numbers of GCs resulting in cerebellar hypoplasia. Treatment with TNF-α neutralizing antibody partially normalized the cell cycle alterations of GCPs and altered cerebellar morphogenesis induced by MCMV infection. Collectively, our results argue that virus-induced inflammation altered the cell cycle of GCPs resulting in a reduced numbers of GCs and cerebellar cortical hypoplasia, thus providing a potential mechanism for altered neurodevelopment in fetuses infected with HCMV."
5417,brain tumour,38855235,CVG-Net: novel transfer learning based deep features for diagnosis of brain tumors using MRI scans.,"Brain tumors present a significant medical challenge, demanding accurate and timely diagnosis for effective treatment planning. These tumors disrupt normal brain functions in various ways, giving rise to a broad spectrum of physical, cognitive, and emotional challenges. The daily increase in mortality rates attributed to brain tumors underscores the urgency of this issue. In recent years, advanced medical imaging techniques, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have emerged as indispensable tools for diagnosing brain tumors. Brain MRI scans provide high-resolution, non-invasive visualization of brain structures, facilitating the precise detection of abnormalities such as tumors. This study aims to propose an effective neural network approach for the timely diagnosis of brain tumors. Our experiments utilized a multi-class MRI image dataset comprising 21,672 images related to glioma tumors, meningioma tumors, and pituitary tumors. We introduced a novel neural network-based feature engineering approach, combining 2D convolutional neural network (2DCNN) and VGG16. The resulting 2DCNN-VGG16 network (CVG-Net) extracted spatial features from MRI images using 2DCNN and VGG16 without human intervention. The newly created hybrid feature set is then input into machine learning models to diagnose brain tumors. We have balanced the multi-class MRI image features data using the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) approach. Extensive research experiments demonstrate that utilizing the proposed CVG-Net, the k-neighbors classifier outperformed state-of-the-art studies with a k-fold accuracy performance score of 0.96. We also applied hyperparameter tuning to enhance performance for multi-class brain tumor diagnosis. Our novel proposed approach has the potential to revolutionize early brain tumor diagnosis, providing medical professionals with a cost-effective and timely diagnostic mechanism."
5418,brain tumour,38854952,Neuroprotective effects of anti-TRAIL-ICG nanoagent and its multimodal imaging evaluation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.,"Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a major challenge to neuronal survival in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, effective neuroprotective agents remain to be developed for the treatment of CIRI. In this work, we have developed an Anti-TRAIL protein-modified and indocyanine green (ICG)-responsive nanoagent (Anti-TRAIL-ICG) to target ischemic areas and then reduce CIRI and rescue the ischemic penumbra. "
5419,brain tumour,38854216,Bioinformatic Analysis of Gene Expression Related to Sialic Acid Biosynthesis in Patients With Medulloblastoma.,"Background Sialic acid, a critical component for cell membrane integrity, undergoes complex biosynthesis involving enzymes like sialyltransferases (STs), impacting cancer progression. Aberrant sialylation by STs is implicated in cancer growth, invasion, and therapy resistance. Medulloblastoma (MB), a pediatric brain tumor with distinct subgroups and variable genetic alterations, poses uncertainty regarding the implications of sialylation. Methodology This study employs bioinformatic analyses on bulk and single-cell RNA-sequenced samples to explore atypical gene expressions linked to sialic acid metabolism in MB. A list of sialic biosynthesis-related genes was compiled using the STRING database. Data of MB samples from bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing were obtained from open-source repositories and were differentially analyzed, focusing on molecular subgroups (WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4). The study employed survival analyses, specifically Cox regression, to analyze the overall survival (OS) data obtained through bulk RNA sequencing. Results Thirty-eight genes/proteins related to sialic acid metabolism were identified. Differential expression analysis between WNT and Group 3 and WNT and Group 4 revealed significant differences in seven and eleven genes, respectively, with consistent ST6GAL2 expression disparities (false discovery rate [FDR] "
5420,brain tumour,38854127,Ultra-Rapid Droplet Digital PCR Enables Intraoperative Tumor Quantification.,"The diagnosis and treatment of tumors often depends on molecular-genetic data. However, rapid and iterative access to molecular data is not currently feasible during surgery, complicating intraoperative diagnosis and precluding measurement of tumor cell burdens at surgical margins to guide resections. To address this gap, we developed Ultra-Rapid droplet digital PCR (UR-ddPCR), which can be completed in 15 minutes from tissue to result with an accuracy comparable to standard ddPCR. We demonstrate UR-ddPCR assays for the IDH1 R132H and BRAF V600E clonal mutations that are present in many low-grade gliomas and melanomas, respectively. We illustrate the clinical feasibility of UR-ddPCR by performing it intraoperatively for 13 glioma cases. We further combine UR-ddPCR measurements with UR-stimulated Raman histology intraoperatively to estimate tumor cell densities in addition to tumor cell percentages. We anticipate that UR-ddPCR, along with future refinements in assay instrumentation, will enable novel point-of-care diagnostics and the development of molecularly-guided surgeries that improve clinical outcomes."
5421,brain tumour,38854109,Aggressive high-grade NF2 mutant meningiomas downregulate oncogenic YAP signaling via the upregulation of VGLL4 and FAT3/4.,"Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. Although generally benign, a subset of meningiomas is of higher grade, shows aggressive growth behavior and recurs even after multiple surgeries. Around half of all meningiomas harbor inactivating mutations in NF2. While benign low-grade NF2 mutant meningiomas exhibit few genetic events in addition to NF2 inactivation, aggressive high-grade NF2 mutant meningiomas frequently harbor a highly aberrant genome. We and others have previously shown that NF2 inactivation leads to YAP1 activation and that YAP1 acts as the pivotal oncogenic driver in benign NF2 mutant meningiomas. Using bulk and single-cell RNA-Seq data from a large cohort of human meningiomas, we show that aggressive NF2 mutant meningiomas harbor decreased levels YAP1 activity compared to their benign counterparts. Decreased expression levels of YAP target genes are significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrence. We then identify the increased expression of the YAP1 competitor VGLL4 as well as the YAP1 upstream regulators FAT3/4 as a potential mechanism for the downregulation of YAP activity in aggressive NF2 mutant meningiomas. High expression of these genes is significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrence. In vitro, overexpression of VGLL4 resulted in the downregulation of YAP activity in benign NF2 mutant meningioma cells, confirming the direct link between VGLL4 expression and decreased levels of YAP activity observed in aggressive NF2 mutant meningiomas. Our results shed new insight on the biology of benign and aggressive NF2 mutant meningiomas and may have important implications for the efficacy of therapies targeting oncogenic YAP1 activity in NF2 mutant meningiomas."
5422,brain tumour,38854085,Auto-loaded TRAIL-exosomes derived from induced neural stem cells for brain cancer therapy.,"Transdifferentiation (TD), a somatic cell reprogramming process that eliminates pluripotent intermediates, creates cells that are ideal for personalized anti-cancer therapy. Here, we provide the first evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from TD-derived induced neural stem cells (Exo-iNSCs) are an efficacious treatment strategy for brain cancer. We found that genetically engineered iNSCs generated EVs loaded with the tumoricidal gene product TRAIL at nearly twice the rate as their parental fibroblasts, and the TRAIL produced by iNSCs were naturally loaded into the lumen of EVs and arrayed across their outer membrane (Exo-iNSC-TRAIL). Uptake studies in "
5423,brain tumour,38853740,[Long-term response to second-line treatment with sacituzumab govitecan in a patient affected by brain disease and early relpased TNBC.].,"The higher frequency of metastasization and poor prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer require suitable expertise in order to set up an appropriate and effective treatment plan for these patients. Our case describes the clinical history of a 63-year-old BRCA1/2 wild-type woman with excellent ECOG performance status and advanced PD-L1 negative breast cancer with brain, nodal and hepatic metastases. When occurred the brain progression within one year from neoadjuvant chemotherapy for a locally advanced tumor, the patient was treated with brain stereotaxis and a systemic platinum-based therapy that was not completed due to poor tolerance. Later instrumental examinations confirmed a new systemic and visceral progression, for which the patient underwent new therapy with sacituzumab govitecan (SG). During this treatment, we observed a reduction of the target liver and nodal lesions. The onset after several months of two very small cortico-subcortical metastases, on which stereotactic radiotherapy was performed, did not lead us to discontinuate the treatment, that was ongoing for another six months, with an excellent control both of brain and systemic disease without any symptoms, until a new disease progression at other sites requiring a therapeutic change. The use of antibody-drug conjugates allowed a significant prolongation of time to progression and overall survival in our clinical scenario characterized by poor prognosis due to early recurrence and brain involvement."
5424,brain tumour,38853689,Targeting IGF2 to reprogram the tumor microenvironment for enhanced viro-immunotherapy.,"The FDA approval of oncolytic herpes simplex-1 virus (oHSV) therapy underscores its therapeutic promise and safety as a cancer immunotherapy. Despite this promise, the current efficacy of oHSV is significantly limited to a small subset of patients largely due to the resistance in tumor and tumor microenvironment (TME)."
5425,brain tumour,38853198,Diaphragm reconstruction using a TachoSil patch as alternative to intrasellar packing for small focal diaphragm defects in pituitary surgery: a cohort study.,"During pituitary surgery, CSF leaks are often treated by intrasellar packing, using muscle or fat grafts. However, this strategy may interfere with the interpretation of postoperative MRI and may impact the quality of resection in cases of second surgery, due to the existence of additional fibrous tissue. We present an alternative technique, using a diaphragm reconstruction with a heterologous sponge combining fibrinogen and thrombin (TachoSil), applied in selected patients with low-flow CSF leaks. This study investigates the surgical outcome of patients treated with this strategy."
5426,brain tumour,38853158,A deep image classification model based on prior feature knowledge embedding and application in medical diagnosis.,"Aiming at the problem of image classification with insignificant morphological structural features, strong target correlation, and low signal-to-noise ratio, combined with prior feature knowledge embedding, a deep learning method based on ResNet and Radial Basis Probabilistic Neural Network (RBPNN) is proposed model. Taking ResNet50 as a visual modeling network, it uses feature pyramid and self-attention mechanism to extract appearance and semantic features of images at multiple scales, and associate and enhance local and global features. Taking into account the diversity of category features, channel cosine similarity attention and dynamic C-means clustering algorithms are used to select representative sample features in different category of sample subsets to implicitly express prior category feature knowledge, and use them as the kernel centers of radial basis probability neurons (RBPN) to realize the embedding of diverse prior feature knowledge. In the RBPNN pattern aggregation layer, the outputs of RBPN are selectively summed according to the category of the kernel center, that is, the subcategory features are combined into category features, and finally the image classification is implemented based on Softmax. The functional module of the proposed method is designed specifically for image characteristics, which can highlight the significance of local and structural features of the image, form a non-convex decision-making area, and reduce the requirements for the completeness of the sample set. Applying the proposed method to medical image classification, experiments were conducted based on the brain tumor MRI image classification public dataset and the actual cardiac ultrasound image dataset, and the accuracy rate reached 85.82% and 83.92% respectively. Compared with the three mainstream image classification models, the performance indicators of this method have been significantly improved."
5427,brain tumour,38853073,Future perspectives on engineered T cells for cancer.,"Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a revolutionary treatment for hematological malignancies, but its adaptation to solid tumors is impeded by multiple challenges, particularly T cell dysfunction and exhaustion. The heterogeneity and inhospitableness of the solid tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to diminished CAR T cell efficacy exhibited by reduced cytotoxicity, proliferation, cytokine secretion, and the upregulation of inhibitory receptors, similar to the phenotype of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). In this review, we highlight recent advances in T cell therapy for solid tumors, particularly brain cancer. Innovative strategies, including locoregional delivery and 'armoring' CAR T cells with cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-18, are under investigation to improve efficacy and safety. We also highlight emerging issues with toxicity management of CAR T cell adverse events. This review discusses the obstacles associated with CAR T cell therapy in the context of solid tumors and outlines current and future strategies to overcome these challenges."
5428,brain tumour,38852945,RET overexpression leads to increased brain metastatic competency in luminal breast cancer.,"Breast cancer brain metastasis is a rising occurrence, necessitating a better understanding of the mechanisms involved for effective management. Breast cancer brain metastases diverge notably from the primary tumor, with gains in kinase and concomitant losses of steroid signaling observed. In this study, we explored the role of the kinase receptor RET in promoting breast cancer brain metastases and provide a rationale for targeting this receptor."
5429,brain tumour,38852713,Sir William Macewen (1848-1924): Pioneering the Field of Neurosurgery with Early Breakthroughs in Tumor Resection.,"Sir William Macewen, a Scottish surgeon, made significant contributions to neurosurgery, beginning with his successful brain tumor resection in 1879. Born in 1848, Macewen's upbringing in a maritime family fostered a practical approach to learning. Macewen's pivotal brain tumor surgery demonstrated his adherence to antiseptic practices and precise localization techniques. Controversy arose regarding his precedence in neurosurgery, which he addressed through meticulous documentation and public presentations. His diagnostic prowess extended to cases of cerebral abscesses and intracranial conditions, relying on clinical observations rather than imaging technology. His 1893 monograph on brain infections remains influential in neurosurgery. Beyond neurosurgery, Macewen was innovative in asepsis, hernia repair, and bone surgery. His legacy as a clinical educator and advocate for surgical advancements earned him widespread recognition. This historical review aimed to explore and evaluate the published literature regarding Macewen's early brain tumor surgeries, seeking to establish his precedence over later surgeons including Godlee and Bennett."
5430,brain tumour,38852701,Dual inhibition of the TrkA and JAK2 pathways using entrectinib and pacritinib suppresses the growth and metastasis of HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancers.,"HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are difficult to treat and associated with poor prognosis. Despite showing initial response, HER2-positive breast cancers often acquire resistance to HER2-targeted therapies, and TNBC lack effective therapies. To overcome these clinical challenges, we evaluated the therapeutic utility of co-targeting TrkA and JAK2/STAT3 pathways in these breast cancer subtypes. Here, we report the novel combination of FDA-approved TrkA inhibitors (Entrectinib or Larotrectinib) and JAK2 inhibitors (Pacritinib or Ruxolitinib) synergistically inhibited in vitro growth of HER2-positive breast cancer cells and TNBC cells. The Entrectinib-Pacritinib combination inhibited the breast cancer stem cell subpopulation, reduced expression of stemness genes, SOX2 and MYC, and induced apoptosis. The Entrectinib-Pacritinib combination suppressed orthotopic growth of HER2-positive Trastuzumab-refractory breast cancer xenografts and basal patient-derived xenograft (PDXs), reduced tumoral SOX2 and MYC, and induced apoptosis in both mouse models. The Entrectinib-Pacritinib combination inhibited overall metastatic burden, and brain and bone metastases of intracardially inoculated TNBC cells without toxicity. Together, our results demonstrate for the first time that co-inhibition of TrkA and JAK2 synergistically suppresses breast cancer growth and metastasis, thereby providing preclinical evidence that supports future clinical evaluations."
5431,brain tumour,38852653,"Hsa_circ_0049472 contributed to amyloid-beta peptide-induced neurotoxicity, apoptosis and inflammation via regulating PI3K-AKT signaling pathway by interacting with miR-22-3p/ZNF217 axis.","Circular RNAs (circRNAs) exhibited important roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we focused on the dysregulation of hsa_circ_0049472 (circ_0049472) and potential functions in SK-N-SH cells with amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) treatment in AD."
5432,brain tumour,38852645,5-Phenyl valeric acid attenuates α-synuclein aggregation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease rats: A molecular mechanistic study.,"The abnormal accumulation of fibrillar α-synuclein in the substantia nigra contributes to Parkinson's disease (PD). Chemical chaperones like 4-phenyl butyric acid (4PBA) show neuroprotective potential, but high doses are required. A derivative, 5-phenyl valeric acid (5PVA), has reported therapeutic potential for PD by reducing Pael-R expression. This study assessed 5PVA's efficacy in PD animals and its molecular mechanism. In vitro studies revealed 5PVA's anti-aggregation ability against alpha-synuclein and neuroprotective effects on SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to rotenone. PD-like symptoms were induced in SD rats with rotenone, followed by 5PVA treatment at 100 mg/kg and 130 mg/kg. Behavioral analysis showed significant improvement in memory and motor activity with 5PVA administration. Histopathological studies demonstrated normal neuronal histoarchitecture in mid-brain tissue sections of 5PVA-treated animals compared to the PD group. mRNA studies revealed significant suppression in the expression of various protein folding and heat-shock protein markers in the 5PVA-treated group. In conclusion, 5PVA, with its anti-aggregation ability against alpha-synuclein, acts as a chemical chaperone, showing potential as a therapeutic candidate for PD treatment."
5433,brain tumour,38852642,"Insight into the structure, function and the tumor suppression effect of gasdermin E.","Gasdermin E (GSDME), which is also known as DFNA5, was first identified as a deafness-related gene that is expressed in cochlear hair cells, and mutation of this gene causes autosomal dominant neurogenic hearing loss. Later studies revealed that GSDME is mostly expressed in the kidney, placenta, muscle and brain cells, but it is expressed at low levels in tumor cells. The GSDME gene encodes the GSDME protein, which is a member of the gasdermin (GSDM) family and has been shown to participate in the induction of apoptosis and pyroptosis. The current literature suggests that Caspase-3 and Granzyme B (Gzm B) can cleave GSDME to generate the active N-terminal fragment (GSDME-NT), which integrates with the cell membrane and forms pores in this membrane to induce pyroptosis. Furthermore, GSDME also forms pores in mitochondrial membranes to release apoptosis factors, such as cytochrome c (Cyt c) and high-temperature requirement protein A2 (HtrA2/Omi), and subsequently activates the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. In recent years, GSDME has been shown to exert tumor-suppressive effects, suggesting that it has potential therapeutic effects on tumors. In this review, we introduce the structure and function of GSDME and the mechanism by which it induces cell death, and we discuss its tumor suppressive effect."
5434,brain tumour,38852588,Risk Factors for Pediatric Intracranial Neoplasms in the Kids' Inpatient Database.,"In children and adolescents, brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the leading types of cancers. Past studies have found differing rates of intracranial cancers among races and identified additional cancer risk factors. This study aimed to see if these differences can be substantiated with further investigation of the latest version (2019) of the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID)."
5435,brain tumour,38852505,SMARCC2 silencing suppresses oncogenic activation through modulation of chromatin accessibility in breast cancer.,"SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes play a key role in gene transcription as epigenetic regulators and are typically considered to act as tumor suppressors in cancers. Compared to other cancer-related components of the SWI/SNF complex, research on SMARCC2, a component of the initial BAF core, has been relatively limited. This study aimed to elucidate the role of SMARCC2 in breast cancer by employing various in vitro and in vivo methods including cell proliferation assays, mammosphere formation, and xenograft models, complemented by RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and ChIP analyses. The results showed that SMARCC2 silencing surprisingly led to the suppression of breast tumorigenesis, indicating a pro-tumorigenic function for SMARCC2 in breast cancer, which contrasts with the roles of other SWI/SNF subunits. In addition, SMARCC2 depletion reduces cancer stem cell features of breast cancer cells. Mechanistic study showed that SMARCC2 silencing downregulated the oncogenic Ras-PI3K signaling pathway, likely by directly regulating the chromatin accessibility of the enhancers of the key genes such as PIK3CB. Together, these results expand our understanding of the SWI/SNF complex's role in cancer development and identify SMARCC2 as a promising new target for breast cancer therapies."
5436,brain tumour,38852384,Numerical simulation of neural excitation during brain tumor ablation by microsecond pulses.,"Replacing monopolar pulse with bipolar pulses of the same energized time can minimize unnecessary neurological side effects during irreversible electroporation (IRE). An improved neural excitation model that considers dynamic conductivity and thermal effects during brain tumor IRE ablation was proposed for the first time in this study. Nerve fiber excitation during IRE ablation by applying a monopolar pulse (100 μs) and a burst of bipolar pulses (energized time of 100 μs with both the sub-pulse length and interphase delay of 1 μs) was investigated. Our results suggest that both thermal effects and dynamic conductivity change the onset time of action potential (AP), and dynamic conductivity also changes the hyperpolarization amplitude. Considering both thermal effects and dynamic conductivity, the hyperpolarization amplitude in nerve fibers located 2 cm from the tumor center was reduced by approximately 23.8 mV and the onset time of AP was delayed by approximately 17.5 μs when a 500 V monopolar pulse was applied. Moreover, bipolar pulses decreased the excitable volume of brain tissue by approximately 68.8 % compared to monopolar pulse. Finally, bipolar pulses cause local excitation with lesser damage to surrounding healthy tissue in complete tumor ablation, demonstrating the potential benefits of bipolar pulses in brain tissue ablation."
5437,brain tumour,38852324,A ratiometric SERS strategy for the prediction of cancer cell proportion and guidance of glioma surgical resection.,"Rapid and accurate identification of tumor boundaries is critical for the cure of glioma, but it is difficult due to the invasive nature of glioma cells. This paper aimed to explore a rapid diagnostic strategy based on a label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique for the quantitative detection of glioma cell proportion intraoperatively. With silver nanoparticles as substrate, an in-depth SERS analysis was performed on simulated clinical samples containing normal brain tissue and different concentrations of patient-derived glioma cells. The results revealed two universal characteristic peaks of 655 and 717 cm"
5438,brain tumour,38852314,A comprehensive survey on the use of deep learning techniques in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma, characterized as a grade 4 astrocytoma, stands out as the most aggressive brain tumor, often leading to dire outcomes. The challenge of treating glioblastoma is exacerbated by the convergence of genetic mutations and disruptions in gene expression, driven by alterations in epigenetic mechanisms. The integration of artificial intelligence, inclusive of machine learning algorithms, has emerged as an indispensable asset in medical analyses. AI is becoming a necessary tool in medicine and beyond. Current research on Glioblastoma predominantly revolves around non-omics data modalities, prominently including magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. Nonetheless, the assimilation of omic data-encompassing gene expression through transcriptomics and epigenomics-offers pivotal insights into patients' conditions. These insights, reciprocally, hold significant value in refining diagnoses, guiding decision- making processes, and devising efficacious treatment strategies. This survey's core objective encompasses a comprehensive exploration of noteworthy applications of machine learning methodologies in the domain of glioblastoma, alongside closely associated research pursuits. The study accentuates the deployment of artificial intelligence techniques for both non-omics and omics data, encompassing a range of tasks. Furthermore, the survey underscores the intricate challenges posed by the inherent heterogeneity of Glioblastoma, delving into strategies aimed at addressing its multifaceted nature."
5439,brain tumour,38852279,Exosomal mRNA Cargo are biomarkers of tumor and immune cell populations in pediatric osteosarcoma.,"Osteosarcoma is the commonest malignant bone tumor of children and adolescents and is characterized by a high risk of recurrence despite multimodal therapy, especially in metastatic disease. This suggests the presence of clinically undetected cancer cells that persist, leading to cancer recurrence. We sought to evaluate the utility of peripheral blood exosomes as a more sensitive yet minimally invasive blood test that could aid in evaluating treatment response and surveillance for potential disease recurrence. We extracted exosomes from the blood of pediatric osteosarcoma patients at diagnosis (n=7) and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n=5 subset), as well as from age-matched cancer-free controls (n=3). We also obtained matched tumor biopsy samples (n=7) from the cases. Exosome isolation was verified by CD9 immunoblot and characterized on electron microscopy. Profiles of 780 cancer-related transcripts were analysed in mRNA from exosomes of osteosarcoma patients at diagnosis and control patients, matched post-chemotherapy samples, and matched primary tumor samples. Peripheral blood exosomes of osteosarcoma patients at diagnosis were significantly smaller than those of controls and overexpressed extracellular matrix protein gene THBS1 and B cell markers MS4A1 and TCL1A. Immunohistochemical staining of corresponding tumor samples verified the expression of THBS1 on tumor cells and osteoid matrix, and its persistence in a treatment-refractory patient, as well as the B cell origin of the latter. These hold potential as liquid biopsy biomarkers of disease burden and host immune response in osteosarcoma. Our findings suggest that exosomes may provide novel and clinically-important insights into the pathophysiology of cancers such as osteosarcoma."
5440,brain tumour,38852276,Inhibition of STAT3: A promising approach to enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy in medulloblastoma.,"Medulloblastoma is a type of brain cancer that primarily affects children. While chemotherapy has been shown to be effective in treating medulloblastoma, the development of chemotherapy resistance remains a challenge. One potential therapeutic approach is to selectively inhibit the inducible transcription factor called STAT3, which is known to play a crucial role in the survival and growth of tumor cells. The activation of STAT3 has been linked to the growth and progression of various cancers, including medulloblastoma. Inhibition of STAT3 has been shown to sensitize medulloblastoma cells to chemotherapy, leading to improved treatment outcomes. Different approaches to STAT3 inhibition have been developed, including small-molecule inhibitors and RNA interference. Preclinical studies have shown the efficacy of STAT3 inhibitors in medulloblastoma, and clinical trials are currently ongoing to evaluate their safety and effectiveness in patients with various solid tumors, including medulloblastoma. In addition, researchers are also exploring ways to optimize the use of STAT3 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy and identify biomarkers that can predict treatment that will help to develop personalized treatment strategies. This review highlights the potential of selective inhibition of STAT3 as a novel approach for the treatment of medulloblastoma and suggests that further research into the development of STAT3 inhibitors could lead to improved outcomes for patients with aggressive cancer."
5441,brain tumour,38852195,ssVERDICT: Self-supervised VERDICT-MRI for enhanced prostate tumor characterization.,"Demonstrating and assessing self-supervised machine-learning fitting of the VERDICT (vascular, extracellular and restricted diffusion for cytometry in tumors) model for prostate cancer."
5442,brain tumour,38852176,Presentation of microstructural diffusion components by color schemes in abdominal organs.,"Development of a color scheme representation to facilitate the interpretation of tri-exponential DWI data from abdominal organs, where multi-exponential behavior is more pronounced."
5443,brain tumour,38852095,Allogeneic stem cells engineered to release interferon β and scFv-PD1 target glioblastoma and alter the tumor microenvironment.,"Highly malignant brain tumors, glioblastomas (GBM), are immunosuppressive, thereby limiting current promising immunotherapeutic approaches. In this study, we created interferon receptor 1 knockout allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to secrete dual-function pro-apoptotic and immunomodulatory interferon (IFN) β (MSC"
5444,brain tumour,38851744,CIC::NUTM1 sarcomas occurred in soft tissues of upper limbs : a rare case report and literature review.,"CIC-rearranged sarcomas (CRS) represent a new entity of undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma belonging to the Ewing-like sarcomas family. CRS are the most common type. Fusion partners for the CIC gene include DUX4, FOXO4, and the recently recognizedNUTM1. Rare cases of CIC::NUTM1 sarcoma in pediatric patients have recently been reported in brain, kidney, bone, and soft tissues. However, such cases have not been identified in the soft tissues of the limbs."
5445,brain tumour,38851708,"Factors associated with changes in the quality of life and family functioning scores of primary caregivers of children and young people with primary brain tumors in Karachi, Pakistan: a prospective cohort study.","There are limited data available, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), on the long-term quality of life (QoL) and family functioning of primary caregivers of children and young people (CYPs) affected by primary brain tumors (PBTs). This study aimed to assess the factors associated with the mean change in QoL and family functioning scores of primary caregivers of CYP patients with PBTs 12 months posttreatment."
5446,brain tumour,38851695,Unveiling novel cell clusters and biomarkers in glioblastoma and its peritumoral microenvironment at the single-cell perspective.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly heterogeneous, recurrent and aggressively invasive primary malignant brain tumor. The heterogeneity of GBM results in poor targeted therapy. Therefore, the aim of this study is to depict the cellular landscape of GBM and its peritumor from a single-cell perspective. Discovering new cell subtypes and biomarkers, and providing a theoretical basis for precision therapy."
5447,brain tumour,38851536,Hybrid nanopotentiators with dual cascade amplification for glioma combined interventional therapy.,"Glioma is an aggressive malignant brain tumor with a very poor prognosis for survival. The poor tumor targeting efficiency and tumor microenvironment penetration barrier also as troubles inhibited the effective glioma chemotherapy. Here, we design a core-shell structure cascade amplified hybrid catalytic nanopotentiators CFpAD with DM1 encapsulated to overcome the glioma therapeutic obstacles. NIR laser-based BBB penetrating enhances the tumor accumulation of CFpAD. When CFpAD, as the cascade amplified drug, is treated on the cancer cells, the bomb-like CFpAD releases gold nanoparticles as glucose oxidase (GOx) and ferric oxide nanoparticles (FNPs) as peroxides (POx) after blasting, producing ROS via a cascade amplification for tumor cell apoptosis. Gold nanoparticles can rest CAFs and reduce ECM secretion, achieving deep penetration of CFpAD. Moreover, CFpAD also cuts off the nutritional supply of the tumor, reduces the pH value, and releases free radicals to destroy the cancer. The glioma cell viability was significantly decreased through DNA damage and ROS aggregation due to the DM1-based chemotherapy synergistically combined with interventional photothermal therapy (IPTT) and radiotherapy (RT). This domino cascade amplified loop, combined with starvation therapy with IPTT and RT, has good tumor penetration and outstanding antitumor efficacy, and is a promising glioma treatment system."
5448,brain tumour,38851411,A recent insight of applications of gold nanoparticles in glioblastoma multiforme therapy.,"The application of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in cancer therapy, particularly targeted therapy of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is an up-and-coming field of research that has gained much interest in recent years. GBM is a life-threatening malignant tumour of the brain that currently has a 95 % death rate with an average of 15 months of survival. AuNPs have proven to have wide clinical implications and compelling therapeutic potential in many researches, specifically in GBM treatment. It was found that the reason why AuNPs were highly desired for GBM treatment was due to their unique properties that diversified the applications of AuNPs further to include imaging, diagnosis, and photothermal therapy. These properties include easy synthesis, biocompatibility, and surface functionalization. Various studies also underscored the ability of AuNPs to cross the blood-brain-barrier and selectively target tumour cells while displaying no major safety concerns which resulted in better therapy results. We attempt to bring together some of these studies in this review and provide a comprehensive overview of safety evaluations and current and potential applications of AuNPs in GBM therapy that may result in AuNP-mediated therapy to be the new gold standard for GBM treatment."
5449,brain tumour,38851294,Opening the doors of precision medicine: novel tools to assess intestinal barrier in inflammatory bowel disease and colitis-associated neoplasia.,"Mounting evidence underscores the pivotal role of the intestinal barrier and its convoluted network with diet and intestinal microbiome in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC). Moreover, the bidirectional association of the intestinal barrier with the liver and brain, known as the gut-brain axis, plays a crucial role in developing complications, including extraintestinal manifestations of IBD and CRC metastasis. Consequently, barrier healing represents a crucial therapeutic target in these inflammatory-dependent disorders, with barrier assessment predicting disease outcomes, response to therapy and extraintestinal manifestations.New advanced technologies are revolutionising our understanding of the barrier paradigm, enabling the accurate assessment of the intestinal barrier and aiding in unravelling the complexity of the gut-brain axis. Cutting-edge endoscopic imaging techniques, such as ultra-high magnification endocytoscopy and probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy, are new technologies allowing real-time exploration of the 'cellular' intestinal barrier. Additionally, novel advanced spatial imaging technology platforms, including multispectral imaging, upconversion nanoparticles, digital spatial profiling, optical spectroscopy and mass cytometry, enable a deep and comprehensive assessment of the 'molecular' and 'ultrastructural' barrier. In this promising landscape, artificial intelligence plays a pivotal role in standardising and integrating these novel tools, thereby contributing to barrier assessment and prediction of outcomes.Looking ahead, this integrated and comprehensive approach holds the promise of uncovering new therapeutic targets, breaking the therapeutic ceiling in IBD. Novel molecules, dietary interventions and microbiome modulation strategies aim to restore, reinforce, or modulate the gut-brain axis. These advancements have the potential for transformative and personalised approaches to managing IBD."
5450,brain tumour,38851138,Adult transverse sinus capillary hemangioma: case report and review of the literature.,Adult intracranial capillary hemangioma (ICH) is an extremely rare disease with very few cases reported in the literature. Natural history is poorly understood and therapeutic management has not been clearly defined.
5451,brain tumour,38851097,Protective effect of melatonin against metabolic disorders and neuropsychiatric injuries in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice.,"Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and progressive cognitive dysfunction, and our clinical investigation revealed that the plasma concentration of melatonin (Mlt) decreased and was closely related to cognition in T2DM patients. However, although many studies have suggested that Mlt has a certain protective effect on glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and neuropsychiatric injury, the underlying mechanism of Mlt against T2DM-related metabolic and cognitive impairments remains unclear."
5452,brain tumour,38851079,Progress and trends in neurological disorders research based on deep learning.,"In recent years, deep learning (DL) has emerged as a powerful tool in clinical imaging, offering unprecedented opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders (NDs). This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted role of DL techniques in leveraging vast datasets to advance our understanding of NDs and improve clinical outcomes. Beginning with a systematic literature review, we delve into the utilization of DL, particularly focusing on multimodal neuroimaging data analysis-a domain that has witnessed rapid progress and garnered significant scientific interest. Our study categorizes and critically analyses numerous DL models, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), LSTM-CNN, GAN, and VGG, to understand their performance across different types of Neurology Diseases. Through particular analysis, we identify key benchmarks and datasets utilized in training and testing DL models, shedding light on the challenges and opportunities in clinical neuroimaging research. Moreover, we discuss the effectiveness of DL in real-world clinical scenarios, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize ND diagnosis and therapy. By synthesizing existing literature and describing future directions, this review not only provides insights into the current state of DL applications in ND analysis but also covers the way for the development of more efficient and accessible DL techniques. Finally, our findings underscore the transformative impact of DL in reshaping the landscape of clinical neuroimaging, offering hope for enhanced patient care and groundbreaking discoveries in the field of neurology. This review paper is beneficial for neuropathologists and new researchers in this field."
5453,brain tumour,38850880,Recent advances in breast cancer metastasis with special emphasis on metastasis to the brain.,"Understanding the underlying mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis is of vital importance for developing treatment approaches. This review emphasizes contemporary breakthrough studies with special focus on breast cancer brain metastasis. Acquired mutational changes in metastatic lesions are often distinct from the primary tumor, suggesting altered mutagenesis pathways. The concept of micrometastases and heterogeneity within the tumors unravels novel therapeutic targets at genomic and molecular levels through epigenetic and proteomic profiling. Several pre-clinical studies have identified mechanisms involving the immune system, where tumor associated macrophages are key players. Expression of cell proteins like Syndecan1, fatty acid-binding protein 7 and tropomyosin kinase receptor B have been implicated in aiding the transmigration of breast cancer cells to the brain. Changes in the proteomic landscape of the blood-brain-barrier show altered permeability characteristics, supporting entry of cancer cells. Findings from laboratory studies pave the path for the emergence of new biomarkers, especially blood-based miRNA and circulating tumor cell markers for prognostic staging. The constantly evolving therapeutics call for clinical trials backing supportive evidence of efficacies of both novel and existing approaches. The challenge lying ahead is discovering innovative techniques to replace use of human samples and optimize small-scale patient recruitment in trials."
5454,brain tumour,38850807,Shiga toxin down-regulates ERG protein in endothelial cells and impairs angiogenesis.,"Shiga toxin (Stx) can activate inflammatory signaling, leading to vascular dysfunction and promotion of a pro-thrombotic tissue microenvironment. Stx can trigger the development of the enterohemorrhagic (childhood) hemolytic uremic syndrome (eHUS), a triad of thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and acute kidney injury, often requiring dialysis. Additional features may include damage to other organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, brain and cardiovascular system; death occurs in 2-5 %. eHUS is a thrombotic microangiopathy; thus, endothelial cell (EC) injury and platelet fibrin thrombus formation in glomerular arterioles and in the arterioles of other affected organs are likely. To elucidate mechanisms of this microangiopathy, we examined in human ECs the regulation of the platelet adhesion proteins P-selectin and von Willebrand factor (VWF), along with the downregulation of erythroblast-transformation-specific transcription factor (ERG) a key regulator of angiogenesis and megakaryocyte development."
5455,brain tumour,38850763,Bedside ultrasound-assisted puncture and drainage under local anesthesia: A novel approach for early post-operative space-occupying tumor bed cysts of glioma resection.,"To investigate the causes of space-occupying tumor bed cysts formed early after glioma resection by measuring the osmotic pressure gradient between cystic fluid, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and propose a new method of bedside ultrasound-assisted puncture and drainage (UAP&D) under local anesthesia for treatment."
5456,brain tumour,38850741,Charge-switchable cell-penetrating peptides for rerouting nanoparticles to glioblastoma treatment.,"Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most lethal types of neoplasms with unique anatomic, physiologic, and pathologic features that usually persist after exposure to standard therapeutic modalities. It is biologically aggressive, and the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the efficacy of standard therapies. In this work, we hypothesize the potential of surface-functionalized ultra-small nanostructured lipid carriers (usNLCs) with charge-switchable cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) to overcome this biological barrier and improve targeted delivery to brain tumor tissues. The big question is: what is the potential of CPPs in directing nanoparticles toward brain tumor tissue? To answer this question, the usNLCs were functionalized with distinct biomolecules [five CPPs, c(RGDfK) and transferrin, Tf] through electrostatic interaction and its ability as a targeting approach to BBB (HBMEC) and glioma cells (U87 cells) evaluated in terms of physicochemical properties, cellular uptake, permeability in a 2D-BBB model, and tumor growth inhibition. Monte Carlo simulations elucidated CPP adsorption patterns. The permeability studies revealed that targeted usNLCs, especially usNLCs"
5457,brain tumour,38850736,Precision detection of select human lung cancer biomarkers and cell lines using honeybee olfactory neural circuitry as a novel gas sensor.,"Human breath contains biomarkers (odorants) that can be targeted for early disease detection. It is well known that honeybees have a keen sense of smell and can detect a wide variety of odors at low concentrations. Here, we employ honeybee olfactory neuronal circuitry to classify human lung cancer volatile biomarkers at different concentrations and their mixtures at concentration ranges relevant to biomarkers in human breath from parts-per-billion to parts-per-trillion. We also validated this brain-based sensing technology by detecting human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines using the 'smell' of the cell cultures. Different lung cancer biomarkers evoked distinct spiking response dynamics in the honeybee antennal lobe neurons indicating that those neurons encoded biomarker-specific information. By investigating lung cancer biomarker-evoked population neuronal responses from the honeybee antennal lobe, we classified individual human lung cancer biomarkers successfully (88% success rate). When we mixed six lung cancer biomarkers at different concentrations to create 'synthetic lung cancer' vs. 'synthetic healthy' human breath, honeybee population neuronal responses were able to classify those complex breath mixtures reliably with exceedingly high accuracy (93-100% success rate with a leave-one-trial-out classification method). Finally, we employed this sensor to detect human NSCLC and SCLC cell lines and we demonstrated that honeybee brain olfactory neurons could distinguish between lung cancer vs. healthy cell lines and could differentiate between different NSCLC and SCLC cell lines successfully (82% classification success rate). These results indicate that the honeybee olfactory system can be used as a sensitive biological gas sensor to detect human lung cancer."
5458,brain tumour,38850708,ERβ activation improves nonylphenol-induced depression and neurotransmitter secretion disruption via the TPH2/5-HT pathway.,"The aim of this study is to investigate the role of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in nonylphenol (NP) - induced depression - like behavior in rats and its impact on the regulation of the TPH2/5-HT pathway. In the in vitro experiment, rat basophilic leukaemia cells (RBL-2H3) cells were divided into the four groups: blank group, NP group (20 μM), ERβ agonist group (0.01 μM), and NP＋ERβ agonist group (20 μM＋0.01 μM). For the in vivo experiment, 72 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into following six groups: the Control, NP (40 mg/kg) group, ERβ agonist (2 mg/kg, Diarylpropionitrile (DPN)) group, ERβ inhibitor (0.1 mg/kg, 4-(2-phenyl-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl) phenol (PHTPP)) group, NP+ERβ agonist (40 mg/kg NP ＋ 2 mg/kg DPN) group, and NP+ERβ inhibitor (40 mg/kg NP + 0.1 mg/kg PHTPP) group, with 12 rats in each group. Each rat in drug group were given NP by gavage and/or received a single intraperitoneal injection of DPN 2 mg/kg or PHTPP 0.1 mg/kg. Both in vivo and in vitro, NP group showed a decrease in the expression levels of ERβ, tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH1), and tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) genes and proteins, and reduced levels of DA, NE, and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT) neurotransmitters. RBL-2H3 cells showed signs of cell shrinkage, with rounded cells, increased suspension and more loosely arranged cells. The effectiveness of the ERβ agonist stimulation exhibited an increase exceeding 60% in RBL-2H3 cells. The application of ERβ agonist resulted in an alleviation the aforementioned alterations. ERβ agonist activated the TPH2/5-HT signaling pathways. Compared to the control group, the NP content in the brain tissue of the NP group was significantly increased. The latency to eat for the rats was longer and the amount of food consumed was lower, and the rats had prolonged immobility time in the behavioral experiment of rats. The expression levels of ERβ, TPH1, TPH2, 5-HT and 5-HITT proteins were decreased in the NP group, suggesting NP-induced depression-like behaviours as well as disturbances in the secretion of serum hormones and monoamine neurotransmitters. In the NP group, the midline raphe nucleus showed an elongated nucleus with a dark purplish-blue colour, nuclear atrophy, displacement and pale cytoplasm. ERβ might ameliorate NP-induced depression-like behaviors, and secretion disorders of serum hormones and monoamine neurotransmitters via activating TPH2/5-HT signaling pathways."
5459,brain tumour,38850538,Protocol for qualitative analysis of lysosome immunoprecipitation from patient-derived glioblastoma stem-like cells.,"Lysosomes are critical for the sustenance of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) properties. We present a protocol to enrich and purify lysosomes from patient-derived GSCs in culture. We describe the steps required to stably express a tagged lysosomal protein in GSCs, mechanically lyse cells, magnetically immunopurify lysosomes, and qualitatively assess these organelles. We then detail the procedure for retrieving intact and purified lysosomes from GSCs. We also specify cell culture conditions, storage procedures, and sample preparation for immunoblotting. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Maghe et al."
5460,brain tumour,38850489,Safety and efficacy of hydroset cranioplasty as an adjunct to gasket-seal and nasoseptal flap closure of the skull base. A case-controlled study.,Cerebrospinal fluid leak after endoscopic skull base surgery remains a significant complication. Several investigators have suggested Hydroset cranioplasty to reduce leak rates. We investigated our early experience with Hydroset and compared the rate of nasal complications and CSF leak rates with case-controlled historic controls.
5461,brain tumour,38850456,"Age, preoperative tumor volume and widening of the internal acoustic meatus are independent factors associated with poor preoperative hearing in vestibular schwannoma patients - results of a single-center retrospective analysis.","Preoperative hearing function shows wide variations among patients diagnosed with vestibular schwannoma. Besides the preoperative tumor size there are other factors that influence the preoperative hearing function that are frequently discussed. A comprehensive analysis of a large cohort of vestibular schwannomas has the potential to describe new insights and influence the preoperative management. We analyzed clinical factors, imaging data and the expression of the proliferation marker MIB1 as potential influencing factors on the preoperative hearing function in a retrospective cohort of 523 primary sporadic vestibular schwannomas. The results of the preoperative audiometry were quantified using the Gardner-Robertson Score. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed. Serviceable hearing (Gardner-Robertson class 1 or 2) was documented in 391 patients (74.8%). Factors associated with non-serviceable hearing (Gardner-Robertson class 3-5) were patients of older age (p < 0.0001), larger preoperative tumor volume (p = 0.0013) and widening of the internal acoustic meatus compared to the healthy side (p = 0.0353). Gender and differences in the expression of the proliferation marker MIB1 had no influence on preoperative hearing. In the multivariate nominal logistic regression older age (OR 27.60 (CI 9.17-87.18), p < 0.0001), larger preoperative tumor volume (OR 20.20 (CI 3.43-128.58), p = 0.0011) and widening of the internal acoustic canal (OR 7.86 (CI 1.77-35.46), p = 0.0079) remained independent factors associated with non-serviceable hearing. Widening of the internal acoustic canal is an independent factor for non-serviceable preoperative hearing in vestibular schwannoma patients together with older age and larger preoperative tumor volume."
5462,brain tumour,38850439,Exploring risk factors of severe pituitary apoplexy: Insights from a multicenter study of 71 cases.,To identify clinical and radiological factors associated with a higher risk of developing a severe pituitary apoplexy (PA).
5463,brain tumour,38850123,Survival outcome and predictors of WHO grade 2 and 3 insular gliomas: A classification based on the tumor spread.,The study aimed to identify if clinical features and survival outcomes of insular glioma patients are associated with our classification based on the tumor spread.
5464,brain tumour,38849997,Letter to the Editor Regarding Cerebral Blood Flow Role in Delineating Treatment Effect from True Tumor Progression in Glioblastoma Multiforme.,No abstract found
5465,brain tumour,38849950,Alzheimer's disease and drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier: approaches and challenges.,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a diverse disease with a complex pathophysiology. The presence of extracellular β-amyloid deposition as neuritic plaques and intracellular accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated tau as neurofibrillary tangles remain the core neuropathologic criteria for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. Nonetheless, several recent basic discoveries have revealed significant pathogenic roles for other essential cellular and molecular processes. Previously, there were not so many disease-modifying medications (DMT) available as drug distribution through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is difficult due to its nature, especially drugs of polypeptides nature and proteins. Recently FDA has approved lecanemab as DMT for its proven efficacy. It is also complicated to deliver drugs for diseases like epilepsy or any brain tumor due to the limitations of the BBB. After the advancements in the drug delivery system, different techniques are used to transport the medication across the BBB. Other methods are used, like enhancement of brain blood vessel fluidity by liposomes, infusion of hyperosmotic solutions, and local intracerebral implants, but these are invasive approaches. Non-invasive approaches include the formulation of nanoparticles and their coating with polymers. This review article emphasizes all the above-mentioned techniques, procedures, and challenges to transporting medicines across the BBB. It summarizes the most recent literature dealing with drug delivery across the BBB."
5466,brain tumour,38849943,"Lomustine with or without reirradiation for first progression of glioblastoma, LEGATO, EORTC-2227-BTG: study protocol for a randomized phase III study.",Chemotherapy with lomustine is widely considered as standard treatment option for progressive glioblastoma. The value of adding radiotherapy to second-line chemotherapy is not known.
5467,brain tumour,38849845,Capmatinib is an effective treatment for MET-fusion driven pediatric high-grade glioma and synergizes with radiotherapy.,Pediatric-type diffuse high-grade glioma (pHGG) is the most frequent malignant brain tumor in children and can be subclassified into multiple entities. Fusion genes activating the MET receptor tyrosine kinase often occur in infant-type hemispheric glioma (IHG) but also in other pHGG and are associated with devastating morbidity and mortality.
5468,brain tumour,38849813,"Altered glia-neuron communication in Alzheimer's Disease affects WNT, p53, and NFkB Signaling determined by snRNA-seq.","Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia and is characterized by amyloid-β plaques, tau neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal loss. Although neuronal loss is a primary hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, it is known that non-neuronal cell populations are ultimately responsible for maintaining brain homeostasis and neuronal health through neuron-glia and glial cell crosstalk. Many signaling pathways have been proposed to be dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease, including WNT, TGFβ, p53, mTOR, NFkB, and Pi3k/Akt signaling. Here, we predict altered cell-cell communication between glia and neurons."
5469,brain tumour,38849731,Validity of central pain processing biomarkers for predicting the occurrence of oncological chronic pain: a study protocol.,"Despite recent improvements in cancer detection and survival rates, managing cancer-related pain remains a significant challenge. Compared to neuropathic and inflammatory pain conditions, cancer pain mechanisms are poorly understood, despite pain being one of the most feared symptoms by cancer patients and significantly impairing their quality of life, daily activities, and social interactions. The objective of this work was to select a panel of biomarkers of central pain processing and modulation and assess their ability to predict chronic pain in patients with cancer using predictive artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms."
5470,brain tumour,38849726,The OVAREX study: Establishment of ex vivo ovarian cancer models to validate innovative therapies and to identify predictive biomarkers.,"Ovarian cancer is the first cause of death from gynecological malignancies mainly due to development of chemoresistance. Despite the emergence of PARP inhibitors, which have revolutionized the therapeutic management of some of these ovarian cancers, the 5-year overall survival rate remains around 45%. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new therapeutic strategies, to identify predictive biomarkers and to predict the response to treatments. In this context, functional assays based on patient-derived tumor models could constitute helpful and relevant tools for identifying efficient therapies or to guide clinical decision making."
5471,brain tumour,38849632,Deep learning automatic semantic segmentation of glioblastoma multiforme regions on multimodal magnetic resonance images.,"In patients having naïve glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), this study aims to assess the efficacy of Deep Learning algorithms in automating the segmentation of brain magnetic resonance (MR) images to accurately determine 3D masks for 4 distinct regions: enhanced tumor, peritumoral edema, non-enhanced/necrotic tumor, and total tumor."
5472,brain tumour,38848603,Characteristics of radiation-induced brain tumors: case series and systematic review.,"Radiation therapy (RT) improves the outcome of patients with cancer but introduces the risk of radiation-induced neoplasms in cancer survivors. The most common radiation-induced brain tumors (RIBTs) are gliomas (RIGs), meningiomas (RIMs), and sarcomas (RISs). To investigate the characteristics of these RIBTs, the authors conducted a comprehensive review and analysis of their case series and relevant cases from the literature."
5473,brain tumour,38848597,Endoscopic endonasal resection of Rathke cleft cysts: a single-institution analysis of 148 consecutive patients.,"The traditional treatment of sellar Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) generally involves transsellar drainage; however, suprasellar RCCs present unique challenges to appropriate management and technical complexity. Reports on overall outcomes for the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for this pathology are limited. The EEA for RCCs allows three surgical techniques: marsupialization, fenestration, and fenestration with cyst wall resection."
5474,brain tumour,38848464,Bioorthogonal Labeling and Enrichment of Histone Monoaminylation Reveal Its Accumulation and Regulatory Function in Cancer Cell Chromatin.,Histone monoaminylation (
5475,brain tumour,38848430,Host-defence caerin 1.1 and 1.9 peptides suppress glioblastoma U87 and U118 cell proliferation through the modulation of mitochondrial respiration and induce the downregulation of CHI3L1.,"Glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of brain cancer, poses a significant global health challenge with a considerable mortality rate. With the predicted increase in glioblastoma incidence, there is an urgent need for more effective treatment strategies. In this study, we explore the potential of caerin 1.1 and 1.9, host defence peptides derived from an Australian tree frog, in inhibiting glioblastoma U87 and U118 cell growth. Our findings demonstrate the inhibitory impact of caerin 1.1 and 1.9 on cell growth through CCK8 assays. Additionally, these peptides effectively curtail the migration of glioblastoma cells in a cell scratch assay, exhibiting varying inhibitory effects among different cell lines. Notably, the peptides hinder the G0/S phase replication in both U87 and U118 cells, pointing to their impact on the cell cycle. Furthermore, caerin 1.1 and 1.9 show the ability to enter the cytoplasm of glioblastoma cells, influencing the morphology of mitochondria. Proteomics experiments reveal intriguing insights, with a decrease in CHI3L1 expression and an increase in PZP and JUNB expression after peptide treatment. These proteins play roles in cell energy metabolism and inflammatory response, suggesting a multifaceted impact on glioblastoma cells. In conclusion, our study underscores the substantial anticancer potential of caerin 1.1 and 1.9 against glioblastoma cells. These findings propose the peptides as promising candidates for further exploration in the realm of glioblastoma management, offering new avenues for developing effective treatment strategies."
5476,brain tumour,38848397,Exploration of the shared pathways and common biomarker in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma and type 2 diabetes using integrated bioinformatics analysis.,"Craniopharyngiomas are rare tumors of the central nervous system that typically present with symptoms such as headache and visual impairment, and those reflecting endocrine abnormalities, which seriously affect the quality of life of patients. Patients with craniopharyngiomas are at higher cardiometabolic risk, defined as conditions favoring the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, the underlying common pathogenic mechanisms of craniopharyngiomas and type 2 diabetes are not clear. Especially due to the difficulty of conducting in vitro or in vivo experiments on craniopharyngioma, we thought the common pathway analysis between craniopharyngioma and type 2 diabetes based on bioinformatics is a powerful and feasible method. In the present study, using public datasets (GSE94349, GSE68015, GSE38642 and GSE41762) obtained from the GEO database, the gene expression associated with adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma, a subtype of craniopharyngioma, and type 2 diabetes were analyzed using a bioinformatic approach. We found 11 hub genes using a protein-protein interaction network analysis. Of these, seven (DKK1, MMP12, KRT14, PLAU, WNT5B, IKBKB, and FGF19) were also identified by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis. Finally, single-gene validation and receptor operating characteristic analysis revealed that four of these genes (MMP12, PLAU, KRT14, and DKK1) may be involved in the common pathogenetic mechanism of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma and type 2 diabetes. In addition, we have characterized the differences in immune cell infiltration that characterize these two diseases, providing a reference for further research."
5477,brain tumour,38848360,Gene regulatory network topology governs resistance and treatment escape in glioma stem-like cells.,"Poor prognosis and drug resistance in glioblastoma (GBM) can result from cellular heterogeneity and treatment-induced shifts in phenotypic states of tumor cells, including dedifferentiation into glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). This rare tumorigenic cell subpopulation resists temozolomide, undergoes proneural-to-mesenchymal transition (PMT) to evade therapy, and drives recurrence. Through inference of transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) of patient-derived GSCs (PD-GSCs) at single-cell resolution, we demonstrate how the topology of transcription factor interaction networks drives distinct trajectories of cell-state transitions in PD-GSCs resistant or susceptible to cytotoxic drug treatment. By experimentally testing predictions based on TRN simulations, we show that drug treatment drives surviving PD-GSCs along a trajectory of intermediate states, exposing vulnerability to potentiated killing by siRNA or a second drug targeting treatment-induced transcriptional programs governing nongenetic cell plasticity. Our findings demonstrate an approach to uncover TRN topology and use it to rationally predict combinatorial treatments that disrupt acquired resistance in GBM."
5478,brain tumour,38848215,Lineage specification in glioblastoma is regulated by METTL7B.,"Glioblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumors in adults; they are highly aggressive and heterogeneous and show a high degree of plasticity. Here, we show that methyltransferase-like 7B (METTL7B) is an essential regulator of lineage specification in glioblastoma, with an impact on both tumor size and invasiveness. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of these tumors and of cerebral organoids derived from expanded potential stem cells overexpressing METTL7B reveal a regulatory role for the gene in the neural stem cell-to-astrocyte differentiation trajectory. Mechanistically, METTL7B downregulates the expression of key neuronal differentiation players, including SALL2, via post-translational modifications of histone marks."
5479,brain tumour,38848042,A Histopathologic Correlation Study Evaluating Glymphatic Function in Brain Tumors by Multiparametric MRI.,"This study aimed to elucidate the impact of brain tumors on cerebral edema and glymphatic drainage by leveraging advanced MRI techniques to explore the relationships among tumor characteristics, glymphatic function, and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression levels."
5480,brain tumour,38847845,Clinically unfavorable transcriptome subtypes of non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastomas are associated with a predominance in proliferating and progenitor-like cell subpopulations.,"The non-WNT/non-SHH (Grp3/Grp4) medulloblastomas (MBs) include eight second-generation subgroups (SGS; I-VIII) each with distinct molecular and clinical characteristics. Recently, we also identified two prognostically relevant transcriptome subtypes within each SGS MB, which are associated with unique gene expression signatures and signaling pathways. These prognostic subsets may be in connection to the intra-tumoral cell landscape that underlies SGS MB clinical-molecular diversity. Here, we performed a deconvolution analysis of the Grp3/Grp4 MB bulk RNA profiles using the previously identified single-cell RNA-seq reference dataset and focusing on variability in the cellular composition of SGS MB. RNA deconvolution analysis of the Grp3/Grp4 MB disclosed the subgroup-specific neoplastic cell subpopulations. Neuronally differentiated axodendritic GP3-C1 and glutamatergic GP4-C1 subpopulations were distributed within Grp3- and Grp4-associated SGS MB, respectively. Progenitor GP3-B2 subpopulation was prominent in aggressive SGS II MB, whereas photoreceptor/visual perception GP3/4-C2 cell content was typical for SGS III/IV MB. The current study also revealed significant variability in the proportions of cell subpopulations between clinically relevant SGS MB transcriptome subtypes, where unfavorable cohorts were enriched with cell cycle and progenitor-like cell subpopulations and, vice versa, favorable subtypes were composed of neuronally differentiated cell fractions predominantly. A higher than median proportion of proliferating and progenitor cell subpopulations conferred the shortest survival of the Grp3 and Grp 4 MB, and similar survival associations were identified for all SGS MB except SGS IV MB. In summary, the recently identified clinically relevant Grp3/Grp4 MB transcriptome subtypes are composed of different cell populations. Future studies should aim to validate the prognostic and therapeutic role of the identified Grp3/Grp4 MB inter-tumoral cellular heterogeneity. The application of the single-cell techniques on each SGS MB separately could help to clarify the clinical significance of subgroup-specific variability in tumor cell content and its relation with prognostic transcriptome signatures identified before."
5481,brain tumour,38847724,Study on the value of Inhibin B in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its correlation with traditional Chinese medicine syndromes: An observational study.,"To investigate the expression of Inhibin B between various clinical stages, Chinese medicine dialectic typing, and in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues and serum, and to evaluate the potential of Inhibin B as a new biomarker for NPC. Paraffin specimens of pathologically confirmed NPC tissues and paracancerous tissues were retrospectively collected, and the expression of Inhibin α (INHA) and Inhibin βB (INHBB) was detected by SP method, and their relationship with clinicopathological indexes was analyzed; in addition, patients with NPC who had received radiotherapy were included as the study subjects, and Epstein-Barr virus DNA (EBV-DNA), INHA, and INHBB in patients were detected by using the fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and chemiluminescent immuno-sandwiching method, respectively. EBV-DNA, EBV-viral capsid antigen-immunoglobulin A (VCA IgA), INHA, and INHBB were detected in the patients, respectively, and their relationships with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) patterns were also analyzed. The expression of INHA and INHBB in NPC tissues was lower than that in paracancerous tissues, and the expression of INHA in NPC patients was correlated with lymphatic metastasis, clinical staging, and TCM staging; the levels of EBV-DNA and VCA IgA were higher than that of healthy populations in NPC patients and were higher than that of patients with stage III + IV than that of patients with stage I + II, and the levels of INHA and INHBB were lower than those of healthy populations and were lower than those of patients with stage III + IV than that of patients with stage I + II. The levels of INHA and INHBB in nasopharyngeal cancer patients were lower than those in healthy people, and the levels in stage III + IV patients were lower than those in stage I + II patients. The levels of EBV-DNA and VCA IgA in nasopharyngeal cancer patients were correlated with the Chinese medicine patterns, and had different patterns. The expression of Inhibin B may be related to the progression of NPC, and it has certain typing significance for different TCM syndromes of NPC, which is helpful for TCM typing diagnosis."
5482,brain tumour,38847717,Nasopharyngeal carcinoma with leptomeningeal metastases has been treated with comprehensive treatment for long-term survival: A case report and literature review.,"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has a high incidence in East and Southeast Asia, often with distant metastasis. However, leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is extremely rare and usually has a poor prognosis. This paper reports the clinical treatment of a patient with meningeal metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in order to improve the clinician's understanding of the disease. Early diagnosis of the disease can alleviate the pain of patients and prolong their survival time."
5483,brain tumour,38847695,Severe pneumocranium after gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastasis: A case report and literature review.,"Gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKRS) is a recognized safe and effective treatment for brain metastasis; however, some complications can present significant clinical challenges. This case report highlights a rare occurrence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage and pneumocranium following GKRS, emphasizing the need for awareness and prompt management of these complications."
5484,brain tumour,38847673,Efficacy and safety of EGFR-TKIs for non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.,We conducted this meta-analysis based on updated literature and research to compare the efficacy and safety of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) as treatments for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
5485,brain tumour,38847567,Doping-Engineered Piezoelectric Ultrathin Nanosheets for Synergistically Piezo-Chemocatalytic Antitumor and Antibacterial Therapies Against Cutaneous Melanoma.,"The post-surgical melanoma recurrence and wound infections have persistently troubled clinical management. Piezocatalytic therapy features high efficiency in generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) for tumor therapy, but it faces limitations in piezoelectricity and redox-active site availability. Herein, Fe-doped ultrathin Bi"
5486,brain tumour,38847472,Machine learning-based identification of a cell death-related signature associated with prognosis and immune infiltration in glioma.,"Accumulating evidence suggests that a wide variety of cell deaths are deeply involved in cancer immunity. However, their roles in glioma have not been explored. We employed a logistic regression model with the shrinkage regularization operator (LASSO) Cox combined with seven machine learning algorithms to analyse the patterns of cell death (including cuproptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, apoptosis and necrosis) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. The performance of the nomogram was assessed through the use of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves. Cell-type identification was estimated by using the cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of known RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT) and single sample gene set enrichment analysis methods. Hub genes associated with the prognostic model were screened through machine learning techniques. The expression pattern and clinical significance of MYD88 were investigated via immunohistochemistry (IHC). The cell death score represents an independent prognostic factor for poor outcomes in glioma patients and has a distinctly superior accuracy to that of 10 published signatures. The nomogram performed well in predicting outcomes according to time-dependent ROC and calibration plots. In addition, a high-risk score was significantly related to high expression of immune checkpoint molecules and dense infiltration of protumor cells, these findings were associated with a cell death-based prognostic model. Upregulated MYD88 expression was associated with malignant phenotypes and undesirable prognoses according to the IHC. Furthermore, high MYD88 expression was associated with poor clinical outcomes and was positively related to CD163, PD-L1 and vimentin expression in the in-horse cohort. The cell death score provides a precise stratification and immune status for glioma. MYD88 was found to be an outstanding representative that might play an important role in glioma."
5487,brain tumour,38847277,Ursolic acid inhibits the proliferation of triple‑negative breast cancer stem‑like cells through NRF2‑mediated ferroptosis.,"Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid that has been found in a broad variety of fruits, spices and medicinal plants, has various biological effects such as reducing inflammation, protecting cells from damage, and preserving brain function. However, its impact on ferroptosis in cancer stem‑like cells remains unexplored. The present study investigated the effect of UA on MDA‑MB‑231 and BT‑549 cell‑derived triple‑negative breast CSCs (BCSCs) and its potential ferroptosis pathway. The effects of ferroptosis on BCSCs were demonstrated by the detection of ferroptosis‑related indexes including the intracellular level of glutathione, malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species and iron. The effects of UA on the biological behaviors of BCSCs were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit‑8, stemness indexes detection and mammosphere formation assay. The mechanism of UA induction on BCSCs was explored by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting. BALB/c‑nude mice were subcutaneously injected with MDA‑MB‑231‑derived BCSCs to establish xenograft models to detect the effects of UA "
5488,brain tumour,38847254,Synthesis and Anti-gastric Cancer Activity by Targeting FGFR1 Pathway of Novel Asymmetric Bis-chalcone Compounds.,"Bis-chalcone compounds with symmetrical structures, either isolated from natural products or chemically synthesized, have multiple pharmacological activities. Asymmetric Bis-chalcone compounds have not been reported before, which might be attributed to the synthetic challenges involved, and it remains unknown whether these compounds possess any potential pharmacological activities."
5489,brain tumour,38847084,"The clinical, molecular, and therapeutic implications of time from primary diagnosis to brain metastasis in lung and breast cancer patients.","Lung cancer (LC) and breast cancer (BC) are the most common causes of brain metastases (BMs). Time from primary diagnosis to BM (TPDBM) refers to the time interval between initial LC or BC diagnosis and development of BM. This research aims to identify clinical, molecular, and therapeutic risk factors associated with shorter TPDBM."
5490,brain tumour,38846954,CLEC7A regulates M2 macrophages to suppress the immune microenvironment and implies poorer prognosis of glioma.,"Gliomas constitute a category of malignant tumors originating from brain tissue, representing the majority of intracranial malignancies. Previous research has demonstrated the pivotal role of CLEC7A in the progression of various cancers, yet its specific implications within gliomas remain elusive. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance and immune therapeutic potential of CLEC7A in gliomas through the integration of bioinformatics and clinical pathological analyses."
5491,brain tumour,38846405,Periodic table screening for enhanced positive contrast in MRI and ,"The quest for nanomaterial-based imaging probes that can provide positive contrast in MRI is fueled by the necessity of developing novel diagnostic applications with potential for clinical translation that current gold standard probes cannot provide. Although interest in nanomaterials for positive contrast has increased in recent years, their study is less developed than that of traditional negative contrast probes in MRI. In our search for new magnetic materials with enhanced features as positive contrast probes for MRI, we decided to explore the chemical space to comprehensively analyze the effects of different metals on the performance of iron oxide nanomaterials already able to provide positive contrast in MRI. To this end, we synthesized 30 different iron oxide-based nanomaterials. Thorough characterization was performed, including multivariate analysis, to study the effect of different variables on their relaxometric properties. Based on these results, we identified the best combination of metals for "
5492,brain tumour,38846332,Vitamin D in tuberous sclerosis complex-associated tumors.,"Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi) have been used to treat pediatric tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-associated tumors, particularly in cases with contraindications to surgery or difficulties in complete tumor resection. However, some patients experience side effects and tumor regression after discontinuation of the treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop drugs that can be used in combination with mTORi to increase their efficacy and minimize their side effects. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D"
5493,brain tumour,38846276,Prognostic assessment of ,Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) stands out as a propitious anti-cancer modality. 
5494,brain tumour,38845694,Pulsed reduced-dose rate re-irradiation for patients with recurrent grade 2 gliomas.,Patients with grade 2 glioma exhibit highly variable survival. Re-irradiation for recurrent disease has limited mature clinical data. We report treatment results of pulsed reduced-dose rate (PRDR) radiation for patients with recurrent grade 2 glioma.
5495,brain tumour,38845692,SNO pediatric molecular tumor board series: Successful beginnings and future directions.,No abstract found
5496,brain tumour,38845628,A case report of Extra-neurologic metastasis of ventricular meningioma with literature review.,"Ventricular meningiomas are neoplastic cells originating from the ependymal lining of the central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain. These tumorigenic cells predominantly manifest in the fourth ventricle, followed by the spinal cord. Most intraparenchymal ventricular meningiomas are located within the brain tissue, exhibiting a higher degree of malignancy compared to their intracerebroventricular counterparts. While intracranial dissemination and metastasis to the spinal cord can occur, extra-neurologic metastasis is an exceedingly rare phenomenon that lacks a clear elucidation regarding its underlying mechanism. The authors presented a case of supratentorial brain parenchymal type ventricular meningioma surgical treatment in a young female patient, occurring two years after the development of multiple metastases in both lungs, pleura, and mediastinum. This may be attributed to the high malignancy degree and strong invasiveness of this lesion, as well as its proximity to the dura mater and venous sinus. The craniotomy provided an opportunity for tumor cells to invade the adjacent venous sinus, leading to dissemination through the blood system. Additionally, postoperative radiation and chemotherapy were administered to inhibit tumor angiogenesis; however, these treatments also increased the likelihood of tumor cell invasion into neighboring brain tissues and distant metastasis."
5497,brain tumour,38845301,Melanoma Brain Metastasis: Biology and Therapeutic Advances.,"Metastasis to the brain is a frequent complication of advanced melanoma. Historically, patients with melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) have had dismal outcomes, but outcomes have improved with the development of more effective treatments, including stereotactic radiosurgery and effective immune and targeted therapies. Despite these advances, MBM remains a leading cause of death from this disease, and many therapies show decreased efficacy against these tumors compared with extracranial metastases. This differential efficacy may be because of recently revealed unique molecular and immune features of MBMs-which may also provide rational new therapeutic strategies."
5498,brain tumour,38844944,"The tumour microenvironment, treatment resistance and recurrence in glioblastoma.","The adaptability of glioblastoma (GBM) cells, encouraged by complex interactions with the tumour microenvironment (TME), currently renders GBM an incurable cancer. Despite intensive research, with many clinical trials, GBM patients rely on standard treatments including surgery followed by radiation and chemotherapy, which have been observed to induce a more aggressive phenotype in recurrent tumours. This failure to improve treatments is undoubtedly a result of insufficient models which fail to incorporate components of the human brain TME. Research has increasingly uncovered mechanisms of tumour-TME interactions that correlate to worsened patient prognoses, including tumour-associated astrocyte mitochondrial transfer, neuronal circuit remodelling and immunosuppression. This tumour hijacked TME is highly implicated in driving therapy resistance, with further alterations within the TME and tumour resulting from therapy exposure inducing increased tumour growth and invasion. Recent developments improving organoid models, including aspects of the TME, are paving an exciting future for the research and drug development for GBM, with the hopes of improving patient survival growing closer. This review focuses on GBMs interactions with the TME and their effect on tumour pathology and treatment efficiency, with a look at challenges GBM models face in sufficiently recapitulating this complex and highly adaptive cancer."
5499,brain tumour,38844925,Improving medical students recognizing surgery of glioblastoma removal/decompressive craniectomy via physical lifelike brain simulator training.,This study aims to investigate the benefits of employing a Physical Lifelike Brain (PLB) simulator for training medical students in performing craniotomy for glioblastoma removal and decompressive craniectomy.
5500,brain tumour,38844902,Serum beta2-microglobulin acts as a biomarker for severity and prognosis in glioma patients: a preliminary clinical study.,"Gliomas are the deadliest malignant tumors of the adult central nervous system. We previously discovered that beta2-microglobulin (B2M) is abnormally upregulated in glioma tissues and that it exerts a range of oncogenic effects. Besides its tissue presence, serum B2M levels serve as biomarkers for various diseases. This study aimed to explore whether serum B2M levels can be used in the diagnosis and prognosis of gliomas."
5501,brain tumour,38844817,"Nucleotide metabolism in cancer cells fuels a UDP-driven macrophage cross-talk, promoting immunosuppression and immunotherapy resistance.","Many individuals with cancer are resistant to immunotherapies. Here, we identify the gene encoding the pyrimidine salvage pathway enzyme cytidine deaminase (CDA) among the top upregulated metabolic genes in several immunotherapy-resistant tumors. We show that CDA in cancer cells contributes to the uridine diphosphate (UDP) pool. Extracellular UDP hijacks immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) through its receptor P2Y"
5502,brain tumour,38844770,Ultrasound-mediated delivery of doxorubicin to the brain results in immune modulation and improved responses to PD-1 blockade in gliomas.,"Given the marginal penetration of most drugs across the blood-brain barrier, the efficacy of various agents remains limited for glioblastoma (GBM). Here we employ low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPU) and intravenously administered microbubbles (MB) to open the blood-brain barrier and increase the concentration of liposomal doxorubicin and PD-1 blocking antibodies (aPD-1). We report results on a cohort of 4 GBM patients and preclinical models treated with this approach. LIPU/MB increases the concentration of doxorubicin by 2-fold and 3.9-fold in the human and murine brains two days after sonication, respectively. Similarly, LIPU/MB-mediated blood-brain barrier disruption leads to a 6-fold and a 2-fold increase in aPD-1 concentrations in murine brains and peritumoral brain regions from GBM patients treated with pembrolizumab, respectively. Doxorubicin and aPD-1 delivered with LIPU/MB upregulate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II in tumor cells. Increased brain concentrations of doxorubicin achieved by LIPU/MB elicit IFN-γ and MHC class I expression in microglia and macrophages. Doxorubicin and aPD-1 delivered with LIPU/MB results in the long-term survival of most glioma-bearing mice, which rely on myeloid cells and lymphocytes for their efficacy. Overall, this translational study supports the utility of LIPU/MB to potentiate the antitumoral activities of doxorubicin and aPD-1 for GBM."
5503,brain tumour,38844752,"Yttrium oxide nanoparticles ameliorates calcium hydroxide and calcium titanate nanoparticles induced genomic DNA and mitochondrial damage, ROS generation and inflammation.",Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)
5504,brain tumour,38844709,Breaking new ground: can artificial intelligence and machine learning transform papillary glioneuronal tumor diagnosis?,"Papillary glioneuronal tumors (PGNTs), classified as Grade I by the WHO in 2016, present diagnostic challenges due to their rarity and potential for malignancy. Xiaodan Du et al.'s recent study of 36 confirmed PGNT cases provides critical insights into their imaging characteristics, revealing frequent presentation with headaches, seizures, and mass effect symptoms, predominantly located in the supratentorial region near the lateral ventricles. Lesions often appeared as mixed cystic and solid masses with septations or as cystic masses with mural nodules. Given these complexities, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offer promising advancements for PGNT diagnosis. Previous studies have demonstrated AI's efficacy in diagnosing various brain tumors, utilizing deep learning and advanced imaging techniques for rapid and accurate identification. Implementing AI in PGNT diagnosis involves assembling comprehensive datasets, preprocessing data, extracting relevant features, and iteratively training models for optimal performance. Despite AI's potential, medical professionals must validate AI predictions, ensuring they complement rather than replace clinical expertise. This integration of AI and ML into PGNT diagnostics could significantly enhance preoperative accuracy, ultimately improving patient outcomes through more precise and timely interventions."
5505,brain tumour,38844695,Imaging in malignant germ cell tumors involving the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal axis: the evaluation of the posterior pituitary bright spot is essential.,Malignant intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare diseases in Western countries. They arise in midline structures and diagnosis is often delayed. We evaluated imaging characteristics and early tumor signs of suprasellar and bifocal GCT on MRI.
5506,brain tumour,38844627,Accurate and efficient integrative reference-informed spatial domain detection for spatial transcriptomics.,"Spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) studies are becoming increasingly common and large, offering unprecedented opportunities in mapping complex tissue structures and functions. Here we present integrative and reference-informed tissue segmentation (IRIS), a computational method designed to characterize tissue spatial organization in SRT studies through accurately and efficiently detecting spatial domains. IRIS uniquely leverages single-cell RNA sequencing data for reference-informed detection of biologically interpretable spatial domains, integrating multiple SRT slices while explicitly considering correlations both within and across slices. We demonstrate the advantages of IRIS through in-depth analysis of six SRT datasets encompassing diverse technologies, tissues, species and resolutions. In these applications, IRIS achieves substantial accuracy gains (39-1,083%) and speed improvements (4.6-666.0) in moderate-sized datasets, while representing the only method applicable for large datasets including Stereo-seq and 10x Xenium. As a result, IRIS reveals intricate brain structures, uncovers tumor microenvironment heterogeneity and detects structural changes in diabetes-affected testis, all with exceptional speed and accuracy."
5507,brain tumour,38844371,A Note of Caution Regarding Single-Arm 1p or 19q Deletion in ,No abstract found
5508,brain tumour,38844368,Ependymal Tumors: Overview of the Recent World Health Organization Histopathologic and Genetic Updates with an Imaging Characteristic.,"The 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS5), introduced significant changes, impacting tumors ranging from glial to ependymal neoplasms. Ependymal tumors were previously classified and graded based on histopathology, which had limited clinical and prognostic utility. The updated CNS5 classification now divides ependymomas into 10 subgroups based on anatomic location (supratentorial, posterior fossa, and spinal compartment) and genomic markers. Supratentorial tumors are defined by zinc finger translocation associated ("
5509,brain tumour,38844154,Mitochondria-targeted catalase induced cell malignant transformation by the downregulation of p53 protein stability via USP28/miR-200b/PP2A-Cα axis.,"Antioxidants exert a paradoxical influence on cancer prevention. The latest explanation for this paradox is the different target sites of antioxidants. However, it remains unclear how mitochondria-targeted antioxidants trigger specific p53-dependent pathways in malignant transformation models. Our study revealed that overexpression of mitochondria-targeted catalase (mCAT) instigated such malignant transformation via mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) -mediated p53 degradation. In mouse epithelial JB6 Cl41 cells, the stable expression of mCAT resulted in MDM2-mediated p53 degradation, unlike in catalase-overexpressed Cl41 cells. Further, we demonstrated that mCAT overexpression upregulated ubiquitin-specific protease 28 (USP28) expression, which in turn stabilized c-Jun protein levels. This alteration initiated the activation of the miR-200b promoter transcription activity and a subsequent increase in miR-200b expression. Furthermore, elevated miR-200b levels then promoted its binding to the 3'-untranslated region of protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit (PP2A-C) α-isoform mRNA, consequently resulting in PP2A-C protein downregulation. This cascade of events ultimately contributed to increased MDM2 phosphorylation and p53 protein degradation. Thus, the mCAT overexpression triggers MDM2/p53-dependent malignant transformation through USP28/miR-200b/PP2A-Cα pathway, which may provide a new information for understanding mitochondria-targeted antioxidants facilitate the progression to the tumorigenic state."
5510,brain tumour,38843966,Racial Disparities in Glioblastoma Genomic Alterations: A Comprehensive Analysis of a Multi-Institution Cohort of 2390 Patients.,"Although molecular biomarkers have significantly advanced precision oncology in glioblastoma, the prevalence of these biomarkers by race remains underexplored. This study aims to characterize the genomic alterations in glioblastoma across Asian, Black, and White patients, offering insights into racial disparities that may influence treatment outcomes and disease progression."
5511,brain tumour,38843710,Comprehensive analysis of stereotactic Radiosurgery outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer patients with brain metastases: The influence of immunotherapy and prognostic factors.,"Breast cancer stands as the second most common solid tumors with a propensity for brain metastasis. Among metastatic breast cancer cases, the brain metastasis incidence ranges from 10 % to 30 %, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) displaying a heightened risk and poorer prognosis. SRS has emerged as an effective local treatment modality for brain metastases; however, data on its outcomes specifically in pure triple-negative subtype remain scarce."
5512,brain tumour,38843073,"Response to Letter to the Editor From Andereggen and Christ: ""Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Prolactinomas in Children and Adolescents: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study"".",No abstract found
5513,brain tumour,38843072,"Letter to the Editor From Andereggen and Christ: ""Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Prolactinomas in Children and Adolescents: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study"".",No abstract found
5514,brain tumour,38842755,Piracetam reduces oxidative stress and mitochondrial function impairment in an in vitro model of vascular dementia.,"Vascular dementia (VaD) is the most common cause of dementia in older adults. Due to the lack of effective treatment options, there is an urgent need to find an effective pharmaceutical compound to combat VaD. Piracetam has been reported to improve impaired cognitive function in a variety of conditions in both human and animal models. However, the role and mechanism of Piracetam in VaD remain unclear. Therefore this study aimed to elucidate the effect of Piracetam on a cellular model of VaD in vitro. We found that Piracetam enhanced the growth of OGD-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, Piracetam inhibited the oxidative stress of OGD-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. Further, Piracetam improved mitochondrial function of OGD-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. Mechanistically, Piracetam inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in OGD-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. Collectively, Piracetam improved oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction of OGD-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells through PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. Hence, Piracetam has the potential to serve as a promising drug of VaD."
5515,brain tumour,38842720,HOW I DO IT: Cushing's disease-selective adenomectomy via an endoscopic transsphenoidal approach.,An ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma is the most common cause of excessive endogenous glucocorticoid production resulting in Cushing's Syndrome. A multidisciplinary approach is paramount. Selective adenomectomy is the treatment of choice.
5516,brain tumour,38842696,Amino-acid PET as a prognostic tool after post Stupp protocol temozolomide therapy in high-grade glioma patients.,"This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic performance of amino-acid PET in high-grade gliomas (HGG) patients at the time of temozolomide (TMZ) treatment discontinuation, after the Stupp protocol."
5517,brain tumour,38842695,Intracranial angioleiomyoma: a case series of seven patients and review of the literature.,"Angioleiomyoma, predominantly arising from the extremities, is a benign soft tissue tumor. Reports on its intracranial location are rare. We assessed clinical, radiological, and pathological features of intracranial angioleiomyoma (iALM) treated at our neurosurgical institution."
5518,brain tumour,38842611,SRSF9 promotes cell proliferation and migration of glioblastoma through enhancing CDK1 expression.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and prevalent brain tumor that poses significant challenges in treatment. SRSF9, an RNA-binding protein, is essential for cellular processes and implicated in cancer progression. Yet, its function and mechanism in GBM need clarification."
5519,brain tumour,38842602,A Computational Framework for the Administration of 5-Aminovulinic Acid Before Glioblastoma Surgery.,"5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) is the only fluorophore approved by the FDA as an intraoperative optical imaging agent for fluorescence-guided surgery in patients with glioblastoma. The dosing regimen is based on rodent tests where a maximum signal occurs around 6 h after drug administration. Here, we construct a computational framework to simulate the transport of 5-ALA through the stomach, blood, and brain, and the subsequent conversion to the fluorescent agent protoporphyrin IX at the tumor site. The framework combines compartmental models with spatially-resolved partial differential equations, enabling one to address questions regarding quantity and timing of 5-ALA administration before surgery. Numerical tests in two spatial dimensions indicate that, for tumors exceeding the detection threshold, the time to peak fluorescent concentration is 2-7 h, broadly consistent with the current surgical guidelines. Moreover, the framework enables one to examine the specific effects of tumor size and location on the required dose and timing of 5-ALA administration before glioblastoma surgery."
5520,brain tumour,38842548,Pediatric craniopharyngioma with significantly increased intraoperative visual evoked potential amplitude and postoperative visual acuity improvement: a case report.,"Visual evoked potential (VEP) is an established modality that allows safe brain tumor resection and preservation of optical function. We herein present a case of a pediatric craniopharyngioma with significant improvement in the VEP amplitude detected during endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS) and obvious postoperative improvement in visual acuity. A 13-year-old boy presented with visual acuity disturbance in his right eye and was followed up for 5 months by an ophthalmologist. His visual acuity rapidly worsened, and a suprasellar lesion with calcification was found on brain computed tomography. The patient underwent tumor resection during ETS with intraoperative transcranial VEP monitoring. Gross total tumor resection was achieved without injury to the perforators, including the superior hypophyseal arteries. The VEP amplitude was unstable, and significant waves were not detectable before tumor resection; however, a positive wave was detected after removing most of the tumor and exposing the bilateral optic nerves and optic chiasm. Subsequently, negative and positive VEP waves were continuously detected. Visual acuity improved remarkably on postoperative day 10. This case demonstrated both a significant increase in the intraoperative VEP amplitude and rapid postoperative improvement in visual acuity. We surmised that the preoperative rapid worsening of visual dysfunction, intraoperative increase in the VEP amplitude, and significant postoperative improvement in visual acuity were associated with the compression of the optic nerves by the internal carotid artery, anterior cerebral artery, and tumor."
5521,brain tumour,38842547,"Reply to letter that comments on ""Trigeminal nerve chronic motor denervation caused by cerebellar peduncle pilocytic astrocytoma"".",No abstract found
5522,brain tumour,38842394,Cutaneous Seeding of Glioblastoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.,"We present the case of a 61-year-old male patient with a history of intracranial IDH-wildtype glioblastoma with an isolated cutaneous metastasis within the previous surgical site scar. The cytomorphology of the cutaneous deposits was reminiscent of metastatic melanoma, which is a differential diagnostic pitfall. The tumor molecular characteristics are described, as these have become essential diagnostic criteria for many central nervous system tumors, along with a discussion of the role of immunohistochemical markers and potential pitfalls in the differential diagnosis of melanoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma. We discuss the biology of metastatic glioblastoma and provide a focused literature review of previous glioblastomas with tumor cell seeding within prior surgical scars."
5523,brain tumour,38842054,Sympathetic nerve blocks for persistent pain in adults with inoperable abdominopelvic cancer.,"Persistent visceral pain is an unpleasant sensation coming from one or more organs within the body. Visceral pain is a common symptom in those with advanced cancer. Interventional procedures, such as neurolytic sympathetic nerve blocks, have been suggested as additional treatments that may play a part in optimising pain management for individuals with this condition."
5524,brain tumour,38842024,CircVCAN promotes glioma progression through the miR-488-3p/MEF2C-JAGGED1 axis.,"Gliomas are the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumors worldwide. Growing evidences indicate that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of biological behavior of tumors. We aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of circVCAN in glioma. RNase R treatment was utilized to assess the cyclic properties of circVCAN. CircVCAN, miR-488-3p, and myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) levels in glioma tissues and cells were detected by reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the localization of them in glioma cells was determined with fluorescence in situ hybridization. Furthermore, a variety of biologically functional assessments were used to validate the role of circVCAN in glioma. The regulatory mechanisms of circVCAN, miR-488-3p, and MEF2C were further confirmed by double luciferase reporter gene assay, RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down assay, and the binding of MEF2C to JAGGED1 was revealed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Additionally, a xenograft tumor model was constructed to demonstrate the effect of circVCAN on tumor growth in vivo. Our results indicated that circVCAN was more stable than its linear RNA and was significantly upregulated in gliomas. CircVCAN overexpression stimulated glioma cells to proliferate and metastasize, but circVCAN silencing exerted the opposite effect. Meanwhile, silencing circVCAN inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, we found that circVCAN interacted with miR-488-3p to regulate MEF2C expression, and miR-488-3p inhibition or MEF2C overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect on malignant bio-behaviors mediated by circVCAN knockdown in glioma cells. MEF2C promoted the transcription of JAGGED1, and circVCAN knockdown reduced the binding between MEF2C and JAGGED1. Collectively, circVCAN is a carcinogenic circRNA in glioma, and the circVCAN/miR-488-3p/MEF2C-JAGGED1 axis could serve as a potential target for the management of glioma."
5525,brain tumour,38841811,Metabolic dysregulation of tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) exhibits genetic alterations that induce the deregulation of oncogenic pathways, thus promoting metabolic adaptation. The modulation of metabolic enzyme activities is necessary to generate nucleotides, amino acids, and fatty acids, which provide energy and metabolic intermediates essential for fulfilling the biosynthetic needs of glioma cells. Moreover, the TCA cycle produces intermediates that play important roles in the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids, or non-essential amino acids, and act as signaling molecules associated with the activation of oncogenic pathways, transcriptional changes, and epigenetic modifications. In this review, we aim to explore how dysregulated metabolic enzymes from the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, along with their metabolites, modulate both catabolic and anabolic metabolic pathways, as well as pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, transcriptional changes, and epigenetic modifications in GBM cells, contributing to the formation, survival, growth, and invasion of glioma cells. Additionally, we discuss promising therapeutic strategies targeting key players in metabolic regulation. Therefore, understanding metabolic reprogramming is necessary to fully comprehend the biology of malignant gliomas and significantly improve patient survival."
5526,brain tumour,38841782,Epstein-Barr virus and immune status imprint the immunogenomics of non-Hodgkin lymphomas occurring in immune-suppressed environments.,"Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) commonly occur in immunodeficient patients, both those infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and those who have been transplanted, and are often driven by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with cerebral localization, raising the question of tumor immunogenicity, a critical issue for treatment responses. We investigated the immunogenomics of 68 lymphoproliferative disorders from 51 immunodeficient (34 post-transplant, 17 HIV+) and 17 immunocompetent patients. Overall, 72% were large B-cell lymphoma and 25% were primary central nervous system lymphoma, while 40% were EBV+. Tumor whole-exome and RNA sequencing, along with a bioinformatics pipeline allowed analysis of tumor mutational burden, tumor landscape and tumor microenvironment and prediction of tumor neoepitopes. Both tumor mutational burden (2.2 vs. 3.4/Mb, P=0.001) and numbers of neoepitopes (40 vs. 200, P=0.00019) were lower in EBV+ than in EBV- NHL, regardless of the immune status. In contrast both EBV and the immune status influenced the tumor mutational profile, with HNRNPF and STAT3 mutations observed exclusively in EBV+ and immunodeficient NHL, respectively. Peripheral blood T-cell responses against tumor neoepitopes were detected in all EBV- cases but in only half of the EBV+ ones, including responses against IgH-derived MHC-class-II restricted neoepitopes. The tumor microenvironment analysis showed higher CD8 T-cell infiltrates in EBV+ versus EBV- NHL, together with a more tolerogenic profile composed of regulatory T cells, type-M2 macrophages and an increased expression of negative immune-regulators. Our results highlight that the immunogenomics of NHL in patients with immunodeficiency primarily relies on the tumor EBV status, while T-cell recognition of tumor- and IgH-specific neoepitopes is conserved in EBV- patients, offering potential opportunities for future T-cell-based immune therapies."
5527,brain tumour,38841601,Non-hemorrhagic cerebellar contrast enhancement on intraoperative MRI during a supratentorial glioma resection: Concerning finding of no significance.,"Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) is a powerful tool used to verify maximal safe resection of gliomas. However, unsuspected new or incidental findings can present difficult clinical scenarios. Here we present a case of a large supratentorial glioma resection where new, incidental bilateral cerebellar hemispheric enhancement was noted on iMRI. A 52-year-old male with a large intra-axial mass spanning the right temporal and parietal lobes underwent a craniotomy for tumor resection utilizing iMRI. Imaging displayed new, remote, bilateral cerebellar enhancement. Upon completion of surgery, the patient was extubated and was at his neurological baseline. An immediate CT scan showed no abnormalities in the cerebellum, and the duration of his hospital stay was unaffected by this finding. An MRI 24 hours after the procedure demonstrated complete resolution of the enhancement. New, remote contrast enhancement in the cerebellum raises concerns for the potentially emergent, well-defined pathology known as remote cerebellar hemorrhage (RCH). However, here we describe a case where these findings turned out to be clinically insignificant, CT-negative, and self-limiting. Therefore, here we call this finding remote non-hemorrhagic cerebellar contrast enhancement (RNHCCE) to differentiate it from RCE, and we discuss nuances and management considerations for differentiating the two."
5528,brain tumour,38841373,System biology approach to identify the novel biomarkers in glioblastoma multiforme tumors by using computational analysis.,
5529,brain tumour,38841162,Intraoperative ,"Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an intraoperative real-time cellular resolution imaging technology that images brain tumor histoarchitecture. Previously, we demonstrated that CLE images may be interpreted by neuropathologists to determine the presence of tumor infiltration at glioma margins. In this study, we assessed neurosurgeons' ability to interpret CLE images from glioma margins and compared their assessments to those of neuropathologists."
5530,brain tumour,38841116,Correlation of ADC values of adult brain tumors with the diagnosis and pathological grade: A cross-sectional multicenter study.,"Brain tumors are common, requiring physicians to have a precise understanding of them for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Considering that various histological tumor types present different cellularity, we conducted this research to examine the role of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the differential diagnosis and pathologic grading of brain tumor types."
5531,brain tumour,38840975,Case Report: Low-grade glioma with ,"Intrinsic, expansile pontine tumors typically occur in the pediatric population. These tumors characteristically present as diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), which is now considered as diffuse midline glioma (DMG), H3K27-mutated of the pons. DIPG has limited treatment options and a poor prognosis, and the value of tissue diagnosis from an invasive biopsy remains controversial. This study presents the case of a 19-year-old female with clinical and imaging hallmarks of DIPG, who underwent a biopsy of a tumor in the region of the right middle cerebellar peduncle. Her lesional cells were negative for H3K27M alterations and had low-grade histologic features. Next-generation sequencing revealed a frameshift mutation in the "
5532,brain tumour,38840972,Sellar hemangiopericytoma masquerading as pituitary adenoma: an overlooked intriguing case study unveiling a rare surgical conundrum.,"Hemangiopericytoma (HPC) constitutes less than 1% of all primary central nervous system tumors. It is a vascular neoplasm with potential malignancy that, in rare instances, manifests as a primary lesion within the brain. Typically, it originates from the meninges. Here, we describe an exceptionally uncommon sellar region solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma (SFT/HPC) that mimicked a nonfunctional pituitary adenoma."
5533,brain tumour,38840970,Spinal ependymoma presenting as subtle neurological findings in a VA chiropractic clinic: a case report in differential diagnosis and appropriate use of diagnostic imaging.,"Lhermitte's sign is a nonspecific historical and exam finding that carries with it a differential diagnosis of cervical myelopathy, multiple sclerosis, intradural tumors, or other central nervous system pathology. Regardless of the suspected diagnosis, further diagnostic investigation is indicated to determine etiology of symptoms."
5534,brain tumour,38840717,Standardized evaluation of the extent of resection in glioblastoma with automated early post-operative segmentation.,"Standard treatment of patients with glioblastoma includes surgical resection of the tumor. The extent of resection (EOR) achieved during surgery significantly impacts prognosis and is used to stratify patients in clinical trials. In this study, we developed a U-Net-based deep-learning model to segment contrast-enhancing tumor on post-operative MRI exams taken within 72 h of resection surgery and used these segmentations to classify the EOR as either maximal or submaximal. The model was trained on 122 multiparametric MRI scans from our institution and achieved a mean Dice score of 0.52 ± 0.03 on an external dataset ("
5535,brain tumour,38840617,Endolymphatic sac tumor: An urgent case presenting acute intracranial hypertension successfully treated with suboccipital decompressive craniectomy - 8 years of follow-up.,"Endolymphatic sac tumor (ELST) is a rare lesion. It may be sporadically or associated with Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Progressive audiovestibular symptoms characterize the typical clinical presentation. Here, we report a unique case of ELST with acute intracranial hypertension (IH) due to tumor compression, successfully treated with an urgent suboccipital decompressive craniectomy (SDC)."
5536,brain tumour,38840600,Meningioma recurrence: Time for an online prediction tool?,"Meningioma, the most common brain tumor, traditionally considered benign, has a relatively high risk of recurrence over a patient's lifespan. In addition, with the emergence of several clinical, radiological, and molecular variables, it is becoming evident that existing grading criteria, including Simpson's and World Health Organization classification, may not be sufficient or accurate. As web-based tools for widespread accessibility and usage become commonplace, such as those for gene identification or other cancers, it is timely for meningioma care to take advantage of evolving new markers to help advance patient care."
5537,brain tumour,38840599,Awake surgery for a deaf patient using sign language: A case report.,"Although awake surgery is the gold standard for resecting brain tumors in eloquent regions, patients with hearing impairment require special consideration during intraoperative tasks."
5538,brain tumour,38840594,Facial nerve electrical motor evoked potential in cerebellopontine angle tumors for its anatomical and functional preservation.,"Among the technical measures to preserve facial nerve (FN) function, intraoperative neuromonitoring has become mandatory and is constantly being scrutinized. Hence, to determine the efficacy of FN motor evoked potentials (FNMEPs) in predicting long-term motor FN function following cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor surgery, an analysis of cases was done."
5539,brain tumour,38840562,Ultrasound manifestations of primary intestinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma with liver metastasis in a child.,"Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor arising in lymph nodes or extra-nodal lymphoid tissues, with an incidence of 8.3 per million. It accounts for approximately 7% of childhood and adolescent malignancies, second only to leukemia and brain tumors. Despite the gastrointestinal tract being the most common extra-nodal site involved by lymphoma, primary intestinal lymphoma (PIL) is rare and typically affects middle-aged men without specific clinical symptoms. Here, we present the case of a 2-year-old child indicative of PIL with the informed consent of the parents."
5540,brain tumour,38840222,TDP43 interacts with MLH1 and MSH6 proteins in a DNA damage-inducible manner.,"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects the motor neuron. One aspect of the neuropathology involved in ALS includes increased genomic damage and impaired DNA repair capability. The TAR-DNA binding protein 43 (TDP43) has been associated with both sporadic and familial forms of ALS, and is typically observed as cytosolic mislocalization of protein aggregates, termed TDP43 proteinopathy. TDP43 is a ubiquitous RNA/DNA binding protein with functional implications in a wide range of disease processes, including the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). While TDP43 is widely known to regulate RNA metabolism, our lab has reported it also functions directly at the protein level to facilitate DNA repair. Here, we show that the TDP43 protein interacts with DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins MLH1 and MSH6 in a DNA damage-inducible manner. We utilized differentiated SH-SY5Y neuronal cultures to identify this inducible relationship using complementary approaches of proximity ligation assay (PLA) and co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) assay. We observed that signals of TDP43 interaction with MLH1 and MSH6 increased significantly following a 2 h treatment of 10 μM methylmethanesulfonate (MMS), a DNA alkylating agent used to induce MMR repair. Likewise, we observed this effect was abolished in cell lines treated with siRNA directed against TDP43. Finally, we demonstrated these protein interactions were significantly increased in lumbar spinal cord samples of ALS-affected patients compared to age-matched controls. These results will inform our future studies to understand the mechanisms and consequences of this TDP43-MMR interaction in the context of ALS-affected neurons."
5541,brain tumour,38840054,Multiparameter MRI-based radiomics nomogram for preoperative prediction of brain invasion in atypical meningioma:a multicentre study.,To develop a nomogram based on tumor and peritumoral edema (PE) radiomics features extracted from preoperative multiparameter MRI for predicting brain invasion (BI) in atypical meningioma (AM).
5542,brain tumour,38840049,HyperGCN: an effective deep representation learning framework for the integrative analysis of spatial transcriptomics data.,"Advances of spatial transcriptomics technologies enabled simultaneously profiling gene expression and spatial locations of cells from the same tissue. Computational tools and approaches for integration of transcriptomics data and spatial context information are urgently needed to comprehensively explore the underlying structure patterns. In this manuscript, we propose HyperGCN for the integrative analysis of gene expression and spatial information profiled from the same tissue. HyperGCN enables data visualization and clustering, and facilitates downstream analysis, including domain segmentation, the characterization of marker genes for the specific domain structure and GO enrichment analysis."
5543,brain tumour,38839940,Radiomic white matter parameters of functional integrity of the corticospinal tract in high-grade glioma.,"Tractography has become a widely available tool for the planning of neurosurgical operations as well as for neuroscientific research. The absence of patient interaction makes it easily applicable. However, it leaves uncertainty about the functional relevance of the identified bundles. We retrospectively analyzed the correlation of white matter markers with their clinical function in 24 right-handed patients who underwent first surgery for high-grade glioma. Morphological affection of the corticospinal tract (CST) and grade of paresis were assessed before surgery. Tractography was performed manually with MRTrix3 and automatically with TractSeg. Median and mean fractional anisotropy (FA) from manual tractography showed a significant correlation with CST affection (p = 0.008) and paresis (p = 0.015, p = 0.026). CST affection correlated further most with energy, and surface-volume ratio (p = 0.014) from radiomic analysis. Paresis correlated most with maximum 2D column diameter (p = 0.005), minor axis length (p = 0.006), and kurtosis (p = 0.008) from radiomic analysis. Streamline count yielded no significant correlations. In conclusion, mean or median FA can be used for the assessment of CST integrity in high-grade glioma. Also, several radiomic parameters are suited to describe tract integrity and may be used to quantitatively analyze white matter in the future."
5544,brain tumour,38839858,Effects of protein-enriched nutritional support on skeletal muscle mass and rehabilitative outcomes in brain tumor patients: a randomized controlled trial.,"Patients with brain tumors require extensive and prolonged rehabilitation efforts as they suffer from lesion-induced motor weakness as well as treatment-related side effects, often leading to a significant decline in function. Protein supplements have shown positive effects on promoting muscle strength and physical performance in various tumor etiologies. However, reports on their effects specifically in brain tumor patients remain scarce. This study aims to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of protein supplements in enhancing rehabilitative outcomes via muscle strengthening and functional gain in brain tumor patients with neurological demise. Sixty brain tumor patients were randomly assigned to either a protein supplement or a control group, receiving either protein supplements or a placebo for 6 weeks, in conjunction with conventional rehabilitation therapy. Assessments before and after the intervention included laboratory tests, anthropometric measures using bioimpedance analysis, and functional assessments, which included the MMSE, the modified Barthel Index, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Brief Fatigue Inventory, the Timed Up and Go test, the 6-min walk test, the isokinetic quadriceps muscle strength test, and the handgrip power. After the intervention, the levels of serum hemoglobin, protein, albumin, and C-reactive protein were improved in both groups, however, the change was significant only in the protein group. The muscle strength was enhanced in both groups, however, the significant increase in pinch grasp power was only noted in the protein group (P < 0.05). The distance on 6MWT was also significantly extended at follow-up in the protein group (P < 0.01). In the subgroup analysis according to nutritional status, the moderate malnutrition group showed greater augmentation of muscle mass than those with adequate nutrition (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the amelioration of malnutrition was observed only the in protein group. This study using protein supplements to promote the rehabilitative potential of brain tumor patients revealed a significant effect on improving hemodynamic nutritional indices, muscle power reimbursement, and functional improvement, especially in malnourished patients. The safety and feasibility of protein supplements in brain tumor patients were affirmative in this study. Further studies with more patients may help confirm the secondary functional gain resulting from increased muscle power.Trial registration: This study was retrospectively registered in the Clinical Research Information Service, CRIS no. KCT0009113 on Jan 12, 2024."
5545,brain tumour,38839702,Clinical and molecular features of patients with IDH1 wild-type primary glioblastoma presenting unexpected short-term survival after gross total resection.,This study investigated the factors influencing short-term survivors (STS) after gross total resection (GTR) in patients with IDH1 wild-type primary glioblastoma.
5546,brain tumour,38839297,"Preventing Post-incisional Dural Shrink in Craniotomy: Introducing the ""Roll-up Technique"".","Dural dryness makes suturing difficult during dural closure after craniotomy. In this case, dural plasty is often performed using a membrane taken from the surrounding tissue (e.g., fascia or periosteum) or an artificial replacement membrane. Herein, we introduce our novel ""roll-up technique"" to reduce the utilization of substitute membranes and explore its effectiveness in dural closure. We retrospectively examined the medical records of 50 patients who underwent craniotomy for the first time for supratentorial intracranial lesions between 2015 and 2022. Furthermore, we divided them into two groups: (1) the conventional technique group, which consisted of patients in whom the dura mater was flipped after incision and protected with a moistened gauze (n = 23), and (2) the roll-up technique group, which consisted of patients in whom the dura mater was incised in a U shape, rolled up, and protected with a moist gauze (n = 27). After surgery, we compared the success rates of primary closure, operating time, craniotomy area, and percentage of complications (e.g., cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] leakage or infection) between the groups. Dural closure without dural substitutes using the roll-up technique had a higher success rate than that using the conventional technique (26/27 [96.3%] cases vs. 14/23 [60.9%] cases; P = 0.003). Postoperative CSF leakage or infection did not occur, and no statistically significant difference was observed in the operating time between the groups (P = 0.247). The roll-up technique for dural closure may effectively prevent post-incisional dural shrink after craniotomy."
5547,brain tumour,38839295,Epilepsy in Patients with Gliomas.,"Brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE) is a complication that significantly impairs the quality of life and course of treatment of patients with brain tumors. Several recent studies have shed further light on the mechanisms and pathways by which genes and biological molecules in the tumor microenvironment can cause epilepsy. Moreover, epileptic seizures have been found to promote the growth of brain tumors, making the control of epilepsy a critical factor in treating brain tumors. In this study, we summarize the previous research and recent findings concerning BTRE. Expectedly, a deeper understanding of the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms leads to safer and more effective treatments for suppressing epileptic symptoms and tumor growth."
5548,brain tumour,38838784,PEG length effect of peptide-functional liposome for blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration and brain targeting.,"Nanoparticles, in particular PEGylated, show great potential for in vivo brain targeted drug delivery. Nevertheless, how polyethylene glycol (PEG) length of nanoparticles affects their blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration or brain targeting is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the power of PEG chain-lengths (2, 3.4, 5, 10 kDa) in BBB penetration and brain targeting using Angiopep-2 peptide decorated liposomes. We found that PEG chain-length is critical, where the shorter PEG enabled the Angiopep-2 decorated liposomes to display more potent in vitro cell uptake via endocytosis. In contrast, their in vitro BBB penetration via transcytosis was much weaker relative to the liposomes with longer PEG chains, which result from their ineffective BBB exocytosis. Interestingly, the in vivo brain targeting aligns with the in vitro BBB penetration, as the long chain PEG-modified liposomes exerted superior brain accumulation both in normal or orthotropic glioblastoma (GBM) bearing mice, which could be ascribed to the combinational effect of prolonged circulation and enhanced BBB penetration of long chain PEG attached liposomes. These results demonstrate the crucial role of PEG length of nanoparticles for BBB penetration and brain targeting, providing guidance for PEG length selection in the design of nanocarrier for brain diseases treatment."
5549,brain tumour,38838551,A targetable PRR11-DHODH axis drives ferroptosis- and temozolomide-resistance in glioblastoma.,"Temozolomide (TMZ) is a widely utilized chemotherapy treatment for patients with glioblastoma (GBM), although drug resistance constitutes a major therapeutic hurdle. Emerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis-mediated therapy could offer an appropriate alternative treatment option against cancer cells that are resistant to certain drugs. However, recurrent gliomas display robust ferroptosis resistance, although the precise mechanism of resistance remains elusive. In the present work, we report that proline rich protein 11 (PRR11) depletion significantly sensitizes GBM cells to TMZ by inducing ferroptosis. Mechanistically, PRR11 directly binds to and stabilizes dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), which leads to glioma ferroptosis-resistant in a DHODH-dependent manner in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, PRR11 inhibits HERC4 and DHODH binding, by suppressing the recruitment of E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC4 and polyubiquitination degradation of DHODH at the K306 site, which maintains DHODH protein stability. Importantly, downregulated PRR11 increases lipid peroxidation and alters DHODH-mediated mitochondrial morphology, thereby promoting ferroptosis and increasing TMZ chemotherapy sensitivity. In conclusion, our results reveal a mechanism via which PRR11 drives ferroptosis resistance and identifies ferroptosis induction and TMZ as an attractive combined therapeutic strategy for GBM."
5550,brain tumour,38838315,Case 17-2024: A 45-Year-Old Woman with Metastatic Breast Cancer.,No abstract found
5551,brain tumour,38838276,Analysis of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Reveals an Enrichment of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 12 Structural Rearrangements in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Disease.,"Genomic alterations have been identified in patients with breast cancer brain metastases (BCBMs), but large structural rearrangements have not been extensively studied."
5552,brain tumour,38838233,Photon-Counting Detector CT Iodine Maps for Pituitary Adenoma in Cushing Disease.,No abstract found
5553,brain tumour,38837899,Activation of the Mevalonate Pathway in Response to Anti-cancer Treatments Drives Glioblastoma Recurrences Through Activation of Rac-1.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest adult brain cancer. Under the current standard of care, almost all patients succumb to the disease and novel treatments are urgently needed. Recognizing that GBMs are addicted to cholesterol, past clinical trials have repurposed statins against GBM but failed. The purpose of this study was to test whether treatments that upregulate the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway in GBM would generate a metabolic vulnerability that can be exploited using statins and to determine the underlying mechanisms.Effects of radiotherapy and temozolomide or dopamine receptor antagonists on the mevalonate pathway in GBM were assessed in vitro and in vivo. The impact of statins on self-renewal of glioma stem cells and median survival was studied. Branches of the mevalonate pathway were probed to identify relevant effector proteins.Cells surviving combination treatments that converge in activating the immediate early response, universally upregulated the mevalonate pathway and increased stemness of GBM cells through activation of the Rho-GTPase Rac-1. Activation of the mevalonate pathway and Rac-1 was inhibited by statins, which led to improved survival in mouse models of glioblastoma when combined with radiation and drugs that target the glioma stem cell pool and plasticity of glioma cells.We conclude that a combination of dopamine receptor antagonists and statins could potentially improve radiotherapy outcome and warrants further investigation."
5554,brain tumour,38837109,Metastatic extraneural glioblastoma diagnosed with molecular testing.,"Glioblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in adults, is associated with a median overall survival duration of less than 2 years. Extraneural metastases occur in less than 1% of all patients with glioblastoma. The mechanism of extraneural metastasis is unclear. We present a case of extensive extraneural, extraosseous, epidural, and soft-tissue metastasis of glioblastoma. The diagnosis of metastatic glioblastoma was made only after next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the metastatic paraspinal lesions was completed. The CDK4, pTERT, PTEN, and TP53 molecular alterations seen in the initial intracranial glioblastoma were found in the paraspinal tumor, along with the addition of MYC, which is implicated in angiogenesis and epidermal-to-mesenchymal transition. Immunohistochemical stains showed that neoplastic cells were negative for GFAP. In conclusion, this case raises awareness about the role of NGS in the diagnosis of extraneural glioblastoma. This diagnosis was not possible with histology alone and only became evident after molecular profiling of the metastatic lesions and its comparison to the original tumor."
5555,brain tumour,38837107,Multiple Options: How to Choose Therapy in Frontline Metastatic Melanoma.,"Given the rapid development of multiple targeted and immune therapies for patients with advanced melanoma, it can be challenging to select a therapy based on currently available data. This review aims to provide an overview of frontline options for metastatic melanoma, with practical guidance for selecting a treatment regimen."
5556,brain tumour,38837091,A Perspective on the Characterization of Early Neural Progenitor Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Targeted Delivery to Neuroblastoma Cells.,"As an element of the cellular signaling systems, extracellular vesicles (EVs) exhibit many desirable traits for usage as targeted delivery vehicles. When administered, EVs cause little to no toxic or immune response, stay in circulation for longer periods compared to synthetic carriers, preferentially accumulate in tissues that are the same or similar to their cell-of-origin and can pass through the blood-brain barrier. Combined, these traits make neural EVs a particularly promising tool for delivering drugs to the brain. This study aims to combine tissue and EVs engineering to prepare neural differentiated cells derived EVs that exhibit neural properties, to develop an effective, tissue-homing drug and gene delivery platform for the brain. Early neural differentiated cell-derived EVs were produced with neural characteristics from neural differentiated human neonatal dermal fibroblasts. The EVs carried key neural proteins such as Nestin, Sox2 and Doublecortin. The cellular uptake of early neural differentiated cell-derived EVs was higher compared to non-neural EVs during in vitro uptake assays on neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, eND-EVs were significantly decreased the viability of neuroblastoma cells. In conclusion, this study revealed that early neural differentiated cell-derived EVs have potential as a promising drug carrier for the treatment of various neural disorders."
5557,brain tumour,38837060,Resolving spatial response heterogeneity in glioblastoma.,Spatial intratumoral heterogeneity poses a significant challenge for accurate response assessment in glioblastoma. Multimodal imaging coupled with advanced image analysis has the potential to unravel this response heterogeneity.
5558,brain tumour,38837042,Has the blood-brain barrier finally been busted?,Faith in the blood-brain barrier has been remarkably resilient. This commentary questions its importance in the treatment of brain metastases.
5559,brain tumour,38837026,Whole exome sequencing analyses reveal novel genes in telomere length and their biomedical implications.,"Telomere length is a putative biomarker of aging and is associated with multiple age-related diseases. There are limited data on the landscape of rare genetic variations in telomere length. Here, we systematically characterize the rare variant associations with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) through exome-wide association study (ExWAS) among 390,231 individuals in the UK Biobank. We identified 18 robust rare-variant genes for LTL, most of which estimated effects on LTL were significant (> 0.2 standard deviation per allele). The biological functions of the rare-variant genes were associated with telomere maintenance and capping and several genes were specifically expressed in the testis. Three novel genes (ASXL1, CFAP58, and TET2) associated with LTL were identified. Phenotypic association analyses indicated significant associations of ASXL1 and TET2 with cancers, age-related diseases, blood assays, and cardiovascular traits. Survival analyses suggested that carriers of ASXL1 or TET2 variants were at increased risk for cancers; diseases of the circulatory, respiratory, and genitourinary systems; and all-cause and cause-specific deaths. The CFAP58 carriers were at elevated risk of deaths due to cancers. Collectively, the present whole exome sequencing study provides novel insights into the genetic landscape of LTL, identifying novel genes associated with LTL and their implications on human health and facilitating a better understanding of aging, thus pinpointing the genetic relevance of LTL with clonal hematopoiesis, biomedical traits, and health-related outcomes."
5560,brain tumour,38837019,Comparative evaluation of outcomes amongst different radiosurgery management paradigms for patients with large brain metastasis.,"This study compares four management paradigms for large brain metastasis (LMB): fractionated SRS (FSRS), staged SRS (SSRS), resection and postoperative-FSRS (postop-FSRS) or preoperative-SRS (preop-SRS)."
5561,brain tumour,38837018,White matter connectivity and social functioning in survivors of pediatric brain tumor.,"Survivors of pediatric brain tumors (SPBT) are at risk for social deficits, fewer friendships, and poor peer relations. SPBT also experience reduced brain connectivity via microstructural disruptions to white matter from neurological insults. Research with other populations implicates white matter connectivity as a key contributor to poor social functioning. This case-controlled diffusion-weighted imaging study evaluated structural connectivity in SPBT and typically developing controls (TDC) and associations between metrics of connectivity and social functioning."
5562,brain tumour,38837011,"Multi-omics Analysis Revealed that the CCN Family Regulates Cell Crosstalk, Extracellular Matrix, and Immune Escape, Leading to a Poor Prognosis of Glioma.","The CCN family is a group of matricellular proteins associated with the extracellular matrix. This study aims to explore the role of the CCN family in glioma development and its implications in the tumor microenvironment. Through analysis of bulk RNA-seq cohorts, correlations between CCN family expression and glioma subtypes, patient survival, and bioactive pathway enrichment were investigated. Additionally, single-cell datasets were employed to identify novel cell subgroups, followed by analyses of cell communication and transcription factors. Spatial transcriptomic analysis was utilized to validate the CCN family's involvement in glioma. Results indicate overexpression of CYR61,CTGF, and WISP1 in glioma, associated with unfavorable subtypes and reduced survival. Enrichment analyses revealed associations with oncogenic pathways, while CTGF and WISP1 expression correlated with increased infiltration of regulatory T cells and M2 macrophages. Single-cell analysis identified MES-like cells as the highest CCN expression. Moreover, intercellular signal transduction analysis demonstrated active pathways, including SPP1-CD44, in cell subgroups with elevated CYR61 and CTGF expression. Spatial transcriptomic analysis confirmed co-localization of CYR61,CTGF and SPP1-CD44 with high oncogenic pathway activity. These findings suggest that CCN family members may serve as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for glioma."
5563,brain tumour,38836983,Pan-Cancer Analysis and Experimental Validation of CEND1 as a Prognostic and Immune Infiltration-Associated Biomarker for Gliomas.,"Cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation 1 (CEND1), highly expressed in the brain, is a specific transmembrane protein which plays a tumor suppressor role. This study is performed to investigate the role of CEND1 in various cancers through pan-cancer analysis, and further investigate its functions in gliomas by cell experiments. The expression and subcellular localization of CEND1 in different cancer types were analyzed utilizing the data from the GEPIA, UCSC, UALCAN and HPA databases. Relationships of CEND1 expression with prognosis, immunomodulation-related genes, immune checkpoint genes, microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutation burden (TMB) and RNA modifications were analyzed based on the TCGA database. The ESTIMATE algorithm was utilized to evaluate tumors' StromalScore, Immune Score, and ESTIMATES Score. The cBioPortal database was employed to analyze the categories and frequencies of CEND1 gene alterations. Biological functions and co-expression patterns of CEND1 in gliomas were explored using the LinkedOmics database, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted. The interactions between CEND1 and drugs were explored employing the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and molecular docking technology. Cell experiments were conducted to analyze triptonide's effects on glioma cells through CCK-8, flow cytometry and qRT-PCR. CEND1 was lowly expressed in gliomas, and high CEND1 expression was correlated to better overall survival of glioma patients (HR = 0.65, P = 0.02). Deep deletion was the main type of hereditary change of CEND1 mutation. CEND1 expression was markedly associated with immune infiltration, TMB, MSI, and RNA modification in various tumors (r > 0.3, P < 0.05). CEND1 co-expressed genes in gliomas were markedly correlated with immune responses and cell cycle (FDR < 0.05). Triptonide could bind well to CEND1 (-5.0 kcal/mol), and triptonide could facilitate CEND1 expression in glioma cells and cell apoptosis, and block the cell cycle progression (P < 0.05). CEND1 serves as a potential biomarker for pan-cancer. Particularly in gliomas, CEND1 is a key regulator of cell apoptosis and cell cycle, and a potential target for glioma treatment."
5564,brain tumour,38836953,"Targeted Alpha Therapy for Glioblastoma: Review on In Vitro, In Vivo and Clinical Trials.","Glioblastoma (GB), a prevalent and highly malignant primary brain tumour with a very high mortality rate due to its resistance to conventional therapies and invasive nature, resulting in 5-year survival rates of only 4-17%. Despite recent advancements in cancer management, the survival rates for GB patients have not significantly improved over the last 10-20 years. Consequently, there exists a critical unmet need for innovative therapies. One promising approach for GB is Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT), which aims to selectively deliver potentially therapeutic radiation doses to malignant cells and the tumour microenvironment while minimising radiation exposure to surrounding normal tissue with or without conventional external beam radiation. This approach has shown promise in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. A review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines across Medline, SCOPUS, and Embase, identifying 34 relevant studies out of 526 initially found. In pre-clinical studies, TAT demonstrated high binding specificity to targeted GB cells, with affinity rates between 60.0% and 84.2%, and minimal binding to non-targeted cells (4.0-5.6%). This specificity significantly enhanced cytotoxic effects and improved biodistribution when delivered intratumorally. Mice treated with TAT showed markedly higher median survival rates compared to control groups. In clinical trials, TAT applied to recurrent GB (rGB) displayed varying success rates in extending overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival. Particularly effective when integrated into treatment regimens for both newly diagnosed and recurrent cases, TAT increased the median OS by 16.1% in newly diagnosed GB and by 36.4% in rGB, compared to current standard therapies. Furthermore, it was generally well tolerated with minimal adverse effects. These findings underscore the potential of TAT as a viable therapeutic option in the management of GB."
5565,brain tumour,38836759,Evaluating the Base Excision Repair Inhibitor TRC102 and Temozolomide for Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma in the Phase 2 Adult Brain Tumor Consortium Trial BERT.,"Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) have a dismal prognosis. Although the DNA alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) is the mainstay of chemotherapy, therapeutic resistance rapidly develops in patients. Base excision repair inhibitor TRC102 (methoxyamine) reverses TMZ resistance in preclinical glioma models. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral TRC102+TMZ in recurrent GBM (rGBM)."
5566,brain tumour,38836645,"Dopamine-Functionalized, Red Carbon Quantum Dots for ","One of the crucial requirements of quantum dots for biological applications is their surface modification for very specific and enhanced biological recognition and uptake. Toward this end, we present the green synthesis of bright, red-emitting carbon quantum dots derived from mango leaf extract (mQDs). These mQDs are conjugated electrostatically with dopamine to form mQDs-dopamine (mQDs:DOPA) bioconjugates. Bright-red fluorescence of mQDs was used for bioimaging and uptake in cancerous and noncancerous cell lines, tissues, and "
5567,brain tumour,38836617,Resting State Functional Networks in Gliomas: Validation With Direct Electric Stimulation of a New Tool for Planning Brain Resections.,"Precise mapping of functional networks in patients with brain tumor is essential for tailoring personalized treatment strategies. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) offers an alternative to task-based fMRI, capable of capturing multiple networks within a single acquisition, without necessitating task engagement. This study demonstrates a strong concordance between preoperative rs-fMRI maps and the gold standard intraoperative direct electric stimulation (DES) mapping during awake surgery."
5568,brain tumour,38836466,Cortical and subcortical structural changes in pediatric patients with infratentorial tumors.,This study aimed to detect supratentorial cortical and subcortical morphological changes in pediatric patients with infratentorial tumors.
5569,brain tumour,38836295,Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Anesthetic Management With Remimazolam Besylate and Flumazenil Versus Propofol During Awake Craniotomy Following an Asleep-awake-asleep Method.,Awake craniotomy is performed to resect brain tumors in eloquent brain areas to maximize tumor reduction and minimize neurological damage. Evidence suggests that intraoperative anesthetic management of awake craniotomy with remimazolam is safe. We compared the time to arousal and efficacy of anesthetic management with remimazolam and propofol during awake craniotomy.
5570,brain tumour,38836153,Right Atrial Mass Secondary to Breast Cancer Metastasis.,"We present the case of a 42-year-old female with a history of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) receptor-positive breast cancer status post bilateral mastectomy with metastasis to the spine and to the brain, who underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) after outpatient transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was suggestive of right atrial thrombus in transit. TEE revealed an atrial mass with a pedunculated stalk attached to the inferior right atrium near the inferior vena cava with a necrotic center. These findings were suggestive of an endocardial metastatic mass secondary to her primary breast cancer. The pericardium is the most common site of cardiac metastasis; meanwhile, endocardial involvement is infrequent, occurring in less than 5% of all cardiac metastases. Right atrial masses may cause evidence of right heart failure and thromboembolism of the pulmonary arteries. Treatment focuses on targeted chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and interventions as indicated. In this case, following the diagnosis of a right atrial mass, the patient was discharged the same day to begin outpatient chemotherapy."
5571,brain tumour,38836145,Awake Craniotomy for a Frontal Astrocytoma: A Case Report.,"Awake craniotomy is a surgical procedure that has been gaining significance over the past decades. Neuronavigation is an intraoperative technology that locates tumors and monitors the brain cortex during awake craniotomy. The presence of cerebral low-grade gliomas in the frontal lobe creates a risk of affecting vital centers of the brain cortex during surgery. We present a clinical case of a 42-year-old male patient who entered the neurosurgery clinic with a clinical manifestation of headache for two months. MRI showed evidence of the recurrence of a left frontal glioma. Differential diagnoses of frontal gliomas include metastases, abscesses, and cysts. The pathophysiologic background of the disease is the mutation of neuroglial cells, which leads to an abnormal and uncontrollable proliferation. Under sleep-awake anesthesia, operative treatment was performed through left frontal awake craniotomy under neuronavigation. As a result, a total excision was achieved. Motor functions of the right limbs and speech have been preserved. The patient was mobilized on the day after the intervention. Surgery-related complications were not observed. The patient had relief from the symptoms and was discharged on the fifth day. Awake craniotomy combined with neuronavigation was the most efficient and the least harmful method for the excision of the tumor. For low-grade gliomas localized in the frontal area of the encephalon, awake craniotomy is the only secure option for surgery."
5572,brain tumour,38836078,Upward Herniation in Awake Craniotomy: A Case Report.,"Awake craniotomy has been gaining popularity for the last decade. It allowed maximum tumor resection while avoiding neurological morbidity. However, this technique presents several challenges to both the neurosurgeon and anesthesiologist. In this case, we present a 33-year-old male who was diagnosed with low-grade glioma in the left parieto-occipital, which required surgical resection. Anatomically, the tumor was located in the language area. Hence, it was decided to perform an awake craniotomy excision of the tumor to allow intraoperative cortical mapping to preserve language functions. Intraoperative, a subdural hematoma was noted, and severe pain occurred. Eventually, this leads to an upward herniation of the brain parenchyma. The crisis was addressed promptly with maneuvers to decrease intracranial pressure. Awake craniotomy was abandoned, and the procedure was converted to general anesthesia without the benefit of intraoperative cortical mapping. It is important to note that complications may arise during the procedure, leading to significant harm and debilitation for the patient. Prompt crisis management is necessary to address these potential issues and ensure the highest level of care is provided."
5573,brain tumour,38835846,"Navigating breast cancer brain metastasis: Risk factors, prognostic indicators, and treatment perspectives.","In this editorial, we comment on the article by Chen "
5574,brain tumour,38835368,A glutamatergic biomarker panel enables differentiating Grade 4 gliomas/astrocytomas from brain metastases.,"The differentiation of high-grade glioma and brain tumors of an extracranial origin is eminent for the decision on subsequent treatment regimens. While in high-grade glioma, a surgical resection of the tumor mass is a fundamental part of current standard regimens, in brain metastasis, the burden of the primary tumor must be considered. However, without a cancer history, the differentiation remains challenging in the imaging. Hence, biopsies are common that may help to identify the tumor origin. An additional tool to support the differentiation may be of great help. For this purpose, we aimed to identify a biomarker panel based on the expression analysis of a small sample of tissue to support the pathological analysis of surgery resection specimens. Given that an aberrant glutamate signaling was identified to drive glioblastoma progression, we focused on glutamate receptors and key players of glutamate homeostasis."
5575,brain tumour,38835160,Risk factors for domain-specific neurocognitive outcome in pediatric survivors of a brain tumor in the posterior fossa-Results of the HIT 2000 trial.,"Neurocognition can be severely affected in pediatric brain tumor survivors. We analyzed the association of cognitive functioning with radiotherapy dose, postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome (pCMS), hydrocephalus, intraventricular methotrexate (MTX) application, tumor localization, and biology in pediatric survivors of a posterior fossa tumor."
5576,brain tumour,38835118,Multifaceted roles of trained immunity in diverse pathological contexts.,"Trained immunity, an innate immune response characterized by enhanced cellular responsiveness, exhibits a profound memory akin to adaptive immunity. This phenomenon involves intricate metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming triggered by stimuli such as β-glucan and BCG, shaping innate immune memory. Following elucidation of the background on trained immunity, it is important to explore its multifaceted roles in various pathological contexts. In this review, we delve into the specific contributions of trained immunity in the intricate landscape of viral infections, tumorigenesis, and diverse inflammatory diseases, shedding light on its potential as a therapeutic target, and offering comprehensive understanding of its broader immunological implications. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(10): 431-440]."
5577,brain tumour,38835114,Distinctive contribution of two additional residues in protein aggregation of Aβ42 and Aβ40 isoforms.,"Amyloid-β (Aβ) is one of the amyloidogenic intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that self-assemble to protein aggregates, incurring cell malfunction and cytotoxicity. While Aβ has been known to regulate multiple physiological functions, such as enhancing synaptic functions, aiding in the recovery of the blood-brain barrier/brain injury, and exhibiting tumor suppression/antimicrobial activities, the hydrophobicity of the primary structure promotes pathological aggregations that are closely associated with the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ proteins consist of multiple isoforms with 37-43 amino acid residues that are produced by the cleavage of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP). The hydrolytic products of APP are secreted to the extracellular regions of neuronal cells. Aβ 1-42 (Aβ42) and Aβ 1-40 (Aβ40) are dominant isoforms whose significance in AD pathogenesis has been highlighted in numerous studies to understand the molecular mechanism and develop AD diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on the differences between Aβ42 and Aβ40 in the molecular mechanism of amyloid aggregations mediated by the two additional residues (Ile41 and Ala42) of Aβ42. The current comprehension of Aβ42 and Aβ40 in AD progression is outlined, together with the structural features of Aβ42/Aβ40 amyloid fibrils, and the aggregation mechanisms of Aβ42/Aβ40. Furthermore, the impact of the heterogeneous distribution of Aβ isoforms during amyloid aggregations is discussed in the system mimicking the coexistence of Aβ42 and Aβ40 in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(6): 263-272]."
5578,brain tumour,38835076,A rare olive compound oleacein functions as a TrkB agonist and mitigates neuroinflammation both in vitro and in vivo.,"Neuroinflammation is widely acknowledged as a characteristic feature of almost all neurological disorders and specifically in depression- and anxiety-like disorders. In recent years, there has been significant attention on natural compounds with potent anti-inflammatory effects due to their potential in mitigating neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity."
5579,brain tumour,38835064,The opposing effect of acute and chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection on tumor development.,"The interplay between Toxoplasma gondii infection and tumor development is intriguing and not yet fully understood. Some studies showed that T. gondii reversed tumor immune suppression, while some reported the opposite, stating that T. gondii infection promoted tumor growth."
5580,brain tumour,38834884,Cell type mapping of inflammatory muscle diseases highlights selective myofiber vulnerability in inclusion body myositis.,"Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is the most prevalent inflammatory muscle disease in older adults with no effective therapy available. In contrast to other inflammatory myopathies such as subacute, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), IBM follows a chronic disease course with both inflammatory and degenerative features of pathology. Moreover, causal factors and molecular drivers of IBM progression are largely unknown. Therefore, we paired single-nucleus RNA sequencing with spatial transcriptomics from patient muscle biopsies to map cell-type-specific drivers underlying IBM pathogenesis compared with IMNM muscles and noninflammatory skeletal muscle samples. In IBM muscles, we observed a selective loss of type 2 myonuclei paralleled by increased levels of cytotoxic T and conventional type 1 dendritic cells. IBM myofibers were characterized by either upregulation of cell stress markers featuring GADD45A and NORAD or protein degradation markers including RNF7 associated with p62 aggregates. GADD45A upregulation was preferentially seen in type 2A myofibers associated with severe tissue inflammation. We also noted IBM-specific upregulation of ACHE encoding acetylcholinesterase, which can be regulated by NORAD activity and result in functional denervation of myofibers. Our results provide promising insights into possible mechanisms of myofiber degeneration in IBM and suggest a selective type 2 fiber vulnerability linked to genomic stress and denervation pathways."
5581,brain tumour,38834877,DSC-PWI presurgical differentiation of grade 4 astrocytoma and glioblastoma in young adults: rCBV percentile analysis across enhancing and non-enhancing regions.,"The presurgical discrimination of IDH-mutant astrocytoma grade 4 from IDH-wildtype glioblastoma is crucial for patient management, especially in younger adults, aiding in prognostic assessment, guiding molecular diagnostics and surgical planning, and identifying candidates for IDH-targeted trials. Despite its potential, the full capabilities of DSC-PWI remain underexplored. This research evaluates the differentiation ability of relative-cerebral-blood-volume (rCBV) percentile values for the enhancing and non-enhancing tumor regions compared to the more commonly used mean or maximum preselected rCBV values."
5582,brain tumour,38834748,Central nervous system regulation of diffuse glioma growth and invasion: from single unit physiology to circuit remodeling.,"Understanding the complex bidirectional interactions between neurons and glioma cells could help to identify new therapeutic targets. Herein, the techniques and application of novel neuroscience tools implemented to study the complex interactions between brain and malignant gliomas, their results, and the potential therapeutic opportunities were reviewed."
5583,brain tumour,38834745,CD57 defines a novel cancer stem cell that drive invasion of diffuse pediatric-type high grade gliomas.,Diffuse invasion remains a primary cause of treatment failure in pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG). Identifying cellular driver(s) of pHGG invasion is needed for anti-invasion therapies.
5584,brain tumour,38834690,In silico predicted compound targeting the IQGAP1-GRD domain selectively inhibits growth of human acute myeloid leukemia.,"Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is fatal in the majority of adults. Identification of new therapeutic targets and their pharmacologic modulators are needed to improve outcomes. Previous studies had shown that immunization of rabbits with normal peripheral WBCs that had been incubated with fluorodinitrobenzene elicited high titer antibodies that bound to a spectrum of human leukemias. We report that proteomic analyses of immunoaffinity-purified lysates of primary AML cells showed enrichment of scaffolding protein IQGAP1. Immunohistochemistry and gene-expression analyses confirmed IQGAP1 mRNA overexpression in various cytogenetic subtypes of primary human AML compared to normal hematopoietic cells. shRNA knockdown of IQGAP1 blocked proliferation and clonogenicity of human leukemia cell-lines. To develop small molecules targeting IQGAP1 we performed in-silico screening of 212,966 compounds, selected 4 hits targeting the IQGAP1-GRD domain, and conducted SAR of the 'fittest hit' to identify UR778Br, a prototypical agent targeting IQGAP1. UR778Br inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, resulted in G2/M arrest, and inhibited colony formation by leukemia cell-lines and primary-AML while sparing normal marrow cells. UR778Br exhibited favorable ADME/T profiles and drug-likeness to treat AML. In summary, AML shows response to IQGAP1 inhibition, and UR778Br, identified through in-silico studies, selectively targeted AML cells while sparing normal marrow."
5585,brain tumour,38834633,Brain network topology and its cognitive impact in adult glioma survivors.,"Structural brain network topology can be altered in case of a brain tumor, due to both the tumor itself and its treatment. In this study, we explored the role of structural whole-brain and nodal network metrics and their association with cognitive functioning. Fifty WHO grade 2-3 adult glioma survivors (> 1-year post-therapy) and 50 matched healthy controls underwent a cognitive assessment, covering six cognitive domains. Raw cognitive assessment scores were transformed into w-scores, corrected for age and education. Furthermore, based on multi-shell diffusion-weighted MRI, whole-brain tractography was performed to create weighted graphs and to estimate whole-brain and nodal graph metrics. Hubs were defined based on nodal strength, betweenness centrality, clustering coefficient and shortest path length in healthy controls. Significant differences in these metrics between patients and controls were tested for the hub nodes (i.e. n = 12) and non-hub nodes (i.e. n = 30) in two mixed-design ANOVAs. Group differences in whole-brain graph measures were explored using Mann-Whitney U tests. Graph metrics that significantly differed were ultimately correlated with the cognitive domain-specific w-scores. Bonferroni correction was applied to correct for multiple testing. In survivors, the bilateral putamen were significantly less frequently observed as a hub (p"
5586,brain tumour,38834312,Metastatic malignant struma ovarii to the pituitary presenting as a sellar mass and responding to total thyroidectomy with adjuvant radioactive iodine therapy.,"Malignant struma ovarii (MSO) is a rare ovarian teratoma composed primarily of thyroid tissue. Common sites of metastasis include peritoneum, bone, liver, lung, gastrointestinal tract and omentum. We present a woman in her 50s with a history of remote oophorectomy presenting with hypopituitarism and a 2.7 cm sellar mass. Trans-sphenoidal surgery for presumed pituitary macroadenoma achieved near total resection and resultant pathology surprisingly showed ectopic thyroid tissue. The patient acquired her ovarian pathology report from Southeast Asia which showed struma ovarii of the left ovary. The pituitary mass was thus determined to be a metastatic lesion from MSO. She underwent total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine ablation therapy with good initial response and no regrowth of the tissue or emergence of distant metastases after 5 years of annual follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of MSO to the pituitary."
5587,brain tumour,38834071,Cancer-specific epigenome identifies oncogenic hijacking by nuclear factor I family proteins for medulloblastoma progression.,"Normal cells coordinate proliferation and differentiation by precise tuning of gene expression based on the dynamic shifts of the epigenome throughout the developmental timeline. Although non-mutational epigenetic reprogramming is an emerging hallmark of cancer, the epigenomic shifts that occur during the transition from normal to malignant cells remain elusive. Here, we capture the epigenomic changes that occur during tumorigenesis in a prototypic embryonal brain tumor, medulloblastoma. By comparing the epigenomes of the different stages of transforming cells in mice, we identify nuclear factor I family of transcription factors, known to be cell fate determinants in development, as oncogenic regulators in the epigenomes of precancerous and cancerous cells. Furthermore, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of NFIB validated a crucial role of this transcription factor by disrupting the cancer epigenome in medulloblastoma. Thus, this study exemplifies how epigenomic changes contribute to tumorigenesis via non-mutational mechanisms involving developmental transcription factors."
5588,brain tumour,38833969,"Dissecting the prognostic signature of patients with astrocytoma isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant grade 4: a large multicenter, retrospective study.","The World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors classified astrocytoma isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant (A IDHm) with either microvascular proliferation and/or necrosis or homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/B as CNS grade 4 (CNS WHO G4), introducing a distinct entity and posing new challenges to physicians for appropriate management and prognostication."
5589,brain tumour,38833796,Considering Joule heating in coupled electroporation and electrodeformation modeling of glioblastoma cells.,"Cells exposed to a pulsed electric field undergo electroporation(EP) and electrodeformation(ED) under electric field stress, and a coupled model of EP and ED of glioblastoma(GBM) taking into account Joule heating is proposed. The model geometry is extracted from real cell boundaries, and the effects of Joule heating-induced temperature rise on the EP and ED processes are considered. The results show that the temperature rise will increase the cell's local conductivity, leading to a decrease in the transmembrane potential(TMP). The temperature rise also causes a decrease in the dynamic Young's modulus of the cell membrane, making the cell less resistant to deformation. In addition, GBM cells are more susceptible to EP in the middle portion of the cell and ED in the three tentacle portions under pulsed electric fields, and the cells undergo significant positional shifts. The ED of the nucleus is similar to spherical cells, but the degree of ED is smaller."
5590,brain tumour,38833641,Multidisciplinary Management of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Mutated Gliomas in a Contemporary Molecularly Defined Era.,"Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes, an early step in the ontogeny of lower-grade gliomas, induce global epigenetic changes characterized by a hypermethylation phenotype and are critical to tumor classification, treatment decision making, and estimation of patient prognosis. The introduction of IDH inhibitors to block the oncogenic neomorphic function of the mutated protein has resulted in new therapeutic options for these patients. To appreciate the implications of these recent IDH inhibitor results, it is important to juxtapose historical outcomes with chemoradiotherapy. Herein, we rationally evaluate recent IDH inhibitor data within historical precedents to guide contemporary decisions regarding the role of observation, maximal safe resection, adjuvant therapies, and the import of patient and tumor variables. The biological underpinnings of the IDH pathway and the mechanisms, impact, and limitations of IDH inhibitors, the actual magnitude of tumor regression and patient benefit, and emergence of resistance pathways are presented to guide future trial development. Management in the current, molecularly defined era will require careful patient selection and risk factor assessment, followed by an open dialog about the results of studies such as INDIGO, as well as mature data from legacy trials, and a discussion about risk-versus-benefit for the choice of treatment, with multidisciplinary decision making as an absolute prerequisite."
5591,brain tumour,38833451,High-throughput viable circulating tumor cell isolation using tapered-slit membrane filter-based chipsets in the differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors.,To evaluate the diagnostic performance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using tapered-slit membrane filter (TSF)-based chipsets for the differential diagnosis of adnexal tumors.
5592,brain tumour,38833313,Exploring a distinct FGFR2::DLG5 rearrangement in a low-grade neuroepithelial tumor: A case report and mini-review of protein fusions in brain tumors.,"We report the novel clinical presentation of a primary brain neoplasm in a 30-year-old man with a mass-like area in the anteromedial temporal lobe. Histopathological analysis revealed a low-grade neuroepithelial tumor with cytologically abnormal neurons and atypical glial cells within the cerebral cortex. Molecular analysis showed a previously undescribed FGFR2::DLG5 rearrangement. We discuss the clinical significance and molecular implications of this fusion event, shedding light on its potential impact on tumor development and patient prognosis. Additionally, an extensive review places the finding in this case in the context of protein fusions in brain tumors in general and highlights their diverse manifestations, underlying molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic implications."
5593,brain tumour,38833199,Protective effects of silymarin in glioblastoma cancer cells through redox system regulation.,"Glioblastoma multiforme, a deadly form of brain tumor, is characterized by aggressive growth and poor prognosis. Oxidative stress, a disruption in the balance between antioxidants and oxidants, is a crucial factor in its pathogenesis. Silymarin, a flavonoid extracted from milk thistle, has shown therapeutic potential in inhibiting cancer cell growth, promoting apoptosis, and reducing inflammation. It also regulates oxidative stress. This study aims to investigate the regulatory effects of silymarin on oxidative stress parameters, especially the transcription factor Nrf2 and its related enzymes in GBM cancer cells, to develop a new anti-cancer compound with low toxicity."
5594,brain tumour,38833044,Standards of care for medical management of acromegaly in pituitary tumor centers of excellence (PTCOE).,"A series of consensus guidelines on medical treatment of acromegaly have been produced in the last two decades. However, little information is available on their application in clinical practice. Furthermore, international standards of acromegaly care have not been published. The aim of our study was to report current standards of care for medical therapy of acromegaly, using results collected through an audit performed to validate criteria for definition of Pituitary Tumor Centers of Excellence (PTCOE)."
5595,brain tumour,38833032,Frailty in patients with IDH-mutant gliomas: experience from a high-volume tumor center.,"Gliomas are increasingly diagnosed in an aging population, with treatment outcomes influenced by factors like tumor genetics and patient frailty. This study focused on IDH-mutant gliomas and assessed how frailty affects 30-day readmission and overall survival (OS). We aimed to address a gap in understanding the impact of frailty on this specific glioma subtype."
5596,brain tumour,38832720,Shaping the future of molecular neurosurgery: Toward epigenetic precision in surgical neuro-oncology?,No abstract found
5597,brain tumour,38831935,Expertise in surgical neuro-oncology. Results of a survey by the EANS neuro-oncology section.,Technical advances and the increasing role of interdisciplinary decision-making may warrant formal definitions of expertise in surgical neuro-oncology.
5598,brain tumour,38831912,Dual targeting negative enrichment strategy for highly sensitive and purity detection of CTCs.,"Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have significant clinical value in early tumor detection, dynamic monitoring and immunotherapy. CTC detection stands out as a leading non-invasive approach for tumor diagnostics and therapeutics. However, the high heterogeneity of CTCs and the occurrence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during metastasis pose challenges to methods relying on EpCAM-positive enrichment. To address these limitations, a method based on negative enrichment of CTCs using specific leukocyte targets has been developed. In this study, aiming to overcome the low purity associated with immunomagnetic beads targeting solely the leukocyte common antigen CD45, we introduced CD66b-modified immunomagnetic beads. CD66b, a specific target for neutrophils with abundant residues, was chosen as a complementary approach. The process involved initial collection of nucleated cells from whole blood samples using density gradient centrifugation. Subsequently, magnetically labeled leukocytes were removed by magnetic field, enabling the capture of CTCs with higher sensitivity and purity while retaining their activity. Finally, we selected 20 clinical blood samples from patients with various cancers to validate the effectiveness of this strategy, providing a new generalized tool for the clinical detection of CTCs."
5599,brain tumour,38831719,Disturbance in cerebral blood microcirculation and hypoxic-ischemic microenvironment are associated with the development of brain metastasis.,"Brain metastases (BM) constitute an increasing challenge in oncology due to their impact on neurological function, limited treatment options, and poor prognosis. BM occurs through extravasation of circulating tumor cells across the blood-brain barrier. However, the extravasation processes are still poorly understood. We here propose a brain colonization process which mimics infarction-like microenvironmental reactions, that are dependent on Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)."
5600,brain tumour,38831716,Hereditary cutaneous leiomyomatosis and low-grade glioma due to a fumarate hydratase mutation.,No abstract found
5601,brain tumour,38831623,Antibiotic or gastric acid inhibitor use during pregnancy and postpartum depression: Population-based cohort study.,"Postpartum depression is one of the most common non-obstetric postnatal complications. As the microbiome (and gut-brain axis) as well as inflammation may be involved in the mechanism, we aimed to assess if antibiotic or gastric acid inhibition use during pregnancy affects the risk of postpartum depression (clinical diagnosis and/or antidepressant use up to 1 year after childbirth)."
5602,brain tumour,38831549,The interaction of family functioning and disease- and treatment-related factors on quality of life for children after cancer.,"Children with cancer experience low quality of life (QOL), yet heterogeneity underscores a need to understand how risk and resilience factors interact. This study evaluated if family functioning relates to QOL differentially depending on diagnosis and treatment intensity."
5603,brain tumour,38831467,Does clinical T1N0 GGN really require checking for distant metastasis during initial staging for lung cancer?,"Accurate clinical staging is crucial for selection of optimal oncological treatment strategies in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although brain MRI, bone scintigraphy and whole-body PET/CT play important roles in detecting distant metastases, there is a lack of evidence regarding the indication for metastatic staging in early NSCLCs, especially ground-grass nodules (GGNs). Our aim was to determine whether checking for distant metastasis is required in cases of clinical T1N0 GGN."
5604,brain tumour,38830977,An anion exchange membrane sensor detects EGFR and its activity state in plasma CD63 extracellular vesicles from patients with glioblastoma.,"We present a quantitative sandwich immunoassay for CD63 Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) and a constituent surface cargo, EGFR and its activity state, that provides a sensitive, selective, fluorophore-free and rapid alternative to current EV-based diagnostic methods. Our sensing design utilizes a charge-gating strategy, with a hydrophilic anion exchange membrane functionalized with capture antibodies and a charged silica nanoparticle reporter functionalized with detection antibodies. With sensitivity and robustness enhancement by the ion-depletion action of the membrane, this hydrophilic design with charged reporters minimizes interference from dispersed proteins, thus enabling direct plasma analysis without the need for EV isolation or sensor blocking. With a LOD of 30 EVs/μL and a high relative sensitivity of 0.01% for targeted proteomic subfractions, our assay enables accurate quantification of the EV marker, CD63, with colocalized EGFR by an operator/sample insensitive universal normalized calibration. We analysed untreated clinical samples of Glioblastoma to demonstrate this new platform. Notably, we target both total and ""active"" EGFR on EVs; with a monoclonal antibody mAb806 that recognizes a normally hidden epitope on overexpressed or mutant variant III EGFR. Analysis of samples yielded an area-under-the-curve (AUC) value of 0.99 and a low p-value of 0.000033, surpassing the performance of existing assays and markers."
5605,brain tumour,38830973,Integrated PBPK-EO modeling of osimertinib to predict plasma concentrations and intracranial EGFR engagement in patients with brain metastases.,The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model combined with an EGFR occupancy (EO) model for osimertinib (OSI) to predict plasma trough concentration (C
5606,brain tumour,38830885,The m6A reader HNRNPC promotes glioma progression by enhancing the stability of IRAK1 mRNA through the MAPK pathway.,"Glioma is the most common and aggressive type of primary malignant brain tumor. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification widely exists in eukaryotic cells and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of human tumors. However, the function and mechanism of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC), an RNA-binding protein and m6A reader in gliomas remains to be comprehensively and extensively explored. Herein, we found that HNRNPC mRNA and protein overexpression were associated with a poor prognosis for patients with gliomas, based on the data from TCGA, the CGGA, and the TMAs. Biologically, HNRNPC knockdown markedly repressed malignant phenotypes of glioma in vitro and in vivo, whereas ectopic HNRNPC expression had the opposite effect. Integrative RNA sequencing and MeRIP sequencing analyses identified interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) as a downstream target of HNRNPC. The glioma public datasets and tissue microarrays (TMAs) data indicated that IRAK1 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis, and IRAK1 knockdown significantly repressed malignant biological behavior in vitro. Mechanistically, HNRNPC maintains the mRNA stability of IRAK1 in an m6A-dependent manner, resulting in activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, which was necessary for the malignant behavior of glioma. Our findings demonstrate the HNRNPC-IRAK1-MAPK axis as a crucial carcinogenic factor for glioma and the novel underlying mechanism of IRAK1 upregulation, which provides a rationale for therapeutically targeting epitranscriptomic modulators in glioma."
5607,brain tumour,38830784,Role of oedema and shrinkage patterns for prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and survival outcomes in luminal breast cancer.,To explore the independent and additional value of oedema and shrinkage patterns for predicting the disease-free survival (DFS) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response in luminal breast cancer (BC).
5608,brain tumour,38830560,Involvement of RAGE in radiation-induced acquisition of malignant phenotypes in human glioblastoma cells.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly aggressive malignant tumor of the central nervous system, is mainly treated with radiotherapy. However, since irradiation may lead to the acquisition of migration ability by cancer cells, thereby promoting tumor metastasis and invasion, it is important to understand the mechanism of cell migration enhancement in order to prevent recurrence of GBM. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a pattern recognition receptor activated by high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). In this study, we found that RAGE plays a role in the enhancement of cell migration by γ-irradiation in human GBM A172 cells. γ-Irradiation induced actin remodeling, a marker of motility acquisition, and enhancement of cell migration in A172 cells. Both phenotypes were suppressed by specific inhibitors of RAGE (FPS-ZM1 and TTP488) or by knockdown of RAGE. The HMGB1 inhibitor ethyl pyruvate similarly suppressed γ-irradiation-induced enhancement of cell migration. In addition, γ-irradiation-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 was suppressed by RAGE inhibitors, and a STAT3 inhibitor suppressed γ-irradiation-induced enhancement of cell migration, indicating that STAT3 is involved in the migration enhancement downstream of RAGE. Our results suggest that HMGB1-RAGE-STAT3 signaling is involved in radiation-induced enhancement of GBM cell migration, and may contribute to GBM recurrence by promoting metastasis and invasion."
5609,brain tumour,38830487,Silencing CD28 attenuated chest blast exposure-induced traumatic brain injury through the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway in male mice.,"In modern war or daily life, blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) is a growing health concern. Our previous studies demonstrated that inflammation was one of the main features of bTBI, and CD28-activated T cells play a central role in inflammation. However, the mechanism of CD28 in bTBI remains to be elucidated. In this study, traumatic brain injury model induced by chest blast exposure in male mice was established, and the mechanism of CD28 in bTBI was studied by elisa, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry analysis and western blot. After exposure to chest shock wave, the inflammatory factors IL-4, IL-6 and HMGB1 in serum were increased, and CD3"
5610,brain tumour,38830269,Contralateral interhemispheric transcallosal transchoroidal approach to a thalamic glioma: illustrative case.,"Thalamic lesions located in the floor of the lateral ventricle pose significant surgical challenges, given their proximity to critical neurovascular structures. Transcortical approaches are often limited by risks of injuring the eloquent cortex and nearby vessels. Furthermore, lesions extending into the third ventricle further impede accessibility. The corticospinal tract (CST), situated close to the thalamus, presents a major obstacle. Diffusion tensor imaging plays a crucial role in overcoming these challenges by accurately delineating the CST's location relative to the lesion, enabling surgeons to plan minimally invasive and safe access."
5611,brain tumour,38830208,Bioprinted Multi-Composition Array Mimicking Tumor Microenvironments to Evaluate Drug Efficacy with Multivariable Analysis.,"Current organ-on-a-chip technologies confront limitations in effectively recapitulating the intricate in vivo microenvironments and accommodating diverse experimental conditions on a single device. Here, a novel approach for constructing a multi-composition tumor array on a single microfluidic device, mimicking complex transport phenomena within tumor microenvironments (TMEs) and allowing for simultaneous evaluation of drug efficacy across 12 distinct conditions is presented. The TME array formed by bioprinting on a microfluidic substrate consists of 36 individual TME models, each characterized by one of three different compositions and tested under four varying drug concentrations. Notably, the TME model exhibits precise compartmentalization, fostering the development of self-organized vascular endothelial barriers surrounding breast cancer spheroids affecting substance transport. Multivariable screening and analysis of diverse conditions, including model complexity, replicates, and drug concentrations, within a single microfluidic platform, highlight the synergistic potential of integrating bioprinting with microfluidics to evaluate drug responses across diverse TME conditions comprehensively."
5612,brain tumour,38830184,Prognostic Value of CSF IL-10 at Early Assessment of Induction Chemotherapy in Primary CNS Lymphomas: A LOC Network Study.,"Despite a high response rate at the first evaluation during induction chemotherapy, the risk of early relapse remains high and unpredictable in primary CNS lymphomas (PCSNLs). We aimed to assess the prognostic value of early IL-10 levels in CSF (e-IL-10) after 2 months of induction chemotherapy."
5613,brain tumour,38830073,Neuro-oncologic Emergencies.,"Neuro-oncologic emergencies have become more frequent as cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in the United States, second only to heart disease. This article highlights key aspects of epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of acute neurologic complications in primary central nervous system malignancies and systemic cancer, following three thematic classifications: (1) complications that are anatomically or intrinsically tumor-related, (2) complications that are tumor-mediated, and (3) complications that are treatment-related."
5614,brain tumour,38829959,"Clinicopathological features, prognostic factors, and prognostic survival prediction in patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer liver metastasis.","Extrahepatic bile duct cancer (EBDC) is a compound malignant tumor mainly consisting of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma. Most EBDC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage characterized by distant metastases, and the liver is one of the common sites of metastasis. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the clinicopathological features, identify prognostic risk factors, and assess the long-term prognosis of extrahepatic bile duct cancer liver metastasis (EBDCLM)."
5615,brain tumour,38829906,Incorporating Supramaximal Resection into Survival Stratification of IDH-wildtype Glioblastoma: A Refined Multi-institutional Recursive Partitioning Analysis.,To propose a novel recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) classification model in patients with IDH-wildtype glioblastomas that incorporates the recently expanded conception of the extent of resection (EOR) in terms of both supramaximal and total resections.
5616,brain tumour,38829826,Uncommon Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Intracranial Mass Lesions as the First Manifestation.,"BACKGROUND Multi-system damage is a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic systemic autoimmune disease. The typical initial symptoms of SLE are arthritis and dermatosis, whereas the presence of intracranial mass lesions as the first manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus is very rare. This report describes an 18-year-old woman with intracranial mass lesions associated with SLE. CASE REPORT An 18-year-old woman was initially admitted to the hospital because of headache for 3 days, weakness in left arm, and blurred vision for 1 day. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of her brain showed multiple abnormal occupying lesions in the right frontoparietal lobe. However, no evidence of tumor or infection was found. One month later, she was readmitted with right limb weakness and aphasia for 1 day. Brain MRI showed obvious and new abnormal signal shadows in both the right parietal lobe and the left frontotemporal parieto-occipital lobes compared with the previous MRI. She responded positively to immunotherapy, which, in a woman of child-bearing age, supports the diagnosis of SLE. Ultimately, the presence of focal neurological symptoms, abnormal autoantibodies (such as antinuclear antibodies, anti-dsDNA antibodies, anti-SSA autoantibodies, and anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies), as well as her positive response to immunotherapy, contributed to the diagnosis of SLE with intracranial mass lesions. No recurrence was seen during 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS It is unusual for SLE to present with intracranial mass lesions as the initial symptoms. The pathogenesis of the neurological symptoms of the patient may be small vessel thrombosis or vasculitis leading to cerebral mass-like necrosis."
5617,brain tumour,38829583,T2-FLAIR Mismatch Sign Predicts DNA Methylation Subclass and CDKN2A/B Status in IDH-Mutant Astrocytomas.,"DNA methylation profiling stratifies isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant astrocytomas into methylation low- and high-grade groups. We investigated the utility of the T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR) mismatch sign for predicting DNA methylation grade and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B (CDKN2A/B) homozygous deletion, a molecular biomarker for grade 4 IDH-mutant astrocytomas, according to the 2021 World Health Organization classification."
5618,brain tumour,38829577,Role of microsurgical tumor burden reduction in patients with breast cancer brain metastases considering molecular subtypes: a two-center volumetric survival analysis.,"Advancements in metastatic breast cancer (BC) treatment have enhanced overall survival (OS), leading to increased rates of brain metastases (BM). This study analyzes the association between microsurgical tumor reduction and OS in patients with BCBM, considering tumor molecular subtypes and perioperative treatment approaches."
5619,brain tumour,38829550,UCHL3 induces radiation resistance and acquisition of mesenchymal phenotypes by deubiquitinating POLD4 in glioma stem cells.,"The high degree of intratumoral genomic heterogeneity is a major obstacle for glioblastoma (GBM) tumors, one of the most lethal human malignancies, and is thought to influence conventional therapeutic outcomes negatively. The proneural-to-mesenchymal transition (PMT) of glioma stem cells (GSCs) confers resistance to radiation therapy in glioblastoma patients. POLD4 is associated with cancer progression, while the mechanisms underlying PMT and tumor radiation resistance have remained elusive."
5620,brain tumour,38829433,Endoscopic endonasal resection of symptomatic Rathke's cleft cysts: outcomes of the strategy to maintain the fenestration open.,The study intends to clarify the optimal endoscopic endonasal surgical strategy for symptomatic Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs).
5621,brain tumour,38829317,Diffuse midline (H3 K27M-mutant) glioma in adults-When resection fails to matter.,No abstract found
5622,brain tumour,38828959,Phase II Efficacy and Safety of 80 mg Osimertinib in Patients With Leptomeningeal Metastases Associated With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (BLOSSOM).,"Leptomeningeal metastases (LMs) exhibit a high incidence in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) post-treatment with first- or second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This investigation evaluates the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of 80 mg once daily osimertinib in patients with LMs resistant to prior first- or second-generation EGFR TKIs."
5623,brain tumour,38828957,CNS Protective Effect of Selpercatinib in First-Line ,
5624,brain tumour,38828848,"PAK2 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung squamous cell carcinoma through LIMK1/cofilin signaling pathway.","Although the p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2) is an essential serine/threonine protein kinase, its role in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) progression has yet to be fully understood. We analyzed "
5625,brain tumour,38828688,TRIM24 Cooperates with Ras Mutation to Drive Glioma Progression through snoRNA Recruitment of PHAX and DNA-PKcs.,"The factors driving glioma progression remain poorly understood. Here, the epigenetic regulator TRIM24 is identified as a driver of glioma progression, where TRIM24 overexpression promotes HRas"
5626,brain tumour,38828478,Raman-based machine-learning platform reveals unique metabolic differences between IDHmut and IDHwt glioma.,"Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue slides are routinely used in cancer diagnosis, clinical decision-making, and stored in biobanks, but their utilization in Raman spectroscopy-based studies has been limited due to the background coming from embedding media."
5627,brain tumour,38828259,Tension Subdural Hygroma Following Resection of Posterior Fossa Tumour in a Child: A new clinico-radio-pathological entity.,"Persistent hydrocephalus is common in children after resection of posterior fossa tumours. However, occurrence of subdural hygroma is very rare. We report the case of a 14-month-old child who presented at a paediatric neurology clinic in Muscat, Oman in 2021 who developed a tense subdural hygroma with stable hydrocephalus, in the early postoperative period, following posterior fossa tumour resection. We describe the distinctive clinical, radiological and pathological features associated with the development of a tense subdural hygroma. We also discuss the management by cerebrospinal fluid diversion, which includes either a ventriculoperitoneal or subduroperitoneal shunt. This unique condition is distinguished from external hydrocephalus by features that are critical to the management strategy."
5628,brain tumour,38828199,TET1-Lipid Nanoparticle Encapsulating Morphine for Specific Targeting of Peripheral Nerve for Pain Alleviation.,"Opioids are irreplaceable analgesics owing to the lack of alternative analgesics that offer opioid-like pain relief. However, opioids have many undesirable central side effects. Restricting opioids to peripheral opioid receptors could reduce those effects while maintaining analgesia."
5629,brain tumour,38828195,Brain Targeting Nanomedicines: Pitfalls and Promise.,"Brain diseases are the most devastating problem among the world's increasingly aging population, and the number of patients with neurological diseases is expected to increase in the future. Although methods for delivering drugs to the brain have advanced significantly, none of these approaches provide satisfactory results for the treatment of brain diseases. This remains a challenge due to the unique anatomy and physiology of the brain, including tight regulation and limited access of substances across the blood-brain barrier. Nanoparticles are considered an ideal drug delivery system to hard-to-reach organs such as the brain. The development of new drugs and new nanomaterial-based brain treatments has opened various opportunities for scientists to develop brain-specific delivery systems that could improve treatment outcomes for patients with brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke and brain tumors. In this review, we discuss noteworthy literature that examines recent developments in brain-targeted nanomedicines used in the treatment of neurological diseases."
5630,brain tumour,38828158,Nanoparticle drug delivery system for the treatment of brain tumors: Breaching the blood-brain barrier.,The current status of clinical trials utilizing nanoparticle drug delivery system (NDDS) for brain tumors was summarized.Image 1.
5631,brain tumour,38828148,Suppressing Wnt signaling of the blood‒tumor barrier to intensify drug delivery and inhibit lipogenesis of brain metastases.,"Lipogenesis is often highly upregulated in breast cancer brain metastases to adapt to intracranial low lipid microenvironments. Lipase inhibitors hold therapeutic potential but their intra-tumoral distribution is often blocked by the blood‒tumor barrier (BTB). BTB activates its Wnt signaling to maintain barrier properties, "
5632,brain tumour,38828069,Analysis of Hybrid Feature Optimization Techniques Based on the Classification Accuracy of Brain Tumor Regions Using Machine Learning and Further Evaluation Based on the Institute Test Data.,"The goal of this study was to get optimal brain tumor features from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images and classify them based on the three groups of the tumor region: Peritumoral edema, enhancing-core, and necrotic tumor core, using machine learning classification models."
5633,brain tumour,38827949,Uses of artificial intelligence in glioma: A systematic review.,"Glioma is the most prevalent type of primary brain tumor in adults. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in glioma is increasing and has exhibited promising results. The present study performed a systematic review of the applications of AI in glioma as regards diagnosis, grading, prediction of genotype, progression and treatment response using different databases. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the trends (main directions) of the recent applications of AI within the field of glioma, and to highlight emerging challenges in integrating AI within clinical practice. A search in four databases (Scopus, PubMed, Wiley and Google Scholar) yielded a total of 42 articles specifically using AI in glioma and glioblastoma. The articles were retrieved and reviewed, and the data were summarized and analyzed. The majority of the articles were from the USA (n=18) followed by China (n=11). The number of articles increased by year reaching the maximum number in 2022. The majority of the articles studied glioma as opposed to glioblastoma. In terms of grading, the majority of the articles were about both low-grade glioma (LGG) and high-grade glioma (HGG) (n=23), followed by HGG/glioblastoma (n=13). Additionally, three articles were about LGG only; two articles did not specify the grade. It was found that one article had the highest sample size among the other studies, reaching 897 samples. Despite the limitations and challenges that face AI, the use of AI in glioma has increased in recent years with promising results, with a variety of applications ranging from diagnosis, grading, prognosis prediction, and reaching to treatment and post-operative care."
5634,brain tumour,38827378,Natural History and Real-World Treatment Outcomes for Patients With NSCLC Having ,"EGFR exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations account for approximately 10% of EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma. Patients with ex20ins mutation do not respond to standard EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. In this work, we analyzed the characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes in this subgroup of patients with NSCLC."
5635,brain tumour,38827324,"The interplay mechanism between IDH mutation, MGMT-promoter methylation, and PRMT5 activity in the progression of grade 4 astrocytoma: unraveling the complex triad theory.","The dysregulation of Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and the subsequent production of 2-Hydroxyglutrate (2HG) may alter the expression of epigenetic proteins in Grade 4 astrocytoma. The interplay mechanism between IDH, O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase ("
5636,brain tumour,38827243,Differential blood-based biomarkers of subcortical and deep brain small vessel disease.,"Cerebral small vessel disease is the most common cause of lacunar strokes (LS). Understanding LS pathogenesis is vital for predicting disease severity, prognosis, and developing therapies."
5637,brain tumour,38826927,Double Trouble: A Case Report on the Surgical Management of Dual Intracranial Metastases.,"Intracranial metastasis disease (IMD) has proven to be a frequent secondary occurrence, usually for primary cancers such as lung, breast, and melanoma, which have a high possibility of metastasizing to the brain. Due to the reasons listed above, treatment and early diagnosis are incredibly challenging. In the past decade, medicine has developed much better imaging solutions and radiological and surgical approaches, increasing the postoperative survival prognosis and achieving more time-efficient results. It is still exceptionally difficult to be able to prevent what type of metastasis a patient might develop other than by using the tumor type or subtype. We present a case of a 51-year-old female patient entering the Neurosurgical Clinic at the University Hospital ""St. Ivan Rilski"" for operative treatment of a second metastatic lesion located on the left parietal lobe in January 2024. She had previously had an operative resection of an initial lesion located on the left temporal lobe in December 2023. Her medical history began in 2015 when her first diagnosis was a breast carcinoma, followed by operative treatment and radio-, chemo-, and targeted therapy. In 2020, due to metastases located in the bones, she had to undergo another treatment with chemotherapy as well as have a total hysterectomy done as a result of another metastasis. The patient did not provide any family history, nor did she confirm any past or current allergies to foods, drugs, etc. Under general inhalation anesthesia, the patient was placed in a park bench position to the right and had a Mayfield head holder applied. Through a left parietal craniotomy and neuronavigation, a tumor formation was revealed with the characteristic of a secondary lesion. A gross total resection was achieved through a microsurgical technique. Postoperatively, there were no further complications observed in the patient, and she was discharged on day five from the hospital with relief of her symptoms."
5638,brain tumour,38826790,Exploring the neural basis of non-invasive prehabilitation in brain tumour patients: An fMRI-based case report of language network plasticity.,"Primary brain neoplasms are associated with elevated mortality and morbidity rates. Brain tumour surgery aims to achieve maximal tumour resection while minimizing damage to healthy brain tissue. Research on Neuromodulation Induced Cortical Prehabilitation (NICP) has highlighted the potential, before neurosurgery, of establishing new brain connections and transfer functional activity from one area of the brain to another. Nonetheless, the neural mechanisms underlying these processes, particularly in the context of space-occupying lesions, remain unclear. A patient with a left frontotemporoinsular tumour underwent a prehabilitation protocol providing 20 sessions of inhibitory non-invasive neuromodulation (rTMS and multichannel tDCS) over a language network coupled with intensive task training. Prehabilitation resulted in an increment of the distance between the tumour and the language network. Furthermore, enhanced functional connectivity within the language circuit was observed. The present innovative case-study exposed that inhibition of the functional network area surrounding the space-occupying lesion promotes a plastic change in the network's spatial organization, presumably through the establishment of novel functional pathways away from the lesion's site. While these outcomes are promising, prudence dictates the need for larger studies to confirm and generalize these findings."
5639,brain tumour,38826788,The HER2 flip-HER2 amplification of tumor cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of breast cancer patients with leptomeningeal disease: implications for treating the LM tumor with anti-HER2 therapy.,"CNSide is a platform that detects and characterizes tumor cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with leptomeningeal disease (LMD). The platform was validated per College of American Pathologists (CAP) and Clinical Laboratories Improvement Amendment (CLIA) guidelines and run as a commercial Laboratory Developed Test (LDT) at Biocept in San Diego, CA. The platform allows CSF tumor cell (CSF-TC) enumeration and biomarker characterization by fluorescent "
5640,brain tumour,38826670,Recognition of autism spectrum disorder in children based on electroencephalogram network topology.,"Although our knowledge of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been deepened, the accurate diagnosis of ASD from normal individuals is still left behind. In this study, we proposed to apply the spatial pattern of the network topology (SPN) to identify children with ASD from normal ones. Based on two independent batches of electroencephalogram datasets collected separately, the accurate recognition of ASD from normal children was achieved by applying the proposed SPN features. Since decreased long-range connectivity was identified for children with ASD, the SPN features extracted from the distinctive topological architecture between two groups in the first dataset were used to validate the capacity of SPN in classifying ASD, and the SPN features achieved the highest accuracy of 92.31%, which outperformed the other features e.g., power spectrum density (84.62%), network properties (76.92%), and sample entropy (73.08%). Moreover, within the second dataset, by using the model trained in the first dataset, the SPN also acquired the highest sensitivity in recognizing ASD, when compared to the other features. These results consistently illustrated that the functional brain network, especially the intrinsic spatial network topology, might be the potential biomarker for the diagnosis of ASD."
5641,brain tumour,38826227,Network Analyses of Brain Tumor Patients' Multiomic Data Reveals Pharmacological Opportunities to Alter Cell State Transitions.,"Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) remains a particularly difficult cancer to treat, and survival outcomes remain poor. In addition to the lack of dedicated drug discovery programs for GBM, extensive intratumor heterogeneity and epigenetic plasticity related to cell-state transitions are major roadblocks to successful drug therapy in GBM. To study these phenomenon, publicly available snRNAseq and bulk RNAseq data from patient samples were used to categorize cells from patients into four cell states (i.e. phenotypes), namely: (i) neural progenitor-like (NPC-like), (ii) oligodendrocyte progenitor-like (OPC-like), (iii) astrocyte- like (AC-like), and (iv) mesenchymal-like (MES-like). Patients were subsequently grouped into subpopulations based on which cell-state was the most dominant in their respective tumor. By incorporating phosphoproteomic measurements from the same patients, a protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) was constructed for each cell state. These four-cell state PPINs were pooled to form a single Boolean network that was used for "
5642,brain tumour,38826201,Simulating the Impact of Tumor Mechanical Forces on Glymphatic Networks in the Brain Parenchyma.,"The brain glymphatic system is currently being explored in the context of many neurological disorders and diseases, including traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and ischemic stroke. However, little is known about the impact of brain tumors on glymphatic function. Mechanical forces generated during tumor development and growth may be responsible for compromised glymphatic transport pathways, reducing waste clearance and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport in the brain parenchyma. One such force is solid stress, i.e., growth-induced forces from cell hyperproliferation and excess matrix deposition. Because there are no prior studies assessing the impact of tumor-derived solid stress on glymphatic system structure and performance in the brain parenchyma, this study serves to fill an important gap in the field."
5643,brain tumour,38826074,Quality of Life Factors and Measurement in Adult Meningioma Patients: A Systematic Review.,"Meningiomas are common brain neoplasms that can significantly influence health-related quality of life (HRQOL), yet the factors influencing HRQOL in adult patients remain unclear. We aimed to bridge this knowledge gap by determining these key factors."
5644,brain tumour,38825907,[Multiple primary tumors in children: a clinicopathological analysis of four cases].,
5645,brain tumour,38825904,[Clinicopathological characteristics of gangliogliomas with anaplastic morphology].,
5646,brain tumour,38825657,Antitumor efficacy and potential mechanism of FAP-targeted radioligand therapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade.,"Radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade holds great promise for synergistic antitumor efficacy. Targeted radionuclide therapy delivers radiation directly to tumor sites. LNC1004 is a fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-targeting radiopharmaceutical, conjugated with the albumin binder Evans Blue, which has demonstrated enhanced tumor uptake and retention in previous preclinical and clinical studies. Herein, we demonstrate that "
5647,brain tumour,38825654,Impact of PD-L1 Expression on the Overall Survival of Caucasian Patients with Advanced EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Treated with Frontline Osimertinib.,"The treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring an oncogenic epidermal growth factor receptor mutation (EGFRm) is currently based on osimertinib, a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). High Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression ≥ 50% demonstrated to be a negative prognostic factor, mostly among Asian populations treated with 1st/2nd generation TKI."
5648,brain tumour,38825648,Dissecting the MUC5AC/ANXA2 signaling axis: implications for brain metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma.,"Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) exhibits a heightened propensity for brain metastasis, posing a significant clinical challenge. Mucin 5ac (MUC5AC) plays a pivotal role in the development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD); however, its role in causing brain metastases remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the contribution of MUC5AC to brain metastasis in patients with LUAD utilizing various brain metastasis models. Our findings revealed a substantial increase in the MUC5AC level in LUAD brain metastases (LUAD-BrM) samples and brain-tropic cell lines compared to primary samples or parental control cell lines. Intriguingly, depletion of MUC5AC in brain-tropic cells led to significant reductions in intracranial metastasis and tumor growth, and improved survival following intracardiac injection, in contrast to the observations in the control groups. Proteomic analysis revealed that mechanistically, MUC5AC depletion resulted in decreased expression of metastasis-associated molecules. There were increases in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, tumor invasiveness, and metastasis phenotypes in tumors with high MUC5AC expression. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation and proteomic analysis revealed a novel interaction of MUC5AC with Annexin A2 (ANXA2), which activated downstream matrix metalloproteases and facilitated extracellular matrix degradation to promote metastasis. Disrupting MUC5AC-ANXA2 signaling with a peptide inhibitor effectively abrogated the metastatic process. Additionally, treatment of tumor cells with an astrocyte-conditioned medium or the chemokine CCL2 resulted in upregulation of MUC5AC expression and enhanced brain colonization. In summary, our study demonstrates that the MUC5AC/ANXA2 signaling axis promotes brain metastasis, suggesting a potential therapeutic paradigm for LUAD patients with high MUC5AC expression."
5649,brain tumour,38825331,Antidepressant drugs and risk of developing glioma: a national registry-based case-control study and a meta-analysis.,"Whether use of antidepressants is related to the risk of developing lower-grade (WHO grades 2-3) and higher-grade (WHO grade 4) glioma was investigated in this study. A registry-based case-control study was performed with 1283 glioma case patients and 6400 age-, sex-, and geographically matched control participants who were diagnosed in Sweden during 2009-2013. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or non-SSRIs were associated with the risk of developing lower- or higher-grade glioma in the study population. Our results show that use of antidepressant medication was not associated with the risk of developing glioma. We also performed a meta-analysis in which the data set from the present study was combined with results from 2 previous epidemiologic studies to answer the same questions. The meta-analysis showed a modest risk reduction of developing glioma in relation to antidepressant treatment (odds ratio = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83-0.97) when all glioma subgroups and all forms of antidepressant medications were combined. In conclusion, it remains possible that antidepressants may have common monoaminergic mechanism(s) that reduce the risk of developing glioma."
5650,brain tumour,38825017,Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase suppresses tumor progression and shapes an anti-tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma.,"Crotonylation, a crotonyl-CoA-based non-enzymatic protein translational modification, affects diverse biological processes, such as spermatogenesis, tissue injury, inflammation, and neuropsychiatric diseases. Crotonylation is decreased in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), but the mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we aim to describe the role of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH) in tumor suppression."
5651,brain tumour,38824833,Peptides derived from growth factors: Exploring their diverse impact from antimicrobial properties to neuroprotection.,"Growth factor-derived peptides are bioactive molecules that play a crucial role in various physiological processes within the human body. Over the years, extensive research has revealed their diverse applications, ranging from antimicrobial properties to their potential in neuroprotection and treating various diseases. These peptides exhibit innate immune responses and have been found to possess potent antimicrobial properties against a wide range of pathogens. Growth factor-derived peptides have demonstrated the ability to promote neuronal survival, prevent cell death, and stimulate neural regeneration. As a result, they hold immense promise in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, as well as in the management of traumatic brain injuries. Moreover, growth factor-derived peptides have shown potential for supporting tissue repair and wound healing processes. By enhancing cell proliferation and migration, these peptides contribute to the regeneration of damaged tissues and promote a more efficient healing response. The applications of growth factor-derived peptides extend beyond their therapeutic potential in health; they also have a role in various disease conditions. For example, researchers have explored their influence on cancer cells, where some peptides have demonstrated anti-cancer properties, inhibiting tumor growth and promoting apoptosis in cancer cells. Additionally, their immunomodulatory properties have been investigated for potential applications in autoimmune disorders. Despite the immense promise shown by growth factor-derived peptides, some challenges need to be addressed. Nevertheless, ongoing research and advancements in biotechnology offer promising avenues to overcome these obstacles. The review summarizes the foundational biology of growth factors and the intricate signaling pathways in various physiological processes as well as diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular ailments, and metabolic syndromes."
5652,brain tumour,38824789,Multiple organ segmentation framework for brain metastasis radiotherapy.,"Radiotherapy is a preferred treatment for brain metastases, which kills cancer cells via high doses of radiation meanwhile hardly avoiding damage to surrounding healthy cells. Therefore, the delineation of organs-at-risk (OARs) is vital in treatment planning to minimize radiation-induced toxicity. However, the following aspects make OAR delineation a challenging task: extremely imbalanced organ sizes, ambiguous boundaries, and complex anatomical structures. To alleviate these challenges, we imitate how specialized clinicians delineate OARs and present a novel cascaded multi-OAR segmentation framework, called OAR-SegNet. OAR-SegNet comprises two distinct levels of segmentation networks: an Anatomical-Prior-Guided network (APG-Net) and a Point-Cloud-Guided network (PCG-Net). Specifically, APG-Net handles segmentation for all organs, where multi-view segmentation modules and a deep prior loss are designed under the guidance of prior knowledge. After APG-Net, PCG-Net refines small organs through the mini-segmentation and the point-cloud alignment heads. The mini-segmentation head is further equipped with the deep prior feature. Extensive experiments were conducted to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method compared to other state-of-the-art medical segmentation methods."
5653,brain tumour,38824788,Privacy-preserving blockchain-based federated learning for brain tumor segmentation.,"Improved data sharing between healthcare providers can lead to a higher probability of accurate diagnosis, more effective treatments, and enhanced capabilities of healthcare organizations. One critical area of focus is brain tumor segmentation, a complex task due to the heterogeneous appearance, irregular shape, and variable location of tumors. Accurate segmentation is essential for proper diagnosis and effective treatment planning, yet current techniques often fall short due to these complexities. However, the sensitive nature of health data often prohibits its sharing. Moreover, the healthcare industry faces significant issues, including preserving the privacy of the model and instilling trust in the model. This paper proposes a framework to address these privacy and trust issues by introducing a mechanism for training the global model using federated learning and sharing the encrypted learned parameters via a permissioned blockchain. The blockchain-federated learning algorithm we designed aggregates gradients in the permissioned blockchain to decentralize the global model, while the introduced masking approach retains the privacy of the model parameters. Unlike traditional raw data sharing, this approach enables hospitals or medical research centers to contribute to a globally learned model, thereby enhancing the performance of the central model for all participating medical entities. As a result, the global model can learn about several specific diseases and benefit each contributor with new disease diagnosis tasks, leading to improved treatment options. The proposed algorithm ensures the quality of model data when aggregating the local model, using an asynchronous federated learning procedure to evaluate the shared model's quality. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme for the critical and challenging task of brain tumor segmentation. Specifically, our method achieved a 1.99% improvement in Dice similarity coefficient for enhancing tumors and a 19.08% reduction in Hausdorff distance for whole tumors compared to the baseline methods, highlighting the significant advancement in segmentation performance and reliability."
5654,brain tumour,38824700,"Click-chemistry mediated synthesis of OTBN-1,2,3-Triazole derivatives exhibiting STK33 inhibition with diverse anti-cancer activities.","There is a continuous and pressing need to establish new brain-penetrant bioactive compounds with anti-cancer properties. To this end, a new series of 4'-((4-substituted-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carbonitrile (OTBN-1,2,3-triazole) derivatives were synthesized by click chemistry. The series of bioactive compounds were designed and synthesized from diverse alkynes and N"
5655,brain tumour,38824656,Somatostatin receptor 2A expression in von Hippel-Lindau-related hemangioblastomas.,"Central nervous system hemangioblastomas are the most prevalent manifestation of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease and remain the main cause of mortality. Surgical resection is the primary treatment strategy, but is not always possible, and should be used as restrictively as possible. There is an unmet need for less invasive treatment strategies, such as targeted therapy. Expression of somatostatin receptor 2A (SSTR2A) in VHL-related hemangioblastomas has been described earlier, but the extent of expression in a larger population has yet to be determined. The authors hypothesize that a substantial subset of VHL-related hemangioblastomas show SSTR2A expression, which may serve as a potential new treatment target."
5656,brain tumour,38824270,ZNF384 transcriptionally activated MGST1 to confer TMZ resistance of glioma cells by negatively regulating ferroptosis.,Drug resistance is one of the major reasons of the poor prognosis and recurs frequently in glioma. Ferroptosis is considered to be a new therapeutic strategy for glioma.
5657,brain tumour,38824202,Mitochondrial RNA modification-based signature to predict prognosis of lower grade glioma: a multi-omics exploration and verification study.,"Mitochondrial RNA modification (MRM) plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of key mitochondrial genes and promoting tumor metastasis. Despite its significance, comprehensive studies on MRM in lower grade gliomas (LGGs) remain unknown. Single-cell RNA-seq data (GSE89567) was used to evaluate the distribution functional status, and correlation of MRM-related genes in different cell types of LGG microenvironment. We developed an MRM scoring system by selecting potential MRM-related genes using LASSO regression analysis and the Random Survival Forest algorithm, based on multiple bulk RNA-seq datasets from TCGA, CGGA, GSE16011, and E-MTAB-3892. Analysis was performed on prognostic and immunological features, signaling pathways, metabolism, somatic mutations and copy number variations (CNVs), treatment responses, and forecasting of potential small-molecule agents. A total of 35 MRM-related genes were selected from the literature. Differential expression analysis of 1120 normal brain tissues and 529 LGGs revealed that 22 and 10 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Most genes were associated with prognosis of LGG. METLL8, METLL2A, TRMT112, and METTL2B were extensively expressed in all cell types and different cell cycle of each cell type. Almost all cell types had clusters related to mitochondrial RNA processing, ribosome biogenesis, or oxidative phosphorylation. Cell-cell communication and Pearson correlation analyses indicated that MRM may promoting the development of microenvironment beneficial to malignant progression via modulating NCMA signaling pathway and ICP expression. A total of 11 and 9 MRM-related genes were observed by LASSO and the RSF algorithm, respectively, and finally 6 MRM-related genes were used to establish MRM scoring system (TRMT2B, TRMT11, METTL6, METTL8, TRMT6, and TRUB2). The six MRM-related genes were then validated by qPCR in glioma and normal tissues. MRM score can predict the malignant clinical characteristics, abundance of immune infiltration, gene variation, clinical outcome, the enrichment of signaling pathways and metabolism. In vitro experiments demonstrated that silencing METTL8 significantly curbs glioma cell proliferation and enhances apoptosis. Patients with a high MRM score showed a better response to immunotherapies and small-molecule agents such as arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone, MS.275, AH.6809, tacrolimus, and TTNPB. These novel insights into the biological impacts of MRM within the glioma microenvironment underscore its potential as a target for developing precise therapies, including immunotherapeutic approaches."
5658,brain tumour,38824130,Area postrema neurons mediate interleukin-6 function in cancer cachexia.,"Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been long considered a key player in cancer cachexia. It is believed that sustained elevation of IL-6 production during cancer progression causes brain dysfunctions, which ultimately result in cachexia. However, how peripheral IL-6 influences the brain remains poorly understood. Here we show that neurons in the area postrema (AP), a circumventricular structure in the hindbrain, is a critical mediator of IL-6 function in cancer cachexia in male mice. We find that circulating IL-6 can rapidly enter the AP and activate neurons in the AP and its associated network. Peripheral tumor, known to increase circulating IL-6, leads to elevated IL-6 in the AP, and causes potentiated excitatory synaptic transmission onto AP neurons and AP network hyperactivity. Remarkably, neutralization of IL-6 in the brain of tumor-bearing mice with an anti-IL-6 antibody attenuates cachexia and the hyperactivity in the AP network, and markedly prolongs lifespan. Furthermore, suppression of Il6ra, the gene encoding IL-6 receptor, specifically in AP neurons with CRISPR/dCas9 interference achieves similar effects. Silencing Gfral-expressing AP neurons also attenuates cancer cachectic phenotypes and AP network hyperactivity. Our study identifies a central mechanism underlying the function of peripheral IL-6, which may serve as a target for treating cancer cachexia."
5659,brain tumour,38824087,Radiomic Prediction of CCND1 Expression Levels and Prognosis in Low-grade Glioma Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.,"Low-grade glioma (LGG) is associated with increased mortality owing to recrudescence and the tendency for malignant transformation. Therefore, it is imperative to discover novel prognostic biomarkers as existing traditional prognostic biomarkers of glioma, including clinicopathological features and imaging examinations, are unable to meet the clinical demand for precision medicine. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of cyclin D1 (CCND1) expression levels and construct radiomic models to predict these levels in patients with LGG MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 412 LGG cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used for gene-based prognostic analysis. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images stored in The Cancer Imaging Archive with genomic data from TCGA, 149 cases were selected for radiomics feature extraction and model construction. After feature extraction, the radiomic signature was constructed using logistic regression (LR) and support vector machine (SVM) analyses."
5660,brain tumour,38823726,,Despite the availability of various 
5661,brain tumour,38823659,Safranal alleviates pentetrazole-induced epileptic seizures in mice by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis through GSK-3β inactivation.,"Saffron, a traditional Chinese medicine, is derived from Crocus sativus L. stigmas and has been reported to possess neuroprotective properties and potentially contribute to the inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation. Safranal, a potent monothyral aldehyde, is a main component of saffron that has been reported to have antiepileptic activity. However, the specific mechanism by which safranal suppresses epileptic seizures via its antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties is unclear."
5662,brain tumour,38823430,"Chemotherapy-induced gut microbiome disruption, inflammation, and cognitive decline in female patients with breast cancer.","Chemotherapy is notorious for causing behavioral side effects (e.g., cognitive decline). Notably, the gut microbiome has recently been reported to communicate with the brain to affect behavior, including cognition. Thus, the aim of this clinical longitudinal observational study was to determine whether chemotherapy-induced disruption of the gut microbial community structure relates to cognitive decline and circulating inflammatory signals. Fecal samples, blood, and cognitive measures were collected from 77 patients with breast cancer before, during, and after chemotherapy. Chemotherapy altered the gut microbiome community structure and increased circulating TNF-α. Both the chemotherapy-induced changes in microbial relative abundance and decreased microbial diversity were related to elevated circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Participants reported subjective cognitive decline during chemotherapy, which was not related to changes in the gut microbiome or inflammatory markers. In contrast, a decrease in overall objective cognition was related to a decrease in microbial diversity, independent of circulating cytokines. Stratification of subjects, via a reliable change index based on 4 objective cognitive tests, identified objective cognitive decline in 35% of the subjects. Based on a differential microbial abundance analysis, those characterized by cognitive decline had unique taxonomic shifts (Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, Fusicatenibacter, Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003, and Subdoligranulum) over chemotherapy treatment compared to those without cognitive decline. Taken together, gut microbiome change was associated with cognitive decline during chemotherapy, independent of chemotherapy-induced inflammation. These results suggest that microbiome-related strategies may be useful for predicting and preventing behavioral side effects of chemotherapy."
5663,brain tumour,38823231,Stereotactic radiosurgery for facial nerve hemangioma: Case report and systematic review.,"Facial nerve hemangiomas (FNHs) are rare tumors that primarily occur near the geniculate ganglion in the temporal bone. Despite their rarity, they can cause significant facial nerve dysfunction. The optimal management approach for FNHs remains uncertain, with surgery being the mainstay but subject to debate regarding the extent of resection and preservation of the facial nerve."
5664,brain tumour,38823209,"PBI-05204, a supercritical CO","Successful treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an aggressive form of primary brain neoplasm, mandates the need to develop new therapeutic strategies. In this study, we investigated the potential of PBI-05204 in targeting GBM stem cells (GSCs) and the underlying mechanisms. Treatment with PBI-05204 significantly reduced both the number and size of tumor spheres derived from patient-derived GSCs (GBM9, GSC28 and TS543), and suppressed the tumorigenesis of GBM9 xenografts. Moreover, PBI-05204 treatment led to a significant decrease in the expression of CD44 and NANOG, crucial markers of progenitor stem cells, in GBM9 and GSC28 GSCs. This treatment also down-regulated GRP78 expression in both GSC types. Knocking down GRP78 expression through GRP78 siRNA transfection in GBM9 and GSC28 GSCs also resulted in reduced spheroid size and CD44 expression. Combining PBI-05204 with GRP78 siRNA further decreased spheroid numbers compared to GRP78 siRNA treatment alone. PBI-05204 treatment led to increased expression of pRIP1K and pRIP3K, along with enhanced binding of RIPK1/RIPK3 in GBM9 and GSC28 cells, resembling the effects observed in GRP78-silenced GSCs, suggesting that PBI-05204 induced necroptosis in these cells. Furthermore, oleandrin, a principle active cardiac glycoside component of PBI-05204, showed the ability to inhibit the self-renewal capacity in GSCs. These findings highlight the potential of PBI-05204 as a promising candidate for the development of novel therapies that target GBM stem cells."
5665,brain tumour,38823049,"Outcomes, complications, and dosing of intrathecal baclofen in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.","The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate empirical outcomes of studies in the literature that investigated effectiveness of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS)-related spasticity (MSRS) based on various metrics. Since the first description of this route of baclofen delivery for MS patients by Penn and Kroin in 1984, numerous studies have contributed to the medical community's knowledge of this treatment modality. The authors sought to add to the literature a systematic review of studies over the last 2 decades that elucidates the clinical impact of ITB in treating MSRS with the following endpoints: impact on patient-centered outcomes, such as spasticity reduction (primary), complications (secondary), and dosing (secondary)."
5666,brain tumour,38822985,Flavonoids as Potential Therapeutics Against Neurodegenerative Disorders: Unlocking the Prospects.,"Neurodegeneration, the decline of nerve cells in the brain, is a common feature of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Oxidative stress, a key factor in NDDs such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease can lead to neuronal cell death, mitochondria impairment, excitotoxicity, and Ca"
5667,brain tumour,38822983,Surgical treatment of cystic pituitary adenomas: literature-based definitions and postoperative outcomes.,To survey the applied definitions of 'cystic' among pituitary adenomas and evaluate whether postoperative outcomes differ relative to non-cystic counterparts.
5668,brain tumour,38822919,Factors affecting the extent of resection and neurological outcomes following transopercular resection of insular gliomas.,"Surgical resection of insular gliomas is a challenge. TO resection is considered more versatile and has lower risk of vascular damage. In this study, we aimed to understand the factors that affect resection rates, ischemic changes and neurological outcomes and studied the utility of IONM in patients who underwent TO resection for IGs."
5669,brain tumour,38822791,Maternal immune activation with toll-like receptor 7 agonist during mid-gestation alters juvenile and adult developmental milestones and behavior.,"Infections during pregnancy are associated with increased risk for adult neuropsychiatric disease, such as major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder. In mouse models of maternal immune activation (MIA), different toll-like receptors (TLRs) are stimulated to initiate inflammatory responses in mother and fetus. The goal of this study was to determine sex-dependent aspects of MIA using a TLR7/8 agonist, Resiquimod (RQ), on neurodevelopment. RQ was administered to timed-pregnant mice on embryonic day (E) 12.5. At E15, maternal/fetal plasma cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Maternal cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 were higher while tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-17 were lower in pregnant dams exposed to RQ. Fetal cytokines (E15) were altered at the same timepoint with fetal plasma IL-6 and IL-17 greater after RQ compared to vehicle, while IL-10 and TNF-α were higher in male fetuses but not female. Other timed-pregnant dams were allowed to give birth. MIA with RQ did not alter the female to male ratio of offspring born per litter. Body weights were reduced significantly in both sexes at birth, and over the next 5 weeks. Offspring from RQ-injected mothers opened their eyes 5 days later than controls. Similarly, female offspring from RQ-injected mothers exhibited pubertal delay based on vaginal opening 2-3 days later than control females. On the behavioral side, juvenile and adult male and female MIA offspring exhibited less social-like behavior in a social interaction test. Anhedonia-like behavior was greater in MIA adult female mice. This study provides support for sex-dependent influences of fetal antecedents for altered brain development and behavioral outputs that could be indicative of increased susceptibility for adult disorders through immune mechanisms. Future studies are needed to determine neural cellular and molecular mechanisms for such programming effects."
5670,brain tumour,38822538,"Leptomeningeal metastases in isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype glioblastomas revisited: Comprehensive analysis of incidence, risk factors, and prognosis based on post-contrast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery.","The incidence of leptomeningeal metastases (LM) has been reported diversely. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of LM in patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma."
5671,brain tumour,38822349,"Delayed epistaxis after endoscopic transnasal pituitary tumor resection: clinical characteristics, risk factors, treatment and prevention.","Delayed epistaxis after endoscopic transnasal pituitary tumor resection (ETPTR) is a critical complication, tending to cause aspiration or hemorrhagic shock. This study assessed clinical characteristics, risk factors, and provide treatment and prevention advice of this complication."
5672,brain tumour,38822150,Application of the NSE score (Neurology-Stability-Epidural compression assessment) to establish the need for surgery in spinal metastases of elderly patients: a multicenter investigation.,"This retropective multicentric study aims to investigate the clinical applicability of the NSE score in the elderly, to verify the role of this tool as an easy help for decision making also for this class of patients."
5673,brain tumour,38822064,Establishment of a risk prediction model for olfactory disorders in patients with transnasal pituitary tumors by machine learning.,"To construct a prediction model of olfactory dysfunction after transnasal sellar pituitary tumor resection based on machine learning algorithms. A cross-sectional study was conducted. From January to December 2022, 158 patients underwent transnasal sellar pituitary tumor resection in three tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province were selected as the research objects. The olfactory status was evaluated one week after surgery. They were randomly divided into a training set and a test set according to the ratio of 8:2. The training set was used to construct the prediction model, and the test set was used to evaluate the effect of the model. Based on different machine learning algorithms, BP neural network, logistic regression, decision tree, support vector machine, random forest, LightGBM, XGBoost, and AdaBoost were established to construct olfactory dysfunction risk prediction models. The accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the model's prediction performance, the optimal prediction model algorithm was selected, and the model was verified in the test set of patients. Of the 158 patients, 116 (73.42%) had postoperative olfactory dysfunction. After missing value processing and feature screening, an essential order of influencing factors of olfactory dysfunction was obtained. Among them, the duration of operation, gender, type of pituitary tumor, pituitary tumor apoplexy, nasal adhesion, age, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, blood scar formation, and smoking history became the risk factors of olfactory dysfunction, which were the key indicators of the construction of the model. Among them, the random forest model had the highest AUC of 0.846, and the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score were 0.750, 0.870, 0.947, and 0.833, respectively. Compared with the BP neural network, logistic regression, decision tree, support vector machine, LightGBM, XGBoost, and AdaBoost, the random forest model has more advantages in predicting olfactory dysfunction in patients after transnasal sellar pituitary tumor resection, which is helpful for early identification and intervention of high-risk clinical population, and has good clinical application prospects."
5674,brain tumour,38822039,NLRC5 promotes endometrial carcinoma progression by regulating NF-κB pathway-mediated mismatch repair gene deficiency.,"The innate immune molecule NLR family CARD domain-containing 5 (NLRC5) plays a significant role in endometrial carcinoma (EC) immunosurveillance. However, NLRC5 also plays a protumor role in EC cells. Mismatch repair gene deficiency (dMMR) can enable tumors to grow faster and also can exhibit high sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this study, we attempted to determine whether NLRC5-mediated protumor role in EC is via the regulation of dMMR. Our findings revealed that NLRC5 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of EC cells and induced the dMMR status of EC in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying NLRC5 regulated dMMR was also verified. We first found NLRC5 could suppress nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway in EC cells. Then we validated that the positive effect of NLRC5 in dMMR was restricted when NF-κB was activated by lipopolysaccharides in NLRC5-overexpression EC cell lines. In conclusion, our present study confirmed the novel NLRC5/NF-κB/MMR regulatory mechanism of the protumor effect of NLRC5 on EC cells, thereby suggesting that the NLRC5-mediated protumor in EC was depend on the function of MMR."
5675,brain tumour,38821932,Aplp1 interacts with Lag3 to facilitate transmission of pathologic α-synuclein.,"Pathologic α-synuclein (α-syn) spreads from cell-to-cell, in part, through binding to the lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (Lag3). Here we report that amyloid β precursor-like protein 1 (Aplp1) interacts with Lag3 that facilitates the binding, internalization, transmission, and toxicity of pathologic α-syn. Deletion of both Aplp1 and Lag3 eliminates the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the accompanying behavioral deficits induced by α-syn preformed fibrils (PFF). Anti-Lag3 prevents the internalization of α-syn PFF by disrupting the interaction of Aplp1 and Lag3, and blocks the neurodegeneration induced by α-syn PFF in vivo. The identification of Aplp1 and the interplay with Lag3 for α-syn PFF induced pathology deepens our insight about molecular mechanisms of cell-to-cell transmission of pathologic α-syn and provides additional targets for therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease and related α-synucleinopathies."
5676,brain tumour,38821737,Prognostic implications of distinctive imaging characteristics in primary intracranial germ cell tumors: A retrospective analysis.,"Primary central nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare brain tumors that encompass two subtypes: germinomas and non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs), NGGCTs have less favorable outcome and require multi-modality treatment. Biopsy is recommended for disease diagnosis, the specimen may not adequately reflect the entire tumor. This study aimed to assess distinct imaging characteristics to differentiate between GCT subgroups and to identify possible initial image and subgroup features that influence survival."
5677,brain tumour,38821723,The Relationship Between the Molecular Phenotypes of Brain Gliomas and the Imaging Features and Sensitivity of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy.,"Gliomas are the most common primary malignant tumors of the brain, accounting for about 80% of all central nervous system malignancies. With the development of molecular biology, the molecular phenotypes of gliomas have been shown to be closely related to the process of diagnosis and treatment. The molecular phenotype of glioma also plays an important role in guiding treatment plans and evaluating treatment effects and prognosis. However, due to the heterogeneity of the tumors and the trauma associated with the surgical removal of tumor tissue, the application of molecular phenotyping in glioma is limited. With the development of imaging technology, functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide structural and function information about tumors in a noninvasive and radiation-free manner. MRI is very important for the diagnosis of intracranial lesions. In recent years, with the development of the technology for tumor molecular diagnosis and imaging, the use of molecular phenotype information and imaging procedures to evaluate the treatment outcome of tumors has become a hot topic. By reviewing the related literature on glioma treatment and molecular typing that has been published in the past 20 years, and referring to the latest 2020 NCCN treatment guidelines, summarizing the imaging characteristic and sensitivity of radiotherapy and chemotherapy of different molecular phenotypes of glioma. In this article, we briefly review the imaging characteristics of different molecular phenotypes in gliomas and their relationship with radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity of gliomas."
5678,brain tumour,38821722,Prospective Phase II Study of Radiotherapy Dose Escalation in Grade 4 Glioma Using ,Local failure remains the major concern in grade 4 glioma or glioblastoma (GBM). Pilot studies have shown a radiotherapy (RT) dose-response relationship in GBM. Here we present our preliminary data of RT dose escalation using 
5679,brain tumour,38821716,Cytokine-armed oncolytic herpes simplex viruses: a game-changer in cancer immunotherapy?,"Cytokines are small proteins that regulate the growth and functional activity of immune cells, and several have been approved for cancer therapy. Oncolytic viruses are agents that mediate antitumor activity by directly killing tumor cells and inducing immune responses. Talimogene laherparepvec is an oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV), approved for the treatment of recurrent melanoma, and the virus encodes the human cytokine, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). A significant advantage of oncolytic viruses is the ability to deliver therapeutic payloads to the tumor site that can help drive antitumor immunity. While cytokines are especially interesting as payloads, the optimal cytokine(s) used in oncolytic viruses remains controversial. In this review, we highlight preliminary data with several cytokines and chemokines, including GM-CSF, interleukin 12, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 2, interleukin 15, interleukin 18, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4, or their combinations, and show how these payloads can further enhance the antitumor immunity of oHSV. A better understanding of cytokine delivery by oHSV can help improve clinical benefit from oncolytic virus immunotherapy in patients with cancer."
5680,brain tumour,38821638,Molecular Pathology of Gliomas.,"Gliomas are the most common adult and pediatric primary brain tumors. Molecular studies have identified features that can enhance diagnosis and provide biomarkers. IDH1/2 mutation with ATRX and TP53 mutations defines diffuse astrocytomas, whereas IDH1/2 mutations with 1p19q loss defines oligodendroglioma. Focal amplifications of receptor tyrosine kinase genes, TERT promoter mutation, and loss of chromosomes 10 and 13 with trisomy of chromosome 7 are characteristic features of glioblastoma and can be used for diagnosis. BRAF gene fusions and mutations in low-grade gliomas and histone H3 mutations in high-grade gliomas also can be used for diagnostics."
5681,brain tumour,38821600,Comprehensive Analysis of Blood Test Results Predicting Prognosis in Patients Undergoing Whole-brain Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases.,"Blood tests, such as those included in the validated LabBM score (laboratory parameters in patients with brain metastases) predict survival after treatment of brain metastases. The model incorporates five test results [serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, platelets and hemoglobin]. However, many other abnormalities, albeit less well-studied, may be present in patients with metastatic cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to examine a broader range of blood tests."
5682,brain tumour,38821589,High Level Immunoglobulin Gene Expression and Reduced Intra-tumoral Bacteria Associated With the Transition from Initial to Progressive Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma.,"In the past decade, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), the most common childhood brainstem glioma, has benefitted from an increase in tissue-based research because of improved biopsy collection techniques. However, the adaptive immune receptor (IR) features represented by tumor material and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes have remained poorly understood."
5683,brain tumour,38821587,Systematic Review of the First 40 Cases of ,The current systematic review aimed to collect and analyze all available published and unpublished cases in which prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioligand therapy (
5684,brain tumour,38821404,"Development of Predicting Nomograms for Diffuse Astrocytoma and Anaplastic Astrocytoma: A Study Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database.","Astrocytoma is a type of adult-type diffuse gliomas that includes diffuse astrocytoma (DA) and anaplastic astrocytoma (AA). However, comprehensive investigations into the risk assessment and prognosis of DA and AA using population-based studies remain noticeably scarce."
5685,brain tumour,38821399,Pineal Tumor Surgery-The Choice of the Approach Related to Tumor Characteristics and Posterior Fossa Anatomy.,This research aimed to determine whether an adequate surgical approach can be chosen based on clearly defined values of anatomical landmarks (tentorial angle) and tumor size and extension.
5686,brain tumour,38821335,Ferroptosis in glioma therapy: advancements in sensitizing strategies and the complex tumor-promoting roles.,"Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic regulated cell death, is induced by the accumulation of lipid peroxides on cellular membranes. Over the past decade, ferroptosis has emerged as a crucial process implicated in various physiological and pathological systems. Positioned as an alternative modality of cell death, ferroptosis holds promise for eliminating cancer cells that have developed resistance to apoptosis induced by conventional therapeutics. This has led to a growing interest in leveraging ferroptosis for cancer therapy across diverse malignancies. Gliomas are tumors arising from glial or precursor cells, with glioblastoma (GBM) being the most common malignant primary brain tumor that is associated with a dismal prognosis. This review provides a summary of recent advancements in the exploration of ferroptosis-sensitizing methods, with a specific focus on their potential application in enhancing the treatment of gliomas. In addition to summarizing the therapeutic potential, this review also discusses the intricate interplay of ferroptosis and its potential tumor-promoting roles within gliomas. Recognizing these dual roles is essential, as they could potentially complicate the therapeutic benefits of ferroptosis. Exploring strategies aimed at circumventing these tumor-promoting roles could enhance the overall therapeutic efficacy of ferroptosis in the context of glioma treatment."
5687,brain tumour,38821324,"Quercetin ameliorates cognitive deficit, expression of amyloid precursor gene, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in an experimental models of Alzheimer's disease in Wistar rats.","Chronic stress (CS) is critically involved in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis resulting in cognitive disturbance. Also, amyloid precursor protein (APP) related gens, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and stress increases AD-related pathogenesis through increasing APP, all are important players in the development of AD. Herein, we explore the possible neuroprotective and anti-amnestic effect of quercetin (QUER) on cognitive deficits induced by scopolamine (SCOP) in stressed rats. Stress induction was performed by exposed of rats to 2-h chronic restraint stress for 10 days. Then rats were supplemented with QUER (25 mg/kg/day oral gavage, for 1 month). Ratswere submitted to intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of SCOP (1 mg/kg) during the final 9 days of QUER supplementation to induce dementia like condition. Following the interventions, behavioral tests [elevated plus maze (EPM) and novel object recognition memory (NORM)] was examined to analysis the cognitive functions. Meanwhile, prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus of brain were used for gene expression and biochemical studies. Also, the plasma corticosterone (CORT) level was measured. We established that administration of QUER ameliorated the SCOP-related memory impairment. Also, QUER decreased stress related anxiety like behaviors in the EPM. QUER also altered the interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in both PFC and hippocampus of SCOP treated rats in stress and non-stress conditions. We found that QUER increased APP and amyloid precursor-like protein 2 (APLP2) mRNA expression in both non-stress and stressed rats. Also, our findings imply that QUER suppress the effect of SCOP on cognitive functions. Moreover, decreased APP mRNA expression in the hippocampus were observed following pretreatment of rats with QUER in both stress and non-stress groups. Given that decreased amyloid beta (Aβ) expression in the hippocampus of stressed rats, it can be proposed that elevations in APP mRNA expression by QUER activates non-amyloidogenic pathways leading to reduction in Aβ levels. However, our findings indicate that QUER can be a therapeutic candidate, which exerts an anti-amnesic property against SCOP-induced memory decline. On the other hand, prior QUER administration in stress condition could be a promising approach against AD prevention."
5688,brain tumour,38821062,Neural deception: Breast cancer co-opts neuronal mechanisms to evade the immune system.,"Cellular mechanisms mediating immunotherapy resistances are incompletely understood. In this issue, Li et al. reveal how breast cancer hijacks neuronal mechanisms of neuroprotection to shield itself from the immune system. Secretion of N-acetylaspartate impairs immune synapse formation in both neuroinflammation and breast cancer models, paving the way for novel therapeutic approaches."
5689,brain tumour,38821061,Tumor cells impair immunological synapse formation via central nervous system-enriched metabolite.,"Tumors employ various strategies to evade immune surveillance. Central nervous system (CNS) has multiple features to restrain immune response. Whether tumors and CNS share similar programs of immunosuppression is elusive. Here, we analyze multi-omics data of tumors from HER2"
5690,brain tumour,38820854,Structure-based design of multitargeting ChEs-MAO B inhibitors based on phenyl ring bioisosteres: AChE/BChE selectivity switch and drug-like characterization.,"A structure-based drug design approach was focused on incorporating phenyl ring heterocyclic bioisosteres into coumarin derivative 1, previously reported as potent dual AChE-MAO B inhibitor, with the aim of improving drug-like features. Structure-activity relationships highlighted that bioisosteric rings were tolerated by hMAO B enzymatic cleft more than hAChE. Interestingly, linker homologation at the basic nitrogen enabled selectivity to switch from hAChE to hBChE. In the present work, we identified thiophene-based isosteres 7 and 15 as dual AChE-MAO B (IC"
5691,brain tumour,38820615,Phantom and in vivo accuracy of frameless optical navigation in stereotactic laser interstitial thermal therapy.,"Targeting accuracy presents a key factor in achieving maximal safe ablation in laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT). The VarioGuide system has proven precise for brain biopsies, but data showing its accuracy in combination with LITT are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the phantom and in vivo accuracy of LITT probe placement using the VarioGuide system and to evaluate the effect of targeting error on maximum possible ablation volume."
5692,brain tumour,38820611,Laser interstitial thermal therapy in neurosurgery: a single-surgeon experience of 313 patients.,"Real-time MRI-guided focused laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive surgical treatment choice for challenging intracranial lesions that are either resistant to conventional therapies or located in deep or critical areas of the brain. However, existing studies on LITT within surgical neuro-oncology are relatively small and have limited follow-up periods. The authors aimed to present a comprehensive analysis of their experiences with LITT in surgical neuro-oncology, with the intent to provide a clearer understanding of the safety and efficacy of this procedure."
5693,brain tumour,38820549,Ivonescimab Plus Chemotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With EGFR Variant: A Randomized Clinical Trial.,"For patients with non-small cell lung cancer whose disease progressed while receiving EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) therapy, particularly third-generation TKIs, optimal treatment options remain limited."
5694,brain tumour,38820482,MCE: Medical Cognition Embedded in 3D MRI feature extraction for advancing glioma staging.,"In recent years, various data-driven algorithms have been applied to the classification and staging of brain glioma MRI detection. However, the restricted availability of brain glioma MRI data in purely data-driven deep learning algorithms has presented challenges in extracting high-quality features and capturing their complex patterns. Moreover, the analysis methods designed for 2D data necessitate the selection of ideal tumor image slices, which does not align with practical clinical scenarios. Our research proposes an novel brain glioma staging model, Medical Cognition Embedded (MCE) model for 3D data. This model embeds knowledge characteristics into data-driven approaches to enhance the quality of feature extraction. Approach includes the following key components: (1) Deep feature extraction, drawing upon the imaging technical characteristics of different MRI sequences, has led to the design of two methods at both the algorithmic and strategic levels to mimic the learning process of real image interpretation by medical professionals during film reading; (2) We conduct an extensive Radiomics feature extraction, capturing relevant features such as texture, morphology, and grayscale distribution; (3) By referencing key points in radiological diagnosis, Radiomics feature experimental results, and the imaging characteristics of various MRI sequences, we manually create diagnostic features (Diag-Features). The efficacy of proposed methodology is rigorously evaluated on the publicly available BraTS2018 and BraTS2020 datasets. Comparing it to most well-known purely data-driven models, our method achieved higher accuracy, recall, and precision, reaching 96.14%, 93.4%, 97.06%, and 97.57%, 92.80%, 95.96%, respectively."
5695,brain tumour,38820126,Mechanisms of Glioblastoma Replication: Ca2+ Flares and Cl- Currents.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is amongst the deadliest types of cancers, with no resolutive cure currently available. GBM cell proliferation in the patient's brain is a complex phenomenon controlled by multiple mechanisms. The aim of this study was to determine whether the ionic fluxes controlling cell duplication could represent a target for GBM therapy. In this work, we combined multi-channel Ca2+ and Cl- imaging, optical tweezers, electrophysiology, and immunohistochemistry to describe the role of ion fluxes in mediating the cell volume changes that accompany mitosis of U87 GBM cells. We identified three main steps: (i) in round GBM cells undergoing mitosis, during the transition from anaphase to telophase and cytokinesis, large Ca2+ flares occur, reaching values of 0.5 to 1 μmol/L; (ii) these Ca2+ flares activate Ca2+-dependent Cl- channels, allowing the entry of Cl- ions; and (iii) to maintain osmotic balance, GBM cells swell to complete mitosis. This sequence of steps was validated by electrophysiological experiments showing that Cl- channels are activated either directly or indirectly by Ca2+, and by additional live-cell imaging experiments. Cl- channel blockers with different molecular structures, such as niflumic acid and carbenoxolone, blocked GBM replication by arresting GBM cells in a round configuration. These results describe the central role of Ca2+ flares and Cl- fluxes during mitosis and show that inhibition of Ca2+-activated Cl- channels blocks GBM replication, opening the way to new approaches for the clinical treatment of GBM. Implications: Our work identifies ionic fluxes occurring during cell division as targets for devising novel therapies for glioblastoma treatment."
5696,brain tumour,38819763,Retraction Note: Neurocognitive impairment and patient-proxy agreement on health-related quality of life evaluations in recurrent high-grade glioma patients.,No abstract found
5697,brain tumour,38819694,Evaluating the glymphatic system via magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular spaces in brain tumor patients.,"To investigate glymphatic system function in patients with brain tumors, including both primary and secondary tumors, using diffusion tensor imaging along perivascular spaces (DTI-ALPS)."
5698,brain tumour,38819670,Chemotherapy in pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGG).,"Pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGG) are commonly treated with a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Recent trends prioritize reducing long-term morbidities, particularly in younger patients. While historically chemotherapy was reserved for cases progressing after radiotherapy, evolving recommendations now advocate for its early use, particularly in younger age groups. The carboplatin and vincristine (CV) combination stands as a standard systemic therapy for PLGG, varying in dosage and administration between North America and Europe. Clinical trials have shown promising response rates, albeit with varying toxicity profiles. Vinblastine has emerged as another effective regimen with minimal toxicity. TPCV, a regimen combining thioguanine, procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine, was compared to CV in a Children's Oncology Group trial, showing comparable outcomes, but more toxicity. Vinorelbine, temozolomide, and metronomic chemotherapy have also been explored, with varied success rates and toxicity profiles. Around 40-50% of PLGG patients require subsequent chemotherapy lines. Studies have shown varied efficacy in subsequent lines, with NF1 patients generally exhibiting better outcomes. The identification of molecular drivers like BRAF mutations has led to targeted therapies' development, showing promise in specific molecular subgroups. Trials comparing targeted therapy to conventional chemotherapy aim to delineate optimal treatment strategies based on molecular profiles. The landscape of chemotherapy in PLGG is evolving, with a growing focus on molecular subtyping and targeted therapies. Understanding the role of chemotherapy in conjunction with novel treatments is crucial for optimizing outcomes in pediatric patients with low-grade gliomas."
5699,brain tumour,38819669,Vasospasm and subsequent stroke from paraneoplastic syndrome in a pediatric patient with an intracranial mature teratoma: a case report.,"Teratomas account for 18-20% of all intracranial germ cell tumors and mostly occur in the pineal region with only a few cases of pediatric sellar and suprasellar teratomas described in the literature. Here, we present a case of a child with an intracranial mature teratoma with pancreatic features causing vasospasm and subsequent stroke, found to be positive for CDKN2A-an independent variant associated with malignancy and small vessel disease leading to stroke."
5700,brain tumour,38819663,Enhancing Surface Hydroxyl Group Modulation on Carbon Nitride Boosts the Effectiveness of Photodynamic Treatment for Brain Glioma.,"The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in treating brain gliomas is limited by the solubility of photosensitizers and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), both of which are influenced by the concentration of photosensitizers and catalyst active sites. In this study, we developed a controllable surface hydroxyl concentration for the photosensitizer CN11 to address its poor water solubility issue and enhance PDT efficacy in tumor treatment. Compared to pure g-C"
5701,brain tumour,38819619,Cardiovascular risk in patients with acromegaly vs. non-functioning pituitary adenoma following pituitary surgery: an active-comparator cohort study.,"Given the increased cardio-metabolic risk in patients with acromegaly, this study compared cardiovascular outcomes, mortality, and in-hospital outcomes between patients with acromegaly and non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) following pituitary surgery."
5702,brain tumour,38819244,Determining Ideal Management for Patients With Coexisting Prolactinomas and Psychiatric Symptoms: A Systematic Review.,"Prolactinomas-pituitary tumors that overproduce prolactin-can cause various troublesome symptoms. Dopamine agonists (DAs) reduce prolactin production in the prolactin pathway, making them the first-line treatment for prolactinomas. However, the main side effect of DA treatment, hyperdopaminergia, is an explicit etiology for psychiatric side effects. Psychiatric conditions are often treated with dopamine antagonists, which can induce hyperprolactinemia. This presents a challenge for patients with both a prolactinoma and a preexisting psychiatric condition, as treatment of one condition could worsen the other. This review seeks to identify an adequate therapeutic regimen for patients with coexisting prolactinomas and psychiatric symptoms."
5703,brain tumour,38819225,Glutathione metabolism-related gene signature predicts prognosis and treatment response in low-grade glioma.,"Cancer cells can induce molecular changes that reshape cellular metabolism, creating specific vulnerabilities for targeted therapeutic interventions. Given the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumor development and drug resistance, and the abundance of reduced glutathione (GSH) as the primary cellular antioxidant, we examined an integrated panel of 56 glutathione metabolism-related genes (GMRGs) across diverse cancer types. This analysis revealed a remarkable association between GMRGs and low-grade glioma (LGG) survival. Unsupervised clustering and a GMRGs-based risk score (GS) categorized LGG patients into two groups, linking elevated glutathione metabolism to poorer prognosis and treatment outcomes. Our GS model outperformed established clinical prognostic factors, acting as an independent prognostic factor. GS also exhibited correlations with pro-tumor M2 macrophage infiltration, upregulated immunosuppressive genes, and diminished responses to various cancer therapies. Experimental validation in glioma cell lines confirmed the critical role of glutathione metabolism in glioma cell proliferation and chemoresistance. Our findings highlight the presence of a unique metabolic susceptibility in LGG and introduce a novel GS system as a highly effective tool for predicting the prognosis of LGG."
5704,brain tumour,38819064,Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cell exosomes improve blood-brain barrier function after intracerebral hemorrhage by activating astrocytes via PI3K/AKT/MCP-1 axis.,"JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202502000-00029/figure1/v/2024-05-28T214302Z/r/image-tiff Cerebral edema caused by blood-brain barrier injury after intracerebral hemorrhage is an important factor leading to poor prognosis. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cell exosomes (hiPSC-NSC-Exos) have shown potential for brain injury repair in central nervous system diseases. In this study, we explored the impact of hiPSC-NSC-Exos on blood-brain barrier preservation and the underlying mechanism. Our results indicated that intranasal delivery of hiPSC-NSC-Exos mitigated neurological deficits, enhanced blood-brain barrier integrity, and reduced leukocyte infiltration in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Additionally, hiPSC-NSC-Exos decreased immune cell infiltration, activated astrocytes, and decreased the secretion of inflammatory cytokines like monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, and tumor necrosis factor-α post-intracerebral hemorrhage, thereby improving the inflammatory microenvironment. RNA sequencing indicated that hiPSC-NSC-Exo activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in astrocytes and decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion, thereby improving blood-brain barrier integrity. Treatment with the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 or the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 neutralizing agent C1142 abolished these effects. In summary, our findings suggest that hiPSC-NSC-Exos maintains blood-brain barrier integrity, in part by downregulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion through activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in astrocytes."
5705,brain tumour,38818905,The Potential of Nano Pharmaceuticals to Change the Paradigm of Brain Tumor Therapy: A State-of-the-Art Review.,"Central nervous system tumors are abnormal proliferations of neuronal cells within the brain and spinal cord. They can be primary or secondary and place a heavy financial, psychological, and physical burden on individuals. The highly selective blood-brain barrier, which only permits specific molecules to flow into the brain parenchyma, inhibits the efficacy of pharmacological medicines. Treatment options include surgery, chemoradiotherapy, and targeted therapy. Despite advances in therapy over the past few decades, the overall morbidity and mortality rates are still high, emphasizing the need for improved therapeutic choices to improve survival and quality of life further. Nano pharmaceuticals have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in in vivo trials using microscopic particles to enhance bioavailability and selectivity. The most successful clinical results to date have been achieved by liposomes, extracellular vesicles, and biomimetic nanoparticles; nevertheless, clinical trials are required to confirm their safety, efficacy, affordability, longterm impact, and success in patients from various demographics. Nano pharmaceuticals have the potential to change the paradigm of therapy for brain tumors, allowing better outcomes as primary and adjunctive therapy."
5706,brain tumour,38818879,"Structure-Based Design and Optimization of Methionine Adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A) Inhibitors with High Selectivity, Brain Penetration, and In Vivo Efficacy.","Synthetic lethality has recently emerged as a new approach for the treatment of mutated genes that were previously considered undruggable. Targeting methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A) in cancers with deletion of the methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) gene leads to synthetic lethality and thus has attracted significant interest in the field of precise anticancer drug development. Herein, we report the discovery of a series of novel MAT2A inhibitors featuring a pyrazolo[3,4-"
5707,brain tumour,38818679,Early identification of postoperative remission for thyrotropin-secreting adenomas.,"Thyrotropin-secreting adenoma (TSHoma) is a rare type of pituitary adenoma, occurring in one per million people. Little is known about TSHoma. We summarized the demographic, clinical and hormonal characteristics of TSHoma based on a single-centre experience. Moreover, we explored the predictive value of postoperative thyroid function for long-term remission."
5708,brain tumour,38818373,Selective and brain-penetrant ACSS2 inhibitors target breast cancer brain metastatic cells.,"Breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) typically results in an end-stage diagnosis and is hindered by a lack of brain-penetrant drugs. Tumors in the brain rely on the conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA by the enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2), a key regulator of fatty acid synthesis and protein acetylation. Here, we used a computational pipeline to identify novel brain-penetrant ACSS2 inhibitors combining pharmacophore-based shape screen methodology with absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) property predictions. We identified compounds AD-5584 and AD-8007 that were validated for specific binding affinity to ACSS2. Treatment of BCBM cells with AD-5584 and AD-8007 leads to a significant reduction in colony formation, lipid storage, acetyl-CoA levels and cell survival "
5709,brain tumour,38818292,Genetic screening of liver cancer: State of the art.,"Liver cancer, primarily hepatocellular carcinoma, remains a global health challenge with rising incidence and limited therapeutic options. Genetic factors play a pivotal role in the development and progression of liver cancer. This state-of-the-art paper provides a comprehensive review of the current landscape of genetic screening strategies for liver cancer. We discuss the genetic underpinnings of liver cancer, emphasizing the critical role of risk-associated genetic variants, somatic mutations, and epigenetic alterations. We also explore the intricate interplay between environmental factors and genetics, highlighting how genetic screening can aid in risk stratification and early detection "
5710,brain tumour,38818124,Next-generation agents for fluorescence-guided glioblastoma surgery.,"Glioblastoma is a fast-growing and aggressive form of brain cancer. Even with maximal treatment, patients show a low median survival and are often subjected to a high recurrence incidence. The currently available treatments require multimodal management, including maximal safe surgical resection, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. Because of the infiltrative glioblastoma nature, intraoperative differentiation of cancer tissue from normal brain parenchyma is very challenging, and this accounts for the low rate of complete tumor resection. For these reasons, clinicians have increasingly used various intraoperative adjuncts to improve surgical results, such as fluorescent agents. However, most of the existing fluorophores show several limitations such as poor selectivity, photostability, photosensitization and high costs. This could limit their application to successfully improve glioblastoma resection. In the present perspective, we highlight the possibility to develop next-generation fluorescent tools able to more selectively label cancer cells during surgical resection."
5711,brain tumour,38817902,Case report: Pulmonary artery sarcoma diagnosed through rare brain metastases.,"We present the case of a 33-year-old male referred across several hospitals because of suspected chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Initially admitted in October 2022 for a recurrent, severe cough and diagnosed with CTEPH, he received anticoagulant therapy. However, his symptoms worsened, necessitating a transfer to another facility for thrombolysis treatment. Following an episode of syncope, an MRI scan revealed a metastatic brain tumor. Subsequently, he experienced a third transfer to our hospital, emergency surgery was performed to alleviate cerebral edema and excise a lesion in the left frontal lobe. Postoperative pathology was inconclusive, but a multidisciplinary team meeting, aided by experienced radiologists, eventually confirmed a diagnosis of pulmonary artery sarcoma (PAS) with systemic metastases. This case underscores the necessity of promptly ruling out PAS in patients presenting with significant emboli in the central pulmonary arteries and suggests early referral to specialized centers for suspected cases."
5712,brain tumour,38817857,Revisiting Temozolomide's role in solid tumors: Old is gold?,"Temozolomide is an imidazotetrazine with a long history in oncology especially for the high grade malignant glioma and metastatic melanoma. However, last year's new indications for its use are added. Its optimum pharmacodynamic profile, its ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, the existence of methylation of MGMT in solid tumors which enhances its efficacy, the identification of new agents that can overcome temozolomide's resistance, the promising role of temozolomide in turning immune cold tumors to hot ones, are leading to expand its use in other solid tumors, giving oncologists an additional tool for the treatment of advanced and aggressive neoplasms."
5713,brain tumour,38817548,Acupuncture combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of post-stroke depression: a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis based on a randomised controlled trial.,This study aimed to systematically assess the efficacy of combining acupuncture with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating post-stroke depression (PSD).
5714,brain tumour,38817499,A Rare Case of Cardiac Myxoma With Moyamoya Phenomenon: A Disease or Syndrome?,"Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare, idiopathic, progressive, obstructive, vasculopathy affecting primarily the terminal portions of the intracerebral internal carotid arteries, typically at the base of the brain. It is more commonly seen in people of East Asian descent. The moyamoya phenomenon refers to the characteristic appearance of the tangle of fine blood vessels, also described as a puff of smoke. Moyamoya syndrome (MMS) refers to the constriction-induced chronic brain ischemia that is believed to cause overexpression of proangiogenic factors, creating a fragile network of collateral capillaries. MMS refers to the moyamoya phenomenon in the presence of other congenital or acquired disorders. Intracerebral hemorrhage is the leading cause of death for MMS patients. Overall, the prognosis is variable. Cardiac myxoma can cause embolization of tumor cells, plaques, and thrombus, and recurrent thromboembolism can lead to chronic brain ischemia, which can lead to the development of collaterals. There have been cases reported where the moyamoya phenomenon resolved following myxoma resection. Here, we present the case of a female who had intraventricular bleeding and was diagnosed with MMD. Eighteen months later, she presented with shortness of breath and was diagnosed with cardiac myxoma with multiple valvular regurgitations. The myxoma was surgically removed."
5715,brain tumour,38817229,Pituitary metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma: A case report.,"Pituitary gland metastasis is an unusual event, and pituitary metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma is extremely rare and associated with poor prognosis. To date, approximately 15 cases have been reported."
5716,brain tumour,38817213,Role of savolitinib in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma with meningeal carcinomatosis and cerebellar metastasis: A case report.,"Brain metastases (BM) are very rare in gastric adenocarcinoma (GaC), and patients with BMs have a higher mortality rate due to stronger tumor aggressiveness. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Genetic testing revealed cellular-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor receptor (MET) amplification. Therefore, treatment with savolitinib, a small molecule inhibitor of c-Met, was selected."
5717,brain tumour,38817106,Reconfigurable Hanging Drop Microarray Platform for On-Demand Preparation and Analysis of Spheroid Array.,"In response to the increasing demand for spheroid-based cancer research, the importance of developing integrated platforms that can simultaneously facilitate high-throughput spheroid production and multiplexed analysis is emphasized. In addition, the understanding of how the size and cellular composition of tumors directly influence their internal structures and functionalities underlines the critical need to produce spheroids of diverse sizes and compositions on a large scale. To address this rising demand, this work presents a configurable and linkable in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cell culture kit (CLiCK) for spheroids, termed CLiCK-Spheroid. This platform consists of three primary components: a hanging drop microarray (HDMA), a concave pillar microarray (CPMA), and gradient blocks. The HDMA alone produces a homogeneous spheroid array, while its combination with the gradient block enables one-step generation of a size-gradient spheroid array. Using the size-gradient spheroid arrays, the occurrence of necrotic cores based on spheroid size is demonstrated. Additionally, spheroids in a single batch can be conveniently compartmentalized and regrouped using a CPMA, enhancing the versatility of spheroid arrays and enabling multiplexed drug treatments. By combining the different assembly methods, this work has achieved high-throughput production of cell composition-gradient spheroid arrays, with noticeable variations in morphology and vascularization based on cell compositions."
5718,brain tumour,38817005,"Exposure to Low-Frequency Radiation Changes the Expression of Nestin, VEGF, BCRP and Apoptosis Markers During Glioma Treatment Strategy: An ","Exposure to physical contamination during chemotherapy, including non-ionizing electromagnetic fields, raises concerns about the widespread sources of exposure to this type of radiation. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive central nervous system tumor that is hard to treat due to resistance to drugs such as temozolomide (TMZ)."
5719,brain tumour,38816936,Prevalence of right-to-left shunt in stroke patients with cancer.,Cancer is associated with an increased risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and venous thromboembolism. The role of a cardiac right-to-left shunt (RLS) as a surrogate parameter for paradoxical embolism in cancer-related strokes is uncertain. We sought to investigate the relationship between the presence of an RLS and cancer in AIS patients.
5720,brain tumour,38816852,Impact of remote ischemic postconditioning on acute ischemic stroke in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.,"Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a significant health burden in China, affecting a sizable portion of the population. Conventional pharmacological treatments frequently fall short of desirable outcomes. Therefore, exploring alternative therapies is crucial. Remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) is a noninvasive and cost-effective adjunctive therapy. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of RIPostC as an adjunctive therapy for AIS to inform clinical practice."
5721,brain tumour,38816839,Immune cell infiltration and inflammatory landscape in primary brain tumours.,"Primary malignant brain tumours are more than one-third of all brain tumours and despite the molecular investigation to identify cancer driver mutations, the current therapeutic options available are challenging due to high intratumour heterogeneity. In addition, an immunosuppressive and inflammatory tumour microenvironment strengthens cancer progression. Therefore, we defined an immune and inflammatory profiling of meningioma and glial tumours to elucidate the role of the immune infiltration in these cancer types."
5722,brain tumour,38816421,Biallelic variants in CSMD1 are implicated in a neurodevelopmental disorder with intellectual disability and variable cortical malformations.,"CSMD1 (Cub and Sushi Multiple Domains 1) is a well-recognized regulator of the complement cascade, an important component of the innate immune response. CSMD1 is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) where emergent functions of the complement pathway modulate neural development and synaptic activity. While a genetic risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders, the role of CSMD1 in neurodevelopmental disorders is unclear. Through international variant sharing, we identified inherited biallelic CSMD1 variants in eight individuals from six families of diverse ancestry who present with global developmental delay, intellectual disability, microcephaly, and polymicrogyria. We modeled CSMD1 loss-of-function (LOF) pathogenesis in early-stage forebrain organoids differentiated from CSMD1 knockout human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We show that CSMD1 is necessary for neuroepithelial cytoarchitecture and synchronous differentiation. In summary, we identified a critical role for CSMD1 in brain development and biallelic CSMD1 variants as the molecular basis of a previously undefined neurodevelopmental disorder."
5723,brain tumour,38816355,Rapid P-TEFb-dependent transcriptional reorganization underpins the glioma adaptive response to radiotherapy.,"Dynamic regulation of gene expression is fundamental for cellular adaptation to exogenous stressors. P-TEFb-mediated pause-release of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is a conserved regulatory mechanism for synchronous transcriptional induction in response to heat shock, but this pro-survival role has not been examined in the applied context of cancer therapy. Using model systems of pediatric high-grade glioma, we show that rapid genome-wide reorganization of active chromatin facilitates P-TEFb-mediated nascent transcriptional induction within hours of exposure to therapeutic ionizing radiation. Concurrent inhibition of P-TEFb disrupts this chromatin reorganization and blunts transcriptional induction, abrogating key adaptive programs such as DNA damage repair and cell cycle regulation. This combination demonstrates a potent, synergistic therapeutic potential agnostic of glioma subtype, leading to a marked induction of tumor cell apoptosis and prolongation of xenograft survival. These studies reveal a central role for P-TEFb underpinning the early adaptive response to radiotherapy, opening avenues for combinatorial treatment in these lethal malignancies."
5724,brain tumour,38816349,HAS2 facilitates glioma cell malignancy and suppresses ferroptosis in an FZD7-dependent manner.,"Glioma is the most common malignant tumor in the central nervous system, and it is crucial to uncover the factors that influence prognosis. In this study, we utilized Mfuzz to identify a gene set that showed a negative correlation with overall survival in patients with glioma. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses were then undertaken to gain insights into the functional characteristics and pathways associated with these genes. The expression distribution of Hyaluronan Synthase 2 (HAS2) was explored across multiple datasets, revealing its expression patterns. In vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out through gene knockdown and overexpression to validate the functionality of HAS2. Potential upstream transcription factors of HAS2 were predicted using transcriptional regulatory databases, and these predictions were experimentally validated using ChIP-PCR and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays. The results showed that elevated expression of HAS2 in glioma indicates poor prognosis. HAS2 was found to play a role in activating an antiferroptosis pathway in glioma cells. Inhibiting HAS2 significantly increased cellular sensitivity to ferroptosis-inducing agents. Finally, we determined that the oncogenic effect of HAS2 is mediated by the key receptor of the WNT pathway, FZD7."
5725,brain tumour,38816166,Sensitive electrochemical biosensor for rapid detection of sEV-miRNA based turbo-like localized catalytic hairpin assembly.,"Small extracellular vesicle-associated microRNAs (sEV-miRNAs) have emerged as critical biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, yet the rapid detection of these low-abundance molecules in clinical samples remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a simple turbo-like localized catalytic hairpin assembly (TL-CHA) was proposed for sEV-miR-1246 measurement. This electrochemical sensor achieves dual localization through the ingeniously use of AuNPs and DNA nanowires, which provides rich sites for CHA cascade amplification, significantly enhancing the effective reaction and amplify the detection response. Leveraging this innovative design, this biosensor demonstrated the ability to detect sEV-miRNA at concentrations as low as 5.24 aM in a time frame of 30 min. The precision of the measurements was validated through reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the sensor was used for analyzing plasma samples from gastric cancer patients yielded AUC values of 0.973 for all stages and 0.945 for early stages. This demonstrates the sensor's robust performance in both the staging diagnosis and early screening of gastric cancer. Therefore, this platform has great potential for the clinical cancer diagnosis."
5726,brain tumour,38815637,Exosome-mediated delivery platform of biomacromolecules into the brain: Cetuximab in combination with doxorubicin for glioblastoma therapy.,"Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become the predominant treatment modality for various diseases due to their high affinity and specificity. Although antibodies also have great potential for neurological diseases, they couldn't fully meet the therapeutic requirements due to their high molecular weight and limitations in crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Herein, an innovative strategy based on exosomes (Exos) platform was developed to enhance the delivery of cetuximab (CTX) into the brain, and in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) for the synergistic targeted therapy of glioblastoma (GBM). The in vitro/vivo experiments have shown that exosomes could effectively promote BBB penetration and increase the content of CTX in glioma cells and brain lesions. Cytotoxicity and wound healing experiments have shown that CTX-Exo-DOX could significantly inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells. Finally, in vivo results showed that CTX-Exo-DOX significantly prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing rats to 28 days, which was 1.47 times that of the DOX group. In summary, exosomes could deliver more antibodies into the brain, and CTX-Exo-DOX is a promising co-delivery system for the treatment of GBM. The results of this study will also provide a prospective strategy for antibody drugs in the treatment of neurological diseases."
5727,brain tumour,38815636,"Predicting isocitrate dehydrogenase status among adult patients with diffuse glioma using patient characteristics, radiomic features, and magnetic resonance imaging: Multi-modal analysis by variable vision transformer.","To evaluate the performance of the multimodal model, termed variable Vision Transformer (vViT), in the task of predicting isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status among adult patients with diffuse glioma."
5728,brain tumour,38815610,Deciphering oxygen distribution and hypoxia profiles in the tumor microenvironment: a data-driven mechanistic modeling approach.,
5729,brain tumour,38815522,LncARSR promotes glioma tumor growth by mediating glycolysis through the STAT3/HK2 axis.,Glioma represents the predominant malignant brain tumor. This investigation endeavors to elucidate the impact and prospective mechanisms of glycolysis-related lncARSR on glioma.
5730,brain tumour,38815300,Predicting survival after brain metastases in patients with bladder cancer.,"Because of its rarity, limited data concerning brain metastasis (BM) from bladder cancer (BCa) are available, so this phenomenon remains unclear. We aimed to contribute to understanding this unique patient population's clinical behavior and outcomes."
5731,brain tumour,38815251,Imaging-Based Efficacy Evaluation of Cancer Immunotherapy in Engineered Tumor Platforms and Tumor Organoids.,"Cancer immunotherapy is used to treat tumors by modulating the immune system. Although the anticancer efficacy of cancer immunotherapy has been evaluated prior to clinical trials, conventional in vivo animal and endpoint models inadequately replicate the intricate process of tumor elimination and reflect human-specific immune systems. Therefore, more sophisticated models that mimic the complex tumor-immune microenvironment must be employed to assess the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Additionally, using real-time imaging technology, a step-by-step evaluation can be applied, allowing for a more precise assessment of treatment efficacy. Here, an overview of the various imaging-based evaluation platforms recently developed for cancer immunotherapeutic applications is presented. Specifically, a fundamental technique is discussed for stably observing immune cell-based tumor cell killing using direct imaging, a microwell that reproduces a confined space for spatial observation, a droplet assay that facilitates cell-cell interactions, and a 3D microphysiological system that reconstructs the vascular environment. Furthermore, it is suggested that future evaluation platforms pursue more human-like immune systems."
5732,brain tumour,38815248,"Mechanism of Action of KL-50, a Candidate Imidazotetrazine for the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Brain Cancers.","Aberrant DNA repair is a hallmark of cancer, and many tumors display reduced DNA repair capacities that sensitize them to genotoxins. Here, we demonstrate that the differential DNA repair capacities of healthy and transformed tissue may be exploited to obtain highly selective chemotherapies. We show that the novel N3-(2-fluoroethyl)imidazotetrazine ""KL-50"" is a selective toxin toward tumors that lack the DNA repair protein O"
5733,brain tumour,38814975,Juglone triggers apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer through the reactive oxygen species -mediated PI3K/Akt pathway.,"Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, and oxidative stress plays a crucial role in its development. Juglone, a naturally occurring naphthoquinone in J. mandshurica, exhibits significant cytotoxic activity against various cancer cell lines. However, whether the anticancer activity of juglone is associated with oxidative stress remains unexplored. In this study, mouse Lewis lung cancer (LLC) and human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells were used to explore the anticancer mechanisms of juglone. Juglone inhibited LLC and A549 cells viability, with IC50 values of 10.78 μM and 9.47 μM, respectively, for 24 h, and substantially suppressed the migration and invasion of these two lung cancer cells. Additionally, juglone arrested the cell cycle, induced apoptosis, increased the cleavage of caspase 3 and the protein expression of Bax and Cyt c, and decreased the protein expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3. Furthermore, juglone treatment considerably increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, but suppressed glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. It also inhibited the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, which was attenuated by 1,3-diCQA (an activator of PI3K/Akt). Moreover, N-acetylcysteine (a ROS scavenger) partially reversed the positive effects of juglone in terms of migration, invasion, ROS production, apoptosis, and PI3K/Akt pathway-associated protein expression. Finally, in tumor-bearing nude mouse models, juglone inhibited tumor growth without any apparent toxicity and significantly induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that juglone triggers apoptosis via the ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway. Therefore, juglone may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of NSCLC."
5734,brain tumour,38814900,Understanding glioblastoma at the single-cell level: Recent advances and future challenges.,"Glioblastoma, the most aggressive and prevalent form of primary brain tumor, is characterized by rapid growth, diffuse infiltration, and resistance to therapies. Intrinsic heterogeneity and cellular plasticity contribute to its rapid progression under therapy; therefore, there is a need to fully understand these tumors at a single-cell level. Over the past decade, single-cell transcriptomics has enabled the molecular characterization of individual cells within glioblastomas, providing previously unattainable insights into the genetic and molecular features that drive tumorigenesis, disease progression, and therapy resistance. However, despite advances in single-cell technologies, challenges such as high costs, complex data analysis and interpretation, and difficulties in translating findings into clinical practice persist. As single-cell technologies are developed further, more insights into the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of glioblastomas are expected, which will help guide the development of personalized and effective therapies, thereby improving prognosis and quality of life for patients."
5735,brain tumour,38814770,High-Quality Fusion and Visualization for MR-PET Brain Tumor Images via Multi-Dimensional Features.,"The fusion of magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography can combine biological anatomical information and physiological metabolic information, which is of great significance for the clinical diagnosis and localization of lesions. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive linear fusion method for multi-dimensional features of brain magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography images based on a convolutional neural network, termed as MdAFuse. First, in the feature extraction stage, three-dimensional feature extraction modules are constructed to extract coarse, fine, and multi-scale information features from the source image. Second, at the fusion stage, the affine mapping function of multi-dimensional features is established to maintain a constant geometric relationship between the features, which can effectively utilize structural information from a feature map to achieve a better reconstruction effect. Furthermore, our MdAFuse comprises a key feature visualization enhancement algorithm designed to observe the dynamic growth of brain lesions, which can facilitate the early diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our method is superior to existing fusion methods in terms of visual perception and nine kinds of objective image fusion metrics. Specifically, in the results of MR-PET fusion, the SSIM (Structural Similarity) and VIF (Visual Information Fidelity) metrics show improvements of 5.61% and 13.76%, respectively, compared to the current state-of-the-art algorithm. Our project is publicly available at: https://github.com/22385wjy/MdAFuse."
5736,brain tumour,38814253,Clear neuroimaging margin at the brain-tumor interface is associated with gross total resection and longer survival in non-enhancing diffuse gliomas.,This study aimed to determine whether the presence of distinct glioma margins on preoperative imaging is correlated with improved intraoperative identification of tumor-brain interfaces and overall improved surgical outcomes of non-enhancing gliomas.
5737,brain tumour,38814247,"A Decade of Insights: Reevaluating the Use of the Flexible-Fiber CO2 Laser in Brain Tumor Surgery-Efficacy, Challenges, and Lessons Learned.","The introduction of flexible fiber technology in the early 2000s revitalized the interest in the CO2 laser for neurosurgical applications, making it suitable for microsurgical procedures. Despite its widespread use, specific indications for the CO2 laser in neurosurgery remains undefined. This study evaluates the efficacy and limitations of the CO2 laser in brain tumor surgery."
5738,brain tumour,38814211,Research progress on function and mechanism of long non-coding RNA in glioma.,"This review aimed to comprehensively summarize the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in gliomas, the most common malignant tumors in the central nervous system, and explore their potential clinical applications. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search using the PubMed database was conducted forty studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were analyzed for type of intervention, the study's design, participants' demographics, and outcomes, including attrition. Gliomas, originating within the central nervous system, account for 40-45% of intracranial tumors. Despite advances in neurosurgical techniques, precise radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the prognosis for glioma patients remains suboptimal. The review highlights the crucial regulatory role of lncRNA in gliomas. Differential expression of various lncRNAs, such as INHEG, SATB2-AS1, PSMB8-AS1, LINC01018, and SPRY4-IT1, has been observed in gliomas, suggesting their involvement in promoting or inhibiting tumorigenesis. Additionally, lncRNAs play roles in glioma characteristics such as proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, and the presence of glioma stem cells. The potential clinical applications of lncRNA in gliomas involve their association with tumor grading, diameter, metastasis, and family history. This review emphasizes the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms involving lncRNA in gliomas. The identification of specific lncRNAs associated with gliomas provides potential molecular markers for diagnosis, differentiation, treatment, and prognosis evaluation. Further research is needed to uncover additional key lncRNAs and their underlying mechanisms, ultimately contributing to the improvement of glioma diagnosis and treatment."
5739,brain tumour,38813990,Radiomics-based prediction of local control in patients with brain metastases following postoperative stereotactic radiotherapy.,"Surgical resection is the standard of care for patients with large or symptomatic brain metastases (BMs). Despite improved local control after adjuvant stereotactic radiotherapy, the risk of local failure (LF) persists. Therefore, we aimed to develop and externally validate a pre-therapeutic radiomics-based prediction tool to identify patients at high LF risk."
5740,brain tumour,38813930,First-line concomitant EGFR-TKI + chemotherapy versus EGFR-TKI alone for advanced ,A tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI) is indicated as a first-line treatment for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring an epidermal growth-factor - receptor (
5741,brain tumour,38813827,mosaicMPI: a framework for modular data integration across cohorts and -omics modalities.,"Advances in molecular profiling have facilitated generation of large multi-modal datasets that can potentially reveal critical axes of biological variation underlying complex diseases. Distilling biological meaning, however, requires computational strategies that can perform mosaic integration across diverse cohorts and datatypes. Here, we present mosaicMPI, a framework for discovery of low to high-resolution molecular programs representing both cell types and states, and integration within and across datasets into a network representing biological themes. Using existing datasets in glioblastoma, we demonstrate that this approach robustly integrates single cell and bulk programs across multiple platforms. Clinical and molecular annotations from cohorts are statistically propagated onto this network of programs, yielding a richly characterized landscape of biological themes. This enables deep understanding of individual tumor samples, systematic exploration of relationships between modalities, and generation of a reference map onto which new datasets can rapidly be mapped. mosaicMPI is available at https://github.com/MorrissyLab/mosaicMPI."
5742,brain tumour,38813778,Multidisciplinary systemic and local therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a narrative review.,"Systemic and local therapies for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) are often challenging despite the evolution of multimodal cancer therapies in the last decade. In this review, we will focus on recent multidisciplinary approaches for patients with mRCC."
5743,brain tumour,38813315,Unmasking the Mimic: Radionecrotic Lesion Masquerading as Brain Neoplasia on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.,"Corpus callosotomy is a therapeutic approach for drug-resistant epilepsy, with positive outcomes observed in managing atonic seizures. Despite a decline in its usage, radiosurgical callosotomy remains a viable option for drug-resistant epilepsy due to its low risks of post-radiation neoplasia, albeit not with exceptions. Brain radionecrosis is characterized by tissue death and vascular endothelial damage following the procedure. Despite the low risk of intracranial secondary malignancy associated with radiation in some cases, post-radiation lesions might present with distinct characteristics needing a thorough diagnostic approach. Herein, we present a unique case of a patient with focal epilepsy who developed a radionecrotic lesion following radiosurgical callosotomy, affecting the anterior cingulate cortex, and mimicking a central nervous system (CNS) tumor. Molecular imaging techniques, including 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18-FDG PET/CT) and 11C-acetate PET/CT scans, were employed to differentiate the lesion from a tumor. This case underscores the importance of considering radionecrosis as a differential diagnosis in patients who undergo radiosurgical callosotomy presenting with ring-like enhancement lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)."
5744,brain tumour,38813246,A disease warranting attention from neurosurgeons: primary central nervous system post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder.,"Primary central nervous system post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PCNS-PTLD) is a rare condition, posing diagnostic and treatment challenges, with histological biopsy essential for diagnosis. Standardized treatment protocols are lacking. This disease requires urgent attention due to the increasing number of organ transplant surgeries and the use of immunosuppressive agents."
5745,brain tumour,38813245,Focused ultrasound as a treatment modality for gliomas.,"Ultrasound waves were initially used as a diagnostic tool that provided critical insights into several pathological conditions (e.g., gallstones, ascites, pneumothorax, etc.) at the bedside. Over the past decade, advancements in technology have led to the use of ultrasound waves in treating many neurological conditions, such as essential tremor and Parkinson's disease, with high specificity. The convergence of ultrasound waves at a specific region of interest/target while avoiding surrounding tissue has led to the coined term ""focused ultrasound (FUS)."" In tumor research, ultrasound technology was initially used as an intraoperative guidance tool for tumor resection. However, in recent years, there has been growing interest in utilizing FUS as a therapeutic tool in the management of brain tumors such as gliomas. This mini-review highlights the current knowledge surrounding using FUS as a treatment modality for gliomas. Furthermore, we discuss the utility of FUS in enhanced drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) and highlight promising clinical trials that utilize FUS as a treatment modality for gliomas."
5746,brain tumour,38812880,Simulation to become a better neurosurgeon. An international prospective controlled trial: The Passion study.,"Surgical training traditionally adheres to the apprenticeship paradigm, potentially exposing trainees to an increased risk of complications stemming from their limited experience. To mitigate this risk, augmented and virtual reality have been considered, though their effectiveness is difficult to assess."
5747,brain tumour,38812653,Sodium-fluorescein-guided awake surgery for cerebral metastases located in eloquent brain areas: technical notes and preliminary experiences.,"Awake craniotomy (AC) maximizes the resection of lesions in eloquent brain areas while preserving functionality. Tumor delineation with intraoperative use of sodium fluorescein (NaFl) facilitates total resection. When used with AC, it may allow for safe resection without increasing the risk of postoperative neurologic deficits. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of the combined use of NaFl and AC for maximum safe resection in patients with brain metastases."
5748,brain tumour,38812383,The Current Diagnostic Performance of MRI-Based Radiomics for Glioma Grading: A Meta-Analysis.,"Multiple radiomics models have been proposed for grading glioma using different algorithms, features, and sequences of magnetic resonance imaging. The research seeks to assess the present overall performance of radiomics for grading glioma."
5749,brain tumour,38812240,[Effects of epimedium total flavone capsules on post-stroke cognitive impairment in rats].,"To investigate the effect of epimedium total flavone capsules on post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI) in rats. The transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(tMCAO) model was constructed on selected rats, and rats with impaired neurological function were randomly divided into the model group, low, middle, and high dose groups of epimedium total flavone capsules, and nimodipine tablet group. The cognitive function of rats was measured after administration. Pathological changes in brain tissue were observed after hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE). Neuronal nuclei(NeuN) and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) distribution in brain tissue were tested by immunofluorescent staining. The level of amyloid beta 1-42(Aβ_(1-42)), neuron specific enolase(NSE), acetylcholine(ACH), dopamine(DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), norepinephrine(NE), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) in rat serum was tested. Moreover, Western blot was utilized to test the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB), p-NF-κB, alpha inhibitor of NF-κB(IκBα) protein, and p-IκBα protein in the hippocampus. The experimental results showed that epimedium total flavone capsules can improve the cognitive function of model rats, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of the expression of p-IκBα and p-NF-κB proteins, so as to inhibit inflammatory response induced by ischemia-reperfusion."
5750,brain tumour,38812129,[Research progress on mechanisms of ligustilide in treatment of nervous system diseases].,"Ligustilide is the main active component of the volatile oil from Angelica sinensis and Ligusticum chuanxiong in the Umbelliferae family. It is a phthalein compound with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-atherosclerosis, neuroprotective, and other pharmacological effects. It can improve the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and has important potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and other nervous system diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, ischemic stroke, Parkinson's disease, vascular dementia, and depression. Therefore, the mechanism of ligustilide in the treatment of nervous system diseases was summarized to provide a reference for drug development and clinical application."
5751,brain tumour,38812094,Evolving driver mutations in adult-onset SHH-medulloblastoma originated from radiological cerebellar abnormality.,No abstract found
5752,brain tumour,38811596,"MGMT inhibition regulates radioresponse in GBM, GSC, and melanoma.","Radiotherapy is the standard treatment for glioblastoma (GBM), but the overall survival rate for radiotherapy treated GBM patients is poor. The use of adjuvant and concomitant temozolomide (TMZ) improves the outcome; however, the effectiveness of this treatment varies according to MGMT levels. Herein, we evaluated whether MGMT expression affected the radioresponse of human GBM, GBM stem-like cells (GSCs), and melanoma. Our results indicated a correlation between MGMT promoter methylation status and MGMT expression. MGMT-producing cell lines ACPK1, GBMJ1, A375, and MM415 displayed enhanced radiosensitivity when MGMT was silenced using siRNA or when inhibited by lomeguatrib, whereas the OSU61, NSC11, WM852, and WM266-4 cell lines, which do not normally produce MGMT, displayed reduced radiosensitivity when MGMT was overexpressed. Mechanistically lomeguatrib prolonged radiation-induced γH2AX retention in MGMT-producing cells without specific cell cycle changes, suggesting that lomeguatrib-induced radiosensitization in these cells is due to radiation-induced DNA double-stranded break (DSB) repair inhibition. The DNA-DSB repair inhibition resulted in cell death via mitotic catastrophe in MGMT-producing cells. Overall, our results demonstrate that MGMT expression regulates radioresponse in GBM, GSC, and melanoma, implying a role for MGMT as a target for radiosensitization."
5753,brain tumour,38811525,Breast cancer cell-secreted miR-199b-5p hijacks neurometabolic coupling to promote brain metastasis.,"Breast cancer metastasis to the brain is a clinical challenge rising in prevalence. However, the underlying mechanisms, especially how cancer cells adapt a distant brain niche to facilitate colonization, remain poorly understood. A unique metabolic feature of the brain is the coupling between neurons and astrocytes through glutamate, glutamine, and lactate. Here we show that extracellular vesicles from breast cancer cells with a high potential to develop brain metastases carry high levels of miR-199b-5p, which shows higher levels in the blood of breast cancer patients with brain metastases comparing to those with metastatic cancer in other organs. miR-199b-5p targets solute carrier transporters (SLC1A2/EAAT2 in astrocytes and SLC38A2/SNAT2 and SLC16A7/MCT2 in neurons) to hijack the neuron-astrocyte metabolic coupling, leading to extracellular retention of these metabolites and promoting cancer cell growth. Our findings reveal a mechanism through which cancer cells of a non-brain origin reprogram neural metabolism to fuel brain metastases."
5754,brain tumour,38811492,Narrative Review of Brivaracetam: Preclinical Profile and Clinical Benefits in the Treatment of Patients with Epilepsy.,"One third of patients with epilepsy will continue to have uncontrolled seizures despite treatment with antiseizure medications (ASMs). There is therefore a need to develop novel ASMs. Brivaracetam (BRV) is an ASM that was developed in a major drug discovery program aimed at identifying selective, high-affinity synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) ligands, the target molecule of levetiracetam. BRV binds to SV2A with 15- to 30-fold higher affinity and greater selectivity than levetiracetam. BRV has broad-spectrum antiseizure activity in animal models of epilepsy, a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, few clinically relevant drug-drug interactions, and rapid brain penetration. BRV is available in oral and intravenous formulations and can be initiated at target dose without titration. Efficacy and safety of adjunctive BRV (50-200 mg/day) treatment of focal-onset seizures was demonstrated in three pivotal phase III trials (NCT00490035/NCT00464269/NCT01261325), including in patients who had previously failed levetiracetam. Efficacy and safety of adjunctive BRV were also demonstrated in adult Asian patients with focal-onset seizures (NCT03083665). In several open-label trials (NCT00150800/NCT00175916/NCT01339559), long-term safety and tolerability of adjunctive BRV was established, with efficacy maintained for up to 14 years, with high retention rates. Evidence from daily clinical practice highlights BRV effectiveness and tolerability in specific epilepsy patient populations with high unmet needs: the elderly (≥ 65 years of age), children (< 16 years of age), patients with cognitive impairment, patients with psychiatric comorbid conditions, and patients with acquired epilepsy of specific etiologies (post-stroke epilepsy/brain tumor related epilepsy/traumatic brain injury-related epilepsy). Here, we review the preclinical profile and clinical benefits of BRV from pivotal trials and recently published evidence from daily clinical practice."
5755,brain tumour,38811448,Global quality of life and mortality risk in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the impact of global quality of life (QOL) on mortality risk in patients with cancer, considering cancer type and timepoint of QOL assessment."
5756,brain tumour,38811170,Glioblastoma microenvironment-from biology to therapy.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain cancer. These tumors exhibit high intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity in neoplastic and nonneoplastic compartments, low lymphocyte infiltration, and high abundance of myeloid subsets that together create a highly protumorigenic immunosuppressive microenvironment. Moreover, heterogeneous GBM cells infiltrate adjacent brain tissue, remodeling the neural microenvironment to foster tumor electrochemical coupling with neurons and metabolic coupling with nonneoplastic astrocytes, thereby driving growth. Here, we review heterogeneity in the GBM microenvironment and its role in low-to-high-grade glioma transition, concluding with a discussion of the challenges of therapeutically targeting the tumor microenvironment and outlining future research opportunities."
5757,brain tumour,38810789,JR14a: A novel antagonist of C3aR attenuates neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.,"Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI), a prevalent stroke-related complication, can lead to severe brain damage. Inflammation is a crucial factor in CIRI pathogenesis, and the complement component 3a receptor (C3aR) could be a key mediator in the post-CIRI inflammatory cascade. In this study, the role of C3aR in CIRI was investigated utilizing a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in C3aR knockout (KO) mice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurofunctional assessments revealed that C3aR KO mice exhibited significantly diminished cerebral infarction and improved neurological impairments. Consequently, the focus shifted to searching for a small molecule antagonist of C3aR. JR14a, a new potent thiophene antagonist of C3aR, was injected intraperitoneally into mice 1-h post-MCAO model implementation. The mass spectrometry (MS) results indicated the ability of JR14a to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Subsequent TTC staining and neurofunctional assessments revealed the efficacy of JR14a in reducing cerebral infarct volume and neurological impairment following MCAO. In addition, immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) demonstrated attenuated microglial activation, neutrophil infiltration, and blood-brain barrier disruption by JR14a in the MCAO model. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting supported the role of JR14a in downregulating the expression levels of C3aR, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as the phosphorylation of p65. In conclusion, the findings suggested that C3aR could be a potential therapeutic target for CIRI, and JR14a emerged as a promising treatment candidate."
5758,brain tumour,38810764,Enhancing methodological precision in nutritional and inflammatory research on cancer survivor mortality: A letter to the editor.,No abstract found
5759,brain tumour,38810478,Automatic segmentation of femoral tumors by nnU-net.,Metastatic femoral tumors may lead to pathological fractures during daily activities. A CT-based finite element analysis of a patient's femurs was shown to assist orthopedic surgeons in making informed decisions about the risk of fracture and the need for a prophylactic fixation. Improving the accuracy of such analyses ruqires an automatic and accurate segmentation of the tumors and their automatic inclusion in the finite element model. We present herein a deep learning algorithm (nnU-Net) to automatically segment lytic tumors within the femur.
5760,brain tumour,38810473,Comprehensive quantitative radiogenomic evaluation reveals novel radiomic subtypes with distinct immune pattern in glioma.,"Accurate classification of gliomas is critical to the selection of immunotherapy, and MRI contains a large number of radiomic features that may suggest some prognostic relevant signals. We aim to predict new subtypes of gliomas using radiomic features and characterize their survival, immune, genomic profiles and drug response."
5761,brain tumour,38810439,Three scans are better than two for follow-up: An automatic method for finding missed and misidentified lesions in cross-sectional follow-up of oncology patients.,"Missed and misidentified neoplastic lesions in longitudinal studies of oncology patients are pervasive and may affect the evaluation of the disease status. Two newly identified patterns of lesion changes, lone lesions and non-consecutive lesion changes, may help radiologists to detect these lesions. This study evaluated a new interpretation revision workflow of lesion annotations in three or more consecutive scans based on these suspicious patterns."
5762,brain tumour,38810387,Noninvasive ROS imaging and drug delivery monitoring in the tumor microenvironment.,"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are overproduced in certain tumors can be considered an indicator of oxidative stress levels in the tissue. Here, we report a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based probe capable of detecting ROS levels in the tumor microenvironment (TME) using ROS-responsive manganese ion (Mn"
5763,brain tumour,38810378,Artificial intelligence model for tumoral clinical decision support systems.,"Comparative diagnostic in brain tumor evaluation makes possible to use the available information of a medical center to compare similar cases when a new patient is evaluated. By leveraging Artificial Intelligence models, the proposed system is able of retrieving the most similar cases of brain tumors for a given query. The primary objective is to enhance the diagnostic process by generating more accurate representations of medical images, with a particular focus on patient-specific normal features and pathologies. A key distinction from previous models lies in its ability to produce enriched image descriptors solely from binary information, eliminating the need for costly and difficult to obtain tumor segmentation."
5764,brain tumour,38810175,Beyond Clinical Trials: Understanding Neurotrophic Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase Inhibitor Challenges and Efficacy in Real-World Pediatric Oncology.,"Our study aimed to explore real-world treatment scenarios for children and adolescents with neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK)-fused tumors, emphasizing access, responses, side effects, and outcomes."
5765,brain tumour,38809931,Discussion on the relationship between gut microbiota and glioma through Mendelian randomization test based on the brain gut axis.,"In the realm of Gut-Brain axis research, existing evidence points to a complex bidirectional regulatory mechanism between gut microbiota and the brain. However, the question of whether a causal relationship exists between gut microbiota and specific types of brain tumors, such as gliomas, remains unresolved. To address this gap, we employed publicly available Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) and MIOBEN databases, conducting an in-depth analysis using Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization (MR)."
5766,brain tumour,38809929,Hypoxia-related THBD,Glioma is a prevalent malignant tumour characterized by hypoxia as a pivotal factor in its progression. This study aims to investigate the impact of the most severely hypoxic cell subpopulation in glioma. Our findings reveal that the THBD
5767,brain tumour,38809750,The comprehensive morphological and molecular characteristics of lipoastrocytoma: A case report.,No abstract found
5768,brain tumour,38809654,Anticancer Activity of Aaptos suberitoides on Glioblastoma Multiforme Cell Line.,"Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) poses a significant challenge due to its high aggressiveness and unfavorable prognosis, with existing treatments demonstrating limited efficacy in prolonging survival rates. This study aimed to assess the anticancer properties of Aaptos suberitoides extracts and fraction on the U87 cell line, serving as a representative model for GBM."
5769,brain tumour,38809514,Bufotalin enhances apoptosis and TMZ chemosensitivity of glioblastoma cells by promoting mitochondrial dysfunction via AKT signaling pathway.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and lethal primary intracranial neoplasm in the adult population, with treatments of limited efficacy. Recently, bufotalin has been shown to have anti-cancer activity in a variety of cancers. This investigation aims to investigate the effect of bufotalin on GBM and elucidate its potential underlying mechanism. Our results show that bufotalin not only inhibits the proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) but also triggers apoptosis in GBM cells. The result of RNA-seq indicated that bufotalin could induce mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, our observations indicate that bufotalin induces an excessive accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in GBM cells, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and the dephosphorylation of AKT. Moreover, bufotalin improved TMZ sensitivity of GBM cells "
5770,brain tumour,38809507,Jingfang granules protects against intracerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting neuroinflammation and protecting blood-brain barrier damage.,"Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can induce intensive oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and brain cell apoptosis. However, conventional methods for ICH treatment have many disadvantages. There is an urgent need for alternative, effective therapies with minimal side effects. Pharmacodynamics experiment, molecular docking, network pharmacology, and metabolomics were adopted to investigate the treatment and its mechanism of Jingfang Granules (JFG) in ICH. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of JFG on ICH using behavioral, brain water content and Magnetic resonance imaging experiments. However, the key active component and targets of JFG remain unknown. Here we verified that JFG was beneficial to improve brain injury after ICH. A network pharmacology analysis revealed that the anti-inflammatory effect of JFG is predominantly mediated by its activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway through Luteolin, (+)-Anomalin and Phaseol and their targeting of AKT1, tumor necrosis factorα (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Molecular docking analyses revealed an average affinity of -8.633 kcal/mol, indicating a binding strength of less than -5 kcal/mol. Metabolomic analysis showed that JFG exerted its therapeutic effect on ICH by regulating metabolic pathways, such as the metabolism of taurine and hypotaurine, biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine. In conclusion, we demonstrated that JFG attenuated neuroinflammation and BBB injury subsequent to ICH by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway."
5771,brain tumour,38809486,Modulated Arc Therapy for hippocampal-avoidance whole brain radiation therapy: planning comparison with intensity modulated Radiation Therapy.,"This study aimed to evaluate the modulated arc therapy (mARC) technique as a planning and treatment option for hippocampal sparing whole brain radiotherapy (HS-WBRT) following the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0933 dosimetric criteria. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were selected retrospectively for 15 patients. Two types of plans were created for each patient, namely an intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and a mARC plan. IMRT and mARC plans were compared in terms of plan quality indices, absorbed dose to organs at risk (OARs), number of monitor units (MUs), and treatment time. All plans in both techniques were considered clinically acceptable for treatment. However, IMRT plans presented a higher conformity (p = 0.01) as well as a higher homogeneity as compared to mARC plans, but this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In terms of the preservation of the hippocampus, it was observed that the IMRT plans achieved significantly lower doses for both 100% of its volume and for its maximum dose (p < 0.001). The evaluation of the remaining OARs showed that the IMRT technique resulted in lower doses, and significant differences were observed for the following organs: left cochlea (p < 0.001), left eye (p < 0.001), right eye (p = 0.03), both lenses of the eye (p < 0.001), and right optic nerve (p = 0.02). Despite these differences, the absolute differences in all dosimetric parameters were low enough to bear any clinical relevance. A drastic (close to 65%) and significant (p < 0.001) decrease was observed in the number of MUs for the mARC plans. This resulted in a substantial decrease in treatment time (60.45%, p < 0.001). It is concluded that the mARC technique is a feasible planning and treatment solution for HS-WBRT that meets the RTOG 0933 criteria. The main advantage of using mARC over IMRT for HS-WBRT is the considerable reduction in MUs and treatment time."
5772,brain tumour,38809352,Unveiling the Pharmacological Role of Human Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Temozolomide Response of Glioblastoma Cells.,"Temozolomide (TMZ) stands as the primary chemotherapeutic drug utilized in clinical glioma treatment, particularly for high-grade glioblastoma (GBM). However, the emergence of TMZ resistance in GBM poses a significant hurdle to its clinical efficacy. Our objective was to elucidate the role of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) in GBM cell resistance to TMZ. We employed the broad-spectrum DUBs inhibitor G5 to investigate the function of DUBs in TMZ cytotoxicity against GBM cells. Eighty-two GBM cell lines with specified DUBs knockout were generated and subjected to CCK-8 assays to assess cell proliferation and TMZ resistance. Furthermore, the association between DUBs and TMZ resistance in GBM cells, along with the modulation of autophagic flux, was examined. The pan-DUBs inhibitor G5 demonstrated the ability to induce cell death and enhance TMZ toxicity in GBM cells. Subsequently, we identified potential DUBs involved in regulating GBM cell proliferation and TMZ resistance. The impact of DUBs knockout on TMZ cytotoxicity was found to be associated with their regulation of TMZ-induced autophagy. In summary, our study provides primary insights into the role of DUBs in GBM cell proliferation and TMZ resistance, and contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex function of DUBs genes underlying TMZ resistance in GBM cells."
5773,brain tumour,38809213,Challenges in management of giant prolactinoma in a young man.,No abstract found
5774,brain tumour,38809147,Cerebral blood flow and structural connectivity after working memory or physical training in paediatric cancer survivors - Exploratory findings.,"Paediatric cancer survivors often suffer from cognitive long-term difficulties. Consequently, strengthening cognition is of major clinical relevance. This study investigated cerebral changes in relation to cognition in non-brain tumour paediatric cancer survivors after working memory or physical training compared to a control group. Thirty-four children (≥one-year post-treatment) either underwent eight weeks of working memory training ("
5775,brain tumour,38808755,"Digital ""flipbooks"" for enhanced visual assessment of simple and complex brain tumors.","Typical longitudinal radiographic assessment of brain tumors relies on side-by-side qualitative visualization of serial magnetic resonance images (MRIs) aided by quantitative measurements of tumor size. However, when assessing slowly growing tumors and/or complex tumors, side-by-side visualization and quantification may be difficult or unreliable. Whole-brain, patient-specific ""digital flipbooks"" of longitudinal scans are a potential method to augment radiographic side-by-side reads in clinical settings by enhancing the visual perception of changes in tumor size, mass effect, and infiltration across multiple slices over time. In this approach, co-registered, consecutive MRI scans are displayed in a slide deck, where one slide displays multiple brain slices of a single timepoint in an array (eg, 3 × 5 ""mosaic"" view of slices). The flipbooks are viewed similarly to an animated flipbook of cartoons/photos so that subtle radiographic changes are visualized via perceived motion when scrolling through the slides. Importantly, flipbooks can be created easily with free, open-source software. This article describes the step-by-step methodology for creating flipbooks and discusses clinical scenarios for which flipbooks are particularly useful. Example flipbooks are provided in Supplementary Material."
5776,brain tumour,38808630,Active targeted delivery of theranostic thermo/pH dual-responsive magnetic Janus nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid/fluorescein ligands for enhanced DOX combination therapy of rat glioblastoma.,"Doxorubicin (DOX), a chemotherapy drug, has demonstrated limited efficacy against glioblastoma, an aggressive brain tumor with resistance attributed to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This study aims to overcome this challenge by proposing the targeted delivery of magnetic Janus nanoparticles (MJNPs) functionalized with folic acid ligands, fluorescent dye, and doxorubicin (DOX/MJNPs-FLA). The properties of these nanoparticles were comprehensively evaluated using bio-physiochemical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), fluorescence microscopy, MTT assay, hemolysis assay, and liver enzyme level evaluation. Dual-controlled DOX release was investigated under different pH and temperature conditions. Additionally, the impact of DOX/MJNPs-FLA on apoptosis induction in tumor cells, body weight, and survival time of cancerous animals was assessed. The targeted delivery system was assessed using C6 and OLN-93 cell lines as representatives of cancerous and healthy cell lines, respectively, alongside Wistar rat tumor-bearing models. Results from Prussian blue staining and confocal microscopy tests demonstrated the effective targeted internalization of MJNPs-FLA by glioblastoma cells. Additionally, we investigated the biodistribution of the nanoparticles utilizing fluorescence imaging techniques. This enabled us to track the distribution pattern of MJNPs-FLA "
5777,brain tumour,38808535,Expression of concern: A hypoxia-dissociable siRNA nanoplatform for synergistically enhanced chemo-radiotherapy of glioblastoma.,"Expression of concern for 'A hypoxia-dissociable siRNA nanoplatform for synergistically enhanced chemo-radiotherapy of glioblastoma' by Yandong Xie, "
5778,brain tumour,38807975,"Liquid biopsy for human cancer: cancer screening, monitoring, and treatment.","Currently, tumor treatment modalities such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy have more stringent requirements for obtaining tumor growth information and require more accurate and easy-to-operate tumor information detection methods. Compared with traditional tissue biopsy, liquid biopsy is a novel, minimally invasive, real-time detection tool for detecting information directly or indirectly released by tumors in human body fluids, which is more suitable for the requirements of new tumor treatment modalities. Liquid biopsy has not been widely used in clinical practice, and there are fewer reviews of related clinical applications. This review summarizes the clinical applications of liquid biopsy components (e.g., circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, extracellular vesicles, etc.) in tumorigenesis and progression. This includes the development process and detection techniques of liquid biopsies, early screening of tumors, tumor growth detection, and guiding therapeutic strategies (liquid biopsy-based personalized medicine and prediction of treatment response). Finally, the current challenges and future directions for clinical applications of liquid biopsy are proposed. In sum, this review will inspire more researchers to use liquid biopsy technology to promote the realization of individualized therapy, improve the efficacy of tumor therapy, and provide better therapeutic options for tumor patients."
5779,brain tumour,38807869,Modeling of brain tumors using ,"Brain cancers are some of the most complex diseases to treat, despite the numerous advances science has made in cancer chemotherapy and research. One of the key obstacles to identifying potential cures for this disease is the difficulty in emulating the complexity of the brain and the surrounding microenvironment to understand potential therapeutic approaches. This paper discusses some of the most important "
5780,brain tumour,38807804,Liponeurocytoma: Rare Neoplasm of the Central Nervous System.,"In this case report, we characterize an instance of diagnosis, treatment, characteristics, and outcomes of a patient with a liponeurocytoma, a rare WHO grade II brain tumor first described in 1978. This tumor has been described with a wide array of radiographic, microscopic, and histologic features, and there remains no consensus regarding the role of radiation therapy. Most patients have favorable outcomes after surgical resection. Here we present the case of a 46-year-old female who underwent suboccipital craniectomy for resection of a cerebellar mass, which was diagnosed as liponeurocytoma on final pathology. The patient experienced resolution of symptoms and is neurologically intact two years after resection of the tumor."
5781,brain tumour,38807725,Intracranial inflammatory pseudotumour related to IgG4: A very rare case.,"Intracranial inflammatory pseudotumours (IPT) are rare entities that frequently lead to misdiagnosis with malignant lesions. The identification of these lesions is difficult, but important to avoid inadvertent iatrogenicity and to adjust therapeutic protocols."
5782,brain tumour,38807414,Cyclopeptide moroidin inhibits vasculogenic mimicry formed by glioblastoma cells ,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly vascularized malignant brain tumor with poor clinical outcomes. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formed by aggressive GBM cells is an alternative approach for tumor blood supply and contributes to the failure of anti-angiogenic therapy. To date, there is still a lack of effective drugs that target VM formation in GBM. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of the plant cyclopeptide moroidin on VM formed by GBM cells and investigated its underlying molecular mechanisms. Moroidin significantly suppressed cell migration, tube formation, and the expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human GBM cell lines at sublethal concentrations. The RNA sequencing data suggested the involvement of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway in the mechanism of moroidin. Exposure to moroidin led to a concentration-dependent decrease in the expression levels of the EMT markers N-cadherin and vimentin in GBM cells. Moreover, moroidin significantly reduced the level of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p-ERK) and inhibited the activation of β-catenin. Finally, we demonstrated that the plant cyclopeptide moroidin inhibited VM formation by GBM cells through inhibiting the ERK/β-catenin-mediated EMT. Therefore, our study indicates a potential application of moroidin as an anti-VM agent in the treatment of GBM."
5783,brain tumour,38807177,Diabetes and further risk of cancer: a nationwide population-based study.,"Individuals with diabetes have a significantly higher risk of developing various forms of cancer, and the potential biological links between these two diseases are not completely understood."
5784,brain tumour,38806994,A viral attack on brain tumors: the potential of oncolytic virus therapy.,"Managing malignant brain tumors remains a significant therapeutic hurdle that necessitates further research to comprehend their treatment potential fully. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) offer many opportunities for predicting and combating tumors through several mechanisms, with both preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating potential. OV therapy has emerged as a potent and effective method with a dual mechanism. Developing innovative and effective strategies for virus transduction, coupled with immune checkpoint inhibitors or chemotherapy drugs, strengthens this new technique. Furthermore, the discovery and creation of new OVs that can seamlessly integrate gene therapy strategies, such as cytotoxic, anti-angiogenic, and immunostimulatory, are promising advancements. This review presents an overview of the latest advancements in OVs transduction for brain cancer, focusing on the safety and effectiveness of G207, G47Δ, M032, rQNestin34.5v.2, C134, DNX-2401, Ad-TD-nsIL12, NSC-CRAd-S-p7, TG6002, and PVSRIPO. These are evaluated in both preclinical and clinical models of various brain tumors."
5785,brain tumour,38806940,"Aquaporins in colorectal cancer: exploring their role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug response.","Aquaporins (AQPs) are small, integral proteins facilitating water transport across plasma cell membranes in response to osmotic gradients. This family has 13 unique members (AQP0-12), which can also transport glycerol, urea, gases, and other salute small molecules. AQPs play a crucial role in the regulation of different cellular processes, including metabolism, migration, immunity, barrier function, and angiogenesis. These proteins are found to aberrantly overexpress in various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Growing evidence has explored AQPs as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in different cancers. However, there is no comprehensive review compiling the available information on the crucial role of AQPs in the context of colorectal cancer. This review highlights the significance of AQPs as the biomarker and regulator of tumor cells metabolism. In addition, the proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumor cells related to AQPs expression as well as function are discussed. Understanding the AQPs prominent role in chemotherapy resistance is of great importance clinically."
5786,brain tumour,38806857,Comparison of endoscopic third ventriculostomy versus cerebrospinal fluid shunt procedures for the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus in Taiwan.,Pediatric hydrocephalus is the most common cause of surgically treatable neurological disease in children. Controversies exist whether endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt placement is the most appropriate treatment for pediatric hydrocephalus. This study aimed to compare the risk of re-operation and death between the two procedures.
5787,brain tumour,38806755,Predictors of early and late postoperative seizures in meningioma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Meningioma is the most common type of primary brain tumor which presents with a variety of neurological manifestations. Surgical resection tends to be the preferred treatment. The occurrence of seizures after resection is common, which occur either early, within seven days of operation, or late. Our meta-analysis investigated the possible predictors of early and late postoperative seizures. We assessed the relevant observational studies on predictors of postoperative seizures published in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 2000 to September 2022, and those that met inclusion criteria were included. We calculated the association between potential predicting factors and postoperative seizures, odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) applying either random or fixed-effect models. The early and late postoperative seizures were evaluated individually. Thirteen observational studies involving 4176 patients were included. Seizures occurred in 250 (6%) and 584 (14%) patients, respectively, in the early and late postoperative phases. Shared predictors for early and late seizures included tumors involving the motor cortex (OR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.67-4.38, OR = 2.46; 95% CI: 1.68-3.61), postoperative neurological deficit (OR = 4.68; 95% CI: 2.67-8.22, OR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.39-2.92), and preoperative seizures (OR = 2.52; 95% CI: 1.82-3.49, OR = 4.35; 95% CI: 3.29-5.75). Peritumoral edema (OR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.49-2.64) was a significant factor only among late postoperative seizure patients while surgical complications (OR = 3.77; 95% CI: 2.39-5.93) was a significant factor solely for early postoperative seizures. Meningioma patients commonly experience early and late postoperative seizures. Identifying predictors of postoperative seizures is essential to diagnose and manage them effectively."
5788,brain tumour,38806680,Developing a nomogram based on SEER database for predicting prognosis in choroid plexus tumors.,"Choroid plexus tumors (CPT) are rare and highly vascularized neoplasms that have three histologically confirmed diagnoses, including choroid plexus papilloma, atypical choroid plexus papilloma, and choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC). This study aimed to determine the epidemiology and survival of patients with CPTs and develop a nomogram to quantify the prognosis of the patients with CPT. Data of 808 patients who were diagnosed as CPT between 2000 and 2020 was obtained from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. Descriptive analysis was used to assess the distribution and tumor-related characteristics of the patients with CPT. Independent prognostic factors for patients with CPT were identified by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The nomogram was established and evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA), calibration curves. The independent prognostic factors for patients with CPT are age, tumor size, surgery, chemotherapy, tumor number, pathologies, and race. For the prognostic nomogram, the area under the curve (AUC) of 60-, 120-, and 180-months were 0.855, 0.869 and 0.857 in the training set and 0.836, 0.864 and 0.922 in the test set. The DCA and calibration curve indicated the good performance of the nomogram. Patients with CPTs can be diagnosed at any age. Among the three histopathological tumors, patients with CPC had the worst prognosis. The nomogram was established to predict the prognosis of patients with CPT, which had satisfactory accuracy, and clinical utility may benefit for clinical decision-making."
5789,brain tumour,38806504,L-RNA aptamer-based CXCL12 inhibition combined with radiotherapy in newly-diagnosed glioblastoma: dose escalation of the phase I/II GLORIA trial.,"The chemokine CXCL12 promotes glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence after radiotherapy (RT) by facilitating vasculogenesis. Here we report outcomes of the dose-escalation part of GLORIA (NCT04121455), a phase I/II trial combining RT and the CXCL12-neutralizing aptamer olaptesed pegol (NOX-A12; 200/400/600 mg per week) in patients with incompletely resected, newly-diagnosed GBM lacking MGMT methylation. The primary endpoint was safety, secondary endpoints included maximum tolerable dose (MTD), recommended phase II dose (RP2D), NOX-A12 plasma levels, topography of recurrence, tumor vascularization, neurologic assessment in neuro-oncology (NANO), quality of life (QOL), median progression-free survival (PFS), 6-months PFS and overall survival (OS). Treatment was safe with no dose-limiting toxicities or treatment-related deaths. The MTD has not been reached and, thus, 600 mg per week of NOX-A12 was established as RP2D for the ongoing expansion part of the trial. With increasing NOX-A12 dose levels, a corresponding increase of NOX-A12 plasma levels was observed. Of ten patients enrolled, nine showed radiographic responses, four reached partial remission. All but one patient (90%) showed at best response reduced perfusion values in terms of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV). The median PFS was 174 (range 58-260) days, 6-month PFS was 40.0% and the median OS 389 (144-562) days. In a post-hoc exploratory analysis of tumor tissue, higher frequency of CXCL12"
5790,brain tumour,38806469,Targeting ARNT attenuates chemoresistance through destabilizing p38α-MAPK signaling in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal brain tumor in adults. This study aimed to investigate the functional significance of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) in the pathogenesis of GBM. Analysis of public datasets revealed ARNT is upregulated in GBM tissues compared to lower grade gliomas or normal brain tissues. Higher ARNT expression correlated with the mesenchymal subtype and poorer survival in GBM patients. Silencing ARNT using lentiviral shRNAs attenuated the proliferative, invasive, and stem-like capabilities of GBM cell lines, while ARNT overexpression enhanced these malignant phenotypes. Single-cell RNA sequencing uncovered that ARNT is highly expressed in a stem-like subpopulation and is involved in regulating glycolysis, hypoxia response, and stress pathways. Mechanistic studies found ARNT activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling to promote chemoresistance in GBM cells. Disrupting the ARNT/p38α protein interaction via the ARNT PAS-A domain restored temozolomide sensitivity. Overall, this study demonstrates ARNT functions as an oncogenic driver in GBM pathogenesis and represents a promising therapeutic target."
5791,brain tumour,38806380,"""Pesticides and pediatric diseases"": France's first consultation center opens.",No abstract found
5792,brain tumour,38806209,Hidden systems in primary care cancer detection: an embedded qualitative intervention development study.,"UK cancer mortality is worse than in many other high-income countries, partly because of diagnostic delays in primary care."
5793,brain tumour,38806118,Anti-glioma effect of paclitaxel mediated by specific mode electroacupuncture stimulation and the related role of the Hedgehog pathway.,"Paclitaxel (PTX) cannot effectively treat glioma because it cannot cross the bloodbrain barrier (BBB). A specific mode electroacupuncture stimulation (SMES) can temporarily open the BBB, thereby improving drug delivery to the brain. This study aimed to observe SMES-mediated accumulation of PTX in the brain and its anti-glioma effect and explore the role of the Hedgehog pathway."
5794,brain tumour,38806115,Dosimetric analysis of hearing loss after cranial radiation therapy in children: A single-institution study from the French national registry PediaRT.,To identify dosimetric predictive factors of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children after cranial radiation therapy (RT) in a single institution using dosimetric data from the French National Registry PediaRT.
5795,brain tumour,38806113,Systematic review and meta-analysis of deep learning applications in computed tomography lung cancer segmentation.,"Accurate segmentation of lung tumors on chest computed tomography (CT) scans is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment planning. Deep Learning (DL) has emerged as a promising tool in medical imaging, particularly for lung cancer segmentation. However, its efficacy across different clinical settings and tumor stages remains variable."
5796,brain tumour,38806071,"Exosomes: Their role in the diagnosis, progression, metastasis, and treatment of glioblastoma.","Exosomes are crucial for the growth and spread of glioblastomas, an aggressive form of brain cancer. These tiny vesicles play a crucial role in the activation of signaling pathways and intercellular communication. They can also transfer a variety of biomolecules such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids from donor to recipient cells. Exosomes can influence the immune response by regulating the activity of immune cells, and they are crucial for the growth and metastasis of glioblastoma cells. In addition, exosomes contribute to drug resistance during treatment, which is a major obstacle in the treatment of glioblastoma. By studying them, the diagnosis and prognosis of glioblastoma can be improved. Due to their high biocompatibility and lack of toxicity, they have become an attractive option for drug delivery. The development of exosomes as carriers of specific therapeutic agents could overcome some of the obstacles to effective treatment of glioblastoma. In this review, we address the potential of exosomes for the treatment of glioblastoma and show how they can be modified for this purpose."
5797,brain tumour,38806015,Donor Inhalation of Nebulized Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat Lung Transplantation.,"The occurrence of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) after lung transplantation results in primary graft dysfunction (PGD) in more than 50% of cases, which seriously affects the prognosis of recipients. Currently, donor lung protection is the focus of research on improving graft survival in lung transplant recipients. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is a widely used general anesthesia adjuvant in clinical practice to alleviate ischemia-reperfusion injury in the lungs, liver, heart, kidneys, and brain. However, intravenous infusion of Dex can cause negative effects on the cardiovascular system. Inhaling nebulized Dex can directly act on the alveolar tissue and alleviate its cardiovascular inhibitory effect by reducing drug intake. This study aimed to investigate the effect of donor nebulized Dex inhalation on LIRI after lung transplantation in rats."
5798,brain tumour,38805859,Changes in plasma concentrations of novel vascular and inflammatory biomarkers in obstructive sleep apnea patients pre- and post-stroke.,Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasingly recognized as a common condition in the general population and causes significant OSA-associated morbidities including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events such as cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and stroke.
5799,brain tumour,38805346,Spatial analysis of recurrent glioblastoma reveals perivascular niche organization.,"Tumor evolution is driven by genetic variation; however, it is the tumor microenvironment (TME) that provides the selective pressure contributing to evolution in cancer. Despite high histopathological heterogeneity within glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive brain tumor, the interactions between the genetically distinct GBM cells and the surrounding TME are not fully understood. To address this, we analyzed matched primary and recurrent GBM archival tumor tissues with imaging-based techniques aimed to simultaneously evaluate tumor tissues for the presence of hypoxic, angiogenic, and inflammatory niches, extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, TERT promoter mutational status, and several oncogenic amplifications on the same slide and location. We found that the relationships between genetic and TME diversity are different in primary and matched recurrent tumors. Interestingly, the texture of the ECM, identified by label-free reflectance imaging, was predictive of single-cell genetic traits present in the tissue. Moreover, reflectance of ECM revealed structured organization of the perivascular niche in recurrent GBM, enriched in immunosuppressive macrophages. Single-cell spatial transcriptomics further confirmed the presence of the niche-specific macrophage populations and identified interactions between endothelial cells, perivascular fibroblasts, and immunosuppressive macrophages. Our results underscore the importance of GBM tissue organization in tumor evolution and highlight genetic and spatial dependencies."
5800,brain tumour,38805344,Epithelial ovarian cancer and brain metastases: might the ,To evaluate disease characteristics and survival according to 
5801,brain tumour,38805277,Rapid detection of IDH mutations in gliomas by intraoperative mass spectrometry.,"The development and performance of two mass spectrometry (MS) workflows for the intraoperative diagnosis of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in glioma is implemented by independent teams at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai. The infiltrative nature of gliomas makes rapid diagnosis necessary to guide the extent of surgical resection of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. The combination of tissue biopsy and MS analysis used here satisfies this requirement. The key feature of both described methods is the use of tandem MS to measure the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) relative to endogenous glutamate (Glu) to characterize the presence of mutant tumor. The experiments i) provide IDH mutation status for individual patients and ii) demonstrate a strong correlation of 2HG signals with tumor infiltration. The measured ratio of 2HG to Glu correlates with IDH-mutant (IDH-mut) glioma ("
5802,brain tumour,38805085,Letter to editor: short-term predictors of stereotactic radiosurgery outcome for untreated single non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases: a retrospective cohort study.,No abstract found
5803,brain tumour,38805061,Optic nerve sheath diameter correlates with both success and failure of hydrocephalus treatment in pediatric patients with pineal region lesions.,"Pineal region lesions in children are heterogenous pathologies often symptomatic due to occlusive hydrocephalus and thus elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). MRI-derived parameters to assess hydrocephalus are the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) as a surrogate for ICP and the frontal occipital horn ratio (FOHR), representing ventricle volume. As elevated ICP may not always be associated with clinical signs, the adjunct of ONSD could help decision making in patients undergoing treatment. The goal of this study is to assess the available magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with pineal region lesions undergoing surgical treatment with respect to pre- and postoperative ONSD and FOHR as an indicator for hydrocephalus."
5804,brain tumour,38805039,Co-administration of probiotics and vitamin D reduced disease severity and complications in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial.,"Probiotics have beneficial effects on the nervous system by modulating the gut-brain axis. Additionally, vitamin D supplementation presents a potential way for ameliorating neuropsychological disorders, particularly in regions with a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency."
5805,brain tumour,38805018,Application of surfactants in the electrochemical sensing and biosensing of biomolecules and drug molecules.,"Realizing sensitive and efficient detection of biomolecules and drug molecules is of great significance. Among the detection methods that have been proposed, electrochemical sensing is favored for its outstanding advantages such as simple operation, low cost, fast response and high sensitivity. The unique structure and properties of surfactants have led to a wide range of applications in the field of electrochemical sensors and biosensors for biomolecules and drug molecules. Through the comparative analysis of reported works, this paper summarizes the application modes of surfactants in electrochemical sensors and biosensors for biomolecules and drug molecules, explores the possible electrocatalytic mechanism of their action, and looks forward to the development trend of their applications. This review is expected to provide some new ideas for subsequent related research work."
5806,brain tumour,38804887,Discovery and Optimization of N-Arylated Tetracyclic Dicarboximides That Target Primary Glioma Stem-like Cells.,We recently discovered a novel N-aryl tetracyclic dicarboximide MM0299 (
5807,brain tumour,38803817,Itraconazole Oral Solution for Infantile Complicated Hemangioma with Double Lesions on the Skin and One Inside the Liver.,"An infantile hemangioma is a congenital benign tumor formed by the proliferation of vascular cells during the embryonic stage. It is more common in the skin but can also occur in the mucous membranes, liver, brain and muscle. Hepatic hemangioma appears to be a benign tumor; however, it may lead to poor outcomes because of severe complications, such as high-output cardiac failure. The main treatment of hepatic hemangioma in infants is oral drugs, such as propranolol and glucocorticoids, but the clinical response is not always satisfactory. We describe a rare case of a 2-month-old boy who presented with infantile cutaneous and hepatic hemangiomas. By using dermoscopy and observations of the abdominal color Doppler ultrasound, after 9 months of oral treatment with itraconazole solution, the infantile cutaneous hemangioma complicated with hepatic hemangioma was eventually cured. There was no liver or kidney function damage during the whole treatment period. Itraconazole oral solution for the treatment of infantile cutaneous hemangioma complicated with hepatic hemangioma showed good efficacy, compliance, and safety in this case."
5808,brain tumour,38803788,Giant Cell Tumor of the Clivus in a 19-Year-Old Male Presenting With Doubling of Vision: A Case Report.,"Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the skull is an extremely rare condition, accounting for less than one percent of all bone GCTs. Clival GCT is even rarer, with only 25 cases documented to date. It generally follows a benign course; however, due to its location and vascularity, it can be locally aggressive. Complete resection of GCT in this location may be challenging, resulting in residual tumors. In this paper, we report a case of a 19-year-old male who presented with a chronic headache later accompanied by diplopia and was noted to have a mass spanning the sella and the clivus on cranial imaging. The histopathology report of the excised mass revealed findings compatible with GCT of the bone. Most GCTs remain stable in the first two years after initial treatment. However, four months after its partial excision, the clival GCT continued to progress. The patient underwent adjuvant radiation therapy, yet symptoms persisted. This profile highlights the crucial role of long-term surveillance and prompt adjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy."
5809,brain tumour,38803768,Double Whammy: Abscopal Effect and Pseudoprogression in a Case of Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma With Brain Metastases.,"Abscopal effect and pseudoprogression are terms used in modern oncological imaging. Abscopal effect refers to the elicitation of tumor response away from the site of primary disease. Pseudoprogression is the increase in size or enhancement of the treated tumor or the appearance of new lesions that remain stable or show subsequent decrease without any change in therapy. Both of these are known to be associated with radiation therapy. We present a case of adenocarcinoma of the lung, which developed both these phenomena throughout the course of their therapy. Out-of-target responses secondary to radiotherapy have been discussed extensively in the literature and may pave the way for future oncological management as the targeted therapies become more specific. At the same time, atypical, however not uncommon, phenomena such as pseudoprogression should always be kept in the back of a clinician's mind as further course of clinical management may change."
5810,brain tumour,38803199,Gelsolin knockdown confers radiosensitivity to glioblastoma cells.,"Radiotherapy (RT) is a cornerstone of the glioblastoma (GBM) treatment. However, the resistance of tumour cells to radiation results in early recurrence. The mechanisms underlying GBM radioresistance remain unclear. Screening for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to radiation might be a potential solution to this problem."
5811,brain tumour,38803182,"Plasma Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Dementias: Unrevealing the Potential of Serum Oxytocin, BDNF, NPTX1, TREM2, TNF-alpha, IL-1 and Prolactin.",Dementia encompasses a range of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by cognitive decline and functional impairment. The identification of reliable biomarkers is essential for accurate diagnosis and gaining insights into the mechanisms underlying diseases.
5812,brain tumour,38803161,Proteomics of tumor and serum samples from isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype glioblastoma patients: is the detoxification of reactive oxygen species associated with shorter survival?,"Proteomics has been little used for the identification of novel prognostic and/or therapeutic markers in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma (GB). In this study, we analyzed 50 tumor and 30 serum samples from short- and long-term survivors of IDH-wildtype GB (STS and LTS, respectively) by data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS)-based proteomics, with the aim of identifying such markers. DIA-MS identified 5422 and 826 normalized proteins in tumor and serum samples, respectively, with only three tumor proteins and 26 serum proteins displaying significant differential expression between the STS and LTS groups. These dysregulated proteins were principally associated with the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In particular, GB patients in the STS group had high serum levels of malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1) and ribonuclease inhibitor 1 (RNH1) and low tumor levels of fatty acid-binding protein 7 (FABP7), which may have enabled them to maintain low ROS levels, counteracting the effects of the first-line treatment with radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide. A blood score built on the levels of MDH1 and RNH1 expression was found to be an independent prognostic factor for survival based on the serum proteome data for a cohort of 96 IDH-wildtype GB patients. This study highlights the utility of circulating MDH1 and RNH1 biomarkers for determining the prognosis of patients with IDH-wildtype GB. Furthermore, the pathways driven by these biomarkers, and the tumor FABP7 pathway, may constitute promising therapeutic targets for blocking ROS detoxification to overcome resistance to chemoradiotherapy in potential GB STS."
5813,brain tumour,38803048,USP25 Elevates SHLD2-Mediated DNA Double-Strand Break Repair and Regulates Chemoresponse in Cancer.,"DNA damage plays a significant role in the tumorigenesis and progression of the disease. Abnormal DNA repair affects the therapy and prognosis of cancer. In this study, it is demonstrated that the deubiquitinase USP25 promotes non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), which in turn contributes to chemoresistance in cancer. It is shown that USP25 deubiquitinates SHLD2 at the K64 site, which enhances its binding with REV7 and promotes NHEJ. Furthermore, USP25 deficiency impairs NHEJ-mediated DNA repair and reduces class switch recombination (CSR) in USP25-deficient mice. USP25 is overexpressed in a subset of colon cancers. Depletion of USP25 sensitizes colon cancer cells to IR, 5-Fu, and cisplatin. TRIM25 is also identified, an E3 ligase, as the enzyme responsible for degrading USP25. Downregulation of TRIM25 leads to an increase in USP25 levels, which in turn induces chemoresistance in colon cancer cells. Finally, a peptide that disrupts the USP25-SHLD2 interaction is successfully identified, impairing NHEJ and increasing sensitivity to chemotherapy in PDX model. Overall, these findings reveal USP25 as a critical effector of SHLD2 in regulating the NHEJ repair pathway and suggest its potential as a therapeutic target for cancer therapy."
5814,brain tumour,38803034,Dosimetric comparison of HyperArc and InCise MLC-based CyberKnife plans in treating single and multiple brain metastases.,"This study aimed to compare the dosimetric attributes of two multi-leaf collimator based techniques, HyperArc and Incise CyberKnife, in the treatment of brain metastases."
5815,brain tumour,38803001,SENP1-Mediated deSUMOylation Regulates the Tumor Remodeling of Glioma Stem Cells Under Hypoxic Stress.,
5816,brain tumour,38802883,7 Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging predicting IDH status and glioma grading.,"With the application of high-resolution 3D 7 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging (MRSI) in high-grade gliomas, we previously identified intratumoral metabolic heterogeneities. In this study, we evaluated the potential of 3D 7 T-MRSI for the preoperative noninvasive classification of glioma grade and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status. We demonstrated that IDH mutation and glioma grade are detectable by ultra-high field (UHF) MRI. This technique might potentially optimize the perioperative management of glioma patients."
5817,brain tumour,38802873,Malignant tumors in tuberous sclerosis complex: a case report and review of the literature.,"Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare, autosomal dominant genetic disease that arises from TSC1 or TSC2 genetic mutations. These genetic mutations can induce the development of benign tumors in any organ system with significant clinical implications in morbidity and mortality. In rare instances, patients with TSC can have malignant tumors, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET). It is considered a hereditary renal cancer syndrome despite the low incidence of RCC in TSC patients. TSC is typically diagnosed in prenatal and pediatric patients and frequently associated with neurocognitive disorders and seizures, which are often experienced early in life. However, penetrance and expressivity of TSC mutations are highly variable. Herein, we present a case report, with associated literature, to highlight that there exist undiagnosed adult patients with less penetrant features, whose clinical presentation may contain non-classical signs and symptoms, who have pathogenic TSC mutations."
5818,brain tumour,38802812,Multifunctional elastin-like polypeptide nanocarriers for efficient miRNA delivery in cancer therapy.,"The exogenous delivery of miRNA to mimic and restore miRNA-34a activity in various cancer models holds significant promise in cancer treatment. Nevertheless, its effectiveness is often impeded by challenges, including a short half-life, propensity for off-target accumulation, susceptibility to inactivation by blood-based enzymes, concerns regarding patient safety, and the substantial cost associated with scaling up. As a means of overcoming these barriers, we propose the development of miRNA-loaded Tat-A86 nanoparticles by virtue of Tat-A86's ability to shield the loaded agent from external environmental factors, reducing degradation and inactivation, while enhancing circulation time and targeted accumulation."
5819,brain tumour,38802734,Tumour growth rate predicts overall survival in patients with recurrent WHO grade 4 glioma.,Accurate prognostication may aid in the selection of patients who will benefit from surgery at recurrent WHO grade 4 glioma. This study aimed to evaluate the role of serial tumour volumetric measurements for prognostication at first tumour recurrence.
5820,brain tumour,38802706,Genetic mutation and immune infiltration in embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes.,Genetic mutations stand as pivotal factors leading to the occurrence of embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR). This study aims to identify improved treatment approaches by unraveling the genetic drivers and immune infiltration in ETMR.
5821,brain tumour,38802695,Comparing neuroendocrine recovery between surgical and conservative management in pituitary apoplexy patients: a propensity score-matched analysis.,"Pituitary apoplexy is a rare and potentially life-threatening clinical syndrome. Patients may present with severeneuro-ophthalmologic or endocrine symptoms. Current evidence is unclear whether conservative or surgicalmanagement leads to the best neuroendocrine outcomes. This study aimed to compare neuroendocrine outcomesbetween surgical and conservative treatments in a single center. Cases of patients with pituitary apoplexy whoreceived transsphenoidal surgery or conservative management in Songklanagarind Hospital between January 1,2005 and December 31, 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. A propensity score matching method was used toadjust bias from treatment selection (surgery or conservative treatment). Differences in visual field, visual acuity,cranial nerve, and endocrine outcomes between the surgical and conservative treatment groups were analyzedusing logistic regression analysis. This study included 127 patients, with 98 and 29 patients in the surgical and theconservative treatment group, respectively. The optimal matching method was used for propensity score matching.Compared to the conservative group, the surgically treated patients had a significantly higher rate of visual fieldrecovery (odds ratio (OR): 12.89, P = 0.007). However, there were no statistical differences in the recovery rate ofpreoperative visual acuity, cranial nerve, and endocrine deficits between the groups. Transsphenoidal surgery wasassociated with a higher rate of visual field recovery when compared to the conservative treatment for pituitaryapoplexy patients. Careful selection of appropriate treatment based on the patient's presentation andneuroendocrine status will result in the best outcomes while avoiding unnecessary surgical intervention."
5822,brain tumour,38802688,High prevalence of morphometric vertebral fractures opportunistically detected on thoracic radiograms in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma.,"Vertebral fractures (VFs), the hallmark of skeletal fragility, have been reported as an emerging complication in patients with pituitary diseases associated with hormonal excess and/or deficiency, independently from bone mineral density. Non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) is amongst the most frequent pituitary adenomas; however, skeletal health in this context has never been investigated. We aimed at assessing the prevalence and the determinants of morphometric VFs in patients with NFPA."
5823,brain tumour,38802619,Association between elevated preoperative red cell distribution width and mortality after brain tumor craniotomy.,"Red cell distribution width (RDW) has been recognized as a potential inflammatory biomarker, with elevated levels associated with adverse outcomes in various diseases. However, its role in predicting outcomes after brain tumor craniotomy remains unclear. We aimed to assess whether preoperative RDW influences mortality and postoperative complications in patients undergoing brain tumor craniotomy."
5824,brain tumour,38802444,Micropeptide AF127577.4-ORF hidden in a lncRNA diminishes glioblastoma cell proliferation via the modulation of ERK2/METTL3 interaction.,"Micropeptides hidden in long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been uncovered to program various cell-biological changes associated with malignant transformation-glioblastoma (GBM) cascade. Here, we identified and characterized a novel hidden micropeptide implicated in GBM. We screened potential candidate lncRNAs by establishing a workflow involving ribosome-bound lncRNAs, publicly available MS/MS data, and prognosis-related lncRNAs. Micropeptide expression was detected by western blot (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cell proliferation rate was assessed by calcein/PI staining and EdU assay. Proteins interacted with the micropeptide were analyzed by proteomics after co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). We discovered that lncRNA AF127577.4 indeed encoded an endogenous micropeptide, named AF127577.4-ORF. AF127577.4-ORF was associated with GBM clinical grade. In vitro, AF127577.4-ORF could suppress GBM cell proliferation. Moreover, AF127577.4-ORF reduced m6A methylation level of GBM cells. Mechanistically, AF127577.4-ORF diminished ERK2 interaction with m6A reader methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) and downregulated phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) level. The ERK inhibitor reduced p-ERK level and downregulated METTL3 protein expression. AF127577.4-ORF weakened the stability of METTL3 protein by ERK. Also, AF127577.4-ORF suppressed GBM cell proliferation via METTL3. Our study identifies a novel micropeptide AF127577.4-ORF hidden in a lncRNA, with a potent anti-proliferating function in GBM by diminishing METTL3 protein stability by reducing the ERK2/METTL3 interaction. This micropeptide may be beneficial for development of therapeutic strategies against GBM."
5825,brain tumour,38802386,Within-city spatial variations in PM,"Magnetite nanoparticles are small, strongly magnetic iron oxide particles which are produced during high-temperature combustion and friction processes and form part of the outdoor air pollution mixture. These particles can translocate to the brain and have been found in human brain tissue. In this study, we estimated associations between within-city spatial variations in concentrations of magnetite nanoparticles in outdoor fine particulate matter (PM"
5826,brain tumour,38802334,Glioblastoma disrupts cortical network activity at multiple spatial and temporal scales.,"The emergence of glioblastoma in cortical tissue initiates early and persistent neural hyperexcitability with signs ranging from mild cognitive impairment to convulsive seizures. The influence of peritumoral synaptic density, expansion dynamics, and spatial contours of excess glutamate upon higher order neuronal network modularity is unknown. We combined cellular and widefield imaging of calcium and glutamate fluorescent reporters in two glioblastoma mouse models with distinct synaptic microenvironments and infiltration profiles. Functional metrics of neural ensembles are dysregulated during tumor invasion depending on the stage of malignant progression and tumor cell proximity. Neural activity is differentially modulated during periods of accelerated and inhibited tumor expansion. Abnormal glutamate accumulation precedes and outpaces the spatial extent of baseline neuronal calcium signaling, indicating these processes are uncoupled in tumor cortex. Distinctive excitability homeostasis patterns and functional connectivity of local and remote neuronal populations support the promise of precision genetic diagnosis and management of this devastating brain disease."
5827,brain tumour,38801945,Stereotactic radiotherapy vs whole brain radiation therapy in EGFR mutated NSCLC: Results & reflections from the prematurely closed phase III HYBRID trial.,All known randomized trials of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) versus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for brain metastases (BMs) comprise mixed histologies. The phase III HYBRID trial (NCT02882984) attempted to evaluate the non-inferiority of SRT vs. WBRT specifically for EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (EGFRm NSCLC) BMs.
5828,brain tumour,38801839,Oral administration of liposome-encapsulated thymol could alleviate the inflammatory parameters in serum and hippocampus in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease.,"Neuroinflammation is closely related to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology, hence supplements with anti-inflammatory property could help attenuate the progression of AD. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of liposome encapsulated thymol (LET), administered orally, in prevention of Alzheimer in a rat model by anti-inflammatory mechanisms."
5829,brain tumour,38801682,Self-Supervised Image Denoising of Third Harmonic Generation Microscopic Images of Human Glioma Tissue by Transformer-Based Blind Spot (TBS) Network.,"Third harmonic generation (THG) microscopy shows great potential for instant pathology of brain tumor tissue during surgery. However, due to the maximal permitted exposure of laser intensity and inherent noise of the imaging system, the noise level of THG images is relatively high, which affects subsequent feature extraction analysis. Denoising THG images is challenging for modern deep-learning based methods because of the rich morphologies contained and the difficulty in obtaining the noise-free counterparts. To address this, in this work, we propose an unsupervised deep-learning network for denoising of THG images which combines a self-supervised blind spot method and a U-shape Transformer using a dynamic sparse attention mechanism. The experimental results on THG images of human glioma tissue show that our approach exhibits superior denoising performance qualitatively and quantitatively compared with previous methods. Our model achieves an improvement of 2.47-9.50 dB in SNR and 0.37-7.40 dB in CNR, compared to six recent state-of-the-art unsupervised learning models including Neighbor2Neighbor, Blind2Unblind, Self2Self+, ZS-N2N, Noise2Info and SDAP. To achieve an objective evaluation of our model, we also validate our model on public datasets including natural and microscopic images, and our model shows a better denoising performance than several recent unsupervised models such as Neighbor2Neighbor, Blind2Unblind and ZS-N2N. In addition, our model is nearly instant in denoising a THG image, which has the potential for real-time applications of THG microscopy."
5830,brain tumour,38801597,"Muscle function, exercise capacity, physical activity level and cardiovascular disease risk factor knowledge in patients with prolactinoma.","Prolactinoma can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis, dysrhythmia and heart failure. This study aimed to evaluate and compare muscle function, exercise capacity, physical activity (PA) level, CVD risk factor knowledge level, sleep quality, fatigue and quality of life between prolactinoma patients and healthy controls."
5831,brain tumour,38801490,Predictors and surgical outcome of hemorrhagic metastatic brain malignancies.,Intracerebral metastases present a substantial risk of tumor-associated intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study aimed to investigate the risk of hemorrhagic events in brain metastases (BM) from various primary tumor sites and evaluate the safety and outcomes of surgical tumor removal.
5832,brain tumour,38801446,Regorafenib in patients with pretreated advanced melanoma: a single-center case series.,"Melanoma patients failing all approved treatment options have a poor prognosis. The antimelanoma activity of regorafenib (REGO), a multitargeted kinase inhibitor, has not been investigated in this patient population. The objective response rate and safety of REGO treatment in advanced melanoma patients was investigated retrospectively. Twenty-seven patients received REGO treatment. All patients had progressed on anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) checkpoint inhibition and BRAF/MEK inhibitors (in case of a BRAF V600 mutation). REGO was administered in continuous dosing and combined (upfront or sequentially) with nivolumab ( n  = 5), trametinib ( n  = 8), binimetinib ( n  = 2), encorafenib ( n  = 1), dabrafenib/trametinib ( n  = 9), or encorafenib/binimetinib ( n  = 7). The best overall response was partial response (PR) in five patients (18.5%) and stable disease in three patients (11.1%). Three of seven (42.8%) BRAF  V600mut patients treated with REGO in combination with BRAF/MEK inhibitors obtained a PR (including regression of brain metastases in all three patients). In addition, PR was documented in a BRAF V600mut patient treated with REGO plus anti-PD-1, and a NRASQ61mut patient treated with REGO plus a MEK inhibitor. Common grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events included arterial hypertension ( n  = 7), elevated transaminase levels ( n  = 5), abdominal pain ( n  = 3), colitis ( n  = 2), anorexia ( n  = 1), diarrhea ( n  = 1), fever ( n  = 1), duodenal perforation ( n  = 1), and colonic bleeding ( n  = 1). Median progression-free survival was 11.0 weeks (95% confidence interval, 7.1-14.9); median overall survival was 23.1 weeks (95% confidence interval, 13.0-33.3). REGO has a manageable safety profile in advanced melanoma patients, in monotherapy as well as combined with BRAF/MEK inhibitors or PD-1 blocking monoclonal antibodies. The triplet combination of REGO with BRAF/MEK inhibitors appears most active, particularly in the BRAF V600mut patients."
5833,brain tumour,38801155,"Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 relieves inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy in hippocampus of western diet-fed rats by modulation of systemic inflammation.","The consumption of western diets, high in fats and sugars, is a crucial contributor to brain molecular alterations, cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, a mandatory challenge is the individuation of strategies capable of preventing diet-induced impairment of brain physiology. A promising strategy might consist in the administration of probiotics that are known to influence brain function via the gut-brain axis. In this study, we explored whether Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (L. reuteri)-based approach can counteract diet-induced neuroinflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and autophagy in hippocampus, an area involved in learning and memory, in rat fed a high fat and fructose diet. The western diet induced a microbiota reshaping, but L. reuteri neither modulated this change, nor the plasma levels of short-chain fatty acids. Interestingly, pro-inflammatory signaling pathway activation (increased NFkB phosphorylation, raised amounts of toll-like receptor-4, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, GFAP, and Haptoglobin), as well as activation of ERS (increased PERK and eif2α phosphorylation, higher C/EBP-homologous protein amounts) and autophagy (increased beclin, P62-sequestosome-1, and LC3 II) was revealed in hippocampus of western diet fed rats. All these hippocampal alterations were prevented by L. reuteri administration, showing for the first time a neuroprotective role of this specific probiotic strain, mainly attributable to its ability to regulate western diet-induced metabolic endotoxemia and systemic inflammation, as decreased levels of lipopolysaccharide, plasma cytokines, and adipokines were also found. Therapeutic strategies based on the use of L. reuteri DSM17938 could be beneficial in reversing metabolic syndrome-mediated brain dysfunction and cognitive decline."
5834,brain tumour,38801095,"Related mechanisms, current treatments, and new perspectives in meningioma.","Meningiomas are non-glial tumors that are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. Although meningioma can possibly be cured with surgical excision, variations in atypical/anaplastic meningioma have a high recurrence rate and a poor prognosis. As a result, it is critical to develop novel therapeutic options for high-grade meningiomas. This review highlights the current histology of meningiomas, prevalent genetic and molecular changes, and the most extensively researched signaling pathways and therapies in meningiomas. It also reviews current clinical studies and novel meningioma treatments, including immunotherapy, microRNAs, cancer stem cell methods, and targeted interventions within the glycolysis pathway. Through the examination of the complex landscape of meningioma biology and the highlighting of promising therapeutic pathways, this review opens the way for future research efforts aimed at improving patient outcomes in this prevalent intracranial tumor entity."
5835,brain tumour,38801074,DTDO: Driving Training Development Optimization enabled deep learning approach for brain tumour classification using MRI.,"A brain tumour is an abnormal mass of tissue. Brain tumours vary in size, from tiny to large. Moreover, they display variations in location, shape, and size, which add complexity to their detection. The accurate delineation of tumour regions poses a challenge due to their irregular boundaries. In this research, these issues are overcome by introducing the DTDO-ZFNet for detection of brain tumour. The input Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) image is fed to the pre-processing stage. Tumour areas are segmented by utilizing SegNet in which the factors of SegNet are biased using DTDO. The image augmentation is carried out using eminent techniques, such as geometric transformation and colour space transformation. Here, features such as GIST descriptor, PCA-NGIST, statistical feature and Haralick features, SLBT feature, and CNN features are extricated. Finally, the categorization of the tumour is accomplished based on ZFNet, which is trained by utilizing DTDO. The devised DTDO is a consolidation of DTBO and CDDO. The comparison of proposed DTDO-ZFNet with the existing methods, which results in highest accuracy of 0.944, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.936, a true positive rate (TPR) of 0.939, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.937, and a minimal false-negative rate (FNR) of 0.061%."
5836,brain tumour,38800697,Limited capability of MRI radiomics to predict primary tumor histology of brain metastases in external validation.,"Growing research demonstrates the ability to predict histology or genetic information of various malignancies using radiomic features extracted from imaging data. This study aimed to investigate MRI-based radiomics in predicting the primary tumor of brain metastases through internal and external validation, using oversampling techniques to address the class imbalance."
5837,brain tumour,38800597,Role of Inflammation in the Development of COVID-19 to Parkinson's Disease.,"The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to neurological symptoms such as headaches, confusion, seizures, hearing loss, and loss of smell. The link between COVID-19 and Parkinson's disease (PD) is being investigated, but more research is needed for a definitive connection."
5838,brain tumour,38800451,Scalp Metastasis After Breast Cancer Surgery: A Case Report.,"Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors affecting women worldwide. Breast cancer is a complex disease characterized by abnormal growth of cells in the breast tissue. Metastasis, the spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor site to distant organs, is a major challenge in the management of breast cancer. Although metastasis to distant sites is a well-known feature of breast cancer, scalp involvement is relatively rare. The occurrence of scalp metastasis signifies an advanced stage of the disease. The 51-year-old female discovered a firm, painless mass in her right breast that had been there for two years. It had been pricking for a month, and the biopsy revealed that the mass was invasive carcinoma of the right breast. Imaging tests suggested that the tumor was malignant. Adjuvant endocrine therapy and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy were administered following a modified radical resection for breast cancer. Eleven months later, radiation treatment and replace endocrine therapy was used. 32 months following surgery, a scalp tumor was discovered; a pathology biopsy verified the origin of the breast cancer; three months later, bone, brain, and visceral metastases were discovered. After that, she received oral capecitabine treatment and was admitted into the hospital for advanced rescue treatment. She is currently in the disease stability state, her disease is effectively managed, and no new metastatic lesions have been discovered."
5839,brain tumour,38800411,Activated interferon response from DNA damage in multiple myeloma cells contributes to the chemotherapeutic effects of anthracyclines.,"Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disease caused by abnormal proliferation of clonal plasma cells in bone marrow. Upfront identification of tumor subgroups with specific biological markers has the potential to improve biologically-driven therapy. Previously, we established a molecular classification by stratifying multiple myeloma into two subtypes with a different prognosis based on a gene module co-expressed with MCL-1 (MCL1-M)."
5840,brain tumour,38800207,A Rare Case of a Primary Cutaneous Collision Tumor Comprising Malignant Melanoma and Rhabdomyosarcoma.,"This case reports a 35-year-old man who presented with a painful erythematous nodule on his right posterior calf. He first noticed this nodule several years ago and it often bled upon contact with clothing. An excisional biopsy of the skin lesion revealed two distinct populations of cells. One population of epithelioid cells stained positive for Mart-1, HMB45, and SOX-10, confirming the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. The second population of cells stained positive for desmin and calponin, confirming the diagnosis of sarcoma with muscular differentiation. Subsequently, these unusual findings led to the diagnosis of a collision tumor comprising malignant melanoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Follow-up PET/CT and brain MRI revealed no metastasis from the primary skin lesion. This case highlights a rare combination of cell types found within a collision tumor in addition to providing details on how to diagnose this skin lesion."
5841,brain tumour,38800123,Cerebrospinal fluid soluble insulin receptor levels in Alzheimer's disease.,Brain insulin resistance and deficiency is a consistent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insulin resistance can be mediated by the surface expression of the insulin receptor (IR). Cleavage of the IR generates the soluble IR (sIR).
5842,brain tumour,38799637,The inhibitory effect of adenosine on tumor adaptive immunity and intervention strategies.,"Adenosine (Ado) is significantly elevated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) compared to normal tissues. It binds to adenosine receptors (AdoRs), suppressing tumor antigen presentation and immune cell activation, thereby inhibiting tumor adaptive immunity. Ado downregulates major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) and co-stimulatory factors on dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, inhibiting antigen presentation. It suppresses anti-tumor cytokine secretion and T cell activation by disrupting T cell receptor (TCR) binding and signal transduction. Ado also inhibits chemokine secretion and KCa3.1 channel activity, impeding effector T cell trafficking and infiltration into the tumor site. Furthermore, Ado diminishes T cell cytotoxicity against tumor cells by promoting immune-suppressive cytokine secretion, upregulating immune checkpoint proteins, and enhancing immune-suppressive cell activity. Reducing Ado production in the TME can significantly enhance anti-tumor immune responses and improve the efficacy of other immunotherapies. Preclinical and clinical development of inhibitors targeting Ado generation or AdoRs is underway. Therefore, this article will summarize and analyze the inhibitory effects and molecular mechanisms of Ado on tumor adaptive immunity, as well as provide an overview of the latest advancements in targeting Ado pathways in anti-tumor immune responses."
5843,brain tumour,38799383,Giant Clinically Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenoma Presenting as New Onset Generalized Tonic‒Clonic Seizures: A Case Report.,"Giant Clinically Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenomas (GCNFPA) are pituitary neuroendocrine tumours spanning beyond 4 cm in diameter without clinically apparent secretory function. They elicit insidious growth pertaining to its asymptomatic nature and present at large sizes from mass effect. Certain clinical features such as headache and visual disturbances are common presentations of GCNFPAs owing to their size, while others such as seizures are extremely rare."
5844,brain tumour,38799142,Reactive oxygen species induced by indomethacin enhance accumulation of heme carrier protein 1 and hematoporphyrin accumulation ,"Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is useful for various cancers such as high-grade glioma and cancers of other organs. However, the mechanism of tumor-specific accumulation of porphyrin is not clear. The authors previously reported that heme carrier protein 1 (HCP1) contributes to the transport of porphyrins; specifically, we showed that the production of cancer-specific reactive oxygen species from mitochondria (mitROS) leads in turn to enhanced HCP1 expression. Indomethacin (IND), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, increases ROS production by affecting mitochondrial electron transfer system. In the present work, the authors investigated the effect of pretreatment with IND on cancer-specific porphyrin accumulation, using both a glioma cell line and a rat brain tumor model. This work demonstrated that exposure of a rat glioma cell to IND results in increased generation of cancer-specific mitROS and accumulation of HCP1 expression and porphyrin concentration. Additionally, systemic dosing of a brain tumor animal model with IND resulted in elevated cellular accumulation of porphyrin in tumor cell. This is an effect not seen with normal brain tissue. Thus, the administration of IND increases intracellular porphyrin concentrations in tumor cell without exerting harmful effects on normal brain tissue, and increased porphyrin concentration in tumor cell may lead to improved PDT effect."
5845,brain tumour,38798657,Correlative multiscale 3D imaging of mouse primary and metastatic tumors by sequential light sheet and confocal fluorescence microscopy.,"Three-dimensional (3D) optical microscopy, combined with advanced tissue clearing, permits "
5846,brain tumour,38798647,Radiation-Induced Cellular Plasticity: A Strategy for Combatting Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma is the deadliest brain cancer in adults and almost all patients succumb to the tumor. While surgery followed by chemo-radiotherapy significantly delays disease progression, these treatments do not lead to long-term tumor control and targeted therapies or biologics have so far failed to further improve survival. Utilizing a transient radiation-induced state of multipotency we used the adenylcyclase activator forskolin to alter the cellular fate of glioma cells in response to radiation. The combined treatment induced the expression of neuronal markers in glioma cells, reduced proliferation and led to a distinct gene expression profile. scRNAseq revealed that the combined treatment forced glioma cells into a microglia- and neuron-like phenotypes. "
5847,brain tumour,38798600,A Novel Predictive Model Utilizing Retinal Microstructural Features for Estimating Survival Outcome in Patients with Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis despite surgery and chemoradiation. The visual sequelae of glioblastoma have not been well characterized. This study assessed visual outcomes in glioblastoma patients through neuro-ophthalmic exams, imaging of the retinal microstructures/microvasculature, and perimetry. A total of 19 patients (9 male, 10 female, average age at diagnosis 69 years) were enrolled. Best-corrected visual acuity ranged from 20/20-20/50. Occipital tumors showed worse visual fields than frontal tumors (mean deviation - 14.9 and - 0.23, respectively, p < 0.0001). Those with overall survival (OS) < 15 months demonstrated thinner retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell complex (p < 0.0001) and enlarged foveal avascular zone starting from 4 months post-diagnosis (p = 0.006). There was no significant difference between eyes ipsilateral and contralateral to radiation fields (average doses were 1370 cGy and 1180 cGy, respectively, p = 0.42). A machine learning algorithm using retinal microstructure and visual fields predicted patients with long (≥ 15 months) progression free and overall survival with 78% accuracy. Glioblastoma patients frequently present with visual field defects despite normal visual acuity. Patients with poor survival duration demonstrated significant retinal thinning and decreased microvascular density. A machine learning algorithm predicted survival; further validation is warranted."
5848,brain tumour,38798534,Atopy improves survival and decreases risk of brain metastasis in cutaneous melanoma.,"Development of new therapies in melanoma has increased survival, and as a result more patients are living to develop brain metastasis (BrM). Identifying patients at increased risk of BrM is therefore of significant public health importance."
5849,brain tumour,38798357,KBTBD4 Cancer Hotspot Mutations Drive Neomorphic Degradation of HDAC1/2 Corepressor Complexes.,Cancer mutations can create neomorphic protein-protein interactions to drive aberrant function 
5850,brain tumour,38798351,Melanoma antigens in pediatric medulloblastoma contribute to tumor heterogeneity and species-specificity of group 3 tumors.,"Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most malignant childhood brain cancer. Group 3 MB subtype accounts for about 25% of MB diagnoses and is associated with the most unfavorable outcomes. Herein, we report that more than half of group 3 MB tumors express melanoma antigens (MAGEs), which are potential prognostic and therapeutic markers. MAGEs are tumor antigens, expressed in several types of adult cancers and associated with poorer prognosis and therapy resistance; however, their expression in pediatric cancers is mostly unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether "
5851,brain tumour,38798256,"Demethylation of TIMP2 and TIMP3 Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Pituitary Adenomas.",Tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (
5852,brain tumour,38798250,Low-Dose Radiation Therapy for Neurological Disorders: A Double-Edged Sword.,"Radiation therapy targeting the central nervous system is widely utilized for the management of various brain tumors, significantly prolonging patient survival. Presently, investigations are assessing both clinical and preclinical applications of low-dose radiation (LDR) for the treatment of neuropathological conditions beyond tumor therapy. Special focus is given to refractory neurodegenerative diseases linked to neuroinflammation, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, where LDR has shown promising results. This comprehensive review examines the existing experimental data regarding the utilization of LDR in neurological disorders. It covers potential advantages in reducing neurodegenerative alterations and inflammation, as well as possible adverse effects, including neurological impairments. The review underscores the importance of the exposure protocol and the age at which LDR is administered in the context of the nervous system's pathological and physiological states, as these elements are crucial in determining LDR's therapeutic and toxic outcomes. The article concludes with a discussion on the future directions and challenges in optimizing LDR use, aiming to reduce toxicity while effectively managing neurological disorders."
5853,brain tumour,38798200,Comparative analysis of intraoperative and imaging features of invasive growth in pituitary adenomas.,"Most pituitary adenomas (PAs), also termed pituitary neuroendocrine tumors, are benign in nature and can be treated effectively by surgical resection, medical treatment, and in special cases by radiotherapy. However, invasive growth can be an important feature of a more aggressive behavior and adverse prognosis. The extension of PAs into the cavernous sinus can be categorized according to the Knosp criteria on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Comparative analyses of MRI features and intraoperative findings of invasive growth regarding different clinical factors are still scarce."
5854,brain tumour,38798137,Primary brain lymphoma and glioblastoma: evaluation of DCE T1 and DSC T2 MRI perfusion findings.,The accurate differentiation of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is clinically crucial due to the different treatment strategies between them.
5855,brain tumour,38798094,A radiomics-based nomogram may be useful for predicting telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutation status in adult glioblastoma.,"As a crucial diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation holds immense significance for personalized treatment of patients with glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we developed a radiomics nomogram to determine the TERT promoter mutation status and assessed its prognostic efficacy in GBM patients."
5856,brain tumour,38797934,Immunotherapy for Solitary Fibrous Tumor (Hemangiopericytoma): A Unique Treatment Approach for a Rare Central Nervous System Tumor.,Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) of the central nervous system represent a unique entity with limited data on best treatment practices.
5857,brain tumour,38797928,"A Case of Long-Term Survival After Glioblastoma, IDH-Wild Type.","Glioblastoma is a uniformly lethal primary central nervous system neoplasm. Despite the increased understanding of its pathophysiology and treatment advancements, median overall survival for patients with glioblastoma, IDH-wild type remains 14 to 21 months from diagnosis."
5858,brain tumour,38797699,Arsenic Trioxide Induces Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptor Beta and Blocks the WNT Pathway to Inhibit Stemness in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant primary brain tumor and an essential contributor to morbidity and mortality globally. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) exerts specific roles in preventing tumor growth. This study investigated the role of ATO in GBM cell behaviors and stemness. The effects of ATO on the malignant behavior of GBM cells, tumor stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) factors in mouse tumor tissues were explored. Targets of ATO in GBM were predicted using multiple databases. Subsequently, the expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor beta (RORB), WNT-1, β-Catenin, and c-Myc expression were examined in GBM cells before and after ATO treatment.ATO inhibited the malignant behavior of GBM cells in vitro and slowed down the GBM growth in vivo by inhibiting the stemness. The inhibitory effect of ATO on GBM was achieved by promoting RORB levels and strengthening the antagonism to β-Catenin to inhibit Wnt signaling, thus inhibiting tumor growth. Collectively, ATO induced RORB levels in GBM cells and strengthened the antagonistic effect on β-Catenin, thus inhibiting WNT signaling and tumor growth."
5859,brain tumour,38797683,In Vivo and Post-mortem Comparisons of IVIM/Time-dependent Diffusion MR Imaging Parameters in Melanoma and Breast Cancer Xenograft Models.,We aimed to investigate the changes in intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and diffusion parameters between in vivo and post-mortem conditions and the time dependency of these parameters using two different mouse tumor models with different vessel lumen sizes.
5860,brain tumour,38797679,PKM2 promotes glioma progression by mediating CTNNB1 expression.,"Glioma is a common intracranial tumor, exhibiting a high degree of aggressiveness and invasiveness. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is overexpressed in glioma tissues. However, the biological role of PKM2 in glioma is unclear."
5861,brain tumour,38796971,Reprogramming of astrocytes and glioma cells into neurons for central nervous system repair and glioblastoma therapy.,"Central nervous system (CNS) damage is usually irreversible owing to the limited regenerative capability of neurons. Following CNS injury, astrocytes are reactively activated and are the key cells involved in post-injury repair mechanisms. Consequently, research on the reprogramming of reactive astrocytes into neurons could provide new directions for the restoration of neural function after CNS injury and in the promotion of recovery in various neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the means through which reactive astrocytes around lesions can be reprogrammed into neurons, to elucidate the intrinsic connection between the two cell types from a neurogenesis perspective, and to summarize what is known about the neurotranscription factors, small-molecule compounds and MicroRNA that play major roles in astrocyte reprogramming. As the malignant proliferation of astrocytes promotes the development of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), this review also examines the research advances on and the theoretical basis for the reprogramming of GBM cells into neurons and discusses the advantages of such approaches over traditional treatment modalities. This comprehensive review provides new insights into the field of GBM therapy and theoretical insights into the mechanisms of neurological recovery following neurological injury and in GBM treatment."
5862,brain tumour,38796964,"Anesthesia/surgery activate MMP9 leading to blood-brain barrier disruption, triggering neuroinflammation and POD-like behavior in aged mice.","Anesthesia and surgery activate matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), leading to blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and postoperative delirium (POD)-like behavior, especially in the elderly. Aged mice received intraperitoneal injections of either the MMP9 inhibitor SB-3CT, melatonin, or solvent, and underwent laparotomy under 3 % sevoflurane anesthesia(anesthesia/surgery). Behavioral tests were performed 24 h pre- and post-operatively. Serum and cortical tissue levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured using ELISA. Levels of PDGFRβ, MMP9, tight junction, Mfsd2a, caveolin-1, synaptophysin, and postsynaptic densin (PSD)-95 proteins in the prefrontal cortex were assayed using Western blotting. BBB permeability was assessed by detecting IgG in the prefrontal cortex and serum S100β levels. Anesthesia/surgery-induced peripheral inflammation activated MMP9, which in turn injured pericytes and tight junctions and increased transcytosis, thereby disrupting the BBB. Impaired BBB allowed the migration of peripheral inflammation into the central nervous system (CNS), thereby inducing neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and POD-like behaviors. However, MMP9 inhibition reduced pericyte and tight junction injury and transcytosis, thereby preserving BBB function and preventing the migration of peripheral inflammation into the CNS, thus attenuating synaptic dysfunction and POD-like behavior. In addition, to further validate the above findings, we showed that melatonin exerted similar effects through inhibition of MMP9. The present study shows that after anesthesia/surgery, inflammatory cytokines upregulation is involved in regulating BBB permeability in aged mice through activation of MMP9, suggesting that MMP9 may be a potential target for the prevention of POD."
5863,brain tumour,38796932,B7-H4 reduces the infiltration of CD8+T cells and induces their anti-tumor dysfunction in gliomas.,"B7-H4 is a promising immune checkpoint molecule in tumor immunotherapy. Our previous study showed that high B7-H4 expression was strongly correlated with deficiency in tumor infiltrated lymphocytes (TILs) in glioma patients. On this basis, we investigated the impact of B7-H4 on CD8+TILs in gliomas and the associated molecular mechanism here. B7-H4-positive tumor samples (n=129) from our glioma cohort were used to assess B7-H4 expression and CD8+TIL quantification by immunohistochemistry. CD8+TILs from five glioma patients cultured with B7-H4 protein were used to evaluate anti-tumor dysfunction by flow cytometry and ELISpot. An orthotopic murine glioma model was used to investigate the role of B7-H4 in glioma CD8+TILs by immunohisto- chemistry and flow cytometry. CD8+TILs from glioma patients cultured with B7-H4 protein were used to explore the potential molecular mechanism by RNA sequencing and western blot. Our results showed that glioma CD8+TIL density was negatively correlated with B7-H4 expression both in glioma patient cohort (P < 0.05) and orthotopic glioma murine model (P < 0.01). B7-H4 also lowered the expression of CD137 and CD103 (P < 0.05 for both) in glioma CD8+TILs and reduced their secretion of the anti-tumor cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α (P < 0.01 for both) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, B7-H4 was found to induce early dysfunction of glioma CD8+TILs by downregulating the phosphorylation of AKT and eNOS (P < 0.05 for both). In conclusion, B7-H4 reduced the infiltration of glioma CD8+TILs and induced an anti-tumor dysfunction phenotype. B7-H4 may also impair the anti-tumor function of glioma CD8+TILs via the AKT-eNOS pathway. These results indicated that B7-H4 may serve as a potential target in future glioma immunotherapy."
5864,brain tumour,38796758,[Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas: clinical features and results of treatment in 45 patients].,"Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas (TSH-PA) are a rare cause of thyrotoxicosis and account for 0.5-2% of all pituitary adenomas. Taking into account the rarity of the disease, it is extremely important to analyze each case of TSH-PA."
5865,brain tumour,38796756,[Acromegaly screening in patients with hyperprolactinemia and pituitary adenoma].,"Hyperprolactinemia accompanies growth hormone hypersecretion in approximately 25-39% of cases. There is a recommendation to determine the level of prolactin in clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly. However, there is no understanding of the necessity to investigate the IGF-1 level in patients with hyperprolactinemia and a pituitary adenoma."
5866,brain tumour,38796716,Ginsenoside Rg3 attenuates neuroinflammation and hippocampal neuronal damage after traumatic brain injury in mice by inactivating the NF-kB pathway via SIRT1 activation.,"This investigation examined the potential of ginsenoside Rg3 in addressing traumatic brain injury (TBI). A TBI mouse model underwent treatment with ginsenoside Rg3 and nicotinamide (NAM). Neurological and motor functions were assessed using modified neurological severity score and rotarod tests. Brain water content in mice was detected. Primary mouse microglia were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), ginsenoside Rg3, and NAM. Nissl and immunofluorescence staining were utilized to investigate hippocampal damage, and localization of P65, Iba1 and INOS in microglia. Hippocampal neurons were grown in a culture medium derived from microglia. CCK-8 and TUNEL assays were employed to evaluate the viability and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. Proinflammatory factors and proteins were tested using ELISA, western blot and immunofluorescence staining. As a result, ginsenoside Rg3 enhanced neurological and motor functions in mice post-TBI, reduced brain water content, alleviated hippocampal neuronal neuroinflammation and damage, activated SIRT1, and deactivated the NF-kB pathway. In LPS-stimulated microglia, ginsenoside Rg3 diminished inflammation, activated SIRT1, deactivated the NF-kB pathway, and facilitated nuclear localization of P65 and co-localization of Iba1 and INOS. The effects of ginsenoside Rg3 were countered by NAM in both TBI mice and LPS-stimulated microglia. Hippocampal neurons cultured in a medium containing LPS, ginsenoside Rg3, and NAM-treated microglia showed improved viability and reduced apoptosis compared to those cultured in a medium with LPS and ginsenoside Rg3-treated microglia alone. Ginsenoside Rg3 was effective in reducing neuroinflammation and damage in hippocampal neurons following TBI by modulating the SIRT1/NF-kB pathway, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for TBI."
5867,brain tumour,38796684,Genetic profiles of oligometastatic non-small-cell lung cancer and corresponding brain metastases.,"In patients with oligometastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), systemic therapy in combination with local ablative treatment of the primary tumour and all metastatic sites is associated with improved prognosis. For patient selection and treatment allocation, further knowledge about the molecular characteristics of the oligometastatic state is necessary. Here, we performed a genetic characterization of primary NSCLC and corresponding brain metastases (BM)."
5868,brain tumour,38796617,Investigating the biochemical response of proton minibeam radiation therapy by means of synchrotron-based infrared microspectroscopy.,"The biology underlying proton minibeam radiation therapy (pMBRT) is not fully understood. Here we aim to elucidate the biological effects of pMBRT using Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy (FTIRM). In vitro (CTX-TNA2 astrocytes and F98 glioma rat cell lines) and in vivo (healthy and F98-bearing Fischer rats) irradiations were conducted, with conventional proton radiotherapy and pMBRT. FTIRM measurements were performed at ALBA Synchrotron, and multivariate data analysis methods were employed to assess spectral differences between irradiation configurations and doses. For astrocytes, the spectral regions related to proteins and nucleic acids were highly affected by conventional irradiations and the high-dose regions of pMBRT, suggesting important modifications on these biomolecules. For glioma, pMBRT had a great effect on the nucleic acids and carbohydrates. In animals, conventional radiotherapy had a remarkable impact on the proteins and nucleic acids of healthy rats; analysis of tumour regions in glioma-bearing rats suggested major nucleic acid modifications due to pMBRT."
5869,brain tumour,38796599,Death receptors 4/5 mediate tumour sensitivity to natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity in mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer.,Identifying the target of natural killer (NK) cells in colorectal cancer (CRC) is critical for optimising the clinical use of NK cell-mediated immunotherapy. Mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) is associated with high immune cell infiltration and MHC Class I defects. Whether dMMR CRC responses to NK cell therapy remains unclear.
5870,brain tumour,38796566,Oxytocin attenuates hypothalamic injury-induced cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting hippocampal ERK signaling and Aβ deposition.,"In clinical settings, tumor compression, trauma, surgical injury, and other types of injury can cause hypothalamic damage, resulting in various types of hypothalamic dysfunction. Impaired release of oxytocin can lead to cognitive impairment and affect prognosis and long-term quality of life after hypothalamic injury. Hypothalamic injury-induced cognitive dysfunction was detected in male animals. Behavioral parameters were measured to assess the characteristics of cognitive dysfunction induced by hypothalamic-pituitary stalk lesions. Brains were collected for high-throughput RNA sequencing and immunostaining to identify pathophysiological changes in hippocampal regions highly associated with cognitive function after injury to corresponding hypothalamic areas. Through transcriptomic analysis, we confirmed the loss of oxytocin neurons after hypothalamic injury and the reversal of hypothalamic-induced cognitive dysfunction after oxytocin supplementation. Furthermore, overactivation of the ERK signaling pathway and β-amyloid deposition in the hippocampal region after hypothalamic injury were observed, and cognitive function was restored after inhibition of ERK signaling pathway overactivation. Our findings suggest that cognitive dysfunction after hypothalamic injury may be caused by ERK hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampal region resulting from a decrease in the number of oxytocin neurons, which in turn causes β-amyloid deposition."
5871,brain tumour,38796531,An effective ensemble learning approach for classification of glioma grades based on novel MRI features.,"The preoperative diagnosis of brain tumors is important for therapeutic planning as it contributes to the tumors' prognosis. In the last few years, the development in the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning has contributed greatly to the medical area, especially the diagnosis of the grades of brain tumors through radiological images and magnetic resonance images. Due to the complexity of tumor descriptors in medical images, assessing the accurate grade of glioma is a major challenge for physicians. We have proposed a new classification system for glioma grading by integrating novel MRI features with an ensemble learning method, called Ensemble Learning based on Adaptive Power Mean Combiner (EL-APMC). We evaluate and compare the performance of the EL-APMC algorithm with twenty-one classifier models that represent state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms. Results show that the EL-APMC algorithm achieved the best performance in terms of classification accuracy (88.73%) and F1-score (93.12%) over the MRI Brain Tumor dataset called BRATS2015. In addition, we showed that the differences in classification results among twenty-two classifier models have statistical significance. We believe that the EL-APMC algorithm is an effective method for the classification in case of small-size datasets, which are common cases in medical fields. The proposed method provides an effective system for the classification of glioma with high reliability and accurate clinical findings."
5872,brain tumour,38796495,Quantifying gadolinium-based nanoparticle uptake distributions in brain metastases via magnetic resonance imaging.,"AGuIX, a novel gadolinium-based nanoparticle, has been deployed in a pioneering double-blinded Phase II clinical trial aiming to assess its efficacy in enhancing radiotherapy for tumor treatment. This paper moves towards this goal by analyzing AGuIX uptake patterns in 23 patients. A phantom was designed to establish the relationship between AGuIX concentration and longitudinal ( "
5873,brain tumour,38796421,Evaluation of the rapid Idylla IDH1-2 mutation assay in FFPE glioma samples.,"IDH1 and IDH2 mutational status is a critical biomarker with diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment implications in glioma. Although IDH1 p.R132H-specific immunohistochemistry is available, it is unable to identify other mutations in IDH1/2. Next-generation sequencing can accurately determine IDH1/2 mutational status but suffers from long turnaround time when urgent treatment planning and initiation is medically necessary. The Idylla assay can detect IDH1/2 mutational status from unstained formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) slides in as little as a few hours. In a clinical validation, we demonstrate clinical accuracy of 97% compared to next-generation sequencing. Sensitivity studies demonstrated a limit of detection of 2.5-5% variant allele frequency, even at DNA inputs below the manufacturer's recommended threshold. Overall, the assay is an effective and accurate method for rapid determination of IDH1/2 mutational status."
5874,brain tumour,38796287,Trastuzumab deruxtecan versus trastuzumab emtansine in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients with brain metastases from the randomized DESTINY-Breast03 trial.,"DESTINY-Breast03 is a randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase III study of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) versus trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (mBC) previously treated with trastuzumab and a taxane. A statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) versus T-DM1 was reported in the primary analysis. Here, we report exploratory efficacy data in patients with and without brain metastases (BMs) at baseline."
5875,brain tumour,38796286,Antibody-drug conjugates are active in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases: where do we go from here?,No abstract found
5876,brain tumour,38796149,Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Raman Spectroscopy and Machine-Learning-Based Identification of Glioma Tissue.,"Intraoperative Raman spectroscopy (RS) has been identified as a potential tool for surgeons to rapidly and noninvasively differentiate between diseased and normal tissue. Since the previous meta-analysis on the subject was published in 2016, improvements in both spectroscopy equipment and machine learning models used to process spectra may have led to an increase in RS efficacy. Therefore, we decided to conduct a meta-analysis to determine the efficacy of RS when differentiating between glioma tissue and normal brain tissue. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed while conducting this meta-analysis. A search was conducted on PubMed and Web of Science for prospective and retrospective studies published between 2016 and 2022 using intraoperative RS and standard histology methods to differentiate between glioma and normal brain tissue. Meta-analyses of log odds ratios, sensitivity, and specificity were conducted in JASP using the random-effects model with restricted maximum likelihood estimation. A total of 9 studies met our inclusion criteria, comprising 673 patients and 8319 Raman spectra. Meta-analysis of log diagnostic odds ratios revealed high heterogeneity (I"
5877,brain tumour,38796109,Not everything is ischemic optic neuropathy.,"A 71-year-old woman developed sudden, painful, decreased vision in the left eye accompanied by progressive instability. Initial examination revealed left optic disc edema, and macular optical coherence tomography confirmed the presence of intraretinal and subretinal fluid, as well as hyperreflective material under the retinal pigment epithelium. Subsequent investigations, including brain magnetic resonance imaging and a comprehensive serological analysis, ruled out infectious and autoimmune causes, further complicating the diagnostic picture. The patient's vision in both eyes continued to deteriorate, prompting empirical corticosteroid treatment. While the vision improved, the case took an unexpected turn with worsening neurological symptoms. Ultimately a brain biopsy was consistent with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma."
5878,brain tumour,38795978,Peaglet: A user-friendly probabilistic Kernel density estimation of intracranial cortical and subcortical stimulation sites.,"Data on human brain function obtained with direct electrical stimulation (DES) in neurosurgical patients have been recently integrated and combined with modern neuroimaging techniques, allowing a connectome-based approach fed by intraoperative DES data. Within this framework is crucial to develop reliable methods for spatial localization of DES-derived information to be integrated within the neuroimaging workflow."
5879,brain tumour,38795845,Comparison between sub-chronic and chronic sleep deprivation-induced behavioral and neuroimmunological abnormalities in mice: Focusing on glial cell phenotype polarization.,"Sleep disorders, depression, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are extensively reported as comorbidity. Although neuroinflammation triggered by microglial phenotype M1 activation, leading to neurotransmitter dysfunction and Aβ aggregation, is considered as the leading cause of depression and AD, whether and how sub-chronic or chronic sleep deprivation (SD) contribute to the onset and development of these diseases remains unclear."
5880,brain tumour,38795690,Deep learning ensembles for detecting brain metastases in longitudinal multi-modal MRI studies.,"Metastatic brain cancer is a condition characterized by the migration of cancer cells to the brain from extracranial sites. Notably, metastatic brain tumors surpass primary brain tumors in prevalence by a significant factor, they exhibit an aggressive growth potential and have the capacity to spread across diverse cerebral locations simultaneously. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of individuals afflicted with metastatic brain tumors unveil a wide spectrum of characteristics. These lesions vary in size and quantity, spanning from tiny nodules to substantial masses captured within MRI. Patients may present with a limited number of lesions or an extensive burden of hundreds of them. Moreover, longitudinal studies may depict surgical resection cavities, as well as areas of necrosis or edema. Thus, the manual analysis of such MRI scans is difficult, user-dependent and cost-inefficient, and - importantly - it lacks reproducibility. We address these challenges and propose a pipeline for detecting and analyzing brain metastases in longitudinal studies, which benefits from an ensemble of various deep learning architectures originally designed for different downstream tasks (detection and segmentation). The experiments, performed over 275 multi-modal MRI scans of 87 patients acquired in 53 sites, coupled with rigorously validated manual annotations, revealed that our pipeline, built upon open-source tools to ensure its reproducibility, offers high-quality detection, and allows for precisely tracking the disease progression. To objectively quantify the generalizability of models, we introduce a new data stratification approach that accommodates the heterogeneity of the dataset and is used to elaborate training-test splits in a data-robust manner, alongside a new set of quality metrics to objectively assess algorithms. Our system provides a fully automatic and quantitative approach that may support physicians in a laborious process of disease progression tracking and evaluation of treatment efficacy."
5881,brain tumour,38795459,"Clinical treatment patterns, molecular characteristics and survival outcomes of ROS1-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer: A large multicenter retrospective study.",Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring ROS1 rearrangements is a molecular subset that exhibits favorable responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment than chemotherapy. This study investigated real-world treatment patterns and survival outcomes among patients with ROS1-rearranged advanced NSCLC.
5882,brain tumour,38795450,"Evaluation of the understandability, actionability and reliability of YouTube videos for brain, head, and neck cancer information.","Online videos accessed via YouTube are a popular method to provide health education. Videos need to be critically evaluated for educational qualities as the information could influence health outcomes. The present study aimed to evaluate the understandability, actionability and reliability of videos available on YouTube regarding brain, head, and neck cancer information."
5883,brain tumour,38795354,Protocol to quantify immune cell distribution from the vasculature to the glioma microenvironment on sequential immunofluorescence multiplex images.,"Although myeloid-derived immune cells can be dispersed throughout the tumor microenvironment (TME), anti-tumor effector cells are confined to the perivascular space. Here, we present a protocol to quantify immune cell distribution from tumor vasculature to its glioma microenvironment on sequential immunofluorescence multiplex images. We describe steps for sequential immunofluorescence multiplex staining, image generation, and storage. We then detail the procedures for tissue, vessel, and nuclei segmentation; cell phenotyping; data extraction; and training using RStudio and Spyder."
5884,brain tumour,38795304,Hyperthermia for Targeting Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells: Insights from Novel Cellular and Clinical Approaches.,"The Cellular Heat Shock Response and in particular heat shock protein activation are vital stress reactions observed in both healthy and cancer cells. Hyperthermia (HT) has been proposed for several years as an advancing non-invasive cancer therapy. It selectively targets cancer cells through mechanisms influenced by temperature and temperature variations. This article delves into the impact of HT on cancer cells, especially cancer stem cells (CSCs), essential contributors to cancer recurrence and metastasis. HT has shown promise in eliminating CSCs, sensitizing them to conventional treatments and modulating the tumor microenvironment. The exploration extends to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which exhibit both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic effects. HT's potential in recruiting therapeutic MSCs for targeted delivery of antitumoral agents is also discussed. Furthermore, the article introduces Brain Thermodynamics-guided Hyperthermia (BTGH) technology, a breakthrough in temperature control and modulation of heat transfer under different conditions. This non-invasive method leverages the brain-eyelid thermal tunnel (BTT) to monitor and regulate internal brain temperature. BTGH technology, with its precision and noninvasive continuous monitoring capabilities, is under clinical investigation for applications in neurological disorders and cancer. The innovative three-phase approach involves whole-body HT, targeted brain HT, and organ-specific HT. In conclusion, the exploration of localized or whole-body HT offers promising avenues for cancer, psychiatric and neurological diseases. The ongoing clinical investigations and potential applications underscore the significance of understanding and harnessing heat's responses to enhance human health."
5885,brain tumour,38795276,Chitosan-modified manganese oxide-conjugated methotrexate nanoparticles delivering 5-aminolevulinic acid as a dual-modal T1-T2* MRI contrast agent in U87MG cell detection.,"Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer, and early diagnosis plays a pivotal role in improving patient survival rates. In this regard, molecular magnetic resonance imaging has emerged as a promising imaging modality due to its exceptional sensitivity to minute tissue changes and the ability to penetrate deep into the brain. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a novel contrast agent in detecting gliomas during MRI scans."
5886,brain tumour,38795262,Aconitum coreanum and processed products on its base prevent stroke via the PI3K/Akt and KEAP1/NRF2 in the in vivo study.,"Aconitum coreanum (A. coreanum), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been proved to treat ischemic stroke (IS). However, the mechanisms of A. coreanum's anti-stroke is currently unknown. This study aimed to uncover the effect and mechanisms of A. coreanum. And study raw Aconitum coreanum (RA) and steamed Aconitum coreanum (SA) and Aconitum coreanum processed with ginger and Alumen (GA) on the mechanism of the pharmacological action of treating IS. Determining whether the efficacy is affected after processing. The right unilateral ligation of the carotid artery of gerbils was used to mimic IS. The neurological function score, infarct volume, oxidative stress level and inflammatory factor expression were measured in gerbils after IS. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses were conducted to evaluate the expression of related proteins. Metabolomic analyzes IS-related metabolic pathways in urinary metabolites. RA, SA and GA significantly improved the infarct volume and behavioral score of IS gerbils, increased the expression of brain tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) and decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis results showed that RA, SA and GA significantly increased the expression of P-Akt, PI3K, HO-1 and KEAP1. Metabolomic studies identified 112 differential metabolites, including L-Proline, Riboflavin, Leukotriene D4, and 7-Methylxanthine, as potential biomarkers of stroke, involving 14 metabolic pathways including riboflavin metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and purine metabolism. Our findings indicated that A. coreanum protected against cerebral ischemia injury probably via the PI3K/Akt and KEAP1/NRF2 pathway. A. coreanum before and after processing both had a protective effect against IS brain injury in gerbils. The A. coreanum efficacy was not reduced after processing. Even compared to RA, SA had better efficacy."
5887,brain tumour,38795257,Different genetic profiles contribute to worse overall survival in patients with leptomeningeal metastases of non-small-cell lung cancer.,"To assess the genetic characteristics of central nervous system (CNS) metastases from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we gathered the genetic profiles of brain metastases (BM) and leptomeningeal metastases (LM). Our objective was to identify genetic factors contributing to poorer overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients with LM."
5888,brain tumour,38795238,Fluorescein-guided surgery in high-grade gliomas: focusing on the eloquent and deep-seated areas.,"The vital function of eloquent and deep brain areas necessitates precise treatment for tumors located in these regions. Fluorescein-guided surgery (FGS) has been widely used for high-grade gliomas (HGGs) resection. Nevertheless, the safety and efficacy of utilizing this technique for resecting brain tumors located in eloquent and deep-seated areas remain uncertain. This study aims to assess the safety and extent of resection of HGGs in these challenging tumors with fluorescein and explore its impact on patient survival."
5889,brain tumour,38795167,Understanding diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumors.,"Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumors (DLGNTs) pose a rare and challenging entity within pediatric central nervous system neoplasms. Despite their rarity, DLGNTs exhibit complex clinical presentations and unique molecular characteristics, necessitating a deeper understanding of their diagnostic and therapeutic nuances."
5890,brain tumour,38795094,A Mechanistic Analysis of the Neural Modulation of the Inflammatory System Through Vagus Nerve Stimulation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.,We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the antiinflammatory effects of various VNS methods while exploring multiple antiinflammatory pathways.
5891,brain tumour,38794785,Simultaneous L1-2 Bulged Disc and Mobile Spinal Schwannoma Causing Cauda Equina Syndrome: A Rare Case Report.,"BACKGROUND Aside from the rarity of mobile spinal schwannomas, the coexistence of these tumors with herniated intervertebral disc is also scarce. Furthermore, cauda equina syndrome (CES), as a manifestation of intraspinal schwannomas has been reported rarely. Described here is a case of simultaneous lumbar disc bulge and mobile spinal schwannoma presented with intermittent symptoms of CES. CASE REPORT A 62-year-old man presented with severe but intermittent leg pain for 2 weeks, which later progressed to an episode of lower extremity weakness and difficulty in urination. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intraspinal tumor that moved in position relative to the L1-2 disc bulge on scans 6 h apart, with associated spontaneous regression in symptoms. The tumor was found to be a mobile spinal schwannoma, originated from a nerve root. A standard microdissection technique was used to remove the tumor through a spinous process-sparing unilateral approach, with complete laminectomy of L1. Use of intraoperative ultrasound facilitated the accurate tumor localization. Postoperatively, the patient no longer had symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This report presents a combination of a common spinal pathology, intervertebral disc herniation, alongside a rare condition, mobile spinal schwannoma, whose uncommon clinical manifestations, such as CES can cause irreversible neurological deficits. Surgeons need to remain vigilant of potential atypical scenarios when treating patients. Surgical treatment challenges regarding the mobility of tumors, such as accurate localization, should be addressed using intraoperative imaging to avoid wrong-level surgery. To mitigate the irreversible neurological complications, patients should receive comprehensive information for alarming signs of CES."
5892,brain tumour,38794688,"Cancer Incidence Rates in the US in 2016-2020 with Respect to Solar UVB Doses, Diabetes and Obesity Prevalence, Lung Cancer Incidence Rates, and Alcohol Consumption: An Ecological Study.","This article reports the results of an ecological study of cancer incidence rates by state in the US for the period 2016-2020. The goals of this study were to determine the extent to which solar UVB doses reduced cancer risk compared to findings reported in 2006 for cancer mortality rates for the periods 1950-1969 and 1970-1794 as well as cancer incidence rates for the period 1998-2002 and to determine which factors were recently associated with cancer risk. The cancer data for non-Hispanic white (European American) men and women were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Indices were obtained for solar UVB at the surface for July 1992, and alcohol consumption, diabetes, and obesity prevalence near the 2016-2020 period. Lung cancer incidence rates were also used in the analyses as a surrogate for smoking, diet, and air pollution. The cancers for which solar UVB is significantly associated with reduced incidence are bladder, brain (males), breast, corpus uteri, esophageal, gastric, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, pancreatic, and renal cancer. Lung cancer was significantly associated with colorectal, laryngeal, and renal cancer. Diabetes was also significantly associated with breast, liver, and lung cancer. Obesity prevalence was significantly associated with breast, colorectal, and renal cancer. Alcohol consumption was associated with bladder and esophageal cancer. Thus, diet has become a very important driver of cancer incidence rates. The role of solar UVB in reducing the risk of cancer has been reduced due to people spending less time outdoors, wearing sunscreen that blocks UVB but not UVA radiation, and population increases in terms of overweight and obese individuals, which are associated with lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and the generation of systemic inflammation, which is a risk factor for cancer. A dietary approach that would reduce the risk of diabetes, obesity, lung cancer, and, therefore, cancer, would be one based mostly on whole plants and restrictions on red and processed meats and ultraprocessed foods. Solar UVB exposure for a few minutes before applying sunscreen and taking vitamin D supplements would also help reduce the risk of cancer."
5893,brain tumour,38794334,The Proteasome Inhibitor CEP-18770 Induces Cell Death in Medulloblastoma.,"Medulloblastomas (MBs) represent the most prevalent malignant solid tumors in kids. The conventional treatment regimen for MBs includes surgical removal of the tumor, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. However, this approach is associated with significant morbidity and detrimental side effects. Consequently, there is a critical demand for more precise and less harmful treatments to enhance the quality of life for survivors. CEP-18770, a novel proteasome inhibitor that targets the 20S subunit, has emerged as a promising candidate, due to its anticancer activity in metastatic solid tumors and multiple myeloma, coupled with an acceptable safety profile. In this study, we aimed to assess the anticancer efficacy of CEP-18770 by employing a variety of MB patient-derived cells and cell lines. Our preclinical investigations revealed that CEP-18770 effectively inhibits proteasome activity and induces apoptosis in MBs cells. Furthermore, we discovered that CEP-18770 and cisplatin, a current component of MB therapy, exhibit a synergistic apoptotic effect. This paper shows that CEP-18770 holds potential as an adjunctive treatment for MB tumors, thereby paving the way for more targeted and less toxic therapeutic strategies."
5894,brain tumour,38794149,The Impact of A3AR Antagonism on the Differential Expression of Chemoresistance-Related Genes in Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells.,"Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive and common primary malignant tumor of the brain and central nervous system. Without treatment, the average patient survival time is about six months, which can be extended to fifteen months with multimodal therapies. The chemoresistance observed in GB is, in part, attributed to the presence of a subpopulation of glioblastoma-like stem cells (GSCs) that are characterized by heightened tumorigenic capacity and chemoresistance. GSCs are situated in hypoxic tumor niches, where they sustain and promote the stem-like phenotype and have also been correlated with high chemoresistance. GSCs have the particularity of generating high levels of extracellular adenosine (ADO), which causes the activation of the A"
5895,brain tumour,38793132,Recent Developments in Magnetic Hyperthermia Therapy (MHT) and Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) in the Brain Tumor Field: A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis.,"Magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) is a promising treatment modality for brain tumors using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) locally delivered to the tumor and activated with an external alternating magnetic field (AMF) to generate antitumor effects through localized heating. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging technology offering strong signal-to-noise for nanoparticle localization. A scoping review was performed by systematically querying Pubmed, Scopus, and Embase. In total, 251 articles were returned, 12 included. Articles were analyzed for nanoparticle type used, MHT parameters, and MPI applications. Preliminary results show that MHT is an exciting treatment modality with unique advantages over current heat-based therapies for brain cancer. Effective application relies on the further development of unique magnetic nanoparticle constructs and imaging modalities, such as MPI, that can enable real-time MNP imaging for improved therapeutic outcomes."
5896,brain tumour,38792891,Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of the Sphenoid Sinus in Patients with Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenoma.,
5897,brain tumour,38792634,A Sole Case of the FGF23 Gene Mutation c.202A>G (p.Thr68Ala) Associated with Multiple Severe Vascular Aneurysms and a Hyperphosphatemic Variant of Tumoral Calcinosis-A Case Report.,"Tumoral calcinosis is an extremely rare genetic disease caused by mutations in three genes, GALNT3, FGF23, and KL, which disrupt phosphorus metabolism. The hallmark of this condition is the formation of tumors in the soft tissues around the joints. Other phenotypic features of tumoral calcinosis are dental involvement and brain and vascular calcifications. The clinical case reported herein presents for the first time to the scientific community the c.202A>G (p.Thr68Ala) mutation of the FGF23 gene, associated with a hyperphosphatemic variant of tumoral calcinosis and multiple severe vascular aneurysms. A female patient underwent multiple surgeries for tumor formations in her soft tissues that first appeared at the age of 12 months. On this occurrence, the patient was found to have hyperphosphatemia, low phosphate clearance, increased tubular reabsorption with normal levels of total and ionized calcium, vitamin D3, and parathyroid hormone, and no effect of treatment with sevelamer hydrochloride and a low-phosphate diet. At the age of 39, the patient underwent imaging studies due to edema and a pulsating formation in the neck area, which revealed multiple vascular aneurysms with thrombosis, for which she received operative and interventional treatment. In this connection, and because of the established phosphorus metabolism disturbance, a genetic disease was suspected. The sequence analysis and deletion/duplication testing of the 358 genes performed on this occasion revealed that the woman was homozygous for a variant of the c.202A>G (p.Thr68Ala) mutation of the FGF23 gene. The established mutation is not present in population databases. The presented clinical case is the first and only one in the world to demonstrate the role of this type of FGF23 gene mutation in the development of a hyperphosphatemic variant of tumoral calcinosis characterized by aggressive formation of multiple vascular aneurysms."
5898,brain tumour,38792257,Novel 9-Methylanthracene Derivatives as p53 Activators for the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme.,"Glioblastoma multiforme, a highly aggressive and lethal brain tumor, is a substantial clinical challenge and a focus of increasing concern globally. Hematological toxicity and drug resistance of first-line drugs underscore the necessity for new anti-glioma drug development. Here, 43 anthracenyl skeleton compounds as p53 activator "
5899,brain tumour,38792022,Antisense Oligonucleotides for Rapid Translation of Gene Therapy in Glioblastoma.,"The limited efficacy of current treatments for malignant brain tumors necessitates novel therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to assess the potential of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) as adjuvant therapy for high-grade gliomas, focusing on their CNS penetration and clinical translation prospects."
5900,brain tumour,38791967,"""Oh, Dear We Are in Tribble"": An Overview of the Oncogenic Functions of Tribbles 1.","Pseudokinases are catalytically inactive proteins in the human genome that lack the ability to transfer phosphate from ATP to their substrates. The Tribbles family of pseudokinases contains three members: Tribbles 1, 2, and 3. Tribbles 1 has recently gained importance because of its involvement in various diseases, including cancer. It acts as a scaffolding protein that brings about the degradation of its substrate proteins, such as C/EBPα/β, MLXIPL, and RAR/RXRα, among others, via the ubiquitin proteasome system. It also serves as an adapter protein, which sequesters different protein molecules and activates their downstream signaling, leading to processes, such as cell survival, cell proliferation, and lipid metabolism. It has been implicated in cancers such as AML, prostate cancer, breast cancer, CRC, HCC, and glioma, where it activates oncogenic signaling pathways such as PI3K-AKT and MAPK and inhibits the anti-tumor function of p53. TRIB1 also causes treatment resistance in cancers such as NSCLC, breast cancer, glioma, and promyelocytic leukemia. All these effects make TRIB1 a potential drug target. However, the lack of a catalytic domain renders TRIB1 ""undruggable"", but knowledge about its structure, conformational changes during substrate binding, and substrate binding sites provides an opportunity to design small-molecule inhibitors against specific TRIB1 interactions."
5901,brain tumour,38791921,Longitudinal Evaluation of DCE-MRI as an Early Indicator of Progression after Standard Therapy in Glioblastoma.,
5902,brain tumour,38791906,Speeding Up and Improving Image Quality in Glioblastoma MRI Protocol by Deep Learning Image Reconstruction.,"A fully diagnostic MRI glioma protocol is key to monitoring therapy assessment but is time-consuming and especially challenging in critically ill and uncooperative patients. Artificial intelligence demonstrated promise in reducing scan time and improving image quality simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance, the impact on acquisition acceleration, and the image quality of a deep learning optimized glioma protocol of the brain. Thirty-three patients with histologically confirmed glioblastoma underwent standardized brain tumor imaging according to the glioma consensus recommendations on a 3-Tesla MRI scanner. Conventional and deep learning-reconstructed (DLR) fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and T2- and T1-weighted contrast-enhanced Turbo spin echo images with an improved in-plane resolution, i.e., super-resolution, were acquired. Two experienced neuroradiologists independently evaluated the image datasets for subjective image quality, diagnostic confidence, tumor conspicuity, noise levels, artifacts, and sharpness. In addition, the tumor volume was measured in the image datasets according to Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) 2.0, as well as compared between both imaging techniques, and various clinical-pathological parameters were determined. The average time saving of DLR sequences was 30% per MRI sequence. Simultaneously, DLR sequences showed superior overall image quality (all "
5903,brain tumour,38791893,Pediatric Diffuse Midline Glioma H3K27-Altered: From Developmental Origins to Therapeutic Challenges.,"Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), now referred to as diffuse midline glioma (DMG), is a highly aggressive pediatric cancer primarily affecting children aged 4 to 9 years old. Despite the research and clinical trials conducted to identify a possible treatment for DIPG, no effective drug is currently available. These tumors often affect deep midline brain structures in young children, suggesting a connection to early brain development's epigenetic regulation targets, possibly affecting neural progenitor functions and differentiation. The H3K27M mutation is a known DIPG trigger, but the exact mechanisms beyond epigenetic regulation remain unclear. After thoroughly examining the available literature, we found that over 85% of DIPG tumors contain a somatic missense mutation, K27M, in genes encoding histone H3.3 and H3.1, leading to abnormal gene expression that drives tumor growth and spread. This mutation impacts crucial brain development processes, including the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway, and may explain differences between H3K27M and non-K27M pediatric gliomas. Effects on stem cells show increased proliferation and disrupted differentiation. The genomic organization of H3 gene family members in the developing brain has revealed variations in their expression patterns. All these observations suggest a need for global efforts to understand developmental origins and potential treatments."
5904,brain tumour,38791529,Kinase Inhibitors and Kinase-Targeted Cancer Therapies: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives.,"Over 120 small-molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) have been approved worldwide for treating various diseases, with nearly 70 FDA approvals specifically for cancer treatment, focusing on targets like the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. Kinase-targeted strategies encompass monoclonal antibodies and their derivatives, such as nanobodies and peptides, along with innovative approaches like the use of kinase degraders and protein kinase interaction inhibitors, which have recently demonstrated clinical progress and potential in overcoming resistance. Nevertheless, kinase-targeted strategies encounter significant hurdles, including drug resistance, which greatly impacts the clinical benefits for cancer patients, as well as concerning toxicity when combined with immunotherapy, which restricts the full utilization of current treatment modalities. Despite these challenges, the development of kinase inhibitors remains highly promising. The extensively studied tyrosine kinase family has 70% of its targets in various stages of development, while 30% of the kinase family remains inadequately explored. Computational technologies play a vital role in accelerating the development of novel kinase inhibitors and repurposing existing drugs. Recent FDA-approved SMKIs underscore the importance of blood-brain barrier permeability for long-term patient benefits. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent FDA-approved SMKIs based on their mechanisms of action and targets. We summarize the latest developments in potential new targets and explore emerging kinase inhibition strategies from a clinical perspective. Lastly, we outline current obstacles and future prospects in kinase inhibition."
5905,brain tumour,38791520,Metabolic Contrasts: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketone Bodies in Healthy Brains vs. Glioblastoma Multiforme.,"The metabolism of glucose and lipids plays a crucial role in the normal homeostasis of the body. Although glucose is the main energy substrate, in its absence, lipid metabolism becomes the primary source of energy. The main means of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) takes place in the mitochondrial matrix through β-oxidation. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of primary malignant brain tumor (45.6%), with an incidence of 3.1 per 100,000. The metabolic changes found in GBM cells and in the surrounding microenvironment are associated with proliferation, migration, and resistance to treatment. Tumor cells show a remodeling of metabolism with the use of glycolysis at the expense of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), known as the Warburg effect. Specialized fatty acids (FAs) transporters such as FAT, FABP, or FATP from the tumor microenvironment are overexpressed in GBM and contribute to the absorption and storage of an increased amount of lipids that will provide sufficient energy used for tumor growth and invasion. This review provides an overview of the key enzymes, transporters, and main regulatory pathways of FAs and ketone bodies (KBs) in normal versus GBM cells, highlighting the need to develop new therapeutic strategies to improve treatment efficacy in patients with GBM."
5906,brain tumour,38791432,Speeding up Glioblastoma Cancer Research: Highlighting the Zebrafish Xenograft Model.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a very aggressive and lethal primary brain cancer in adults. The multifaceted nature of GBM pathogenesis, rising from complex interactions between cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME), has posed great treatment challenges. Despite significant scientific efforts, the prognosis for GBM remains very poor, even after intensive treatment with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Efficient GBM management still requires the invention of innovative treatment strategies. There is a strong necessity to complete cancer in vitro studies and in vivo studies to properly evaluate the mechanisms of tumor progression within the complex TME. In recent years, the animal models used to study GBM tumors have evolved, achieving highly invasive GBM models able to provide key information on the molecular mechanisms of GBM onset. At present, the most commonly used animal models in GBM research are represented by mammalian models, such as mouse and canine ones. However, the latter present several limitations, such as high cost and time-consuming management, making them inappropriate for large-scale anticancer drug evaluation. In recent years, the zebrafish ("
5907,brain tumour,38791428,Novel Acetamide-Based HO-1 Inhibitor Counteracts Glioblastoma Progression by Interfering with the Hypoxic-Angiogenic Pathway.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the deadliest tumor among brain cancers. It is a solid tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation generating the hypoxic niches in the cancer core. By inducing the transcription of hypoxic inducible factor (HIF), hypoxia triggers many signaling cascades responsible for cancer progression and aggressiveness, including enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or antioxidant enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The present work aimed to investigate the link between HO-1 expression and the hypoxic microenvironment of GBM by culturing two human glioblastoma cell lines (U87MG and A172) in the presence of a hypoxic mimetic agent, deferoxamine (DFX). By targeting hypoxia-induced HO-1, we have tested the effect of a novel acetamide-based HO-1 inhibitor (VP18/58) on GBM progression. Results have demonstrated that hypoxic conditions induced upregulation and nuclear expression of HO-1 in a cell-dependent manner related to malignant phenotype. Moreover, our data demonstrated that the HO-1 inhibitor counteracted GBM progression by modulating the HIFα/HO-1/VEGF signaling cascade in cancer cells bearing more malignant phenotypes."
5908,brain tumour,38791353,Cholinergic Mechanisms in Gastrointestinal Neoplasia.,"Acetylcholine-activated receptors are divided broadly into two major structurally distinct classes: ligand-gated ion channel nicotinic and G-protein-coupled muscarinic receptors. Each class encompasses several structurally related receptor subtypes with distinct patterns of tissue expression and post-receptor signal transduction mechanisms. The activation of both nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors has been associated with the induction and progression of gastrointestinal neoplasia. Herein, after briefly reviewing the classification of acetylcholine-activated receptors and the role that nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic signaling plays in normal digestive function, we consider the mechanics of acetylcholine synthesis and release by neuronal and non-neuronal cells in the gastrointestinal microenvironment, and current methodology and challenges in measuring serum and tissue acetylcholine levels accurately. Then, we critically evaluate the evidence that constitutive and ligand-induced activation of acetylcholine-activated receptors plays a role in promoting gastrointestinal neoplasia. We focus primarily on adenocarcinomas of the stomach, pancreas, and colon, because these cancers are particularly common worldwide and, when diagnosed at an advanced stage, are associated with very high rates of morbidity and mortality. Throughout this comprehensive review, we concentrate on identifying novel ways to leverage these observations for prognostic and therapeutic purposes."
5909,brain tumour,38791347,Structure-Inherent Tumor-Targeted IR-783 for Near-Infrared Fluorescence-Guided Photothermal Therapy.,"IR-783, a commercially available near-infrared (NIR) heptamethine cyanine dye, has been used for selective tumor imaging in breast, prostate, cervical, and brain cancers in vitro and in vivo. Although the molecular mechanism behind the structure-inherent tumor targeting of IR-783 has not been well-demonstrated, IR-783 has unique properties such as a good water solubility and low cytotoxicity compared with other commercial heptamethine cyanine dyes. The goal of this study is to evaluate the phototherapeutic efficacy of IR-783 as a tumor-targeted photothermal agent in human colorectal cancer xenografts. The results demonstrate that IR-783 shows both the subcellular localization in HT-29 cancer cells and preferential accumulation in HT-29 xenografted tumors 24 h after its intravenous administration. Furthermore, the IR-783 dye reveals the superior capability to convert NIR light into heat energy under 808 nm NIR laser irradiation in vitro and in vivo, thereby inducing cancer cell death. Taken together, these findings suggest that water-soluble anionic IR-783 can be used as a bifunctional phototherapeutic agent for the targeted imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT) of colorectal cancer. Therefore, this work provides a simple and effective approach to develop biocompatible, hydrophilic, and tumor-targetable PTT agents for targeted cancer phototherapy."
5910,brain tumour,38791312,Profiling of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells and Their Impact on Survival in Glioblastoma Patients Undergoing Immunotherapy with Dendritic Cells.,"Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most common primary malignant brain tumors, comprising 2% of all cancers in adults. Their location and cellular and molecular heterogeneity, along with their highly infiltrative nature, make their treatment challenging. Recently, our research group reported promising results from a prospective phase II clinical trial involving allogeneic vaccination with dendritic cells (DCs). To date, six out of the thirty-seven reported cases remain alive without tumor recurrence. In this study, we focused on the characterization of infiltrating immune cells observed at the time of surgical resection. An analytical model employing a neural network-based predictive algorithm was used to ascertain the potential prognostic implications of immunological variables on patients' overall survival. Counterintuitively, immune phenotyping of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has revealed the extracellular marker PD-L1 to be a positive predictor of overall survival. In contrast, the elevated expression of CD86 within this cellular subset emerged as a negative prognostic indicator. Fundamentally, the neural network algorithm outlined here allows a prediction of the responsiveness of patients undergoing dendritic cell vaccination in terms of overall survival based on clinical parameters and the profile of infiltrated TAMs observed at the time of tumor excision."
5911,brain tumour,38791125,Chronic Stress-Induced Neuroinflammation: Relevance of Rodent Models to Human Disease.,"The brain is the central organ of adaptation to stress because it perceives and determines threats that induce behavioral, physiological, and molecular responses. In humans, chronic stress manifests as an enduring consistent feeling of pressure and being overwhelmed for an extended duration. This can result in a persistent proinflammatory response in the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS), resulting in cellular, physiological, and behavioral effects. Compounding stressors may increase the risk of chronic-stress-induced inflammation, which can yield serious health consequences, including mental health disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge surrounding the neuroinflammatory response in rodent models of chronic stress-a relationship that is continually being defined. Many studies investigating the effects of chronic stress on neuroinflammation in rodent models have identified significant changes in inflammatory modulators, including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and toll-like receptors (TLRs), and cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. This suggests that these are key inflammatory factors in the chronic stress response, which may contribute to the establishment of anxiety and depression-like symptoms. The behavioral and neurological effects of modulating inflammatory factors through gene knockdown (KD) and knockout (KO), and conventional and alternative medicine approaches, are discussed."
5912,brain tumour,38791110,Pericytes Are Immunoregulatory Cells in Glioma Genesis and Progression.,"Vascular co-option is a consequence of the direct interaction between perivascular cells, known as pericytes (PCs), and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells (GBMcs). This process is essential for inducing changes in the pericytes' anti-tumoral and immunoreactive phenotypes. Starting from the initial stages of carcinogenesis in GBM, PCs conditioned by GBMcs undergo proliferation, acquire a pro-tumoral and immunosuppressive phenotype by expressing and secreting immunosuppressive molecules, and significantly hinder the activation of T cells, thereby facilitating tumor growth. Inhibiting the pericyte (PC) conditioning mechanisms in the GBM tumor microenvironment (TME) results in immunological activation and tumor disappearance. This underscores the pivotal role of PCs as a key cell in the TME, responsible for tumor-induced immunosuppression and enabling GBM cells to evade the immune system. Other cells within the TME, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and microglia, have also been identified as contributors to this immunomodulation. In this paper, we will review the role of these three cell types in the immunosuppressive properties of the TME. Our conclusion is that the cellular heterogeneity of immunocompetent cells within the TME may lead to the misinterpretation of cellular lineage identification due to different reactive stages and the identification of PCs as TAMs. Consequently, novel therapies could be developed to disrupt GBM-PC interactions and/or PC conditioning through vascular co-option, thereby exposing GBMcs to the immune system."
5913,brain tumour,38791053,Exploring the Impact of Irradiation on Glioblastoma Blood-Brain-Barrier Permeability: Insights from Dynamic-Contrast-Enhanced-MRI and Histological Analysis.,"(1) Background: Glioblastoma (GB) presents a formidable challenge in neuro-oncology due to its aggressive nature, limited treatment options, and poor prognosis. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) complicates treatment by hindering drug delivery to the tumor site, particularly to the infiltrative cells in the margin of the tumor, which are mainly responsible for tumor recurrence. Innovative strategies are therefore needed to enhance drug delivery in the margins of the tumor. This study explores whether irradiation can enhance BBB permeability by assessing hemodynamic changes and the distribution of contrast agents in the core and the margins of GB tumors. (2) Methods: Mice grafted with U-87MG cells were exposed to increasing irradiation doses. The distribution of contrast agents and hemodynamic parameters was evaluated using both non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques with gadolinium-DOTA as a contrast agent and invasive histological analysis with Evans blue, a fluorescent vascular leakage marker. Diffusion-MRI was also used to assess cytotoxic effects. (3) Results: The histological study revealed a complex dose-dependent effect of irradiation on BBB integrity, with increased vascular leakage at 5 Gy but reduced leakage at higher doses (10 and 15 Gy). However, there was no significant increase in the diffusion of Gd-DOTA outside the tumor area by MRI. (4) Conclusions: The increase in BBB permeability could be an interesting approach to enhance drug delivery in glioblastoma margins for low irradiation doses. In this model, DCE-MRI analysis was of limited value in assessing the BBB opening in glioblastoma after irradiation."
5914,brain tumour,38790424,"CNS Germ Cell Tumors: Molecular Advances, Significance in Risk Stratification and Future Directions.","Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors (CNS GCTs) represent a subtype of intracranial malignant tumors characterized by highly heterogeneous histology. Current diagnostic methods in clinical practice have notable limitations, and treatment strategies struggle to achieve personalized therapy based on patient risk stratification. Advances in molecular genetics, biology, epigenetics, and understanding of the tumor microenvironment suggest the diagnostic potential of associated molecular alterations, aiding risk subgroup identification at diagnosis. Furthermore, they suggest the existence of novel therapeutic approaches targeting chromosomal alterations, mutated genes and altered signaling pathways, methylation changes, microRNAs, and immune checkpoints. Moving forward, further research is imperative to explore the pathogenesis of CNS GCTs and unravel the intricate interactions among various molecular alterations. Additionally, these findings require validation in clinical cohorts to assess their role in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment of patients."
5915,brain tumour,38790388,Integrative Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Metabolomic Characterization of a Glioblastoma Rat Model.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) stands as the most prevalent and lethal malignant brain tumor, characterized by its highly infiltrative nature. This study aimed to identify additional MRI and metabolomic biomarkers of GBM and its impact on healthy tissue using an advanced-stage C6 glioma rat model. Wistar rats underwent a stereotactic injection of C6 cells (GBM group, n = 10) or cell medium (sham group, n = 4). A multiparametric MRI, including anatomical T"
5916,brain tumour,38790363,Improving the Generalizability of Deep Learning for T2-Lesion Segmentation of Gliomas in the Post-Treatment Setting.,"Although fully automated volumetric approaches for monitoring brain tumor response have many advantages, most available deep learning models are optimized for highly curated, multi-contrast MRI from newly diagnosed gliomas, which are not representative of post-treatment cases in the clinic. Improving segmentation for treated patients is critical to accurately tracking changes in response to therapy. We investigated mixing data from newly diagnosed ("
5917,brain tumour,38790279,Cancerous and Non-Cancerous MRI Classification Using Dual DCNN Approach.,"Brain cancer is a life-threatening disease requiring close attention. Early and accurate diagnosis using non-invasive medical imaging is critical for successful treatment and patient survival. However, manual diagnosis by radiologist experts is time-consuming and has limitations in processing large datasets efficiently. Therefore, efficient systems capable of analyzing vast amounts of medical data for early tumor detection are urgently needed. Deep learning (DL) with deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) emerges as a promising tool for understanding diseases like brain cancer through medical imaging modalities, especially MRI, which provides detailed soft tissue contrast for visualizing tumors and organs. DL techniques have become more and more popular in current research on brain tumor detection. Unlike traditional machine learning methods requiring manual feature extraction, DL models are adept at handling complex data like MRIs and excel in classification tasks, making them well-suited for medical image analysis applications. This study presents a novel Dual DCNN model that can accurately classify cancerous and non-cancerous MRI samples. Our Dual DCNN model uses two well-performed DL models, i.e., inceptionV3 and denseNet121. Features are extracted from these models by appending a global max pooling layer. The extracted features are then utilized to train the model with the addition of five fully connected layers and finally accurately classify MRI samples as cancerous or non-cancerous. The fully connected layers are retrained to learn the extracted features for better accuracy. The technique achieves 99%, 99%, 98%, and 99% of accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-scores, respectively. Furthermore, this study compares the Dual DCNN's performance against various well-known DL models, including DenseNet121, InceptionV3, ResNet architectures, EfficientNetB2, SqueezeNet, VGG16, AlexNet, and LeNet-5, with different learning rates. This study indicates that our proposed approach outperforms these established models in terms of performance."
5918,brain tumour,38790164,Preservation of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Levels in ,"Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has recently emerged as a promising minimally invasive diagnostic biomarker for various cancers. In this study, our aim was to identify cfDNA biomarkers by investigating genes that displayed significant differences between glioma patients and their corresponding controls. To accomplish this, we utilized publicly available data from the Gene Expression Omnibus, focusing on 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) profiles in both cfDNA and genomic DNA (gDNA) from glioma patients and healthy individuals. The intersection of gene lists derived from these comparative analyses unveiled "
5919,brain tumour,38790160,"The Immune Microenvironment Landscape of Pituitary NeuroEndocrine Tumors, a Transcriptomic Approach.","Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) are known to be variably infiltrated by different immune cells. Nonetheless, their role in pituitary oncogenesis has only begun to be unveiled. The immune microenvironment could determine the biological and clinical behavior of a neoplasm and may have prognostic implications. To evaluate the expression of immune-related genes and to correlate such expression with the presence of infiltrating immune cells in forty-two PitNETs of different lineages, we performed whole transcriptome analysis and RT-qPCR. Deconvolution analysis was carried out to infer the immune cell types present in each tumor and the presence of immune cells was confirmed by immunofluorescence. We found characteristic expression profiles of immune-related genes including those encoding interleukins and chemokines for each tumor lineage. Genes such as "
5920,brain tumour,38790064,Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach improves endocrine function and surgical outcome in primary craniopharyngioma resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are generally derived from the craniopharyngeal duct epithelium, accounting for 38% and 24.5% of mortality in pediatric and adult patients, respectively. At present, the widespread application of the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EEA) has led to controversy between the traditional microscopic transcranial approach (TCA) and EEA in relation to the surgical management of CPs."
5921,brain tumour,38790011,Brachytherapy in craniopharyngiomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term follow-up.,Brachytherapy has been indicated as an alternative option for treating cystic craniopharyngiomas (CPs). The potential benefits of brachytherapy for CPs have not yet been clarified. The purpose of this work was to conduct a meta-analysis to analyze the long-term efficacy and adverse reactions profile of brachytherapy for CPs.
5922,brain tumour,38789970,Automated glioblastoma patient classification using hypoxia levels measured through magnetic resonance images.,"The challenge of treating Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors is due to various mechanisms that make the tumor resistant to radiation therapy. One of these mechanisms is hypoxia, and therefore, determining the level of hypoxia can improve treatment planning and initial evaluation of its effectiveness in GBM. This study aimed to design an intelligent system to classify glioblastoma patients based on hypoxia levels obtained from magnetic resonance images with the help of an artificial neural network (ANN)."
5923,brain tumour,38789890,Efficacy and safety evaluation of combined therapies incorporating whole-brain radiotherapy in patients with brain metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is a standard and effective approach for brain metastases, but it is linked to neurocognitive complications, specifically issues related to the hippocampus. Innovative strategies are being explored to enhance outcomes. However, a consensus is yet to be reached in this field. Our aim is to investigate the efficacy and safety of WBRT combined with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB), memantine, and hippocampal avoidance (HA) techniques in treatment of brain metastases."
5924,brain tumour,38789844,Constitutive type-1 interferons signaling activity in malignant gliomas.,"Recent studies revealed a pro-tumor effect of constitutive Type-1 interferons (IFN-I) production and the downstream signaling activity in several malignancies. In contrast, heterogeneity and clinical significance of the signaling activity in gliomas remain unknown. Thus, we aimed to depict the heterogeneity and clinical significance of constitutive Type-1 interferon (IFN-I) production and the downstream signaling activity in gliomas."
5925,brain tumour,38789843,Predicting post-surgical functional status in high-grade glioma with resting state fMRI and machine learning.,"High-grade glioma (HGG) is the most common and deadly malignant glioma of the central nervous system. The current standard of care includes surgical resection of the tumor, which can lead to functional and cognitive deficits. The aim of this study is to develop models capable of predicting functional outcomes in HGG patients before surgery, facilitating improved disease management and informed patient care."
5926,brain tumour,38789839,Mixture-of-experts and semantic-guided network for brain tumor segmentation with missing MRI modalities.,"Accurate brain tumor segmentation with multi-modal MRI images is crucial, but missing modalities in clinical practice often reduce accuracy. The aim of this study is to propose a mixture-of-experts and semantic-guided network to tackle the issue of missing modalities in brain tumor segmentation. We introduce a transformer-based encoder with novel mixture-of-experts blocks. In each block, four modality experts aim for modality-specific feature learning. Learnable modality embeddings are employed to alleviate the negative effect of missing modalities. We also introduce a decoder guided by semantic information, designed to pay higher attention to various tumor regions. Finally, we conduct extensive comparison experiments with other models as well as ablation experiments to validate the performance of the proposed model on the BraTS2018 dataset. The proposed model can accurately segment brain tumor sub-regions even with missing modalities. It achieves an average Dice score of 0.81 for the whole tumor, 0.66 for the tumor core, and 0.52 for the enhanced tumor across the 15 modality combinations, achieving top or near-top results in most cases, while also exhibiting a lower computational cost. Our mixture-of-experts and sematic-guided network achieves accurate and reliable brain tumor segmentation results with missing modalities, indicating its significant potential for clinical applications. Our source code is already available at https://github.com/MaggieLSY/MESG-Net ."
5927,brain tumour,38789729,Identification and clinical validation of diverse cell-death patterns-associated prognostic features among low-grade gliomas.,"Low-grade glioma (LGG) is heterogeneous at biological and transcriptomic levels, and it is still controversial for the definition and typing of LGG. Therefore, there is an urgent need for specific and practical molecular signatures for accurate diagnosis, individualized therapy, and prognostic evaluation of LGG. Cell death is essential for maintaining homeostasis, developing and preventing hyperproliferative malignancies. Based on diverse programmed cell death (PCD) related genes and prognostic characteristics of LGG, this study constructed a model to explore the mechanism and treatment strategies for LGG cell metastasis and invasion. We screened 1161 genes associated with PCD and divided 512 LGG samples into C1 and C2 subtypes by consistent cluster analysis. We analyzed the two subtypes' differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and performed functional enrichment analysis. Using R packages such as ESTIMATE, CIBERSOTR, and MCPcounter, we assessed immune cell scores for both subtypes. Compared with C1, the C2 subtype has a poor prognosis and a higher immune score, and patients in the C2 subtype are more strongly associated with tumor progression. LASSO and COX regression analysis screened four characteristic genes (CLU, FHL3, GIMAP2, and HVCN1). Using data sets from different platforms to validate the four-gene feature, we found that the expression and prognostic correlation of the four-gene feature had a high degree of stability, showing stable predictive effects. Besides, we found downregulation of CLU, FHL3, and GIMAP2 significantly impairs the growth, migration, and invasive potential of LGG cells. Take together, the four-gene feature constructed based on PCD-related genes provides valuable information for further study of the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of LGG."
5928,brain tumour,38789691,MOST wanted: navigating the MAPK-OIS-SASP-tumor microenvironment axis in primary pediatric low-grade glioma and preclinical models.,"Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG)-the most prevalent brain tumor in children-is essential for the identification and evaluation of novel effective treatments. This review explores the intricate relationship between the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and the tumor microenvironment (TME), integrating these elements into a unified framework termed the MAPK/OIS/SASP/TME (MOST) axis. This integrated approach seeks to deepen our understanding of pLGG and improve therapeutic interventions by examining the MOST axis' critical influence on tumor biology and response to treatment. In this review, we assess the axis' capacity to integrate various biological processes, highlighting new targets for pLGG treatment, and the need for characterized in vitro and in vivo preclinical models recapitulating pLGG's complexity to test targets. The review underscores the need for a comprehensive strategy in pLGG research, positioning the MOST axis as a pivotal approach in understanding pLGG. This comprehensive framework will open promising avenues for patient care and guide future research towards inventive treatment options."
5929,brain tumour,38789690,Low-grade glioma of the temporal lobe and tumor-related epilepsy in children.,"Low-grade glioma is the most common brain tumor among children and adolescents. When these tumors arise in the temporal lobe, patients frequently present with seizures that are poorly controlled with antiepileptic drugs. Here we summarize the clinical features, pathophysiology, preoperative evaluation, surgical treatment, and outcomes of pediatric patients with low-grade gliomas in the temporal lobe."
5930,brain tumour,38789271,Cancer-associated stroke from progressive acinic cell carcinoma.,"Cancer-associated stroke is an evolving subgroup of embolic strokes of undetermined source. A man in his mid-20s with progressive follicular variant acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid was admitted because of new onset left-sided weakness. Neuroimaging confirmed a right middle cerebral artery infarction. After extensive diagnostics, stroke aetiology was deemed from cancer-induced hypercoagulability. Questions which arose regarding his management included (1) What was the best antithrombotic for secondary stroke prevention? (2) What was his risk for intracranial or tumorous bleeding once antithrombotics had been started? (3) How many days post-stroke could the antithrombotic be initiated? and (4) When could he be cleared for palliative chemotherapy and whole brain irradiation? The approach to address the abovementioned questions in the management of a rare cancer complicated by stroke is presented. Although treatments are guided by known pathomechanisms, additional studies are needed to further support current treatment strategies for this subgroup of patients."
5931,brain tumour,38789032,Radiation-Associated Vestibular Schwannomas: Case Series and Literature Review.,"Radiation treatment, particularly at a young age, creates theoretical risk for long-term adverse radiation effects, including the development of malignancy. The literature is sparse on radiation-induced vestibular schwannomas (VSs)."
5932,brain tumour,38788728,Mechanism of acoustic pressure spectrum shifting toward lower frequencies in applied current thermoacoustic imaging.,
5933,brain tumour,38788719,Distinct roles of TREM2 in central nervous system cancers and peripheral cancers.,"Glioblastomas (GBM) are incurable central nervous system (CNS) cancers characterized by substantial myeloid cell infiltration. Whether myeloid cell-directed therapeutic targets identified in peripheral non-CNS cancers are applicable to GBM requires further study. Here, we identify that the critical immunosuppressive target in peripheral cancers, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2), is immunoprotective in GBM. Genetic or pharmacological TREM2 deficiency promotes GBM progression in vivo. Single-cell and spatial sequencing reveals downregulated TREM2 in GBM-infiltrated myeloid cells. TREM2 negatively correlates with immunosuppressive myeloid and T cell exhaustion signatures in GBM. We further demonstrate that during GBM progression, CNS-enriched sphingolipids bind TREM2 on myeloid cells and elicit antitumor responses. Clinically, high TREM2 expression in myeloid cells correlates with better survival in GBM. Adeno-associated virus-mediated TREM2 overexpression impedes GBM progression and synergizes with anti-PD-1 therapy. Our results reveal distinct functions of TREM2 in CNS cancers and support organ-specific myeloid cell remodeling in cancer immunotherapy."
5934,brain tumour,38788713,Meningioma transcriptomic landscape demonstrates novel subtypes with regional associated biology and patient outcome.,"Meningiomas, although mostly benign, can be recurrent and fatal. World Health Organization (WHO) grading of the tumor does not always identify high-risk meningioma, and better characterizations of their aggressive biology are needed. To approach this problem, we combined 13 bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets to create a dimension-reduced reference landscape of 1,298 meningiomas. The clinical and genomic metadata effectively correlated with landscape regions, which led to the identification of meningioma subtypes with specific biological signatures. The time to recurrence also correlated with the map location. Further, we developed an algorithm that maps new patients onto this landscape, where the nearest neighbors predict outcome. This study highlights the utility of combining bulk transcriptomic datasets to visualize the complexity of tumor populations. Further, we provide an interactive tool for understanding the disease and predicting patient outcomes. This resource is accessible via the online tool Oncoscape, where the scientific community can explore the meningioma landscape."
5935,brain tumour,38788675,Alzheimer disease-related biomarkers and cancer-related cognitive decline: the Thinking and Living with Cancer study.,We evaluated whether plasma Alzheimer disease (AD)-related biomarkers were associated with cancer-related cognitive decline among older breast cancer survivors.
5936,brain tumour,38788610,Role of artificial intelligence in brain tumour imaging.,"Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly evolving field with many neuro-oncology applications. In this review, we discuss how AI can assist in brain tumour imaging, focusing on machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques. We describe how AI can help in lesion detection, differential diagnosis, anatomic segmentation, molecular marker identification, prognostication, and pseudo-progression evaluation. We also cover AI applications in non-glioma brain tumours, such as brain metastasis, posterior fossa, and pituitary tumours. We highlight the challenges and limitations of AI implementation in radiology, such as data quality, standardization, and integration. Based on the findings in the aforementioned areas, we conclude that AI can potentially improve the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours and provide a path towards personalized medicine and better patient outcomes."
5937,brain tumour,38788602,Bibliometric and visualized analysis of the applications of exosomes based drug delivery.,"Exosomes, endogenous vesicles secreted by cells, possess unique properties like high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, targeting ability, long half-life, and blood-brain barrier permeability. They serve as crucial intercellular communication vectors in physiological processes and disease occurrence. Our comprehensive analysis of exosome-based drug delivery research from 2013 to 2023 revealed 2,476 authors from 717 institutions across 33 countries. Keyword clustering identified five research areas: drug delivery, mesenchymal stem cells, cancer immunotherapy, targeting ligands, surface modifications, and macrophages. The combination of exosome drug delivery technology with a proven clinical model enables the precise targeting of tumors with chemotherapy or radiosensitising agents, as well as facilitating gene therapy. This bibliometric analysis aims to characterize the current state and advance the clinical application of exosome-based drug delivery systems."
5938,brain tumour,38788601,Possible involvement of NAMPT in neuronal survival in cerebral ischemic injury under high-glucose conditions through the FoxO3a/LC3 pathway.,"The incidence of cerebral infarction triggered by abnormal glucose tolerance has increased; however, the relationship between glucose concentration in the brain and the detailed mechanism of post ischemic cell death remains unclear. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), an adipocytokine, is the rate-limiting enzyme for NAD"
5939,brain tumour,38788562,Manganese overexposure results in ferroptosis through the HIF-1α/p53/SLC7A11 pathway in ICR mouse brain and PC12 cells.,"Manganese (Mn) overexposure has been associated with the development of neurological damage reminiscent of Parkinson's disease, while the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully characterized. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms leading to injury in dopaminergic neurons induced by Mn and identify novel treatment approaches. In the in vivo and in vitro models, ICR mice and dopaminergic neuron-like PC12 cells were exposed to Mn, respectively. We treated them with anti-ferroptotic agents ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), deferoxamine (DFO), HIF-1α activator dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) and inhibitor LW6. We also used p53-siRNA to verify the mechanism underlying Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Fe and Mn concentrations increased in ICR mice brains overexposed to Mn. Additionally, Mn-exposed mice exhibited movement impairment and encephalic pathological changes, with decreased HIF-1α, SLC7A11, and GPX4 proteins and increased p53 protein levels. Fer-1 exhibited protective effects against Mn-induced both behavioral and biochemical changes. Consistently, in vitro, Mn exposure caused ferroptosis-related changes and decreased HIF-1α levels, all ameliorated by Fer-1. Upregulation of HIF-1α by DMOG alleviated the Mn-associated ferroptosis, while LW6 exacerbated Mn-induced neurotoxicity through downregulating HIF-1α. p53 knock-down also rescued Mn-induced ferroptosis without altering HIF-1α protein expression. Mn overexposure resulted in ferroptosis in dopaminergic neurons, mediated through the HIF-1α/p53/SLC7A11 pathway."
5940,brain tumour,38788545,Laminin I mediates resistance to lapatinib in HER2-positive brain metastatic breast cancer cells in vitro.,"The role of extracellular matrix (ECM) prevalent in the brain metastatic breast cancer (BMBC) niche in mediating cancer cell growth, survival, and response to therapeutic agents is not well understood. Emerging evidence suggests a vital role of ECM of the primary breast tumor microenvironment (TME) in tumor progression and survival. Possibly, the BMBC cells are also similarly influenced by the ECM of the metastatic niche; therefore, understanding the effect of the metastatic ECM on BMBC cells is imperative. Herein, we assessed the impact of various ECM components (i.e., Tenascin C, Laminin I, Collagen I, Collagen IV, and Fibronectin) on brain metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines in vitro. The highly aggressive TNBC cell line was minimally affected by ECM components exhibiting no remarkable changes in viability and morphology. On the contrary, amongst various ECM components tested, the HER2-positive cell line was significantly affected by Laminin I with higher viability and demonstrated a distinct spread morphology. In addition, HER2-positive BMBC cells exhibited resistance to Lapatinib in presence of Laminin I. Mechanistically, Laminin I-induced resistance to Lapatinib was mediated in part by phosphorylation of Erk 1/2 and elevated levels of Vimentin. Laminin I also significantly enhanced the migratory potential and replicative viability of HER2-positive BMBC cells. In sum, our findings show that presence of Laminin I in the TME of BMBC cells imparts resistance to targeted therapeutic agent Lapatinib, while increasing the possibility of its dispersal and clonogenic survival."
5941,brain tumour,38788447,"The potential role of Tirzepatide as adjuvant therapy in countering colistin-induced nephro and neurotoxicity in rats via modulation of PI3K/p-Akt/GSK3-β/NF-kB p65 hub, shielding against oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and activation of p-CREB/BDNF/TrkB cascade.","Although colistin has a crucial antibacterial activity in treating multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria strains; it exhibited renal and neuronal toxicities rendering its use a challenge. Previous studies investigated the incretin hormones either glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) or glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1) for their neuroprotective and nephroprotective effectiveness. The present study focused on investigating Tirzepatide (Tirze), a dual GLP-1/GIP agonist, as an adjuvant therapy in the colistin treatment protocol for attenuating its renal and neuronal complications. Rats were divided into; The normal control group, the colistin-treated group received colistin (300,000 IU/kg/day for 7 days; i.p.). The Tirze-treated group received Tirze (1.35 mg/kg on the 1,4,7"
5942,brain tumour,38788240,Laser interstitial thermal therapy for first-line treatment of insular glioma.,"Insular gliomas pose a significant surgical challenge due to the complex surrounding functional and vascular anatomy. The authors report their experience using a novel framework for the treatment of insular gliomas with laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) and provide representative case examples emphasizing indications, rationale, and technical pearls."
5943,brain tumour,38788234,An anatomo-functional study of the interactivity between the paracentral lobule and the primary motor cortex.,The purpose of this study was to understand the anatomical and functional connections between the paracentral lobule (PCL) and the primary motor cortex (M1) of the human brain.
5944,brain tumour,38788146,"Expression of somatostatin receptors in hemangioblastomas associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease as a novel diagnostic, therapeutic, and follow-up opportunity: A case report and literature review.","Hemangioblastomas associated with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease are frequently multiple and recur during prolonged follow-up. Currently, no systemic treatment is available for these tumors. Recent studies have shown the expression of somatostatin receptors in these types of hemangioblastomas. Notably, increased somatostatin receptor expression in a tumor, as determined by peptide-receptor radionuclide imaging, is a predictive factor of response to treatment with somatostatin analogs and peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy. The aim of this study was to describe the case of a patient with increased expression of somatostatin receptors in a suprasellar hemangioblastoma associated with VHL disease and conduct a literature review on somatostatin receptor expression in patients with VHL-associated hemangioblastomas. We describe herein the case of a 51-year-old man with VHL disease who had a suprasellar hemangioblastoma detected on magnetic resonance imaging. Peptide-receptor radionuclide imaging using gallium-68-DOTATOC ("
5945,brain tumour,38788088,Mycobacterium bovis Infection of a Deep Brain Stimulation System Following Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Instillation.,"Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an advanced treatment in Parkinson's disease. We describe a 71-year-old patient in whom the DBS got infected with Mycobacterium bovis shortly after intravesical BCG instillations as an adjuvant treatment of bladder cancer. The DBS internal pulse generator and extension wires had to be replaced, and the patient was treated successfully with rifampicin, isoniazid, and ethambutol during three months. This case suggests that physicians need to be aware of the risk of this kind of infection and add a specific Mycobacterial test to the regular cultures."
5946,brain tumour,38788009,Targeting inflammation in glioblastoma: An updated review from pathophysiology to novel therapeutic approaches.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary malignant brain tumor with a dismal prognosis despite current treatment strategies. Inflammation plays an essential role in GBM pathophysiology, contributing to tumor growth, invasion, immunosuppression, and angiogenesis. As a result, pharmacological intervention with anti-inflammatory drugs has been used as a potential approach for the management of GBM. To provide an overview of the current understanding of GBM pathophysiology, potential therapeutic applications of anti-inflammatory drugs in GBM, conventional treatments of glioblastoma and emerging therapeutic approaches currently under investigation. A narrative review was carried out, scanning publications from 2000 to 2023 on PubMed and Google Scholar. The search was not guided by a set research question or a specific search method but rather focused on the area of interest. Conventional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have shown some benefits, but their effectiveness is limited by various factors such as tumor heterogeneity and resistance."
5947,brain tumour,38787994,"A multicenter, retrospective archive study of radiological and clinical features of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer patients and crizotinib efficacy.","To evaluate radiological and clinical features in metastatic anaplastic lymphoma kinase+ non-small cell lung cancer patients and crizotinib efficacy in different lines. This national, non-interventional, multicenter, retrospective archive screening study evaluated demographic, clinical, and radiological imaging features, and treatment approaches in patients treated between 2013-2017. Totally 367 patients (54.8% males, median age at diagnosis 54 years) were included. Of them, 45.4% were smokers, and 8.7% had a family history of lung cancer. On radiological findings, 55.9% of the tumors were located peripherally, 7.7% of the patients had cavitary lesions, and 42.9% presented with pleural effusion. Pleural effusion was higher in nonsmokers than in smokers (37.3% vs. 25.3%, P = .018). About 47.4% of cases developed distant metastases during treatment, most frequently to the brain (26.2%). Chemotherapy was the first line treatment in 55.0%. Objective response rate was 61.9% (complete response: 7.6%; partial response: 54.2%). The highest complete and partial response rates were observed in patients who received crizotinib as the 2nd line treatment. The median progression-free survival was 14 months (standard error: 1.4, 95% confidence interval: 11.2-16.8 months). Crizotinib treatment lines yielded similar progression-free survival (P = .078). The most frequent treatment-related adverse event was fatigue (14.7%). Adrenal gland metastasis was significantly higher in males and smokers, and pleural involvement and effusion were significantly higher in nonsmokers-a novel finding that has not been reported previously. The radiological and histological characteristics were consistent with the literature data, but several differences in clinical characteristics might be related to population characteristics."
5948,brain tumour,38787795,Electrical stimulation mapping guides individualized surgical approach in an epilepsy-associated tumor within language representing cortex.,No abstract found
5949,brain tumour,38787766,Photodynamic therapy using talaporfin sodium for non-totally resectable malignant glioma.,"For malignant glioma, intraoperative photodynamic therapy (PDT) using talaporfin sodium is a powerful tool for local tumor control, when gross total removal is performed. However, the efficacy of PDT for non-totally resectable malignant glioma has not been clearly confirmed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to clarify the usefulness of PDT using talaporfin sodium for non-totally resectable malignant glioma."
5950,brain tumour,38787497,The comparative effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and supernatant transplantation on demyelination and inflammation in cuprizone model.,Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with inflammation and immune dysfunction.
5951,brain tumour,38787339,Near-Infrared Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Detecting Endogenous Cu,"Copper participates in a range of critical functions in the nervous system and human brain. Disturbances in brain copper content is strongly associated with neurological diseases. For example, changes in the level and distribution of copper are reported in neuroblastoma, Alzheimer's disease, and Lewy body disorders, such as Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). There is a need for more sensitive techniques to measure intracellular copper levels to have a better understanding of the role of copper homeostasis in neuronal disorders. Here, we report a reaction-based near-infrared (NIR) ratiometric fluorescent probe "
5952,brain tumour,38787014,Advancements in Neurosurgical Intraoperative Histology.,"Despite their relatively low incidence globally, central nervous system (CNS) tumors remain amongst the most lethal cancers, with only a few other malignancies surpassing them in 5-year mortality rates. Treatment decisions for brain tumors heavily rely on histopathological analysis, particularly intraoperatively, to guide surgical interventions and optimize patient outcomes. Frozen sectioning has emerged as a vital intraoperative technique, allowing for highly accurate, rapid analysis of tissue samples, although it poses challenges regarding interpretive errors and tissue distortion. Raman histology, based on Raman spectroscopy, has shown great promise in providing label-free, molecular information for accurate intraoperative diagnosis, aiding in tumor resection and the identification of neurodegenerative disease. Techniques including Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS), Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS), Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS), and Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering (TERS) have profoundly enhanced the speed and resolution of Raman imaging. Similarly, Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (CLE) allows for real-time imaging and the rapid intraoperative histologic evaluation of specimens. While CLE is primarily utilized in gastrointestinal procedures, its application in neurosurgery is promising, particularly in the context of gliomas and meningiomas. This review focuses on discussing the immense progress in intraoperative histology within neurosurgery and provides insight into the impact of these advancements on enhancing patient outcomes."
5953,brain tumour,38786576,Imaging-Based Deep Learning for Predicting Desmoid Tumor Progression.,"Desmoid tumors (DTs) are non-metastasizing and locally aggressive soft-tissue mesenchymal neoplasms. Those that become enlarged often become locally invasive and cause significant morbidity. DTs have a varied pattern of clinical presentation, with up to 50-60% not growing after diagnosis and 20-30% shrinking or even disappearing after initial progression. Enlarging tumors are considered unstable and progressive. The management of symptomatic and enlarging DTs is challenging, and primarily consists of chemotherapy. Despite wide surgical resection, DTs carry a rate of local recurrence as high as 50%. There is a consensus that contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or, alternatively, computerized tomography (CT) is the preferred modality for monitoring DTs. Each uses Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1), which measures the largest diameter on axial, sagittal, or coronal series. This approach, however, reportedly lacks accuracy in detecting response to therapy and fails to detect tumor progression, thus calling for more sophisticated methods. The objective of this study was to detect unique features identified by deep learning that correlate with the future clinical course of the disease. Between 2006 and 2019, 51 patients (mean age 41.22 ± 15.5 years) who had a tissue diagnosis of DT were included in this retrospective single-center study. Each had undergone at least three MRI examinations (including a pretreatment baseline study), and each was followed by orthopedic oncology specialists for a median of 38.83 months (IQR 44.38). Tumor segmentations were performed on a T2 fat-suppressed treatment-naive MRI sequence, after which the segmented lesion was extracted to a three-dimensional file together with its DICOM file and run through deep learning software. The results of the algorithm were then compared to clinical data collected from the patients' medical files. There were 28 males (13 stable) and 23 females (15 stable) whose ages ranged from 19.07 to 83.33 years. The model was able to independently predict clinical progression as measured from the baseline MRI with an overall accuracy of 93% (93 ± 0.04) and ROC of 0.89 ± 0.08. Artificial intelligence may contribute to risk stratification and clinical decision-making in patients with DT by predicting which patients are likely to progress."
5954,brain tumour,38786304,In Vivo Classification and Characterization of Carotid Atherosclerotic Lesions with Integrated ,"The aim of this study was to exploit integrated PET/MRI to simultaneously evaluate the morphological, component, and metabolic features of advanced atherosclerotic plaques and explore their incremental value."
5955,brain tumour,38786294,IMPA-Net: Interpretable Multi-Part Attention Network for Trustworthy Brain Tumor Classification from MRI.,"Deep learning (DL) networks have shown attractive performance in medical image processing tasks such as brain tumor classification. However, they are often criticized as mysterious ""black boxes"". The opaqueness of the model and the reasoning process make it difficult for health workers to decide whether to trust the prediction outcomes. In this study, we develop an interpretable multi-part attention network (IMPA-Net) for brain tumor classification to enhance the interpretability and trustworthiness of classification outcomes. The proposed model not only predicts the tumor grade but also provides a global explanation for the model interpretability and a local explanation as justification for the proffered prediction. Global explanation is represented as a group of feature patterns that the model learns to distinguish high-grade glioma (HGG) and low-grade glioma (LGG) classes. Local explanation interprets the reasoning process of an individual prediction by calculating the similarity between the prototypical parts of the image and a group of pre-learned task-related features. Experiments conducted on the BraTS2017 dataset demonstrate that IMPA-Net is a verifiable model for the classification task. A percentage of 86% of feature patterns were assessed by two radiologists to be valid for representing task-relevant medical features. The model shows a classification accuracy of 92.12%, of which 81.17% were evaluated as trustworthy based on local explanations. Our interpretable model is a trustworthy model that can be used for decision aids for glioma classification. Compared with black-box CNNs, it allows health workers and patients to understand the reasoning process and trust the prediction outcomes."
5956,brain tumour,38786057,Mechanisms of Action in FLASH Radiotherapy: A Comprehensive Review of Physicochemical and Biological Processes on Cancerous and Normal Cells.,"The advent of FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) has brought forth a paradigm shift in cancer treatment, showcasing remarkable normal cell sparing effects with ultra-high dose rates (>40 Gy/s). This review delves into the multifaceted mechanisms underpinning the efficacy of FLASH effect, examining both physicochemical and biological hypotheses in cell biophysics. The physicochemical process encompasses oxygen depletion, reactive oxygen species, and free radical recombination. In parallel, the biological process explores the FLASH effect on the immune system and on blood vessels in treatment sites such as the brain, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, and subcutaneous tissue. This review investigated the selective targeting of cancer cells and the modulation of the tumor microenvironment through FLASH-RT. Examining these mechanisms, we explore the implications and challenges of integrating FLASH-RT into cancer treatment. The potential to spare normal cells, boost the immune response, and modify the tumor vasculature offers new therapeutic strategies. Despite progress in understanding FLASH-RT, this review highlights knowledge gaps, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize its clinical applications. The synthesis of physicochemical and biological insights serves as a comprehensive resource for cell biology, molecular biology, and biophysics researchers and clinicians navigating the evolution of FLASH-RT in cancer therapy."
5957,brain tumour,38786045,Glioblastoma Phagocytic Cell Death: Balancing the Opportunities for Therapeutic Manipulation.,"Macrophages and microglia are professional phagocytes that sense and migrate toward ""eat-me"" signals. The role of phagocytic cells is to maintain homeostasis by engulfing senescent or apoptotic cells, debris, and abnormally aggregated macromolecules. Usually, dying cells send out ""find-me"" signals, facilitating the recruitment of phagocytes. Healthy cells can also promote or inhibit the phagocytosis phenomenon of macrophages and microglia by tuning the balance between ""eat-me"" and ""don't-eat-me"" signals at different stages in their lifespan, while the ""don't-eat-me"" signals are often hijacked by tumor cells as a mechanism of immune evasion. Using a combination of bioinformatic analysis and spatial profiling, we delineate the balance of the ""don't-eat-me"" CD47/SIRPα and ""eat-me"" CALR/STC1 ligand-receptor interactions to guide therapeutic strategies that are being developed for glioblastoma sequestered in the central nervous system (CNS)."
5958,brain tumour,38786032,"Non-Tumor Cells within the Tumor Microenvironment-The ""Eminence Grise"" of the Glioblastoma Pathogenesis and Potential Targets for Therapy.","Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignancy of the central nervous system in adults. GBM has high levels of therapy failure and its prognosis is usually dismal. The phenotypic heterogeneity of the tumor cells, dynamic complexity of non-tumor cell populations within the GBM tumor microenvironment (TME), and their bi-directional cross-talk contribute to the challenges of current therapeutic approaches. Herein, we discuss the etiology of GBM, and describe several major types of non-tumor cells within its TME, their impact on GBM pathogenesis, and molecular mechanisms of such an impact. We also discuss their value as potential therapeutic targets or prognostic biomarkers, with reference to the most recent works on this subject. We conclude that unless all ""key player"" populations of non-tumor cells within the TME are considered, no breakthrough in developing treatment for GBM can be achieved."
5959,brain tumour,38786025,"The Role of FKBPs in Complex Disorders: Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Cancer, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","Stress is a common denominator of complex disorders and the FK-506 binding protein (FKBP)51 plays a central role in stress. Hence, it is not surprising that multiple studies imply the involvement of the FKBP51 protein and/or its coding gene, "
5960,brain tumour,38785634,Cascade Residual Multiscale Convolution and Mamba-Structured UNet for Advanced Brain Tumor Image Segmentation.,"In brain imaging segmentation, precise tumor delineation is crucial for diagnosis and treatment planning. Traditional approaches include convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which struggle with processing sequential data, and transformer models that face limitations in maintaining computational efficiency with large-scale data. This study introduces MambaBTS: a model that synergizes the strengths of CNNs and transformers, is inspired by the Mamba architecture, and integrates cascade residual multi-scale convolutional kernels. The model employs a mixed loss function that blends dice loss with cross-entropy to refine segmentation accuracy effectively. This novel approach reduces computational complexity, enhances the receptive field, and demonstrates superior performance for accurately segmenting brain tumors in MRI images. Experiments on the MICCAI BraTS 2019 dataset show that MambaBTS achieves dice coefficients of 0.8450 for the whole tumor (WT), 0.8606 for the tumor core (TC), and 0.7796 for the enhancing tumor (ET) and outperforms existing models in terms of accuracy, computational efficiency, and parameter efficiency. These results underscore the model's potential to offer a balanced, efficient, and effective segmentation method, overcoming the constraints of existing models and promising significant improvements in clinical diagnostics and planning."
5961,brain tumour,38785563,Decreased Memory and Learning Ability Mediated by Bmal1/M1 Macrophages/Angptl2/Inflammatory Cytokine Pathway in Mice Exposed to Long-Term Blue Light Irradiation.,"Humans are persistently exposed to massive amounts of blue light via sunlight, computers, smartphones, and similar devices. Although the positive and negative effects of blue light on living organisms have been reported, its impact on learning and memory remains unknown. Herein, we examined the effects of widespread blue light exposure on the learning and memory abilities of blue light-exposed mice. Ten-week-old male ICR mice were divided into five groups (five mice/group) and irradiated with blue light from a light-emitting diode daily for 6 months. After 6 months of blue light irradiation, mice exhibited a decline in memory and learning abilities, assessed using the Morris water maze and step-through passive avoidance paradigms. Blue light-irradiated mice exhibited a decreased expression of the clock gene brain and muscle arnt-like 1 (Bmal1). The number of microglia and levels of M1 macrophage CC-chemokine receptor 7 and inducible nitric oxide synthase were increased, accompanied by a decrease in M2 macrophage arginase-1 levels. Levels of angiopoietin-like protein 2 and inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β were elevated. Our findings suggest that long-term blue light exposure could reduce Bmal1 expression, activate the M1 macrophage/Angptl2/inflammatory cytokine pathway, induce neurodegeneration, and lead to a decline in memory."
5962,brain tumour,38785531,Expression of G2019S LRRK2 in Rat Primary Astrocytes Mediates Neurotoxicity and Alters the Dopamine Synthesis Pathway in N27 Cells via Astrocytic Proinflammatory Cytokines and Neurotrophic Factors.,"Astrocytes in the brain contribute to various essential functions, including maintenance of the neuronal framework, survival, communication, metabolic processes, and neurotransmitter levels. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 is expressed in neurons, microglia, and astrocytes and plays diverse roles in these cell types. We aimed to determine the effects of mutant human G2019S-LRRK2 (GS-hLRRK2) in rat primary astrocytes (rASTROs). Transfection with GS-hLRRK2 significantly decreased cell viability compared to transfection with the vector and wild-type human LRRK2 (WT-hLRRK2). GS-hLRRK2 expression significantly reduced the levels of nerve growth factor and increased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α) compared to the vector and WT-hLRRK2 expression. Furthermore, GS-hLRRK2 expression in rASTROs promoted astrogliosis, which was characterized by increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin. Treatment with the conditioned medium of G2019S LRRK2-expressing rASTROs decreased N27 cell viability compared to treatment with that of WT-hLRRK2-expressing rASTROs. Consequently, the regulation of the dopamine synthesis pathway was affected in N27 cells, thereby leading to altered levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter, Nurr1, and dopamine release. Overall, the G2019S LRRK2 mutation disrupted astrocyte function, thereby aggravating PD progression."
5963,brain tumour,38785461,Patients with Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis and Hydrocephalus-Feasibility of Combined Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt and Reservoir Insertion for Intrathecal Chemotherapy.,"Therapeutic management of patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) may require treatment of concomitant hydrocephalus (HC) in addition to intrathecal chemotherapy (ITC). Ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS) equipped with a valve for manual deactivation of shunt function and a concomitant reservoir for application of ITC pose an elegant solution to both problems. The present study evaluates indication, feasibility, and safety of such a modified shunt/reservoir design (mS/R). All patients with LC aged ≥ 18 years who had undergone mS/R implantation between 2013 and 2020 at the authors' institution were further analyzed. ITC was indicated following the recommendation of the neuro-oncological tumor board and performed according to a standardized protocol. Sixteen patients with LC underwent mS/R implantation for subsequent ITC and concomitant treatment of HC. Regarding HC-related clinical symptoms, 69% of patients preoperatively exhibited lethargy, 38% cognitive impairment, and 38% (additional) visual disturbances. Postoperatively, 86% of patients achieved subjective improvement of HC-related symptoms. Overall, postoperative complications occurred in three patients (19%). No patient encountered cancer treatment-related complications. The present study describes a combination procedure consisting of a standard VPS-system and a standard reservoir for patients suffering from LC and HC. No cancer treatment-related complications occurred, indicating straightforward handling and thus safety."
5964,brain tumour,38785440,Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Ependymoma in Pediatric and Adult Patients: A Single-Institution Experience.,Ependymoma is commonly classified as World Health Organization grade 2 with the anaplastic variant categorized as grade 3. Incomplete resection or anaplastic features can result in unfavorable outcomes. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) provides a minimally invasive approach for recurrent ependymomas. Our study investigates the efficacy and safety of SRS for grade 2 and 3 ependymomas in pediatric and adult populations.
5965,brain tumour,38785155,Targeting the Hippo pathway to prevent radioresistance brain metastases from the lung (Review).,"The prognosis for patients with non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a cancer type which represents 85% of all lung cancers, is poor with a 5‑year survival rate of 19%, mainly because NSCLC is diagnosed at an advanced and metastatic stage. Despite recent therapeutic advancements, ~50% of patients with NSCLC will develop brain metastases (BMs). Either surgical BM treatment alone for symptomatic patients and patients with single cerebral metastases, or in combination with stereotactic radiotherapy (RT) for patients who are not suitable for surgery or presenting with fewer than four cerebral lesions with a diameter range of 5‑30 mm, or whole‑brain RT for numerous or large BMs can be administered. However, radioresistance (RR) invariably prevents the action of RT. Several mechanisms of RR have been described including hypoxia, cellular stress, presence of cancer stem cells, dysregulation of apoptosis and/or autophagy, dysregulation of the cell cycle, changes in cellular metabolism, epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition, overexpression of programmed cell death‑ligand 1 and activation several signaling pathways; however, the role of the Hippo signaling pathway in RR is unclear. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway in NSCLC confers metastatic properties, and inhibitors targeting this pathway are currently in development. It is therefore essential to evaluate the effect of inhibiting the Hippo pathway, particularly the effector yes‑associated protein‑1, on cerebral metastases originating from lung cancer."
5966,brain tumour,38784952,BRAF V600E in a preclinical model of pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma: Analysis of the tumor microenvironment and immune cell infiltration dynamics ,"Low-grade glioma (LGG) is the most common brain tumor affecting pediatric patients (pLGG) and BRAF mutations constitute the most frequent genetic alterations. Within the spectrum of pLGGs, approximately 70%-80% of pediatric patients diagnosed with transforming pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) harbor the BRAF V600E mutation. However, the impact of glioma BRAF V600E cell regulation of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their contribution to tumor progression remains unclear. Moreover, the efficacy of BRAF inhibitors in treating pLGGs is limited compared with their impact on BRAF-mutated melanoma. Here we report a novel immunocompetent RCAS-BRAF V600E murine glioma model. Pathological assessment indicates this model seems to be consistent with diffuse gliomas and morphological features of PXA. Our investigations revealed distinct immune cell signatures associated with increased trafficking and activation within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Intriguingly, immune system activation within the TME also generated a pronounced inflammatory response associated with dysfunctional CD8"
5967,brain tumour,38784380,Systematic Review Between Resting-State fMRI and Task fMRI in Planning for Brain Tumour Surgery.,"As an alternative to task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (T-fMRI), resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) is suggested for preoperative mapping of patients with brain tumours, with an emphasis on treatment guidance and neurodegeneration prediction. A systematic review was conducted of 18 recent studies involving 1035 patients with brain tumours and Rs-fMRI protocols. This was accomplished by searching the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. For clinical benefit, we compared Rs-fMRI to standard T-fMRI and intraoperative direct cortical stimulation (DCS). The results of Rs-fMRI and T-fMRI were compared and their correlation with intraoperative DCS results was examined through a systematic review. Our exhaustive investigation demonstrated that Rs-fMRI is a dependable and sensitive preoperative mapping technique that detects neural networks in the brain with precision and identifies crucial functional regions in agreement with intraoperative DCS. Rs-fMRI comes in handy, especially in situations where T-fMRI proves to be difficult because of patient-specific factors. Additionally, our exhaustive investigation demonstrated that Rs-fMRI is a valuable tool in the preoperative screening and evaluation of brain tumours. Furthermore, its capability to assess brain function, forecast surgical results, and enhance decision-making may render it applicable in the clinical management of brain tumours."
5968,brain tumour,38784098,Stress-impaired reward pathway promotes distinct feeding behavior patterns.,"Although dietary behaviors are affected by neuropsychiatric disorders, various environmental conditions can have strong effects as well. We found that mice under multiple stresses, including social isolation, intermittent high-fat diet, and physical restraint, developed feeding behavior patterns characterized by a deviated bait approach (fixated feeding). All the tested stressors affected dopamine release at the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) shell and dopamine normalization reversed the feeding defects. Moreover, inhibition of dopaminergic activity in the ventral tegmental area that projects into the NAcc shell caused similar feeding pattern aberrations. Given that the deviations were not consistently accompanied by changes in the amount consumed or metabolic factors, the alterations in feeding behaviors likely reflect perturbations to a critical stress-associated pathway in the mesolimbic dopamine system. Thus, deviations in feeding behavior patterns that reflect reward system abnormalities can be sensitive biomarkers of psychosocial and physical stress."
5969,brain tumour,38783766,Maternal and Perinatal Factors Associated With Childhood Brain Tumors: A Case-Control Study in Vietnam.,Brain cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children and the majority of childhood brain tumors are diagnosed without determination of their underlying etiology. Little is known about risk factors for childhood brain tumors in Vietnam. The objective of this case-control study was to identify maternal and perinatal factors associated with brain tumors occurring in young Vietnamese children and adolescents.
5970,brain tumour,38783575,Accurate and comprehensive evaluation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation by nanopore sequencing.,"The methylation status of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter region is essential in evaluating the prognosis and predicting the drug response in patients with glioblastoma. In this study, we evaluated the utility of using nanopore long-read sequencing as a method for assessing methylation levels throughout the MGMT CpG-island, compared its performance to established techniques and demonstrated its clinical applicability."
5971,brain tumour,38783507,[Surgery for Pineal Region Tumors: Concept and Technical Aspects of Occipital Transtentorial Approach].,"This article describes the concept and technical aspects of the occipital transtentorial approach(OTA)for tumor extraction in the pineal region, based on the author's experience and literature review. Awareness of the successful completion of each surgical step is essential. Preoperative preparation and imaging evaluations, with particular attention to the veins and venous sinuses, are especially important. It is also helpful to perform a complete dura incision and inversion up to the edge of confluence, superior sagittal sinus, and transverse sinus. Subsequently, it is necessary to understand the usefulness of adequate dissection in the vicinity of the corpus callosum and internal occipital vein(IOV)so that the occipital lobe can be moved without difficulty. Furthermore, development of the IOV with adequate tentoriotomy facilitates contralateral work. Finally, complete understanding of each step during the bilateral, ambient cistern and cerebellomesencephalic fissure dissection process, where the cerebellar vermis can be moved without difficulty, is necessary for a safe OTA to pineal region tumor extraction."
5972,brain tumour,38783506,[Recent Progress in Treatments of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors(Pituitary Tumors)].,"In the World Health Organization 2022 classification, a nomenclature change from pituitary adenoma to pituitary neuroendocrine tumor(PitNET)was introduced to indicate rare but potentially malignant behavior. No grading system is available for PitNETs; therefore, the establishment of a system that corresponds to their clinical behavior is an urgent issue. Presently, this change has no direct influence on therapeutic strategies. Recently, the therapeutic outcomes of most patients with PitNETs have significantly improved owing to marked advancements in both surgical and medical treatments. The former includes the evolution of endoscopic surgery and technical refinements, whereas the latter includes the introduction of new effective drugs and increased knowledge and experience regarding their use, leading to personalized and/or precision medicine. Consequently, the treatment goals have advanced, encompassing endocrinological remission, successful management of comorbidities, increased health-related quality of life, and a normalized mortality rate. However, management of some aggressive and metastatic PitNETs remains difficult. Although temozolomide(TMZ)is considered a promising sole therapeutic option, recent reports have shown that TMZ does not provide long-term control in many cases. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary for the reliable prediction and successful management of aggressive tumors."
5973,brain tumour,38783459,RAPNO efforts in Brain Tumour Outcomes.,"Assessing treatment efficacy for brain tumours has evolved since its inception with the introduction of MacDonald's criteria, which pioneered the utility of imaging to determine an objective and quantifiable response to treatment. This criterion failed to distinguish pseudo response or progression from progression and did not account for non-enhancing disease therefore; the response assessment in neuro-oncology (RANO) working group was established to account for these limitations. Since, its commencement it has worked to determine response assessment for multiple tumours. As paediatric tumours exhibit heterogeneous and variable-enhancing characteristics, the response assessment in paediatric neuro-oncology (RAPNO) working group was formed to create separate criteria. Six response criteria have been published to date, and the article summarizes them."
5974,brain tumour,38783433,The effect of enhanced recovery after lung cancer surgery combined with fine surgical nursing on rehabilitation.,"To analyse the enhanced recovery after surgery approach combined with fine surgical nursing on recovery time, pain, sleep quality and satisfaction with care after lung cancer surgery."
5975,brain tumour,38783212,Epidemiology of primary brain tumor among adolescents and adults in Palestine: a retrospective study from 2018 to 2023.,"Primary brain tumors (PBTs) are uncommon, but they significantly increase the risk of disability and death. There is a deficiency of data concerning the epidemiology and anatomical distribution of PBTs among adults in Palestine."
5976,brain tumour,38782853,Celastrus orbiculatus Extract Inhibits Immune Inflammatory Thrombotic State of B-Lymphoma.,To investigate the inhibitory effect of Celastrus orbiculatus extracts (COE) on the proliferation of lymphoma cells and the immune regulation ability on inflammation and thrombophilia in vivo.
5977,brain tumour,38782678,Pediatric Cranial Vault Pathology.,"A wide variety of diagnoses can be approached with a common framework for diagnosis, extirpation, and reconstruction of pediatric cranial vault pathologies. Durability of reconstruction is critical for the range of pediatric patients from infancy to adolescence. Rigid reconstruction, preferably with autologous tissue when possible, promotes brain protection and satisfactory aesthetic outcome. Careful planning can allow for immediate definitive reconstruction of defects without need for further surgical intervention."
5978,brain tumour,38782593,"Identification of a Single-Dose, Low-Flip-Angle-Based CBV Threshold for Fractional Tumor Burden Mapping in Recurrent Glioblastoma.","DSC-MR imaging can be used to generate fractional tumor burden (FTB) maps via application of relative CBV thresholds to spatially differentiate glioblastoma recurrence from posttreatment radiation effects (PTRE). Image-localized histopathology was previously used to validate FTB maps derived from a reference DSC-MR imaging protocol by using preload, a moderate flip angle (MFA, 60°), and postprocessing leakage correction. Recently, a DSC-MR imaging protocol with a low flip angle (LFA, 30°) with no preload was shown to provide leakage-corrected relative CBV (rCBV) equivalent to the reference protocol. This study aimed to identify the rCBV thresholds for the LFA protocol that generate the most accurate FTB maps, concordant with those obtained from the reference MFA protocol."
5979,brain tumour,38782589,Differentiating Low-Grade from High-Grade Intracranial Ependymomas: Comparison of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging.,"The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of fractional plasma volume derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging versus ADC, obtained from DWI in differentiating between grade 2 (low-grade) and grade 3 (high-grade) intracranial ependymomas."
5980,brain tumour,38782497,Cellular signaling in glioblastoma: A molecular and clinical perspective.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor with an average life expectancy of less than 15 months. Such high patient mortality in GBM is pertaining to the presence of clinical and molecular heterogeneity attributed to various genetic and epigenetic alterations. Such alterations in critically important signaling pathways are attributed to aberrant gene signaling. Different subclasses of GBM show predominance of different genetic alterations and therefore, understanding the complex signaling pathways and their key molecular components in different subclasses of GBM is extremely important with respect to clinical management. In this book chapter, we summarize the common and important signaling pathways that play a significant role in different subclasses and discuss their therapeutic targeting approaches in terms of preclinical studies and clinical trials."
5981,brain tumour,38782103,Myoepithelial tumors of soft tissue and bone in children and young adults: A clinicopathologic study of 40 cases occurring in patients ≤ 21 Years of age.,"Myoepithelial tumors of the soft tissue and bone occurring in patients 21 years of age and younger are rare, and their clinicopathologic features remain incompletely understood. We studied a well-characterized series of 40 such tumors. Cases were retrieved from our archives for the period 2009-2022 and re-reviewed. Available immunohistochemical and molecular genetic data was collected. Clinical information including available follow-up was obtained. The tumors occurred in 18 males and 22 females, ranging from 3 months to 21 years of age (median 11.5 years), and involved a wide variety of soft tissue (n = 36) and bone (n = 4) locations. Histologically benign myoepithelial tumors tended to occur in adolescents (median age 14.5 years; range 5-21 years), whereas myoepithelial carcinomas occurred in younger patients (median age 8.5 years; range 3 months-20 years). Microscopically, the tumors showed a complex admixture of epithelioid, plasmacytoid and spindled cells in a variably hyalinized, myxoid, chondroid or chondromyxoid background. Small subsets of histologically malignant tumors had rhabdoid or ""round cell"" features. Immunohistochemistry showed 35/40 (88%) cases to be positive with at least one keratin antibody. The 5 keratin-negative tumors were uniformly positive for S100 protein and/or SOX10 and expressed EMA (4 cases) and/or p63 (3 cases). EMA, SMA and GFAP were positive in 21/25 (84%), 13/21 (62%), and 8/21 (38%) tumors, respectively. SMARCB1 and SMARCA4 expression was retained in 29/31 (94%) and 22/22 (100%) of cases, respectively. FISH for EWSR1 gene rearrangement was positive in 6/18 (33%) tested cases. Two EWSR1-negative tumors were also FUS-negative. NGS identified EWSR1::POU5F1, FUS::KLF17, and BRD4::CITED1 gene fusions in 3 tested cases. Clinical follow-up (22 patients; median 23 months; range 1-119 months) showed 3 patients with local recurrences and 5 with distant metastases (lymph nodes, lung, and brain). Three patients died of disease, 3 were alive with recurrent or unresectable disease, and 16 were disease-free. Adverse clinical outcomes were seen only in patients with malignant tumors. We conclude that myoepithelial neoplasms of soft tissue and bone are over-repesented in patients ≤21 years of age, more often histologically malignant, and potentially lethal. Histologic evaluation appears to reliably predict the behavior of these rare tumors."
5982,brain tumour,38781807,Glial and glioneuronal tumors: Navigating the complexity of evolving concepts and new classification.,"The World Health Organization (WHO) published the 5th edition classification of tumors of central nervous system in 2021, commonly abbreviated as WHO CNS5, which became the new standard for brain tumor diagnosis and therapy. This edition dramatically impacted tumor diagnostics. In short it introduced new tumors, changed the names of previously recognized tumors, and modified the working definition of previously known tumors. The new system appears complex due to the integration of morphological and multiple molecular criteria. The most radical changes occurred in the field of glial and glioneuronal tumors, which constitutes the lengthy first chapter of this new edition. Herein we present an illustrative outline of the evolving concepts of glial and glioneuronal tumors. We also attempt to explain the rationales behind this substantial change in tumor classification and the challenges to update and integrate it into clinical practice. We aim to present a concise and precise roadmap to aid navigation through the intricate conceptual framework of glial and glioneuronal tumors in the context of WHO CNS5."
5983,brain tumour,38781722,Pediatric Neuroglial Tumors: A Review of Ependymoma and Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor.,No abstract found
5984,brain tumour,38781565,Navigating the Complexities of Brain Metastases Management.,"The management of brain metastases, a potentially devastating complication of advanced cancers, has become increasingly complex with advancements in local and systemic therapies. Improved outcomes and extended survival for patients with metastatic solid tumors have led to a surge in the prevalence and possibly incidence of brain metastases, affecting up to 40% of individuals with solid tumors. Enhanced imaging technologies contribute to more accurate and early detection, shaping the understanding of the intricate landscape of this condition. Traditionally, surgery and radiation stood as the mainstays of treatment because of the limited efficacy of systemic therapies within the brain. However, emerging clinical data, particularly in melanoma, lung, and breast cancers, reveal promising results with novel systemic treatments such as immunotherapy and targeted therapies. Despite the historical exclusion of patients with active brain metastases from clinical trials, a shift is occurring toward a more inclusive approach. This chapter delves into the multifaceted challenges associated with managing brain metastases, with a focus on the evolving landscape of systemic approaches as well as the intricacies of shared decision making, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state and future directions in navigating the complexities of brain metastases management."
5985,brain tumour,38781546,Dabrafenib for Pilocytic Astrocytoma With ,"This report highlights the first pediatric case of pilocytic astrocytoma with BRAF V599ins mutation, successfully treated with dabrafenib."
5986,brain tumour,38781434,Cabergoline targets multiple pathways to inhibit PRL secretion and increases stromal fibrosis.,Unravel the potential mechanism(s) of the on- and off-target actions of dopamine agonist therapy in both human prolactinoma tumors and neighboring stromal and immune cells.
5987,brain tumour,38781104,Radiation and Chemo-Sensitizing Effects of DNA-PK Inhibitors Are Proportional in Tumors and Normal Tissues.,"Inhibitors of DNA-dependent protein kinase (PRKDC; DNA-PK) sensitize cancers to radiotherapy and DNA-damaging chemotherapies, with candidates in clinical trials. However, the degree to which DNA-PK inhibitors also sensitize normal tissues remains poorly characterized. In this study, we compare tumor growth control and normal tissue sensitization following DNA-PK inhibitors in combination with radiation and etoposide. FaDu tumor xenografts implanted in mice were treated with 10 to 15 Gy irradiation ± 3 to 100 mg/kg AZD7648. A dose-dependent increase in time to tumor volume doubling following AZD7648 was proportional to an increase in toxicity scores of the overlying skin. Similar effects were seen in the intestinal jejunum, tongue, and FaDu tumor xenografts of mice assessed for proliferation rates at 3.5 days after treatment with etoposide or 5 Gy whole body irradiation ± DNA-PK inhibitors AZD7648 or peposertib (M3814). Additional organs were examined for sensitivity to DNA-PK inhibitor activity in ATM-deficient mice, where DNA-PK activity is indicated by surrogate marker γH2AX. Inhibition was observed in the heart, brain, pancreas, thymus, tongue, and salivary glands of ATM-deficient mice treated with the DNA-PK inhibitors relative to radiation alone. Similar reductions are also seen in ATM-deficient FaDu tumor xenografts where both pDNA-PK and γH2AX staining could be performed. DNA-PK inhibitor-mediated sensitization to radiation and DNA-damaging chemotherapy are not only limited to tumor tissues, but also extends to normal tissues sustaining DNA damage. These data are useful for interpretation of the sensitizing effects of DNA damage repair inhibitors, where a therapeutic index showing greater cell-killing effects on cancer cells is crucial for optimal clinical translation."
5988,brain tumour,38781075,Protocol for preclinical evaluation of locoregionally delivered CAR T cells in patient-derived xenograft models of brain tumors.,"Here, we present a protocol for preclinical evaluation of locoregionally delivered CAR T cells in patient-derived xenograft models of primary, metastatic, and recurrent brain tumors. We provide instructions for isolating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), producing CAR T cells in conjunction with locoregional delivery, and preclinical trial design and analysis involving CAR T cells. Additionally, we describe comprehensive preclinical readouts and guidelines for critical endpoint sample collections. In line with clinical trial procedures, our protocol broadens available treatment modalities for direct clinical translation. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Donovan et al."
5989,brain tumour,38780840,The efficiency and safety of temozolomide and PD-1/L1 inhibitors in pretreated NSCLC with brain metastasis: a retrospective cohort.,"Previous research has shown that both temozolomide (TMZ) and PD-1/L1 inhibitors (PD-1/L1) alone exhibit certain potential in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with brain metastases (BM), in this study, we will explore combining the two in order to seek new effective treatment options for NSCLC with BM."
5990,brain tumour,38780714,Clinical Course after Carmustine Wafer Implantation for Newly Diagnosed Adult-type Diffuse Gliomas; A controlled propensity matched analysis of a single center cohort.,It remains unclear whether combining carmustine wafer (CW) implantation with the standard treatment for adult-type diffuse gliomas is safe and has a prognostic impact. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value and safety of CW implantation.
5991,brain tumour,38780524,Vasorin promotes endothelial differentiation of glioma stem cells via stimulating the transcription of VEGFR2.,"Gliomas are highly vascularized malignancies, but current anti-angiogenic treatments have not demonstrated practical improvements in patient survival. Studies have suggested that glioma-derived endothelial cell (GdEC) formed by glioma stem cell (GSC) differentiation may contribute to the failure of this treatment. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in GSC endothelial differentiation remain poorly understood. We previously reported that vasorin (VASN) is highly expressed in glioma and promotes angiogenesis. Here, we show that VASN expression positively correlates with GdEC signatures in glioma patients. VASN promotes the endothelial differentiation capacity of GSC in vitro and participates in the formation of GSC-derived vessels in vivo. Mechanistically, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is a critical factor that mediates the regulation of VASN on GSC endothelial differentiation. Separation of cell chromatin fractionation and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analysis show that VASN interacts with Notch1 and co-translocates into the cell nuclei, where VASN binds to the VEGFR2 gene promoter to stimulate its transcription during the progression of GSC differentiation into GdEC. Together, these findings elucidate the role and mechanisms of VASN in promoting the endothelial differentiation of GSC and suggest VASN as a potential target for anti-angiogenic therapy based on intervention in GdEC formation in gliomas."
5992,brain tumour,38780233,The critical role of neuroimaging in hemicrania continua: A systematic review and case series.,"Hemicrania continua is a primary unilateral headache characterized by ipsilateral parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic features. A key diagnostic criterion is its dramatic response to indomethacin treatment; however, various vascular or structural abnormalities have been reported to cause secondary hemicrania continua, presenting with clinical features similar to those of the primary headache presentation."
5993,brain tumour,38780229,Sellar spine mimicking pituitary mass in a child with growth hormone deficiency.,No abstract found
5994,brain tumour,38780147,Sulforaphane impaired immune checkpoint blockade therapy through activating ΔNP63α/PD-L1 axis in gastric cancer.,"Sulforaphane (SFN) exerts anticancer effect on various cancers including gastric cancer. However, the regulatory effect of SFN on programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and checkpoint blockade therapy in gastric cancer have not been elucidated. Here we demonstrated that SFN suppressed gastric cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo study. SFN upregulated PD-L1 expression through activating ΔNP63α in gastric cancer cells. Further, we found that SFN impaired the anticancer effect of anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (α-PD-L1 mab) on gastric cancer cells. These results uncover a novel PD-L1 regulatory mechanism and the double-edged role of SFN in gastric cancer intervention."
5995,brain tumour,38780071,NIR-II Light-Driven Genetically Engineered Exosome Nanocatalysts for Efficient Phototherapy against Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) poses a significant therapeutic challenge due to its invasive nature and limited drug penetration through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In response, here we present an innovative biomimetic approach involving the development of genetically engineered exosome nanocatalysts (Mn@Bi"
5996,brain tumour,38779936,Desmoplastic non-infantile ganglioglioma mimicking diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor: precision diagnostics and therapeutic implications.,No abstract found
5997,brain tumour,38779904,A case series of non-small cell lung cancer patients with ,Germline pathogenic mutations in 
5998,brain tumour,38779679,Neutrophils in glioma microenvironment: from immune function to immunotherapy.,"Glioma is a malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, effective treatment options for gliomas are still lacking. Neutrophils, as an important member of the tumor microenvironment (TME), are widely distributed in circulation. Recently, the discovery of cranial-meningeal channels and intracranial lymphatic vessels has provided new insights into the origins of neutrophils in the CNS. Neutrophils in the brain may originate more from the skull and adjacent vertebral bone marrow. They cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) under the action of chemokines and enter the brain parenchyma, subsequently migrating to the glioma TME and undergoing phenotypic changes upon contact with tumor cells. Under glycolytic metabolism model, neutrophils show complex and dual functions in different stages of cancer progression, including participation in the malignant progression, immune suppression, and anti-tumor effects of gliomas. Additionally, neutrophils in the TME interact with other immune cells, playing a crucial role in cancer immunotherapy. Targeting neutrophils may be a novel generation of immunotherapy and improve the efficacy of cancer treatments. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of neutrophils infiltrating the central nervous system from the external environment, detailing the origin, functions, classifications, and targeted therapies of neutrophils in the context of glioma."
5999,brain tumour,38779293,Obstructive Hydrocephalus Due to Aggressive Posterior Fossa Tumor Exhibiting Histological Characteristics of Pilocytic Astrocytoma in Two Adult Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) Cases.,"Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant syndrome caused by germline alteration of the NF1gene. Among various NF1-related manifestations, obstructive hydrocephalus especially in adult NF1 cases is less frequently found. We report two adult NF1 cases exhibiting obstructive hydrocephalus due to an aggressive posterior fossa tumor exhibiting pathological characteristics of pilocytic astrocytoma as NF1-related manifestations. In these two cases, we performed endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and tumor biopsy as an initial treatment. The initial pathological diagnosis of the tumor is conventional pilocytic astrocytoma. After biopsy both cases revealed rapid tumor growth, therefore, we performed tumor removal, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy during an aggressive clinical course. However, both cases revealed dismal prognosis due to the progression of the tumor in spite of successful management of hydrocephalus by an initial ETV. DNA methylation analysis revealed that the tumor of one case matched high-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP). Most central nervous system tumors developed in NF1 are less aggressive such as pilocytic astrocytoma; however, recently a few studies revealed that HGAP, which has been a newly introduced malignant tumor in the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, 5th edition (WHO CNS 5), rarely develops in NF1 cases. These findings suggested that HGAP might be one of the important causes of obstructive hydrocephalus in adult NF1 cases."
6000,brain tumour,38779136,Oncogenic role of RNA-binding protein GNL2 in glioma: Promotion of tumor development through enhancing protein synthesis.,"RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are aberrantly expressed in various diseases, including glioma. In the present study, the role and mechanism of RBPs in glioma were investigated. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in glioma were screened from public databases and overlapping genes between DEGs and RBPs were selected in a bioinformatics analysis to identify the hub gene. Next, evaluation of expression, survival analysis and cell experiments were performed to examine the impact of the hub gene on glioma. Through bioinformatics analysis, G protein nucleolar 2 (GNL2), programmed cell death 11 (PDCD11) and ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) were identified as potential biomarkers in glioma prognosis and GNL2 was chosen as the hub gene for further investigation. GNL2 was increased in glioma tissues and related to poor survival outcomes. Cell experiments revealed that GNL2 knockdown inhibited glioma cell growth, migration and invasion. In addition, GNL2 was found to affect the overall protein synthesis of ribosomal protein L11 in glioma cells. In conclusion, GNL2, PDCD11 and RPS6 may serve as potential biomarkers in glioma prognosis. Importantly, GNL2 acts as an oncogene in glioma and it enhances protein synthesis to promote the development of brain glioma."
6001,brain tumour,38779095,Advances in determining the gross tumor target volume for radiotherapy of brain metastases.,"Brain metastases (BMs) are the most prevalent intracranial malignant tumors in adults and are the leading cause of mortality attributed to malignant brain diseases. Radiotherapy (RT) plays a critical role in the treatment of BMs, with local RT techniques such as stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)/stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) showing remarkable therapeutic effectiveness. The precise determination of gross tumor target volume (GTV) is crucial for ensuring the effectiveness of SRS/SBRT. Multimodal imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, and PET are extensively used for the diagnosis of BMs and GTV determination. With the development of functional imaging and artificial intelligence (AI) technology, there are more innovative ways to determine GTV for BMs, which significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of the determination. This article provides an overview of the progress in GTV determination for RT in BMs."
6002,brain tumour,38778925,Non-targeted effects of radiation therapy for glioblastoma.,"Radiotherapy is recommended for the treatment of brain tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM) and brain metastases. Various curative and palliative scenarios suggest improved local-regional control. Although the underlying mechanisms are not yet clear, additional therapeutic effects have been described, including proximity and abscopal reactions at the treatment site. Clinical and preclinical data suggest that the immune system plays an essential role in regulating the non-targeted effects of radiotherapy for GBM. This article reviews current biological mechanisms for regulating the non-targeted effects caused by external and internal radiotherapy, and how they might be applied in a clinical context. Optimization of therapeutic regimens requires assessment of the complexity of the host immune system on the activity of immunosuppressive or immunostimulatory cells, such as glioma-associated macrophages and microglia. This article also discusses recent preclinical models adapted to post-radiotherapy responses. This narrative review explores and discusses the current status of immune responses both locally "
6003,brain tumour,38778828,Modern Radiation Treatment Planning Parameters and Outcomes in Pediatric Tectal Gliomas.,"Pediatric low-grade tectal gliomas are rare, indolent tumors of the brain stem. We reviewed outcomes of pediatric patients who received a diagnosis of low-grade tectal gliomas and report dosimetric parameters for those receiving radiation therapy (RT)."
6004,brain tumour,38778816,HIF2A mediates lineage transition to aggressive phenotype of cancer-associated fibroblasts in lung cancer brain metastasis.,"Brain metastasis is the most devasting form of lung cancer. Recent studies highlight significant differences in the tumor microenvironment (TME) between lung cancer brain metastasis (LCBM) and primary lung cancer, which contribute significantly to tumor progression and drug resistance. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the major component of pro-tumor TME with high plasticity. However, the lineage composition and function of CAFs in LCBM remain elusive. By reanalyzing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data (GSE131907) from lung cancer patients with different stages of metastasis comprising primary lesions and brain metastasis, we found that CAFs undergo distinctive lineage transition during LCBM under a hypoxic situation, which is directly driven by hypoxia-induced HIF-2α activation. Transited CAFs enhance angiogenesis through VEGF pathways, trigger metabolic reprogramming, and promote the growth of tumor cells. Bulk RNA sequencing data was utilized as validation cohorts. Multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) assay was performed on four paired samples of brain metastasis and their primary lung cancer counterparts to validate the findings. Our study revealed a novel mechanism of lung cancer brain metastasis featuring HIF-2α-induced lineage transition and functional alteration of CAFs, which offers potential therapeutic targets."
6005,brain tumour,38778568,Use of neurofilament light chain to identify structural brain diseases in dogs.,Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is released into the peripheral circulation by damaged axons.
6006,brain tumour,38778512,Validation of mobile phone use recall in the multinational MOBI-kids study.,"Potential differential and non-differential recall error in mobile phone use (MPU) in the multinational MOBI-Kids case-control study were evaluated. We compared self-reported MPU with network operator billing record data up to 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years before the interview date from 702 subjects aged between 10 and 24 years in eight countries. Spearman rank correlations, Kappa coefficients and geometric mean ratios (GMRs) were used. No material differences in MPU recall estimates between cases and controls were observed. The Spearman rank correlation coefficients between self-reported and recorded MPU in the most recent 3 months were 0.57 and 0.59 for call number and for call duration, respectively. The number of calls was on average underestimated by the participants (GMR = 0.69), while the duration of calls was overestimated (GMR = 1.59). Country, years since start of using a mobile phone, age at time of interview, and sex did not appear to influence recall accuracy for either call number or call duration. A trend in recall error was seen with level of self-reported MPU, with underestimation of use at lower levels and overestimation of use at higher levels for both number and duration of calls. Although both systematic and random errors in self-reported MPU among participants were observed, there was no evidence of differential recall error between cases and controls. Nonetheless, these sources of exposure measurement error warrant consideration in interpretation of the MOBI-Kids case-control study results on the association between children's use of mobile phones and potential brain cancer risk."
6007,brain tumour,38778465,"Triple Tumors (Neuroendocrine Tumor, Schwannoma, and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma) With Brain Lesions in a Single Patient Demonstrating Avidity on 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT and Their Characterization With FDG-PET/CT and Brain MRI.","Neuroendocrine tumor (NET) typically spreads to the liver, lymph nodes, lungs, and skeleton. Brain metastasis in NET is uncommon. Therefore, each case of detected brain metastases in NET is crucial for the development of treatment guidelines for these types of tumors. We present a unique case of triple tumors (NET, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and schwannoma) in a single patient who presented with neurological symptoms and somatostatin receptor-avid T2 hyperintense multiple metastatic brain lesions from NET on 68 Ga-DOTATATE-PET/CT scan and brain MRI. Despite the rarity of brain metastases in NET, we conclude that the presence of neurological sign or symptoms and/or the detection of somatostatin receptor-avid brain lesions in patients with NET should raise suspicion of brain metastases."
6008,brain tumour,38778441,Retrospective experience of children with relapsed brain tumors treated with oral combination of axitinib and metronomic etoposide.,"Metronomic chemotherapy-based combinations have received interest for relapsed/refractory malignancies. Preclinical and clinical studies showed activity of metronomic etoposide and axitinib. We report our retrospective experience in six children treated with axitinib and metronomic etoposide for refractory/relapsed brain tumors as an ""off-label"" combination. Three patients with medulloblastoma experienced partial response; one patient with atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) displays an ongoing stable disease (12 months); two patients with medulloblastoma had progressive disease. Grade 3-4 toxicities were observed in two patients (thrombocytopenia, anemia, diarrhea, fatigue). The axitinib-etoposide combination shows signals of efficacy in heavily pretreated patients with relapsed/refractory brain tumors. These results were based on real-world observation and will need formal evaluation in a phase I/II trial."
6009,brain tumour,38778430,"Ecotoxicological effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on common carp: Insights into blood parameters, DNA damage, and gene expression.","Plastics are ubiquitous in modern society due to their cost-effectiveness, lightweight nature, and versatility. However, their extensive use and inadequate recycling have led to a significant environmental challenge, with plastic waste accumulating rapidly and causing ecological and health problems, especially in aquatic environments. Nanoplastics, particles ranging from 1 to 100 nm, have emerged as a particularly concerning subset due to their ability to easily penetrate biological barriers and accumulate in tissues. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of carboxylate-modified polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) on common carp (Cyprinus carpio), a species often used in ecotoxicology research due to its ability to accumulate pollutants. The PS-NPs were characterized, and their effects on DNA damage gene expression related to oxidative stress and immunity were examined. PS-NPs with a diameter of 20-30 nm were found to possess a spherical shape and negatively charged surfaces. Exposure to PS-NPs led to significant DNA damage in the blood and brain cells of common carp, with higher concentrations resulting in more severe damage. Additionally, PS-NP exposure influenced the expression of genes related to antioxidative defense and stress response in the liver. Specifically, genes encoding superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) showed upregulation, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) exhibited downregulation at higher PS-NP concentrations. Furthermore, the immune-related genes interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) displayed dose-dependent downregulation in the liver tissue. These findings suggest that exposure to PS-NPs induces oxidative stress, disrupts immune responses, and causes DNA damage in common carp. The results highlight the need for further research on the environmental impacts of PS-NPs and underscore the importance of proper waste management and recycling practices to mitigate plastic pollution."
6010,brain tumour,38778005,Catastrophic tumefactive acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in patient with dengue virus: a case report.,"Tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDL) are a rare occurrence among inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, distinguished by tumor-like lesions exceeding 2 cm in diameter. While various etiologies have been associated with TDL, only a limited number of case reports document the coexistence of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and TDL. Here, we present the case of a female diagnosed with dengue fever two weeks prior, who subsequently developed left hemiparesis and encephalopathy. Both her brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical course align with the characteristics of tumefactive ADEM."
6011,brain tumour,38777813,The association between hematologic traits and aneurysm-related subarachnoid hemorrhage: a two-sample mendelian randomization study.,"Several hematologic traits have been suggested to potentially contribute to the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IA). The purpose of this study is to explore the causal association between hematologic traits and the risk of IA. To explore the causal association between hematologic traits and the risk of IA, we employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Two independent summary-level GWAS data were used for preliminary and replicated MR analyses. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was employed as the primary method in the MR analyses. The stabilities of the results were further confirmed by a meta-analysis. In the preliminary MR analysis, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.0047), basophil count (p = 0.0219) had a suggestive inverse causal relationship with the risk of aneurysm-associated subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The monocyte percentage of white cells (p = 0.00956) was suggestively positively causally correlated with the risk of aSAH. In the replicated MR analysis, only the monocyte percentage of white cells (p = 0.00297) remained consistent with the MR results in the preliminary analysis. The hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and basophil count no longer showed significant causal relationship (p > 0.05). Meta-analysis results further confirmed that only the MR result of monocyte percentage of white cells reached significance in the random effect model and fixed effect model. None of the 25 hematologic traits was causally associated with the risk of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (uIA). This study revealed a suggestive positive association between the monocyte percentage of white cells and the risk of aSAH. This finding contributes to a better understanding that monocytes/macrophages could participate in the risk of aSAH."
6012,brain tumour,38777812,Androgen deprivation induces neuroendocrine phenotypes in prostate cancer cells through CREB1/EZH2-mediated downregulation of REST.,"Although effective initially, prolonged androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) promotes neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) and prostate cancer (PCa) progression. It is incompletely understood how ADT transcriptionally induces NE genes in PCa cells. CREB1 and REST are known to positively and negatively regulate neuronal gene expression in the brain, respectively. No direct link between these two master neuronal regulators has been elucidated in the NED of PCa. We show that REST mRNA is downregulated in NEPC cell and mouse models, as well as in patient samples. Phenotypically, REST overexpression increases ADT sensitivity, represses NE genes, inhibits colony formation in culture, and xenograft tumor growth of PCa cells. As expected, ADT downregulates REST in PCa cells in culture and in mouse xenografts. Interestingly, CREB1 signaling represses REST expression. In studying the largely unclear mechanism underlying transcriptional repression of REST by ADT, we found that REST is a direct target of EZH2 epigenetic repression. Finally, genetic rescue experiments demonstrated that ADT induces NED through EZH2's repression of REST, which is enhanced by ADT-activated CREB1 signaling. In summary, our study has revealed a key pathway underlying NE gene upregulation by ADT, as well as established novel relationships between CREB1 and REST, and between EZH2 and REST, which may also have implications in other cancer types and in neurobiology."
6013,brain tumour,38777808,E-cadherin expression and gene expression profiles in corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor subtypes.,"Corticotroph adenomas/pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Predictors of tumor behavior have not shown high prognostic accuracy. For somatotroph adenomas/PitNETs, E-cadherin expression correlates strongly with prognosis. E-cadherin expression has not been investigated in other PitNETs. A retrospective chart review of adults with corticotroph adenomas/PitNETs was conducted to assess correlation between E-cadherin expression and tumor characteristics. In addition, gene expression microarray was performed in subset of tumors (n = 16). Seventy-seven patients were identified; 71% were female, with median age of cohort 45.2 years. Seventy-five percent had macroadenomas, of which 22% were hormonally active. Ninety-five percent of microadenomas were hormonally active. Adrenocorticotropic hormone granulation pattern by IHC identified 63% as densely granulated (DG) and 34% as sparsely granulated (SG). All microadenomas were DG (p < .001); 50% of macroadenomas were DG associated with increased tumor invasion compared to SG. E-cadherin IHC was positive in 80%, diminished in 17%, and absent in 20% and did not correlate with corticotroph PitNETs subtype, size, or prognosis. In contrast to the distinct transcriptomes of corticotroph PitNETs and normal pituitaries, a comparison of clinically active and silent corticotroph PitNETs demonstrated similar molecular signatures indicating their common origin, but with unique differences related to their secretory status."
6014,brain tumour,38777680,Intracranial CAR-T cell delivery in glioblastoma patients.,"Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is emerging as a promising approach for improving outcomes in high-grade glioma. Here, we highlight three recent studies that reported safety and feasibility of intracranial CAR-T cell administration in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) as well as preliminary evidence of potential responses, supporting further investigations of this approach."
6015,brain tumour,38777448,Nutritional status and clinical outcomes of brain tumor surgery in pediatric intensive care unit: A prospective cohort study.,To determine whether nutritional status affects mortality and length of stay in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) after brain tumor surgery.
6016,brain tumour,38777286,IRF7 overexpression alleviates CFA-induced inflammatory pain by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in rats.,"It is known that nerve signals arising from sites of inflammation lead to persistent changes in the spinal cord and contribute to the amplification and persistence of pain. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been completely elucidated. We identified differentially expressed genes in the lumbar (L4-L6) segment of the spinal cord from complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) rats compared to control animals via high throughput sequencing. Based on differential gene expression analysis, we selected interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) for follow-up experiments to explore its antinociceptive potential."
6017,brain tumour,38777285,"Tai Chi compared with cognitive behavioral therapy and the reversal of systemic, cellular and genomic markers of inflammation in breast cancer survivors with insomnia: A randomized clinical trial.",Insomnia contributes to inflammation in breast cancer survivors. This study evaluates whether insomnia treatment reverses inflammation in breast cancer survivors with insomnia.
6018,brain tumour,38777282,Interleukin-1β moderates the relationships between middle frontal-mACC/insular connectivity and depressive symptoms in bipolar II depression.,"The functional alterations of the brain in bipolar II depression (BDII-D) and their clinical and inflammatory associations are understudied. We aim to investigate the functional brain alterations in BDII-D and their relationships with inflammation, childhood adversity, and psychiatric symptoms, and to examine the moderating effects among these factors. Using z-normalized amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (zALFF), we assessed the whole-brain resting-state functional activity between 147 BDII-D individuals and 150 healthy controls (HCs). Differential ALFF regions were selected as seeds for functional connectivity analysis to observe brain connectivity alterations resulting from abnormal regional activity. Four inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and five clinical scales including Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were tested and assessed in BDII-D. Partial correlations with multiple comparison corrections identified relationships between brain function and inflammation, childhood adversity, and psychiatric symptoms. Moderation analysis was conducted based on correlation results and previous findings. Compared to HCs, BDII-D individuals displayed significantly lower zALFF in the superior and middle frontal gyri (SFG and MFG) and insula, but higher zALFF in the occipital-temporal area. Only the MFG and insula-related connectivity exhibited significant differences between groups. Within BDII-D, lower right insula zALFF value correlated with higher IL-6, CRP, and emotional adversity scores, while lower right MFG zALFF was related to higher CRP and physical abuse scores. Higher right MFG-mid-anterior cingulate cortex (mACC) connectivity was associated with higher IL-1β. Moreover, IL-1β moderated associations between higher right MFG-mACC/insula connectivity and greater depressive symptoms. This study reveals that abnormal functional alterations in the right MFG and right insula were associated with elevated inflammation, childhood adversity, and depressive symptoms in BDII-D. IL-1β may moderate the relationship between MFG-related connectivity and depressive symptoms."
6019,brain tumour,38777100,Targeting the reprogrammed metabolism in H3.3K27M pediatric high-grade gliomas.,"Recent studies in Diffuse Midline Gliomas (DMG) demonstrated a strong connection between epigenome dysregulation and metabolic rewiring. Here, we evaluated the value of targeting a glycolytic protein named Phosphofructo-2-kinase/Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) in H3.3K27M DMG. We observed that the viability of H3.3K27M cells is dramatically reduced by PFK15, a potent inhibitor of PFKFB3. Furthermore, PFKFB3 inhibition induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest. Interestingly, CRISPR-Knockout of the K27M mutant allele has a synergistic effect on the observed phenotype. Altogether, we identified PFKFB3 as a new target for H3.3K27M DMG, making PFK15 a potential candidate for future animal studies and clinical trials."
6020,brain tumour,38776978,Potentially Life-Threatening Interaction between Opioids and Intrathecal Baclofen in Individuals with a Childhood-Onset Neurological Disorder: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.,"Spasticity and dystonia are movement impairments that can occur in childhood-onset neurological disorders. Severely affected individuals can be treated with intrathecal baclofen (ITB). Concomitant use of ITB and opioids has been associated with central nervous system (CNS) depression. This study aims to describe the clinical management of this interaction, based on a case series and review of literature."
6021,brain tumour,38776737,Effect of luteolin on glioblastoma's immune microenvironment and tumor growth suppression.,"Glioblastoma is the most malignant and prevalent primary human brain tumor, and the immunological microenvironment controlled by glioma stem cells is one of the essential elements contributing to its malignancy. The use of medications to ameliorate the tumor microenvironment may give a new approach for glioma treatment."
6022,brain tumour,38776448,Clinical Characteristics and Delayed Diagnosis of Pediatric Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With a Newly Diagnosed Central Nervous System Tumor: A Single Institutional Experience.,"Due to the varied symptomatology and inconsistent features on neurologic exam, central nervous system (CNS) tumors are difficult to diagnosis in a timely manner."
6023,brain tumour,38776049,eEF1A1 regulates the expression and alternative splicing of genes associated with Parkinson's disease in U251 cells.,"Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A1 (eEF1A1) is an RNA-binding protein that is associated with PARK2 activity in cells, suggesting a possible role in Parkinson's disease (PD)."
6024,brain tumour,38776034,ITGB4 is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with lung adenocarcinoma brain metastasis.,The aim of this study is to explore the prognostic value and immune signature of ITGB4 expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) brain metastasis.
6025,brain tumour,38775957,Radiotherapy for pediatric low-grade glioma.,"Radiotherapy is a highly effective treatment for pediatric low-grade glioma, serving as the standard for evaluating progression-free and overall survival, as well as vision preservation. Despite its proven efficacy, concerns about treatment complications have led to increased use of chemotherapy and targeted therapy, which are associated with poorer progression-free survival outcomes."
6026,brain tumour,38775886,Identification of established and novel extracellular matrix components in glioblastoma as targets for angiogenesis and prognosis.,"Glioblastomas (GBM) are aggressive tumors known for their heterogeneity, rapid proliferation, treatment resistance, and extensive vasculature. Angiogenesis, the formation of new vessels, involves endothelial cell (EC) migration and proliferation. Various extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules regulate EC survival, migration, and proliferation. Culturing human brain EC (HBMEC) on GBM-derived ECM revealed a decrease in EC numbers compared to controls. Through in silico analysis, we explored ECM gene expression differences between GBM and brain normal glia cells and the impact of GBM microenvironment on EC ECM transcripts. ECM molecules such as collagen alpha chains (COL4A1, COL4A2, p < 0.0001); laminin alpha (LAMA4), beta (LAMB2), and gamma (LAMC1) chains (p < 0.0005); neurocan (NCAN), brevican (BCAN) and versican (VCAN) (p < 0.0005); hyaluronan synthase (HAS) 2 and metalloprotease (MMP) 2 (p < 0.005); MMP inhibitors (TIMP1-4, p < 0.0005), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFB1) and integrin alpha (ITGA3/5) (p < 0.05) and beta (ITGB1, p < 0.0005) chains showed increased expression in GBM. Additionally, GBM-influenced EC exhibited elevated expression of COL5A3, COL6A1, COL22A1 and COL27A1 (p < 0.01); LAMA1, LAMB1 (p < 0.001); fibulins (FBLN1/2, p < 0.01); MMP9, HAS1, ITGA3, TGFB1, and wingless-related integration site 9B (WNT9B) (p < 0.01) compared to normal EC. Some of these molecules: COL5A1/3, COL6A1, COL22/27A1, FBLN1/2, ITGA3/5, ITGB1 and LAMA1/B1 (p < 0.01); NCAN, HAS1, MMP2/9, TIMP1/2 and TGFB1 (p < 0.05) correlated with GBM patient survival. In conclusion, this study identified both established and novel ECM molecules regulating GBM angiogenesis, suggesting NCAN and COL27A1 are new potential prognostic biomarkers for GBM."
6027,brain tumour,38775791,Improved brain metastases segmentation using generative adversarial network and conditional random field optimization mask R-CNN.,"In radiotherapy, the delineation of the gross tumor volume (GTV) in brain metastases using computed tomography (CT) simulation localization is very important. However, despite the criticality of this process, a pronounced gap exists in the availability of tools tailored for the automatic segmentation of the GTV based on CT simulation localization images."
6028,brain tumour,38775730,miR-101a-3p/ROCK2 axis regulates neuronal injury in Parkinson's disease models.,Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). This study focuses on deciphering the role of microRNA (miR)-101a-3p in the neuronal injury of PD and its regulatory mechanism.
6029,brain tumour,38775670,Two-Stage Training Framework Using Multicontrast MRI Radiomics for ,Purpose To develop a radiomics framework for preoperative MRI-based prediction of isocitrate dehydrogenase (
6030,brain tumour,38775506,Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and formation of migrasome increases in the glioma cells induced by the adipokinetic hormone.,"It has been previously shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor is linked with various types of cancer. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is found to be highly expressed in multiple human cancers and associated with tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Adipokinetic hormones are functionally related to the vertebrate glucagon, as they have similar functionalities that manage the nutrient-dependent secretion of these two hormones. Migrasomes are new organelles that contain numerous small vesicles, which aid in transmitting signals between the migrating cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Anax imperator adipokinetic hormone on brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and ultrastructure of cells in the C6 glioma cell line."
6031,brain tumour,38775448,A neuropsychological profile for high-grade primary central nervous system neuroendocrine tumor (CNS NET): a single-case study.,
6032,brain tumour,38775127,Noninvasive therapy of brain cancer using a unique systemic delivery methodology with a cancer terminator virus.,"Primary, glioblastoma, and secondary brain tumors, from metastases outside the brain, are among the most aggressive and therapeutically resistant cancers. A physiological barrier protecting the brain, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), functions as a deterrent to effective therapies. To enhance cancer therapy, we developed a cancer terminator virus (CTV), a unique tropism-modified adenovirus consisting of serotype 3 fiber knob on an otherwise Ad5 capsid that replicates in a cancer-selective manner and simultaneously produces a potent therapeutic cytokine, melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (MDA-7/IL-24). A limitation of the CTV and most other viruses, including adenoviruses, is an inability to deliver systemically to treat brain tumors because of the BBB, nonspecific virus trapping, and immune clearance. These obstacles to effective viral therapy of brain cancer have now been overcome using focused ultrasound with a dual microbubble treatment, the focused ultrasound-double microbubble (FUS-DMB) approach. Proof-of-principle is now provided indicating that the BBB can be safely and transiently opened, and the CTV can then be administered in a second set of complement-treated microbubbles and released in the brain using focused ultrasound. Moreover, the FUS-DMB can be used to deliver the CTV multiple times in animals with glioblastoma  growing in their brain thereby resulting in a further enhancement in survival. This strategy permits efficient therapy of primary and secondary brain tumors enhancing animal survival without promoting harmful toxic or behavioral side effects. Additionally, when combined with a standard of care therapy, Temozolomide, a further increase in survival is achieved. The FUS-DMB approach with the CTV highlights a noninvasive strategy to treat brain cancers without surgery. This innovative delivery scheme combined with the therapeutic efficacy of the CTV provides a novel potential translational therapeutic approach for brain cancers."
6033,brain tumour,38774932,Cost of Healthcare Services in Geriatric Neuro-oncology: A descriptive Analysis.,"The percentage of brain tumor incidence exceeds 50% in the geriatric population admitted at Khoula Hospital (a tertiary care hospital in Oman) as compared to the younger population, furthermore, geriatric patients impose a higher cost of healthcare in general. Therefore, geriatric tumor care is causing a significant burden on the healthcare service in Oman. For this reason, we have developed this study to identify the cost of care for this group."
6034,brain tumour,38774471,Upstream open reading frames: new players in the landscape of cancer gene regulation.,"The translation of RNA by ribosomes represents a central biological process and one of the most dysregulated processes in cancer. While translation is traditionally thought to occur exclusively in the protein-coding regions of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), recent transcriptome-wide approaches have shown abundant ribosome activity across diverse stretches of RNA transcripts. The most common type of this kind of ribosome activity occurs in gene leader sequences, also known as 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) of the mRNA, that precede the main coding sequence. Translation of these upstream open reading frames (uORFs) is now known to occur in upwards of 25% of all protein-coding genes. With diverse functions from RNA regulation to microprotein generation, uORFs are rapidly igniting a new arena of cancer biology, where they are linked to cancer genetics, cancer signaling, and tumor-immune interactions. This review focuses on the contributions of uORFs and their associated 5'UTR sequences to cancer biology."
6035,brain tumour,38774470,,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain tumor in adults. To identify genes differentially required for the viability of GBM stem-like cells (GSCs), we performed functional genomic lethality screens comparing GSCs and control human neural stem cells. Among top-scoring hits in a subset of GBM cells was the F-box-containing gene "
6036,brain tumour,38774326,Comparative efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in patients with advanced driver-gene negative non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.,To evaluate the efficacy of different combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chemotherapy (CT) in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
6037,brain tumour,38774284,Current immunotherapeutic approaches to diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.,"Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is an aggressive brain tumour that occurs in the pons of the brainstem and accounts for over 80% of all brainstem gliomas. The median age at diagnosis is 6-7 years old, with less than 10% overall survival 2 years after diagnosis and less than 1% after 5 years. DIPGs are surgically inaccessible, and radiation therapy provides only transient benefit, with death ensuing from relentless local tumour infiltration. DIPGs are now the leading cause of brain tumour deaths in children, with a societal cancer burden in years of life lost (YLL) of more than 67 per individual, "
6038,brain tumour,38774283,Cellular diversity through space and time: adding new dimensions to GBM therapeutic development.,"The current median survival for glioblastoma (GBM) patients is only about 16 months, with many patients succumbing to the disease in just a matter of months, making it the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer in adults. This poor outcome is, in part, due to the lack of new treatment options with only one FDA-approved treatment in the last decade. Advances in sequencing techniques and transcriptomic analyses have revealed a vast degree of heterogeneity in GBM, from inter-patient diversity to intra-tumoral cellular variability. These cutting-edge approaches are providing new molecular insights highlighting a critical role for the tumor microenvironment (TME) as a driver of cellular plasticity and phenotypic heterogeneity. With this expanded molecular toolbox, the influence of TME factors, including endogenous (e.g., oxygen and nutrient availability and interactions with non-malignant cells) and iatrogenically induced (e.g., post-therapeutic intervention) stimuli, on tumor cell states can be explored to a greater depth. There exists a critical need for interrogating the temporal and spatial aspects of patient tumors at a high, cell-level resolution to identify therapeutically targetable states, interactions and mechanisms. In this review, we discuss advancements in our understanding of spatiotemporal diversity in GBM with an emphasis on the influence of hypoxia and immune cell interactions on tumor cell heterogeneity. Additionally, we describe specific high-resolution spatially resolved methodologies and their potential to expand the impact of pre-clinical GBM studies. Finally, we highlight clinical attempts at targeting hypoxia- and immune-related mechanisms of malignancy and the potential therapeutic opportunities afforded by single-cell and spatial exploration of GBM patient specimens."
6039,brain tumour,38774096,Novel cancer-fighting role of ticagrelor inhibits GTSE1-induced EMT by regulating PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway in malignant glioma.,"Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor of the central nervous system. Despite of the improvement of therapeutic strategy, the prognosis of malignant glioma patients underwent by STUPP strategy is still unexpected. Previous studies have suggested that ticagrelor exerted chemotherapeutic effects by inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in various diseases including tumors. However, whether ticagrelor can exhibit the antitumor efficiency in glioma by affecting the EMT process is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the cancer-fighting role of ticagrelor and demonstrated its chemotherapeutic mechanism in glioma."
6040,brain tumour,38773970,CRISPR-Cas9 library screening combined with an exosome-targeted delivery system addresses tumorigenesis/TMZ resistance in the mesenchymal subtype of glioblastoma.,
6041,brain tumour,38773947,Enrollment Trends Among Patients with Melanoma Brain Metastasis in Active Clinical Trials.,"The CNS is a common site for distant metastasis and treatment failure in melanoma patients. This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion rate of patients with melanoma brain metastases (MBM) in prospective clinical trials. 69.3% of trials excluded MBM patients based on their CNS disease. In univariate analysis, trials not employing immunotherapy ("
6042,brain tumour,38773742,EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: Therapeutic targeting of chemoresistant and recurrent glioblastoma stem cells with a proapoptotic variant of oncolytic herpes simplex virus.,"Nusrat Jahan, Jae M. Lee, Khalid Shah, Hiroaki Wakimoto, ""Therapeutic targeting of chemoresistant and recurrent glioblastoma stem cells with a proapoptotic variant of oncolytic herpes simplex virus"", International Journal of Cancer 141, no. 8 (2017): 1671-1681. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.30811. This Expression of Concern is for the above article, published online on 31 May 2017, in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), and has been published by agreement between the authors, the journal's Editor-in-Chief, Christoph Plass, the Union for International Cancer Control and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Expression of Concern has been agreed following concerns raised regarding figure 4g and 5d. The Control (PBS) 4X DAPI image in figure 5d was found to contain elements similar to the Control (PBS) DAPI image presented in figure 4g. The authors admitted that they had mistakenly supplied the incorrect image to represent DAPI in figure 5d. Since the original DAPI image for figure 5d is no longer available, this issue could not be resolved. The journal has decided to issue an Expression of Concern to alert the readers."
6043,brain tumour,38773643,High-precision stereotactic irradiation for focal drug-resistant epilepsy versus standard treatment: a randomized waitlist-controlled trial (the PRECISION trial).,"The standard treatment for patients with focal drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) who are not eligible for open brain surgery is the continuation of anti-seizure medication (ASM) and neuromodulation. This treatment does not cure epilepsy but only decreases severity. The PRECISION trial offers a non-invasive, possibly curative intervention for these patients, which consist of a single stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) treatment. Previous studies have shown promising results of SRT in this patient population. Nevertheless, this intervention is not yet available and reimbursed in the Netherlands. We hypothesize that: SRT is a superior treatment option compared to palliative standard of care, for patients with focal DRE, not eligible for open surgery, resulting in a higher reduction of seizure frequency (with 50% of the patients reaching a 75% seizure frequency reduction at 2 years follow-up)."
6044,brain tumour,38773634,MR-based radiomics predictive modelling of EGFR mutation and HER2 overexpression in metastatic brain adenocarcinoma: a two-centre study.,"Magnetic resonance (MR)-based radiomics features of brain metastases are utilised to predict epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression in adenocarcinoma, with the aim to identify the most predictive MR sequence."
6045,brain tumour,38773620,Deformable registration of magnetic resonance images using unsupervised deep learning in neuro-/radiation oncology.,"Accurate deformable registration of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans containing pathologies is challenging due to changes in tissue appearance. In this paper, we developed a novel automated three-dimensional (3D) convolutional U-Net based deformable image registration (ConvUNet-DIR) method using unsupervised learning to establish correspondence between baseline pre-operative and follow-up MRI scans of patients with brain glioma."
6046,brain tumour,38773599,Breakthroughs in choroid plexus and CSF biology from the first European Choroid plexus Scientific Forum (ECSF).,"The European Choroid plexus Scientific Forum (ECSF), held in Heidelberg, Germany between the 7th and 9th of November 2023, involved 21 speakers from eight countries. ECSF focused on discussing cutting-edge fundamental and medical research related to the development and functions of the choroid plexus and its implications for health, aging, and disease, including choroid plexus tumors. In addition to new findings in this expanding field, innovative approaches, animal models and 3D in vitro models were showcased to encourage further investigation into choroid plexus and cerebrospinal fluid roles."
6047,brain tumour,38773447,mRNA markers for survival prediction in glioblastoma multiforme patients: a systematic review with bioinformatic analyses.,Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a type of fast-growing brain glioma associated with a very poor prognosis. This study aims to identify key genes whose expression is associated with the overall survival (OS) in patients with GBM.
6048,brain tumour,38773391,Refining neural network algorithms for accurate brain tumor classification in MRI imagery.,"Brain tumor diagnosis using MRI scans poses significant challenges due to the complex nature of tumor appearances and variations. Traditional methods often require extensive manual intervention and are prone to human error, leading to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Current approaches primarily include manual examination by radiologists and conventional machine learning techniques. These methods rely heavily on feature extraction and classification algorithms, which may not capture the intricate patterns present in brain MRI images. Conventional techniques often suffer from limited accuracy and generalizability, mainly due to the high variability in tumor appearance and the subjective nature of manual interpretation. Additionally, traditional machine learning models may struggle with the high-dimensional data inherent in MRI images. To address these limitations, our research introduces a deep learning-based model utilizing convolutional neural networks (CNNs).Our model employs a sequential CNN architecture with multiple convolutional, max-pooling, and dropout layers, followed by dense layers for classification. The proposed model demonstrates a significant improvement in diagnostic accuracy, achieving an overall accuracy of 98% on the test dataset. The proposed model demonstrates a significant improvement in diagnostic accuracy, achieving an overall accuracy of 98% on the test dataset. The precision, recall, and F1-scores ranging from 97 to 98% with a roc-auc ranging from 99 to 100% for each tumor category further substantiate the model's effectiveness. Additionally, the utilization of Grad-CAM visualizations provides insights into the model's decision-making process, enhancing interpretability. This research addresses the pressing need for enhanced diagnostic accuracy in identifying brain tumors through MRI imaging, tackling challenges such as variability in tumor appearance and the need for rapid, reliable diagnostic tools."
6049,brain tumour,38773328,RNA-binding protein PTENα blocks RIG-I activation to prevent viral inflammation.,"A timely inflammatory response is crucial for early viral defense, but uncontrolled inflammation harms the host. Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) has a pivotal role in detecting RNA viruses, yet the regulatory mechanisms governing its sensitivity remain elusive. Here we identify PTENα, an N-terminally extended form of PTEN, as an RNA-binding protein with a preference for the CAUC(G/U)UCAU motif. Using both in vivo and in vitro viral infection assays, we demonstrated that PTENα restricted the host innate immune response, relying on its RNA-binding capacity and phosphatase activity. Mechanistically, PTENα directly bound to viral RNA and enzymatically converted its 5'-triphosphate to 5'-monophosphate, thereby reducing RIG-I sensitivity. Physiologically, brain-intrinsic PTENα exerted protective effects against viral inflammation, while peripheral PTENα restricted host antiviral immunity and, to some extent, promoted viral replication. Collectively, our findings underscore the significance of PTENα in modulating viral RNA- and RIG-I-mediated immune recognition, offering potential therapeutic implications for infectious diseases."
6050,brain tumour,38773265,Precision immuno-oncology approach for four malignant tumors in siblings with constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome.,"Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) is a rare syndrome characterized by an increased incidence of cancer. It is caused by biallelic germline mutations in one of the four mismatch repair genes (MMR) genes: MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2. Accurate diagnosis accompanied by a proper molecular genetic examination plays a crucial role in cancer management and also has implications for other family members. In this report, we share the impact of the diagnosis and challenges during the clinical management of two brothers with CMMRD from a non-consanguineous family harbouring compound heterozygous variants in the PMS2 gene. Both brothers presented with different phenotypic manifestations and cancer spectrum. Treatment involving immune checkpoint inhibitors significantly contributed to prolonged survival in both patients affected by lethal gliomas. The uniform hypermutation also allowed immune-directed treatment using nivolumab for the B-cell lymphoma, thereby limiting the intensive chemotherapy exposure in this young patient who remains at risk for subsequent malignancies."
6051,brain tumour,38773237,"Previously reported CCDC26 risk variant and novel germline variants in GALNT13, AR, and MYO10 associated with familial glioma in Finland.","Predisposing factors underlying familial aggregation of non-syndromic gliomas are still to be uncovered. Whole-exome sequencing was performed in four Finnish families with brain tumors to identify rare predisposing variants. A total of 417 detected exome variants and 102 previously reported glioma-related variants were further genotyped in 19 Finnish families with brain tumors using targeted sequencing. Rare damaging variants in GALNT13, MYO10 and AR were identified. Two families carried either c.553C>T (R185C) or c.1214T>A (L405Q) on GALNT13. Variant c.553C>T is located on the substrate-binding site of GALNT13. AR c.2180G>T (R727L), which is located on a ligand-binding domain of AR, was detected in two families, one of which also carried a GALNT13 variant. MYO10 c.4448A>G (N1483S) was detected in two families and c.1511C>T (A504V) variant was detected in one family. Both variants are located on functional domains related to MYO10 activity in filopodia formation. In addition, affected cases in six families carried a known glioma risk variant rs55705857 in CCDC26 and low-risk glioma variants. These novel findings indicate polygenic inheritance of familial glioma in Finland and increase our understanding of the genetic contribution to familial glioma susceptibility."
6052,brain tumour,38772981,Unveiling precision: role of adaptive radiotherapy in reshaping customized care for metastatic brain tumors.,No abstract found
6053,brain tumour,38772927,Clinical presentation and surgical outcomes of very large and giant pituitary adenomas: 80 cases in a cohort study of 306 patients with pituitary adenomas.,To identify differences in the presentation and surgical outcomes between very large (30-39 mm) and giant (≥ 40 mm) (LARGE group) pituitary adenomas (PAs) compared to the smaller group (< 30 mm) (non-LARGE group).
6054,brain tumour,38772881,"Design, synthesis and neuroprotective biological evaluation of novel HDAC6 inhibitors incorporating benzothiadiazinyl systems as cap groups.","Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), as the key regulatory enzyme, plays an important role in the development of the nervous system. More and more studies indicate that HDAC6 has become a promising therapeutic target for CNS diseases. Herein we designed and synthesized a series of novel HDAC6 inhibitors with benzothiadiazinyl systems as cap groups and evaluated their activity in vitro and in vivo. Among them, compound 3 exhibited superior selective inhibitory activity against HDAC6 (IC"
6055,brain tumour,38772871,"Synchronous skull base and spinal metastases in a patient with treatment-resistant, high-grade serous adenocarcinoma of tubo-ovarian origin.","Brain metastases (BMs) arising from ovarian cancer remain rare. Spinal cord metastases are even rarer, accounting for just 0.4% of total metastatic spinal cord compressions. In this report, we describe a case of a woman in her 70s who developed sequential brain and spinal cord metastases during her treatment for high-grade serous ovarian cancer, without a germline or somatic "
6056,brain tumour,38772771,Developing Clinically Applicable Heuristics to Identify At-Risk Patients for a Prolonged Length of Stay After Endoscopic Resection of Pituitary Adenoma.,No abstract found
6057,brain tumour,38772476,Incidence of hippocampal and perihippocampal brain metastases and impact on hippocampal-avoiding radiotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"In patients requiring prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) or whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for brain metastases (BMs), hippocampal avoidance (HA) has been shown to preserve neurocognitive function and quality of life. Here, we aim to estimate the incidence of hippocampal and perihippocampal BMs and the subsequent risk of local undertreatment in patients undergoing hippocampal sparing radiotherapy."
6058,brain tumour,38772190,"""Positioning of tucatinib in the new clinical scenario of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: An Italian and Spanish consensus paper"".","Advancements in monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) have notably enhanced outcomes for metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Despite the expanding treatment options and clinical complexities, determining the optimal sequence of HER2-targeted therapies remains partly uncertain, influenced by various factors."
6059,brain tumour,38771871,Physical immune escape: Weakened mechanical communication leads to escape of metastatic colorectal carcinoma cells from macrophages.,"The significance of biochemical cues in the tumor immune microenvironment in affecting cancer metastasis is well established, but the role of physical factors in the microenvironment remains largely unexplored. In this article, we investigated how the mechanical interaction between cancer cells and immune cells, mediated by extracellular matrix (ECM), influences immune escape of cancer cells. We focus on the mechanical regulation of macrophages' targeting ability on two distinct types of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells with different metastatic potentials. Our results show that macrophages can effectively target CRC cells with low metastatic potential, due to the strong contraction exhibited by the cancer cells on the ECM, and that cancer cells with high metastatic potential demonstrated weakened contractions on the ECM and can thus evade macrophage attack to achieve immune escape. Our findings regarding the intricate mechanical interactions between immune cells and cancer cells can serve as a crucial reference for further exploration of cancer immunotherapy strategies."
6060,brain tumour,38771708,Effects of Recall and Selection Biases on Modeling Cancer Risk From Mobile Phone Use: Results From a Case-Control Simulation Study.,"The largest case-control study (Interphone study) investigating glioma risk related to mobile phone use showed a J-shaped relationship with reduced relative risks for moderate use and a 40% increased relative risk among the 10% heaviest regular mobile phone users, using a categorical risk model based on deciles of lifetime duration of use among ever regular users."
6061,brain tumour,38771697,Effectiveness of combined first-line medical treatment in acromegaly with prolactin cosecretion.,The aim of this study is to compare the response to first-line medical treatment in treatment-naive acromegaly patients with pure growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma (GH-PA) and those with GH and prolactin cosecreting PA (GH&PRL-PA).
6062,brain tumour,38771655,BET bromodomain inhibition potentiates radiosensitivity in models of H3K27-altered diffuse midline glioma.,"Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) H3K27-altered is one of the most malignant childhood cancers. Radiation therapy remains the only effective treatment yet provides a 5-year survival rate of only 1%. Several clinical trials have attempted to enhance radiation antitumor activity using radiosensitizing agents, although none have been successful. Given this, there is a critical need for identifying effective therapeutics to enhance radiation sensitivity for the treatment of DMG. Using high-throughput radiosensitivity screening, we identified bromo- and extraterminal domain (BET) protein inhibitors as potent radiosensitizers in DMG cells. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of BET bromodomain activity reduced DMG cell proliferation and enhanced radiation-induced DNA damage by inhibiting DNA repair pathways. RNA-Seq and the CUT&RUN (cleavage under targets and release using nuclease) analysis showed that BET bromodomain inhibitors regulated the expression of DNA repair genes mediated by H3K27 acetylation at enhancers. BET bromodomain inhibitors enhanced DMG radiation response in patient-derived xenografts as well as genetically engineered mouse models. Together, our results highlight BET bromodomain inhibitors as potential radiosensitizer and provide a rationale for developing combination therapy with radiation for the treatment of DMG."
6063,brain tumour,38771514,Concomitant metastatic head-and-neck cancer and pancreatic cancer assessed by αvβ6-integrin PET/CT using ,[Image: see text]
6064,brain tumour,38771413,"Hsa_circ_0004872 mitigates proliferation, metastasis and immune escape of meningioma cells by suppressing PD-L1.","Meningioma is a prevalent intracranial malignancy known for its aggressive growth. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a crucial role in the development of various cancers. However, their involvement in meningioma remains understudied. This study aimed to investigate the function and underlying mechanism of hsa_circ_0004872 in meningioma. The molecular expression of hsa_circ_0004872, PD-L1 and EIF4A3 was identified by RT-qPCR and/or western blot assays. Cell viability, migration, and invasion were assessed through CCK-8 and Transwell assays, respectively. Cytotoxicity was determined using an LDH assay, and cell apoptosis was monitored by flow cytometry. The RNA and protein interactions were assessed through RNA-protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull down analyses. Our findings revealed that hsa_circ_0004872 expression was significantly downregulated in both meningioma tissue samples and cells. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0004872 inhibited the proliferation, metastasis, and immune escape of meningioma cells, as well as enhanced the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells by suppressing PD-L1. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0004872 directly interacted with EIF4A3, leading to the degradation of PD-L1 mRNA. Finally, inhibiting EIF4A3 improved the proliferation, metastasis, and immune escape of meningioma cells, as well as the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. Our study demonstrated that hsa_circ_0004872 mitigated the proliferation, metastasis,and immune escape of meningioma cells by targeting the EIF4A3/PD-L1 axis. These findings suggested that hsa_circ_0004872 and EIF4A3 might serve as promising biological markers and therapeutic targets for meningioma treatment."
6065,brain tumour,38771092,"Pilot Validation of a 3-Dimensional Printed Pituitary Adenoma, Vascular Injury, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Surgical Simulator.",Endoscopic skull base surgery is a subspecialty field which would benefit significantly from high-fidelity surgical simulators. Giving trainees the opportunity to flatten their learning curve by practicing a variety of procedures on surgical simulators will inevitably improve patient outcomes.
6066,brain tumour,38770953,Systemic Inflammatory Effect of Hypobaria During Aeromedical Evacuation after Porcine Traumatic Brain Injury.,"Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related morbidity is caused largely by secondary injury resulting from hypoxia, excessive sympathetic drive, and uncontrolled inflammation. Aeromedical evacuation (AE) is used by the military for transport of wounded soldiers to higher levels of care. We hypothesized that the hypobaric, hypoxic conditions of AE may exacerbate uncontrolled inflammation after TBI that could contribute to more severe TBI-related secondary injury."
6067,brain tumour,38770948,Multiple Synergistic Effects of the Microglia Membrane-Bionic Nanoplatform on Mediate Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling to Amplify Glioblastoma Immunotherapy.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor with high levels of malignancy. Most chemotherapy agents show serious systemic cytotoxicity and restricted delivery effectiveness due to the impediments of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Immunotherapy has developed great potential for aggressive tumor treatments. Disappointingly, its efficacy against GBM is hindered by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and BBB. Herein, a multiple synergistic immunotherapeutic strategy against GBM was developed based on the nanomaterial-biology interaction. We have demonstrated that this BM@MnP-BSA-aPD-1 can transverse the BBB and target the TME, resulting in amplified synergetic effects of metalloimmunotherapy and photothermal immunotherapy (PTT). The journey of this nanoformulation within the TME contributed to the activation of the stimulator of the interferon gene pathway, the initiation of the immunogenic cell death effect, and the inhibition of the programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) signaling axis. This nanomedicine revitalizes the immunosuppressive TME and evokes the cascade effect of antitumor immunity. Therefore, the combination of BM@MnP-BSA-aPD-1 and PTT without chemotherapeutics presents favorable benefits in anti-GBM immunotherapy and exhibits immense potential for clinical translational applications."
6068,brain tumour,38770775,Consensus review on strategies to improve delivery across the blood-brain barrier including focused ultrasound.,"Drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) has been a major challenge for CNS tumors due to the impermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). There has been a multitude of techniques aimed at overcoming the BBB obstacle aimed at utilizing natural transport mechanisms or bypassing the BBB which we review here. Another approach that has generated recent interest in the recently published literature is to use new technologies (Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy, LITT; or Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound, LIFU) to temporarily increase BBB permeability. This review overviews the advantages, disadvantages, and major advances of each method. LIFU has been a major area of research to allow for chemotherapeutics to cross the BBB which has a particular emphasis in this review. While most of the advances remain in animal studies, there are an increasing number of translational clinical trials that will have results in the next few years."
6069,brain tumour,38770568,DNA damage response in brain tumors: A Society for Neuro-Oncology consensus review on mechanisms and translational efforts in neuro-oncology.,"DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms are critical to maintenance of overall genomic stability, and their dysfunction can contribute to oncogenesis. Significant advances in our understanding of DDR pathways have raised the possibility of developing therapies that exploit these processes. In this expert-driven consensus review, we examine mechanisms of response to DNA damage, progress in development of DDR inhibitors in IDH-wild-type glioblastoma and IDH-mutant gliomas, and other important considerations such as biomarker development, preclinical models, combination therapies, mechanisms of resistance and clinical trial design considerations."
6070,brain tumour,38770389,Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis from breast cancer initially mimicking cerebral infarction on MRI.,"A female patient in her early 50s with breast cancer underwent breast-conserving surgery, followed by radiation therapy. She developed multiple lung and bone metastases and was started on chemotherapy with bevacizumab and paclitaxel 3 years later. After 6 months of chemotherapy, she developed a decline in conversation and memory. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted and showed multiple cortical and subcortical lesions and nodules with restricted diffusion but with no contrast enhancement on gadolinium (Gd) enhanced T1-weighted image, raising a suspicion of Trousseau's syndrome. A follow-up MRI revealed unchanged signal intensity of the lesions but with minimal enlargement. The cerebrospinal fluid cytology was negative for malignancy. Consequently, an open biopsy of the cortical lesion was conducted. Histopathology showed that the tumor cells were morphologically similar to the primary breast cancer extending from the brain surface along the Virchow-Robin spaces, which yielded a diagnosis of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis from breast cancer. Contrast enhancement on Gd-MRI may be impaired in case of tumor spread along the perivascular space or in patients treated with bevacizumab."
6071,brain tumour,38770322,Effects of d-allose on anti-brain edema effects and reduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in the water intoxication model.,"Rare sugars, which exist only in very small quantities in nature, have recently attracted attention for their various biological functions in medicine. Among them, d-allose is known to have cytoprotective effects by antioxidant effects. In this study, we investigated whether the antioxidant effects of d-allose reduce brain edema in a water intoxication model of cytotoxic brain edema. Methods: Mice were injected intraperitoneally with distilled water (10 % of body weight) to create a model of brain edema. d-allose was administered orally at 400 mg/kg 30 min before the model was created. Two hours later, the degree of brain edema was measured by the dry-weight method to determine whether d-allose reduced brain edema. As an index of antioxidant effects, we measured changes over time in inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6) induced by the water intoxication model, and whether d-allose reduced inflammatory cytokines 4 h after model creation. Results: Administration of d-allose significantly suppressed brain edema formation of the water-intoxication model. And it significantly reduced inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6). These results suggest that the antioxidant effect of d-allose exerts an anti-inflammatory effect and reduces brain edema."
6072,brain tumour,38770220,Nonclinical pharmacodynamics of boron neutron capture therapy using direct intratumoral administration of a folate receptor targeting novel boron carrier.,"Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a precise particle radiation therapy known for its unique cellular targeting ability. The development of innovative boron carriers is crucial for the advancement of BNCT technologies. Our previous study demonstrated the potential of PBC-IP administered via convection-enhanced delivery (CED) in an F98 rat glioma model. This approach significantly extended rat survival in neutron irradiation experiments, with half achieving long-term survival, akin to a cure, in a rat brain tumor model. Our commitment to clinical applicability has spurred additional nonclinical pharmacodynamic research, including an investigation into the effects of cannula position and the time elapsed post-CED administration."
6073,brain tumour,38770219,A brain metastasis liquid biopsy: Where are we now?,"Brain metastases remain a challenging and feared complication for patients with cancer and research in this area has lagged behind research into metastases to other organs. Due to their location and the risks associated with neurosurgical biopsies, the biology underpinning brain metastases response to treatment and evolution over time remains poorly understood. Liquid biopsies are proposed to overcome many of the limitations present with tissue biopsies, providing a better representation of tumor heterogeneity, facilitating repeated sampling, and providing a noninvasive assessment of tumor biology. Several different liquid biopsy approaches have been investigated including circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, extracellular vesicles, and tumor-educated platelets; however, these have generally been less effective in assessing brain metastases compared to metastases to other organs requiring improved techniques to investigate these approaches, studies combining different liquid biopsy approaches and/or novel liquid biopsy approaches. Through this review, we highlight the current state of the art and define key unanswered questions related to brain metastases liquid biopsies."
6074,brain tumour,38770179,Review of Recent Improvements in Carbon Ion Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Glioblastoma.,"This article provides an overview of the physical and biologic properties of carbon ions, followed by an examination of the latest clinical outcomes in patients with glioma who have received carbon ion radiation therapy."
6075,brain tumour,38769921,Anchorage Dependence and Cancer Metastasis.,"The process of cancer metastasis is dependent on the cancer cells' capacity to detach from the primary tumor, endure in a suspended state, and establish colonies in other locations. Anchorage dependence, which refers to the cells' reliance on attachment to the extracellular matrix (ECM), is a critical determinant of cellular shape, dynamics, behavior, and, ultimately, cell fate in nonmalignant and cancer cells. Anchorage-independent growth is a characteristic feature of cells resistant to anoikis, a programmed cell death process triggered by detachment from the ECM. This ability to grow and survive without attachment to a substrate is a crucial stage in the progression of metastasis. The recently discovered phenomenon named ""adherent-to-suspension transition (AST)"" alters the requirement for anchoring and enhances survival in a suspended state. AST is controlled by four transcription factors (IKAROS family zinc finger 1, nuclear factor erythroid 2, BTG anti-proliferation factor 2, and interferon regulatory factor 8) and can detach cells without undergoing the typical epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Notably, AST factors are highly expressed in circulating tumor cells compared to their attached counterparts, indicating their crucial role in the spread of cancer. Crucially, the suppression of AST substantially reduces metastasis while sparing primary tumors. These findings open up possibilities for developing targeted therapies that inhibit metastasis and emphasize the importance of AST, leading to a fundamental change in our comprehension of how cancer spreads."
6076,brain tumour,38769789,Survival Predictive Nomograms for Non-Surgical Brain Metastases Patients From Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Radiotherapy: A Population-Based Study.,A high number of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastasis who have not had surgery often have a negative outlook. Radiotherapy remains a most common and effective method. Nomograms were developed to forecast the cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) in NSCLC individuals with nonoperative brain metastases who underwent radiotherapy.
6077,brain tumour,38769745,Analysis of MRI features and associated factors of the pituitary neuroendocrine tumor streaky sign.,"Observation of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors with streaky sign on MRI, analysis of their features on imaging and further investigation of the relationship between the direction of the streak sign and the direction of optimal tumor expansion."
6078,brain tumour,38769725,Unraveling the hypoxic puzzle: LncRNA LUCAT1 drives glioblastoma in cooperation with HIF1α.,No abstract found
6079,brain tumour,38769668,Targeting c-Myc transactivation by LMNA inhibits tRNA processing essential for malate-aspartate shuttle and tumour progression.,"A series of studies have demonstrated the emerging involvement of transfer RNA (tRNA) processing during the progression of tumours. Nevertheless, the roles and regulating mechanisms of tRNA processing genes in neuroblastoma (NB), the prevalent malignant tumour outside the brain in children, are yet unknown."
6080,brain tumour,38769659,Three-dimensional chromatin landscapes in somatotroph tumour.,"The three-dimensional (3D) genome architecture plays a critical role inregulating gene expression. However, the specific alterations in thisarchitecture within somatotroph tumors and their implications for gene expression remain largely unexplored."
6081,brain tumour,38769450,Efficacy-effectiveness analysis on survival in a population-based real-world study of BRAF-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with encorafenib-cetuximab.,Encorafenib-cetuximab has been approved for pretreated BRAF
6082,brain tumour,38769169,Rapid DNA methylation-based classification of pediatric brain tumors from ultrasonic aspirate specimens.,"Although cavitating ultrasonic aspirators are commonly used in neurosurgical procedures, the suitability of ultrasonic aspirator-derived tumor material for diagnostic procedures is still controversial. Here, we explore the feasibility of using ultrasonic aspirator-resected tumor tissue to classify otherwise discarded sample material by fast DNA methylation-based analysis using low pass nanopore whole genome sequencing."
6083,brain tumour,38769107,Technical aspects of fourth ventricle ependymomas in adults: how I do it.,Ependymomas in the fourth ventricle in adults are rare entity. Surgical treatment of adult ependymomas is the only treatment modality since no other effective alternative is available. Radical resection often means cure but it is hindered by the nature and location of the lesion.
6084,brain tumour,38769022,"Towards consistency in pediatric brain tumor measurements: Challenges, solutions, and the role of artificial intelligence-based segmentation.","MR imaging is central to the assessment of tumor burden and changes over time in neuro-oncology. Several response assessment guidelines have been set forth by the Response Assessment in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (RAPNO) working groups in different tumor histologies; however, the visual delineation of tumor components using MRIs is not always straightforward, and complexities not currently addressed by these criteria can introduce inter- and intra-observer variability in manual assessments. Differentiation of non-enhancing tumors from peritumoral edema, mild enhancement from absence of enhancement, and various cystic components can be challenging; particularly given a lack of sufficient and uniform imaging protocols in clinical practice. Automated tumor segmentation with artificial intelligence (AI) may be able to provide more objective delineations, but rely on accurate and consistent training data created manually (ground truth). Herein, this paper reviews existing challenges and potential solutions to identifying and defining subregions of pediatric brain tumors (PBTs) that are not explicitly addressed by current guidelines. The goal is to assert the importance of defining and adopting criteria for addressing these challenges, as it will be critical to achieving standardized tumor measurements and reproducible response assessment in PBTs, ultimately leading to more precise outcome metrics and accurate comparisons among clinical studies."
6085,brain tumour,38768937,"5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxyflavone mitigates lead induced neurotoxicity in rats via its chelating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and monoaminergic properties.","Chronic exposure to lead (Pb) induces neurodegenerative changes in animals and humans. Drugs with strong antioxidant properties are effective against Pb-mediated neurotoxicity. In a prior study, we identified 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxyflavone (TMF) from Ocimum basilicum L. leaves as a potent antioxidant and neuroprotective compound. This research explores TMF's neuroprotective effects against Pb-induced brain toxicity in rats to establish it as a therapeutic agent. Rats received lead acetate (100 mg/kg, orally, once daily) for 30 days to induce brain injury, followed by TMF treatment (5 and 10 mg/kg, oral, once daily) 30 min later. Cognitive and motor functions were assessed using Morris Water Maze and horizontal bar tests. Lead, monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B enzymes, reduced glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-6 levels were measured in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Pb exposure impaired cognitive and motor functions, increased Pb, TBARS, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, and compromised MAO A & B and GSH levels. TMF reversed Pb-induced memory and motor deficits and normalized biochemical anomalies. TMF's neuroprotective effects against lead involve chelating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and monoaminergic properties, suggesting its potential as a treatment for metal-induced brain injury."
6086,brain tumour,38768767,A Phase 1/2 Study of Disulfiram and Copper With Concurrent Radiation Therapy and Temozolomide for Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma.,This phase 1/2 study aimed to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of combining disulfiram and copper (DSF/Cu) with radiation therapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM).
6087,brain tumour,38768760,Development of stemness-related signature to optimize prognosis prediction and identify XMD8-85 as a novel therapeutic compound for glioma.,"Glioma is a highly invasive and aggressive type of brain cancer with poor treatment response. Stemness-related transcription factors form a regulatory network that sustains the malignant phenotype of gliomas. We conducted an integrated analysis of stemness-related transcription factors using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) datasets, established the characteristics of stemness-related transcription factors, including Octamer-Binding Protein 4 (OCT4), Meis Homeobox 1 (MEIS1), E2F Transcription Factor 1 (E2F1), Transcription Factor CP2 Like 1 (TFCP2L1), and RUNX Family Transcription Factor 1 (RUNX1). The characteristic of stemness-related transcription factors was identified as an independent prognostic factor for glioma patients. Patients in the high-risk group have a worse prognosis than those in the low-risk group. The glioma microenvironment in the high-risk group exhibited a more active immune status. Single-cell level analysis revealed that stem cell-like cells exhibited stronger intercellular communication than glioma cells. Meanwhile, patients in different risk stratification exhibited varying sensitivities to immunotherapy and small molecule drug therapy. XMD8-85 was more effective in the high-risk group, and its antitumor effects were validated both in vivo and in vitro. Our results indicate that this prognostic feature will assist clinicians in predicting the prognosis of glioma patients, guiding immunotherapy and personalized treatment, as well as the potential clinical application of XMD8-85 in glioma treatment, and helping to develop effective treatment strategies."
6088,brain tumour,38768715,The effect of time-delayed contrast-enhanced scanning in determining the gross tumor target volume of large-volume brain metastases.,To assess the variation of large-volume brain metastases (BMs) boundaries and shapes using enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) scanning with different delay times and to provide a basis for determining the gross tumor target volume (GTV) for radiotherapy of BMs.
6089,brain tumour,38767983,Mechanisms and Barriers in Nanomedicine: Progress in the Field and Future Directions.,"In recent years, steady progress has been made in synthesizing and characterizing engineered nanoparticles, resulting in several approved drugs and multiple promising candidates in clinical trials. Regulatory agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency released important guidance documents facilitating nanoparticle-based drug product development, particularly in the context of liposomes and lipid-based carriers. Even with the progress achieved, it is clear that many barriers must still be overcome to accelerate translation into the clinic. At the recent conference workshop ""Mechanisms and Barriers in Nanomedicine"" in May 2023 in Colorado, U.S.A., leading experts discussed the formulation, physiological, immunological, regulatory, clinical, and educational barriers. This position paper invites open, unrestricted, nonproprietary discussion among senior faculty, young investigators, and students to trigger ideas and concepts to move the field forward."
6090,brain tumour,38767698,Headache in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma before and after transsphenoidal surgery - a prospective study.,To study the long-term effect of transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) on headache in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) and identify factors predicting headache relief following TSS.
6091,brain tumour,38767413,CHD2 Regulates Neuron-Glioma Interactions in Pediatric Glioma.,"High-grade gliomas (HGG) are deadly diseases for both adult and pediatric patients. Recently, it has been shown that neuronal activity promotes the progression of multiple subgroups of HGG. However, epigenetic mechanisms that govern this process remain elusive. Here we report that the chromatin remodeler chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 2 (CHD2) regulates neuron-glioma interactions in diffuse midline glioma (DMG) characterized by onco-histone H3.1K27M. Depletion of CHD2 in H3.1K27M DMG cells compromises cell viability and neuron-to-glioma synaptic connections in vitro, neuron-induced proliferation of H3.1K27M DMG cells in vitro and in vivo, activity-dependent calcium transients in vivo, and extends the survival of H3.1K27M DMG-bearing mice. Mechanistically, CHD2 coordinates with the transcription factor FOSL1 to control the expression of axon-guidance and synaptic genes in H3.1K27M DMG cells. Together, our study reveals a mechanism whereby CHD2 controls the intrinsic gene program of the H3.1K27M DMG subtype, which in turn regulates the tumor growth-promoting interactions of glioma cells with neurons. Significance: Neurons drive the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. Here we show that chromatin remodeler chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 2 controls the epigenome and expression of axon-guidance and synaptic genes, thereby promoting neuron-induced proliferation of H3.1K27M diffuse midline glioma and the pathogenesis of this deadly disease."
6092,brain tumour,38767333,DNA-damage RBE assessment for combined boron and gadolinium neutron capture therapy.,Neutron capture therapy (NCT) by 10B and 157Gd agents is a unique irradiation-based method which can be used to treat brain tumors. Current study aims to quantitatively evaluate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and dose distributions during the combined BNCT and GdNCT modalities through a hybrid Monte Carlo (MC) simulation approach.
6093,brain tumour,38767069,Comparison of two region-of-interest placement methods for histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient maps for glioma grading.,We assessed the value of histogram analysis (HA) of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps for grading low-grade (LGG) and high-grade (HGG) gliomas.
6094,brain tumour,38766843,Cerebellar mass in a 31-year-old woman.,No abstract found
6095,brain tumour,38766828,"Effects of Cycloastragenol on Alzheimer's Disease in Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis.","As individuals age, they may develop Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by difficulties in speech, memory loss, and other issues related to neural function. Cycloastragenol is an active ingredient of Astragalus trojanus and has been used to treat inflammation, aging, heart disease, and cancer."
6096,brain tumour,38766740,Primary epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma of the brain with EML4::ALK fusion mimicking intra-axial glioma: a case report and brief literature review.,"An aggressive subtype of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma occurs primarily inside the abdominal cavity, followed by a pulmonary localization. Most harbor anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements, with RANBP2 and RRBP1 among the well-documented fusion partners. We report the second case of primary epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma of the brain, with a well-known EML4::ALK fusion. The case is notable for its intra-axial presentation that clinico-radiologically mimicked glioma."
6097,brain tumour,38766738,The spectrum of microvascular patterns in adult diffuse glioma and their correlation with tumor grade.,"Primary brain tumors constitute the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Among them, adult diffuse gliomas are the most common type, affecting the cerebral hemispheres and displaying a diffuse infiltrative pattern of growth in the surrounding neuropil that accounts for about 80% of all primary intracranial tumors. The hallmark feature of gliomas is blood vessel proliferation, which plays an important role in tumor growth, tumor biological behavior, and disease outcome. High-grade gliomas exhibit increased vascularity, the worst prognosis, and lower survival rates. Several angiogenic receptors and factors are upregulated in glioblastomas and stimulate angiogenesis signaling pathways by means of activating oncogenes and/or down-regulating tumor-suppressor genes. Existing literature has emphasized that different microvascular patterns (MVPs) are displayed in different subtypes of adult diffuse gliomas."
6098,brain tumour,38766170,Network Analyses of Brain Tumor Patients' Multiomic Data Reveals Pharmacological Opportunities to Alter Cell State Transitions.,"Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) remains a particularly difficult cancer to treat, and survival outcomes remain poor. In addition to the lack of dedicated drug discovery programs for GBM, extensive intratumor heterogeneity and epigenetic plasticity related to cell-state transitions are major roadblocks to successful drug therapy in GBM. To study these phenomenon, publicly available snRNAseq and bulk RNAseq data from patient samples were used to categorize cells from patients into four cell states (i.e. phenotypes), namely: (i) neural progenitor-like (NPC-like), (ii) oligodendrocyte progenitor-like (OPC-like), (iii) astrocyte-like (AC-like), and (iv) mesenchymal-like (MES-like). Patients were subsequently grouped into subpopulations based on which cell-state was the most dominant in their respective tumor. By incorporating phosphoproteomic measurements from the same patients, a protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) was constructed for each cell state. These four-cell state PPINs were pooled to form a single Boolean network that was used for "
6099,brain tumour,38766060,Daily glucocorticoids promote glioblastoma growth and circadian synchrony to the host.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults with a poor prognosis despite aggressive therapy. A recent, retrospective clinical study found that administering Temozolomide in the morning increased patient overall survival by 6 months compared to evening. Here, we tested the hypothesis that daily host signaling regulates tumor growth and synchronizes circadian rhythms in GBM. We found daily Dexamethasone promoted or suppressed GBM growth depending on time of day of administration and on the clock gene, "
6100,brain tumour,38766019,Targeting SCD triggers lipotoxicity of cancer cells and enhances anti-tumor immunity in breast cancer brain metastasis mouse models.,"Breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) are a significant cause of mortality and are incurable. Thus, identifying BCBM targets that reduce morbidity and mortality is critical. BCBM upregulate Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD), an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, suggesting a potential metabolic vulnerability of BCBM. In this study, we tested the effect of a brain-penetrant clinical-stage inhibitor of SCD (SCDi), on breast cancer cells and mouse models of BCBM. Lipidomics, qPCR, and western blot were used to study the in vitro effects of SCDi. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to explore the effects of SCDi on cancer and immune cells in a BCBM mouse model. Pharmacological inhibition of SCD markedly reshaped the lipidome of breast cancer cells and resulted in endoplasmic reticulum stress, DNA damage, loss of DNA damage repair, and cytotoxicity. Importantly, SCDi alone or combined with a PARP inhibitor prolonged the survival of BCBM-bearing mice. When tested in a syngeneic mouse model of BCBM, scRNAseq revealed that pharmacological inhibition of SCD enhanced antigen presentation by dendritic cells, was associated with a higher interferon signaling, increased the infiltration of cytotoxic T cells, and decreased the proportion of exhausted T cells and regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Additionally, pharmacological inhibition of SCD decreased engagement of immunosuppressive pathways, including the PD-1:PD-L1/PD-L2 and PVR/TIGIT axes. These findings suggest that SCD inhibition could be an effective strategy to intrinsically reduce tumor growth and reprogram anti-tumor immunity in the brain microenvironment to treat BCBM."
6101,brain tumour,38765513,Fertility preservation in female cancer patients in Brazil: perceptions and attitudes of infertility specialists.,"Fertility preservation is a priority in oncology for female cancer patients. However, there is a lack of communication between infertility specialists and oncologists. This study aimed to evaluate infertility specialists' perceptions and experiences regarding fertility preservation."
6102,brain tumour,38765101,A c.726C>G (p.Tyr242Ter) nonsense mutation-associated with splicing alteration (NASA) of ,"Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by increased iron deposition in the basal ganglia and progressive degeneration of the nervous system in adulthood. However, in early childhood, there were no characteristic features to perform early diagnosis. In our study, a female child exhibited global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and febrile seizure without other distinct clinical phenotypes. Through whole exome sequencing (WES), a "
6103,brain tumour,38765098,"Metastatic pattern and prognosis in patients with lung adenosquamous carcinoma: A surveillance, epidemiology, and end results-based population study.",Lung adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is a rare tumor with high invasive and metastatic potential. Few studies have explored metastatic patterns in patients with advanced-stage ASC.
6104,brain tumour,38764919,Atypical choroid plexus papilloma: Diagnosis and differentials: A case report.,"Atypical choroid plexus papilloma is a rare World Health Organization grade 2 intraventricular tumor arising from the epithelium of the plexus choroid with intermediate clinical-pathological features between the benign choroid plexus papilloma and the malignant choroid plexus carcinoma. The main criteria for differentiation are histopathologic, with difficulties in distinguishing it from choroid plexus papilloma based on imaging features. We report the case of a 4-year-old female presenting with headaches and altered mental status. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right lateral ventricular mass with some atypical characteristics, which were confirmed on pathological examination as an atypical choroid plexus papilloma."
6105,brain tumour,38764736,Bilateral tinnitus associated with a diffuse astrocytoma of Heschl's gyrus: a case report and review of literature.,"Auditory processing is initiated within the primary auditory cortex, concealed within the sylvian fissure bilaterally on a collection of gyri described as Heschl's Gyrus (HG). Glial neoplasms localized to or involving HG are rare. The main symptoms of these tumours are complex partial seizures characterized by auditory features. Here, we describe an unusual case of bilateral tinnitus and hemi-paraesthesia associated with a HG diffuse astrocytoma. Bilateral tinnitus secondary to intrinsic brain tumours is atypical. Bilateral tinnitus is frequently observed in patients with noise-induced hearing loss, presbycusis, ototoxic medication, and metabolic and psychiatric disease. In the case we present, the synchronous sensory and auditory symptoms are likely due to seizure activity affecting the primary auditory and somatosensory cortex. In a patient presenting with chronic, bilateral tinnitus with no known underlying otologic disease which is associated with hemi-body paraesthesia, we would advocate for consideration of brain imaging to exclude pathology in HG."
6106,brain tumour,38764578,Pediatric neuropathology practice in a low- and middle-income country: capacity building through institutional twinning.,"Accurate and precise diagnosis is central to treating central nervous system (CNS) tumors, yet tissue diagnosis is often a neglected focus in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Since 2016, the WHO classification of CNS tumors has increasingly incorporated molecular biomarkers into the diagnosis of CNS tumors. While this shift to precision diagnostics promises a high degree of diagnostic accuracy and prognostic precision, it has also resulted in increasing divergence in diagnostic and management practices between LMICs and high-income countries (HICs). Pathologists and laboratory professionals in LMICs lack the proper training and tools to join the molecular diagnostic revolution. We describe the impact of a 7-year long twinning program between Canada and Pakistan on pathology services."
6107,brain tumour,38764296,NEK2 promotes TP53 ubiquitination to enhance the proliferation and migration of TP53 wild-type glioblastoma cells.,"The most common primary malignant tumor in the adult brain is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM); however, its underlying pathogenic mechanism remains elusive. The never in mitosis (NIMA)-related kinase 2 (NEK2) has been closely associated with the prognosis of various malignancies. Nevertheless, the complete elucidation of NEK2's potential clinical value, particularly in glioma prognosis and development, remains lacking. U87MG and A172 glioblastoma cells were infected with sh-NEK2 lentivirus or oe-NEK2 plasmid to investigate the effect of NEK2 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Cell viability was measured using CCK-8 and colony formation assays, while Transwell assay was utilized to assess cell migration and invasion. Protein expression levels were determined through western blot analysis. Additionally, CGGA and TCGA databases were used for bioinformatics analysis in order to examine the NEK2 expression. Through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, we identified elevated mRNA expression levels of NEK2 in gliomas compared to normal tissues, which correlated with poor prognosis among glioma patients. Moreover, functional experiments revealed that silencing NEK2 suppressed glioma cell proliferation while overexpression of NEK2 promoted migration and invasion capabilities. Finally, our study uncovered that NEK2 regulates the malignant progression of TP53 wild-type glioblastoma by facilitating TP53 ubiquitination."
6108,brain tumour,38764151,Curcumin affects autophagy of prolactinoma cells by upregulating miR-206 to exert antitumor effects.,"We explored the effects of curcumin on the aberrant biological behaviors of prolactinoma cells and the downstream pathways through which curcumin exerts its antitumor effects. We used quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays to measure miR-206 expression levels in peripheral blood samples from patients with prolactinoma before and after curcumin treatment. We also investigated the proliferation level, viability, and invasion ability of groups of cells treated with different concentrations of curcumin using 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assays, cell cloning assays, and Transwell assays, respectively. Furthermore, we determined the levels of autophagy-related proteins and protein kinase B/mammalian target of the rapamycin (Akt/mTOR) signaling pathway-related proteins in each group of treated cells by western blot. Curcumin treatment upregulated miR-206 expression levels in the peripheral blood of patients with prolactinoma and in GH3 cells. Knockdown of miR-206 expression enhanced the proliferation and invasive ability of GH3 cells, while curcumin treatment effectively inhibited the aberrant biological behavior of GH3 cells enhanced by miR-206 knockdown. miR-206 knockdown also activated the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and inhibited autophagy in GH3 cells, and these changes were effectively reversed by curcumin treatment. Thus, curcumin inhibited the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and promoted cell autophagy by miR-206 upregulation, resulting in antitumor effects that inhibited prolactinoma cell proliferation and invasion."
6109,brain tumour,38764117,"Electro-scalp acupuncture regulates the expression of CYP27a1/b1, CYP24a and related inflammatory cytokines in ischemic cortex of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion.","To observe the effect of electro-scalp acupuncture (ESA) on the expression of cytochrome P450a1/b1 (CYP27a1/b1), cytochrome P45024a (CYP24a), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)4, STAT6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-4 in ischemic cerebral cortex of rats with acute ischemic stroke, so as to explore its mechanism in alleviating inflammatory reaction of ischemic stroke."
6110,brain tumour,38764053,EZH2 G553C significantly increases the risk of brain metastasis from lung cancer due to salt bridge instability.,"The incidence and mortality of lung cancer is the highest in China and the world. Brain is the most common distant metastasis site of lung cancer. Its transfer mechanism and predictive biomarkers are still unclear. EZH2 participates in the catalysis of transcriptional inhibition complex, mediates chromatin compactness, leads to the silencing of its downstream target genes, participates in the silencing of multiple tumor suppressor genes, and is related to cell proliferation, apoptosis and cycle regulation. In physiology, EZH2 has high activity in stem cells or progenitor cells, inhibits genes related to cell cycle arrest and promotes self-renewal. To detect the expression and mutation of EZH2 gene in patients with brain metastasis of lung cancer, and provide further theoretical basis for exploring the pathogenesis of brain metastasis of lung cancer and finding reliable biomarkers to predict brain metastasis of lung cancer."
6111,brain tumour,38763954,The mitochondria-related gene risk mode revealed p66Shc as a prognostic mitochondria-related gene of glioblastoma.,"Numerous studies have highlighted the pivotal role of mitochondria-related genes (MRGs) in the initiation and progression of glioblastoma (GBM). However, the specific contributions of MRGs coding proteins to GBM pathology remain incompletely elucidated. The identification of prognostic MRGs in GBM holds promise for the development of personalized targeted therapies and the enhancement of patient prognosis. We combined differential expression with univariate Cox regression analysis to screen prognosis-associated MRGs in GBM. Based on the nine MRGs, the hazard ratio model was conducted using a multivariate Cox regression algorithm. SHC-related survival, pathway, and immune analyses in GBM cohorts were obtained from the Biomarker Exploration of the Solid Tumor database. The proliferation and migration of U87 cells were measured by CCK-8 and transwell assay. Apoptosis in U87 cells was evaluated using flow cytometry. Confocal microscopy was employed to measure mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and morphology. The expression levels of SHC1 and other relevant proteins were examined via western blotting. We screened 15 prognosis-associated MRGs and constructed a 9 MRGs-based model. Validation of the model's risk score confirmed its efficacy in predicting the prognosis of patients with GBM. Furthermore, analysis revealed that SHC1, a constituent MRG of the prognostic model, was upregulated and implicated in the progression, migration, and immune infiltration of GBM. In vitro experiments elucidated that p66Shc, the longest isoform of SHC1, modulates mitochondrial ROS production and morphology, consequently promoting the proliferation and migration of U87 cells. The 9 MRGs-based prognostic model could predict the prognosis of GBM. SHC1 was upregulated and correlated with the prognosis of patients by involvement in immune infiltration. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that p66Shc promotes U87 cell proliferation and migration by mediating mitochondrial ROS production. Thus, p66Shc may serve as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for GBM."
6112,brain tumour,38763824,The first case of brain metastasis of foamy intraductal carcinoma from the prostate.,No abstract found
6113,brain tumour,38763817,"[Translation into French and republication of: ""Management of venous thromboembolic disease in patients with malignant brain tumours""].","This article addresses the management of venous thromboembolism in patients with malignant brain tumours, including both primary and secondary (metastatic) tumours. The available data on patients on venous thromboembolism recurrence and bleeding risks in patients with brain tumours is limited, since these patients have been excluded from most randomised, interventional, head-to-head, clinical trials comparing low molecular weight heparins to vitamin K antagonists or to direct oral factor Xa inhibitors. More information is available from retrospective observational studies, which however were generally small, and carried a high risk of confounding. Their findings suggest that direct factor Xa inhibitor use is associated with lower rates of intracranial haemorrhage compared with low molecular weight heparins. Overall, the safety profile of direct oral factor Xa inhibitors when used to prevent venous thromboembolism recurrence in patients with either primary or secondary brain tumours appears to be favourable. The available data are in favour of using an anticoagulant at a full therapeutic dose in patients with primary and secondary brain tumours experiencing a venous thromboembolism, although they are not yet sufficiently robust to permit recommending a direct factor Xa inhibitor over low-molecular weight heparin."
6114,brain tumour,38763458,The Role of Peripheral Inflammatory Markers and Coagulation Factors in Patients with Central Nervous System (CNS) Immune Disease and Glioma.,"Gliomas are associated with high rates of disability and mortality, and currently, there is a lack of specific and sensitive biomarkers for diagnosis. The ideal biomarkers should be detected early through noninvasive methods. Our research aims to develop a rapid, convenient, noninvasive diagnostic method for gliomas, as well as for grading and differentiation."
6115,brain tumour,38763321,Altered cancer metabolism and implications for next-generation CAR T-cell therapies.,"This review critically examines the evolving landscape of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in treating solid tumors, with a particular focus on the metabolic challenges within the tumor microenvironment. CAR T-cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable success in hematologic malignancies, yet its efficacy in solid tumors remains limited. A significant barrier is the hostile milieu of the tumor microenvironment, which impairs CAR T-cell survival and function. This review delves into the metabolic adaptations of cancer cells and their impact on immune cells, highlighting the competition for nutrients and the accumulation of immunosuppressive metabolites. It also explores emerging strategies to enhance CAR T-cell metabolic fitness and persistence, including genetic engineering and metabolic reprogramming. An integrated approach, combining metabolic interventions with CAR T-cell therapy, has the potential to overcome these constraints and improve therapeutic outcomes in solid tumors."
6116,brain tumour,38763154,Adding 6 months of androgen deprivation therapy to postoperative radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a comparison of short-course versus no androgen deprivation therapy in the RADICALS-HD randomised controlled trial.,"Previous evidence indicates that adjuvant, short-course androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) improves metastasis-free survival when given with primary radiotherapy for intermediate-risk and high-risk localised prostate cancer. However, the value of ADT with postoperative radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy is unclear."
6117,brain tumour,38763153,Duration of androgen deprivation therapy with postoperative radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a comparison of long-course versus short-course androgen deprivation therapy in the RADICALS-HD randomised trial.,"Previous evidence supports androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with primary radiotherapy as initial treatment for intermediate-risk and high-risk localised prostate cancer. However, the use and optimal duration of ADT with postoperative radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy remains uncertain."
6118,brain tumour,38763103,"Single organ metastatic sites in non-small cell lung cancer: Patient characteristics, treatment patterns and outcomes from a large retrospective Canadian cohort.","There is a paucity of information about the characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with single organ metastasis (SOM)."
6119,brain tumour,38763090,"Pediatric high grade gliomas: A comprehensive histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular integrated approach in routine practice.","Pediatric high grade gliomas have undergone remarkable changes in recent time with discovery of new molecular pathways. They have been added separately in current WHO 2021 blue book. All the entities show characteristic morphology and immunohistochemistry. Methylation data correctly identifies these entities into particular group of clusters. The pediatric group high grade glioma comprises- Diffuse midline glioma, H3K27-altered; Diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3G34-mutant; Diffuse pediatric-type high-grade glioma, H3-wild type & IDH-wild type; Infant hemispheric glioma and Epithelioid glioblastoma/Grade 3 pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and very rare IDH-mutant astrocytoma. However it is not always feasible to perform these molecular tests where cost-effective diagnosis is a major concern. Here we discuss the major entities with their characteristic histopathology, immunohistochemistry and molecular findings that may help to reach to suggest the diagnosis and help the clinician for appropriate treatment strategies. We have also made a simple algorithmic flow chart integrated with histopathology, immunohistochemistry and molecular characteristics for better understanding."
6120,brain tumour,38763055,Methylated circulating tumor DNA in hepatocellular carcinoma: A comprehensive analysis of biomarker potential and clinical implications.,"The intricate epigenetic landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is profoundly influenced by alterations in DNA methylation patterns. Understanding these alterations is crucial for unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC pathogenesis. Methylated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) presents itself as an encouraging avenue for biomarker discovery and holds substantial clinical implications in HCC management. This review comprehensively outlines the studies concerning DNA methylation in HCC and underscores the significance of methylated ctDNA within this context. Moreover, a variety of cfDNA methylation-based methodologies, such as 5hmC profiling, bisulfite-based, restriction enzyme-dependent, and enrichment-based methods, provide in-depth insights into the molecular pathology of HCC. Additionally, the integration of methylated ctDNA analysis into clinical practice represents a significant advancement in personalized HCC management. By facilitating cancer screening, prognosis assessment, and treatment response prediction, the utilization of methylated ctDNA signifies a pivotal stride toward enhancing patient care and outcomes in HCC."
6121,brain tumour,38763039,Full kinetic modeling analysis of [,The main objective was to characterize the tracer uptake kinetics of [
6122,brain tumour,38763020,Optical biomarker analysis for renal cell carcinoma obtained from preoperative and postoperative patients using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.,"Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant tumor in the urinary system, accounting for 80 % to 90 % for all renal malignancies. Traditional diagnostic methods like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) lack the sensitivity and specificity as they lack specific biomarkers. These limitations impede effective monitoring of tumor recurrence. This study aims to employ Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR)-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, an optical technology sensitive to molecular groups, to analyze the potential optical biomarkers in urine and plasma samples from RCC patients pre- and post-surgery. The results reveal distinctive spectral information from both plasma and urine samples. Post-surgery urine spectra exhibit complexity compared to plasma, showing reduced content at 1072 cm"
6123,brain tumour,38762839,Extra-skeletal intracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: systematic-literature review.,"Intracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (IMC) is a rare malignant tumor in pediatric population. IMC can present as extra- or intra-axial lesion in pediatric patients, though the former is commoner causing raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Radiological diagnosis is a challenge in these cases, as is it difficult to differentiate these from other extra-axial neoplasms due to the wide differential diagnosis in pediatric population. We aim to systematically review the literature and present a rare case of extraskeletal intracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma treated with safe maximal resection."
6124,brain tumour,38762830,The impact of cancer patient pathway on timing of radiotherapy and survival: a cohort study in glioblastoma patients.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor in which primary therapy is standardized and consists of surgery, radiotherapy (RT), and chemotherapy. However, the optimal time from surgery to start of RT is unknown. A high-grade glioma cancer patient pathway (CPP) was implemented in Norway in 2015 to avoid non-medical delays and regional disparity, and to optimize information flow to patients. This study investigated how CPP affected time to RT after surgery and overall survival."
6125,brain tumour,38762829,Enhancing Temozolomide (TMZ) chemosensitivity using CRISPR-dCas9-mediated downregulation of O,"Glioblastoma (GBM) stands out as the most prevalent and aggressive intracranial tumor, notorious for its poor prognosis. The current standard-of-care for GBM patients involves surgical resection followed by radiotherapy, combined with concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy using Temozolomide (TMZ). The effectiveness of TMZ primarily relies on the activity of O"
6126,brain tumour,38762828,"Impact of frailty on survival glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype patients.","Frailty increases the risk of mortality among patients. We studied the prognostic significance of frailty using the modified 5-item frailty index (5-mFI) in patients harboring a newly diagnosed supratentorial glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype."
6127,brain tumour,38762674,HLA-A,"Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy provides remarkable clinical benefits for multiple cancer types. However, the overall response rate to ICB therapy remains low in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study aimed to identify biomarkers of ICB therapy for ESCC and interrogate its potential clinical relevance."
6128,brain tumour,38762624,Brain endothelial cells promote breast cancer cell extravasation to the brain via EGFR-DOCK4-RAC1 signalling.,"The role of endothelial cells in promoting cancer cell extravasation to the brain during the interaction of cancer cells with the vasculature is not well characterised. We show that brain endothelial cells activate EGFR signalling in triple-negative breast cancer cells with propensity to metastasise to the brain. This activation is dependent on soluble factors secreted by brain endothelial cells, and occurs via the RAC1 GEF DOCK4, which is required for breast cancer cell extravasation to the brain in vivo. Knockdown of DOCK4 inhibits breast cancer cell entrance to the brain without affecting cancer cell survival or growth. Defective extravasation is associated with loss of elongated morphology preceding intercalation into brain endothelium. We also show that brain endothelial cells promote paracrine stimulation of mesenchymal-like morphology of breast cancer cells via DOCK4, DOCK9, RAC1 and CDC42. This stimulation is accompanied by EGFR activation necessary for brain metastatic breast cancer cell elongation which can be reversed by the EGFR inhibitor Afatinib. Our findings suggest that brain endothelial cells promote metastasis through activation of cell signalling that renders breast cancer cells competent for extravasation. This represents a paradigm of brain endothelial cells influencing the signalling and metastatic competency of breast cancer cells."
6129,brain tumour,38762571,Antiepileptic drug-loaded and multifunctional iron oxide@silica@gelatin nanoparticles for acid-triggered drug delivery.,"The current study developed an innovative design for the production of smart multifunctional core-double shell superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) with a focus on the development of a pH-responsive drug delivery system tailored for the controlled release of Phenytoin, accompanied by real-time monitoring capabilities. In this regard, the ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide@silica NPs (IO@Si MNPs) were synthesized and then coated with a layer of gelatin containing Phenytoin as an antiepileptic drug. The precise saturation magnetization value for the resultant NPs was established at 26 emu g"
6130,brain tumour,38762534,Evaluation of the clinical use of MGMT methylation in extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy as a tool for glioblastoma patient management.,"Glioblastoma (GB) is a devastating tumor of the central nervous system characterized by a poor prognosis. One of the best-established predictive biomarker in IDH-wildtype GB is O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation (mMGMT), which is associated with improved treatment response and survival. However, current efforts to monitor GB patients through mMGMT detection have proven unsuccessful. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) hold potential as a key element that could revolutionize clinical practice by offering new possibilities for liquid biopsy. This study aimed to determine the utility of sEV-based liquid biopsy as a predictive biomarker and disease monitoring tool in patients with IDH-wildtype GB. Our findings show consistent results with tissue-based analysis, achieving a remarkable sensitivity of 85.7% for detecting mMGMT in liquid biopsy, the highest reported to date. Moreover, we suggested that liquid biopsy assessment of sEV-DNA could be a powerful tool for monitoring disease progression in IDH-wildtype GB patients. This study highlights the critical significance of overcoming molecular underdetection, which can lead to missed treatment opportunities and misdiagnoses, possibly resulting in ineffective therapies. The outcomes of our research significantly contribute to the field of sEV-DNA-based liquid biopsy, providing valuable insights into tumor tissue heterogeneity and establishing it as a promising tool for detecting GB biomarkers. These results have substantial implications for advancing predictive and therapeutic approaches in the context of GB and warrant further exploration and validation in clinical settings."
6131,brain tumour,38762500,Stimulation of tumoricidal immunity via bacteriotherapy inhibits glioblastoma relapse.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor characterized by invasive behavior and a compromised immune response, presenting treatment challenges. Surgical debulking of GBM fails to address its highly infiltrative nature, leaving neoplastic satellites in an environment characterized by impaired immune surveillance, ultimately paving the way for tumor recurrence. Tracking and eradicating residual GBM cells by boosting antitumor immunity is critical for preventing postoperative relapse, but effective immunotherapeutic strategies remain elusive. Here, we report a cavity-injectable bacterium-hydrogel superstructure that targets GBM satellites around the cavity, triggers GBM pyroptosis, and initiates innate and adaptive immune responses, which prevent postoperative GBM relapse in male mice. The immunostimulatory Salmonella delivery vehicles (SDVs) engineered from attenuated Salmonella typhimurium (VNP20009) seek and attack GBM cells. Salmonella lysis-inducing nanocapsules (SLINs), designed to trigger autolysis, are tethered to the SDVs, eliciting antitumor immune response through the intracellular release of bacterial components. Furthermore, SDVs and SLINs administration via intracavitary injection of the ATP-responsive hydrogel can recruit phagocytes and promote antigen presentation, initiating an adaptive immune response. Therefore, our work offers a local bacteriotherapy for stimulating anti-GBM immunity, with potential applicability for patients facing malignancies at a high risk of recurrence."
6132,brain tumour,38762495,Neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing effects of herbecetin against thioacetamide induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats via upregulation of AMPK and SIRT1 signaling pathways.,"Acute liver injury, there is a risky neurological condition known as hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Herbacetin is a glycosylated flavonoid with many pharmacological characteristics. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of herbacetin to protect against the cognitive deficits associated with thioacetamide (TAA) rat model and delineate the underlying behavioral and pharmacological mechanisms. Rats were pretreated with herbacetin (20 and 40 mg/kg) for 30days. On 30th day, the rats were injected with TAA (i.p. 350 mg/kg) in a single dose. In addition to a histpathological studies, ultra-structural architecture of the brain, liver functions, oxidative stress biomarkers, and behavioral tests were evaluated. Compared to the TAA-intoxicated group, herbacetin improved the locomotor and cognitive deficits, serum hepatotoxicity indices and ammonia levels. Herbacetin reduced brain levels of malodialdeyde, glutamine synthetase (GS), tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 B (IL-1β), annexin v, and increased brain GSH, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) expression levels. Also, herbacetin improve the histopathological changes and ultra- structure of brain tissue via attenuating the number of inflammatory and apoptotic cells. Herbacetin treatment significantly reduced the toxicity caused by TAA. These findings suggest that herbacetin might be taken into account as a possible neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing agent due to its ability to reduce oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis associated with TAA."
6133,brain tumour,38762464,A longer time to relapse is associated with a larger increase in differences between paired primary and recurrent IDH wild-type glioblastomas at both the transcriptomic and genomic levels.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults, which remains incurable and often recurs rapidly after initial therapy. While large efforts have been dedicated to uncover genomic/transcriptomic alternations associated with the recurrence of GBMs, the evolutionary trajectories of matched pairs of primary and recurrent (P-R) GBMs remain largely elusive. It remains challenging to identify genes associated with time to relapse (TTR) and construct a stable and effective prognostic model for predicting TTR of primary GBM patients. By integrating RNA-sequencing and genomic data from multiple datasets of patient-matched longitudinal GBMs of isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type (IDH-wt), here we examined the associations of TTR with heterogeneities between paired P-R GBMs in gene expression profiles, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and microenvironment. Our results revealed a positive correlation between TTR and transcriptomic/genomic differences between paired P-R GBMs, higher percentages of non-mesenchymal-to-mesenchymal transition and mesenchymal subtype for patients with a short TTR than for those with a long TTR, a high correlation between paired P-R GBMs in gene expression profiles and TMB, and a negative correlation between the fitting level of such a paired P-R GBM correlation and TTR. According to these observations, we identified 55 TTR-associated genes and thereby constructed a seven-gene (ZSCAN10, SIGLEC14, GHRHR, TBX15, TAS2R1, CDKL1, and CD101) prognostic model for predicting TTR of primary IDH-wt GBM patients using univariate/multivariate Cox regression analyses. The risk scores estimated by the model were significantly negatively correlated with TTR in the training set and two independent testing sets. The model also segregated IDH-wt GBM patients into two groups with significantly divergent progression-free survival outcomes and showed promising performance for predicting 1-, 2-, and 3-year progression-free survival rates in all training and testing sets. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular understanding of GBM progression at recurrence and potential targets for therapeutic treatments."
6134,brain tumour,38762332,"Development of an evaluation and treatment strategy for olfactory neuroblastoma: a review of evidence from large-scale studies, including population-based and multicenter studies, and meta-analyses.","Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare sinonasal malignancy arising from the olfactory epithelium that is characterized by skull base involvement and a modest natural history. Because of its rarity and long course, identification of independent prognostic factors is dependent on multivariate analysis of large, long-term data. In this review, we outline evidence for the evaluation and treatment of olfactory neuroblastoma obtained from recent large-scale population-based studies, meta-analyses and multicenter studies. Hyams grade is currently the only pathological grade system for olfactory neuroblastoma. The modified Kadish staging and Dulguerov classification are available for clinical staging. The results of large-scale studies have confirmed Hyams, the modified Kadish and Dulguerov as independent prognostic factors. Surgery followed by radiotherapy provides the best overall survival and recurrence-free survival for resectable disease. The question of whether postoperative radiotherapy should be administered for all cases or only for those at risk of recurrence remains unanswered. Exclusively endoscopic resection is indicated for modified Kadish A/B cases without any increase in the risk of death or recurrence, and is also indicated for modified Kadish C cases if a negative surgical margin is ensured. For more advanced cases, such as those with extensive brain infiltration, the open approach is indicated. Elective nodal irradiation prevents late nodal recurrence of N0 patients. Chemotherapy has failed to show a benefit in survival or disease control. Current needs for olfactory neuroblastoma include the development and validation of refined staging systems suitable for current practice; expansion of indications for endoscopic surgery; less invasive surgery; definitive radiotherapy and novel systemic therapy."
6135,brain tumour,38761902,The novel anti-fibrillary effects of volatile compounds α-asarone and β-caryophyllene on tau protein: Towards promising therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease.,"The abnormal deposition of tau protein is one of the critical causes of tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In recent years, there has been great interest in the use of essential oils and volatile compounds in aromatherapy for treating AD, since volatile compounds can directly reach the brain through intranasal administration. The volatile compounds α-asarone (ASA) and β-caryophyllene (BCP) have revealed various important neuroprotective properties, useful in treating AD. In this study, the volatile compounds ASA and BCP were assessed for their effectiveness in preventing tau fibrillation, disassembly of pre-formed tau fibrils, and disaggregation of tau aggregates. SDS-PAGE and AFM analyses revealed that ASA and BCP inhibited tau fibrillation/aggregation and decreased the mean size of tau oligomers. Tau samples treated with ASA and BCP, showed a reduction in ThT and ANS fluorescence intensities, and a decrease in the β-sheet content. Additionally, ASA and BCP disassembled the pre-formed tau fibrils to the granular and linear oligomeric intermediates. Treatment of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with tau samples treated with ASA and BCP, revealed protective effects as shown by reduced toxicity of the cells, due to the inhibition of tau fibrillation/aggregation. Overall, ASA and BCP appeared to be promising therapeutic candidates for AD."
6136,brain tumour,38761846,Effective suppression of I,"A synthetic inhibitor of capsaicin-induced TRPV1 channel activation is called capsazepine (CPZ). In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of CPZ on hyperpolarization-activated cationic current (I"
6137,brain tumour,38761792,Exosomal HMGB3 released by glioma cells confers the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in tumor-associated macrophages.,"Previous evidences has highlighted the pivotal role of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)-mediated inflammasomes and pyroptosis activation in driving tumor malignancy and shaping the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the impact of high-mobility group box 3 (HMGB3) released in glioma-derived exosomes on macrophage infiltration in gliomas, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and polarization."
6138,brain tumour,38761695,Impact of comorbidities on relapsing rates of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders: Insights from a longitudinal study in Taiwan.,Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease characterized by relapsing clinical episodes and the presence of autoantibodies. The impact of comorbidities on relapsing rate of NMOSD patients in Taiwan remains unclear.
6139,brain tumour,38761580,Approaches to selective and potent inhibition of glioblastoma by vanadyl complexes: Inducing mitotic catastrophe and methuosis.,"Drug resistance has been a major problem for cancer chemotherapy, especially for glioblastoma multiforme that is aggressive, heterogeneous and recurrent with <3% of a five-year survival and limited methods of clinical treatment. To overcome the problem, great efforts have recently been put in searching for agents inducing death of tumor cells via various non-apoptotic pathways. In the present work, we report for the first time that vanadyl complexes, i.e. bis(acetylacetonato)oxidovanadium (IV) (VO(acac)"
6140,brain tumour,38761540,Predictive molecular pathology after prolonged fixation: A study on tissue from anatomical body donors.,"Histopathological assessment of tissue samples after prolonged formalin fixation has been described previously, but currently there is only limited knowledge regarding the feasibility of molecular pathology on such tissue. In this pilot study, we tested routine molecular pathology methods (DNA isolation, DNA pyrosequencing/next-generation sequencing, DNA methylation analysis, RT-PCR, clonality analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization) on tissue samples from 11 tumor entities as well as non-neoplastic brain tissue from 43 body donors during the gross anatomy course at Ulm University (winter semester 2019/20 and 2020/21). The mean post mortem interval until fixation was 2.5 ± 1.6 days (range, 1-6 days). Fixation was performed with aqueous formaldehyde solution (formalin, 1.5-2%). The mean storage time of body donors was 12.8 ± 5.6 months (range, 7-25 months). While most diagnostic methods were successful, samples showed significant variability in DNA quality and evaluability. DNA pyrosequencing as well as next-generation sequencing was successful in all investigated samples. Methylation analyses were partially not successful in some extend due to limited intact DNA yield for these analyses. Taken together, the use of prolonged formalin-fixed tissue samples from body donors offers new avenues in research and education, as these samples could be used for morpho-molecular studies and the establishment of biobanks, especially for tissue types that cannot be preserved and studied in vivo. Pathological ward rounds, sample collection, and histopathological and molecular workup have been integrated in the gross anatomy course in Ulm as an integral part of the curriculum, linking anatomy and pathology and providing medical students early insight into the broad field of (molecular) pathology."
6141,brain tumour,38761538,Elevated protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) gene expression in Alzheimer's disease predicts cognitive decline.,"Platelet activation of protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) and thrombin are at the top of a chain of events leading to fibrin deposition, microinfarcts, blood-brain barrier disruption, and inflammation. We evaluated mRNA expression of the PAR4 gene F2RL3 in human brain and global cognitive performance in participants with and without cognitive impairment or dementia. Data were acquired from the Religious Orders Study (ROS) and the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP). F2RL3 mRNA was elevated in AD cases and was associated with worse retrospective longitudinal cognitive performance. Moreover, F2RL3 expression interacted with clinical AD diagnosis on longitudinal cognition whereas this relationship was attenuated in individuals without cognitive impairment. Additionally, when adjusting for the effects of AD neuropathology, F2RL3 expression remained a significant predictor of cognitive decline. F2RL3 expression correlated positively with transcript levels of proinflammatory markers including TNFα, IL-1β, NFκB, and fibrinogen α/β/γ. Together, these results reveal that F2RL3 mRNA expression is associated with multiple AD-relevant outcomes and its encoded product, PAR4, may play a role in disease pathogenesis."
6142,brain tumour,38761499,Model-data-driven adversarial active learning for brain tumor segmentation.,"Active learning (AL) attempts to select informative samples in a dataset to minimize the number of required labels while maximizing the performance of the model. Current AL in segmentation tasks is limited to the expansion of popular classification-based methods including entropy, MC-dropout, etc. Meanwhile, most applications in the medical field are simply migrations that fail to consider the nature of medical images, such as high class imbalance, high domain difference, and data scarcity. In this study, we address these challenges and propose a novel AL framework for medical image segmentation task. Our approach introduces a pseudo-label-based filter addressing excessive blank patches in medical abnormalities segmentation tasks, e.g., lesions, and tumors, used before the AL selection. This filter helps reduce resource usage and allows the model to focus on selecting more informative samples. For the sample selection, we propose a novel query strategy that combines both model impact and data stability by employing adversarial attack. Furthermore, we harness the adversarial samples generated during the query process to enhance the robustness of the model. The experimental results verify our framework's effectiveness over various state-of-the-art methods. Our proposed method only needs less than 14% annotated patches in 3D brain MRI multiple sclerosis (MS) segmentation tasks and 20% for Low-Grade Glioma (LGG) tumor segmentation to achieve competitive results with full supervision. These promising outcomes not only improve performance but alleviate the time burden associated with expert annotation, thereby facilitating further advancements in the field of medical image segmentation. Our code is available at https://github.com/HelenMa9998/adversarial_active_learning."
6143,brain tumour,38761497,Regulating effect of miR-132-3p on the changes of MAPK pathway in rat brains and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to excessive fluoride by targeting expression of MAPK1.,"Although the changes of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in the central nervous system (CNS) induced by excessive fluoride has been confirmed by our previous findings, the underlying mechanism(s) of the action remains unclear. Here, we investigate the possibility that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the aspect."
6144,brain tumour,38761348,Hypogonadism as a consequence of craniopharyngioma in female patients: comparison of childhood and adult onset and effects of estrogen replacement therapy.,"(1) to compare clinical, biochemical features in female patients with hypoestrogenism due to childhood- and adult-onset CP; (2) to reveal effects of estrogen replacement therapy in female patients with childhood-onset CP."
6145,brain tumour,38761347,Clinical and therapeutic implications of cavernous sinus invasion in pituitary adenomas.,"Invasion of the cavernous sinus by pituitary adenomas impedes complete surgical resection, compromises biochemical remission, and increases the risk of further tumor recurrence. Accurate preoperative MRI-based diagnosis or intraoperative direct inspection of cavernous sinus invasion are essential for optimal surgical planning and for tailoring postoperative therapeutic strategies, depending on whether a total resection has been achieved, or tumoral tissue has been left in surgically inaccessible locations. The molecular mechanisms underlying the invasive behavior of pituitary adenomas remain poorly understood, hindering the development of targeted therapies. Some studies have identified genes overexpressed in pituitary adenomas invading the cavernous sinus, offering insights into the acquisition of invasive behavior. Their main limitation however lies in comparing purely intrasellar specimens obtained from invasive and non-invasive adenomas. Further, precise anatomical knowledge of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus is crucial for grasping the mechanisms of invasion. Recently, alongside the standard intrasellar surgery, extended endoscopic intracavernous surgical procedures with systematic selective resection of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus have shown promising results for invasive secreting pituitary adenomas. The first- and second-generation somatostatin agonist ligands and cabergoline are used with variable efficacy to control secretory activity and/or growth of intracavernous remnants. Tumor regrowth usually requires surgical reintervention, sometimes combined with radiotherapy or radiosurgery which is applied despite their benign nature. Unraveling the molecular pathways driving invasive behavior of pituitary adenomas and their tropism to the cavernous sinuses is the key for developing efficient innovative treatment modalities that could reduce the need for repeated surgery or radiotherapy."
6146,brain tumour,38761321,Appearance of fluid content in Rathke's cleft cyst is associated with clinical features and postoperative recurrence rates.,"The contents of Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs) vary from clear and slightly viscous to purulent. Surgical treatment of symptomatic RCCs involves removing the cyst contents, whereas additional cyst-wall opening to prevent reaccumulation is at the surgeon's discretion. The macroscopic findings of the cyst content can reflect the nature of RCCs and would aid in surgical method selection."
6147,brain tumour,38761314,HDAC inhibitors as a potential therapy for chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain.,"Cancer, a chronic disease characterized by uncontrolled cell development, kills millions of people globally. The WHO reported over 10 million cancer deaths in 2020. Anticancer medications destroy healthy and malignant cells. Cancer treatment induces neuropathy. Anticancer drugs cause harm to spinal cord, brain, and peripheral nerve somatosensory neurons, causing chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. The chemotherapy-induced mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain are not fully understood. However, neuroinflammation has been identified as one of the various pathways associated with the onset of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. The neuroinflammatory processes may exhibit varying characteristics based on the specific type of anticancer treatment delivered. Neuroinflammatory characteristics have been observed in the spinal cord, where microglia and astrocytes have a significant impact on the development of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. The patient's quality of life might be affected by sensory deprivation, loss of consciousness, paralysis, and severe disability. High cancer rates and ineffective treatments are associated with this disease. Recently, histone deacetylases have become a novel treatment target for chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain may be treated with histone deacetylase inhibitors. Histone deacetylase inhibitors may be a promising therapeutic treatment for chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Common chemotherapeutic drugs, mechanisms, therapeutic treatments for neuropathic pain, and histone deacetylase and its inhibitors in chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain are covered in this paper. We propose that histone deacetylase inhibitors may treat several aspects of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain, and identifying these inhibitors as potentially unique treatments is crucial to the development of various chemotherapeutic combination treatments."
6148,brain tumour,38761289,Enhancing clinical diagnostics: novel denoising methodology for brain MRI with adaptive masking and modified non-local block.,"Medical image denoising has been a subject of extensive research, with various techniques employed to enhance image quality and facilitate more accurate diagnostics. The evolution of denoising methods has highlighted impressive results but struggled to strike equilibrium between noise reduction and edge preservation which limits its applicability in various domains. This paper manifests the novel methodology that integrates an adaptive masking strategy, transformer-based U-Net Prior generator, edge enhancement module, and modified non-local block (MNLB) for denoising brain MRI clinical images. The adaptive masking strategy maintains the vital information through dynamic mask generation while the prior generator by capturing hierarchical features regenerates the high-quality prior MRI images. Finally, these images are fed to the edge enhancement module to boost structural information by maintaining crucial edge details, and the MNLB produces the denoised output by deriving non-local contextual information. The comprehensive experimental assessment is performed by employing two datasets namely the brain tumor MRI dataset and Alzheimer's dataset for diverse metrics and compared with conventional denoising approaches. The proposed denoising methodology achieves a PSNR of 40.965 and SSIM of 0.938 on the Alzheimer's dataset and also achieves a PSNR of 40.002 and SSIM of 0.926 on the brain tumor MRI dataset at a noise level of 50% revealing its supremacy in noise minimization. Furthermore, the impact of different masking ratios on denoising performance is analyzed which reveals that the proposed method showed PSNR of 40.965, SSIM of 0.938, MAE of 5.847, and MSE of 3.672 at the masking ratio of 60%. Moreover, the findings pave the way for the advancement of clinical image processing, facilitating precise detection of tumors in clinical MRI images."
6149,brain tumour,38761265,Evaluation of postoperative fluctuations in plasma sodium concentration and triphasic response after pediatric craniopharyngioma resection: A French cohort study.,Disturbances in plasma sodium levels are a major complication following recent resections of craniopharyngiomas in children. They must be properly managed to avoid neurological sequelae. We aimed to describe the variations and characteristics of postoperative natremia in children who had undergone a first craniopharyngioma resection with a particular focus on the frequency of triphasic syndrome in these patients.
6150,brain tumour,38761264,Pediatric-type low-grade gliomas in adolescents and young adults-challenges and emerging paradigms.,"Pediatric-type low-grade glioma (PLGG) encompasses a heterogeneous group of WHO grade 1 or 2 tumors and is the most common central nervous system tumor found in children. PLGG extends beyond pediatrics, into adolescents and young adults (AYA, ages 15-40). PLGG represents 25% of all gliomas diagnosed in AYA with differences in tumor location and molecular alterations compared to children, resulting in improved outcome for AYAs. Long-term outcome is excellent, though patients may suffer significant morbidity depending on tumor location. There are differences in treatment practices with radiation used to treat PLGG in AYAs more often than in children. Most PLGG in AYA harbor an alteration in the RAS/MAPK pathway, with limited insight into response to targeted therapy in this age group. This review discusses the epidemiology, current therapeutic approaches, and challenges in the management of PLGG in AYA."
6151,brain tumour,38761170,Risk-stratification for treatment de-intensification in WNT-pathway medulloblastoma: finding the optimal balance between survival and quality of survivorship.,"Advances in molecular biology have led to consensus classification of medulloblastoma into four broad molecular subgroups - wingless (WNT), sonic hedgehog (SHH), Group 3, and Group 4, respectively. Traditionally, children >3 years of age, with no/minimal residual tumor (<1.5 cm"
6152,brain tumour,38761153,Matrix Metalloproteinase- and pH-Sensitive Nanoparticle System Enhances Drug Retention and Penetration in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary malignant brain tumor with limited therapeutic options. One promising approach is local drug delivery, but the efficacy is hindered by limited diffusion and retention. To address this, we synthesized and developed a dual-sensitive nanoparticle (Dual-NP) system, formed between a dendrimer and dextran NPs, bound by a dual-sensitive [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and pH] linker designed to disassemble rapidly in the tumor microenvironment. The disassembly prompts the in situ formation of nanogels via a Schiff base reaction, prolonging Dual-NP retention and releasing small doxorubicin (Dox)-conjugated dendrimer NPs over time. The Dual-NPs were able to penetrate deep into 3D spheroid models and detected at the tumor site up to 6 days after a single intratumoral injection in an orthotopic mouse model of GBM. The prolonged presence of Dual-NPs in the tumor tissue resulted in a significant delay in tumor growth and an overall increase in survival compared to untreated or Dox-conjugated dendrimer NPs alone. This Dual-NP system has the potential to deliver a range of therapeutics for efficiently treating GBM and other solid tumors."
6153,brain tumour,38761040,High-Salt Diet Inhibits the Expression of Bmal1 and Promotes Atrial Fibrosis and Vulnerability to Atrial Fibrillation in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats.,"Hypertension is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), and brain and muscle arnt-like protein 1 (Bmal1) regulate circadian blood pressure and is implicated in several fibrotic disorders. Our hypothesis that Bmal1 inhibits atrial fibrosis and susceptibility to AF in salt-sensitive hypertension (SSHT) and our study provides a new target for the pathogenesis of AF induced by hypertension."
6154,brain tumour,38760850,IDH1 mutation produces R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG) and induces mir-182-5p expression to regulate cell cycle and tumor formation in glioma.,"Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2), are present in most gliomas. IDH1 mutation is an important prognostic marker in glioma. However, its regulatory mechanism in glioma remains incompletely understood."
6155,brain tumour,38760771,Dual-targeted delivery of temozolomide by multi-responsive nanoplatform via tumor microenvironment modulation for overcoming drug resistance to treat glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor with low survival rate. Currently, temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line drug for GBM treatment of which efficacy is unfortunately hindered by short circulation time and drug resistance associated to hypoxia and redox tumor microenvironment. Herein, a dual-targeted and multi-responsive nanoplatform is developed by loading TMZ in hollow manganese dioxide nanoparticles functionalized by polydopamine and targeting ligands RAP12 for photothermal and receptor-mediated dual-targeted delivery, respectively. After accumulated in GBM tumor site, the nanoplatform could respond to tumor microenvironment and simultaneously release manganese ion (Mn"
6156,brain tumour,38760648,"Quercetin's Restorative Properties in Male Mice with 3-Nitropropionic Acid-induced Huntington-like Symptoms: Molecular Docking, Behavioral, and Biochemical Assessment.","The neurotoxicity of 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is well known. Herein, the prophylactic versus therapeutic effects of quercetin (QCT) were investigated against 3-NP-induced behavioral anomalies and oxidative neural damage. Thirty male mice were assigned into five groups; the negative control group, the QCT group (25 mg/kg/day, p.o. for 21 days), the 3-NP group (17 days), the prophylactic group (QCT administration for 14 consecutive days, and then 3-NP was administrated), the therapeutic group (3-NP was administrated and then QCT for 21 days). At the end of the animal treatment, behavioral studies were assessed. Subsequently, the brain sample tissues were assessed for oxidative stress-related parameters and histological evaluation. Moreover, the potential interaction between 3-NP and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was evaluated by using a molecular docking study. 3-NP markedly led to neurotoxicity which was indicated by behavioral deficits (motor behavior, depression-like behavior, memory dysfunction, and passive avoidance) and oxidative damage. Blind and targeted molecular docking results showed good interaction between 3-NP and TNF-α. However, the prophylactic effects of QCT were superior to the therapeutic effects for attenuating 3-NP-induced neurobehavioral and oxidative neural changes in experimental mice, which histological changes of the brain's striatum region approved our findings. Taken together, the antioxidant activity of QCT remarkably could attenuate 3-NP-induced neurobehavioral deficits and mitochondrial dysfunctions in mice."
6157,brain tumour,38760632,"Medical treatment of functional pituitary adenomas, trials and tribulations.","Functioning pituitary adenomas (FPAs) include most frequently prolactinomas, somatotroph or corticotroph adenomas, while thyrotroph and gonadotroph adenomas are very rare. Despite their benign histological nature (aggressive tumors are rare and malignant ones exceptional), FPAs could cause significant morbidity and increased mortality due to complications associated with hormonal excess syndromes and/or mass effect leading to compression of adjacent structures. This mini review will focus on the increasing role of medical therapy in the multimodal treatment, which also includes transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) and radiotherapy."
6158,brain tumour,38760629,"Cognitive complaints in patients with untreated obstructive sleep apnea versus patients with neurological and respiratory diseases: prevalence, severity and risk factors.","Little is known about cognitive complaints (self-reported problems in cognitive functioning) in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). We compared the prevalence and severity of cognitive complaints in patients with untreated OSA to patients with neurological and respiratory diseases. We also studied risk factors for cognitive complaints across these diseases, including OSA."
6159,brain tumour,38760585,A prognostic neural epigenetic signature in high-grade glioma.,"Neural-tumor interactions drive glioma growth as evidenced in preclinical models, but clinical validation is limited. We present an epigenetically defined neural signature of glioblastoma that independently predicts patients' survival. We use reference signatures of neural cells to deconvolve tumor DNA and classify samples into low- or high-neural tumors. High-neural glioblastomas exhibit hypomethylated CpG sites and upregulation of genes associated with synaptic integration. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals a high abundance of malignant stemcell-like cells in high-neural glioblastoma, primarily of the neural lineage. These cells are further classified as neural-progenitor-cell-like, astrocyte-like and oligodendrocyte-progenitor-like, alongside oligodendrocytes and excitatory neurons. In line with these findings, high-neural glioblastoma cells engender neuron-to-glioma synapse formation in vitro and in vivo and show an unfavorable survival after xenografting. In patients, a high-neural signature is associated with decreased overall and progression-free survival. High-neural tumors also exhibit increased functional connectivity in magnetencephalography and resting-state magnet resonance imaging and can be detected via DNA analytes and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients' plasma. The prognostic importance of the neural signature was further validated in patients diagnosed with diffuse midline glioma. Our study presents an epigenetically defined malignant neural signature in high-grade gliomas that is prognostically relevant. High-neural gliomas likely require a maximized surgical resection approach for improved outcomes."
6160,brain tumour,38760510,Exploring the Biological Overlapping Between Brain Calcifications and Tumorgenesis.,"This article discusses a rare case of coexistent meningiomas and Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC). PFBC is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by brain calcifications and a variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms and signs, with pathogenic variants in specific genes. The study explores the potential link between PFBC and meningiomas, highlighting shared features like intralesional calcifications and common genes such as MEA6. The article also revisits PFBC patients developing other brain tumors, particularly gliomas, emphasizing the intersection of oncogenes like PDGFB and PDGFRB in both calcifications and tumor progression. In recent investigations, attention has extended beyond brain tumors to breast cancer metastasis, unveiling a noteworthy connection. These findings suggest a broader connection between brain calcifications and tumors, encouraging a reevaluation of therapeutic approaches for PFBC."
6161,brain tumour,38760500,Cancer mRNA vaccines: clinical advances and future opportunities.,"mRNA vaccines have been revolutionary in terms of their rapid development and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infections during the COVID-19 pandemic, and this technology has considerable potential for application to the treatment of cancer. Compared with traditional cancer vaccines based on proteins or peptides, mRNA vaccines reconcile the needs for both personalization and commercialization in a manner that is unique to each patient but not beholden to their HLA haplotype. A further advantage of mRNA vaccines is the availability of engineering strategies to improve their stability while retaining immunogenicity, enabling the induction of complementary innate and adaptive immune responses. Thus far, no mRNA-based cancer vaccines have received regulatory approval, although several phase I-II trials have yielded promising results, including in historically poorly immunogenic tumours. Furthermore, many early phase trials testing a wide range of vaccine designs are currently ongoing. In this Review, we describe the advantages of cancer mRNA vaccines and advances in clinical trials using both cell-based and nanoparticle-based delivery methods, with discussions of future combinations and iterations that might optimize the activity of these agents."
6162,brain tumour,38760442,IDH inhibition in gliomas: from preclinical models to clinical trials.,"Gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumours in adults and cannot usually be cured with standard cancer treatments. Gliomas show intratumoural and intertumoural heterogeneity at the histological and molecular levels, and they frequently contain mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) or IDH2 gene. IDH-mutant adult-type diffuse gliomas are subdivided into grade 2, 3 or 4 IDH-mutant astrocytomas and grade 2 or 3 IDH-mutant, 1p19q-codeleted oligodendrogliomas. The product of the mutated IDH genes, D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG), induces global DNA hypermethylation and interferes with immunity, leading to stimulation of tumour growth. Selective inhibitors of mutant IDH, such as ivosidenib and vorasidenib, have been shown to reduce D-2-HG levels and induce cellular differentiation in preclinical models and to induce MRI-detectable responses in early clinical trials. The phase III INDIGO trial has demonstrated superiority of vorasidenib, a brain-penetrant pan-mutant IDH inhibitor, over placebo in people with non-enhancing grade 2 IDH-mutant gliomas following surgery. In this Review, we describe the pathway of development of IDH inhibitors in IDH-mutant low-grade gliomas from preclinical models to clinical trials. We discuss the practice-changing implications of the INDIGO trial and consider new avenues of investigation in the field of IDH-mutant gliomas."
6163,brain tumour,38760012,Fluorescent Probes for Disease Diagnosis.,"The identification and detection of disease-related biomarkers is essential for early clinical diagnosis, evaluating disease progression, and for the development of therapeutics. Possessing the advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity, fluorescent probes have become effective tools for monitoring disease-related active molecules at the cellular level and "
6164,brain tumour,38759950,Mathematical modeling of brain metastases growth and response to therapies: A review.,"Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common intracranial tumor type and a significant health concern, affecting approximately 10% to 30% of all oncological patients. Although significant progress is being made, many aspects of the metastatic process to the brain and the growth of the resulting lesions are still not well understood. There is a need for an improved understanding of the growth dynamics and the response to treatment of these tumors. Mathematical models have been proven valuable for drawing inferences and making predictions in different fields of cancer research, but few mathematical works have considered BMs. This comprehensive review aims to establish a unified platform and contribute to fostering emerging efforts dedicated to enhancing our mathematical understanding of this intricate and challenging disease. We focus on the progress made in the initial stages of mathematical modeling research regarding BMs and the significant insights gained from such studies. We also explore the vital role of mathematical modeling in predicting treatment outcomes and enhancing the quality of clinical decision-making for patients facing BMs."
6165,brain tumour,38759897,Chitosan-PLGA mucoadhesive nanoparticles for gemcitabine repurposing for glioblastoma therapy.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly deadly brain tumor that does not respond satisfactorily to conventional treatment. The non-alkylating agent gemcitabine (GEM) has been proposed for treating GBM. It can overcome MGMT protein-mediated resistance, a major limitation of conventional therapy with the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ). However, GEM's high systemic toxicity and poor permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) pose significant challenges for its delivery to the brain. Thus, mucoadhesive poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) coated with chitosan (CH), suitable for intranasal GEM delivery, were proposed in this work. A central composite design (CCD) was implemented for NPs optimization, and NPs with appropriate characteristics for intranasal administration were obtained. in vitro studies revealed that the NPs possess excellent mucoadhesive properties and the ability to selectively release GEM in the simulated tumor tissue environment. in vitro studies using two human GBM cell lines (U215 and T98G) revealed the NPs' ability to promote GEM's antiproliferative activity to sensitize cells to the effect of TMZ. The findings of this work demonstrate that the developed CH-GEM-NPs are suitable delivery systems for GEM, both as a single therapy and as a chemosensitizer to the GBM gold standard therapy."
6166,brain tumour,38759785,Stereoscopic Monitoring Technique for Motor Area Tumors.,"The balance between comprehensive intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) for both upper and lower limbs while ensuring the reliability of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) is paramount in motor area surgery. It is commonly difficult to obtain good simultaneous stimulation of both upper and lower limbs. A series of factors can bias MEP accuracy, and inappropriate stimulation intensity can result in unreliable monitoring. The presented IONM technique is based on the concurrent use of both transcranial and cortical strip electrodes to facilitate simultaneous monitoring of both upper and lower limbs at optimized stimulation intensities to increase IONM accuracy during motor area surgery."
6167,brain tumour,38759782,Global Neurosurgical Challenges: A Focus on Central Asia.,"To evaluate the current state of neurosurgical care in Central Asia, identify the challenges and advancements, and propose recommendations to improve neurosurgical capabilities and access in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan."
6168,brain tumour,38759503,Impact of environmental pollutants on pediatric brain tumor incidence in New Jersey.,"The relationship between environmental contaminants and brain tumor incidence in adults has been thoroughly explored but research into how these contaminants affect pediatric brain tumor (PBT) incidence has not been explored. Children, typically having more limited geographical movement and thus more consistent environmental contaminant exposure, might offer more reliable insights into which environmental contaminants affect the incidence of brain tumors. The present study is the first to focus on exploring whether a possible association exists between the incidence of PBTs and exposure to environmental pollutants in New Jersey (NJ)."
6169,brain tumour,38759350,Anamnestic radiological metastases outcome surgical score (ARMO-S). A purpose of a predictive surgical scoring system for brain metastases.,"Several risk stratification scores have been suggested to aid prognostication and guide treatment strategies for brain metastases (BMs). However, the current scores do not focus on the specific neurosurgical population, therefore not predicting short-term mortality and postoperative performance status."
6170,brain tumour,38759308,Soft bioelectronics for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in neurological diseases.,"Physical and chemical signals in the central nervous system yield crucial information that is clinically relevant under both physiological and pathological conditions. The emerging field of bioelectronics focuses on the monitoring and manipulation of neurophysiological signals with high spatiotemporal resolution and minimal invasiveness. Significant advances have been realized through innovations in materials and structural design, which have markedly enhanced mechanical and electrical properties, biocompatibility, and overall device performance. The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of soft bioelectronics has been corroborated across a diverse array of pre-clinical settings. This review summarizes recent studies that underscore the developments and applications of soft bioelectronics in neurological disorders, including neuromonitoring, neuromodulation, tumor treatment, and biosensing. Limitations and outlooks of soft devices are also discussed in terms of power supply, wireless control, biocompatibility, and the integration of artificial intelligence. This review highlights the potential of soft bioelectronics as a future platform to promote deciphering brain functions and clinical outcomes of neurological diseases."
6171,brain tumour,38759277,"Effect of Rosmarinic Acid on Cell Proliferation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis Pathways in an Animal Model of Induced Glioblastoma Multiforme.","In brain tumors, the complexity of the pathophysiological processes such as oxidative stress, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis have seriously challenged the definitive treatment. Rosmarinic acid (RA), as a polyphenolic compound, has been found to prevent tumor progression in some aggressive cancers. This study was designed to evaluate the anticancer effects of RA on brain tumors."
6172,brain tumour,38759245,The role of reoperation in pediatric cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma.,"Cerebellar pilocytic astrocytomas (cPAs) in childhood have long been recognized to have a good prognosis after total resection, but the outcome after incomplete resective surgery remains largely unpredictable, with the incidence of radiological progressive disease ranging from 18% to 100%. It has been traditionally thought that gross-total resection was required for long-term survival, and small residuals were classically resected in a subsequent operation."
6173,brain tumour,38759048,Brain tumor segmentation based on the U-NET+⁣+ network with efficientnet encoder.,"Brain tumor is a highly destructive, aggressive, and fatal disease. The presence of brain tumors can disrupt the brain's ability to control body movements, consciousness, sensations, thoughts, speech, and memory. Brain tumors are often accompanied by symptoms like epilepsy, headaches, and sensory loss, leading to varying degrees of cognitive impairment in affected patients."
6174,brain tumour,38758975,Bioinspired Adaptive Microdrugs Enhance the Chemotherapy of Malignant Glioma: Beyond Their Nanodrugs.,"Solid nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery systems are usually confined to nanoscale due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect. However, they remain a great challenge for malignant glioma chemotherapy because of poor drug delivery efficiency and insufficient tumor penetration resulting from the blood-brain barrier/blood-brain tumor barrier (BBB/BBTB). Inspired by biological microparticles (e.g., cells) with excellent adaptive deformation, it is demonstrated that the adaptive microdrugs (even up to 3.0 µm in size) are more efficient than their nanodrugs (less than 200 nm in size) to cross BBB/BBTB and penetrate into tumor tissues, achieving highly efficient chemotherapy of malignant glioma. The distinct delivery of the adaptive microdrugs is mainly attributed to the enhanced interfacial binding and endocytosis via adaptive deformation. As expected, the obtained adaptive microdrugs exhibit enhanced accumulation, deep penetration, and cellular internalization into tumor tissues in comparison with nanodrugs, significantly improving the survival rate of glioblastoma mice. It is believed that the bioinspired adaptive microdrugs enable them to efficiently cross physiological barriers and deeply penetrate tumor tissues for drug delivery, providing an avenue for the treatment of solid tumors."
6175,brain tumour,38758780,Hypoxia coordinates the spatial landscape of myeloid cells within glioblastoma to affect survival.,"Myeloid cells are highly prevalent in glioblastoma (GBM), existing in a spectrum of phenotypic and activation states. We now have limited knowledge of the tumor microenvironment (TME) determinants that influence the localization and the functions of the diverse myeloid cell populations in GBM. Here, we have utilized orthogonal imaging mass cytometry with single-cell and spatial transcriptomic approaches to identify and map the various myeloid populations in the human GBM tumor microenvironment (TME). Our results show that different myeloid populations have distinct and reproducible compartmentalization patterns in the GBM TME that is driven by tissue hypoxia, regional chemokine signaling, and varied homotypic and heterotypic cellular interactions. We subsequently identified specific tumor subregions in GBM, based on composition of identified myeloid cell populations, that were linked to patient survival. Our results provide insight into the spatial organization of myeloid cell subpopulations in GBM, and how this is predictive of clinical outcome."
6176,brain tumour,38758750,Biomarkers for prognosis of meningioma patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Meningioma is the most common primary brain tumor and many studies have evaluated numerous biomarkers for their prognostic value, often with inconsistent results. Currently, no reliable biomarkers are available to predict the survival, recurrence, and progression of meningioma patients in clinical practice. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of immunohistochemistry-based (IHC) biomarkers of meningioma patients. A systematic literature search was conducted up to November 2023 on PubMed, CENTRAL, CINAHL Plus, and Scopus databases. Two authors independently reviewed the identified relevant studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the studies included. Meta-analyses were performed with the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and progression-free survival (PFS). The risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. A total of 100 studies with 16,745 patients were included in this review. As the promising markers to predict OS of meningioma patients, Ki-67/MIB-1 (HR = 1.03, 95%CI 1.02 to 1.05) was identified to associate with poor prognosis of the patients. Overexpression of cyclin A (HR = 4.91, 95%CI 1.38 to 17.44), topoisomerase II α (TOP2A) (HR = 4.90, 95%CI 2.96 to 8.12), p53 (HR = 2.40, 95%CI 1.73 to 3.34), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (HR = 1.61, 95%CI 1.36 to 1.90), and Ki-67 (HR = 1.33, 95%CI 1.21 to 1.46), were identified also as unfavorable prognostic biomarkers for poor RFS of meningioma patients. Conversely, positive progesterone receptor (PR) and p21 staining were associated with longer RFS and are considered biomarkers of favorable prognosis of meningioma patients (HR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.88 and HR = 1.89, 95%CI 1.11 to 3.20). Additionally, high expression of Ki-67 was identified as a prognosis biomarker for poor PFS of meningioma patients (HR = 1.02, 95%CI 1.00 to 1.04). Although only in single studies, KPNA2, CDK6, Cox-2, MCM7 and PCNA are proposed as additional markers with high expression that are related with poor prognosis of meningioma patients. In conclusion, the results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that PR, cyclin A, TOP2A, p21, p53, VEGF and Ki-67 are either positively or negatively associated with survival of meningioma patients and might be useful biomarkers to assess the prognosis."
6177,brain tumour,38758727,Alkylating agents are possible inducers of glioblastoma and other brain tumors.,"Epidemiological evidence of an association between exposure to chemical carcinogens and an increased risk for development of glioblastoma (GBM) is limited to weak statistical associations in cohorts of firefighters, farmers, residents exposed to air pollution, and soldiers exposed to toxic chemicals (e.g., military burn pits, oil-well fire smoke). A history of ionizing radiation therapy to the head or neck is associated with an increased risk of GBM. Ionizing radiation induces point mutations, frameshift mutations, double-strand breaks, and chromosomal insertions or deletions. Mutational profiles associated with chemical exposures overlap with the broad mutational patterns seen with ionizing radiation. Data on 16 agents (15 chemicals and radio frequency radiation) that induced tumors in the rodent brain were extracted from 602 Technical Reports on 2-years cancer bioassays found in the National Toxicology Program database. Ten of the 15 chemical agents that induce brain tumors are alkylating agents. Three of the 15 chemical agents have idiosyncratic structures and might be alkylating agents. Only two of the 15 chemical agents are definitively not alkylating agents. The rat model is thought to be of possible relevance to humans suggesting that exposure to alkylating chemicals should be considered in epidemiology studies on GBM and other brain tumors."
6178,brain tumour,38758649,Modulation of GPR133 (ADGRD1) signaling by its intracellular interaction partner extended synaptotagmin 1.,"GPR133 (ADGRD1) is an adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor that signals through Gαs/cyclic AMP (cAMP) and is required for the growth of glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive brain malignancy. The regulation of GPR133 signaling is incompletely understood. Here, we use proximity biotinylation proteomics to identify ESYT1, a Ca"
6179,brain tumour,38758505,Knockdown of SCN5A alters metabolic-associated genes and aggravates hypertrophy in the cardiomyoblast.,"SCN5A mutations have been reported to cause various cardiomyopathies in humans. Most of the SCN5A mutations causes loss of function and thereby, alters the overall cellular function. Therefore, to understand the loss of SCN5A function in cardiomyocytes, we have knocked down the SCN5A gene (SCN5A-KD) in H9c2 cells and explored the cell phenotype and molecular behaviors in the presence and absence of isoproterenol (ISO), an adrenergic receptor agonist that induces cardiac hypertrophy. Expression of several genes related to hypertrophy, inflammation, fibrosis, and energy metabolism pathways were evaluated. It was found that the mRNA expression of hypertrophy-related gene, brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP) was significantly increased in SCN5A-KD cells as compared to 'control' H9c2 cells. There was a further increase in the mRNA expressions of BNP and βMHC in SCN5A-KD cells after ISO treatment compared to their respective controls. Pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression was significantly increased in 'SCN5A-KD' H9c2 cells. Further, metabolism-related genes like glucose transporter type 4, cluster of differentiation 36, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma were significantly elevated in the SCN5A-KD cells as compared to the control cells. Upregulation of these metabolic genes is associated with increased ATP production. The study revealed that SCN5A knock-down causes alteration of gene expression related to cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, and energy metabolism pathways, which may promote cardiac remodelling and cardiomyopathy."
6180,brain tumour,38758453,Abnormal circadian rhythms and cell death associated with neutrophil extracellular trap play a role in skin cancer caused by long-term blue light irradiation.,No abstract found
6181,brain tumour,38758238,"Genome-wide loss of heterozygosity predicts aggressive, treatment-refractory behavior in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.","Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) exhibiting aggressive, treatment-refractory behavior are the rare subset that progress after surgery, conventional medical therapies, and an initial course of radiation and are characterized by unrelenting growth and/or metastatic dissemination. Two groups of patients with PitNETs were sequenced: a prospective group of patients (n = 66) who consented to sequencing prior to surgery and a retrospective group (n = 26) comprised of aggressive/higher risk PitNETs. A higher mutational burden and fraction of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was found in the aggressive, treatment-refractory PitNETs compared to the benign tumors (p = 1.3 × 10"
6182,brain tumour,38758235,Investigating the role of TGF-β and BDNF in cancer-related depression: a primary cross-sectional study.,"Cancer-related depression is a well-documented condition that significantly impacts long-term quality of life. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin essential for neurogenesis and neuronal plasticity, has been implicated in various neuropsychological disorders including depression associated with cancer. Cytokines, on the other hand, play a crucial role in regulating depression, potentially by influencing BDNF expression. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a key immune regulator within the tumor microenvironment, has been found to elevate BDNF levels, establishing a link between peripheral immune responses and depression. The study aims to investigate the correlation of TGF-β and BDNF in cancer-related depression."
6183,brain tumour,38757376,Oncogenic composite mutations can be predicted by co-mutations and their chromosomal location.,"Genetic heterogeneity in tumors can show a remarkable selectivity when two or more independent genetic events occur in the same gene. This phenomenon, called composite mutation, points toward a selective pressure, which frequently causes therapy resistance to mutation-specific drugs. Since composite mutations have been described to occur in sub-clonal populations, they are not always captured through biopsy sampling. Here, we provide a proof of concept to predict composite mutations to anticipate which patients might be at risk for sub-clonally driven therapy resistance. We found that composite mutations occur in 5% of cancer patients, mostly affecting the PIK3CA, EGFR, BRAF, and KRAS genes, which are common precision medicine targets. Furthermore, we found a strong and significant relationship between the frequencies of composite mutations with commonly co-occurring mutations in a non-composite context. We also found that co-mutations are significantly enriched on the same chromosome. These observations were independently confirmed using cell line data. Finally, we show the feasibility of predicting compositive mutations based on their co-mutations (AUC 0.62, 0.81, 0.82, and 0.91 for EGFR, PIK3CA, KRAS, and BRAF, respectively). This prediction model could help to stratify patients who are at risk of developing therapy resistance-causing mutations."
6184,brain tumour,38756997,A clinicopathological study of non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumours using the World Health Organization 2022 classification.,"The 2022 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of pituitary neuroendocrine tumour (PitNET) supersedes the previous one in 2017 and further consolidates the role of transcription factors (TF) in the diagnosis of PitNET. Here, we investigated the clinical utility of the 2022 WHO classification, as compared to that of 2017, in a cohort of patients with non-functioning PitNET (NF-PitNET)."
6185,brain tumour,38756871,Optimizing perampanel monotherapy for surgically resected brain tumors.,"Perampanel (PER) is an antiseizure medication (ASM) with a unique mechanism of action, which was approved in Japan for use in combination therapy in 2016 and as a monotherapy in 2020. It has exerted antitumor effects against several types of tumors "
6186,brain tumour,38756654,Impact of treatment and clinical characteristics on the survival of children with medulloblastoma in Mexico.,"Data on medulloblastoma outcomes and experiences in low- and middle-income countries, especially in Latin America, is limited. This study examines challenges in Mexico's healthcare system, focusing on assessing outcomes for children with medulloblastoma in a tertiary care setting."
6187,brain tumour,38756588,The janus face of serotonin: Regenerative promoter and chronic liver disease aggravator.,"The progression of liver diseases, from viral hepatitis and fatty liver disease to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the most representative series of pathological events in liver diseases. While serotonin (5-HT) primarily regulates brain functions such as psychology, mood, and appetite in the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral 5-HT plays a crucial role in regulating tumor development, glucose and lipid metabolism, immune function and inflammatory response related to liver diseases. These peripheral physiological processes involving 5-HT are the key mechanisms driving the development of these liver diseases. This study presents an overview of the existing literature, focusing on the role of 5-HT in HCC, cirrhosis, fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, and liver injury. In summary, while 5-HT promotes liver regeneration, it can also contribute to the progression of chronic liver disease. These findings indicate the potential for the development and use of 5-HT-related drugs for the treatment of liver diseases, including HCC and cirrhosis."
6188,brain tumour,38756585,The gut-brain-axis: A positive relationship between gut microbial dysbiosis and glioblastoma brain tumour.,"The glioblastoma brain tumour (GBM) stands out as the most aggressive and resistant-to-treatment malignancy. Nevertheless, the gut-brain connection plays a pivotal role in influencing the growth and activation of the central nervous system. In this particular investigation, we aimed to assess and characterize the gut microbial ecosystem in GBM patients, both quantitatively and qualitatively. We collected faecal samples from 15 healthy volunteers and 25 GBM patients. To delve into the microbial content, we employed PCR-DGGE, targeting the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene, and conducted qPCR to measure the levels of crucial intestinal bacteria. For a more in-depth analysis, high-throughput sequencing was performed on a selection of 20 random faecal samples (10 from healthy individuals and 10 from GBM patients), targeting the V3+V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Our findings from examining the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota unveiled that GBM patients exhibited significantly higher microbial diversity compared to healthy individuals. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria saw a significant increase, while "
6189,brain tumour,38756143,Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Optic Canal Dural Metastasis in a Patient with Progressive Visual Dysfunction: A Case Report.,"To improve optic nerve function in a patient with progressive visual dysfunction, performing early decompressive and debulking surgery for a metastatic tumor located in the optic canal is essential. The endoscopic endonasal approach could be a practical and effective alternative for lesions in the inferomedial part of the optic canal. A 66-year-old man with a right visual eye field deficit had multiple lesions in the pineal gland, occipital lobe, and right inferomedial optic canal. The optic nerve was distorted by a tumor compressing against the falciform ligament. Although a systemic examination suggested the presence of primary lung cancer, the patient only complained of progressive visual impairment in the right eye. We planned surgery with endoscopic transethmoidal and transsphenoidal approaches to restore visual function and make a pathological diagnosis. During the procedure, we drilled the sella floor, tuberculum sellae, and optic canal and successfully removed the tumor underneath the dura mater. The patient's visual function improved rapidly following surgery, and no complications were observed, such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage. After confirming the pathological diagnosis, the patient subsequently received whole-brain radiotherapy. The endoscopic endonasal skull base approach to the optic canal region could be a practical alternative for treating symptomatic metastatic tumors."
6190,brain tumour,38756075,Structure-Based Virtual Screening Identifying Novel FOXM1 Inhibitors as the Lead Compounds for Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly heterogeneous brain tumor with limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as a critical factor in GBM resistance and management, contributing to tumor growth, heterogeneity, and immunosuppression. The transcription factor FOXM1 has been identified as a key player in the progression, spread, and therapy resistance of various cancers, including GBM."
6191,brain tumour,38756074,Stem Cell Markers in Neoplasms and their Relationship with Progression-free and Overall Survival in Patients with Recurrence.,"Gliomas account for 30% of primary brain tumors in adults, and despite the scientific progress in the field, recurrence is prevalent. Glioma Stem Cells (GSCs) can generate tumor cells in vivo and in vitro and they are associated with treatment resistance, tumor progression, and recurrence. Furthermore, the expression of SOX transcription factors (SOX1, SOX2, SOX9) in these cells is responsible for maintaining an oncogenic genotype and is associated with an aggressive tumor phenotype. The relationship between SOX transcription factors and their prognostic role in recurrent gliomas has not been described in detail. Therefore, we set out to describe the relationship between SOX expression and Progression-free Survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS) in patients with recurrent gliomas."
6192,brain tumour,38755545,"Parkinson's disease with anxiety: clinical characteristics and their correlation with oxidative stress, inflammation, and pathological proteins.","This study was performed to explore the differences in the clinical characteristics and oxidative stress indicators, inflammatory factors, and pathological proteins in serum between Parkinson's disease (PD) with anxiety (PD-A) and with no anxiety (PD-NA) patients, and further correlations among clinical characteristics and above variables were analyzed in PD-A and PD-NA groups."
6193,brain tumour,38755519,Detection of tumor-derived cell-free DNA in cerebrospinal fluid using a clinically validated targeted sequencing panel for pediatric brain tumors.,"Clinical sequencing of tumor DNA is necessary to render an integrated diagnosis and select therapy for children with primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors, but neurosurgical biopsy is not without risk. In this study, we describe cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as sources for ""liquid biopsy"" in pediatric brain tumors."
6194,brain tumour,38755213,Multi-omic analysis identifies hypoalbuminemia as independent biomarker of poor outcome upon PD-1 blockade in metastatic melanoma.,"We evaluated the prognostic value of hypoalbuminemia in context of various biomarkers at baseline, including clinical, genomic, transcriptomic, and blood-based markers, in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy or anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 combination therapy (n = 178). An independent validation cohort (n = 79) was used to validate the performance of hypoalbuminemia compared to serum LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) levels. Pre-treatment hypoalbuminemia emerged as the strongest predictor of poor outcome for both OS (HR = 4.01, 95% CI 2.10-7.67, Cox P = 2.63e-05) and PFS (HR = 3.72, 95% CI 2.06-6.73, Cox P = 1.38e-05) in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, the association of hypoalbuminemia with PFS was independent of serum LDH, IFN-γ signature expression, TMB, age, ECOG PS, treatment line, treatment type (combination or monotherapy), brain and liver metastasis (HR = 2.76, 95% CI 1.24-6.13, Cox P = 0.0131). Our validation cohort confirmed the prognostic power of hypoalbuminemia for OS (HR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.16-3.38; Cox P = 0.0127) and was complementary to serum LDH in analyses for both OS (LDH-adjusted HR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.2-3.72, Cox P = 0.00925) and PFS (LDH-adjusted HR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.08-3.38, Cox P = 0.0261). In conclusion, pretreatment hypoalbuminemia was a powerful predictor of outcome in ICI in melanoma and showed remarkable complementarity to previously established biomarkers, including high LDH."
6195,brain tumour,38754891,Preoperative walking exercise to improve prognosis in patients with supratentorial brain tumours after craniotomy: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.,Cardiopulmonary complications and cognitive impairment following craniotomy have a significantly impact on the general health of individuals with brain tumours. Observational research indicates that engaging in walking is linked to better prognosis in patient after surgery. This trial aims to explore whether walking exercise prior to craniotomy in brain tumour patients can reduce the incidence of cardiopulmonary complications and preserve patients' cognitive function.
6196,brain tumour,38754780,Five-year analysis of neoadjuvant dabrafenib and trametinib for stage III melanoma.,Neoadjuvant dabrafenib plus trametinib has a high pathological response rate and impressive short-term survival in patients with resectable stage III melanoma. We report 5-year outcomes from the phase II NeoCombi trial.
6197,brain tumour,38754752,Extracellular vesicles in glioblastoma: Biomarkers and therapeutic tools.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive tumor among the gliomas and intracranial tumors and to date prognosis for GBM patients remains poor, with a median survival typically measured in months to a few years depending on various factors. Although standardized therapies are routinely employed, it is clear that these strategies are unable to cope with heterogeneity and invasiveness of GBM. Furthermore, diagnosis and monitoring of responses to therapies are directly dependent on tissue biopsies or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. From this point of view, liquid biopsies are arising as key sources of a variety of biomarkers with the advantage of being easily accessible and monitorable. In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs), physiologically shed into body fluids by virtually all cells, are gaining increasing interest both as natural carriers of biomarkers and as specific signatures even for GBM. What makes these vesicles particularly attractive is they are also emerging as therapeutical vehicles to treat GBM given their native ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we reviewed recent advances on the use of EVs as biomarker for liquid biopsy and nanocarriers for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs in glioblastoma."
6198,brain tumour,38754394,The Role of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression in Pituitary Tumours: Lessons from the Current Literature.,"Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and PD ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression predict the biological behaviour, aggressiveness, and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in different cancers. We reviewed the published data on PD-L1 expression in pituitary tumours from the perspective of its biological role and prognostic usefulness."
6199,brain tumour,38754070,"Unveiling new thiazole-clubbed piperazine derivatives as multitarget anti-AD: Design, synthesis, and in silico studies.","New thiazole-clubbed piperazine derivatives were designed, synthesized, evaluated for their inhibitory capabilities against human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (hAChE and/or hBuChE) and β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, and investigated for their metal chelating potential as multitarget agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Compounds 10, 19-21, and 24 showed the highest hAChE inhibitory activity at submicromolar concentrations, of which compound 10 was the most potent with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC"
6200,brain tumour,38754050,The Clinical Utility of a Tiered Approach to Pediatric Glioma Molecular Characterization for Resource-Limited Settings.,"Molecular characterization is key to optimally diagnose and manage cancer. The complexity and cost of routine genomic analysis have unfortunately limited its use and denied many patients access to precision medicine. A possible solution is to rationalize use-creating a tiered approach to testing which uses inexpensive techniques for most patients and limits expensive testing to patients with the highest needs. Here, we tested the utility of this approach to molecularly characterize pediatric glioma in a cost- and time-sensitive manner."
6201,brain tumour,38753473,Evolving concepts in meningioma management in the era of genomics.,"Meningioma is the most common type of primary brain tumor. Surgical resection followed by surveillance is the first-line treatment for the majority of symptomatic meningiomas; however, recent advances in molecular sequencing, DNA methylation, proteomics, and single-cell sequencing provide insights into further characterizing this heterogeneous group of tumors with a wide range of prognoses. A subset of these tumors are highly aggressive and cause severe morbidity and mortality. Therefore, identifying those individuals with a poor prognosis and intervening are critical. This review aims to help readers interpret the molecular profiling of meningiomas to identify patients with worse prognoses and guide the management and strategy for surveillance."
6202,brain tumour,38753401,CIC::NUTM1 sarcoma in a 6-year-old male patient arising from the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle: A case report.,No abstract found
6203,brain tumour,38753385,BRAF/MEK inhibitors use to treat ventriculoperitoneal shunt-associated ascites in pediatric low-grade gliomas.,No abstract found
6204,brain tumour,38753222,Novel combination of Olesoxime/Resveratrol-encapsulated exosomes to improve cognitive function by targeting amyloid β-induced Alzheimer's disease: investigation on in vitro and in vivo model.,Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal neurological illness that worsens with time. Preventing the aggregate formation of amyloid beta protein is a promising approach to treat Alzheimer's disease. This article describes an amiable procedure for the synthesis of Olesoxime-Resveratrol (OLX-RSV) encapsulated in exosomes. By suppressing Aβ
6205,brain tumour,38753169,Effect of radiochemotherapy on peripheral immune response in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary brain tumor with a dismal prognosis, often resistant to immunotherapy and associated with immune suppression. This study aimed to assess the impact of steroids and Stupp-regimen treatment on peripheral blood immune parameters in GBM patients and their association with outcomes."
6206,brain tumour,38753093,Long term follow-up of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma treated by intraoperative photodynamic therapy: an update from the INDYGO trial (NCT03048240).,"Glioblastoma remains incurable despite optimal multimodal management. The interim analysis of open label, single arm INDYGO pilot trial showed actuarial 12-months progression-free survival (PFS) of 60% (median 17.1 months), actuarial 12-months overall survival (OS) of 80% (median 23.1 months). We report updated, exploratory analyses of OS, PFS, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for patients receiving intraoperative photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA HCl)."
6207,brain tumour,38753032,Neurocognition in Pediatric Temporal Lobe Tumor-Related Epilepsy.,Tumor-related epilepsy is a common and understudied neurological comorbidity among pediatric temporal lobe tumor patients that poses risk for neurocognitive impairment (NCI). Forty-one youth with either TLT+ (
6208,brain tumour,38753004,Correction: Takotsubo syndrome linked to paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity as a postoperative complication after brain tumor removal: a case report and literature review.,No abstract found
6209,brain tumour,38752890,Singular Value Decomposition-Based Penalized Multinomial Regression for Classifying Imbalanced Medulloblastoma Subgroups Using Methylation Data.,
6210,brain tumour,38752708,FYN as an emerging biological biomarker for prognosis and potential therapeutic target in LGG.,"This study aimed to explore the expression, clinical significance, and functional mechanism of FYN in lower-grade gliomas (LGG)."
6211,brain tumour,38752685,Stability and variability of molecular subtypes: comparative analysis of primary and metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.,"Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous and aggressive cancer. Although our previous study classified primary TNBC into four subtypes, comprehensive longitudinal investigations are lacking."
6212,brain tumour,38752635,"GPR56, an Adhesion GPCR with Multiple Roles in Human Diseases, Current Status and Future Perspective.","Human G protein-coupled receptor 56 (GPR56) belongs to a member of the adhesion G-protein coupled receptor (aGPCR) family and widely exists in the central nervous system and various types of tumor tissues. Recent studies have shown that abnormal expression or dysfunction of GPR56 is closely associated with many physiological and pathological processes, including brain development, neuropsychiatric disorders, cardiovascular diseases and cancer progression. In addition, GPR56 has been proven to enhance the susceptibility of some antipsychotics and anticarcinogens in response to the treatment of neuropsychological diseases and cancer. Although there have been some reports about the functions of GPR56, the underlying mechanisms implicated in these diseases have not been clarified thoroughly, especially in depression and epilepsy. Therefore, in this review, we described the molecular structure and signal transduction pathway of GPR56 and carried out a comprehensive summary of GPR56's function in the development of psychiatric disorders and cancer. Our review showed that GPR56 deficiency led to depressive-like behaviors and an increase in resistance to antipsychotic treatment. In contrast, the upregulation of GPR56 contributed to tumor cell proliferation and metastasis in malignant diseases such as glioblastoma, colorectal cancer, and ovarian cancer. Moreover, we elucidated specific signaling pathways downstream of GPR56 related to the pathogenesis of these diseases. In summary, our review provides compelling arguments for an attractive therapeutic target of GPR56 in improving the therapeutic efficiency for patients suffering from psychiatric disorders and cancer."
6213,brain tumour,38752474,Cardiovascular adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A retrospective multicenter cohort study.,"Over the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly transformed cancer treatment. However, ICIs inevitably may cause a spectrum of immune-related adverse events, among which cardiovascular toxicity, particularly myocarditis, while infrequent, has garnered increasing attention due to its high fatality rate."
6214,brain tumour,38752341,Fabrication of porous poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) micropowder for microbubble effect and ultrasound-mediated drug delivery.,"Biodegradable elastic poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) copolymer (50:50, lactide:caprolactone molar ratio) was synthesized and porous PLCL micropowders was fabricated by a simple method involving rapid cooling of 0.1, 0.5, and 1% (wt/vol) PLCL/dioxane spray into liquid nitrogen. The physicochemical properties of the porous PLCL micropowders were examined by measuring their pore size, pore morphology, and microbead size using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dye and temozolomide (TMZ)-release testing under ultrasound. Human U-87MG, glioblastoma (GBM) cell culture tests were performed to evaluate cell cytotoxicity by released drug from PLCL micropowders. In this study, the porous PLCL micropowders prepared from 1 wt%/vol% PLCL solutions showed a highly porous structure, satisfactory mechanical properties, and optimal drug release efficiency compared with those produced from 0.1 or 0.5 wt%/vol% solutions. The results of the accumulated release test with the results of the absorbance of the dye initially applied, it was confirmed that more than 80% of the added dye was trapped inside the micropowder, and clearly GBM cytotoxicity effect could be observed by the released TMZ. The drug release system using micropowders and ultrasound can be applied as a drug supply system for various diseases such as brain tumors with low drug permeability."
6215,brain tumour,38752177,"Diagnosis rates, therapeutic characteristics, lifestyle, and cancer screening habits of patients with diabetes mellitus in a highly deprived region in Hungary: a cross-sectional analysis.","Low socioeconomic status affects not only diagnosis rates and therapy of patients with diabetes mellitus but also their health behavior. Our primary goal was to examine diagnosis rates and therapy of individuals with diabetes living in Ormánság, one of the most deprived areas in Hungary and Europe. Our secondary goal was to examine the differences in lifestyle factors and cancer screening participation of patients with diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes compared to healthy participants."
6216,brain tumour,38752105,Solitary Fibrous Tumor With an Acute Subdural Hematoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.,"Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare interstitial tumor that originates from various soft tissues, and SFTs occurring within the cranium are extremely rare. While intracranial SFTs with cerebral hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage have been reported, there have been no reports of intracranial SFTs causing subdural hematoma. In this case, we report on an intracranial SFT accompanied by a subdural hematoma. A 29-year-old female was emergently transported due to the sudden onset of persistent headache and vomiting that began the night before. CT and MRI imaging revealed a hemorrhagic tumor under the tentorium and an acute subdural hematoma extending along the tentorium. The excised tumor was diagnosed as an SFT through histopathological examination. After undergoing radiation therapy, no recurrence has been observed. This is the first case report of an SFT accompanied by a subdural hematoma, and it is vital to recognize that SFTs can be associated with subdural hematomas for proper diagnosis and treatment planning."
6217,brain tumour,38752074,Congenital Disseminated Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor Mimicking a Vascular Lesion.,"A congenital disseminated malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is an exceedingly rare and aggressive pediatric cancer marked by the presence of malignant rhabdoid cells in various organs, including the brain, kidneys, and soft tissues, at birth. It is often detected prenatally or shortly post-birth. The malignancy's aggressiveness results in a bleak prognosis, offering limited treatment options and low survival rates. Early diagnosis and comprehensive medical intervention are crucial, but managing this condition is complicated by its rarity. We herein presented a case of a 37 and 1/7 week gestation male infant with a rapidly growing arm soft tissue mass within two weeks, diagnosed as an MRT. Post-delivery examinations revealed multiple lesions in the lungs, kidney, liver, and adrenal glands. Notably, chemotherapy yielded a significant improvement in the arm lesion, contrasting with other lesions showing a limited response. This observation suggests potential tumor heterogeneity, emphasizing the necessity of diverse therapeutic regimens. Our case underscores the complexities of congenital disseminated MRT, prompting a reevaluation of treatment strategies for enhanced efficacy in managing this challenging pediatric cancer."
6218,brain tumour,38751771,Lung Transplantation in Controlled Donation after Circulatory-Determination-of-Death Using Normothermic Abdominal Perfusion.,"The main limitation to increased rates of lung transplantation (LT) continues to be the availability of suitable donors. At present, the largest source of lung allografts is still donation after the neurologic determination of death (brain-death donors, DBD). However, only 20% of these donors provide acceptable lung allografts for transplantation. One of the proposed strategies to increase the lung donor pool is the use of donors after circulatory-determination-of-death (DCD), which has the potential to significantly alleviate the shortage of transplantable lungs. According to the Maastricht classification, there are five types of DCD donors. The first two categories are uncontrolled DCD donors (uDCD); the other three are controlled DCD donors (cDCD). Clinical experience with uncontrolled DCD donors is scarce and remains limited to small case series. Controlled DCD donation, meanwhile, is the most accepted type of DCD donation for lungs. Although the DCD donor pool has significantly increased, it is still underutilized worldwide. To achieve a high retrieval rate, experience with DCD donation, adequate management of the potential DCD donor at the intensive care unit (ICU), and expertise in combined organ procurement are critical. This review presents a concise update of lung donation after circulatory-determination-of-death and includes a step-by-step protocol of lung procurement using abdominal normothermic regional perfusion."
6219,brain tumour,38751754,Personalized therapy guided by longitudinal liquid biopsies for treatment of leptomeningeal disease from lung adenocarcinoma: A case report.,"Molecular-based targeted therapies have significantly benefited certain patients with cancer; however, those with leptomeningeal disease (LMD) persistently exhibit a poor prognosis and are often excluded from clinical trials. Tumor-derived cell-free (cf)DNA, found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with LMD, can assist in diagnosis and tracking of disease progression. However, the utilization of CSF to direct targeted cancer therapy has yet to be extensively explored. The present study reported the case of a patient with lung adenocarcinoma and LMD who was monitored by performing a series of liquid biopsies of CSF and blood. Targeted sequencing was performed on cfDNA from the CSF and plasma, and the variant allele frequencies (VAFs) of BRAF and NRAS mutations were assessed and analyzed in conjunction with the clinical presentation of the patient. The patient then underwent serial chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy and targeted treatment based on the results of the liquid biopsies. Upon the LMD diagnosis, a BRAF p.V600E mutation was detected in plasma cfDNA. Consequently, the patient was treated with vemurafenib and responded favorably to this consolidation treatment for 13 months. After a relapse in July 2018, both BRAF p.V600E and NRAS p.Q61K mutations were detected in CSF supernatant and sediment cell samples, suggesting drug resistance. Therefore, the treatment strategy for the patient changed to cobimetnib plus vemurafenib. Notably, the changes of VAF in the CSF supernatant samples were associated with the clinical status of the patient. The patient survived for 33 months post-LMD diagnosis. The present case report highlights the potential use of liquid biopsy in personalized therapy, as it was instrumental in informing the combinational treatment plan of the patient, which ultimately proved beneficial."
6220,brain tumour,38751701,Synergistic Effects of Neratinib in Combination With Palbociclib or Miransertib in Brain Cancer Cells.,"Aberrant expression and activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) resulted in approval of several forms of EGFR inhibitors in the treatment of patients with a wide range of epithelial cancers. However, no EGFR inhibitor has yet been approved for the treatment of patients with brain cancer, indicating that targeting EGFR alone may not be sufficient in some patients."
6221,brain tumour,38751406,Prognostic Factors and Impact of Therapeutic Intervention in Patients With Brain Metastases at the Initial Presentation.,"Background Studies investigating the normative characteristics and prognosis of patients diagnosed with brain metastases (BMs) at the onset of cancer are scarce. Therefore, we analyzed real-world treatment options. Methodology This retrospective study enrolled 112 patients newly diagnosed with BM between May 2006 and October 2021. The variables examined included patients' age, sex, recurrence split analysis, Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), number of lesions, tumor size, peripheral brain tumor edema, targeted therapy, supportive care, chemotherapy, and date of onset. Prognostic factors were assessed using recursive partitioning analysis (RPA), graded prognostic assessment (GPA) scores, and GPS scoring, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) studies. Primary treatment comprised whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), with regular follow-up. Results Data from 112 survivors were analyzed, revealing a median overall survival time (MST) of 7.7 months, with some patients surviving beyond 24 months post-WBRT. Univariate analysis revealed associations between MST and RPA class, GPS, and treatment modalities (including targeted therapy and chemotherapy). RPA class 2, GPS of 0, and targeted therapy were identified as predictors of better prognosis in the multivariate analysis. In the subgroup not receiving chemotherapy, no significant difference in prognosis was seen between groups with or without WBRT. Conclusions Alongside RPA, scores indicating chronic inflammatory changes, including GPS, were confirmed as crucial prognostic factors. Moreover, treatment with molecularly targeted drugs correlated with favorable prognoses. The treatment-naïve group exhibited poorer prognoses, and WBRT was not deemed a significant prognostic factor in the chemotherapy group."
6222,brain tumour,38751398,,
6223,brain tumour,38751390,Correlation of Venous Blood Sugar Measured by Lab Method and Capillary Blood Sugar Measured by Glucometer in Neurosurgical Patients Receiving Dexamethasone.,
6224,brain tumour,38751388,Hydrocephalus following Brain Tumor Surgery: Factors Correlating with Occurrence of Postoperative Hydrocephalus and Predictive Scoring Model.,"Hydrocephalus following brain tumor surgery is found, although cause of hydrocephalus is optimally eradicated. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with development of postoperative hydrocephalus that requires shunt procedure and generate predictive scoring model of this condition. Demographic, clinical, radiographic, treatment, laboratory, complication, and postoperative data were collected. Binary logistic regression was used to investigate final model for generating predictive scoring system of postoperative hydrocephalus. A total of 179 patients undergoing brain tumor surgery were included. Forty-five (25.1%) patients had postoperative hydrocephalus that required shunt surgery. In univariate analysis, several factors were found to be associated with postoperative hydrocephalus. Strong predictors of postoperative hydrocephalus revealed in multivariate analysis included tumor recurrence before surgery (odds ratio [OR], 4.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-14.98; "
6225,brain tumour,38750893,Bony Surface-Matching Registration of Neuronavigation with Sectioned 3-Dimensional Skull in Prone Position.,"Neuronavigation has become an essential system for brain tumor resections. It is sometimes difficult to obtain accurate registration of the neuronavigation with the patient in the prone position. Bony surface-matching registration should be more precise than skin surface-matching registration; however, it is difficult to establish bony registration with limited exposed bone. We created a new bony surface-matching method to a sectioned 3-dimensional (3D) virtual skull in a neuronavigation system and registered with a sectioned 3D skull. In this study, the bony surface-matching with sectioned 3D registration is applied to provide precise registration for brain tumor resection in the prone position."
6226,brain tumour,38750720,Harnessing the capacity of phytochemicals to enhance immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy of cancers: A focus on brain malignancies.,"Brain cancers, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are challenging health issues with frequent unmet aspects. Today, discovering safe and effective therapeutic modalities for brain tumors is among the top research interests. Immunotherapy is an emerging area of investigation in cancer treatment. Since immune checkpoints play fundamental roles in repressing anti-cancer immunity, diverse immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been developed, and some monoclonal antibodies have been approved clinically for particular cancers; nevertheless, there are significant concerns regarding their efficacy and safety in brain tumors. Among the various tools to modify the immune checkpoints, phytochemicals show good effectiveness and excellent safety, making them suitable candidates for developing better ICIs. Phytochemicals regulate multiple immunological checkpoint-related signaling pathways in cancer biology; however, their efficacy for clinical cancer immunotherapy remains to be established. Here, we discussed the involvement of immune checkpoints in cancer pathology and summarized recent advancements in applying phytochemicals in modulating immune checkpoints in brain tumors to highlight the state-of-the-art and give constructive prospects for future research."
6227,brain tumour,38750436,Integrated approach of federated learning with transfer learning for classification and diagnosis of brain tumor.,"Brain tumor classification using MRI images is a crucial yet challenging task in medical imaging. Accurate diagnosis is vital for effective treatment planning but is often hindered by the complex nature of tumor morphology and variations in imaging. Traditional methodologies primarily rely on manual interpretation of MRI images, supplemented by conventional machine learning techniques. These approaches often lack the robustness and scalability needed for precise and automated tumor classification. The major limitations include a high degree of manual intervention, potential for human error, limited ability to handle large datasets, and lack of generalizability to diverse tumor types and imaging conditions.To address these challenges, we propose a federated learning-based deep learning model that leverages the power of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for automated and accurate brain tumor classification. This innovative approach not only emphasizes the use of a modified VGG16 architecture optimized for brain MRI images but also highlights the significance of federated learning and transfer learning in the medical imaging domain. Federated learning enables decentralized model training across multiple clients without compromising data privacy, addressing the critical need for confidentiality in medical data handling. This model architecture benefits from the transfer learning technique by utilizing a pre-trained CNN, which significantly enhances its ability to classify brain tumors accurately by leveraging knowledge gained from vast and diverse datasets.Our model is trained on a diverse dataset combining figshare, SARTAJ, and Br35H datasets, employing a federated learning approach for decentralized, privacy-preserving model training. The adoption of transfer learning further bolsters the model's performance, making it adept at handling the intricate variations in MRI images associated with different types of brain tumors. The model demonstrates high precision (0.99 for glioma, 0.95 for meningioma, 1.00 for no tumor, and 0.98 for pituitary), recall, and F1-scores in classification, outperforming existing methods. The overall accuracy stands at 98%, showcasing the model's efficacy in classifying various tumor types accurately, thus highlighting the transformative potential of federated learning and transfer learning in enhancing brain tumor classification using MRI images."
6228,brain tumour,38750394,Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Reduces the Traumatic Brain Injury-Mediated Neuroinflammation Through Enrichment of Prevotella Copri in the Gut of Male Rats.,Gastrointestinal dysfunction frequently occurs following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and significantly increases posttraumatic complications. TBI can lead to alterations in gut microbiota. The neuroprotective effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) have not been well recognized after TBI. The study''s aim was to investigate the impact of HBO on TBI-induced dysbiosis in the gut and the pathological changes in the brain following TBI.
6229,brain tumour,38750349,TrxT and dhd are dispensable for Drosophila brain development but essential for l(3)mbt brain tumour growth.,"Expression of the Drosophila cancer-germline (CG), X-linked, head-to-head gene pair TrxT and dhd is normally germline-specific but becomes upregulated in brain tumours caused by mutation in l(3)mbt. Here, we show that TrxT and dhd play a major synergistic role in the emergence of l(3)mbt tumour-linked transcriptomic signatures and tumour development, which is remarkable, taking into account that these two genes are never expressed together under normal conditions. We also show that TrxT, but not dhd, is crucial for the growth of l(3)mbt allografts, hence suggesting that the initial stages of tumour development and long-term tumour growth may depend on different molecular pathways. In humans, head-to-head inverted gene pairs are abundant among CG genes that map to the X chromosome. Our results identify a first example of an X-linked, head-to-head CG gene pair in Drosophila, underpinning the potential of such CG genes, dispensable for normal development and homoeostasis of somatic tissue, as targets to curtail malignant growth with minimal impact on overall health."
6230,brain tumour,38750340,Long-term outcomes of neuroendoscopic cyst partial resection combined with stereotactic radiotherapy for craniopharyngioma.,The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcomes of neuroendoscopic cyst partial resection (ECPR) combined with stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for cystic craniopharyngiomas.
6231,brain tumour,38750322,Spatial and molecular exploration of glioblastoma heterogeneity.,No abstract found
6232,brain tumour,38750318,Influence of SLC40A1 on Cytokine Interactions and Immune Infiltration in Glioblastoma.,"Numerous studies have explored the various functions of Slc40a1 in cancer development. However, the role of Slc40a1 in primary glioblastoma requires further investigation. Initially, we observed that GBM patients with high Slc40a1 expression had a more favorable prognosis than those with low Slc40a1 expression, as evidenced by an analysis of the TIMER database. Subsequent analysis using the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database enabled us to identify potential underlying mechanisms involved. Further analyses, including GO, KEGG, GSEA, immune infiltration, and correlation analyses, revealed that Slc40a1 primarily affected cytokine interactions, particularly with Ccl14 and Il18, resulting in changes in the immune microenvironment and ultimately leading to a better prognosis in GBM patients. We validated our findings by examining a tissue microarray with 180 samples and confirmed that GBM patients with high SLC40A1 protein expression exhibited more favorable prognostic outcomes than those with low SLC40A1 protein expression. Immunofluorescence analysis also revealed a significant correlation between SLC40A1 protein expression and the protein expression of IL18 and CCL14. These findings suggest that Slc40a1 may play a role in GBM pathogenesis by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment through the regulation of Il18 and Ccl14. Hence, targeting Slc40a1 might offer potential benefits for immunotherapeutic interventions and prognostic assessments in GBM patients."
6233,brain tumour,38750210,Letter to editor: Association between patient-reported cognitive function and location of glioblastoma.,No abstract found
6234,brain tumour,38750148,MRI-only based material mass density and relative stopping power estimation via deep learning for proton therapy: a preliminary study.,"Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is increasingly being used in treatment planning due to its superior soft tissue contrast, which is useful for tumor and soft tissue delineation compared to computed tomography (CT). However, MRI cannot directly provide mass density or relative stopping power (RSP) maps, which are required for calculating proton radiotherapy doses. Therefore, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into MRI-based treatment planning to estimate mass density and RSP directly from MRI has generated significant interest. A deep learning (DL) based framework was developed to establish a voxel-wise correlation between MR images and mass density as well as RSP. To facilitate the study, five tissue substitute phantoms were created, representing different tissues such as skin, muscle, adipose tissue, 45% hydroxyapatite (HA), and spongiosa bone. The composition of these phantoms was based on information from ICRP reports. Additionally, two animal tissue phantoms, simulating pig brain and liver, were prepared for DL training purposes. The phantom study involved the development of two DL models. The first model utilized clinical T1 and T2 MRI scans as input, while the second model incorporated zero echo time (ZTE) MRI scans. In the patient application study, two more DL models were trained: one using T1 and T2 MRI scans as input, and another model incorporating synthetic dual-energy computed tomography (sDECT) images to provide accurate bone tissue information. The DECT empirical model was used as a reference to evaluate the proposed models in both phantom and patient application studies. The DECT empirical model was selected as the reference for evaluating the proposed models in both phantom and patient application studies. In the phantom study, the DL model based on T1, and T2 MRI scans demonstrated higher accuracy in estimating mass density and RSP for skin, muscle, adipose tissue, brain, and liver. The mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) were 0.42%, 0.14%, 0.19%, 0.78%, and 0.26% for mass density, and 0.30%, 0.11%, 0.16%, 0.61%, and 0.23% for RSP, respectively. The DL model incorporating ZTE MRI further improved the accuracy of mass density and RSP estimation for 45% HA and spongiosa bone, with MAPE values of 0.23% and 0.09% for mass density, and 0.19% and 0.07% for RSP, respectively. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using an MRI-only approach combined with DL methods for mass density and RSP estimation in proton therapy treatment planning. By employing this approach, it is possible to obtain the necessary information for proton radiotherapy directly from MRI scans, eliminating the need for additional imaging modalities."
6235,brain tumour,38750084,Prediction of treatment response after stereotactic radiosurgery of brain metastasis using deep learning and radiomics on longitudinal MRI data.,"We developed artificial intelligence models to predict the brain metastasis (BM) treatment response after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) using longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and evaluated prediction accuracy changes according to the number of sequential MRI scans. We included four sequential MRI scans for 194 patients with BM and 369 target lesions for the Developmental dataset. The data were randomly split (8:2 ratio) for training and testing. For external validation, 172 MRI scans from 43 patients with BM and 62 target lesions were additionally enrolled. The maximum axial diameter (Dmax), radiomics, and deep learning (DL) models were generated for comparison. We evaluated the simple convolutional neural network (CNN) model and a gated recurrent unit (Conv-GRU)-based CNN model in the DL arm. The Conv-GRU model performed superior to the simple CNN models. For both datasets, the area under the curve (AUC) was significantly higher for the two-dimensional (2D) Conv-GRU model than for the 3D Conv-GRU, Dmax, and radiomics models. The accuracy of the 2D Conv-GRU model increased with the number of follow-up studies. In conclusion, using longitudinal MRI data, the 2D Conv-GRU model outperformed all other models in predicting the treatment response after SRS of BM."
6236,brain tumour,38750052,Cell-mediated cytotoxicity within CSF and brain parenchyma in spinal muscular atrophy unaltered by nusinersen treatment.,"5q-associated spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motoneuron disease caused by mutations in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. Adaptive immunity may contribute to SMA as described in other motoneuron diseases, yet mechanisms remain elusive. Nusinersen, an antisense treatment, enhances SMN2 expression, benefiting SMA patients. Here we have longitudinally investigated SMA and nusinersen effects on local immune responses in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - a surrogate of central nervous system parenchyma. Single-cell transcriptomics (SMA: N = 9 versus Control: N = 9) reveal NK cell and CD8+ T cell expansions in untreated SMA CSF, exhibiting activation and degranulation markers. Spatial transcriptomics coupled with multiplex immunohistochemistry elucidate cytotoxicity near chromatolytic motoneurons (N = 4). Post-nusinersen treatment, CSF shows unaltered protein/transcriptional profiles. These findings underscore cytotoxicity's role in SMA pathogenesis and propose it as a therapeutic target. Our study illuminates cell-mediated cytotoxicity as shared features across motoneuron diseases, suggesting broader implications."
6237,brain tumour,38750041,A multi-institutional meningioma MRI dataset for automated multi-sequence image segmentation.,"Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors and can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Radiologists, neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists, and radiation oncologists rely on brain MRI for diagnosis, treatment planning, and longitudinal treatment monitoring. However, automated, objective, and quantitative tools for non-invasive assessment of meningiomas on multi-sequence MR images are not available. Here we present the BraTS Pre-operative Meningioma Dataset, as the largest multi-institutional expert annotated multilabel meningioma multi-sequence MR image dataset to date. This dataset includes 1,141 multi-sequence MR images from six sites, each with four structural MRI sequences (T2-, T2/FLAIR-, pre-contrast T1-, and post-contrast T1-weighted) accompanied by expert manually refined segmentations of three distinct meningioma sub-compartments: enhancing tumor, non-enhancing tumor, and surrounding non-enhancing T2/FLAIR hyperintensity. Basic demographic data are provided including age at time of initial imaging, sex, and CNS WHO grade. The goal of releasing this dataset is to facilitate the development of automated computational methods for meningioma segmentation and expedite their incorporation into clinical practice, ultimately targeting improvement in the care of meningioma patients."
6238,brain tumour,38750024,MAPP unravels frequent co-regulation of splicing and polyadenylation by RNA-binding proteins and their dysregulation in cancer.,"Maturation of eukaryotic pre-mRNAs via splicing and polyadenylation is modulated across cell types and conditions by a variety of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Although there exist over 1,500 RBPs in human cells, their binding motifs and functions still remain to be elucidated, especially in the complex environment of tissues and in the context of diseases. To overcome the lack of methods for the systematic and automated detection of sequence motif-guided pre-mRNA processing regulation from RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data we have developed MAPP (Motif Activity on Pre-mRNA Processing). Applying MAPP to RBP knock-down experiments reveals that many RBPs regulate both splicing and polyadenylation of nascent transcripts by acting on similar sequence motifs. MAPP not only infers these sequence motifs, but also unravels the position-dependent impact of the RBPs on pre-mRNA processing. Interestingly, all investigated RBPs that act on both splicing and 3' end processing exhibit a consistently repressive or activating effect on both processes, providing a first glimpse on the underlying mechanism. Applying MAPP to normal and malignant brain tissue samples unveils that the motifs bound by the PTBP1 and RBFOX RBPs coordinately drive the oncogenic splicing program active in glioblastomas demonstrating that MAPP paves the way for characterizing pre-mRNA processing regulators under physiological and pathological conditions."
6239,brain tumour,38750019,Octyl itaconate enhances VSVΔ51 oncolytic virotherapy by multitarget inhibition of antiviral and inflammatory pathways.,"The presence of heterogeneity in responses to oncolytic virotherapy poses a barrier to clinical effectiveness, as resistance to this treatment can occur through the inhibition of viral spread within the tumor, potentially leading to treatment failures. Here we show that 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI), a chemical derivative of the Krebs cycle-derived metabolite itaconate, enhances oncolytic virotherapy with VSVΔ51 in various models including human and murine resistant cancer cell lines, three-dimensional (3D) patient-derived colon tumoroids and organotypic brain tumor slices. Furthermore, 4-OI in combination with VSVΔ51 improves therapeutic outcomes in a resistant murine colon tumor model. Mechanistically, we find that 4-OI suppresses antiviral immunity in cancer cells through the modification of cysteine residues in MAVS and IKKβ independently of the NRF2/KEAP1 axis. We propose that the combination of a metabolite-derived drug with an oncolytic virus agent can greatly improve anticancer therapeutic outcomes by direct interference with the type I IFN and NF-κB-mediated antiviral responses."
6240,brain tumour,38749835,Ensartinib rapidly relieves symptoms in ALK-positive patients with brain metastases.,No abstract found
6241,brain tumour,38749385,"The needs for digital health and eHeath literacy of cancer patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers: A multicenter, descriptive correlational study.","Digital health is an indispensable tool, but its use depends on the eHealth literacy (eHL) of end-users. This study aimed to understand the need for digital health and eHL among cancer patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers and to identify differences in digital health needs related to the eHL of cancer patients."
6242,brain tumour,38748968,Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis: A Comprehensive Review.,"The mechanisms underlying breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) development are complex, and its clinical presentation varies depending on the number, location, and size of brain metastases. Common symptoms include headache, neurologic deficits, and seizures. Diagnosis of BCBM typically relies on neuroimaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans. Local therapies, such as surgery and stereotactic radiosurgery, can be used to control tumor growth and relieve symptoms. Whole-brain radiotherapy has been a mainstay of treatment for BCBM, but its use has been associated with cognitive decline. Systemic therapy with chemotherapy and targeted agents plays an increasingly important role in the management of BCBM. Novel agents, such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, have shown promising results in improving survival for patients with HER2-positive and triple-negative BCBM. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge, clinical insights, and evolving paradigms to provide a robust understanding and roadmap for optimizing the diagnosis and management of BCBM."
6243,brain tumour,38748853,Whole-cerebrum guanidino and amide CEST mapping at 3 T by a 3D stack-of-spirals gradient echo acquisition.,"To develop a 3D, high-sensitivity CEST mapping technique based on the 3D stack-of-spirals (SOS) gradient echo readout, the proposed approach was compared with conventional acquisition techniques and evaluated for its efficacy in concurrently mapping of guanidino (Guan) and amide CEST in human brain at 3 T, leveraging the polynomial Lorentzian line-shape fitting (PLOF) method."
6244,brain tumour,38748253,Plasma profiles of inflammatory cytokines in children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: a prospective cohort study.,"The role of inflammatory cytokines in children with moderate to severe TBI (m-sTBI) is still incompletely understood. We aimed to investigate the associations between early plasma expression profiles of inflammatory cytokines and clinical outcomes in children with m-sTBI. We prospectively recruited children admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary pediatric hospital due to m-sTBI from November 2022 to May 2023. Plasma interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations were detected by flow cytometry on admission and on days 5 to 7. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcome was the 6-month functional outcome assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended-Pediatrics (GOS-E Peds) score, dichotomized as favorable (1-4) or unfavorable (5-8). Fifty patients and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. Baseline IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels were significantly higher in TBI patients than in healthy controls. Twelve patients died in the hospital. Compared with survivors, nonsurvivors had significantly increased baseline IL-6 and IL-8 levels. Baseline IL-5, IL-6 and IL-8 levels were also significantly greater in children with unfavorable versus favorable outcomes. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the IL-6 and IL-8 levels and motor Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score for predicting in-hospital mortality was 0.706, 0.754, and 0.776, respectively. Baseline IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IFN-γ, IFN-α and TNF-α levels were not associated with in-hospital mortality or an unfavorable 6-month outcome. On days 5 to 7, the IL-6 and IL-8 levels were significantly decreased in survivors but increased in nonsurvivors compared to their respective baselines."
6245,brain tumour,38748214,Reirradiation for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: prognostic radiomic factors at progression.,"Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a lethal pediatric brain tumor. Radiation therapy (RT) is the standard treatment, with reirradiation considered in case of progression. However, the prognostic factors for reirradiation are not well understood. This study aims to investigate the outcomes of DIPG patients undergoing reirradiation and identify clinical and radiomic prognostic factors."
6246,brain tumour,38748213,Intraoperative radiation therapy for brain metastasis in a pregnant patient: a case report.,"We present the rare case of a 42-year-old woman with oligometastatic lung adenocarcinoma in her first trimester of pregnancy who was treated for brain metastases with metastasectomy and intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) using the INTRABEAM® system (Zeiss AG, Jena, Germany). This case underscores the potential of IORT in optimizing cancer treatment while safeguarding fetal health in pregnant patients."
6247,brain tumour,38748192,SEOM-GEM clinical guidelines for cutaneous melanoma (2023).,"Cutaneous melanoma incidence is rising. Early diagnosis and treatment administration are key for increasing the chances of survival. For patients with locoregional advanced melanoma that can be treated with complete resection, adjuvant-and more recently neoadjuvant-with targeted therapy-BRAF and MEK inhibitors-and immunotherapy-anti-PD-1-based therapies-offer opportunities to reduce the risk of relapse and distant metastases. For patients with advanced disease not amenable to radical treatment, these treatments offer an unprecedented increase in overall survival. A group of medical oncologists from the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) and Spanish Multidisciplinary Melanoma Group (GEM) has designed these guidelines, based on a thorough review of the best evidence available. The following guidelines try to cover all the aspects from the diagnosis-clinical, pathological, and molecular-staging, risk stratification, adjuvant therapy, advanced disease therapy, and survivor follow-up, including special situations, such as brain metastases, refractory disease, and treatment sequencing. We aim help clinicians in the decision-making process."
6248,brain tumour,38748050,Histopathological correlation of brain tumor recurrence vs. radiation effect post-radiosurgery as detected by MRI contrast clearance analysis: a validation study.,"The differentiation between adverse radiation effects (ARE) and tumor recurrence or progression (TRP) is a major decision-making point in the follow-up of patients with brain tumors. The advent of immunotherapy, targeted therapy and radiosurgery has made this distinction difficult to achieve in several clinical situations. Contrast clearance analysis (CCA) is a useful technique that can inform clinical decisions but has so far only been histologically validated in the context of high-grade gliomas."
6249,brain tumour,38747985,Biomimetic Dual-Target Theranostic Nanovaccine Enables Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Chemo/Chemodynamic/Immune Therapy of Glioma.,"Development of theranostic nanomedicines to tackle glioma remains to be challenging. Here, we present an advanced blood-brain barrier (BBB)-crossing nanovaccine based on cancer cell membrane-camouflaged poly("
6250,brain tumour,38747682,Neuropsychological functioning of adults with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome.,"PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) might be associated with a distinct cognitive and psychological profile. However, previous studies are limited, predominantly based on small and pediatric cohorts, likely affected by selection bias, and show a broad range of findings. We aimed to characterize the neuropsychological functioning of adults with PHTS. A total of 40 participants, with intellectual disability as exclusion criterium, completed an extensive clinical neuropsychological assessment including cognitive tasks, questionnaires, and a clinical diagnostic interview. The cognitive tasks and questionnaire data were categorized as below and above average based on 1.5 SD. About 80% of participants showed an average level of intelligence. In addition, 30% and 24% of participants scored below average on immediate memory recall and speed of information processing, respectively. Furthermore, about 25% reported above average scores on the majority of the questionnaires, indicating psychological distress, signs of alexithymia, and cognitive complaints. Personality of participants was characterized by inflexibility, social withdrawal, and difficulties in recognizing and describing their own emotions. Adults with PHTS demonstrate a heterogeneous yet distinct neuropsychological profile that is characterized by slower information processing, psychological problems, and specific personality traits. These findings provide directions on how to optimize the care and daily lives of adults with PHTS."
6251,brain tumour,38747353,Radiosynthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of ,
6252,brain tumour,38747088,Biomimetic Approach of Brain Vasculature Rapidly Characterizes Inter- and Intra-Patient Migratory Diversity of Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastomas exhibit remarkable heterogeneity at various levels, including motility modes and mechanoproperties that contribute to tumor resistance and recurrence. In a recent study using gridded micropatterns mimicking the brain vasculature, glioblastoma cell motility modes, mechanical properties, formin content, and substrate chemistry are linked. Now is presented, SP2G (SPheroid SPreading on Grids), an analytic platform designed to identify the migratory modes of patient-derived glioblastoma cells and rapidly pinpoint the most invasive sub-populations. Tumorspheres are imaged as they spread on gridded micropatterns and analyzed by this semi-automated, open-source, Fiji macro suite that characterizes migration modes accurately. SP2G can reveal intra-patient motility heterogeneity with molecular correlations to specific integrins and EMT markers. This system presents a versatile and potentially pan-cancer workflow to detect diverse invasive tumor sub-populations in patient-derived specimens and offers a valuable tool for therapeutic evaluations at the individual patient level."
6253,brain tumour,38746922,Study protocol for measuring stigmatization in persistent tic disorders: development and validation of the Tourette discrimination-stigmatization scale.,"Persistent Tic Disorders such as Tourette Syndrome are common neurodevelopmental disorders that are highly stigmatized. Many individuals with Persistent Tic Disorders experience peer rejection, loneliness, and self-stigma. Experiencing stigmatization during childhood can influence the persistence of moderate-to-severe tics later in life. Additionally, these factors have been associated with increased suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and psychiatric symptom severity. There is a need for interventions to reduce stigma and stigmatization in Persistent Tic Disorders. Before developing cost-effective interventions to mitigate stigma's profound downstream health impacts, a reliable measure of stigmatization must be created. The overarching goal of this research is to develop and validate the Tourette Discrimination-Stigmatization (TD-STIGMA) Scale."
6254,brain tumour,38746683,Rapid identification of pediatric brain tumors with differential mobility spectrometry.,"Brain tumors are a major source of disease burden in pediatric population, with the most common tumor types being pilocytic astrocytoma, ependymoma and medulloblastoma. In every tumor entity, surgery is the cornerstone of treatment, but the importance of gross-total resection and the corresponding patient prognosis is highly variant. However, real-time identification of pediatric CNS malignancies based on the histology of the frozen sections alone is especially troublesome. We propose a novel method based on differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) analysis for rapid identification of pediatric brain tumors."
6255,brain tumour,38746679,A hybrid deep learning scheme for MRI-based preliminary multiclassification diagnosis of primary brain tumors.,"The diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors have greatly benefited from extensive research in traditional radiomics, leading to improved efficiency for clinicians. With the rapid development of cutting-edge technologies, especially deep learning, further improvements in accuracy and automation are expected. In this study, we explored a hybrid deep learning scheme that integrates several advanced techniques to achieve reliable diagnosis of primary brain tumors with enhanced classification performance and interpretability."
6256,brain tumour,38746670,Purinosomes involved in the regulation of tumor metabolism: current progress and potential application targets.,"The core of tumor cell metabolism is the management of energy metabolism due to the extremely high energy requirements of tumor cells. The purine nucleotide synthesis pathway in cells uses the purinosomes as an essential spatial structural complex. In addition to serving a crucial regulatory role in the emergence and growth of tumors, it contributes to the synthesis and metabolism of purine nucleotides. The significance of purine metabolism in tumor cells is initially addressed in this current article. The role of purinosomes as prospective therapeutic targets is then reviewed, along with a list of the signaling pathways that play in the regulation of tumor metabolism. A thorough comprehension of the function of purinosomes in the control of tumor metabolism can generate fresh suggestions for the creation of innovative cancer treatment methods."
6257,brain tumour,38746531,Importance of ,"Liver cirrhosis patients commonly progress to minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) with cognitive impairment and raised blood ammonia and proinflammatory cytokines levels. This study aims to identify the subjects of MHE in patients with liver cirrhosis by hydrogen 1 magnetic resonance (1H-MR) spectroscopy of the brain, serum proinflammatory cytokines, and neuropsychiatric tests."
6258,brain tumour,38746525,Expanding the spectrum on brain-heart interactions in cerebellopontine angle surgeries.,"Lesions at the cerebellopontine angle (CP angle) are associated with various brain-heart interactions, which can include those from stimulation of the fifth cranial nerve along the scalp incision in a retrosigmoid suboccipital surgical approach. A 27-year-old male patient with recently diagnosed hypertension (on calcium channel blocker) underwent left CP angle lesion decompression. Transient episodes of bradycardia, hypotension, and bradypnea were observed from the skin incision onward, exacerbated during tumor manipulation. Most episodes subsided with cessation of the surgical stimulus while some required intervention. Postoperatively, blood pressure decreased below the pre-operative levels. Thus, trigeminocardiac reflex can occur as early as the skin incision even in a retrosigmoid approach due to stimulation of the mandibular division, when specific risk factors exist. Such episodes may serve as early warning signs for subsequent intraoperative occurrences. Brainstem compression can be a possible etiology of hypertension in young patients. It underscores the importance of considering brain-heart interactions in surgical interventions involving the CP angle."
6259,brain tumour,38746445,High-resolution detection of copy number alterations in single cells with HiScanner.,"Improvements in single-cell whole-genome sequencing (scWGS) assays have enabled detailed characterization of somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) at the single-cell level. Yet, current computational methods are mostly designed for detecting chromosome-scale changes in cancer samples with low sequencing coverage. Here, we introduce HiScanner (High-resolution Single-Cell Allelic copy Number callER), which combines read depth, B-allele frequency, and haplotype phasing to identify CNAs with high resolution. In simulated data, HiScanner consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods across various CNA types and sizes. When applied to high-coverage scWGS data from human brain cells, HiScanner shows a superior ability to detect smaller CNAs, uncovering distinct CNA patterns between neurons and oligodendrocytes. For 179 cells we sequenced from longitudinal meningioma samples, integration of CNAs with point mutations revealed evolutionary trajectories of tumor cells. These findings show that HiScanner enables accurate characterization of frequency, clonality, and distribution of CNAs at the single-cell level in both non-neoplastic and neoplastic cells."
6260,brain tumour,38746340,Serum cytokine and inflammatory markers in individuals with heroin use disorder: potential biomarkers for diagnosis and disease severity.,"Opioid use disorders cause major morbidity and mortality, and there is a pressing need for novel mechanistic targets and biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Exposure to mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists causes changes in cytokine and inflammatory protein networks in peripheral blood, and also in brain glia and neurons. Individuals with heroin use disorder (iHUD) show dysregulated levels of several cytokines in blood. However, there is limited data on a comprehensive panel of such markers in iHUD versus healthy controls (HC), especially as a multi-target biomarker. We used a validated proximity extension assay for relative quantification of 92 cytokines and inflammatory proteins in serum of iHUD on medication assisted therapy (MAT; n=21), versus HC (n=24). Twenty-nine targets showed significant group differences (primarily iHUD>HC), surviving multiple comparison correction (p=0.05). This included 19 members of canonical cytokine families, including specific chemokines, interleukins, growth factors, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related proteins. For dimensionality reduction, data from these 19 cytokines were entered into a principal component (PC) analysis, and PC1 scores were iHUD>HC (p<0.0001). A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis yielded an AUROC=91.7% (p<0.0001). This PC1 score remained a positive predictor of being in the HUD group in a multivariable logistic regression, which included demographic/clinical variables. Overall, this study shows a panel of cytokines that differ significantly between iHUD and HC, and provides a multi-target ""cytokine biomarker score"" for potential diagnostic purposes, and examination of disease severity."
6261,brain tumour,38746337,Velociraptor: Cross-Platform Quantitative Search Using Hallmark Cell Features.,"A key challenge for single cell discovery analysis is to identify new cell types, describe them quantitatively, and seek these novel cells in new studies often using a different platform. Over the last decade, tools were developed to address identification and quantitative description of cells in human tissues and tumors. However, automated validation of populations at the single cell level has struggled due to the cytometry field's reliance on hierarchical, ordered use of features and on platform-specific rules for data processing and analysis. Here we present Velociraptor, a workflow that implements Marker Enrichment Modeling in three cross-platform modules: 1) identification of cells specific to disease states, 2) description of hallmark features for each cell and population, and 3) searching for cells matching one or more hallmark feature sets in a new dataset. A key advance is that Velociraptor registers cells between datasets, including between flow cytometry and quantitative imaging using different, overlapping feature sets. Four datasets were used to challenge Velociraptor and reveal new biological insights. Working at the individual sample level, Velociraptor tracked the abundance of clinically significant glioblastoma brain tumor cell subsets and characterized the cells that predominate in recurrent tumors as a close match for rare, negative prognostic cells originally observed in matched pre-treatment tumors. In patients with inborn errors of immunity, Velociraptor identified genotype-specific cells associated with "
6262,brain tumour,38746278,"Effect of Microbubble Size, Composition and Multiple Sonication Points on Sterile Inflammatory Response in Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Opening.","Blood-brain barrier opening (BBBO) using focused ultrasound (FUS) and microbubbles (MBs) has emerged as a promising technique for delivering therapeutics to the brain. However, the influence of various FUS and MB parameters on BBBO and subsequent sterile inflammatory response (SIR) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of MB size and composition, as well as the number of FUS sonication points, on BBBO and SIR in an immunocompetent mouse model. Using MRI-guided MB+FUS, we targeted the striatum and assessed extravasation of an MRI contrast agent to assess BBBO and RNAseq to assess SIR. Our results revealed distinct effects of these parameters on BBBO and SIR. Specifically, at a matched microbubble volume dose (MVD), MB size did not affect the extent of BBBO, but smaller (1 μm diameter) MBs exhibited a lower classification of SIR than larger (3 or 5 μm diameter) MBs. Lipid-shelled microbubbles exhibited greater BBBO and a more pronounced SIR compared to albumin-shelled microbubbles, likely owing to the latter's poor "
6263,brain tumour,38746141,Insulin Resistance Increases TNBC Aggressiveness and Brain Metastasis via Adipocyte-derived Exosomes.,"Patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and comorbid Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), characterized by insulin resistance of adipose tissue, have higher risk of metastasis and shorter survival. Adipocytes are the main non-malignant cells of the breast tumor microenvironment (TME). However, adipocyte metabolism is usually ignored in oncology and mechanisms that couple T2D to TNBC outcomes are poorly understood. Here we hypothesized that exosomes, small vesicles secreted by TME breast adipocytes, drive epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in TNBC via miRNAs. Exosomes were purified from conditioned media of 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes, either insulin-sensitive (IS) or insulin-resistant (IR). Murine 4T1 cells, a TNBC model, were treated with exosomes "
6264,brain tumour,38746105,Post-transcriptional regulatory pre-complex assembly drives timely cell-state transitions during differentiation.,Complexes that control mRNA stability and translation promote timely cell-state transitions during differentiation by ensuring appropriate expression patterns of key developmental regulators. The 
6265,brain tumour,38746089,"MT-125 Inhibits Non-Muscle Myosin IIA and IIB, Synergizes with Oncogenic Kinase Inhibitors, and Prolongs Survival in Glioblastoma.","We have identified a NMIIA and IIB-specific small molecule inhibitor, MT-125, and have studied its effects in GBM. MT-125 has high brain penetrance and retention and an excellent safety profile; blocks GBM invasion and cytokinesis, consistent with the known roles of NMII; and prolongs survival as a single agent in murine GBM models. MT-125 increases signaling along both the PDGFR- and MAPK-driven pathways through a mechanism that involves the upregulation of reactive oxygen species, and it synergizes with FDA-approved PDGFR and mTOR inhibitors "
6266,brain tumour,38745750,Targeted treatment of chondrosarcoma with a bacteriophage-based particle delivering a secreted tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand.,"Chondrosarcoma (CS) is a malignant cartilage-forming bone tumor that is inherently resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, leaving surgery as the only treatment option. We have designed a tumor-targeted bacteriophage (phage)-derived particle (PDP), for targeted systemic delivery of cytokine-encoding transgenes to solid tumors. Phage has no intrinsic tropism for mammalian cells; therefore, it was engineered to display a double cyclic RGD4C ligand on the capsid to target tumors. To induce cancer cell death, we constructed a transgene cassette expressing a secreted form of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (sTRAIL). We detected high expression of αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrin receptors of the RGD4C ligand, and of the TRAIL receptor-2 in human CS cells (SW1353), but not in primary normal chondrocytes. The RGD4C.PDP-"
6267,brain tumour,38745337,Western diet increases brain metabolism and adaptive immune responses in a mouse model of amyloidosis.,"Diet-induced increase in body weight is a growing health concern worldwide. Often accompanied by a low-grade metabolic inflammation that changes systemic functions, diet-induced alterations may contribute to neurodegenerative disorder progression as well. This study aims to non-invasively investigate diet-induced metabolic and inflammatory effects in the brain of an APPPS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. ["
6268,brain tumour,38745196,Critical role of the gut microbiota in immune responses and cancer immunotherapy.,"The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the progression of human diseases, especially cancer. In recent decades, there has been accumulating evidence of the connections between the gut microbiota and cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, understanding the functional role of the gut microbiota in regulating immune responses to cancer immunotherapy is crucial for developing precision medicine. In this review, we extract insights from state-of-the-art research to decipher the complicated crosstalk among the gut microbiota, the systemic immune system, and immunotherapy in the context of cancer. Additionally, as the gut microbiota can account for immune-related adverse events, we discuss potential interventions to minimize these adverse effects and discuss the clinical application of five microbiota-targeted strategies that precisely increase the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Finally, as the gut microbiota holds promising potential as a target for precision cancer immunotherapeutics, we summarize current challenges and provide a general outlook on future directions in this field."
6269,brain tumour,38745000,CAR T cells offer hope in glioblastoma.,No abstract found
6270,brain tumour,38744979,Prognostic relevance of radiological findings on early postoperative MRI for 187 consecutive glioblastoma patients receiving standard therapy.,"Several prognostic factors are known to influence survival for patients treated with IDH-wildtype glioblastoma, but unknown factors may remain. We aimed to investigate the prognostic implications of early postoperative MRI findings. A total of 187 glioblastoma patients treated with standard therapy were consecutively included. Patients either underwent a biopsy or surgery followed by an early postoperative MRI. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analysed for known prognostic factors and MRI-derived candidate factors: resection status as defined by the response assessment in neuro-oncology (RANO)-working group (no contrast-enhancing residual tumour, non-measurable contrast-enhancing residual tumour, or measurable contrast-enhancing residual tumour) with biopsy as reference, contrast enhancement patterns (no enhancement, thin linear, thick linear, diffuse, nodular), and the presence of distant tumours. In the multivariate analysis, patients with no contrast-enhancing residual tumour or non-measurable contrast-enhancing residual tumour on the early postoperative MRI displayed a significantly improved progression-free survival compared with patients receiving only a biopsy. Only patients with non-measurable contrast-enhancing residual tumour showed improved overall survival in the multivariate analysis. Contrast enhancement patterns were not associated with survival. The presence of distant tumours was significantly associated with both poor progression-free survival and overall survival and should be considered incorporated into prognostic models."
6271,brain tumour,38744958,Systematic dissection of tumor-normal single-cell ecosystems across a thousand tumors of 30 cancer types.,"The complexity of the tumor microenvironment poses significant challenges in cancer therapy. Here, to comprehensively investigate the tumor-normal ecosystems, we perform an integrative analysis of 4.9 million single-cell transcriptomes from 1070 tumor and 493 normal samples in combination with pan-cancer 137 spatial transcriptomics, 8887 TCGA, and 1261 checkpoint inhibitor-treated bulk tumors. We define a myriad of cell states constituting the tumor-normal ecosystems and also identify hallmark gene signatures across different cell types and organs. Our atlas characterizes distinctions between inflammatory fibroblasts marked by AKR1C1 or WNT5A in terms of cellular interactions and spatial co-localization patterns. Co-occurrence analysis reveals interferon-enriched community states including tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) components, which exhibit differential rewiring between tumor, adjacent normal, and healthy normal tissues. The favorable response of interferon-enriched community states to immunotherapy is validated using immunotherapy-treated cancers (n = 1261) including our lung cancer cohort (n = 497). Deconvolution of spatial transcriptomes discriminates TLS-enriched from non-enriched cell types among immunotherapy-favorable components. Our systematic dissection of tumor-normal ecosystems provides a deeper understanding of inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity."
6272,brain tumour,38744868,ReMIND: The Brain Resection Multimodal Imaging Database.,"The standard of care for brain tumors is maximal safe surgical resection. Neuronavigation augments the surgeon's ability to achieve this but loses validity as surgery progresses due to brain shift. Moreover, gliomas are often indistinguishable from surrounding healthy brain tissue. Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) and ultrasound (iUS) help visualize the tumor and brain shift. iUS is faster and easier to incorporate into surgical workflows but offers a lower contrast between tumorous and healthy tissues than iMRI. With the success of data-hungry Artificial Intelligence algorithms in medical image analysis, the benefits of sharing well-curated data cannot be overstated. To this end, we provide the largest publicly available MRI and iUS database of surgically treated brain tumors, including gliomas (n = 92), metastases (n = 11), and others (n = 11). This collection contains 369 preoperative MRI series, 320 3D iUS series, 301 iMRI series, and 356 segmentations collected from 114 consecutive patients at a single institution. This database is expected to help brain shift and image analysis research and neurosurgical training in interpreting iUS and iMRI."
6273,brain tumour,38744809,METTL8 links mt-tRNA m,"Epitranscriptomic RNA modifications are crucial for the maintenance of glioma stem cells (GSCs), the most malignant cells in glioblastoma (GBM). 3-methylcytosine (m"
6274,brain tumour,38744645,Is routine drainage necessary for craniotomy in cases of intracranial tumors?,No abstract found
6275,brain tumour,38744347,Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 is crucial for maintaining the malignant phenotypes of gliomas through its action on Notch signalling cascade.,"Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 (CSRP2) is expressed differently in numerous cancers and plays a key role in carcinogenesis. However, the role of CSRP2 in glioma is unknown. This study sought to determine the expression profile and clinical significance of CSRP2 in glioma and explore its biological functions and mechanisms via lentivirus-mediated CSRP2 silencing experiments. Increased CSRP2 was frequently observed in gliomas, which was associated with clinicopathological characteristics and an unfavourable prognosis. Decreasing CSRP2 led to the suppression of malignant proliferation, metastasis and stemness in glioma cells while causing hypersensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Mechanistic investigations revealed that CSRP2 plays a role in mediating the Notch signalling cascade. Silencing CSRP2 decreased the levels of Notch1, cleaved Notch1, HES1 and HEY1, suppressing the Notch signalling cascade. Reactivation of Notch markedly diminished the tumour-inhibiting effects of CSRP2 silencing on the malignant phenotypes of glioma cells. Notably, CSRP2-silencing glioma cells exhibited reduced potential in the formation of xenografts in nude mice in vivo, which was associated with an impaired Notch signalling cascade. These results showed that CSRP2 is overexpressed in glioma and has a crucial role in sustaining the malignant phenotypes of glioma, suggesting that targeting CSRP2 could be a promising strategy for glioma treatment."
6276,brain tumour,38744345,Current status and advances to improving drug delivery in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.,"Diffuse midline glioma (DMG), including tumors diagnosed in the brainstem (diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma - DIPG), is the primary cause of brain tumor-related death in pediatric patients. DIPG is characterized by a median survival of <12 months from diagnosis, harboring the worst 5-year survival rate of any cancer. Corticosteroids and radiation are the mainstay of therapy; however, they only provide transient relief from the devastating neurological symptoms. Numerous therapies have been investigated for DIPG, but the majority have been unsuccessful in demonstrating a survival benefit beyond radiation alone. Although many barriers hinder brain drug delivery in DIPG, one of the most significant challenges is the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therapeutic compounds must possess specific properties to enable efficient passage across the BBB. In brain cancer, the BBB is referred to as the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB), where tumors disrupt the structure and function of the BBB, which may provide opportunities for drug delivery. However, the biological characteristics of the brainstem's BBB/BBTB, both under normal physiological conditions and in response to DIPG, are poorly understood, which further complicates treatment. Better characterization of the changes that occur in the BBB/BBTB of DIPG patients is essential, as this informs future treatment strategies. Many novel drug delivery technologies have been investigated to bypass or disrupt the BBB/BBTB, including convection enhanced delivery, focused ultrasound, nanoparticle-mediated delivery, and intranasal delivery, all of which are yet to be clinically established for the treatment of DIPG. Herein, we review what is known about the BBB/BBTB and discuss the current status, limitations, and advances of conventional and novel treatments to improving brain drug delivery in DIPG."
6277,brain tumour,38744288,A gray box framework that optimizes a white box logical model using a black box optimizer for simulating cellular responses to perturbations.,"Predicting cellular responses to perturbations requires interpretable insights into molecular regulatory dynamics to perform reliable cell fate control, despite the confounding non-linearity of the underlying interactions. There is a growing interest in developing machine learning-based perturbation response prediction models to handle the non-linearity of perturbation data, but their interpretation in terms of molecular regulatory dynamics remains a challenge. Alternatively, for meaningful biological interpretation, logical network models such as Boolean networks are widely used in systems biology to represent intracellular molecular regulation. However, determining the appropriate regulatory logic of large-scale networks remains an obstacle due to the high-dimensional and discontinuous search space. To tackle these challenges, we present a scalable derivative-free optimizer trained by meta-reinforcement learning for Boolean network models. The logical network model optimized by the trained optimizer successfully predicts anti-cancer drug responses of cancer cell lines, while simultaneously providing insight into their underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms."
6278,brain tumour,38744281,Osr2 functions as a biomechanical checkpoint to aggravate CD8,Alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture and stiffness represent hallmarks of cancer. Whether the biomechanical property of ECM impacts the functionality of tumor-reactive CD8
6279,brain tumour,38744278,Targeting the HSP47-collagen axis inhibits brain metastasis by reversing M2 microglial polarization and restoring anti-tumor immunity.,"Brain metastases (BrMs) are the leading cause of death in patients with solid cancers. BrMs exhibit a highly immunosuppressive milieu and poor response to immunotherapies; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we show that upregulation of HSP47 in tumor cells drives metastatic colonization and outgrowth in the brain by creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment. HSP47-mediated collagen deposition in the metastatic niche promotes microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype via the α2β1 integrin/nuclear factor κB pathway, which upregulates the anti-inflammatory cytokines and represses CD8"
6280,brain tumour,38744009,CancerGATE: Prediction of cancer-driver genes using graph attention autoencoders.,"Discovery of the cancer type specific-driver genes is important for understanding the molecular mechanisms of each cancer type and for providing proper treatment. Recently, graph deep learning methods became widely used in finding cancer-driver genes. However, previous methods had limited performance in individual cancer types due to a small number of cancer-driver genes used in training and biases toward the cancer-driver genes used in training the models. Here, we introduce a novel pipeline, CancerGATE that predicts the cancer-driver genes using graph attention autoencoder (GATE) to learn in a self-supervised manner and can be applied to each of the cancer types. CancerGATE utilizes biological network topology and multi-omics data from 15 types of cancer of 20,079 samples from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA). Attention coefficients calculated in the model are used to prioritize cancer-driver genes by comparing coefficients of cancer and normal contexts. CancerGATE shows a higher AUPRC with a difference ranging from 1.5 % to 36.5 % compared to the previous graph deep learning models in each cancer type. We also show that CancerGATE is free from the bias toward cancer-driver genes used in training, revealing mechanisms of the cancer-driver genes in specific cancer types. Finally, we propose novel cancer-driver gene candidates that could be therapeutic targets for specific cancer types."
6281,brain tumour,38743900,"Effects of Hydrogen Inhalation on Neurological Function Indicators, Oxidative Stress Markers, and E-Cadherin Levels in Patients with Brain Glioma.","This study aims to evaluate the effects of hydrogen therapy on nerve function and tumor progression markers in glioma patients, focusing on the modulation of oxidative stress and cadherin expression to establish its potential as a complementary treatment."
6282,brain tumour,38743766,"Bystander Effects, Pharmacokinetics, and Linker-Payload Stability of EGFR-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugates Losatuxizumab Vedotin and Depatux-M in Glioblastoma Models.","Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) are targeted therapies with robust efficacy in solid cancers, and there is intense interest in using EGFR-specific ADCs to target EGFR-amplified glioblastoma (GBM). Given GBM's molecular heterogeneity, the bystander activity of ADCs may be important for determining treatment efficacy. In this study, the activity and toxicity of two EGFR-targeted ADCs with similar auristatin toxins, Losatuxizumab vedotin (ABBV-221) and Depatuxizumab mafodotin (Depatux-M), were compared in GBM patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and normal murine brain following direct infusion by convection-enhanced delivery (CED)."
6283,brain tumour,38743253,Non-linear IV pharmacokinetics of the ATR inhibitor berzosertib (M6620) in mice.,"The Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) protein complex is an apical initiator of DNA damage response pathways. Several ATR inhibitors (ATRi) are in clinical development including berzosertib (formerly M6620, VX-970). Although clinical studies have examined plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) in humans, little is known regarding dose/exposure relationships and tissue distribution. To understand these concepts, we extensively characterized the PK of berzosertib in mouse plasma and tissues."
6284,brain tumour,38743119,The Role of Beta2-Microglobulin in Central Nervous System Disease.,"Central nervous system (CNS) disorders represent the leading cause of disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide, and impose a substantial economic burden on society. In recent years, emerging evidence has found that beta2 -microglobulin (B2M), a subunit of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules, plays a crucial role in the development and progression in certain CNS diseases. On the one hand, intracellular B2M was abnormally upregulated in brain tumors and regulated tumor microenvironments and progression. On the other hand, soluble B2M was also elevated and involved in pathological stages in CNS diseases. Targeted B2M therapy has shown promising outcomes in specific CNS diseases. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary and discussion of recent advances in understanding the pathological processes involving B2M in CNS diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, aging, stroke, HIV-related dementia, glioma, and primary central nervous system lymphoma)."
6285,brain tumour,38743106,"[""Witzelsucht"". On the introduction and meaning of the term by Hermann Oppenheim in 1890 and its distinction from ""moria""].","Hermann Oppenheim (1858-1919) was a German neurologist without an academic career, who in his productive period around 1900 made a name for himself during his lifetime as a major player in the history of German neurology with his many contributions to multiple sclerosis, syphilis and the controversial study of traumatic neurosis; however, it is almost unknown that in 1890 he introduced the term ""witzelsucht"", which is still used internationally today. Moritz Jastrowitz dealt with behavioral abnormalities due to frontal brain injuries 1 year earlier and used the term ""moria"" for a form of mental disorder associated with a kind of childish behavior and inappropriate jocularity. Oppenheim was critical of this and differentiated his ""witzelsucht"" from this. With this term he wanted to describe humoristic feeble-mindedness in a much narrower sense, which stands in striking contrast to the usual symptoms in cases of cerebral tumors. Oppenheim recognized the frontal brain, particularly the right brain, to be an important functional unit for humorous behavior. Modern research has confirmed that the processing of humor requires a complex interaction of multiple brain regions. Damage to the right frontal lobe or to connecting structures can lead to the disorder ""witzelsucht"". Whether a simultaneous damage to the left hemisphere must be present or if this is dependent on the individual dominant hemisphere, needs further research."
6286,brain tumour,38743077,EMP1 correlated with cancer progression and immune characteristics in pan-cancer and ovarian cancer.,"This study examines the prognostic role and immunological relevance of EMP1 (epithelial membrane protein-1) in a pan-cancer analysis, with a focus on ovarian cancer. Utilizing data from TCGA, CCLE, and GTEx databases, we assessed EMP1 mRNA expression and its correlation with tumor progression, prognosis, and immune microenvironment across various cancers. Our results indicate that EMP1 expression is significantly associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancer types, including ovarian, bladder, testicular, pancreatic, breast, brain, and uveal melanoma. Immune-related analyses reveal a positive correlation between EMP1 and immune cell infiltration, particularly neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells, as well as high expression of immune checkpoint such as CD274, HAVCR2, IL10, PDCD1LG2, and TGFB1 in most tumors. In vivo experiments confirm that EMP1 promotes ovarian cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion. In conclusion, EMP1 emerges as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in various cancers, particularly ovarian cancer, due to its influence on tumor progression and immune cell dynamics. Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms of EMP1 in cancer biology and to translate these findings into clinical applications."
6287,brain tumour,38743009,"Resistance, rebound, and recurrence regrowth patterns in pediatric low-grade glioma treated by MAPK inhibition: A modified Delphi approach to build international consensus-based definitions-International Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma Coalition.","Pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) is the most common childhood brain tumor group. The natural history, when curative resection is not possible, is one of a chronic disease with periods of tumor stability and episodes of tumor progression. While there is a high overall survival rate, many patients experience significant and potentially lifelong morbidities. The majority of pLGGs have an underlying activation of the RAS/MAPK pathway due to mutational events, leading to the use of molecularly targeted therapies in clinical trials, with recent regulatory approval for the combination of BRAF and MEK inhibition for BRAFV600E mutated pLGG. Despite encouraging activity, tumor regrowth can occur during therapy due to drug resistance, off treatment as tumor recurrence, or as reported in some patients as a rapid rebound growth within 3 months of discontinuing targeted therapy. Definitions of these patterns of regrowth have not been well described in pLGG. For this reason, the International Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma Coalition, a global group of physicians and scientists, formed the Resistance, Rebound, and Recurrence (R3) working group to study resistance, rebound, and recurrence. A modified Delphi approach was undertaken to produce consensus-based definitions and recommendations for regrowth patterns in pLGG with specific reference to targeted therapies."
6288,brain tumour,38742969,Cerebellar Mutism Syndrome and Dentato-Thalamo-Cortical Tract Disruption in Diffusion Tractography Following Surgery for Medulloblastoma.,"Background Cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS), a complication following medulloblastoma surgery, has been linked to dentato-thalamo-cortical tract (DTCT) injury; the association of the degree of DTCT injury with severity of CMS-related symptoms has not been investigated. Purpose To investigate the association between severity of CMS-related symptoms and degree and patterns of DTCT injury with use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and if laterality of injury influences neurologic symptoms. Materials and Methods This retrospective case-control study used prospectively collected clinical and DTI data on patients with medulloblastoma enrolled in a clinical trial (between July 2016 and February 2020) and healthy controls (between April and November 2017), matched with the age range of the participants with medulloblastoma. CMS was divided into types 1 (CMS1) and 2 (CMS2). Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between CMS likelihood and DTCT injury. Results Overall, 82 participants with medulloblastoma (mean age, 11.0 years ± 5.2 [SD]; 53 male) and 35 healthy controls (mean age, 18.0 years ± 3.06; 18 female) were included. In participants with medulloblastoma, DTCT was absent bilaterally (AB), absent on the right side (AR), absent on the left side (AL), or present bilaterally (PB), while it was PB in all healthy controls. Odds of having CMS were associated with higher degree of DTCT damage (AB, odds ratio = 272.7 [95% CI: 269.68, 275.75; "
6289,brain tumour,38742944,Deciphering the causal relationship between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid metabolites and glioblastoma multiforme: a Mendelian Randomization study.,Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and fatal brain cancers. The study of metabolites could be crucial for understanding GBM's biology and reveal new treatment strategies.
6290,brain tumour,38742677,AQP8 Modulates Mitochondrial H,Aquaporin-8 (AQP8) is involved in impacting glioma proliferation and can effect tumour growth by regulating Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling levels. In addition to transporting H
6291,brain tumour,38742619,Letter to the Editor From Ho and Melmed: Clinical Practice and Nomenclature of Pituitary Neoplasms: Common Sense Must Prevail.,No abstract found
6292,brain tumour,38742451,Emulation and evaluation of tumor cell combined chemotherapy in isotropic/anisotropic collagen fiber microenvironments.,"The rapid emergence of anisotropic collagen fibers in the tissue microenvironment is a critical transition point in late-stage breast cancer. Specifically, the fiber orientation facilitates the likelihood of high-speed tumor cell invasion and metastasis, which pose lethal threats to patients. Thus, based on this transition point, one key issue is how to determine and evaluate efficient combination chemotherapy treatments in late-stage cancer. In this study, we designed a collagen microarray chip containing 241 high-throughput microchambers with embedded metastatic breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231-RFP. By utilizing collagen's unique structure and hydromechanical properties, the chip constructed three-dimensional isotropic and anisotropic collagen fiber structures to emulate the tumor cell microenvironment at early and late stages. We injected different chemotherapeutic drugs into its four channels and obtained composite biochemical concentration profiles. Our results demonstrate that anisotropic collagen fibers promote cell proliferation and migration more than isotropic collagen fibers, suggesting that the geometric arrangement of fibers plays an important role in regulating cell behavior. Moreover, the presence of anisotropic collagen fibers may be a potential factor leading to the poor efficacy of combined chemotherapy in late-stage breast cancer. We investigated the efficacy of various chemotherapy drugs using cell proliferation inhibitors paclitaxel and gemcitabine and tumor cell migration inhibitors 7rh and PP2. To ensure the validity of our findings, we followed a systematic approach that involved testing the inhibitory effects of these drugs. According to our results, the drug combinations' effectiveness could be ordered as follows: paclitaxel + gemcitabine > gemcitabine + 7rh > PP2 + paclitaxel > 7rh + PP2. This study shows that the biomimetic chip system not only facilitates the creation of a realistic "
6293,brain tumour,38742275,"A triad between sex, necrosis, and inflammation shapes glioblastoma outcomes.",No abstract found
6294,brain tumour,38742265,Pediatric Eosinophilic Granuloma Associated With Delayed Epidural Hematoma Following on Seizure: A Case Report.,"Eosinophilic granuloma (EG), a subtype of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), the monostotic form, is a rare condition characterized by a solitary bone lesion. It is even more unusual for this condition to be accompanied by an epidural hematoma (EDH). This case is unique in that it is the first to involve delayed EDH following a seizure. We describe a remarkable example of EG accompanied by an EDH and consider the rarity of this comorbidity. A 32-month-old boy developed a rapidly growing skull mass following a minor head injury. During surgical preparation for a biopsy, the patient experienced a single convulsion. Imaging following the seizure revealed an EDH in the vicinity of the mass. The mass was excised and confirmed to be an EG, but with positive margins. The patient underwent chemotherapy after systemic skeletal evaluation, in accordance with the LCH III protocol established by the Histiocytosis Society. EG is a rare neoplasm that typically presents as a painless growth on the skull that gradually enlarges over time. The correlation between EG and EDH is exceedingly uncommon, with only a few documented cases. This case study underscores the significance of considering EG in the differential diagnosis of an expanding cranium mass, even when associated with EDH. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can prevent serious complications and improve patient outcomes."
6295,brain tumour,38742264,Excessively Delayed Radiation Changes After Proton Beam Therapy for Brain Tumors: Report of Two Cases.,"Delayed cerebral necrosis is a well-known complication of radiation therapy (RT). Because of its irreversible nature, it should be avoided if possible, but avoidance occurs at the expense of potentially compromised tumor control, despite the use of the modern advanced technique of conformal RT that minimizes radiation to normal brain tissue. Risk factors for radiation-induced cerebral necrosis include a higher dose per fraction, larger treatment volume, higher cumulative dose, and shorter time interval (for re-irradiation). The same principle can be applied to proton beam therapy (PBT) to avoid delayed cerebral necrosis. However, conversion of PBT radiation energy into conventional RT is still short of clinical support, compared to conventional RT. Herein, we describe two patients with excessively delayed cerebral necrosis after PBT, in whom follow-up MRI showed no RT-induced changes prior to 3 years after treatment. One patient developed radiation necrosis at 4 years after PBT to the resection cavity of an astroblastoma, and the other developed brainstem necrosis that became symptomatic 6 months after its first appearance on the 3-year follow-up brain MRI. We also discuss possible differences between radiation changes after PBT versus conventional RT."
6296,brain tumour,38742263,Treatment of Clival Giant Cell Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review.,"Giant cell tumors (GCTs) are locally aggressive primary bone tumors of osteoclast-like cells. Most GCTs occur within the long bones, and primary GCTs involving the clivus are extremely rare. We present the case of an 18-year-old boy with binocular horizontal diplopia with an insidious onset who was found to have a hypointense enhancing mass involving the clivus and left side dorsum sellae on magnetic resonance images. The tumor was completely resected via an endoscopic endonasal transclival approach, and histopathologic examination via immunohistochemistry indicated a GCT. The patient's left abducens nerve palsy improved slightly after surgery. Because of the rarity of GCTs, there is no consensus about the definitive treatment protocol. However, we suggest that gross total resection is the treatment of choice, and denosumab plays a critical role in patients with subtotal resection."
6297,brain tumour,38742262,Spontaneous Regression of a Large Vestibular Schwannoma: Is Nonoperative Management Reasonable?,"Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are the most common cerebellopontine tumors. The natural history of smaller-sized VSs (<30 mm) has been well-studied, leading to the recommendation of a ""watch and wait"" approach. However, large VSs (>30 mm) have not been extensively studied, mainly because of their rarity. As such, most patients are conventionally offered surgery which carries a significant risk of neurological morbidity. Here, we report a case of a giant VS (>40 mm) in a 30-year-old man who regressed spontaneously. He was lost to follow-up for 18 years and, upon re-presentation, the symptomatology drastically improved and repeat imaging demonstrated a marked reduction in tumor size. Referring to similar cases in other studies, we postulate that most large and giant VSs undergo a phase of growth and stasis, followed by regression due to shifts in the balance between tumorigenic and regressive factors. Taken together with emerging molecular data, further studies are required to better understand the history of large and giant VSs to shape more personalized treatment options. This potentially includes non-operative management as a tenable option."
6298,brain tumour,38742261,Understanding the Brain-Heart Connection Through a Case of Angry Glioma Syndrome.,"We discuss a patient with a tumor on the anterior corpus callosum who underwent open biopsy eventually succumbing to cerebrogenic fatal arrhythmia following wounded glioma syndrome. A healthy 37-year-old female patient was admitted to our department due to a history of headache for 13 months. MRI revealed a suspicious glioma infiltrating the anterior corpus callosum. Neurologic examination only showed low cognitive assessment score (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score 20/30). ECG was normal sinus rhythm. Steroids and levetiracetam were administered prior to operation. Patient underwent right frontal craniotomy and biopsy of tumor with unremarkable events. During the first hospital day, patient had episodes of bradycardia followed by decrease in sensorium. Brain CT scan showed progression of edema without hemorrhage within the tumor bed. This was followed minutes later by two episodes of generalized tonic-clonic seizures and pulseless ventricular tachycardia. Cardiac resuscitation was done for 24 minutes but patient eventually expired. Location of the lesion and the epileptogenicity of the peritumoral cortex greatly contributed to the patient's demise. Involvement of the fronto-mesial structures, particularly the insula and the cingulate cortex, and their connection to the central autonomic network, increased susceptibility to arrhythmias. Decreased seizure threshold worsened post-operative edema, further aggravating the dysregulation of the brain-heart-connection."
6299,brain tumour,38742260,Primary Intracranial Ewing Sarcoma With an Unusual Presentation: A Case Report.,"Primary extraosseous intracranial Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an extremely rare disease, limited to the pediatric population, that primarily originates in the skull. Here, we present an unusual case of adult Ewing's sarcoma originating from the brain parenchyma. The 50-year-old male patient visited our hospital with severe headache lasting 3 weeks. MRI presented 6.1×6.2×5.2 cm sized heterogeneously enhanced mass containing peritumoral edema in the right frontal lobe. The patient underwent right frontal craniotomy, at which time the gray and red masses adhered to the surrounding brain parenchyma. The mass was completely resected using neuronavigation and electrophysiological monitoring. Histopathological examination revealed ES-compatible findings of small round cell tumor and CD-99 positive membranous immunostaining. Next generation sequencing revealed translocation and fusion of "
6300,brain tumour,38742259,Solitary Skull Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Presenting With a Pus Draining Fistula: An Unusual Presentation and Review of Literature.,"Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare condition in adults, especially when it is limited to a single area of the skull, known as solitary calvarial involvement. In this case report, we present a unique instance of LCH affecting the parietal bone with a pus-draining fistula. This is a rare and unusual presentation at this location, which has been scarcely reported in medical literature. A 30-year-old woman with no prior comorbidity presented with complaints of headache that persisted for a year. She also had swelling on her scalp and a yellowish discharge for 3 weeks, but no neurological problems were observed. Radiology revealed thinning of the calvaria, with ragged margins along the inner table, multiple focal erosions, and involvement of overlying soft tissue and bony sequestrum. The patient underwent biparietal craniotomy and excision of the lesion. The histopathology report showed LCH. After 8 months of follow-up, there was no recurrence. The management of solitary calvarial involvement by LCH with masquerading presentation as a scalp infection can be achieved through complete excision of the lesions, resulting in a favorable outcome."
6301,brain tumour,38742258,Application of a Standardized Treatment Paradigm as a Strategy to Achieve Optimal Onco-Functional Balance in Glioma Surgery.,"Gliomas, characterized by their invasive persistence and tendency to affect critical brain regions, pose a challenge in surgical resection due to the risk of neurological deficits. This study focuses on a personalized approach to achieving an optimal onco-functional balance in glioma resections, emphasizing maximal tumor removal while preserving the quality of life."
6302,brain tumour,38742257,Minimally Invasive Approaches in the Surgical Treatment of Intracranial Meningiomas: An Analysis of 54 Cases.,"Intracranial meningiomas, being a fairly common disease in the population, often require surgical treatment, which, in turn, can completely heal the patient. The localization of meningiomas often influences treatment even if they are asymptomatic. By modernizing approaches to surgical treatment, it is possible to minimize intra- and postoperative risks, while achieving complete removal of the tumor. One of these methods is minimally invasive neurosurgery, the development of which in recent years allows it to compete with standard surgical methods. The purpose of this study was the objectification of minimally invasive approaches, such as the calculation of the craniotomy area and the ratio of craniotomy area to the resected tumor volume."
6303,brain tumour,38742256,Patients With Hemangioblastoma: Mood Disorders and Sleep Quality.,"Sleep has confirmed physical, psychological, and behavioral benefits, and disruptions can result in disturbances in these states. Moreover, it can be linked bidirectionally with susceptibility to and the subsequent status of brain tumors. The current study examined mood disorders and sleep quality before and after surgery for hemangioblastoma brain tumors."
6304,brain tumour,38742150,Fully automatic mpMRI analysis using deep learning predicts peritumoral glioblastoma infiltration and subsequent recurrence.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is most aggressive and common adult brain tumor. The standard treatments typically include maximal surgical resection, followed adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the efficacy of these treatment is often limited, as tumor often infiltrate into the surrounding brain tissue, often extending beyond the radiologically defined margins. This infiltration contributes to the high recurrence rate and poor prognosis associated with GBM patients, necessitating advanced methods for early and accurate detection of tumor infiltration. Despite the great promise traditional supervised machine learning shows in predicting tumor infiltration beyond resectable margins, these methods are heavily reliant on expert-drawn Regions of Interest (ROIs), which are used to construct multi-variate models of different Magnetic Resonance (MR) signal characteristics associated with tumor infiltration. This process is both time consuming and resource intensive. Addressing this limitation, our study proposes a novel integration of fully automatic methods for generating ROIs with deep learning algorithms to create predictive maps of tumor infiltration. This approach uses pre-operative multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) scans, encompassing T1, T1Gd, T2, T2-FLAIR, and ADC sequences, to fully leverage the knowledge from previously drawn ROIs. Subsequently, a patch based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model is trained on these automatically generated ROIs to predict areas of potential tumor infiltration. The performance of this model was evaluated using a leave-one-out cross-validation approach. Generated predictive maps binarized for comparison against post-recurrence mpMRI scans. The model demonstrates robust predictive capability, evidenced by the average cross-validated accuracy of 0.87, specificity of 0.88, and sensitivity of 0.90. Notably, the odds ratio of 8.62 indicates that regions identified as high-risk on the predictive map were significantly more likely to exhibit tumor recurrence than low-risk regions. The proposed method demonstrates that a fully automatic mpMRI analysis using deep learning can successfully predict tumor infiltration in peritumoral region for GBM patients while bypassing the intensive requirement for expert-drawn ROIs."
6305,brain tumour,38742104,Interactions between circulating inflammatory factors and autism spectrum disorder: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study in European population.,"Extensive observational studies have reported an association between inflammatory factors and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but their causal relationships remain unclear. This study aims to offer deeper insight into causal relationships between circulating inflammatory factors and ASD."
6306,brain tumour,38742049,Causal effects of immune cells in glioblastoma: a Bayesian Mendelian Randomization study.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor, and immune cells play a crucial role in its initiation and progression. The immune system's cellular components, including various types of lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, among others, engage in intricate interactions with GBM. However, the precise nature of these interactions remains to be conclusively determined."
6307,brain tumour,38742007,Fatal convexity and interhemispheric acute subdural hematoma from a falx meningioma: A case report.,Hemorrhagic meningiomas are rare. We report a rare case of nontraumatic convexity and interhemispheric acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) caused by a falx meningioma.
6308,brain tumour,38742003,New CNS tumor classification: The importance in pediatric neurosurgical practice.,The management of the central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the pediatric population is crucial in neurosurgical practice. The World Health Organization (WHO) has evolved its classification of CNS tumors from the 19
6309,brain tumour,38741783,Automated online safety margin (GLIOVIS) for glioma surgery model.,"Glioblastoma is the most common type of primary brain malignancy and has a poor prognosis. The standard treatment strategy is based on maximal safe surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Surgical resection can be optimized by using 5-delta-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-induced fluorescence, which is the current mainstay. Although 5-ALA-induced fluorescence has gained general acceptance, it is also limited by inter-observer variability and non-standardized fluorescence parameters. We present a new software for processing images analysis to better recognize the tumor infiltration margins using an intraoperative immediate safety map of 5-ALA-induced fluorescence. We tested this in a brain model using a commercial surgical exoscope."
6310,brain tumour,38741545,A common tumour in a rare location: a single centre case series of cerebellar glioblastoma.,"Although glioblastoma is the commonest primary brain tumour in adults, its location in the cerebellum is extremely rare. We present thirteen cases (3 female, 10 male; median age at presentation 56 [age range 21-77]) of surgically managed, histologically confirmed, primary cerebellar glioblastoma (cGB) over a 17 year period (2005-2022). Pre-operative radiological diagnosis was challenging given cGB rarity, although MRI demonstrated ring enhancement in all cases. Surgical management included posterior fossa craniectomy and debulking in 11 cases and burr hole biopsy in two. CSF diversion was necessary in four cases. No evidence of IDH or ATRX gene mutations was found when tested. Survival ranged from 1 to 22 months after diagnosis (mean 10.9 months). We also seek to understand why glioblastoma is rare in this location and discuss potential reasons for this. We hypothesise that increasing anatomical distance from germinal regions and decreased local endogenous neural stem cell activity (which has been associated with glioblastoma) may explain why glioblastoma is rare in the cerebellum. We hereby seek to add to the limited literature on cGB as this is the largest UK cGB series to date."
6311,brain tumour,38741506,[Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome].,"Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), an autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction, is characterized by proximal muscle weakness, reduction of tendon reflexes, and autonomic dysfunction. LEMS shows a prevalence of approximately 0.25-0.27 per 100,000 population. The characteristic muscle weakness observed in patients with LEMS is attributed to the role of pathogenic autoantibodies directed against voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) present on the presynaptic nerve terminal. Notably, 50-60% of patients with LEMS have an associated tumor, small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), which also expresses functional voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC). The Japanese LEMS diagnostic criteria 2022 recommend documentation of typical electrophysiological abnormalities combined with myasthenic symptoms for accurate diagnosis. P/Q-type VGCC antibody positivity strongly supports the diagnosis. Treatment options are categorized as oncological treatment, immunotherapy, and symptomatic treatments. Effective treatment of the tumor can improve LEMS in patients with SCLC. Most patients benefit from 3,4-diaminopyridine administration for symptomatic treatment. A treatment algorithm is established by the clinical practice guidelines 2022."
6312,brain tumour,38741503,[Peripheral Neuropathy and Muscle Disorders as Immune-Related Adverse Events].,"Neurological immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) present diverse clinical characteristics. Neurological irAEs affect the peripheral nervous system and muscles more than they affect the central nervous system. Among the various subsets of peripheral neuropathies, polyradiculoneuropathy, which includes Guillain-Barre syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, stands out as the most severe form, leading to significant muscle weakness. ICIs can induce dysautonomia, including autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy. Autonomic neuropathy represents a neurological irAE. Neurological irAEs of neuromuscular junctions include myasthenia gravis (MG) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS). Diagnosing MG or myositis independently can be challenging when they occur as irAEs. Myocarditis is sometimes observed as an irAE in patients with MG and can cause both severe heart failure and lethal arrhythmias, resulting in fatal outcomes. Anti-Kv1.4 antibodies are biomarkers of the severe form of MG and myocarditis. The administration of ICI in patients with small cell lung cancer increases the risk of LEMS. The distinction between LEMS is an irAE or a manifestation of paraneoplastic neurological syndrome is unclear as both conditions share common immunological mechanisms."
6313,brain tumour,38741496,[Paraneoplastic Disorders of Peripheral Nervous System].,"Paraneoplastic disorders of the peripheral nervous system are immune-mediated neurological syndromes associated with tumors. Several clinical phenotypes have been associated with these disorders. Sensory neuronopathy is the most well-known clinical phenotype, and is caused by neuronal cell injury to the dorsal root ganglia. Symptoms of the peripheral nervous system usually lead to the discovery of tumors. Antineuronal antibodies are occasionally identified in the serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid of these patients. The prevalence of small-cell lung cancer is notable in these patients. Early tumor resection, coupled with the initiation of immunotherapy, may prove effective in improving and stabilizing clinical symptoms."
6314,brain tumour,38741437,Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of the dura mimicking meningioma: a case report and literature review.,"MALT lymphoma of the dura is a very rare type of low-grade B-cell lymphoma. Little more than 100 cases have been reported in the literature to date. We report a 43-year-old woman who was referred to hospital because of a series of three tonic-clonic seizures on the day of admission. Neurological examination revealed confusion and aphasia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a contrast-enhanced, broad-based lesion along the dura in the left parieto-occipital area. The suspicion of an en plaque meningioma was raised. The tumour invaded the brain parenchyma with visible extension into the brain sulci. There was a marked brain oedema surrounding the lesion and causing the midline shift 8 mm to the right. After stabilization of neurological condition (intravenous diuretics and steroids), the operation was performed. The diagnosis of dural MALT lymphoma was established. During the pathological examination, it was especially problematic to distinguish MALT lymphoma from follicular lymphoma, but the final diagnosis was MALT lymphoma. Surgical partial removal with additional R-CVP immunochemotherapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone) resulted in complete remission. The follow-up period is 1 year. Our presented case of a MALT lymphoma highlights the fact that surgical partial removal with additional immunochemotherapy is an available option in these rare intracranial tumours."
6315,brain tumour,38741436,Transformation of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma to gliosarcoma with features of osteosarcoma.,"Gliosarcoma (GS) is a rare variant of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. It is classified as grade 4 in the latest WHO CNS classification of both glial and mesenchymal components. Gliosarcoma may arise de novo or secondary from glioblastoma. It occurs in up to 2% of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. We present a case report of a 51-year-old patient who was initially diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme, which transformed into secondary gliosarcoma with an osteosarcoma component 16 months after the initial diagnosis. We believe that increasing reporting of secondary gliosarcoma (sGS) will be helpful in understanding, diagnosing and providing more effective treatment for this cancer."
6316,brain tumour,38741433,The diagnostic challenge of lack of choline level elevation on 1H-MR spectroscopy in grade II-III gliomas.,"The accurate diagnosis of brain tumour is very important in modern neuro-oncology medicine. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is supposed to be a promising tool for detecting cancerous lesions. However, the interpretation of MRS data is complicated by the fact that not all cancerous lesions exhibit elevated choline (Cho) levels. The main goal of our study was to investigate the lack of Cho lesion /Cho ref elevation in the population of grade II-III gliomas. 89 cases of gliomas grade II and III were used for the retrospective analysis - glioma (astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma) grade II (74 out of 89 cases [83%]) and III (15 out of 89 cases [17%]) underwent conventional MRI extended by MRS before treatment. Histopathological diagnosis was obtained either by biopsy or surgical resection. Gliomas were classified to the group of no-choline elevation when the ratio of choline measured within the tumour (Cho lesion ) to choline from NABT (Cho ref ) were equal to or lower than 1. Significant differences were observed between ratios of Cho lesion /Cr lesion calculated for no-choline elevation and glial tumour groups as well as in the NAA lesion /Cr lesion ratio between the no-choline elevation group and glial tumour group. With consistent data concerning choline level elevation and slightly lower NAA value, the Cho lesion /NAA lesion ratio is significantly higher in the WHO II glial tumour group compared to the no-choline elevation cases ( p < 0.000). In the current study the results demonstrated possibility of lack of choline elevation in patients with grade II-III gliomas, so it is important to remember that the lack of elevated choline levels does not exclude neoplastic lesion."
6317,brain tumour,38741325,Epidemiology and Management Trends of Neuro-Oncology in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis.,"Access to neuro-oncologic care in Nigeria has grown exponentially since the first reported cases in the mid-1960s. In this systematic review and pooled analysis, we characterize the growth of neurosurgical oncology in Nigeria and build a reference paper to direct efforts to expand this field."
6318,brain tumour,38741317,"In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding ""Risk Factors Related to Transient Diabetes Insipidus Development Following Transsphenoidal Pituitary Adenoma Resection: A Multicentric Study"".",No abstract found
6319,brain tumour,38741316,"Letter to the Editor Regarding ""Risk Factors Related to Transient Diabetes Insipidus Development Following Transsphenoidal Pituitary Adenoma Resection: A Multicentric Study"".",No abstract found
6320,brain tumour,38741305,"Letter to the Editor: ""Imperative for Increased Research into Tumor Treating Fields Therapy for Enhancing Glioblastoma Outcomes"".",No abstract found
6321,brain tumour,38741303,"Letter to Editor Regarding ""The Current Landscape of Neurosurgical Oncology in Low-Middle-Income Countries (LMIC): Strategies for the Path Forward"".",No abstract found
6322,brain tumour,38741234,Superficial Siderosis Causing Refractory Papilledema Following Brain Tumor Resection.,No abstract found
6323,brain tumour,38741142,Differentially expressed genes associated with high metabolic tumor volume served as diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer.,"The lack of distinct biomarkers for pancreatic cancer is a major cause of early-stage detection difficulty. The pancreatic cancer patient group with high metabolic tumor volume (MTV), one of the values measured from positron emission tomography-a confirmatory method and standard care for pancreatic cancer, showed a poorer prognosis than those with low MTV. Therefore, MTV-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) may be candidates for distinctive markers for pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of MTV-related DEGs as markers or therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer."
6324,brain tumour,38741139,PPAR-γ agonists reactivate the ALDOC-NR2F1 axis to enhance sensitivity to temozolomide and suppress glioblastoma progression.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a type of brain cancer categorized as a high-grade glioma. GBM is characterized by limited treatment options, low patient survival rates, and abnormal serotonin metabolism. Previous studies have investigated the tumor suppressor function of aldolase C (ALDOC), a glycolytic enzyme in GBM. However, it is unclear how ALDOC regulates production of serotonin and its associated receptors, HTRs. In this study, we analyzed ALDOC mRNA levels and methylation status using sequencing data and in silico datasets. Furthermore, we investigated pathways, phenotypes, and drug effects using cell and mouse models. Our results suggest that loss of ALDOC function in GBM promotes tumor cell invasion and migration. We observed that hypermethylation, which results in loss of ALDOC expression, is associated with serotonin hypersecretion and the inhibition of PPAR-γ signaling. Using several omics datasets, we present evidence that ALDOC regulates serotonin levels and safeguards PPAR-γ against serotonin metabolism mediated by 5-HT, which leads to a reduction in PPAR-γ expression. PPAR-γ activation inhibits serotonin release by HTR and diminishes GBM tumor growth in our cellular and animal models. Importantly, research has demonstrated that PPAR-γ agonists prolong animal survival rates and increase the efficacy of temozolomide in an orthotopic brain model of GBM. The relationship and function of the ALDOC-PPAR-γ axis could serve as a potential prognostic indicator. Furthermore, PPAR-γ agonists offer a new treatment alternative for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)."
6325,brain tumour,38740672,The incidence of brain metastases in breast cancer according to molecular subtype and stage: a 10-year single institution analysis.,Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common etiology of brain metastases (BrM). We aimed to examine the incidence of BrM among all BC patients presenting to a large tertiary cancer centre over one decade.
6326,brain tumour,38740641,"Descriptive epidemiology of 30,223 histopathologically confirmed meningiomas in France: 2006-2015.","Meningioma is one of the most common neoplasm of the central nervous system. To describe the epidemiology of meningioma operated in France and, to assess grading and histopathological variability among the different neurosurgical centres."
6327,brain tumour,38740554,Image-based assessment of natural killer cell activity against glioblastoma stem cells.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) poses a significant challenge in oncology and stands as the most aggressive form of brain cancer. A primary contributor to its relentless nature is the stem-like cancer cells, called glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs have the capacity for self-renewal and tumorigenesis, leading to frequent GBM recurrences and complicating treatment modalities. While natural killer (NK) cells exhibit potential in targeting and eliminating stem-like cancer cells, their efficacy within the GBM microenvironment is limited due to constrained infiltration and function. To address this limitation, novel investigations focusing on boosting NK cell activity against GSCs are imperative. This study presents two streamlined image-based assays assessing NK cell migration and cytotoxicity towards GSCs. It details protocols and explores the strengths and limitations of these methods. These assays could aid in identifying novel targets to enhance NK cell activity towards GSCs, facilitating the development of NK cell-based immunotherapy for improved GBM treatment."
6328,brain tumour,38740392,Sporadic subependymal giant cell astrocytoma with somatic ,"Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) is a rare circumscribed astrocytic glioma that occurs in approximately 25% of all tuberous sclerosis (TSC) cases. Herein, we discuss an atypical presentation of SEGA, including the genetic alterations, impact on clinical presentation, and the determinants of each medical and surgical treatment option. A 14-year-old girl presented with intermittent headache and a right intraventricular mass originating near the foramen of Monro. The tumor's proximity to critical structures necessitated maximum safe resection, which improved her symptoms. Histological findings indicated SEGA, and genetic sequencing revealed a "
6329,brain tumour,38740358,Fisetin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles ameliorate pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy and associated neurobehavioral alterations in mice: Role of ROS/TNF-α-NLRP3 inflammasomes pathway.,"Fisetin has displayed potential as an anticonvulsant in preclinical studies yet lacks clinical validation. Challenges like low solubility and rapid metabolism may limit its efficacy. This study explores fisetin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (NP) to address these issues. Using a murine model of pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy, we evaluated the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of fisetin NP. Pilocarpine-induced seizures and associated neurobehavioral deficits were assessed after administering subtherapeutic doses of free fisetin and fisetin NP. Changes in ROS, inflammatory cytokines, and NLRP3/IL-18 expression in different brain regions were estimated. The results demonstrate that the fisetin NP exerts protection against seizures and associated depression-like behavior and memory impairment. Furthermore, biochemical, and histological examinations supported behavioral findings suggesting attenuation of ROS/TNF-α-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway as a neuroprotective mechanism of fisetin NP. These findings highlight the improved pharmacodynamics of fisetin using fisetin NP against epilepsy, suggesting a promising therapeutic approach against epilepsy and associated behavioral deficits."
6330,brain tumour,38740168,"TAK-242 inhibits glioblastoma invasion, migration, and proneural-mesenchymal transition by inhibiting TLR4 signaling.","Resatorvid (TAK-242), a small-molecule inhibitor of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we explored the role of TAK-242 on glioblastoma (GBM) invasion, migration, and proneural-mesenchymal transition (PMT). RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data and full clinical information of glioma patients were downloaded from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts and then analyzed using R language; patients were grouped based on proneural (PN) and mesenchymal (MES) subtypes. Bioinformatics analysis was used to detect the difference in survival and TLR4-pathway expression between these groups. Cell viability assay, wound-healing test, and transwell assay, as well as an intracranial xenotransplantation mice model, were used to assess the functional role of TAK-242 in GBM in vitro and in vivo. RNA-Seq, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were employed to investigate the possible mechanism. TLR4 expression in GBM was significantly higher than in normal brain tissue and upregulated the expression of MES marker genes. Moreover, TAK-242 inhibited GBM progression in vitro and in vivo via linking with PMT, which could be a novel treatment strategy for inhibiting GBM recurrence."
6331,brain tumour,38740092,Radiation-primed TGF-β trapping by engineered extracellular vesicles for targeted glioblastoma therapy.,"The poor outcome of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treated with immunotherapy is attributed to the profound immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and the lack of effective delivery across the blood-brain barrier. Radiation therapy (RT) induces an immunogenic antitumor response that is counteracted by evasive mechanisms, among which transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activation is the most prominent factor. We report an extracellular vesicle (EV)-based nanotherapeutic that traps TGF-β by expressing the extracellular domain of the TGF-β type II receptor and targets GBM by decorating the EV surface with RGD peptide. We show that short-burst radiation dramatically enhanced the targeting efficiency of RGD peptide-conjugated EVs to GBM, while the displayed TGF-β trap reversed radiation-stimulated TGF-β activation in the TME, offering a synergistic effect in the murine GBM model. The combined therapy significantly increased CD8"
6332,brain tumour,38740084,Barriers to Neurosurgical Care of Brain Tumors in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of the Service Delivery Challenges.,"Brain tumors pose a major challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to limited resources and high costs, resulting in hampered service delivery of neurosurgical care and significant disparities in patient outcomes compared to high-income nations. Therefore, our systematic review aims to identify barriers to service delivery in providing adequate surgical care for the management of brain tumors in LMICs."
6333,brain tumour,38740022,Tumefactive primary central nervous system vasculitis mimicking a brain metastasis in a patient with kidney cancer.,No abstract found
6334,brain tumour,30020730,Meige Syndrome,"Meige syndrome is a focal dystonic movement disorder characterized by blepharospasm (double eyelid spasm) and oromandibular dystonia. Dystonia involves abnormal involuntary posturing or body movements resulting from sustained muscle contractions, often arising from neurological or medical causes. In 1910, Dr Henry Meige, a French neurologist, observed abnormal contractions of midline facial muscles, including involuntary eyelid closure, in approximately 10 patients. He initially termed this condition ""spasm facial median."" These patients also demonstrated a similar clinical manifestation in the muscles of the jaw and oropharynx. In 1972, Dr George Paulson introduced the term ""Meige syndrome"" to describe patients experiencing facial muscle spasms, notably blepharospasm and dystonia of oromandibular muscles. After several years, Gilbert introduced the term ""Brueghel syndrome"" to describe a case of jaw dystonia, distinguished from Meige syndrome by the absence of blepharospasm. The use of the term ""Meige syndrome"" for a type of dystonia based on historical perspectives can be problematic and confusing, especially considering that this physician did not suffer from the syndrome and was not the first doctor to describe this type of dystonia. Medical associations, including the Council of Science Editors, have discouraged using possessive forms of eponyms. Moreover, Meige syndrome is sometimes confused with Meigs' syndrome, which is unrelated to dystonia and defines the clinical presentation found in a specific type of benign ovarian tumor. Although the exact pathophysiology of Meige syndrome is unknown, it is believed to be related to abnormalities in the basal ganglia—a critical brain region essential for motor control. Dystonia is thought to result from dysfunction in neurotransmitter systems, particularly affecting dopamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The course of Meige syndrome varies significantly from person to person. Symptoms typically begin gradually and may worsen over time, although they can also enter spontaneous remission or remain stable. The age of symptom onset may also differ. Some individuals experience symptoms in early adulthood, whereas others may not exhibit them until later in life. Managing and treating symptoms can be challenging due to their unpredictable nature and influence on day-to-day functioning. The lower face and jaw are typically the initial areas to exhibit signs of Meige syndrome. These signs manifest as involuntary spasms of the muscles involved in speech, swallowing, and chewing. Eventually, dystonic movements can extend to the lips, tongue, cheeks, and neck muscles, among other parts of the face. In some cases, dystonia may extend to different parts of the body, resulting in generalized dystonia, while in others, it remains confined to the oromandibular region."
6335,brain tumour,38739949,Primary intraosseous xanthoma of the frontal bone in a child: illustrative case.,"Skull lesions are a common finding in children, with dermoid cysts and eosinophilic granulomas observed most frequently. However, primary intraosseous xanthomas of the calvaria, which are lytic, expansile lesions that develop without underlying hyperlipidemic disease, are rare in children, with only one prior case reported."
6336,brain tumour,38739832,Periorbital Oedema Associated with Hypothyroidism - A Case Report.,"Pituitary microadenomas are said to be common, with an incidence of 27%. Hypothyroidism causing periorbital oedema (PO) remains rare in the literature, but it is still within the etiological factors."
6337,brain tumour,38739282,Association of 5-aminolevulinic acid fluorescence guided resection with photodynamic therapy in recurrent glioblastoma: a matched cohort study.,"Glioblastoma is a malignant and aggressive brain tumour that, although there have been improvements in the first line treatment, there is still no consensus regarding the best standard of care (SOC) upon its inevitable recurrence. There are novel adjuvant therapies that aim to improve local disease control. Nowadays, the association of intraoperative photodynamic therapy (PDT) immediately after a 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence-guided resection (FGR) in malignant gliomas surgery has emerged as a potential and feasible strategy to increase the extent of safe resection and destroy residual tumour in the surgical cavity borders, respectively."
6338,brain tumour,38739183,"Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-mitophagy effects of trans sodium crocetinate on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in BALB/C57 mice.","Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the degeneration of myelin and inflammation in the central nervous system. Trans sodium crocetinate (TSC), a novel synthetic carotenoid compound, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of TSC against the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a well-established model for MS. Female BALB/C57 mice were divided into different groups, including control, EAE, vehicle, TSC-treated (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, administered via gavage) + EAE, methyl prednisone acetate + EAE, and TSC-treated (100 mg/kg, administered via gavage for 28 days) groups. EAE was induced using MOG35-55, complete Freund's adjuvant, and pertussis toxin. In the mice spinal cord tissues, the oxidative markers (GSH and MDA) were measured using spectrophotometry and histological evaluation was performed. Mitophagic pathway proteins (PINK1and PARKIN) and inflammatory factors (IL-1β and TNF-α) were evaluated by western blot. Following 21 days post-induction, EAE mice exhibited weight loss, and the paralysis scores increased on day 13 but recovered after TSC (100 mg/kg) administration on day 16. Furthermore, TSC (50 and 100 mg/kg) reversed the altered levels of MDA and GSH in the spinal cord tissue of EAE mice. TSC (100 mg/kg) also decreased microgliosis, demyelination, and the levels of inflammatory markers IL-1β and TNF-α. Notably, TSC (100 mg/kg) modulated the mitophagy pathway by reducing PINK1 and Parkin protein levels. These findings demonstrate that TSC protects spinal cord tissue against EAE-induced MS through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-mitophagy mechanisms."
6339,brain tumour,38739112,Discovery of Novel Small-Molecule-Based Potential PD-L1/EGFR Dual Inhibitors with High Druggability for Glioblastoma Immunotherapy.,"Based on the close relationship between programmed death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in glioblastoma (GBM), we designed and synthesized a series of small molecules as potential dual inhibitors of EGFR and PD-L1. Among them, compound "
6340,brain tumour,38739004,TNF-α can promote membrane invasion by activating the MAPK/MMP9 signaling pathway through autocrine in bone-invasive pituitary adenoma.,"A bone-invasive pituitary adenoma exhibits aggressive behavior, leading to a worse prognosis. We have found that TNF-α promotes bone invasion by facilitating the differentiation of osteoclasts, however, before bone-invasive pituitary adenoma invades bone tissue, it needs to penetrate the dura mater, and this mechanism is not yet clear."
6341,brain tumour,38738989,A cuproptosis-based prognostic model for predicting survival in low-grade glioma.,It is unknown what variables contribute to the formation and multiplication of low-grade gliomas (LGG). An emerging process of cell death is called cuproptosis. Our research aims to increase therapeutic options and gain a better understanding of the role that cuproptosis-related genes play in the physical characteristics of low-grade gliomas.
6342,brain tumour,38738958,The biological behavior and clinical outcome of pituitary adenoma are affected by the microenvironment.,"Pituitary adenoma is one of the most common brain tumors. Most pituitary adenomas are benign and can be cured by surgery and/or medication. However, some pituitary adenomas show aggressive growth with a fast growth rate and are resistant to conventional treatments such as surgery, drug therapy, and radiation therapy. These tumors, referred to as refractory pituitary adenomas, often relapse or regrow in the early postoperative period. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has recently been identified as an important factor affecting the biological manifestations of tumors and acts as the main battlefield between the tumor and the host immune system."
6343,brain tumour,38738558,Economic evaluation of stereotactic radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery technologies in the treatment of cancers: a systematic review.,This systematic review study investigated the cost-effectiveness of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for treatment of various types of cancers.
6344,brain tumour,38738428,SLC22A17 as a Cell Death-Linked Regulator of Tight Junctions in Cerebral Ischemia.,"Beyond neuronal injury, cell death pathways may also contribute to vascular injury after stroke. We examined protein networks linked to major cell death pathways and identified SLC22A17 (solute carrier family 22 member 17) as a novel mediator that regulates endothelial tight junctions after ischemia and inflammatory stress."
6345,brain tumour,38738127,A Peculiar Case of Rapidly Recurring Metastasis of Malignant Non-small Cell Primary Lung Carcinoma to the Heart.,"We report the case of a 64-year-old adult male with a rapidly recurring metastatic lung carcinoma in the right atrium of the heart. Advanced-stage lung carcinomas can metastasize to other organs such as the heart, bones, brain, liver, adrenal glands, and lymphatic system, although actual rates of metastasis to the heart are relatively quite low. This patient was diagnosed with a right atrial mass that was determined through pathology to be a result of an existing non-small cell lung carcinoma. This mass, despite resection, reappeared two weeks later at the same location and with a similar size to the previous metastatic tumor. This case highlights the importance of closely monitoring sites of resected tumors for potential regrowth and complications."
6346,brain tumour,38738092,Rare Cardiac Tumor: Do We Know All About Cardiac Myxofibrosarcoma?,"Primary cardiac tumors (PCTs) are less frequent and carry an incidence of 1.38 per 100,000 population per year. Myxofibrosarcomas are reported as one of the rarest forms of cardiac sarcomas, mostly with mesenchymal origin and located in the left atrium. Current research indicates an increase in median survival from 14 months to 36 months following complete resection and chemoradiotherapy. A 55-year-old Caucasian woman was admitted with brief self-resolving episodes of aphasia following migraine headaches for the past few months with associated exertional dyspnea and episodes of hypotension. Examination revealed a right-sided facial droop with cardiac murmur on auscultation. MRI brain was recommended which revealed a non-hemorrhagic infarct and multiple watershed infarcts. A transesophageal echocardiography revealed a large mass of around 5 cm in size located at the posterior wall of the left atrium causing mitral stenosis. The patient was initially managed conservatively and referred to cardiothoracic surgery and underwent a complete surgical resection. The histopathological report indicated the presence of primary cardiac sarcoma, and a postoperative positron emission therapy (PET) scan revealed no other foci of cancer further strengthening evidence of a primary cardiac pathology. This case represents a rare cardiac pathology presenting with non-cardiac symptoms."
6347,brain tumour,38737898,"Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with motor deficits after brain tumor resection: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial.","Surgical resection of motor eloquent tumors poses the risk of causing postoperative motor deficits which leads to reduced quality of life in these patients. Currently, rehabilitative procedures are limited with physical therapy being the main treatment option. This study investigated the efficacy of repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment of motor deficits after supratentorial tumor resection."
6348,brain tumour,38737673,Prognostic significance of alterations in fibrinogen level and fibrinogen-to-lymphocyte ratio after radiotherapy on survival outcomes in glioblastoma.,"Fibrinogen (FIB) plays an important role in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis, but its clinical significance in glioblastoma has not been studied. We intend to explore the prognostic value by retrospectively analyzing the changes in FIB and fibrinogen-to-lymphocyte ratio (FLR) in glioblastoma patients before and after radiotherapy, and study the impact of radiotherapy on them."
6349,brain tumour,38737618,Novel ,"Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are malignant tumors predominantly affecting children, often leading to poor outcomes. The 2021 World Health Organization classification identifies 3 subtypes of DMGs, all characterized by the loss of H3K27 trimethylation. Here, we report 2 cases of DMG with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ("
6350,brain tumour,38737617,Performance and symptom validity indicators among children undergoing cognitive surveillance following treatment for craniopharyngioma.,"Performance validity tests (PVTs) and symptom validity tests (SVTs) are essential to neuropsychological evaluations, helping ensure findings reflect true abilities or concerns. It is unclear how PVTs and SVTs perform in children who received radiotherapy for brain tumors. Accordingly, we investigated the rate of noncredible performance on validity indicators as well as associations with fatigue and lower intellectual functioning."
6351,brain tumour,38737615,App-based assessment of patient-reported outcomes in the Molecular Tumor Board in the Center for Personalized Medicine-(TRACE).,Biomarker-based therapies are increasingly used in cancer patients outside clinical trials. Systematic assessment of patient-reported outcomes (PRO) is warranted to take patients' perspectives during biomarker-based therapies into consideration. We assessed the feasibility of an electronic PRO assessment via a smartphone application.
6352,brain tumour,38737614,The experience of caregiving for adults with benign brain tumors: An integrative review.,"Caregiving for the adult benign brain tumor (aBBT) population is unique, as patients' extended period of survivorship poses significant challenges related to the long-term sequelae of the disease and the foreboding possibility of recurrence. In this integrative review, we examined the caregiving experience across the spectrum of the aBBT population."
6353,brain tumour,38737612,Impact of clinical target volume margin reduction in glioblastoma patients treated with concurrent chemoradiation.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is widely treated using large radiotherapy margins, resulting in substantial irradiation of the surrounding cerebral structures. In this context, the question arises whether these margins could be safely reduced. In 2018, clinical target volume (CTV) expansion was reduced in our institution from 20 to 15 mm around the gross target volume (GTV) (ie, the contrast-enhancing tumor/cavity). We sought to retrospectively analyze the impact of this reduction."
6354,brain tumour,38737609,Understanding the association between fatigue and neurocognitive functioning in patients with glioma: A cross-sectional multinational study.,"Fatigue and neurocognitive impairment are highly prevalent in patients with glioma, significantly impacting health-related quality of life. Despite the presumed association between these two factors, evidence remains sparse. Therefore, we aimed to investigate this relationship using multinational data."
6355,brain tumour,38737608,The relationship between social determinants of health and neurocognitive and mood-related symptoms in the primary brain tumor population: A systematic review.,"Social determinants of health (SDOH) impact cancer-related health outcomes, including survival, but their impact on symptoms is less understood among the primary brain tumor (PBT) population. We conducted a systematic review to examine the relationships between SDOH and neurocognitive and mood-related symptoms among the PBT population. PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched using PROGRESS criteria (place of residence, race/ethnicity, occupation, gender/sex, religion, education, socioeconomic status, and social capital) on March 8th, 2022. Two individuals screened and assessed study quality using the NHLBI Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional Studies. Of 3006 abstracts identified, 150 full-text articles were assessed, and 48 were included for a total sample of 28 454 study participants. Twenty-two studies examined 1 SDOH; none examined all 8. Four studies measured place of residence, 2 race/ethnicity, 13 occupation, 42 gender, 1 religion, 18 education, 4 socioeconomic status, and 15 social capital. Fifteen studies assessed neurocognitive and 37 mood-related symptoms. While higher education was associated with less neurocognitive symptoms, and among individuals with meningioma sustained unemployment after surgery was associated with depressive symptoms, results were otherwise disparate among SDOH and symptoms. Most studies were descriptive or exploratory, lacking comprehensive inclusion of SDOH. Standardizing SDOH collection, reducing bias, and recruiting diverse samples are recommended in future interventions."
6356,brain tumour,38737607,Global health status and fatigue score in isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant diffuse glioma grades 2 and 3: A longitudinal population-based study from surgery to 12-month follow-up.,"At the group level, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with IDH-mutant diffuse glioma grades 2 and 3 seems to remain stable over time. However, clinical experience indicates that there are patients with unfavorable outcomes on key HRQoL subdomains. The aim of this longitudinal population-based study, following patients over a period of 12 months from surgery, was to describe individual-level data on global health status and fatigue score and explore possible predictors of deterioration."
6357,brain tumour,38737604,Multimodal imaging with magnetization transfer and diffusion tensor imaging reveals evidence of myelin damage in children and youth treated for a brain tumor.,"The microstructural damage underlying compromise of white matter following treatment for pediatric brain tumors is unclear. We use multimodal imaging employing advanced diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) MRI methods to examine chronic microstructural damage to white matter in children and adolescents treated for pediatric brain tumor. Notably, MTI may be more sensitive to macromolecular content, including myelin, than DTI."
6358,brain tumour,38737477,An optimized method of culturing neurons based on polyacrylamide gel.,"Substrate stiffness is a microenvironment with a certain stiffness constructed by the extracellular matrix and adjacent cells, which plays an important role in the growth and development of cells and tissue formation. Studies have indicated that the stiffness of the brain is about 0.1-1 kPa. The physiological and pathological processes of the nervous system are mediated by the substrate stiffness that the neurons suffer. However, how substrate stiffness regulates these processes remains to be studied. Culturing neurons on substrates with different stiffness "
6359,brain tumour,38737451,Glioblastoma Cells Use an Integrin- and CD44-Mediated Motor-Clutch Mode of Migration in Brain Tissue.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignant brain tumor with 2 year survival rates of 6.7% (Stupp et al. in J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 25:4127-4136, 2007; Mohammed et al. in Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 27:1026-1036, 2002). One key characteristic of the disease is the ability of glioblastoma cells to migrate rapidly and spread throughout healthy brain tissue (Lefranc et al. in J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 23:2411-2422, 2005; Hoelzinger et al. in J Natl Cancer Inst 21:1583-1593, 2007). To develop treatments that effectively target cell migration, it is important to understand the fundamental mechanism driving cell migration in brain tissue. Several models of cell migration have been proposed, including the motor-clutch, bleb-based motility, and osmotic engine models."
6360,brain tumour,38737337,Enhancing Modality-Agnostic Representations via Meta-learning for Brain Tumor Segmentation.,"In medical vision, different imaging modalities provide complementary information. However, in practice, not all modalities may be available during inference or even training. Previous approaches, e.g., knowledge distillation or image synthesis, often assume the availability of full modalities for all subjects during training; this is unrealistic and impractical due to the variability in data collection across sites. We propose a novel approach to learn enhanced modality-agnostic representations by employing a meta-learning strategy in training, even when only limited full modality samples are available. Meta-learning enhances partial modality representations to full modality representations by meta-training on partial modality data and meta-testing on limited full modality samples. Additionally, we co-supervise this feature enrichment by introducing an auxiliary adversarial learning branch. More specifically, a missing modality detector is used as a discriminator to mimic the full modality setting. Our segmentation framework significantly outperforms state-of-the-art brain tumor segmentation techniques in missing modality scenarios."
6361,brain tumour,38737179,Foramen of Monro choroid plexus papilloma: An extremely rare location managed by endoscopic resection.,"Choroid plexus papillomas are rare brain neoplasms, primarily observed in children, and typically manifest with symptoms indicative of heightened intracranial pressure and cerebral irritation. In addition, the tumor's localization varies with the patient's age, and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches predominantly rely on imaging findings and surgical interventions, with histopathological examination being essential for confirmation. This study outlines a unique instance of choroid plexus papilloma in a 30-year-old female, who presented with severe headache and vomiting, subsequently revealing hydrocephalus on Brain CT. Remarkably, the tumor was identified in the Foramen of Monro, an exceedingly rare and unreported location in adults. Notably, the patient underwent successful endoscopic resection without complications, a technique sparsely documented in similar cases. Choroid plexus papilloma, predominantly afflicting children, displays varied tumor locations depending on the patient's age. Our report highlights an exceptional case with an atypical tumor location that was not reported before to our knowledge, and addressed through an innovative endoscopic resection method that was recently used in the management of such cases. This underscores the importance of considering diverse tumor presentations, as it has a favorable prognosis achievable through management, especially with the increasing number of reported cases. Moreover, it advocates for the adoption of emerging endoscopic approaches, which exhibit promising outcomes."
6362,brain tumour,38736372,Cognitive brain activity before and after surgery in meningioma patients.,"Neuropsychological studies have demonstrated that meningioma patients frequently exhibit cognitive deficits before surgery and show only limited improvement after surgery. Combining neuropsychological with functional imaging measurements can shed more light on the impact of surgery on cognitive brain function. We aimed to evaluate whether surgery affects cognitive brain activity in such a manner that it may mask possible changes in cognitive functioning measured by neuropsychological tests. Twenty-three meningioma patients participated in a fMRI measurement using a verbal working memory task as well as three neuropsychological tests focused on working memory, just before and 3 months after surgery. A region of interest based fMRI analysis was used to examine cognitive brain activity at these timepoints within the central executive network and default mode network. Neuropsychological assessment showed impaired cognitive functioning before as well as 3 months after surgery. Neuropsychological test scores, in-scanner task performance as well as brain activity within the central executive and default mode network were not significantly different between both timepoints. Our results indicate that surgery does not significantly affect cognitive brain activity in meningioma patients the first few months after surgery. Therefore, the lack of cognitive improvement after surgery is not likely the result of compensatory processes in the brain. Cognitive deficits that are already present before surgery appear to be persistent after surgery and a considerable recovery period. Our study shows potential leads that comprehensive cognitive evaluation can be of added value so that cognitive functioning may become a more prominent factor in clinical decision making."
6363,brain tumour,38736183,Somatic mutational profiling and clinical impact of driver genes in Latin-Iberian medulloblastomas: Towards precision medicine.,"Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most prevalent malignant brain tumor in children, known for its heterogeneity and treatment-associated toxicity, and there is a critical need for new therapeutic targets. We analyzed the somatic mutation profile of 15 driver genes in 69 Latin-Iberian molecularly characterized medulloblastomas using the Illumina TruSight Tumor 15 panel. We classified the variants based on their clinical impact and oncogenicity. Among the patients, 66.7% were MB"
6364,brain tumour,38735642,"Disseminated cerebral cryptococcoma mimicking glioblastoma - A case report."".","We discuss a rare instance of cryptococcoma caused by Cryptococcus gattii in a 55-year-old woman initially treated for suspected COVID bronchopneumonia. The diagnosis posed a challenge due to vague symptoms and unclear imaging findings suggesting malignancy. Postoperative samples confirmed the presence of Cryptococcus gattii through culture of brain tissue and blood. Appropriate therapy was initiated, but despite treatment, it led to a fatal outcome. The case emphasizes the crucial role of microbiologist in early diagnosis of fungal infections of Central Nervous System. Additionally, the delayed diagnosis in immunocompetent individuals highlights the critical need for early recognition and intervention to mitigate potentially fatal outcomes."
6365,brain tumour,38735564,Assessing the Suitability of Artificial Intelligence-Based Chatbots as Counseling Agents for Patients with Brain Tumor: A Comprehensive Survey Analysis.,"The internet, particularly social media, has become a popular resource for learning about health and investigating one's own health conditions. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots has been fueled by the increasing availability of digital health data and advances in natural language processing techniques. While these chatbots are more accessible than before, they sometimes fail to provide accurate information."
6366,brain tumour,38735134,A high dose KRP203 induces cytoplasmic vacuoles associated with altered phosphoinositide segregation and endosome expansion.,"In animal cells, vacuoles are absent, but can be induced by diseases and drugs. While phosphoinositides are critical for membrane trafficking, their role in the formation of these vacuoles remains unclear. The immunosuppressive KRP203/Mocravimod, which antagonizes sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors, has been identified as having novel multimodal activity against phosphoinositide kinases. However, the impact of this novel KRP203 activity is unknown. Here, we show that KRP203 disrupts the spatial organization of phosphoinositides and induces extensive vacuolization in tumor cells and immortalized fibroblasts. The KRP203-induced vacuoles are primarily from endosomes, and augmented by inhibition of PIKFYVE and VPS34. Conversely, overexpression of PTEN decreased KRP203-induced vacuole formation. Furthermore, V-ATPase inhibition completely blunted KRP203-induced vacuolization, pointing to a critical requirement of the endosomal maturation process. Importantly, nearly a half of KRP203-induced vacuoles are significantly decorated with PI4P, a phosphoinositide typically enriched at the plasma membrane and Golgi. These results suggest a model that noncanonical spatial reorganization of phosphoinositides by KRP203 alters the endosomal maturation process, leading to vacuolization. Taken together, this study reveals a previously unrecognized bioactivity of KRP203 as a vacuole-inducing agent and its unique mechanism of phosphoinositide modulation, providing a new insight of phosphoinositide regulation into vacuolization-associated diseases and their molecular pathologies."
6367,brain tumour,38735088,How Cancer Harms the Developing Brain: Long-Term Outcomes in Pediatric Cancer Survivors.,"Survival rates for pediatric cancer are improving, resulting in a rising need to understand and address long-term sequelae. In this narrative review, we summarize the effects of cancer and its treatment on the developing brain, with a focus on neurocognitive function in leukemia and pediatric brain tumor survivors. We then discuss possible mechanisms of brain injury and management considerations."
6368,brain tumour,38734897,BCKDK modification enhances the anticancer efficacy of CAR-T cells by reprogramming branched chain amino acid metabolism.,"Altered branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine, isoleucine, and valine, are frequently observed in patients with advanced cancer. We evaluated the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell-mediated cancer cell lysis potential in the immune microenvironment of BCAA supplementation and deletion. BCAA supplementation increased cancer cell killing percentage, while accelerating BCAA catabolism and decreasing BCAA transporter decreased cancer cell lysis efficacy. We thus designed BCKDK engineering CAR T cells for the reprogramming of BCAA metabolism in the tumor microenvironment based on the genotype and phenotype modification. BCKDK overexpression (OE) in CAR-T cells significantly improved cancer cell lysis, while BCKDK knockout (KO) resulted in inferior lysis potential. In an in vivo experiment, BCKDK-OE CAR-T cell treatment significantly prolonged the survival of mice bearing NALM6-GL cancer cells, with the differentiation of central memory cells and an increasing proportion of CAR-T cells in the peripheral circulation. BCKDK-KO CAR-T cell treatment resulted in shorter survival and a decreasing percentage of CAR-T cells in the peripheral circulation. In conclusion, BCKDK-engineered CAR-T cells exert a distinct phenotype for superior anticancer efficiency."
6369,brain tumour,38734658,Transcript and protein signatures derived from shared molecular interactions across cancers are associated with mortality.,"Characterization of shared cancer mechanisms have been proposed to improve therapy strategies and prognosis. Here, we aimed to identify shared cell-cell interactions (CCIs) within the tumor microenvironment across multiple solid cancers and assess their association with cancer mortality."
6370,brain tumour,38734629,Enhancing brain tumor detection in MRI images through explainable AI using Grad-CAM with Resnet 50.,"This study addresses the critical challenge of detecting brain tumors using MRI images, a pivotal task in medical diagnostics that demands high accuracy and interpretability. While deep learning has shown remarkable success in medical image analysis, there remains a substantial need for models that are not only accurate but also interpretable to healthcare professionals. The existing methodologies, predominantly deep learning-based, often act as black boxes, providing little insight into their decision-making process. This research introduces an integrated approach using ResNet50, a deep learning model, combined with Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) to offer a transparent and explainable framework for brain tumor detection. We employed a dataset of MRI images, enhanced through data augmentation, to train and validate our model. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in model performance, with a testing accuracy of 98.52% and precision-recall metrics exceeding 98%, showcasing the model's effectiveness in distinguishing tumor presence. The application of Grad-CAM provides insightful visual explanations, illustrating the model's focus areas in making predictions. This fusion of high accuracy and explainability holds profound implications for medical diagnostics, offering a pathway towards more reliable and interpretable brain tumor detection tools."
6371,brain tumour,38734583,P53 upregulation by USP7-engaging molecular glues.,"Molecular glues are typically small chemical molecules that act at the interface between a target protein and degradation machinery to trigger ternary complex formation. Identifying molecular glues is challenging. There is a scarcity of target-specific upregulating molecular glues, which are highly anticipated for numerous targets, including P53. P53 is degraded in proteasomes through polyubiquitination by specific E3 ligases, whereas deubiquitinases (DUBs) remove polyubiquitination conjugates to counteract these E3 ligases. Thus, small-molecular glues that enhance P53 anchoring to DUBs may stabilize P53 through deubiquitination. Here, using small-molecule microarray-based technology and unbiased screening, we identified three potential molecular glues that may tether P53 to the DUB, USP7, and elevate the P53 level. Among the molecular glues, bromocriptine (BC) is an FDA-approved drug with the most robust effects. BC was further verified to increase P53 stability via the predicted molecular glue mechanism engaging USP7. Consistent with P53 upregulation in cancer cells, BC was shown to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and suppress tumor growth in a xenograft model. In summary, we established a potential screening platform and identified potential molecular glues upregulating P53. Similar strategies could be applied to the identification of other types of molecular glues that may benefit drug discovery and chemical biology studies."
6372,brain tumour,38734343,BCL6 is a context-dependent mediator of the glioblastoma response to irradiation therapy.,"Glioblastoma is a rapidly fatal brain cancer that does not respond to therapy. Previous research showed that the transcriptional repressor protein BCL6 is upregulated by chemo and radiotherapy in glioblastoma, and inhibition of BCL6 enhances the effectiveness of these therapies. Therefore, BCL6 is a promising target to improve the efficacy of current glioblastoma treatment. BCL6 acts as a transcriptional repressor in germinal centre B cells and as an oncogene in lymphoma and other cancers. However, in glioblastoma, BCL6 induced by therapy may not be able to repress transcription. Using a BCL6 inhibitor, the whole proteome response to irradiation was compared with and without BCL6 activity. Acute high dose irradiation caused BCL6 to switch from repressing the DNA damage response to promoting stress response signalling. Rapid immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry of endogenous proteins (RIME) enabled comparison of BCL6 partner proteins between untreated and irradiated glioblastoma cells. BCL6 was associated with transcriptional coregulators in untreated glioblastoma including the known partner NCOR2. However, this association was lost in response to acute irradiation, where BCL6 unexpectedly associated with synaptic and plasma membrane proteins. These results reveal the activity of BCL6 under therapy-induced stress is context-dependent, and potentially altered by the intensity of that stress."
6373,brain tumour,38734194,Upregulation of HAS2 promotes glioma cell proliferation and chemoresistance via c-myc.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant human brain tumor. Although comprehensive therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy following surgery, have shown promise in prolonging survival, the prognosis for GBM patients remains poor, with an overall survival rate of only 14.6 months. Chemoresistance is a major obstacle to successful treatment and contributes to relapse and poor survival rates in glioma patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel strategies to overcome chemoresistance and improve treatment outcomes for human glioma patients. Recent studies have shown that the tumor microenvironment plays a key role in chemoresistance. Our study demonstrates that upregulation of HAS2 and subsequent hyaluronan secretion promotes glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and chemoresistance in vitro and in vivo through the c-myc pathway. Targeting HAS2 sensitizes glioma cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Additionally, we found that hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1α regulates HAS2 expression. Together, our findings provide insights into the dysregulation of HAS2 and its role in chemoresistance and suggest potential therapeutic strategies for GBM."
6374,brain tumour,38734176,Safety and Efficacy of Biopsy in Patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas.,"Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas are aggressive tumors that carry a poor prognosis with a 2-year survival rate of <10%. The imaging appearance is often pathognomonic, and surgical biopsy is not mandatory to initiate treatment in children. Studies of biopsy samples provide insight into the disease's molecular pathobiology and open prospects for targeted therapy. This study was conducted to determine the diagnostic yield and safety of stereotactic biopsies."
6375,brain tumour,38734167,Effects of the Use of Neuronavigation in Patients with Supratentorial Brain Gliomas: A Cohort Study.,"Despite the growing acceptance of neuronavigation in the field of neurosurgery, there is limited comparative research with contradictory results. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness (tumor resection rate and survival) and safety (frequency of neurological complications) of surgery for brain gliomas with or without neuronavigation."
6376,brain tumour,38734160,Comprehensive molecular characterization of long-term glioblastoma survivors.,"Fewer than 5 % glioblastoma (GBM) patients survive over five years and are termed long-term survivors (LTS), yet their molecular background is unclear. The present cohort included 72 isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype GBM patients, consisting of 35 LTS and 37 short-term survivors (STS), and we employed whole exome sequencing, RNA-seq and DNA methylation array to delineate this largest LTS cohort to date. Although LTS and STS demonstrated analogous clinical characters and classical GBM biomarkers, CASC5 (P = 0.002) and SPEN (P = 0.013) mutations were enriched in LTS, whereas gene-to-gene fusions were concentrated in STS (P = 0.007). Importantly, LTS exhibited higher tumor mutation burden (P < 0.001) and copy number (CN) increase (P = 0.013), but lower mutant-allele tumor heterogeneity score (P < 0.001) and CN decrease (P = 0.026). Additionally, LTS demonstrated hypermethylated genome (P < 0.001) relative to STS. Differentially expressed and methylated genes both enriched in olfactory transduction. Further, analysis of the tumor microenvironment revealed higher infiltration of M1 macrophages (P = 0.043), B cells (P = 0.016), class-switched memory B cells (P = 0.002), central memory CD4"
6377,brain tumour,38734123,Potential of TSPO radioligands: Bridging brain tumor diagnostics to the peripheries.,"Translocator protein (TSPO) is involved in several cellular mechanisms such as steroidogenesis, immunomodulation, cell proliferation and differentiation. Overexpressed in several neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancer, TSPO radioligands have been developed over the last 20 years in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Recently, TSPO radioligands have extended beyond their initial application due to their specific binding to activated macrophages, making them a compelling biomarker for deciphering the intricacies of the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we synthesized recent progress from the evaluation of TSPO-specific PET tracers in various peripheral tumor models and highlighted the hurdles and limitations associated with heterogeneous uptake in healthy tissue and tumor regions to achieve the clinical development of such a radiotracer."
6378,brain tumour,38733856,Identifying Lesions of the Corpus Callosum in Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 1.,Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a multisystemic autosomal dominant disorder that includes intracranial lesions such as unidentified bright objects (UBOs)-areas of increased T2 signal on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-and tumors known as gliomas. The presence of these lesions in the corpus callosum (CC) has not been previously studied in a large cohort.
6379,brain tumour,38733825,Silencing BMAL1 promotes M1/M2 polarization through the LDHA/lactate axis to promote GBM sensitivity to bevacizumab.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) has poor clinical prognosis due to limited treatment options. In addition, the current treatment regimens for GBM may only slightly prolong patient survival. The aim of this study was to assess the role of BMAL1 in the immune microenvironment and drug resistance of GBM."
6380,brain tumour,38733690,Effects of Apatinib combined with Temozolomide on levels of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in patients with drug-resistant recurrent glioblastoma.,This study aimed to explore the effects of Apatinib combined with Temozolomide (TMZ) on the levels of Soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) and Soluble Programmed Death-1 Ligand (sPD-L1) in patients with drug-resistant recurrent Glioblastoma (GB).
6381,brain tumour,38733671,Evaluation of KIAA1549::BRAF fusions and clinicopathological insights of pilocytic astrocytomas.,"Pilocytic astrocytoma (PAs) represents a significant portion of childhood primary brain tumors, with distinct histological and radiological features. The prevalence of KIAA1549::BRAF fusion in PAs has been well-established, this study aims to assess the prevalence of KIAA1549::BRAF fusions and explore their associations with tumor characteristics, radiological findings, and patient outcomes in PAs."
6382,brain tumour,38733642,Fractionated radiation therapy alters energy metabolism and induces cellular quiescence exit in patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models of high-grade glioma.,"Radiation is one of the standard therapies for pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG), of which the prognosis remains poor. To gain an in-depth understanding of biological consequences beyond the classic DNA damage, we treated 9 patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models, including one with DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency, with fractionated radiations (2 Gy/day x 5 days). Extension of survival time was noted in 5 PDOX models (P < 0.05) accompanied by γH2AX positivity in >95 % tumor cells in tumor core and >85 % in the invasive foci as well as ∼30 % apoptotic and mitotic catastrophic cell death. The model with DNA MMR (IC-1406HGG) was the most responsive to radiation with a reduction of Ki-67(+) cells. Altered metabolism, including mitochondria number elevation, COX IV activation and reactive oxygen species accumulation, were detected together with the enrichment of CD133"
6383,brain tumour,38733390,The safety and efficacy of bevacizumab in treatment of recurrent low-grade glioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are among the most common malignancies in various age ranges. Low-grade glioma (LGG) can account for nearly 30% of pediatric CNS malignancies. Progression or recurrence after the first-line treatments is common among these patients. Therefore, more treatments are required. Bevacizumab as an anti-VEGF antibody has come into the spotlight recently and is especially used in relapse or recurrence settings. This review aims to study the safety and efficacy of bevacizumab for patients with recurrent LGG."
6384,brain tumour,38733343,Ultrasensitive and Rapid Circulating Tumor DNA Liquid Biopsy Using Surface-Confined Gene Amplification on Dispersible Magnetic Nano-Electrodes.,"Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection has been acknowledged as a promising liquid biopsy approach for cancer diagnosis, with various ctDNA assays used for early detection and treatment monitoring. Dispersible magnetic nanoparticle-based electrochemical detection methods have been proposed as promising candidates for ctDNA detection based on the detection performance and features of the platform material. This study proposes a nanoparticle surface-localized genetic amplification approach by integrating Fe"
6385,brain tumour,38733316,Clinical value of BRE-AS1 in myocardial infarction and its role in myocardial infarction-induced cardiac muscle cell apoptosis.,
6386,brain tumour,38733301,Histone deacetylase-3 regulates the expression of the amyloid precursor protein and its inhibition promotes neuroregenerative pathways in Alzheimer's disease models.,"HDAC3 inhibition has been shown to improve memory and reduce amyloid-β (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the molecular effects of HDAC3 inhibition on AD pathology, using in vitro and ex vivo models of AD, based on our finding that HDAC3 expression is increased in AD brains. For this purpose, N2a mouse neuroblastoma cells as well as organotypic brain cultures (OBCSs) of 5XFAD and wild-type mice were incubated with various concentrations of the HDAC3 selective inhibitor RGFP966 (0.1-10 μM) for 24 h. Treatment with RGFP966 or HDAC3 knockdown in N2a cells was associated with an increase on amyloid precursor protein (APP) and mRNA expressions, without alterations in Aβ42 secretion. In vitro chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed enriched HDAC3 binding at APP promoter regions. The increase in APP expression was also detected in OBCSs from 5XFAD mice incubated with 1 μM RGFP966, without changes in Aβ. In addition, HDAC3 inhibition resulted in a reduction of activated Iba-1-positive microglia and astrocytes in 5XFAD slices, which was not observed in OBCSs from wild-type mice. mRNA sequencing analysis revealed that HDAC3 inhibition modulated neuronal regenerative pathways related to neurogenesis, differentiation, axonogenesis, and dendritic spine density in OBCSs. Our findings highlight the complexity and diversity of the effects of HDAC3 inhibition on AD models and suggest that HDAC3 may have multiple roles in the regulation of APP expression and processing, as well as in the modulation of neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective genes."
6387,brain tumour,38733245,Understanding supported self-management for people living with a lower-grade glioma: Implementation considerations through the lens of normalisation process theory.,"Supported self-management can improve clinical and psychosocial outcomes in people with cancer; the considerations required to implement self-management support (SMS) for people living with a lower-grade glioma (LGG)-who often have complex support needs-are not known. We aimed to identify and understand these implementation considerations through the lens of normalisation process theory (NPT), from the perspectives of healthcare professionals (HCP) and people with LGG."
6388,brain tumour,38733172,Trastuzumab deruxtecan in previously treated HER2-positive metastatic or unresectable breast cancer: Real-life data from the temporary use authorization program in France.,Early access program (formerly cohort Temporary Authorization for Use) was granted for trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in France based on DESTINY-Breast01 trial which demonstrated its efficacy and safety in HER2-positive metastatic/unresectable breast cancer after ≥2 anti-HER2-based regimens received at metastatic stage.
6389,brain tumour,38733169,Artificial neural network identified a 20-gene panel in predicting immunotherapy response and survival benefits after anti-PD1/PD-L1 treatment in glioblastoma patients.,"Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a promising immunotherapy approach, but glioblastoma clinical trials have not yielded satisfactory results."
6390,brain tumour,38732975,Biosensor-Enhanced Organ-on-a-Chip Models for Investigating Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics.,"Glioblastoma, an aggressive primary brain tumor, poses a significant challenge owing to its dynamic and intricate tumor microenvironment. This review investigates the innovative integration of biosensor-enhanced organ-on-a-chip (OOC) models as a novel strategy for an in-depth exploration of glioblastoma tumor microenvironment dynamics. In recent years, the transformative approach of incorporating biosensors into OOC platforms has enabled real-time monitoring and analysis of cellular behaviors within a controlled microenvironment. Conventional in vitro and in vivo models exhibit inherent limitations in accurately replicating the complex nature of glioblastoma progression. This review addresses the existing research gap by pioneering the integration of biosensor-enhanced OOC models, providing a comprehensive platform for investigating glioblastoma tumor microenvironment dynamics. The applications of this combined approach in studying glioblastoma dynamics are critically scrutinized, emphasizing its potential to bridge the gap between simplistic models and the intricate in vivo conditions. Furthermore, the article discusses the implications of biosensor-enhanced OOC models in elucidating the dynamic features of the tumor microenvironment, encompassing cell migration, proliferation, and interactions. By furnishing real-time insights, these models significantly contribute to unraveling the complex biology of glioblastoma, thereby influencing the development of more accurate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies."
6391,brain tumour,38732347,The Riddle of the Double Vision-A Rare Case of Intracranial Tumor: When Imaging Resolves the Mystery.,"A 77-year-old-man with arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus type II presented at our clinic for a routine ophthalmological exam. He complained of intermittent double vision. The ophthalmic examination revealed paralysis of III (n. oculomotorius) and VI (n. abducens) cranial nerves with ptosis, deficit in elevation and abduction of the left eye. The patient underwent urgent MRI imaging of the brain/orbits and paranasal sinuses, and urgent neurological assessment. MRI revealed a volume-occupying process, starting from the posterior wall of the left maxillary sinus with perineural diffusion and involvement of the homolateral trigeminal nerve, intracranial spread in the medial cranial fossa and involvement of the cavernous, sphenoidal sinuses and the orbital apex on the left side. Biopsy was performed, and the histology resulted in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma with intracranial spread."
6392,brain tumour,38732225,"OV Modulators of the Paediatric Brain TIME: Current Status, Combination Strategies, Limitations and Future Directions.","Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are characterised by their preference for infecting and replicating in tumour cells either naturally or after genetic modification, resulting in oncolysis. Furthermore, OVs can elicit both local and systemic anticancer immune responses while specifically infecting and lysing tumour cells. These characteristics render them a promising therapeutic approach for paediatric brain tumours (PBTs). PBTs are frequently marked by a cold tumour immune microenvironment (TIME), which suppresses immunotherapies. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the capability of OVs to induce a proinflammatory immune response, thereby modifying the TIME. In-depth insights into the effect of OVs on different cell types in the TIME may therefore provide a compelling basis for using OVs in combination with other immunotherapy modalities. However, certain limitations persist in our understanding of oncolytic viruses' ability to regulate the TIME to enhance anti-tumour activity. These limitations primarily stem from the translational limitations of model systems, the difficulties associated with tracking reliable markers of efficacy throughout the course of treatment and the role of pre-existing viral immunity. In this review, we describe the different alterations observed in the TIME in PBTs due to OV treatment, combination therapies of OVs with different immunotherapies and the hurdles limiting the development of effective OV therapies while suggesting future directions based on existing evidence."
6393,brain tumour,38732165,Ethnicity-Based Variations in Focal Adhesion Kinase Signaling in Glioblastoma Gene Expression: A Study of the Puerto Rican Hispanic Population.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive form of brain cancer, has a higher incidence in non-Hispanics when compared to the US Hispanic population. Using data from RT-PCR analysis of 21 GBM tissue from Hispanic patients in Puerto Rico, we identified significant correlations in the gene expression of focal adhesion kinase and proline-rich tyrosine kinase (PTK2 and PTK2B) with NGFR (nerve growth factor receptor), PDGFRB (platelet-derived growth factor receptor B), EGFR (epithelial growth factor receptor), and CXCR1 (C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1). This study further explores these correlations found in gene expression while accounting for sex and ethnicity. Statistically significant ("
6394,brain tumour,38732140,Unveiling the Dynamics behind Glioblastoma Multiforme Single-Cell Data Heterogeneity.,"Glioblastoma Multiforme is a brain tumor distinguished by its aggressiveness. We suggested that this aggressiveness leads single-cell RNA-sequence data (scRNA-seq) to span a representative portion of the cancer attractors domain. This conjecture allowed us to interpret the scRNA-seq heterogeneity as reflecting a representative trajectory within the attractor's domain. We considered factors such as genomic instability to characterize the cancer dynamics through stochastic fixed points. The fixed points were derived from centroids obtained through various clustering methods to verify our method sensitivity. This methodological foundation is based upon sample and time average equivalence, assigning an interpretative value to the data cluster centroids and supporting parameters estimation. We used stochastic simulations to reproduce the dynamics, and our results showed an alignment between experimental and simulated dataset centroids. We also computed the Waddington landscape, which provided a visual framework for validating the centroids and standard deviations as characterizations of cancer attractors. Additionally, we examined the stability and transitions between attractors and revealed a potential interplay between subtypes. These transitions might be related to cancer recurrence and progression, connecting the molecular mechanisms of cancer heterogeneity with statistical properties of gene expression dynamics. Our work advances the modeling of gene expression dynamics and paves the way for personalized therapeutic interventions."
6395,brain tumour,38732135,The Potential of the Fibronectin Inhibitor Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser in the Development of Therapies for Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal and common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. An important feature that supports GBM aggressiveness is the unique composition of its extracellular matrix (ECM). Particularly, fibronectin plays an important role in cancer cell adhesion, differentiation, proliferation, and chemoresistance. Thus, herein, a hydrogel with mechanical properties compatible with the brain and the ability to disrupt the dynamic and reciprocal interaction between fibronectin and tumor cells was produced. High-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) functionalized with the inhibitory fibronectin peptide Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) was used to produce the polymeric matrix. Liposomes encapsulating doxorubicin (DOX) were also included in the hydrogel to kill GBM cells. The resulting hydrogel containing liposomes with therapeutic DOX concentrations presented rheological properties like a healthy brain. In vitro assays demonstrated that unmodified HMW-HA hydrogels only caused GBM cell killing after DOX incorporation. Conversely, RGDS-functionalized hydrogels displayed per se cytotoxicity. As GBM cells produce several proteolytic enzymes capable of disrupting the peptide-HA bond, we selected MMP-2 to illustrate this phenomenon. Therefore, RGDS internalization can induce GBM cell apoptosis. Importantly, RGDS-functionalized hydrogel incorporating DOX efficiently damaged GBM cells without affecting astrocyte viability, proving its safety. Overall, the results demonstrate the potential of the RGDS-functionalized hydrogel to develop safe and effective GBM treatments."
6396,brain tumour,38732099,Disease Evolution Monitored by Serial Cerebrospinal Fluid Liquid Biopsies in Two Cases of Recurrent Medulloblastoma.,"Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in childhood. Initial treatment generally includes surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy. Approximately 20-30% of patients will experience a recurrence, which portends a very poor prognosis. The current standard of care for evaluation for relapse includes radiographic surveillance with magnetic resonance imaging at regular intervals. The presence of circulating tumor DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid has been demonstrated to be a predictor of a higher risk of progression in a research setting for patients with medulloblastoma treated on a prospective single institution clinical trial. We have previously published and clinically validated a liquid-biopsy-based genetic assay utilizing low-pass whole genome sequencing to detect copy number alterations in circulating tumor DNA. Here, we present two teenage patients with posterior fossa medulloblastoma with recurrent disease who have been monitored with serial liquid biopsies showing tumor evolution over time, demonstrating the clinical utility of these approaches."
6397,brain tumour,38732030,In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of Melanoma Cell Migration by Antagonistic Mimetics of Adhesion Molecule L1CAM.,"Melanoma, the deadliest type of skin cancer, has a high propensity to metastasize to other organs, including the brain, lymph nodes, lungs, and bones. While progress has been made in managing melanoma with targeted and immune therapies, many patients do not benefit from these current treatment modalities. Tumor cell migration is the initial step for invasion and metastasis. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying metastasis is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for metastatic diseases, including melanoma. The cell adhesion molecule L1CAM (CD171, in short L1) is upregulated in many human cancers, enhancing tumor cell migration. Earlier studies showed that the small-molecule antagonistic mimetics of L1 suppress glioblastoma cell migration in vitro. This study aims to evaluate if L1 mimetic antagonists can inhibit melanoma cell migration in vitro and in vivo. We showed that two antagonistic mimetics of L1, anagrelide and 2-hydroxy-5-fluoropyrimidine (2H5F), reduced melanoma cell migration in vitro. In in vivo allograft studies, only 2H5F-treated female mice showed a decrease in tumor volume."
6398,brain tumour,38731204,Optical Methods for Brain Tumor Detection: A Systematic Review.,
6399,brain tumour,38730736,Hypnosis-Assisted Awake Craniotomy for Eloquent Brain Tumors: Advantages and Pitfalls.,"Awake craniotomy (AC) is recommended for the resection of tumors in eloquent areas. It is traditionally performed under monitored anesthesia care (MAC), which relies on hypnotics and opioids. Hypnosis-assisted AC (HAAC) is an emerging technique that aims to provide psychological support while reducing the need for pharmacological sedation and analgesia. We aimed to compare the characteristics and outcomes of patients who underwent AC under HAAC or MAC."
6400,brain tumour,38730731,Opaganib Downregulates N-Myc Expression and Suppresses In Vitro and In Vivo Growth of Neuroblastoma Cells.,"Neuroblastoma (NB), the most common cancer in infants and the most common solid tumor outside the brain in children, grows aggressively and responds poorly to current therapies. We have identified a new drug (opaganib, also known as ABC294640) that modulates sphingolipid metabolism by inhibiting the synthesis of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) by sphingosine kinase-2 and elevating dihydroceramides by inhibition of dihydroceramide desaturase. The present studies sought to determine the potential therapeutic activity of opaganib in cell culture and xenograft models of NB. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that NB cells, including cells with amplified "
6401,brain tumour,38730705,Antiretroviral Drug Repositioning for Glioblastoma.,"Outcomes for glioblastoma (GBM) remain poor despite standard-of-care treatments including surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. Intratumoral heterogeneity contributes to treatment resistance and poor prognosis, thus demanding novel therapeutic approaches. Drug repositioning studies on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have shown promising potent antineoplastic effects in multiple cancers; however, its efficacy in GBM remains unclear. To better understand the pleiotropic anticancer effects of ART on GBM, we conducted a comprehensive drug repurposing analysis of ART in GBM to highlight its utility in translational neuro-oncology. To uncover the anticancer role of ART in GBM, we conducted a comprehensive bioinformatic and in vitro screen of antiretrovirals against glioblastoma. Using the DepMap repository and reversal of gene expression score, we conducted an unbiased screen of 16 antiretrovirals in 40 glioma cell lines to identify promising candidates for GBM drug repositioning. We utilized patient-derived neurospheres and glioma cell lines to assess neurosphere viability, proliferation, and stemness. Our in silico screen revealed that several ART drugs including reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) demonstrated marked anti-glioma activity with the capability of reversing the GBM disease signature. RTIs effectively decreased cell viability, GBM stem cell markers, and proliferation. Our study provides mechanistic and functional insight into the utility of ART repurposing for malignant gliomas, which supports the current literature. Given their safety profile, preclinical efficacy, and neuropenetrance, ARTs may be a promising adjuvant treatment for GBM."
6402,brain tumour,38730695,Long-Term Results of Stereotactic Radiotherapy in Patients with at Least 10 Brain Metastases at Diagnosis.,to evaluate an SRT approach in patients with at least 10 lesions at the time of BM initial diagnosis.
6403,brain tumour,38730694,Quantitative Assessment of Tumor Contact with Neurogenic Zones and Its Effects on Survival: Insights beyond Traditional Predictors.,"So far, the cellular origin of glioblastoma (GBM) needs to be determined, with prevalent theories suggesting emergence from transformed endogenous stem cells. Adult neurogenesis primarily occurs in two brain regions: the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Whether the proximity of GBM to these neurogenic niches affects patient outcome remains uncertain. Previous studies often rely on subjective assessments, limiting the reliability of those results. In this study, we assessed the impact of GBM's relationship with the cortex, SVZ and SGZ on clinical variables using fully automated segmentation methods. In 177 glioblastoma patients, we calculated optimal cutpoints of minimal distances to the SVZ and SGZ to distinguish poor from favorable survival. The impact of tumor contact with neurogenic zones on clinical parameters, such as overall survival, multifocality, MGMT promotor methylation, Ki-67 and KPS score was also examined by multivariable regression analysis, chi-square test and Mann-Whitney-U. The analysis confirmed shorter survival in tumors contacting the SVZ with an optimal cutpoint of 14 mm distance to the SVZ, separating poor from more favorable survival. In contrast, tumor contact with the SGZ did not negatively affect survival. We did not find significant correlations with multifocality or MGMT promotor methylation in tumors contacting the SVZ, as previous studies discussed. These findings suggest that the spatial relationship between GBM and neurogenic niches needs to be assessed differently. Objective measurements disprove prior assumptions, warranting further research on this topic."
6404,brain tumour,38730685,A Role for iNOS in Erastin Mediated Reduction of P-Glycoprotein Transport Activity.,"The blood-brain barrier is composed of both a physical barrier and an enzymatic barrier. Tight junction (TJ) proteins expressed between endothelial cells of brain capillaries provide the physical barrier to paracellular movement of ions and molecules to the brain, while luminal-facing efflux transporters enzymatically restrict the entry of blood-borne molecules from entering the brain. The expression and activity of ATP Binding Cassette transporters or ""ABC"" transporters in endothelial cells of the BBB and in human tumor cells are dynamically regulated by numerous signaling pathways. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), (ABCB1), is arguably the most studied transporter of the BBB, and in human cell lines. P-glycoprotein transport activity is rapidly inhibited by signaling pathways that call for the rapid production of nitric oxide (NO) from the inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme, iNOS. This study investigated how nano-molar levels of the selective chemotherapeutic erastin affect the activity or expression of P-glycoprotein transporter in brain capillaries and in human tumor cell lines. We chose erastin because it signals to iNOS for NO production at low concentrations. Furthermore, erastin inhibits the cellular uptake of cystine through the X"
6405,brain tumour,38730673,Integration of Computational Pipeline to Streamline Efficacious Drug Nomination and Biomarker Discovery in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest, most heterogeneous, and most common brain cancer in adults. Not only is there an urgent need to identify efficacious therapeutics, but there is also a great need to pair these therapeutics with biomarkers that can help tailor treatment to the right patient populations. We built patient drug response models by integrating patient tumor transcriptome data with high-throughput cell line drug screening data as well as Bayesian networks to infer relationships between patient gene expression and drug response. Through these discovery pipelines, we identified agents of interest for GBM to be effective across five independent patient cohorts and in a mouse avatar model: among them are a number of MEK inhibitors (MEKis). We also predicted phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase enzyme (PHGDH) gene expression levels to be causally associated with MEKi efficacy, where knockdown of this gene increased tumor sensitivity to MEKi and overexpression led to MEKi resistance. Overall, our work demonstrated the power of integrating computational approaches. In doing so, we quickly nominated several drugs with varying known mechanisms of action that can efficaciously target GBM. By simultaneously identifying biomarkers with these drugs, we also provide tools to select the right patient populations for subsequent evaluation."
6406,brain tumour,38730671,Direct Implantation of Patient Brain Tumor Cells into Matching Locations in Mouse Brains for Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft Model Development.,
6407,brain tumour,38730666,Clinical Theranostics in Recurrent Gliomas: A Review.,"Gliomas represent the most commonly occurring tumors in the central nervous system and account for approximately 80% of all malignant primary brain tumors. With a high malignancy and recurrence risk, the prognosis of high-grade gliomas is poor, with a mean survival time of 12-18 months. While contrast-enhanced MRI serves as the standard diagnostic imaging modality for gliomas, it faces limitations in the evaluation of recurrent gliomas, failing to distinguish between treatment-related changes and tumor progression, and offers no direct therapeutic options. Recent advances in imaging modalities have attempted to address some of these limitations, including positron emission tomography (PET), which has demonstrated success in delineating tumor margins and guiding the treatment of recurrent gliomas. Additionally, with the advent of theranostics in nuclear medicine, PET tracers, when combined with therapeutic agents, have also evolved beyond a purely diagnostic modality, serving both diagnostic and therapeutic roles. This review will discuss the growing involvement of theranostics in diagnosing and treating recurrent gliomas and address the associated impact on quality of life and functional recovery."
6408,brain tumour,38730651,Rehabilitation in People Living with Glioblastoma: A Narrative Review of the Literature.,"Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. While preliminary data point to the positive effects of rehabilitation for patients with glioblastoma, there are unique challenges for clinicians working with this population, including limited life expectancy and/or rapid neurological deterioration. The aim of this article is to review the literature on rehabilitation of adults with glioblastoma, including the feasibility of interventions, their effectiveness, as well as the current clinical practice. The reviewed literature suggests that rehabilitation has been found beneficial for improving the functional prognosis and quality of life of adults with glioblastoma and is desired by patients. We summarize the qualitative evidence regarding healthcare professionals' and patients' perspectives on the use of supportive care services. We conclude there is a need for the design of effective rehabilitation programs for patients with glioblastoma, as well as for the development of glioblastoma-specific clinical guidelines for rehabilitation practitioners."
6409,brain tumour,38730633,Extracellular Vesicles for Childhood Cancer Liquid Biopsy.,"Liquid biopsy involves the utilization of minimally invasive or noninvasive techniques to detect biomarkers in biofluids for disease diagnosis, monitoring, or guiding treatments. This approach is promising for the early diagnosis of childhood cancer, especially for brain tumors, where tissue biopsies are more challenging and cause late detection. Extracellular vesicles offer several characteristics that make them ideal resources for childhood cancer liquid biopsy. Extracellular vesicles are nanosized particles, primarily secreted by all cell types into body fluids such as blood and urine, and contain molecular cargos, i.e., lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids of original cells. Notably, the lipid bilayer-enclosed structure of extracellular vesicles protects their cargos from enzymatic degradation in the extracellular milieu. Proteins and nucleic acids of extracellular vesicles represent genetic alterations and molecular profiles of childhood cancer, thus serving as promising resources for precision medicine in cancer diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis prediction. This review evaluates the recent progress of extracellular vesicles as a liquid biopsy platform for various types of childhood cancer, discusses the mechanistic roles of molecular cargos in carcinogenesis and metastasis, and provides perspectives on extracellular vesicle-guided therapeutic intervention. Extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy for childhood cancer may ultimately contribute to improving patient outcomes."
6410,brain tumour,38730617,Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Patients with Brain Metastases from Hepatopancreaticobiliary Cancers.,The role of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for patients with brain metastases from hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) cancers has yet to be established. The authors present a single-institution experience of patients with HPB cancers who underwent SRS when their cancer spread to the brain.
6411,brain tumour,38730602,The Safety and Efficacy of the Combination of Sacituzumab Govitecan and Palliative Radiotherapy-A Retrospective Multi-Center Cohort Study.,"Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) is a new treatment option for patients with metastatic triple-negative and hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. This antibody-drug conjugate is currently approved as monotherapy. Palliative radiotherapy is frequently used to treat symptomatic metastases locally. Concurrent use of SG and irradiation was excluded in clinical trials of SG, and there are currently limited published data. We report here a systematic review, as well as a retrospective multi-center study of 17 patients with triple-negative breast cancer who received concurrent SG and radiotherapy. In these patients, concurrent use was found to be efficient, safe and well tolerated. There were no apparent differences in moderate or severe acute toxicity according to the timing of SG administration."
6412,brain tumour,38730589,Pentraxin 3: A Main Driver of Inflammation and Immune System Dysfunction in the Tumor Microenvironment of Glioblastoma.,"Brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of brain neoplasms that are highly prevalent in individuals of all ages worldwide. Within this pathological framework, the most prevalent and aggressive type of primary brain tumor is glioblastoma (GB), a subtype of glioma that falls within the IV-grade astrocytoma group. The death rate for patients with GB remains high, occurring within a few months after diagnosis, even with the gold-standard therapies now available, such as surgery, radiation, or a pharmaceutical approach with Temozolomide. For this reason, it is crucial to continue looking for cutting-edge therapeutic options to raise patients' survival chances. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a multifunctional protein that has a variety of regulatory roles in inflammatory processes related to extracellular matrix (ECM). An increase in PTX3 blood levels is considered a trustworthy factor associated with the beginning of inflammation. Moreover, scientific evidence suggested that PTX3 is a sensitive and earlier inflammation-related marker compared to the short pentraxin C-reactive protein (CRP). In several tumoral subtypes, via regulating complement-dependent and macrophage-associated tumor-promoting inflammation, it has been demonstrated that PTX3 may function as a promoter of cancer metastasis, invasion, and stemness. Our review aims to deeply evaluate the function of PTX3 in the pathological context of GB, considering its pivotal biological activities and its possible role as a molecular target for future therapies."
6413,brain tumour,38730565,Fast and High-Resolution T,"To develop a highly accelerated multi-echo spin-echo method, TEMPURA, for reducing the acquisition time and/or increasing spatial resolution for kidney T"
6414,brain tumour,38730547,Unmet needs in people with high-grade glioma: defining criteria for stepped care intervention.,We aimed to define levels of unmet supportive care needs in people with primary brain tumor and to reach expert consensus on feasibility of addressing patients' needs in clinical practice.
6415,brain tumour,38730481,The microtubule targeting agent ST-401 triggers cell death in interphase and prevents the formation of polyploid giant cancer cells.,"Microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) are commonly prescribed to treat cancers and predominantly kill cancer cells in mitosis. Significantly, some MTA-treated cancer cells escape death in mitosis, exit mitosis and become malignant polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC). Considering the low number of cancer cells undergoing mitosis in tumor tissues, killing them in interphase may represent a favored antitumor approach. We discovered that ST-401, a mild inhibitor of microtubule (MT) assembly, preferentially kills cancer cells in interphase as opposed to mitosis, a cell death mechanism that avoids the development of PGCC. Single cell RNA sequencing identified mRNA transcripts regulated by ST-401, including mRNAs involved in ribosome and mitochondrial functions. Accordingly, ST-401 induces a transient integrated stress response, reduces energy metabolism, and promotes mitochondria fission. This cell response may underly death in interphase and avoid the development of PGCC. Considering that ST-401 is a brain-penetrant MTA, we validated these results in glioblastoma cell lines and found that ST-401 also reduces energy metabolism and promotes mitochondria fission in GBM sensitive lines. Thus, brain-penetrant mild inhibitors of MT assembly, such as ST-401, that induce death in interphase through a previously unanticipated antitumor mechanism represent a potentially transformative new class of therapeutics for the treatment of GBM."
6416,brain tumour,38730320,"GNUV201, a novel human/mouse cross-reactive and low pH-selective anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody for cancer immunotherapy.","Several PD-1 antibodies approved as anti-cancer therapies work by blocking the interaction of PD-1 with its ligand PD-L1, thus restoring anti-cancer T cell activities. These PD-1 antibodies lack inter-species cross-reactivity, necessitating surrogate antibodies for preclinical studies, which may limit the predictability and translatability of the studies."
6417,brain tumour,38730068,"Antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of curcumin and curcuminoids in SH-SY5Y cells infected by SARS-CoV-2.","COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, affects neuronal cells, causing several symptoms such as memory loss, anosmia and brain inflammation. Curcuminoids (Me08 e Me23) and curcumin (CUR) are derived from Curcuma Longa extract (EXT). Many therapeutic actions have been linked to these compounds, including antiviral action. Given the severe implications of COVID-19, especially within the central nervous system, our study aims to shed light on the therapeutic potential of curcuminoids against SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in neuronal cells. Here, we investigated the effects of CUR, EXT, Me08 and Me23 in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y. We observed that Me23 significantly decreased the expression of plasma membrane-associated transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and TMPRSS11D, consequently mitigating the elevated ROS levels induced by SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, Me23 exhibited antioxidative properties by increasing NRF2 gene expression and restoring NQO1 activity following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Both Me08 and Me23 effectively reduced SARS-CoV-2 replication in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing ACE2 (SH-ACE2). Additionally, all of these compounds demonstrated the ability to decrease proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17, while Me08 specifically reduced INF-γ levels. Our findings suggest that curcuminoid Me23 could serve as a potential agent for mitigating the impact of COVID-19, particularly within the context of central nervous system involvement."
6418,brain tumour,38729956,Quantification of attenuation and speckle features from endoscopic OCT images for the diagnosis of human brain glioma.,"Application of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in neurosurgery mostly includes the discrimination between intact and malignant tissues aimed at the detection of brain tumor margins. For particular tissue types, the existing approaches demonstrate low performance, which stimulates the further research for their improvement. The analysis of speckle patterns of brain OCT images is proposed to be taken into account for the discrimination between human brain glioma tissue and intact cortex and white matter. The speckle properties provide additional information of tissue structure, which could help to increase the efficiency of tissue differentiation. The wavelet analysis of OCT speckle patterns was applied to extract the power of local brightness fluctuations in speckle and its standard deviation. The speckle properties are analysed together with attenuation ones using a set of ex vivo brain tissue samples, including glioma of different grades. Various combinations of these features are considered to perform linear discriminant analysis for tissue differentiation. The results reveal that it is reasonable to include the local brightness fluctuations at first two wavelet decomposition levels in the analysis of OCT brain images aimed at neurosurgical diagnosis."
6419,brain tumour,38729880,Schwannoma of the fourth ventricle: A case report.,No abstract found
6420,brain tumour,38729821,Effectiveness and Safety of Pyrotinib-Based Therapy in the Treatment of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients with Brain Metastases: A Multicenter Real-World Study.,"Approximately 30% to 50% of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis (BMs). Pyrotinib has shown promising efficacy in these patients. However, real-world evidence supporting its use is scarce. Therefore, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of pyrotinib-based regimens in the real world."
6421,brain tumour,38729658,"Extraneural metastatic ependymoma: distant metastasis to the pleura, lungs, lymph nodes and bone.","Ependymomas are neuroepithelial tumours arising from ependymal cells surrounding the cerebral ventricles that rarely metastasise to extraneural structures. This spread has been reported to occur to the lungs, lymph nodes, liver and bone. We describe the case of a patient with recurrent CNS WHO grade 3 ependymoma with extraneural metastatic disease. He was treated with multiple surgical resections, radiation therapy and salvage chemotherapy for his extraneural metastasis to the lungs, bone, pleural space and lymph nodes."
6422,brain tumour,38729227,The efficacy of using a multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomics model to distinguish glioma recurrence from pseudoprogression.,The early differential diagnosis of the postoperative recurrence or pseudoprogression (psPD) of a glioma is of great guiding significance for individualized clinical treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of a multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics model to distinguish between the postoperative recurrence and psPD of a glioma early on and in a noninvasive manner.
6423,brain tumour,38729226,"Relationship between multi-pool model-based chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion MRI, and ","Magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) analysis is used for chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) in patients with gliomas; however, this approach has limitations. CEST imaging using a multi-pool model (MPM) may allow a more detailed assessment of gliomas; however, its mechanism remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the relationship between CEST imaging by MPM, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), and "
6424,brain tumour,38728994,GMIM: Self-supervised pre-training for 3D medical image segmentation with adaptive and hierarchical masked image modeling.,"Self-supervised pre-training and fully supervised fine-tuning paradigms have received much attention to solve the data annotation problem in deep learning fields. Compared with traditional pre-training on large natural image datasets, medical self-supervised learning methods learn rich representations derived from unlabeled data itself thus avoiding the distribution shift between different image domains. However, nowadays state-of-the-art medical pre-training methods were specifically designed for downstream tasks making them less flexible and difficult to apply to new tasks. In this paper, we propose grid mask image modeling, a flexible and general self-supervised method to pre-train medical vision transformers for 3D medical image segmentation. Our goal is to guide networks to learn the correlations between organs and tissues by reconstructing original images based on partial observations. The relationships are consistent within the human body and invariant to disease type or imaging modality. To achieve this, we design a Siamese framework consisting of an online branch and a target branch. An adaptive and hierarchical masking strategy is employed in the online branch to (1) learn the boundaries or small contextual mutation regions within images; (2) to learn high-level semantic representations from deeper layers of the multiscale encoder. In addition, the target branch provides representations for contrastive learning to further reduce representation redundancy. We evaluate our method through segmentation performance on two public datasets. The experimental results demonstrate our method outperforms other self-supervised methods. Codes are available at https://github.com/mobiletomb/Gmim."
6425,brain tumour,38728764,Stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastasis from cholangiocarcinoma.,"Accounting for approximately 15% of primary liver cancers and 3% of gastrointestinal malignancies, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) poses a serious health concern given its high mortality rate. Managing brain metastases (BMs) from CCA is challenging because of their rarity and poor prognosis, with little guidance on treatment from the literature. In this study, the authors aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in managing BMs from CCA."
6426,brain tumour,38728762,Changing practice to improve quality of life in glioma.,"As treatment for glioma advances, with an attendant improvement in length of patient survival, the quality of that survival has rightly become an increasingly important patient-centered metric, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) an important outcome measure. HRQOL is a self-assessed, multidimensional concept encompassing the physical, emotional, and social components of quality of life associated with illness and its treatment. Neurosurgeons caring for patients with gliomas should be aware of the latest research on HRQOL to understand mechanisms by which it can be improved. Neurosurgical outcomes related to surgical complications and neurological deficits can be important determinants of HRQOL and are well understood by neurosurgeons. However, an understanding of more general or global determinants of HRQOL not commonly addressed in the clinic, and implementation of the attendant evidence-based interventions to address them, would be transformative. The authors explore HRQOL determinants related to patient-, social-, tumor-, and treatment-related factors, with a particular emphasis on the strongest determinants, fatigue, sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, neurocognitive dysfunction, caregiver distress, and end-of-life concerns. Evidence-based interventions are reviewed, including fatigue management, cognitive rehabilitation, insomnia interventions exercise, caregiver training, palliative care, and an overall multidisciplinary team approach. Lastly, features of a program are outlined that would embed HRQOL in neurosurgical care to the benefit of both patients and staff."
6427,brain tumour,38728761,"Preoperative stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral metastases: safe, effective, and decreases steroid dependency.","Preoperative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is emerging as a viable alternative to standard postoperative SRS. Studies have suggested that preoperative SRS provides comparable tumor control and overall survival (OS) and may reduce the incidence of leptomeningeal disease (LMD) and adverse radiation effects (AREs). It is unknown, however, if preoperative SRS remains effective in cohorts including large brain metastases (> 14 cm3) or if preoperative SRS affects steroid taper/immunotherapy. Here, the authors report the results of a phase 2 single-arm trial assessing a prospectively acquired series of 26 patients who underwent preoperative SRS, without a volumetric cutoff, compared with a propensity score-matched concurrent cohort of 30 patients who underwent postoperative SRS to address these salient questions."
6428,brain tumour,38728502,THOC6 is a novel biomarker of glioma and a target of anti-glioma drugs: An analysis based on bioinformatics and molecular docking.,"Glioma is a typical malignant tumor of the nervous system. It is of great significance to identify new biomarkers for accurate diagnosis of glioma. In this context, THOC6 has been studied as a highly diagnostic prognostic biomarker, which contributes to improve the dilemma in diagnosing gliomas. We used online databases and a variety of statistical methods, such as Wilcoxon rank sum test, Dunn test and t test. We analyzed the mutation, location and expression profile of THOC6, revealing the network of THOC6 interaction with disease. Wilcoxon rank sum test showed that THOC6 is highly expressed in gliomas (P < 0.001). Dunn test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and t test showed that THOC6 expression was correlated with multiple clinical features. Logistic regression analysis further confirmed that THOC6 gene expression was a categorical dependent variable related to clinical features of poor prognosis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the overall survival (OS) of glioma patients with high expression of THOC6 was poor (P < 0.001). Both univariate (P < 0.001) and multivariate (P = 0.04) Cox analysis confirmed that THOC6 gene expression was an independent risk factor for OS in patients with glioma. ROC curve analysis showed that THOC6 had a high diagnostic value in glioma (AUC = 0.915). Based on this, we constructed a nomogram to predict patient survival. Enrichment analysis showed that THOC6 expression was associated with multiple signal pathways. Immuno-infiltration analysis showed that the expression of THOC6 in glioma was closely related to the infiltration level of multiple immune cells. Molecular docking results showed that THOC6 might be the target of anti-glioma drugs. THOC6 is a novel diagnostic factor and prognostic biomarker of glioma."
6429,brain tumour,38728485,CDCA3 is a potential biomarker for glioma malignancy and targeted therapy.,"CDCA3, a cell cycle regulator gene that plays a catalytic role in many tumors, was initially identified as a regulator of cell cycle progression, specifically facilitating the transition from the G2 phase to mitosis. However, its role in glioma remains unknown. In this study, bioinformatics analyses (TCGA, CGGA, Rembrandt) shed light on the upregulation and prognostic value of CDCA3 in gliomas. It can also be included in a column chart as a parameter predicting 3- and 5-year survival risk (C index = 0.86). According to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and gene ontology analysis, the biological processes of CDCA3 are mainly concentrated in the biological activities related to cell cycle such as DNA replication and nuclear division. CDCA3 is closely associated with many classic glioma biomarkers (CDK4, CDK6), and inhibitors of CDK4 and CDK6 have been shown to be effective in tumor therapy. We have demonstrated that high expression of CDCA3 indicates a higher malignancy and poorer prognosis in gliomas."
6430,brain tumour,38728484,Multiple sarcomatoid carcinomas in the small intestine with perforation: A case report and literature review.,"Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the small intestine is an exceedingly rare and aggressive malignancy, often diagnosed at advanced stages with a poor prognosis. This study documents a detailed case of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the small intestine, highlighting the diagnostic challenges and treatment approaches, underscored by a comprehensive review of related literature. Given the rarity of this condition, our report aims to enrich the existing diagnostic and treatment frameworks for this malignancy, emphasizing the necessity for early detection and intervention strategies. By presenting this case in conjunction with a literature review, we seek to shed light on the elusive nature of sarcomatoid carcinoma in the small intestine and propose avenues for improving patient outcomes."
6431,brain tumour,38728467,IL-6 significantly correlated with the prognosis in low-grade glioma and the mediating effect of immune microenvironment.,"To screen immune-related prognostic biomarkers in low-grade glioma (LGG), and reveal the potential regulatory mechanism. The differential expressed genes (DEGs) between alive and dead patients were initially identified, then the key common genes between DEGs and immune-related genes were obtained. Regarding the key DEGs associated with the overall survival (OS), their clinical value was assessed by Kaplan-Meier, RCS, logistic regression, ROC, and decision curve analysis methods. We also assessed the role of immune infiltration on the association between key DEGs and OS. All the analyses were based on the TGCA-LGG data. Finally, we conducted the molecular docking analysis to explore the targeting binding of key DEGs with the therapeutic agents in LGG. Among 146 DEGs, only interleukin-6 (IL-6) was finally screened as an immune-related biomarker. High expression of IL-6 significantly correlated with poor OS time (all P < .05), showing a linear relationship. The combination of IL-6 with IDH1 mutation had the most favorable prediction performance on survival status and they achieved a good clinical net benefit. Next, we found a significant relationship between IL-6 and immune microenvironment score, and the immune microenvironment played a mediating effect on the association of IL-6 with survival (all P < .05). Detailly, IL-6 was positively related to M1 macrophage infiltration abundance and its biomarkers (all P < .05). Finally, we obtained 4 therapeutic agents in LGG targeting IL-6, and their targeting binding relationships were all verified. IL6, as an immune-related biomarker, was associated with the prognosis in LGG, and it can be a therapeutic target in LGG."
6432,brain tumour,38728204,Ciita Regulates Local and Systemic Immune Responses in a Combined rAAV-α-synuclein and Preformed Fibril-Induced Rat Model for Parkinson's Disease.,"Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) pathology, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variants associated with PD and α-Syn specific CD4+ T lymphocytes in PD patients highlight the importance of antigen presentation in PD etiology. The class II transactivator (CIITA) regulates major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expression. Reduced Ciita levels significantly increase α-Syn pathology, nigrostriatal neurodegeneration and behavioral deficits in α-Syn-induced rat PD models."
6433,brain tumour,38728198,An improved attention module based on nnU-Net for segmenting primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) in MRI images1.,"Accurate volumetric segmentation of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is essential for assessing and monitoring the tumor before radiotherapy and the treatment planning. The tedious manual segmentation leads to interindividual and intraindividual differences, while existing automatic segmentation methods cause under-segmentation of PCNSL due to the complex and multifaceted nature of the tumor."
6434,brain tumour,38727935,"The relationship between imaging features, therapeutic response, and overall survival in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.","We aimed to evaluate the relationship between imaging features, therapeutic responses (comparative cross-product and volumetric measurements), and overall survival (OS) in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). A total of 134 patients (≤ 18 years) diagnosed with DIPG were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate correlations of clinical and imaging features and therapeutic responses with OS. The correlation between cross-product (CP) and volume thresholds in partial response (PR) was evaluated by linear regression. The log-rank test was used to compare OS patients with discordant therapeutic response classifications and those with concordant classifications. In univariate analysis, characteristics related to worse OS included lower Karnofsky, larger extrapontine extension, ring-enhancement, necrosis, non-PR, and increased ring enhancement post-radiotherapy. In the multivariate analysis, Karnofsky, necrosis, extrapontine extension, and therapeutic response can predict OS. A 25% CP reduction (PR) correlated with a 32% volume reduction (R"
6435,brain tumour,38727934,Berberine attenuates brain aging via stabilizing redox homeostasis and inflammation in an accelerated senescence model of Wistar rats.,"Aging is a multifaceted and progressive physiological change of the organism categorized by the accumulation of deteriorating processes, which ultimately compromise the biological functions. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-aging potential of berberine (BBR) in D-galactose (D-Gal) induced aging in rat models. In this study, male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: The control group was given only vehicle, the BBR group was treated with berberine orally, the D-Gal group was treated with D-galactose subcutaneously and the BBR + D-Gal group was treated with D-galactose and berberine simultaneously. D-galactose exposure elevated the pro-oxidants such as malondialdehyde (MDA) level, protein carbonyl and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in the brain. It decreased the anti-oxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH) and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) in the brain. D-galactose treatment also reduced the mitochondrial complexes (I, II, III and IV) activities and elevated the inflammatory markers such as interleukine-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The mRNA expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α in the brain were upregulated following D-galactose exposure. Berberine co-treatment in D-galactose induced aging rat model prevented the alteration of pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant in the brain. Berberine treatment restored the mitochondrial complex activities in the brain and also normalized the inflammatory markers. Based on these findings we conclude that berberine treatment has the potential to mitigate brain aging in rats via stabilizing the redox equilibrium and neuroinflammation."
6436,brain tumour,38727852,Genomic medicine advances for brain tumors.,"Cancer genome profiling has revealed important genetic alterations that serve as prognostic indicators and guides for treatment decisions, enabling precision medicine. The shift to molecular diagnosis of brain tumors, as reflected in the 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, is a crucial role for treatment decision-making. This review discusses the significance and role of cancer genome profiling in precision medicine for malignant brain tumors, particularly gliomas. Furthermore, we explore the progress in cancer genome analysis, focusing on cancer gene panel testing, integration of genomic information in brain tumor classification, and hereditary tumors. Additionally, we discuss the transformative effect of genomic medicine on early detection, risk assessment, and precision medicine strategies. The tumor mutational burden in brain tumors is considered low, but the application of molecular targeted drugs, such as isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors, v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 inhibitors, fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors, neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase, mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors, and anti-programmed death receptor-1 antibody drugs are promising for glioma treatment. We also discuss the future prospects of molecular targeted drugs."
6437,brain tumour,38727834,MASCC 2023 Patient-Centered Antiemetic Guidelines and Education Statements: an evidence-based and consensus resource for patients.,"The Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC)/European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) Patient Antiemetic Guideline Committee aimed to (1) adapt the updated evidence-based, clinical guidelines to patient-centered antiemetic guidelines and (2) develop patient education materials and statements."
6438,brain tumour,38727288,"Targeting Integrin α3 Blocks β1 Maturation, Triggers Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Sensitizes Glioblastoma Cells to TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis.","Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating brain cancer for which new effective therapies are urgently needed. GBM, after an initial response to current treatment regimens, develops therapeutic resistance, leading to rapid patient demise. Cancer cells exhibit an inherent elevation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to uncontrolled growth and an unfavorable microenvironment, including hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. Cancer cells utilize the unfolded protein response (UPR) to maintain ER homeostasis, and failure of this response promotes cell death. In this study, as integrins are upregulated in cancer, we have evaluated the therapeutic potential of individually targeting all αβ1 integrin subunits using RNA interference. We found that GBM cells are uniquely susceptible to silencing of integrin α3. Knockdown of α3-induced proapoptotic markers such as PARP cleavage and caspase 3 and 8 activation. Remarkably, we discovered a non-canonical function for α3 in mediating the maturation of integrin β1. In its absence, generation of full length β1 was reduced, immature β1 accumulated, and the cells underwent elevated ER stress with upregulation of death receptor 5 (DR5) expression. Targeting α3 sensitized TRAIL-resistant GBM cancer cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis and led to growth inhibition. Our findings offer key new insights into integrin α3's role in GBM survival via the regulation of ER homeostasis and its value as a therapeutic target."
6439,brain tumour,38727274,4-Oxo-2-Nonenal- and Agitation-Induced Aggregates of α-Synuclein and Phosphorylated α-Synuclein with Distinct Biophysical Properties and Biomedical Applications.,"α-Synuclein (α-syn) can form oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils, which are associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. Both the lipid peroxidation product 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE) and agitation can induce aggregation of α-syn and phosphorylated α-syn. Thus, clarification of the characteristics of different α-syn species could help to select suitable aggregates for diagnosis and elucidate the pathogenesis of diseases. Here, we characterized ONE-induced wild-type (WT) α-syn aggregates (OW), ONE-induced phosphorylated α-syn (p-α-syn) aggregates (OP), agitation-induced α-syn preformed fibrils (PFF), and agitation-induced p-α-syn preformed fibrils (pPFF). Thioflavin T (ThT) dying demonstrated that OW and OP had fewer fibrils than the PFF and pPFF. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the lengths of PFF and pPFF were similar, but the diameters differed. OW and OP had more compact structures than PFF and pPFF. Aggregation of p-α-syn was significantly faster than WT α-syn. Furthermore, OW and OP were more sodium dodecyl sulfate-stable and proteinase K-resistant, suggesting greater stability and compactness, while aggregates of PFF and pPFF were more sensitive to proteinase K treatment. Both ONE- and agitation-induced aggregates were cytotoxic when added exogenously to SH-SY5Y cells with increasing incubation times, but the agitation-induced aggregates caused cell toxicity in a shorter time and more p-α-syn inclusions. Similarly, p-proteins were more cytotoxic than non-p-proteins. Finally, all four aggregates were used as standard antigens to establish sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the recognition efficiency of OW and OP was more sensitive than that of PFF and pPFF. The OW- and OP-specific ELISA for detection of p-α-syn and α-syn in plasma samples of Thy1-α-syn transgenic mice showed that the content of aggregates could reflect the extent of disease. ONE and agitation induced the formation of α-syn aggregates with distinct biophysical properties and biomedical applications."
6440,brain tumour,38727269,Valproic Acid Treatment after Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice Alleviates Neuronal Death and Inflammation in Association with Increased Plasma Lysophosphatidylcholines.,"The histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) valproic acid (VPA) has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI), which have been partially attributed to the epigenetic disinhibition of the transcription repressor RE1-Silencing Transcription Factor/Neuron-Restrictive Silencer Factor (REST/NRSF). Additionally, VPA changes post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) brain metabolism to create a neuroprotective environment. To address the interconnection of neuroprotection, metabolism, inflammation and REST/NRSF after TBI, we subjected C57BL/6N mice to experimental TBI and intraperitoneal VPA administration or vehicle solution at 15 min, 1, 2, and 3 days post-injury (dpi). At 7 dpi, TBI-induced an up-regulation of REST/NRSF gene expression and HDACi function of VPA on histone H3 acetylation were confirmed. Neurological deficits, brain lesion size, blood-brain barrier permeability, or astrogliosis were not affected, and REST/NRSF target genes were only marginally influenced by VPA. However, VPA attenuated structural damage in the hippocampus, microgliosis and expression of the pro-inflammatory marker genes. Analyses of plasma lipidomic and polar metabolomic patterns revealed that VPA treatment increased lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), which were inversely associated with interleukin 1 beta ("
6441,brain tumour,38727262,A Roadmap of CAR-T-Cell Therapy in Glioblastoma: Challenges and Future Perspectives.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor, with a median overall survival of less than 2 years and a nearly 100% mortality rate under standard therapy that consists of surgery followed by combined radiochemotherapy. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. The success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in hematological cancers has prompted preclinical and clinical investigations into CAR-T-cell treatment for GBM. However, recent trials have not demonstrated any major success. Here, we delineate existing challenges impeding the effectiveness of CAR-T-cell therapy for GBM, encompassing the cold (immunosuppressive) microenvironment, tumor heterogeneity, T-cell exhaustion, local and systemic immunosuppression, and the immune privilege inherent to the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma. Additionally, we deliberate on the progress made in developing next-generation CAR-T cells and novel innovative approaches, such as low-intensity pulsed focused ultrasound, aimed at surmounting current roadblocks in GBM CAR-T-cell therapy."
6442,brain tumour,38726568,Polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY): A case report with surgical and neuropathological differential diagnosis.,"Polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY) is a rare entity of low-grade neuroepithelial tumors that primarily affects children and young adults. This distinct type of tumor presents unique challenges in diagnosis and management. With its relatively recent identification, researchers and clinicians are striving to understand the characteristics, behavior, and optimal treatment strategies. The symptoms are primarily related to seizures. However, PLNTY can be asymptomatic in some cases."
6443,brain tumour,38726367,Zanubrutinib delays selinexor resistance evolution in biopsy sample-derived primary central nervous system lymphoma models.,"Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare and aggressive lymphoma of the brain with poor prognosis. The scarcity of cell lines established using PCNSL makes it difficult to conduct preclinical studies on new drugs. We aimed to explore the effect of selinexor combined with zanubrutinib in PCNSL using established PCNSL cells and an orthotopic PCNSL model. Primary PCNSL cells were successfully cultured. Selinexor inhibited proliferation, induced G1 phase arrest, and promoted apoptosis, however, induced drug resistance in PCNSL. Selinexor combined with zanubrutinib had a synergistic effect on PCNSL and prevented the onset of selinexor resistance in PCNSL by inhibiting AKT signaling. Moreover, selinexor combined with zanubrutinib notably slowed tumor growth and prolonged survival compared to that of the control. Overall, the addition of zanubrutinib to selinexor monotreatment had a synergistic effect "
6444,brain tumour,38726278,Specific-CT brain template construction and retrospective dosimetric comparison study in brain for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with IMRT or VMAT.,"The current Radiotherapy (RT) technology still inevitably irradiated normal brain tissue, causing implicit radiation-induced injury. This study investigates the precise localization and the corresponding radiation dosage of brain regions susceptible to damage in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients following RT. Utilizing the Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTs) package, a computed tomography (CT) brain template was created in the standard Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space, based on 803 Chinese NPC patients (T0~T4) who underwent RT. With this template, all patients' CT and RTdose data were registered to the MNI space, and the RTdose distribution characteristics in normal brain tissues were compared for NPC patients treated with Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), with patients' age and gender as covariates. Analysis of the average dosages indicated that certain areas within the Limbic, Temporal, and Posterior Lobes, the Brainstem, and the Cerebellum Posterior Lobe were exposed to doses exceeding 50 Gy. Inter-group analysis revealed that IMRT delivered higher doses than VMAT to brain regions anterior to the nasopharyngeal tumor, whereas VMAT affected the posterior regions more. Interestingly, VMAT showed a drawback in preserving the normal brain tissues for T4-stage patients. This revealed that the two treatment modalities have unique characteristics in preserving normal brain tissue, each with advantages. With better localization precision, the created CT brain template in MNI space may be beneficial for NPC patients' toxicity and dosimetric analyses."
6445,brain tumour,38726240,"Incidence, risk factors, and clinical implications of postoperative blood in or near the resection cavity after glioma surgery.","Postoperative hematomas that require reoperation are a serious, but uncommon complication to glioma surgery. However, smaller blood volumes are frequently observed, but their clinical significance is less known."
6446,brain tumour,38726015,Unveiling the hidden role of extracellular vesicles in brain metastases: a comprehensive review.,"Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, transparent vesicles that can be found in various biological fluids and are derived from the amplification of cell membranes. Recent studies have increasingly demonstrated that EVs play a crucial regulatory role in tumorigenesis and development, including the progression of metastatic tumors in distant organs. Brain metastases (BMs) are highly prevalent in patients with lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma, and patients often experience serious complications and are often associated with a poor prognosis. The immune microenvironment of brain metastases was different from that of the primary tumor. Nevertheless, the existing review on the role and therapeutic potential of EVs in immune microenvironment of BMs is relatively limited."
6447,brain tumour,38726010,Vaccimel immunization is associated with enhanced response to treatment with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies in cutaneous melanoma patients - a case reports study.,"Cancer vaccines are gaining ground as immunotherapy options. We have previously demonstrated in cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients that adjuvant treatment with VACCIMEL, a mixture of four irradiated CM cell lines co-adjuvanted with BCG and GM-CSF, increases the cellular immune response to melanocyte differentiation antigens, cancer-testis antigens and neoantigens, with respect to basal levels. On the other hand, it is also known that treatment with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), acting on pre-existing tumor-reactive lymphocytes, induces clinical responses in CM patients, albeit in a fraction of treated patients. A combination of both treatments would appear therefore desirable. In this paper, we describe CM patients who, having progressed even years after vaccination, were treated with anti-PD-1 MAbs. In 5/5 of such progressor patients, complete responses were obtained which lasted between 3 and 65+ months. Three of the patients remain disease-free and two recurred. One of the patients passed away after a recurrence of brain metastases. We suggest that clonally expanded reactive lymphocytes induced by VACCIMEL partially remain as memory cells, which may be recalled after tumor recurrence and may foster ulterior activity of anti-PD-1 MAbs."
6448,brain tumour,38726003,Extracellular vesicles secreted by 3D tumor organoids are enriched for immune regulatory signaling biomolecules compared to conventional 2D glioblastoma cell systems.,Newer 3D culturing approaches are a promising way to better mimic the 
6449,brain tumour,38725976,Brain metastases: Comparing clinical radiological differences in patients with lung and breast cancers treated with surgery.,"Brain metastases (BMs) most frequently originate from the primary tumors of the lung and breast. Survival in patients with BM can improve if they are detected early. No studies attempt to consider all potential surgical predictive factors together by including clinical, radiological variables for their recognition."
6450,brain tumour,38725860,TSPAN6 reinforces the malignant progression of glioblastoma via interacting with CDK5RAP3 and regulating STAT3 signaling pathway.,"Glioblastoma is the prevailing and highly malignant form of primary brain neoplasm with poor prognosis. Exosomes derived from glioblastoma cells act a vital role in malignant progression via regulating tumor microenvironment (TME), exosomal tetraspanin protein family members (TSPANs) are important actors of cell communication in TME. Among all the TSPANs, TSPAN6 exhibited predominantly higher expression levels in comparison to normal tissues. Meanwhile, glioblastoma patients with high level of TSPAN6 had shorter overall survival compared with low level of TSPAN6. Furthermore, TSPAN6 promoted the malignant progression of glioblastoma via promoting the proliferation and metastatic potential of glioblastoma cells. More interestingly, TSPAN6 overexpression in glioblastoma cells promoted the migration of vascular endothelial cell, and exosome secretion inhibitor reversed the migrative ability of vascular endothelial cells enhanced by TSPAN6 overexpressing glioblastoma cells, indicating that TSPAN6 might reinforce angiogenesis via exosomes in TME. Mechanistically, TSPAN6 enhanced the malignant progression of glioblastoma by interacting with CDK5RAP3 and regulating STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition, TSPAN6 overexpression in glioblastoma cells enhanced angiogenesis via regulating TME and STAT3 signaling pathway. Collectively, TSPAN6 has the potential to serve as both a therapeutic target and a prognostic biomarker for the treatment of glioblastoma."
6451,brain tumour,38725781,Challenges in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Oral Amelanotic Malignant Melanoma: A Case Report.,"Oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is extremely rare and usually has a poor prognosis. Early diagnosis is very important and can improve survival but it is usually difficult due to a lack of symptomatology. We present the first case of a 39-year-old East European woman with oral amelanotic melanoma, who underwent surgery and adjuvant immunotherapy; however, after six months, she developed local recurrence. The patient continued immunotherapy with external radiotherapy targeting the oral tumor recurrence. During therapy, imagistic reevaluation brought evidence of bones, lungs, liver, endotracheal, and brain metastases. Histological differential diagnosis between amelanotic OMM and leiomyosarcoma was necessary to establish the right course of treatment. A series of complications further delayed chemotherapy administration, making the treatment in this case very challenging. The patient had a significant, although late response to immunotherapy, and maintained a good performance status during disease progression with a survival of 15 months until present."
6452,brain tumour,38725671,Cytokine Storm Related to CD4,Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare but deadly complication with an unclear pathogenesis. We aimed to elucidate the immune characteristics of H1N1 influenza virus-associated ANE (IANE) and provide a potential therapeutic approach for IANE. Seven pediatric cases from a concentrated outbreak of H1N1 influenza were included in this study. The patients' CD4
6453,brain tumour,38725571,Transient deoxyhemoglobin formation as a contrast for perfusion MRI studies in patients with brain tumors: a feasibility study.,
6454,brain tumour,38725447,Editorial: Immunosuppression mechanisms and immunotherapy strategies in glioblastoma.,No abstract found
6455,brain tumour,38725149,Accelerated 3D multi-echo spin-echo sequence with a subspace constrained reconstruction for whole mouse brain ,To accelerate whole-brain quantitative 
6456,brain tumour,38725083,Cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein adds the risk of cognitive decline and is associated with tau pathology among non-demented older adults.,"The role of α-synuclein in dementia has been recognized, yet its exact influence on cognitive decline in non-demented older adults is still not fully understood."
6457,brain tumour,38725030,LINC00606 promotes glioblastoma progression through sponge miR-486-3p and interaction with ATP11B.,"LncRNAs regulate tumorigenesis and development in a variety of cancers. We substantiate for the first time that LINC00606 is considerably expressed in glioblastoma (GBM) patient specimens and is linked with adverse prognosis. This suggests that LINC00606 may have the potential to regulate glioma genesis and progression, and that the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of LINC00606 in GBM remain largely unknown."
6458,brain tumour,38725007,Targeting cathepsin S promotes activation of OLF1-BDNF/TrkB axis to enhance cognitive function.,"Cathepsin S (CTSS) is a cysteine protease that played diverse roles in immunity, tumor metastasis, aging and other pathological alterations. At the cellular level, increased CTSS levels have been associated with the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and disrupted the homeostasis of Ca"
6459,brain tumour,38724832,Glutamine Metabolism Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma Unveils an Innovative Combination Therapy Strategy.,"Treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains challenging. Unraveling the orchestration of glutamine metabolism may provide a novel viewpoint on GBM therapy. The study presented a full and comprehensive comprehending of the glutamine metabolism atlas and heterogeneity in GBM for facilitating the development of a more effective therapeutic choice. Transcriptome data from large GBM cohorts were integrated in this study. A glutamine metabolism-based classification was established through consensus clustering approach, and a classifier by LASSO analysis was defined for differentiating the classification. Prognosis, signaling pathway activity, tumor microenvironment, and responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and small molecular drugs were characterized in each cluster. A combinational therapy of glutaminase inhibitor CB839 with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) was proposed, and the influence on glutamine metabolism, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and migration was measured in U251 and U373 cells. We discovered that GBM presented heterogeneous glutamine metabolism-based clusters, with unique survival outcomes, activity of signaling pathways, tumor microenvironment, and responses to ICB and small molecular compounds. In addition, the classifier could accurately differentiate the two clusters. Strikingly, the combinational therapy of CB839 with DHA synergistically attenuated glutamine metabolism, triggered apoptosis and ROS accumulation, and impaired migrative capacity in GBM cells, demonstrating the excellent preclinical efficacy. Altogether, our findings unveil the glutamine metabolism heterogeneity in GBM and propose an innovative combination therapy of CB839 with DHA for this malignant disease."
6460,brain tumour,38724814,The Effect of Therapy Regimen on Antitumor Efficacy of the Nanosomal Doxorubicin against Rat Glioblastoma 101.8.,"One of the key problems of glioblastoma treatment is the low effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs. Incorporation of doxorubicin into PLGA nanoparticles allows increasing the antitumor effect of the cytostatics against experimental rat glioblastoma 101.8. Animal survival, tumor volume, and oncogene expression in tumor cells were compared after early (days 2, 5, and 8 after tumor implantation) and late (days 8, 11, and 14) start of the therapy. At late start, a significant increase in the expression of oncogenes Gdnf, Pdgfra, and Melk and genes determining the development of multidrug resistance Abcb1b and Mgmt was revealed. At early start of therapy, only the expression of oncogenes Gdnf, Pdgfra, and Melk was enhanced. Early start of treatment prolonged the survival time and increased tumor growth inhibition by 141.4 and 95.7%, respectively, in comparison with the untreated group; these differences were not observed in the group with late start of therapy. The results indicate that the time of initiation of therapy is a critical parameter affecting the antitumor efficacy of DOX-PLGA."
6461,brain tumour,38724760,Robust Automated Tumour Segmentation Network Using 3D Direction-Wise Convolution and Transformer.,"Semantic segmentation of tumours plays a crucial role in fundamental medical image analysis and has a significant impact on cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. UNet and its variants have achieved state-of-the-art results on various 2D and 3D medical image segmentation tasks involving different imaging modalities. Recently, researchers have tried to merge the multi-head self-attention mechanism, as introduced by the Transformer, into U-shaped network structures to enhance the segmentation performance. However, both suffer from limitations that make networks under-perform on voxel-level classification tasks, the Transformer is unable to encode positional information and translation equivariance, while the Convolutional Neural Network lacks global features and dynamic attention. In this work, a new architecture named TCTNet Tumour Segmentation with 3D Direction-Wise Convolution and Transformer) is introduced, which comprises an encoder utilising a hybrid Transformer-Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) structure and a decoder that incorporates 3D Direction-Wise Convolution. Experimental results show that the proposed hybrid Transformer-CNN network structure obtains better performance than other 3D segmentation networks on the Brain Tumour Segmentation 2021 (BraTS21) dataset. Two more tumour datasets from Medical Segmentation Decathlon are also utilised to test the generalisation ability of the proposed network architecture. In addition, an ablation study was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the designed decoder for the tumour segmentation tasks. The proposed method maintains a competitive segmentation performance while reducing computational effort by 10% in terms of floating-point operations."
6462,brain tumour,38724753,Verbal learning in frontal patients: area 9 is critical for employing semantic strategies.,"Learning is a long-term memory process heavily influenced by the control processes implemented by working memory, including recognition of semantic properties of items by which subjects generate a semantic structure of engrams."
6463,brain tumour,38724684,"Glioblastoma: a comprehensive approach combining bibliometric analysis, Latent Dirichlet Allocation, and HJ-Biplot : Glioblastoma insights and trends: a 49-year bibliometric analysis.","Glioblastoma is a common and aggressive malignant central nervous system tumor in adults. This study aims to evaluate and analyze the scientific results, collaboration countries, main research topics, and topics over time reported about glioblastoma. A bibliometric analysis of glioblastoma publications was performed mainly using R and Multbiplot software for author, journal, and resume. Associated statistic methods Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and HJ-Biplot. Inclusion criteria were research articles from the PubMed database published in English between 1973 and December 2022. A total of 64,823 documents with an annual growth rate of 8.27% indicates a consistent increase in research output over time. The results for the number of citations and significant publications showed Cancer Res, J Neuro-Oncol, and Neuro-Oncology are the most influential journals in the field of glioblastoma. The countries that concentrated research were the tumor United States, China, Germany, and Italy. Finally, there has been a marked growth in studies on prognosis and patient survival, therapies, and treatments for glioblastoma. These findings reinforce the need for increased global resources to address glioblastoma, particularly in underdeveloped countries. Glioblastoma research's exponential growth reflects sustained interest in early diagnosis and patient survival."
6464,brain tumour,38724609,Identification of candidate biomarkers for GBM based on WGCNA.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive form of primary brain tumor, poses a considerable challenge in neuro-oncology. Despite advancements in therapeutic approaches, the prognosis for GBM patients remains bleak, primarily attributed to its inherent resistance to conventional treatments and a high recurrence rate. The primary goal of this study was to acquire molecular insights into GBM by constructing a gene co-expression network, aiming to identify and predict key genes and signaling pathways associated with this challenging condition. To investigate differentially expressed genes between various grades of Glioblastoma (GBM), we employed Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) methodology. Through this approach, we were able to identify modules with specific expression patterns in GBM. Next, genes from these modules were performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis using ClusterProfiler package. Our findings revealed a negative correlation between biological processes associated with neuronal development and functioning and GBM. Conversely, the processes related to the cell cycle, glomerular development, and ECM-receptor interaction exhibited a positive correlation with GBM. Subsequently, hub genes, including SYP, TYROBP, and ANXA5, were identified. This study offers a comprehensive overview of the existing research landscape on GBM, underscoring the challenges encountered by clinicians and researchers in devising effective therapeutic strategies."
6465,brain tumour,38724526,Glioma.,"Gliomas are primary brain tumours that are thought to develop from neural stem or progenitor cells that carry tumour-initiating genetic alterations. Based on microscopic appearance and molecular characteristics, they are classified according to the WHO classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumours and graded into CNS WHO grades 1-4 from a low to high grade of malignancy. Diffusely infiltrating gliomas in adults comprise three tumour types with distinct natural course of disease, response to treatment and outcome: isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendrogliomas with the best prognosis; IDH-mutant astrocytomas with intermediate outcome; and IDH-wild-type glioblastomas with poor prognosis. Pilocytic astrocytoma is the most common glioma in children and is characterized by circumscribed growth, frequent BRAF alterations and favourable prognosis. Diffuse gliomas in children are divided into clinically indolent low-grade tumours and high-grade tumours with aggressive behaviour, with histone 3 K27-altered diffuse midline glioma being the leading cause of glioma-related death in children. Ependymal tumours are subdivided into biologically and prognostically distinct types on the basis of histology, molecular biomarkers and location. Although surgery, radiotherapy and alkylating agent chemotherapy are the mainstay of glioma treatment, individually tailored strategies based on tumour-intrinsic dominant signalling pathways have improved outcome in subsets of patients."
6466,brain tumour,38724522,Pervasive structural heterogeneity rewires glioblastoma chromosomes to sustain patient-specific transcriptional programs.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) encompasses brain malignancies marked by phenotypic and transcriptional heterogeneity thought to render these tumors aggressive, resistant to therapy, and inevitably recurrent. However, little is known about how the spatial organization of GBM genomes underlies this heterogeneity and its effects. Here, we compile a cohort of 28 patient-derived glioblastoma stem cell-like lines (GSCs) known to reflect the properties of their tumor-of-origin; six of these were primary-relapse tumor pairs from the same patient. We generate and analyze 5 kbp-resolution chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) data from all GSCs to systematically map thousands of standalone and complex structural variants (SVs) and the multitude of neoloops arising as a result. By combining Hi-C, histone modification, and gene expression data with chromatin folding simulations, we explain how the pervasive, uneven, and idiosyncratic occurrence of neoloops sustains tumor-specific transcriptional programs via the formation of new enhancer-promoter contacts. We also show how even moderately recurrent neoloops can relate to patient-specific vulnerabilities. Together, our data provide a resource for dissecting GBM biology and heterogeneity, as well as for informing therapeutic approaches."
6467,brain tumour,38724493,Network-based elucidation of colon cancer drug resistance mechanisms by phosphoproteomic time-series analysis.,"Aberrant signaling pathway activity is a hallmark of tumorigenesis and progression, which has guided targeted inhibitor design for over 30 years. Yet, adaptive resistance mechanisms, induced by rapid, context-specific signaling network rewiring, continue to challenge therapeutic efficacy. Leveraging progress in proteomic technologies and network-based methodologies, we introduce Virtual Enrichment-based Signaling Protein-activity Analysis (VESPA)-an algorithm designed to elucidate mechanisms of cell response and adaptation to drug perturbations-and use it to analyze 7-point phosphoproteomic time series from colorectal cancer cells treated with clinically-relevant inhibitors and control media. Interrogating tumor-specific enzyme/substrate interactions accurately infers kinase and phosphatase activity, based on their substrate phosphorylation state, effectively accounting for signal crosstalk and sparse phosphoproteome coverage. The analysis elucidates time-dependent signaling pathway response to each drug perturbation and, more importantly, cell adaptive response and rewiring, experimentally confirmed by CRISPR knock-out assays, suggesting broad applicability to cancer and other diseases."
6468,brain tumour,38724464,Targeting NKG2D ligands in glioblastoma with a bispecific T-cell engager is augmented with conventional therapy and enhances oncolytic virotherapy of glioma stem-like cells.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) almost invariably becomes resistant towards conventional treatment of radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, partly due to subpopulations of intrinsically resistant glioma stem-like cells (GSC). The oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 G207 is a promising approach for GBM virotherapy although its efficacy in patients with GBM is often limited. Natural killer group 2 member D ligands (NKG2DLs) are minimally expressed by healthy cells but are upregulated by the DNA damage response (DDR) and in malignant cells with chronic DDR signaling, resulting in innate immune activation."
6469,brain tumour,38724204,Training and Comparison of nnU-Net and DeepMedic Methods for Autosegmentation of Pediatric Brain Tumors.,"Tumor segmentation is essential in surgical and treatment planning and response assessment and monitoring in pediatric brain tumors, the leading cause of cancer-related death among children. However, manual segmentation is time-consuming and has high interoperator variability, underscoring the need for more efficient methods. After training, we compared 2 deep-learning-based 3D segmentation models, DeepMedic and nnU-Net, with pediatric-specific multi-institutional brain tumor data based on multiparametric MR images."
6470,brain tumour,38724203,T2-FLAIR Mismatch: An Imaging Biomarker for Children's ,T2-FLAIR mismatch is a highly specific imaging biomarker of 
6471,brain tumour,38724198,Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Smooth-Muscle Tumor of the Brain.,"Epstein-Barr virus, a herpesvirus, has been associated with a variety of cancers, including Burkitt, Hodgkin, and non-Hodgkin lymphomas; posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders; gastric carcinoma; and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Previous studies have established a connection between Epstein-Barr virus and the development of smooth-muscle tumors. Smooth-muscle tumors of the brain are very rare and are often misdiagnosed as meningiomas on imaging. To our knowledge, advanced imaging findings such as MR perfusion of smooth-muscle tumors of the brain have never been reported. We describe the radiologic and pathologic features of the Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth-muscle tumors of the brain in a person with newly diagnosed advanced HIV."
6472,brain tumour,38723868,A novel approach of brain-computer interfacing (BCI) and Grad-CAM based explainable artificial intelligence: Use case scenario for smart healthcare.,"In order to push the frontiers of brain-computer interface (BCI) and neuron-electronics, this research presents a novel framework that combines cutting-edge technologies for improved brain-related diagnostics in smart healthcare. This research offers a ground-breaking application of transparent strategies to BCI, promoting openness and confidence in brain-computer interactions and taking inspiration from Grad-CAM (Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping) based Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methodology. The landscape of healthcare diagnostics is about to be redefined by the integration of various technologies, especially when it comes to illnesses related to the brain."
6473,brain tumour,38723752,Advances in gene therapy approaches targeting neuro-inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases.,"Over the last three decades, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have increased in frequency. About 15% of the world's population suffers from NDs in some capacity, which causes cognitive and physical impairment. Neurodegenerative diseases, including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and others represent a significant and growing global health challenge. Neuroinflammation is recognized to be related to all NDs, even though NDs are caused by a complex mix of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Numerous genes and pathways such as NFκB, p38 MAPK, Akt/mTOR, caspase, nitric oxide, and COX are involved in triggering brain immune cells like astrocytes and microglia to secrete inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. In AD, the binding of Aβ with CD36, TLR4, and TLR6 receptors results in activation of microglia which start to produce proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Consequently, the pro-inflammatory cytokines worsen and spread neuroinflammation, causing the deterioration of healthy neurons and the impairment of brain functions. Gene therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to modulate the inflammatory response in NDs, offering potential neuroprotective effects and disease-modifying benefits. This review article focuses on recent advances in gene therapy strategies targeting neuroinflammation pathways in NDs. We discussed the molecular pathways involved in neuroinflammation, highlighted key genes and proteins implicated in these processes, and reviewed the latest preclinical and clinical studies utilizing gene therapy to modulate neuroinflammatory responses. Additionally, this review addressed the prospects and challenges in translating gene therapy approaches into effective treatments for NDs."
6474,brain tumour,38723526,Muscone restores anoikis sensitivity in TMZ-resistant glioblastoma cells by suppressing TOP2A via the EGFR/Integrin β1/FAK signaling pathway.,"Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance is the main obstacle faced by glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment. Muscone, one of the primary active pharmacological ingredients of Shexiang (Moschus), can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and is being investigated as an antineoplastic medication. However, muscone treatment for GBM has received little research, and its possible mechanisms are still unclear."
6475,brain tumour,38723519,Immunosenescence-related T cell phenotypes and white matter in schizophrenia patients with tardive dyskinesia.,"Schizophrenia patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD) are associated with accelerated biological aging, immunological dysfunction, and premature morbidity and mortality. Older individuals are particularly vulnerable to TD development. As a characteristic of immunosenescence, alterations in the relative proportions of naïve or memory T cell subpopulations may be negatively or positively associated with brain structure abnormalities; however, whether these changes are correlated with TD remains unclear. In this study, we investigated correlations between distributions of T cell phenotypes and brain structure abnormalities (especially white matter) in schizophrenia patients with (TD) and without (NTD) TD (n = 50 and 58, respectively) relative to healthy controls (HC, n = 41). Immune markers, including naïve (CD45RA+), memory (CD45RO+), and apoptotic (CD95+) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, were examined by flow cytometry, as were the intracellular levels of cytokines (interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) in CD8 + CD45RA + CD95+ and CD8 + CD45RO + CD95+ T cells. MRI was employed to evaluate the fractional anisotropy (FA) of white matter tracts and subcortical volumes, following published routines. The percentage of CD8 + CD45RO + CD95+ T cells was higher in TD compared with NTD and HC groups and correlated with the choroid plexus volume in TD group. The intracellular level of IFN-γ in CD8 + CD45RO + CD95+ T cells, the FA of the fornix/stria terminalis, and the pallidum volume were correlated with orofacial TD, whereas the FAs of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, cingulum, and superior longitudinal fasciculus were correlated with limb-truncal TD. These findings provide preliminary evidence that the association between immunosenescence-related T cell subpopulations and brain structure may underline the pathological process of TD."
6476,brain tumour,38723361,Synthesis and evaluation of a ,"The polyamine transporter system (PTS), which renders it a promising target for tumor therapy and imaging applications, facilitates the transmembrane transport of polyamines. We reported a novel derivative of spermine labeled with gallium-68 (["
6477,brain tumour,38723228,State of the Art in Low-Grade Glioma Management: Insights From Isocitrate Dehydrogenase and Beyond.,"Low-grade gliomas present a formidable challenge in neuro-oncology because of the challenges imposed by the blood-brain barrier, predilection for the young adult population, and propensity for recurrence. In the past two decades, the systematic examination of genomic alterations in adults and children with primary brain tumors has uncovered profound new insights into the pathogenesis of these tumors, resulting in more accurate tumor classification and prognostication. It also identified several common recurrent genomic alterations that now define specific brain tumor subtypes and have provided a new opportunity for molecularly targeted therapeutic intervention. Adult-type diffuse low-grade gliomas are frequently associated with mutations in "
6478,brain tumour,38377270,Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG): Patient Version,"This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care. Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly, and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary (""Date Last Modified"") is the date of the most recent change. The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board."
6479,brain tumour,26389391,Childhood Astrocytomas Treatment: Patient Version,"This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of childhood astrocytomas. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care. Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary (""Date Last Modified"") is the date of the most recent change. The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board."
6480,brain tumour,38722525,Preoperative executive functioning impairments in patients with a meningioma: does a frontal location matter?,"Patients with meningiomas frequently exhibit impairments in executive functioning. There are few studies specifically examining the role of frontal meningioma localization in executive functioning impairments. This study examines whether frontally located meningiomas are specifically associated with executive functioning impairments in a large sample of meningioma patients before treatment, using an axis-wise and lobe-based approach to meningioma localization. We retrospectively examined cognitive performances in 353 patients with frontal, frontally-involved and non-frontal meningiomas on a battery of tests including tests of executive functioning. We applied an axis-based approach to meningioma location, in addition to qualitative lobe-based localization. We examined the association between meningioma coordinates on an anterior-posterior axis and continuous cognitive performance scores in univariate correlations and linear regression analyses. We also examined the association between meningioma coordinates on an anterior-posterior axis with cognitive impairments in multivariable logistic regression analyses. Meningioma position on the anterior-posterior axis was only univariately associated with mean performance on the Stroop test Interference ratio and Symbol Digit Coding task. There was no (multivariable) association with impairments on tests of executive or non-executive domains. Increased odds of impairment on executive functioning tasks were associated with left-localization (Verbal Fluency) and larger meningioma volumes (Shifting Attention). We did not find a specific relation between a frontal meningioma location and executive functioning impairments, which may be explained by widespread organization of executive functioning throughout the brain, diffuse cognitive effects of the mass of meningiomas, functional reorganization due to neuroplasticity, or functional involvement of less-anteriorly located frontal areas."
6481,brain tumour,38722381,The impact of PET/CT and brain MRI for metastasis detection among patients with clinical T1-category lung cancer: Findings from a large-scale cohort study.,[
6482,brain tumour,38722227,Prolonged remission with ibrutinib maintenance therapy following radiation in a patient with relapsed primary CNS lymphoma.,
6483,brain tumour,38722186,"Disappearance of ""Elongated Pony Tail Sign"" Following Chemoradiotherapy in a Case of Primary Cerebellopontine Angle Ependymoma With Spinal Drop Metastasis: 18 F-FDG PET/CT Scan Findings.","Ependymomas are rare glial tumors that commonly arise from the lining cells of ventricular system and constitute ~10% of intracranial pediatric malignancies. The incidence of ependymoma in adults is rare. Due to close approximation with the ventricular system, subtentorial ependymomas are more prone to show cerebrospinal fluid metastasis compared with supratentorial ependymomas. We present a case of subtentorial cerebellopontine angle ependymoma with diffuse spinal drop metastases showing ""elongated pony tail appearance"" in a 69-year-old man with complete metabolic response on 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging following chemoradiotherapy."
6484,brain tumour,38722043,2D ,Emerging evidence suggests that fasting could play a key role in cancer treatment. Its metabolic effects on gliomas require further investigation.
6485,brain tumour,38721992,T-antigen as a biomarker of progression-free survival in patients with glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive brain tumors and often leads to poor outcomes. Studies have indicated that glycan levels are significantly correlated with the pathogenesis and development of cancers. However, whether glycan levels can serve as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in GBM remains unclear."
6486,brain tumour,38721826,SMYD2 induced PGC1α methylation promotes stemness maintenance of glioblastoma stem cells.,"The high fatality rate of glioblastoma (GBM) is attributed to glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), which exhibit heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance. Metabolic plasticity of mitochondria is the hallmark of GSCs. Targeting mitochondrial biogenesis of GSCs is crucial for improving clinical prognosis in GBM patients."
6487,brain tumour,38721798,Immunohistochemical Approach to Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Pediatric High-Grade Glioma.,"Knowledge of the molecular pathways of pediatric high-grade gliomas is increasing. Gliomas with mismatch repair deficiency do not currently comprise a distinct group, but data on this topic have been accumulating in recent publications. Immunohistochemistry can effectively determine mismatch repair status, indirectly suggesting the microsatellite instability of the tumor. This study aimed to determine the number of mismatch repair-deficient pediatric high-grade gliomas in a tertiary institution and assess the relationship between the survival and mismatch repair status of the patients. It also aimed to assess the potential for further clinical studies including immunotherapy. Of 24 patients with high-grade gliomas, 3 deceased patients were mismatch repair-deficient. Mismatch repair deficiency was significantly associated with shorter survival ( P =0.004). Immunotherapy trials need to progress, and patients with mismatch repair-deficient pediatric high-grade gliomas are the most suitable candidates for such studies."
6488,brain tumour,38721619,Differences and Advantages of Particles versus Liquid Material for Preoperative Intracranial Tumor Embolization: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.,The superiority and usefulness of liquid material over particles for embolization have been a topic of debate due to differences in materials and techniques. This study aimed to identify the complications and outcomes associated with both embolization materials.
6489,brain tumour,38721197,Radiological Insights From Two Distinct Cases of Pineal Region Meningioma: A Case Report.,"This case report delineates the radiological evaluation and diagnostic intricacies of two unique cases of pineal region meningioma, underscoring the pivotal role of advanced imaging techniques in the accurate diagnosis and management of such rare tumors. Pineal region tumors represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, with meningiomas in this location being particularly uncommon, thereby posing significant challenges in diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making. The first case involves a 40-year-old female presenting with progressive headaches and visual disturbances with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, whereas the second case describes a 30-year-old male presenting with headache, dizziness, difficulty with balance, and cognitive decline. Both patients underwent a comprehensive diagnostic workup, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which revealed tumors in the pineal region exhibiting characteristics suggestive of meningioma. The MRI findings in both cases included well-defined mass lesions showing iso- to hypointense signal on T1-weighted images with robust contrast enhancement. Additionally, the radiological assessment was instrumental in differentiating these meningiomas from other pineal region tumors, such as germinomas or pineocytomas, based on their distinctive imaging features and the absence of dissemination. Surgical resection followed by histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of meningioma in both cases. This report highlights the critical role of radiological imaging in the early detection and differentiation of pineal region tumors, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to achieve optimal patient outcomes."
6490,brain tumour,38721022,Quantitative assessment and objective improvement of the accuracy of neurosurgical planning through digital patient-specific 3D models.,"Neurosurgical patient-specific 3D models have been shown to facilitate learning, enhance planning skills and improve surgical results. However, there is limited data on the objective validation of these models. Here, we aim to investigate their potential for improving the accuracy of surgical planning process of the neurosurgery residents and their usage as a surgical planning skill assessment tool."
6491,brain tumour,38721006,Critical roles and clinical perspectives of RNA methylation in cancer.,"RNA modification, especially RNA methylation, is a critical posttranscriptional process influencing cellular functions and disease progression, accounting for over 60% of all RNA modifications. It plays a significant role in RNA metabolism, affecting RNA processing, stability, and translation, thereby modulating gene expression and cell functions essential for proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Increasing studies have revealed the disruption in RNA metabolism mediated by RNA methylation has been implicated in various aspects of cancer progression, particularly in metabolic reprogramming and immunity. This disruption of RNA methylation has profound implications for tumor growth, metastasis, and therapy response. Herein, we elucidate the fundamental characteristics of RNA methylation and their impact on RNA metabolism and gene expression. We highlight the intricate relationship between RNA methylation, cancer metabolic reprogramming, and immunity, using the well-characterized phenomenon of cancer metabolic reprogramming as a framework to discuss RNA methylation's specific roles and mechanisms in cancer progression. Furthermore, we explore the potential of targeting RNA methylation regulators as a novel approach for cancer therapy. By underscoring the complex mechanisms by which RNA methylation contributes to cancer progression, this review provides a foundation for developing new prognostic markers and therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating RNA methylation in cancer treatment."
6492,brain tumour,38720772,The antitumor action of endocannabinoids in the tumor microenvironment of glioblastoma.,"Approximately 80% of all malignant brain tumors are gliomas, which are primary brain tumors. The most prevalent subtype of glioma, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is also the most deadly. Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, surgery, and conventional pharmacotherapy are currently available therapeutic options for GBM; unfortunately, these approaches only prolong the patient's life by 5 years at most. Despite numerous intensive therapeutic options, GBM is considered incurable. Accumulating preclinical data indicate that overt antitumoral effects can be induced by pharmacologically activating endocannabinoid receptors on glioma cells by modifying important intracellular signaling cascades. The complex mechanism underlying the endocannabinoid receptor-evoked antitumoral activity in experimental models of glioma may inhibit the ability of cancer cells to invade, proliferate, and exhibit stem cell-like characteristics, along with altering other aspects of the complex tumor microenvironment. The exact biological function of the endocannabinoid system in the development and spread of gliomas, however, is remains unclear and appears to rely heavily on context. Previous studies have revealed that endocannabinoid receptors are present in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting that these receptors could be novel targets for the treatment of GBM. Additionally, endocannabinoids have demonstrated anticancer effects through signaling pathways linked to the classic features of cancer. Thus, the pharmacology of endocannabinoids in the glioblastoma microenvironment is the main topic of this review, which may promote the development of future GBM therapies."
6493,brain tumour,38720546,High Expression of KIFC1 in Glioma Correlates with Poor Prognosis.,"Kinesin family member C1 (KIFC1), a non-essential kinesin-like motor protein, has been found to serve a crucial role in supernumerary centrosome clustering and the progression of several human cancer types. However, the role of KIFC1 in glioma has been rarely reported. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the role of KIFC1 in glioma progression."
6494,brain tumour,38720427,Stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy for brainstem metastases: An international multicenter analysis.,"Brainstem metastases (BSM) present a significant neuro-oncological challenge, resulting in profound neurological deficits and poor survival outcomes. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) offer promising therapeutic avenues for BSM despite their precarious location. This international multicenter study investigates the efficacy and safety of SRS and FSRT in 136 patients with 144 BSM treated at nine institutions from 2005 to 2022. The median radiographic and clinical follow-up periods were 6.8 and 9.4 months, respectively. Predominantly, patients with BSM were managed with SRS (69.4%). The median prescription dose and isodose line for SRS were 18 Gy and 65%, respectively, while for FSRT, the median prescription dose was 21 Gy with a median isodose line of 70%. The 12-, 24-, and 36-month local control (LC) rates were 82.9%, 71.4%, and 61.2%, respectively. Corresponding overall survival rates at these time points were 61.1%, 34.7%, and 19.3%. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis for LC, only the minimum biologically effective dose was significantly associated with LC, favoring higher doses for improved control (in Gy, hazard ratio [HR]: 0.86, p < .01). Regarding overall survival, good performance status (Karnofsky performance status, ≥90%; HR: 0.43, p < .01) and prior whole brain radiotherapy (HR: 2.52, p < .01) emerged as associated factors. In 14 BSM (9.7%), treatment-related adverse events were noted, with a total of five (3.4%) radiation necrosis. SRS and FSRT for BSM exhibit efficacy and safety, making them suitable treatment options for affected patients."
6495,brain tumour,38720348,"Characterization of zinc finger protein 536, a neuroendocrine regulator, using pan-cancer analysis.","Previous studies suggested that zinc finger protein 536 (ZNF536) was abundant in the central brain and regulated neuronal differentiation. However, the role of ZNF536 in cancer has remained unclear."
6496,brain tumour,38720342,Understanding the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma: mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), the predominant and primary malignant intracranial tumor, poses a formidable challenge due to its immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby confounding conventional therapeutic interventions. Despite the established treatment regimen comprising surgical intervention, radiotherapy, temozolomide administration, and the exploration of emerging modalities such as immunotherapy and integration of medicine and engineering technology therapy, the efficacy of these approaches remains constrained, resulting in suboptimal prognostic outcomes. In recent years, intensive scrutiny of the inhibitory and immunosuppressive milieu within GBM has underscored the significance of cellular constituents of the GBM microenvironment and their interactions with malignant cells and neurons. Novel immune and targeted therapy strategies have emerged, offering promising avenues for advancing GBM treatment. One pivotal mechanism orchestrating immunosuppression in GBM involves the aggregation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), glioma-associated macrophage/microglia (GAM), and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Among these, MDSCs, though constituting a minority (4-8%) of CD45"
6497,brain tumour,38720306,Preoperative peripheral inflammatory markers are predictors of postoperative central diabetes insipidus in craniopharyngioma patients: a retrospective study.,"Postoperative central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is commonly observed in craniopharyngioma (CP) patients, and the inflammatory response plays an important role in CPs. We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of preoperative peripheral inflammatory markers and their combinations regarding CDI occurrence in CPs."
6498,brain tumour,38719853,Novel standardized indexes of brainstem auditory evoked potentials for predicting hearing preservation in vestibular schwannomas.,"Hearing preservation (HP) during vestibular schwannomas (VSs) surgery poses a significant challenge. Although brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) on the affected side are commonly employed to monitor cochlear nerve function, their low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) renders them susceptible to interferences, compromising their reliability. We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent tumor resection, while binaural brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were simultaneously recorded during surgery. To standardize BAEPs on the affected side, we incorporated the synchronous healthy side as a reference (interval between affected and healthy side ≤ 3 min). A total of 127 patients were enrolled. Comparison of the raw BAEPs data pre- and post-tumor resection revealed that neither V-wave amplitude (Am-V) nor latency (La-V) could serve as reliable predictors of HP simultaneously. However, following standardization, V-wave latency (STIAS-La-V) and amplitude (STIAS-Am-V) emerged as stable predictors of HP. Furthermore, the intraoperative difference in V-wave amplitude (D-Am-V) predicted postoperative HP in patients with preoperative HP and remained predictive after standardization. The utilization of intraoperative synchronous healthy side BAEPs as a reference to eliminate interferences proves to be an effective approach in enhancing the reliability of BAEPs for predicting HP in VSs patients."
6499,brain tumour,38719809,TLR agonists polarize interferon responses in conjunction with dendritic cell vaccination in malignant glioma: a randomized phase II Trial.,"In this randomized phase II clinical trial, we evaluated the effectiveness of adding the TLR agonists, poly-ICLC or resiquimod, to autologous tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cell (ATL-DC) vaccination in patients with newly-diagnosed or recurrent WHO Grade III-IV malignant gliomas. The primary endpoints were to assess the most effective combination of vaccine and adjuvant in order to enhance the immune potency, along with safety. The combination of ATL-DC vaccination and TLR agonist was safe and found to enhance systemic immune responses, as indicated by increased interferon gene expression and changes in immune cell activation. Specifically, PD-1 expression increases on CD4+ T-cells, while CD38 and CD39 expression are reduced on CD8+ T cells, alongside an increase in monocytes. Poly-ICLC treatment amplifies the induction of interferon-induced genes in monocytes and T lymphocytes. Patients that exhibit higher interferon response gene expression demonstrate prolonged survival and delayed disease progression. These findings suggest that combining ATL-DC with poly-ICLC can induce a polarized interferon response in circulating monocytes and CD8+ T cells, which may represent an important blood biomarker for immunotherapy in this patient population.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01204684."
6500,brain tumour,38719648,"Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Leptomeningeal Disease Following Receipt of EGFR-Targeted Therapy, Immune-Checkpoint Blockade, Intrathecal Chemotherapy, or Radiation Therapy Alone.","EGFR-targeted therapy (ETT) and immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) have shown promising results in treating NSCLC brain metastases (BM). However, little is known of their effect in treating leptomeningeal disease (LMD)."
6501,brain tumour,38719607,Pseudo-Resting-State Functional MRI Derived from Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion MRI Can Predict Cognitive Impairment in Glioma.,"Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) can be used to estimate functional connectivity (FC) between different brain regions, which may be of value for identifying cognitive impairment in patients with brain tumors. Unfortunately, neither rs-fMRI nor neurocognitive assessments are routinely assessed clinically, mostly due to limitations in examination time and cost. Since DSC perfusion MRI is often used clinically to assess tumor vascularity and similarly uses a gradient-echo-EPI sequence for T2*-sensitivity, we theorized a ""pseudo-rs-fMRI"" signal could be derived from DSC perfusion to simultaneously quantify FC and perfusion metrics, and these metrics can be used to estimate cognitive impairment in patients with brain tumors."
6502,brain tumour,38719426,Osimertinib Versus Durvalumab Versus Observation After Chemoradiation in Unresectable EGFR-Mutant NSCLC.,No abstract found
6503,brain tumour,38719251,Delayed radiation-induced cerebral vasculopathy mimicking tumour in an adolescent 14 years after radiation therapy for posterior fossa ependymoma.,No abstract found
6504,brain tumour,38719174,"COL8A1 is a potential prognostic biomarker associated with migration, proliferation, and tumor microenvironment in glioma.","Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common primary central nervous system tumor. The molecular mechanisms of glioma are unknown, and the prognosis is poor. Therefore, exploring the underlying mechanisms and screening for new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets is crucial. We utilized the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs), and LASSO-COX analysis to identify three target genes. Next, we constructed and evaluated a prognostic model, screening out COL8A1 as a risk gene. Through a sequence of cellular functional experiments, in vivo studies, and RNA sequencing, we delved into exploring the functional effects and molecular mechanisms of COL8A1 on GBM cells. Finally, the correlation between COL8A1 and tumor immune cells and different inflammatory responses was analyzed. Immunohistochemistry experiments revealed the influence of COL8A1 on macrophage polarization. The COL8A1 expression level was associated with the grade, prognosis, and tumor microenvironment (TME) of glioma. Functional experiments showed that COL8A1 inhibited GBM cell apoptosis and promoted migration, invasion, and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. We also found that COL8A1 promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process and may mediate the activation of the ERK pathway through SHC1. In addition, immune infiltration analysis showed that COL8A1 was closely associated with macrophages in glioma tissues, significantly suppressing the signaling of M1-like -type macrophages and enhancing the signaling of M2-like -type macrophages. COL8A1 was first found to be associated with prognosis, progression, and immune microenvironment of glioma and may serve as a new marker of prognosis and a therapeutic target."
6505,brain tumour,38719077,Long-Term Outcomes of Surgery and Radiation Treatment for Adult Patients with Craniopharyngioma.,Treatment of craniopharyngioma typically entails gross total resection (GTR) or subtotal resection with adjuvant radiation (STR-RT). We analyzed outcomes in adults with craniopharyngioma undergoing GTR versus STR-RT.
6506,brain tumour,38718868,STAT3 activation of SCAP-SREBP-1 signaling upregulates fatty acid synthesis to promote tumor growth.,"SCAP plays a central role in controlling lipid homeostasis by activating SREBP-1, a master transcription factor in controlling fatty acid (FA) synthesis. However, how SCAP expression is regulated in human cancer cells remains unknown. Here, we revealed that STAT3 binds to the promoter of SCAP to activate its expression across multiple cancer cell types. Moreover, we identified that STAT3 also concurrently interacts with the promoter of SREBF1 gene (encoding SREBP-1), amplifying its expression. This dual action by STAT3 collaboratively heightens FA synthesis. Pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 significantly reduces the levels of unsaturated FAs and phospholipids bearing unsaturated FA chains by reducing the SCAP-SREBP-1 signaling axis and its downstream effector SCD1. Examination of clinical samples from patients with glioblastoma, the most lethal brain tumor, demonstrates a substantial co-expression of STAT3, SCAP, SREBP-1, and SCD1. These findings unveil STAT3 directly regulates the expression of SCAP and SREBP-1 to promote FA synthesis, ultimately fueling tumor progression."
6507,brain tumour,38718706,Minimally invasive resection of intracranial lesions using tubular retractors: A single surgeon series.,"Tubular retractors are increasingly used due to their low complication rates, providing easier access to lesions while minimizing trauma from brain retraction. Our study presents the most extensive series of cases performed by a single surgeon aiming to assess the effectiveness and safety of a transcortical-transtubular approach for removing intracranial lesions."
6508,brain tumour,38718677,Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure in plasma and their blood-brain barrier transmission efficiency-A pilot study.,"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been shown to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and accumulate in human brain. The BBB transmission and accumulation efficiency of PFAS, as well as the potential health risks from human co-exposure to legacy and emerging PFAS due to differences in transport efficiency, need to be further elucidated. In the present pilot study, 23 plasma samples from glioma patients were analyzed for 17 PFAS. The concentrations of PFAS in six paired brain tissue and plasma samples were used to calculate the BBB transmission efficiency of PFAS (R"
6509,brain tumour,38718659,Enhancing antitumor immunity and achieving tumor eradication with IL11RA mRNA immunotherapy.,"Current methods for delivering genes to target tumors face significant challenges, including off-target effects and immune responses against delivery vectors. In this study, we developed a novel approach using messenger RNA (mRNA) to encode IL11RA for local immunotherapy, aiming to harness the immune system to combat tumors. Our research uncovered a compelling correlation between IL11RA expression and CD8 + T cell levels across multiple tumor types, with elevated IL11RA expression correlating with improved overall survival. Examination of the Pan-Cancer Atlas dataset showed a significant reduction in IL11RA expression in various cancer types compared to normal tissue, raising questions about its potential role in tumorigenesis. To achieve efficient in vivo expression of IL11RA, we synthesized two mRNA sequences mimicking the wild-type protein. These mRNA sequences were formulated and capped to ensure effective delivery, resulting in robust expression within tumor sites. Our investigation into IL11RA mRNA therapy demonstrated its effectiveness in controlling tumor growth when administered both intratumorally and intravenously in mouse models. Additionally, IL11RA mRNA treatment significantly stimulated the expansion of CD8 + T cells within tumors, draining lymph nodes, and the spleen. Transcriptome analysis revealed distinct transcriptional patterns associated with T cell functions. Using multiple deconvolution algorithms, we found substantial infiltration of CD8 + T cells following IL11RA mRNA treatment, highlighting its immunomodulatory effects within the tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, IL11RA mRNA therapy presents a promising strategy for tumor regression with potential immunomodulatory effects and clinical implications for improved survival outcomes."
6510,brain tumour,38718647,Bright luminescent Zn,"In this work, miRNA-10b in the glioblastoma (GBM) tumor tissues has been detected by a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor. Firstly, a new kind of bright luminescent Zn"
6511,brain tumour,38718386,Pain response in single-fraction 8-Gy radiotherapy for painful non-bone-metastasis tumors: a single-center retrospective study.,"The effectiveness of single-fraction 8-Gy radiotherapy for painful bone metastases has been verified in numerous randomized controlled trials. However, few reports have described the effectiveness of single-fraction 8-Gy radiotherapy in painful tumors other than bone metastases. We conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate the pain response to single-fraction 8-Gy radiotherapy in painful non-bone-metastasis tumors. We included patients who had received single-fraction 8-Gy radiotherapy for such tumors between January 2017 and December 2022, excluding those with brain metastases, hematological tumors and those who received re-irradiation. Pain response assessment was based on the best responses documented in the medical records and conducted by two radiation oncologists. A total of 36 eligible patients were included in this study. The irradiation sites included primary lesions in eight patients, lymph node metastases in eight, muscle metastases in seven, pleural dissemination in four, skin/subcutaneous metastases in four and other sites in five. Pain response was assessed in 24 patients after radiotherapy. Pain response rate was 88% in evaluable patients; 21 of the 24 patients experienced response. The median assessment date for pain response was 37 days (range: 8-156 days) after radiotherapy. Re-irradiation was performed in four patients (11%). Single-fraction 8-Gy radiotherapy seemed to be a promising treatment option for painful non-bone-metastasis tumors and warrants further investigation."
6512,brain tumour,38718220,Receptor Ligand-Free Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: A Streamlined Strategy for Targeted Drug Delivery across the Blood-Brain Barrier.,"Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) represent a promising avenue for targeted brain tumor therapy. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) often presents a formidable obstacle to efficient drug delivery. This study introduces a ligand-free PEGylated MSN variant (RMSN"
6513,brain tumour,38718185,Association between diabetes and subsequent malignancy risk among older breast cancer survivors.,"Type II diabetes is associated with cancer risk in the general population but has not been well studied as a risk factor for subsequent malignancies among cancer survivors. We investigated the association between diabetes and subsequent cancer risk among older (66-84 years), 1-year breast cancer survivors within the linked Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database using Cox regression analyses to quantify hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Among 133 324 women, 29.3% were diagnosed with diabetes before or concurrent with their breast cancer diagnosis, and 10 452 women developed subsequent malignancies over a median follow-up of 4.3 years. Diabetes was statistically significantly associated with liver (HR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.48 to 3.74), brain (HR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.26 to 2.96), and thyroid cancer risks (HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.89). Future studies are needed to better understand the spectrum of subsequent cancers associated with diabetes and the role of diabetes medications in modifying subsequent cancer risk, alone or in combination with cancer treatments."
6514,brain tumour,38718141,CDKN2A/B Homozygous Deletion Sensitizes IDH-Mutant Glioma to CDK4/6 Inhibition.,"Treatment paradigms for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant gliomas are rapidly evolving. Although typically indolent and responsive to initial treatment, these tumors invariably recur at a higher grade and require salvage treatment. Homozygous deletion of the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A/B frequently emerges at recurrence in these tumors, driving poor patient outcomes. We investigated the effect of CDK-Rb pathway blockade on IDH-mutant glioma growth in vitro and in vivo using CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDKi)."
6515,brain tumour,38718095,Zmiz1 is a novel regulator of lymphatic endothelial cell gene expression and function.,"Zinc Finger MIZ-Type Containing 1 (Zmiz1), also known as ZIMP10 or RAI17, is a transcription cofactor and member of the Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT (PIAS) family of proteins. Zmiz1 is critical for a variety of biological processes including vascular development. However, its role in the lymphatic vasculature is unknown. In this study, we utilized human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs) and an inducible, lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)-specific Zmiz1 knockout mouse model to investigate the role of Zmiz1 in LECs. Transcriptional profiling of ZMIZ1-deficient HDLECs revealed downregulation of genes crucial for lymphatic vessel development. Additionally, our findings demonstrated that loss of Zmiz1 results in reduced expression of proliferation and migration genes in HDLECs and reduced proliferation and migration in vitro. We also presented evidence that Zmiz1 regulates Prox1 expression in vitro and in vivo by modulating chromatin accessibility at Prox1 regulatory regions. Furthermore, we observed that loss of Zmiz1 in mesenteric lymphatic vessels significantly reduced valve density. Collectively, our results highlight a novel role of Zmiz1 in LECs and as a transcriptional regulator of Prox1, shedding light on a previously unknown regulatory factor in lymphatic vascular biology."
6516,brain tumour,38717917,Evaluating the possible genotoxicity of nanoaluminum incorporated in human vaccines and the potential protective role of nanocurcumin: an ,"For nearly 90 years, aluminum (Al) salts have been utilized as vaccination adjuvants. Nevertheless, there is a risk of adverse effects associated with the amount of nanoaluminum used in various national pediatric immunization regimens. This study aimed to investigate the possible genotoxic effects of nanoaluminum incorporated in human vaccines on the brains of newborn albino rats and whether nanocurcumin has a potential protective effect against this toxicity. Fifty newborn albino rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups, with 10 in each group. Groups 1 and 2 received ""high"" and ""low"" Al injections corresponding to either the American or Scandinavian pediatric immunization schedules, respectively, as opposed to the control rats (group 5) that received saline injections. Groups 3 and 4 received the same regimens as groups 1 and 2 in addition to oral nanocurcumin. The expression of both the cell breakdown gene tumor protein (P53) and the cell stress gene uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) was significantly greater in groups 1 and 2 than in group 5. Groups 1 and 2 exhibited severe DNA fragmentation, which was observed as DNA laddering. Nanocurcumin significantly reduced the expression of the P53 and UCP2 genes in groups 3 and 4, with very low or undetectable DNA laddering in both groups. Vaccination with nanoaluminum adjuvants can cause genotoxic effects, which can be mediated by the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, and nanocurcumin can protect against these toxic effects through the modulation of oxidative stress regulators and gene expression."
6517,brain tumour,38717807,Risk of Subsequent Primary Cancers Among Adult-Onset 5-Year Cancer Survivors in South Korea: Retrospective Cohort Study.,The number of cancer survivors who develop subsequent primary cancers (SPCs) is expected to increase.
6518,brain tumour,38717547,Therapeutic Potential of Antibody Targeting Neuronal Pentraxin Receptor in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.,"Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a poor prognosis despite advances in multidisciplinary treatments and immune checkpoint inhibitors. We previously reported that neural pentraxin receptor (NPTXR), a transmembrane protein mainly expressed in the brain and involved in synaptic transmission, is implicated in gastric cancer malignancy. This study evaluated the expression and function of NPTXR in ESCC, the therapeutic potential of monoclonal antibody (mAb) against NPTXR, and its prognostic value in ESCC patients."
6519,brain tumour,38717379,Gliomatosis cerebri in children: A poor prognostic phenotype of diffuse gliomas with a distinct molecular profile.,"The term gliomatosis cerebri (GC), a radiology-defined highly infiltrating diffuse glioma, has been abandoned since molecular GC-associated features could not be established."
6520,brain tumour,38717297,Efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.,This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in treatment of elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
6521,brain tumour,38717250,Temozolomide resistance mechanisms: unveiling the role of translesion DNA polymerase kappa in glioblastoma spheroids in vitro.,"Temozolomide (TMZ) is the leading therapeutic agent for combating Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Nonetheless, the persistence of chemotherapy-resistant GBM cells remains an ongoing challenge, attributed to various factors, including the translesion synthesis (TLS) mechanism. TLS enables tumor cells to endure genomic damage by utilizing specialized DNA polymerases to bypass DNA lesions. Specifically, TLS polymerase Kappa (Polκ) has been implicated in facilitating DNA damage tolerance against TMZ-induced damage, contributing to a worse prognosis in GBM patients. To better understand the roles of Polκ in TMZ resistance, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of the cytotoxic, antiproliferative, antimetastatic, and genotoxic effects of TMZ on GBM (U251MG) wild-type (WTE) and TLS Polκ knockout (KO) cells, cultivated as three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids in vitro. Initial results revealed that TMZ: (i) induces reductions in GBM spheroid diameter (10-200 µM); (ii) demonstrates significant cytotoxicity (25-200 μM); (iii) exerts antiproliferative effects (≤25 μM) and promotes cell cycle arrest (G2/M phase) in Polκ KO spheroids when compared with WTE counterparts. Furthermore, Polκ KO spheroids exhibit elevated levels of cell death (Caspase 3/7) and display greater genotoxicity (53BP1) than WTE following TMZ exposure. Concerning antimetastatic effects, TMZ impedes invadopodia (3D invasion) more effectively in Polκ KO than in WTE spheroids. Collectively, the results suggest that TLS Polκ plays a vital role in the survival, cell death, genotoxicity, and metastatic potential of GBM spheroids in vitro when subjected to TMZ treatment. While the precise mechanisms underpinning this resistance remain elusive, TLS Polκ emerges as a potential therapeutic target for GBM patients."
6522,brain tumour,38717167,A Scoping Review of Focused Ultrasound Enhanced Drug Delivery for Across the Blood-Brain Barrier for Brain Tumors.,"Previous mechanisms of opening the blood-brain barrier (BBB) created a hypertonic environment. Focused ultrasound (FUS) has recently been introduced as a means of controlled BBB opening. Here, we performed a scoping review to assess the advances in drug delivery across the BBB for treatment of brain tumors to identify advances and literature gaps."
6523,brain tumour,38717166,One-Point Technique in Brainstem Cavernous Malformation Surgery: Evaluation of Approaches and Outcomes From a Different Perspective.,"Brainstem cavernous malformations (BCMs) are a distinct clinical entity that carry a high risk of patient morbidity because of location and risk of hemorrhage. Surgical management of these lesions requires intimate knowledge of surgical anatomy and skull base approaches. This article is intended to highlight a modern approach for the treatment of BCMs, with an emphasis on the use of the one-point technique to guide resection."
6524,brain tumour,38716809,Autophagy in glioblastoma: A mechanistic perspective.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal malignancies in humans. Even after surgical resection and aggressive radio- or chemotherapies, patients with GBM can survive for less than 14 months. Extreme inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity of GBM poses a challenge for resolving recalcitrant GBM pathophysiology. GBM tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibits diverse heterogeneity in cellular composition and processes contributing to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Autophagy is such a cellular process; that demonstrates a cell-specific and TME context-dependent role in GBM progression, leading to either the promotion or suppression of GBM progression. Autophagy can regulate GBM cell function directly via regulation of survival, migration, and invasion, or indirectly by affecting GBM TME composition such as immune cell population, tumor metabolism, and glioma stem cells. This review comprehensively investigates the role of autophagy in GBM pathophysiology."
6525,brain tumour,38716541,Deciphering the role of transcription factors in glioblastoma cancer stem cells.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive and fatal brain malignancy, is largely driven by a subset of tumor cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs possess stem cell-like properties, including self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation, making them pivotal for tumor initiation, invasion, metastasis, and overall tumor progression. The regulation of CSCs is primarily controlled by transcription factors (TFs) which regulate the expressions of genes involved in maintaining stemness and directing differentiation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of TFs in regulating CSCs in GBM. The discussion encompasses the definitions of CSCs and TFs, the significance of glioma stem cells (GSCs) in GBM, and how TFs regulate GSC self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and transformation. The potential for developing TF-targeted GSC therapies is also explored, along with future research directions. By understanding the regulation of GSCs by TFs, we may uncover novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against this devastating disease of GBM."
6526,brain tumour,38716037,ContourTL-Net: Contour-Based Transfer Learning Algorithm for Early-Stage Brain Tumor Detection.,"Brain tumors are critical neurological ailments caused by uncontrolled cell growth in the brain or skull, often leading to death. An increasing patient longevity rate requires prompt detection; however, the complexities of brain tissue make early diagnosis challenging. Hence, automated tools are necessary to aid healthcare professionals. This study is particularly aimed at improving the efficacy of computerized brain tumor detection in a clinical setting through a deep learning model. Hence, a novel thresholding-based MRI image segmentation approach with a transfer learning model based on contour (ContourTL-Net) is suggested to facilitate the clinical detection of brain malignancies at an initial phase. The model utilizes contour-based analysis, which is critical for object detection, precise segmentation, and capturing subtle variations in tumor morphology. The model employs a VGG-16 architecture priorly trained on the ""ImageNet"" collection for feature extraction and categorization. The model is designed to utilize its ten nontrainable and three trainable convolutional layers and three dropout layers. The proposed ContourTL-Net model is evaluated on two benchmark datasets in four ways, among which an unseen case is considered as the clinical aspect. Validating a deep learning model on unseen data is crucial to determine the model's generalization capability, domain adaptation, robustness, and real-world applicability. Here, the presented model's outcomes demonstrate a highly accurate classification of the unseen data, achieving a perfect sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%, 98.60% specificity, 99.12% precision, 99.56% "
6527,brain tumour,38715830,Risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with uremia and hypertension during maintenance hemodialysis.,This study aimed to investigate risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in patients with uremia and hypertension during maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).
6528,brain tumour,38715815,Semaglutide alleviates early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage by suppressing ferroptosis and neuroinflammation via SIRT1 pathway.,"Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a major cause of incapacity and death, imposing a significant economic burden globally. Additionally, SAH is the third most prevalent form of stroke. Semaglutide affects oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Specifically, the potential neuroprotective effect of semaglutide in SAH and its underlying mechanism is unclear. Accordingly, the present research intended to explore the neuroprotective effect of semaglutide in SAH and its potential molecular mechanisms."
6529,brain tumour,38715792,Synthesizing 3D Multi-Contrast Brain Tumor MRIs Using Tumor Mask Conditioning.,"Data scarcity and data imbalance are two major challenges in training deep learning models on medical images, such as brain tumor MRI data. The recent advancements in generative artificial intelligence have opened new possibilities for synthetically generating MRI data, including brain tumor MRI scans. This approach can be a potential solution to mitigate the data scarcity problem and enhance training data availability. This work focused on adapting the 2D latent diffusion models to generate 3D multi-contrast brain tumor MRI data with a tumor mask as the condition. The framework comprises two components: a 3D autoencoder model for perceptual compression and a conditional 3D Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DPM) for generating high-quality and diverse multi-contrast brain tumor MRI samples, guided by a conditional tumor mask. Unlike existing works that focused on generating either 2D multi-contrast or 3D single-contrast MRI samples, our models generate multi-contrast 3D MRI samples. We also integrated a conditional module within the UNet backbone of the DPM to capture the semantic class-dependent data distribution driven by the provided tumor mask to generate MRI brain tumor samples based on a specific brain tumor mask. We trained our models using two brain tumor datasets: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) public dataset and an internal dataset from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW). The models were able to generate high-quality 3D multi-contrast brain tumor MRI samples with the tumor location aligned by the input condition mask. The quality of the generated images was evaluated using the Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) score. This work has the potential to mitigate the scarcity of brain tumor data and improve the performance of deep learning models involving brain tumor MRI data."
6530,brain tumour,38715607,Editorial: Improving responses to immunotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme.,No abstract found
6531,brain tumour,38715397,Role of the prefrontal cortical protease TACE/ADAM17 in neurobehavioral responses to chronic stress during adolescence.,"Chronic adolescent stress profoundly affects prefrontal cortical networks regulating top-down behavior control. However, the neurobiological pathways contributing to stress-induced alterations in the brain and behavior remain largely unknown. Chronic stress influences brain growth factors and immune responses, which may, in turn, disrupt the maturation and function of prefrontal cortical networks. The tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme/a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (TACE/ADAM17) is a sheddase with essential functions in brain maturation, behavior, and inflammatory responses. This study aimed to determine the impact of stress on the prefrontal cortex and whether TACE/ADAM17 plays a role in these responses."
6532,brain tumour,38715344,Advanced tumor electric fields therapy: A review of innovative research and development and prospect of application in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive malignant tumor with a high mortality rate and is the most prevalent primary intracranial tumor that remains incurable. The current standard treatment, which involves surgery along with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy, only yields a survival time of 14-16 months. However, the introduction of tumor electric fields therapy (TEFT) has provided a glimmer of hope for patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM, as it has been shown to extend the median survival time to 20 months. The combination of TEFT and other advanced therapies is a promising trend in the field of GBM, facilitated by advancements in medical technology."
6533,brain tumour,38715059,Multiomics analysis identifies oxidative phosphorylation as a cancer vulnerability arising from myristoylation inhibition.,"In humans, two ubiquitously expressed N-myristoyltransferases, NMT1 and NMT2, catalyze myristate transfer to proteins to facilitate membrane targeting and signaling. We investigated the expression of NMTs in numerous cancers and found that NMT2 levels are dysregulated by epigenetic suppression, particularly so in hematologic malignancies. This suggests that pharmacological inhibition of the remaining NMT1 could allow for the selective killing of these cells, sparing normal cells with both NMTs."
6534,brain tumour,38714954,PMS2 amplification contributes brain metastasis from lung cancer.,Lung adenocarcinoma metastasizing to the brain results in a notable increase in patient mortality. The high incidence and its impact on survival presents a critical unmet need to develop an improved understanding of its mechanisms.
6535,brain tumour,38714727,YANK2 activated by Fyn promotes glioma tumorigenesis via the mTOR-independent p70S6K activation pathway.,"Glioma, particularly glioblastomas (GBM), is incurable brain tumor. The most targeted receptor tyrosine kinase (RTKs) drugs did not bring benefit to GBM patients. The mechanism of glioma growth continues to be explored to find more effective treatment. Here, we reported that Ser/Thr protein kinase YANK2 (yet another kinase 2) is upregulated in glioma tissues and promotes the growth and proliferation of glioma in vitro and in vivo. Further, we confirmed that oncogene Fyn directly activated YANK2 through phosphorylation its Y110, and Fyn-mediated YANK2 phosphorylation at Y110 site promotes glioma growth by increasing its stability. Finally, YANK2 was proved to be a novel upstream kinase of p70S6K and promotes glioma growth by directly phosphorylating p70S6K at T389. Taken together, we found a new mTOR-independent p70S6K activation pathway, Fyn-YANK2-p70S6K, which promotes glioma growth, and YANK2 is a potential oncogene and serves as a novel therapeutic target for glioma."
6536,brain tumour,38714696,Observing astrocyte polarization in brains from mouse chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii.,"Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a protozoan parasite that infects approximately one-third of the global human population, often leading to chronic infection. While acute T. gondii infection can cause neural damage in the central nervous system and result in toxoplasmic encephalitis, the consequences of T. gondii chronic infection (TCI) are generally asymptomatic. However, emerging evidence suggests that TCI may be linked to behavioral changes or mental disorders in hosts. Astrocyte polarization, particularly the A1 subtype associated with neuronal apoptosis, has been identified in various neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, the role of astrocyte polarization in TCI still needs to be better understood. This study aimed to establish a mouse model of chronic TCI and examine the transcription and expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), C3, C1q, IL-1α, and TNF-α in the brain tissues of the mice. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting were employed to assess these levels. Additionally, the expression level of the A1 astrocyte-specific marker C3 was evaluated using indirect fluorescent assay (IFA). In mice with TCI, the transcriptional and expression levels of the inflammatory factors C1q, IL-1α, and TNF-α followed an up-down-up pattern, although they remained elevated compared to the control group. These findings suggest a potential association between astrocyte polarization towards the A1 subtype and synchronized changes in these three inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, immunofluorescence assay (IFA) revealed a significant increase in the A1 astrocytes (GFAP"
6537,brain tumour,38714545,How to evaluate perfusion imaging in post-treatment glioma: a comparison of three different analysis methods.,"Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion weighted (PW)-MRI can aid in differentiating treatment related abnormalities (TRA) from tumor progression (TP) in post-treatment glioma patients. Common methods, like the 'hot spot', or visual approach suffer from oversimplification and subjectivity. Using perfusion of the complete lesion potentially offers an objective and accurate alternative. This study aims to compare the diagnostic value and assess the subjectivity of these techniques."
6538,brain tumour,38714411,Slipped capital femoral epiphysis in an adult patient after surgery for pituitary tumor.,No abstract found
6539,brain tumour,38714355,MEK Inhibition Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Radiotherapy in NF1-Deficient Glioblastoma.,"Individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1, an autosomal dominant neurogenetic and tumor predisposition syndrome, are susceptible to developing low-grade glioma and less commonly high-grade glioma. These gliomas exhibit loss of the neurofibromin gene [neurofibromin type 1 (NF1)], and 10% to 15% of sporadic high-grade gliomas have somatic NF1 alterations. Loss of NF1 leads to hyperactive RAS signaling, creating opportunity given the established efficacy of MEK inhibitors in plexiform neurofibromas and some individuals with low-grade glioma. We observed that NF1-deficient glioblastoma neurospheres were sensitive to the combination of an MEK inhibitor (mirdametinib) with irradiation, as evidenced by synergistic inhibition of cell growth, colony formation, and increased cell death. In contrast, NF1-intact neurospheres were not sensitive to the combination, despite complete ERK pathway inhibition. No neurosphere lines exhibited enhanced sensitivity to temozolomide combined with mirdametinib. Mirdametinib decreased transcription of homologous recombination genes and RAD51 foci, associated with DNA damage repair, in sensitive models. Heterotopic xenograft models displayed synergistic growth inhibition to mirdametinib combined with irradiation in NF1-deficient glioma xenografts but not in those with intact NF1. In sensitive models, benefits were observed at least 3 weeks beyond the completion of treatment, including sustained phosphor-ERK inhibition on immunoblot and decreased Ki-67 expression. These observations demonstrate synergistic activity between mirdametinib and irradiation in NF1-deficient glioma models and may have clinical implications for patients with gliomas that harbor germline or somatic NF1 alterations."
6540,brain tumour,38714269,Salivary inflammatory biomarkers as a predictor of post-traumatic stress disorder and depressive symptom severity in trauma patients: A prospective study.,"Although post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression screening are recommended for traumatic injury patients, routine screening is still uncommon. Salivary inflammatory biomarkers have biological plausibility and potential feasibility and acceptability for screening. This study tested prospective associations between several salivary inflammatory biomarkers (proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α; and C-reactive protein), collected during hospitalization and PTSD and depressive symptoms at 5-month follow-up."
6541,brain tumour,38714192,Unsupervised MRI motion artifact disentanglement: introducing MAUDGAN.,
6542,brain tumour,38713964,Differential tractography and whole brain connectometry in primary motor area gliomas resection: A feasibility study.,Establish the evolution of the connectome before and after resection of motor area glioma using a comparison of connectome maps and high-definition differential tractography (DifT).
6543,brain tumour,38713900,Effective and Successful Control of Symptomatic Vertebral Hemangiomas With Epidural Extension Using Stereotactic Spine Radiosurgery.,We present our experience in the management of symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas with epidural extension (SVHEE) using spine stereotactic radiosurgery (SSRS).
6544,brain tumour,38713519,An Engineered Nanoplatform with Tropism Toward Irradiated Glioblastoma Augments Its Radioimmunotherapy Efficacy.,"Combining radiotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade therapy offers a promising approach to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), yet challenges such as limited effectiveness and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) persist. These issues are largely due to the failure in targeting immunomodulators directly to the tumor microenvironment. To address this, a biomimetic nanoplatform that combines a genetically modified mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) membrane with a bioactive nanoparticle core for chemokine-directed radioimmunotherapy of GBM is developed. The CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2)-overexpressing MSC membrane acts as a tactical tentacle to achieve radiation-induced tropism toward the abundant chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in irradiated gliomas. The nanoparticle core, comprising diselenide-bridged mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and PD-L1 antibodies (αPD-L1), enables X-ray-responsive drug release and radiosensitization. In two murine models with orthotopic GBM tumors, this nanoplatform reinvigorated immunogenic cell death, and augmented the efficacy and specificity of GBM radioimmunotherapy, with reduced occurrence of irAEs. This study suggests a promising radiation-induced tropism strategy for targeted drug delivery, and presents a potent nanoplatform that enhances the efficacy and safety of radio-immunotherapy."
6545,brain tumour,38713405,An update on tests used for intraoperative monitoring of cognition during awake craniotomy.,"Mapping higher-order cognitive functions during awake brain surgery is important for cognitive preservation which is related to postoperative quality of life. A systematic review from 2018 about neuropsychological tests used during awake craniotomy made clear that until 2017 language was most often monitored and that the other cognitive domains were underexposed (Ruis, J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 40(10):1081-1104, 218). The field of awake craniotomy and cognitive monitoring is however developing rapidly. The aim of the current review is therefore, to investigate whether there is a change in the field towards incorporation of new tests and more complete mapping of (higher-order) cognitive functions."
6546,brain tumour,38713373,Correction: Status of alternative angiogenic pathways in glioblastoma resected under and after bevacizumab treatment.,No abstract found
6547,brain tumour,38713326,"Reply to ""Elevating the findings by substituting in 'ISarcoPRM'"".",No abstract found
6548,brain tumour,38713310,Altering biomolecular condensates as a potential mechanism that mediates cannabidiol effect on glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely aggressive primary brain tumor with poor prognosis, short survival time post-diagnosis and high recurrence. Currently, no cure for GBM exists. The identification of an effective therapeutic modality for GBM remains a high priority amongst medical professionals and researches. In recent studies, inhalant cannabidiol (CBD) has demonstrated promise in effectively inhibiting GBM tumor growth. However, exactly how CBD treatment affects the physiology of these tumor cells remains unclear. Stress granules (SG) (a sub-class of biomolecular condensates (BMC)) are dynamic, membrane-less intracellular microstructures which contain proteins and nucleic acids. The formation and signaling of SGs and BMCs plays a significant role in regulating malignancies. This study investigates whether inhaled CBD may play an intervening role towards SGs in GBM tumor cells. Integrated bioinformatics approaches were preformed to gain further insights. This includes use of Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry to measure SGs, as well as expression and phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (eIF2α). The findings of this study reveal that CBD receptors (and co-regulated genes) have the potential to play an important biological role in the formation of BMCs within GBM. In this experiment, CBD treatment significantly increased the volume of TIAR-1. This increase directly correlated with elevation in both eIF2α expression and p-eIF2α in CBD treated tissues in comparison to the placebo group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that inhalant CBD significantly up-regulated SGs in GBM, and thus support a theory of targeting BMCs as a potential therapeutic substrate for treating GBM."
6549,brain tumour,38713298,[,"The unsatisfactory efficacy of PD-L1 antibodies in glioblastoma (GBM) is largely due to the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression. Molecular imaging can enhance understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment and guide immunotherapy. However, highly sensitive imaging agents capable of effectively visualizing PD-L1 heterogeneity are limited. This study introduces a novel PET tracer, offering improved imaging of PD-L1 heterogeneity in GBM xenografts, with a comparative analysis to ["
6550,brain tumour,38713208,Case of embryonal tumor multilayered rosettes in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1.,"ETMR is a unique and highly malignant brain tumor mostly occurring in infants. This report provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical presentation, histological aspects, radiological features, and therapeutic options of ETMR. Being the first report on the co-occurrence of NF1 with ETMR, it highlight the challenges of managing a patient with complex medical conditions."
6551,brain tumour,38713206,A case of a pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation with bifocal lesions differentiated by negative placental alkaline phosphatase in the spinal fluid.,"Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) in the spinal fluid is helpful for the diagnosis of intracranial germinomas. Bifocal lesions involving the pineal and pituitary regions have also been reported as characteristic findings of intracranial germinomas. We present a rare case of a 15-year-old boy with a pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation (PPTID) with bifocal lesions negative for PLAP. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed bifocal mass lesions in the pineal and suprasellar regions and non-communicating hydrocephalus. We initially suspected a germinoma based on imaging findings, but all tumor markers, including PLAP, in the spinal fluid were negative. Based on these results, germinoma was considered less likely, and an endoscopic third ventriculostomy and endoscopic tumor biopsy were performed for diagnosis. The histopathological diagnosis was PPTID, corresponding to World Health Organization grade 3, in both pineal and suprasellar specimens. A craniotomy for tumor removal was performed, resulting in total resection. PLAP is known to have high sensitivity and extremely high negative predictive value for germinomas. Although bifocal lesions highly suggest germ cell tumors, there are exceptions, as in the present case. This case suggests that PLAP measurements are useful for differentiation, leading to appropriate treatment strategies."
6552,brain tumour,38713182,Pegvisomant and pasireotide in PRL and GH co-secreting vs GH-secreting Pit-NETs.,"The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of second-line therapies in patients with acromegaly caused by a growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) co-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (GH&PRL-Pit-NET) compared to their efficacy in patients with acromegaly caused by a GH-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (GH-Pit-NET). This is a multicenter retrospective study of patients with acromegaly on treatment with pasireotide and/or pegvisomant. Patients were classified in two groups: GH&PRL-Pit-NETs when evidence of hyperprolactinemia and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for GH and PRL was positive or if PRL were >200 ng/dL regardless of the PRL-IHC and GH-Pit-NETs when the previously mentioned criteria were not met. A total of 28 cases with GH&PRL-Pit-NETs and 122 with GH-Pit-NETs met the inclusion criteria. GH&PRL-Pit-NETs presented at a younger age, caused hypopituitarism, and were invasive more frequently than GH-Pit-NETs. There were 124 patients treated with pegvisomant and 49 with pasireotide at any time. The efficacy of pegvisomant for IGF-1 normalization was of 81.5% and of pasireotide of 71.4%. No differences in IGF-1 control with pasireotide and with pegvisomant were observed between GH&PRL-Pit-NETs and GH-Pit-NETs. All GH&PRL-Pit-NET cases treated with pasireotide (n = 6) and 82.6% (n = 19/23) of the cases treated with pegvisomant normalized PRL levels. No differences in the rate of IGF-1 control between pegvisomant and pasireotide were detected in patients with GH&PRL-Pit-NETs (84.9% vs 66.7%, P = 0.178). We conclude that despite the more aggressive behavior of GH&PRL-Pit-NETs than GH-Pit-NETs, no differences in the rate of IGF-1 control with pegvisomant and pasireotide were observed between both groups, and both drugs have shown to be effective treatments to control IGF-1 and PRL hypersecretion in these tumors."
6553,brain tumour,38713027,Glioma Radiogenomics for the Reading Room.,No abstract found
6554,brain tumour,38713025,MRI Scoring Systems for Predicting Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutation and Chromosome 1p/19q Codeletion in Adult-type Diffuse Glioma Lacking Contrast Enhancement.,"Background According to 2021 World Health Organization criteria, adult-type diffuse gliomas include glioblastoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype; oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted; and astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, even when contrast enhancement is lacking. Purpose To develop and validate simple scoring systems for predicting IDH and subsequent 1p/19q codeletion status in gliomas without contrast enhancement using standard clinical MRI sequences. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included adult-type diffuse gliomas lacking contrast at contrast-enhanced MRI from two tertiary referral hospitals between January 2012 and April 2022 with diagnoses confirmed at pathology. IDH status was predicted primarily by using T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch sign, followed by 1p/19q codeletion prediction. A visual rating of MRI features, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) ratio, and relative cerebral blood volume was measured. Scoring systems were developed through univariable and multivariable logistic regressions and underwent calibration and discrimination, including internal and external validation. Results For the internal validation cohort, 237 patients were included (mean age, 44.4 years ± 14.4 [SD]; 136 male patients; 193 patients in IDH prediction and 163 patients in 1p/19q prediction). For the external validation cohort, 35 patients were included (46.1 years ± 15.3; 20 male patients; 28 patients in IDH prediction and 24 patients in 1p/19q prediction). The T2-FLAIR mismatch sign demonstrated 100% specificity and 100% positive predictive value for IDH mutation. IDH status prediction scoring system for tumors without mismatch sign included age, ADC ratio, and morphologic characteristics, whereas 1p/19q codeletion prediction for IDH-mutant gliomas included ADC ratio, cortical involvement, and mismatch sign. For IDH status and 1p/19q codeletion prediction, bootstrap-corrected areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.90) and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.81), respectively, whereas at external validation they were 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.0) and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.63, 1.0). Conclusion The T2-FLAIR mismatch sign and scoring systems using standard clinical MRI predicted IDH and 1p/19q codeletion status in gliomas lacking contrast enhancement. © RSNA, 2024 "
6555,brain tumour,38712956,"In Reply: Efficacy and Safety of Carmustine Wafer Implantation After Ventricular Opening in Glioblastomas, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Wildtype, in Adults.",No abstract found
6556,brain tumour,38712932,"Letter: Efficacy and Safety of Carmustine Wafer Implantation After Ventricular Opening in Glioblastomas, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Wildtype, in Adults.",No abstract found
6557,brain tumour,38712923,The association of blood biomarkers with cerebral white matter and myelin content in bipolar disorder: a systematic review.,"Evidence from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and postmortem studies has demonstrated white-matter (WM) deficits in bipolar disorder (BD). Changes in peripheral blood biomarkers have also been observed; however, studies evaluating the potential relationship between brain alterations and the periphery are scarce. The objective of this systematic review is to investigate the relationship between blood-based biomarkers and WM in BD."
6558,brain tumour,38712913,Consensus of Chinese experts on glioma multidisciplinary team management (2nd edition).,No abstract found
6559,brain tumour,38712813,"Comprehensive understanding of glioblastoma molecular phenotypes: classification, characteristics, and transition.","Among central nervous system-associated malignancies, glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and has the highest mortality rate. The high heterogeneity of GBM cell types and the complex tumor microenvironment frequently lead to tumor recurrence and sudden relapse in patients treated with temozolomide. In precision medicine, research on GBM treatment is increasingly focusing on molecular subtyping to precisely characterize the cellular and molecular heterogeneity, as well as the refractory nature of GBM toward therapy. Deep understanding of the different molecular expression patterns of GBM subtypes is critical. Researchers have recently proposed tetra fractional or tripartite methods for detecting GBM molecular subtypes. The various molecular subtypes of GBM show significant differences in gene expression patterns and biological behaviors. These subtypes also exhibit high plasticity in their regulatory pathways, oncogene expression, tumor microenvironment alterations, and differential responses to standard therapy. Herein, we summarize the current molecular typing scheme of GBM and the major molecular/genetic characteristics of each subtype. Furthermore, we review the mesenchymal transition mechanisms of GBM under various regulators."
6560,brain tumour,38712669,Application of MR images in radiotherapy planning for brain tumor based on deep learning.,Explore the function and dose calculation accuracy of MRI images in radiotherapy planning through deep learning methods.
6561,brain tumour,38712587,A Cerebellar Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis in a Patient With Von Hippel-Lindau Disease.,"Tumor-to-tumor metastasis in the central nerve system is uncommon in our routine practice. Most reports include metastatic breast cancer into meningioma. Here we report a metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) into a cerebellar hemangioblastoma in a patient with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Imaging cannot distinguish metastatic ccRCC from primary cerebellar hemangioblastoma. Immuno-molecular studies are proven to be diagnostic. We also reviewed previously documented tumor-to-tumor metastasis of ccRCC to cerebellar hemangioblastoma in VHL disease. Lastly, we discussed potential mechanisms involved in the metastasis of ccRCC to hemangioblastoma in the cerebellum in patients with VHL."
6562,brain tumour,38712425,Artificial intelligence- image learning and its applications in neurooncology: a review.,"Image learning involves using artificial intelligence (AI) to analyse radiological images. Various machine and deeplearning- based techniques have been employed to process images and extract relevant features. These can later be used to detect tumours early and predict their survival based on their grading and classification. Radiomics is now also used to predict genetic mutations and differentiate between tumour progression and treatment-related side effects. These were once completely dependent on invasive procedures like biopsy and histopathology. The use and feasibility of these techniques are now widely being explored in neurooncology to devise more accurate management plans and limit morbidity and mortality. Hence, the future of oncology lies in the exploration of AI-based image learning techniques, which can be applied to formulate management plans based on less invasive diagnostic techniques, earlier detection of tumours, and prediction of prognosis based on radiomic features. In this review, we discuss some of these applications of image learning in current medical dynamics."
6563,brain tumour,38712234,Single-nucleus and spatial landscape of the sub-ventricular zone in human glioblastoma.,"The sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) is the most well-characterized neurogenic area in the mammalian brain. We previously showed that in 65% of patients with glioblastoma (GBM), the SVZ is a reservoir of cancer stem-like cells that contribute to treatment resistance and emergence of recurrence. Here, we built a single-nucleus RNA-sequencing-based microenvironment landscape of the tumor mass (T_Mass) and the SVZ (T_SVZ) of 15 GBM patients and 2 histologically normal SVZ (N_SVZ) samples as controls. We identified a mesenchymal signature in the T_SVZ of GBM patients: tumor cells from the T_SVZ relied on the "
6564,brain tumour,38712112,Radiomic analysis of patient and inter-organ heterogeneity in response to immunotherapies and BRAF targeted therapy in metastatic melanoma.,Variability in treatment response may be attributable to organ-level heterogeneity in tumor lesions. Radiomic analysis of medical images can elucidate non-invasive biomarkers of clinical outcome. Organ-specific radiomic comparison across immunotherapies and targeted therapies has not been previously reported.
6565,brain tumour,38712047,An imbalance between proliferation and differentiation underlies the development of microRNA-defective pineoblastoma.,Mutations in the microRNA processing genes 
6566,brain tumour,38711476,Progress in Procalcitonin Detection Based on Immunoassay.,"Procalcitonin (PCT) serves as a crucial biomarker utilized in diverse clinical contexts, including sepsis diagnosis and emergency departments. Its applications extend to identifying pathogens, assessing infection severity, guiding drug administration, and implementing theranostic strategies. However, current clinical deployed methods cannot meet the needs for accurate or real-time quantitative monitoring of PCT. This review aims to introduce these emerging PCT immunoassay technologies, focusing on analyzing their advantages in improving detection performances, such as easy operation and high precision. The fundamental principles and characteristics of state-of-the-art methods are first introduced, including chemiluminescence, immunofluorescence, latex-enhanced turbidity, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, colloidal gold immunochromatography, and radioimmunoassay. Then, improved methods using new materials and new technologies are briefly described, for instance, the combination with responsive nanomaterials, Raman spectroscopy, and digital microfluidics. Finally, the detection performance parameters of these methods and the clinical importance of PCT detection are also discussed."
6567,brain tumour,38711258,Pediatric Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema After Brain Tumor Removal Complicated with Severe Myocardial Injury: A Case Report.,"BACKGROUND Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a rare complication of neurological insults, such as traumatic brain injury and intracranial hemorrhage, in children. NPE frequently accompanies left ventricular (LV) dysfunction mediated via central catecholamine surge and inflammation. A high serum natriuretic (BNP) level was prolonged even after the LV contraction was improved in this case with severe myocardial injury. The overloading stress to the LV wall can last several days over the acute phase of NPE. CASE REPORT A 6-year-old boy developed NPE after the removal of a brain tumor in the cerebellar vermis, which was complicated by hydrocephalus. Simultaneously, he experienced LV dysfunction involving reduced global contraction with severe myocardial injury diagnosed by abnormally elevated cardiac troponin I level (1611.6 pg/ml) combined with a high serum BNP level (2106 pg/ml). He received mechanical ventilation for 4 days until the improvement of his pulmonary edema in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). On the next day, after the withdrawal of mechanical ventilation, he was discharged from the ICU to the pediatric unit. Although the LV contraction was restored to an almost normal range in the early period, it took a total of 16 days for the serum BNP level to reach an approximate standard range (36.9 pg/ml). CONCLUSIONS Even in a pediatric patient with NPE, we recommend careful monitoring of the variation of cardiac biomarkers such as BNP until confirmation of return to an approximate normal value because of the possible sustained overloading stress to the LV wall."
6568,brain tumour,38711090,Comprehensive analysis of the REST transcription factor regulatory networks in IDH mutant and IDH wild-type glioma cell lines and tumors.,"The RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) acts either as a repressor or activator of transcription depending on the genomic and cellular context. REST is a key player in brain cell differentiation by inducing chromatin modifications, including DNA methylation, in a proximity of its binding sites. Its dysfunction may contribute to oncogenesis. Mutations in IDH1/2 significantly change the epigenome contributing to blockade of cell differentiation and glioma development. We aimed at defining how REST modulates gene activation and repression in the context of the IDH mutation-related phenotype in gliomas. We studied the effects of REST knockdown, genome wide occurrence of REST binding sites, and DNA methylation of REST motifs in IDH wild type and IDH mutant gliomas. We found that REST target genes, REST binding patterns, and TF motif occurrence proximal to REST binding sites differed in IDH wild-type and mutant gliomas. Among differentially expressed REST targets were genes involved in glial cell differentiation and extracellular matrix organization, some of which were differentially methylated at promoters or gene bodies. REST knockdown differently impacted invasion of the parental or IDH1 mutant glioma cells. The canonical REST-repressed gene targets showed significant correlation with the GBM NPC-like cellular state. Interestingly, results of REST or KAISO silencing suggested the interplay between these TFs in regulation of REST-activated and repressed targets. The identified gene regulatory networks and putative REST cooperativity with other TFs, such as KAISO, show distinct REST target regulatory networks in IDH-WT and IDH-MUT gliomas, without concomitant DNA methylation changes. We conclude that REST could be an important therapeutic target in gliomas."
6569,brain tumour,38711042,"Maternal smoking, consumption of alcohol, and caffeinated beverages during pregnancy and the risk of childhood brain tumors: a meta-analysis of observational studies.","We conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the potential association between maternal smoking, alcohol and caffeinated beverages consumption during pregnancy and the risk of childhood brain tumors (CBTs)."
6570,brain tumour,38710703,Glioblastoma stem cells deliver ABCB4 transcribed by ATF3 via exosomes conferring glioblastoma resistance to temozolomide.,"Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) play a key role in glioblastoma (GBM) resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. With the increase in research on the tumour microenvironment, exosomes secreted by GSCs have become a new focus in GBM research. However, the molecular mechanism by which GSCs affect drug resistance in GBM cells via exosomes remains unclear. Using bioinformatics analysis, we identified the specific expression of ABCB4 in GSCs. Subsequently, we established GSC cell lines and used ultracentrifugation to extract secreted exosomes. We conducted in vitro and in vivo investigations to validate the promoting effect of ABCB4 and ABCB4-containing exosomes on TMZ resistance. Finally, to identify the transcription factors regulating the transcription of ABCB4, we performed luciferase assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR. Our results indicated that ABCB4 is highly expressed in GSCs. Moreover, high expression of ABCB4 promoted the resistance of GSCs to TMZ. Our study found that GSCs can also transmit their highly expressed ABCB4 to differentiated glioma cells (DGCs) through exosomes, leading to high expression of ABCB4 in these cells and promoting their resistance to TMZ. Mechanistic studies have shown that the overexpression of ABCB4 in GSCs is mediated by the transcription factor ATF3. In conclusion, our results indicate that GSCs can confer resistance to TMZ in GBM by transmitting ABCB4, which is transcribed by ATF3, through exosomes. This mechanism may lead to drug resistance and recurrence of GBM. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying drug resistance in GBM and provide novel insights into its treatment."
6571,brain tumour,38710700,Decoding the principle of cell-fate determination for its reverse control.,"Understanding and manipulating cell fate determination is pivotal in biology. Cell fate is determined by intricate and nonlinear interactions among molecules, making mathematical model-based quantitative analysis indispensable for its elucidation. Nevertheless, obtaining the essential dynamic experimental data for model development has been a significant obstacle. However, recent advancements in large-scale omics data technology are providing the necessary foundation for developing such models. Based on accumulated experimental evidence, we can postulate that cell fate is governed by a limited number of core regulatory circuits. Following this concept, we present a conceptual control framework that leverages single-cell RNA-seq data for dynamic molecular regulatory network modeling, aiming to identify and manipulate core regulatory circuits and their master regulators to drive desired cellular state transitions. We illustrate the proposed framework by applying it to the reversion of lung cancer cell states, although it is more broadly applicable to understanding and controlling a wide range of cell-fate determination processes."
6572,brain tumour,38710296,Brain metastasis: An insight into novel molecular targets for theranostic approaches.,"Brain metastases (BrM) are common malignant lesions in the central nervous system, and pose a significant threat in advanced-stage malignancies due to delayed diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. Their distinct genomic profiles underscore the need for molecular profiling to tailor effective treatments. Recent advances in cancer biology have uncovered molecular drivers underlying tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. This, coupled with the advances in molecular imaging technology and radiotracer synthesis, has paved the way for the development of innovative radiopharmaceuticals with enhanced specificity and affinity for BrM specific targets. Despite the challenges posed by the blood-brain barrier to effective drug delivery, several radiolabeled compounds have shown promise in detecting and targeting BrM. This manuscript provides an overview of the recent advances in molecular biomarkers used in nuclear imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy in both clinical and preclinical settings. Additionally, it explores potential theranostic applications addressing the unique challenges posed by BrM."
6573,brain tumour,38710206,"Pentoxifylline as a Novel Add-on Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder in Adult Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.","Evidence indicates an association between immune dysregulation and major depressive disorder (MDD). Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has been shown to reduce pro-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in depressive symptoms and pro-inflammatory markers after administration of PTX as an adjunctive agent to citalopram in patients with MDD."
6574,brain tumour,38710154,Regulation of Protein Conformation Enables Cell-Selective Targeting of Virus-Mimicking Nanoparticles for siRNA Therapy of Glioblastoma.,"Orthotopic glioblastoma (GBM) has an aggressive growth pattern and complex pathogenesis, becoming one of the most common and deadly tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). The emergence of RNA therapies offers promise for the treatment of GBM. However, the efficient and precise delivery of RNA drugs to specific tumor cells in the brain with high cellular heterogeneity remains ongoing. Here, a strategy is proposed to regulate protein conformation through lipid nanoenvironments to custom-design virus-mimicking nanoparticles (VMNs) with excellent selective cell targeting capabilities, leading to efficient and precise delivery of small interfering RNA for effective treatment of GBM. The optimized VMNs not only retain the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and release the RNA by lysosomal escape like natural viruses but also ensure precise enrichment in the GBM area. This study lays the conceptual foundation for the custom design of VMNs with superior cell-selective targeting capabilities and opens up the possibility of RNA therapies for the efficient treatment of GBM and CNS tumors."
6575,brain tumour,38710062,Complete Shrinking of Mixed Growth Hormone and Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma With Bromocriptine Therapy Alone.,"A 40-year-old man presented with acromegaly, reduction of visual acuity and visual field, and elevated blood sugar. Imaging examinations demonstrated a large sellar adenoma with suprasellar extension that compresses the optic chiasma upward, spreads downward to the sphenoid sinus, and invades the cavernous sinus bilaterally. Random prolactin and growth hormone were beyond the scope of normal. The patient achieved complete shrinking of the adenoma by taking bromocriptine orally. For some kinds of giant mixed growth hormone-prolactin adenomas, surgical treatment is not necessary, and drug treatment can also achieve good results."
6576,brain tumour,38710051,Physiological and Pathogenesis Significance of Chorein in Health and Disease.,"This comprehensive review explores the physiological and pathophysiological significance of VPS13A, a protein encoded by the VPS13A gene. The VPS13A gene is associated with Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc), a rare hereditary neurodegenerative disorder. The review covers essential aspects, beginning with the genetics of VPS13A, highlighting its role in the pathogenesis of ChAc, and addressing the spectrum of genetic variants involved. It delves into the structure and function of the VPS13A protein, emphasizing its presence in various tissues and its potential involvement in protein trafficking and lipid homeostasis. Molecular functions of VPS13A in the brain tissue and other cell types or tissues with respect to their role in cytoskeletal regulation and autophagy are explored. Finally, it explores the intriguing link between VPS13A mutations, lipid imbalances, and neurodegeneration, shedding light on future research directions. Overall, this review serves as a comprehensive resource for understanding the pivotal role of VPS13A in health and disease, particularly in the context of ChAc. Key words: Chorein , Tumor, Actin, Microfilament, Gene expression, Chorea-acanthocytosis."
6577,brain tumour,38709988,Spontaneous and Treatment-Related Changes of Serum Calcitonin in Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Long-Term Experience in a Patient With Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B.,Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in MEN2B syndrome is associated with germline 
6578,brain tumour,38709930,Simultaneous targeting of peripheral and brain tumors with a therapeutic nanoparticle to disrupt metabolic adaptability at both sites.,"Brain metastasis of advanced breast cancer often results in deleterious consequences. Metastases to the brain lead to significant challenges in treatment options, as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents conventional therapy. Thus, we hypothesized that creation of a nanoparticle (NP) that distributes to both primary tumor site and across the BBB for secondary brain tumor can be extremely beneficial. Here, we report a simple targeting strategy to attack both the primary breast and secondary brain tumors utilizing a single NP platform. The nature of these mitochondrion-targeted, BBB-penetrating NPs allow for simultaneous targeting and drug delivery to the hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane of the extracranial primary tumor site in addition to tumors at the brain. By utilizing a combination of such dual anatomical distributing NPs loaded with therapeutics, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept idea to combat the increased metabolic plasticity of brain metastases by lowering two major energy sources, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis. By utilizing complementary studies and genomic analyses, we demonstrate the utility of a chemotherapeutic prodrug to decrease OXPHOS and glycolysis by pairing with a NP loaded with pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 inhibitor. Decreasing glycolysis aims to combat the metabolic flexibility of both primary and secondary tumors for therapeutic outcome. We also address the in vivo safety parameters by addressing peripheral neuropathy and neurobehavior outcomes. Our results also demonstrate that this combination therapeutic approach utilizes mitochondrial genome targeting strategy to overcome DNA repair-based chemoresistance mechanisms."
6579,brain tumour,38709925,Cancer-stromal cell interactions in breast cancer brain metastases induce glycocalyx-mediated resistance to HER2-targeting therapies.,"Brain metastatic breast cancer is particularly lethal largely due to therapeutic resistance. Almost half of the patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer develop brain metastases, representing a major clinical challenge. We previously described that cancer-associated fibroblasts are an important source of resistance in primary tumors. Here, we report that breast cancer brain metastasis stromal cell interactions in 3D cocultures induce therapeutic resistance to HER2-targeting agents, particularly to the small molecule inhibitor of HER2/EGFR neratinib. We investigated the underlying mechanisms using a synthetic Notch reporter system enabling the sorting of cancer cells that directly interact with stromal cells. We identified mucins and bulky glycoprotein synthesis as top-up-regulated genes and pathways by comparing the gene expression and chromatin profiles of stroma-contact and no-contact cancer cells before and after neratinib treatment. Glycoprotein gene signatures were also enriched in human brain metastases compared to primary tumors. We confirmed increased glycocalyx surrounding cocultures by immunofluorescence and showed that mucinase treatment increased sensitivity to neratinib by enabling a more efficient inhibition of EGFR/HER2 signaling in cancer cells. Overexpression of truncated MUC1 lacking the intracellular domain as a model of increased glycocalyx-induced resistance to neratinib both in cell culture and in experimental brain metastases in immunodeficient mice. Our results highlight the importance of glycoproteins as a resistance mechanism to HER2-targeting therapies in breast cancer brain metastases."
6580,brain tumour,38709874,In Situ Sprayed Exosome-Cross-Linked Gel as Artificial Lymph Nodes for Postoperative Glioblastoma Immunotherapy.,"One key challenge in postoperative glioblastoma immunotherapy is to guarantee a potent and durable T-cell response, which is restricted by the immunosuppressive microenvironment within the lymph nodes (LNs). Here, we develop an in situ sprayed exosome-cross-linked gel that acts as an artificial LN structure to directly activate the tumor-infiltrating T cells for prevention of glioma recurrence. Briefly, this gel is generated by a bio-orthogonal reaction between azide-modified chimeric exosomes and alkyne-modified alginate polymers. Particularly, these chimeric exosomes are generated from dendritic cell (DC)-tumor hybrid cells, allowing for direct and robust T-cell activation. The gel structure with chimeric exosomes as cross-linking points avoids the quick clearance by the immune system and thus prolongs the durability of antitumor T-cell immunity. Importantly, this exosome-containing immunotherapeutic gel provides chances for ameliorating functions of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) through accommodating different intracellular-acting adjuvants, such as stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists. This further enhances the antitumor T-cell response, resulting in the almost complete elimination of residual lesions after surgery. Our findings provide a promising strategy for postsurgical glioma immunotherapy that warrants further exploration in the clinical arena."
6581,brain tumour,38709678,Emotions and cognition; a promising crossroad for brain tumor diagnosis and prevention.,"Cognitive and behavioral neuroscience is essential for understanding brain tumors and their effects. Researchers have realized that an important step is to start looking for cognitive impairment at the time of diagnosis to see what deficits the brain tumor has left the patient with. Then cognitive assessment should be made after the tumor has been removed to see how it changes. The aim of this study was to assess the current research on tumor diagnosis and prevention through a filter of emotion and cognition; and then look at what future steps need to be taken. This review reports what research has already been done and what research still needs to be accomplished, including addressing the need for more data on cognitive impairment while the brain tumor is active, in the literature."
6582,brain tumour,38709657,CBTRUS Statistical Report: American Brain Tumor Association & NCI Neuro-Oncology Branch Adolescent and Young Adult Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2016-2020.,"Recent analyses have shown that, whereas cancer survival overall has been improving, it has not improved for adolescents and young adults ages 15-39 years (AYA). The clinical care of AYA with primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors (BT) is complicated by the fact that the histopathologies of such tumors in AYA differ from their histopathologies in either children (ages 0-14 years) or older adults (ages 40+ years). The present report, as an update to a 2016 publication from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States and the American Brain Tumor Association, provides in-depth analyses of the epidemiology of primary BT in AYA in the United States and is the first to provide biomolecular marker-specific statistics and prevalence by histopathology for both primary malignant and non-malignant BT in AYA. Between 2016 and 2020, the annual average age-specific incidence rate (AASIR) of primary malignant and non-malignant BT in AYA was 12.00 per 100,000 population, an average of 12,848 newly diagnosed cases per year. During the same period, an average of 1,018 AYA deaths per year were caused by primary malignant BT, representing an annual average age-specific mortality rate of 0.96 per 100,000 population. When primary BT were categorized by histopathology, pituitary tumors were the most common (36.6%), with an AASIR of 4.34 per 100,000 population. Total incidence increased with age overall; when stratified by sex, the incidence was higher in females than males at all ages. Incidence rates for all primary BT combined and for non-malignant tumors only were highest for non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native individuals, whereas malignant tumors were more frequent in non-Hispanic White individuals, compared with other racial/ethnic groups. On the basis of histopathology, the most common molecularly defined tumor was diffuse glioma (an AASIR of 1.51 per 100,000). Primary malignant BT are the second most common cause of cancer death in the AYA population. Incidence rates of primary BT overall, as well as specific histopathologies, vary significantly by age. Accordingly, an accurate statistical assessment of primary BT in the AYA population is vital for better understanding the impact of these tumors on the US population and to serve as a reference for afflicted individuals, for researchers investigating new therapies, and for clinicians treating these patients."
6583,brain tumour,38709472,Microglia Suppresses Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis via a Pro-inflammatory Response.,No abstract found
6584,brain tumour,38709355,"Pharmaceutical equivalent 5-aminolevulinic acid fluorescence guided resection of central nervous system tumors: feasibility, safeness and cost-benefit considerations.","5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence-guided resection (FGR) has been an essential tool in the 'standard of care' of malignant gliomas. Over the last two decades, its indications have been extended to other neoplasms, such as metastases and meningiomas. However, its availability and cost-benefit still pose a challenge for widespread use. The present article reports a retrospective series of 707 cases of central nervous system (CNS) tumors submitted to FGR with pharmacological equivalent 5-ALA and discusses financial implications, feasibility and safeness."
6585,brain tumour,38709354,Use of complementary therapies and supportive measures of patients with intracranial gliomas-a prospective evaluation in an outpatient clinic.,"Patients with intracranial gliomas frequently seek for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), in addition to guideline-directed therapy. In this study, we therefore assessed patients' information needs regarding treatment and support, and evaluated their attitudes toward experimental trials and alternative therapies."
6586,brain tumour,38709258,Sporadic pediatric vestibular schwannoma: a case report in a 4-year-old boy.,"Sporadic vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are rare in children. When occurred in the pediatric population, they usually appear bilaterally and are related to neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). The current study reports a 4-year-old boy without family history of VS or NF2 who presented with a large (5.7-cm) VS involving the right cerebellopontine angle and internal auditory canal. Through seven-staged surgical interventions and two stereotactic γ‑knife radiosurgery, the disease was stabilized. At 2-year follow-up, the child had right ear hearing loss, grade IV facial palsy, and normal motor function and gait. No definite evidence of gene mutation regarding NF2 can be identified after sequence analysis and deletion/duplication testing. This case highlights the significance of considering the possibility of sporadic VSs, even in very young children. It emphasizes the importance of not overlooking initial symptoms, as they may indicate the presence of a large tumor and could potentially result in delayed diagnosis."
6587,brain tumour,38709257,Surgical treatment of pediatric low-grade glioma in developing countries.,"Pediatric low-grade gliomas constitute the most common brain tumors worldwide, though with some peculiarities in the presentation and surgical care in different parts of the world. The symptomatology in developing countries is likely to be over longer periods with a tendency to delayed diagnosis due to cultural, religious beliefs, manpower, and infrastructural deficits. Thus, the children present with large tumors with attendant morbidities and an increased risk of mortalities from surgery. Surgery is mainly by ""general"" neurosurgeons due to the paucity of trained pediatric neurosurgeons. The pre-operative imaging may be limited to anatomic MR imaging, and in some cases, CT scans, without expansive neuropsychological evaluation. The armamentarium available to the neurosurgeon may warrant large openings to access the tumor, and there may be limited possibility for intra-operative mapping of ""eloquent"" brain functions when this is deemed necessary. Complicating pre-operative acute hydrocephalus can result in two operations that further worsen the catastrophic spending associated with brain tumor surgeries in these climes. While these challenges appear daunting but certainly have not been enough to deter the ""can do"" spirit of neurosurgeons in developing countries, it is essential to strengthen the training of pediatric neurosurgeons in LMICs and provide a platform for the advocacy of better infrastructure for the surgical management of these tumors."
6588,brain tumour,38709059,Could Cerebral Inflammatory Lesions be the Cellular Origin of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma?,"Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) presents a diagnostic enigma due to the inherent absence of lymphoid tissue in the central nervous system (CNS). The hypothesis posits that lymphocytes infiltrating the CNS during inflammatory responses could represent a cellular source for PCNSL, challenging traditional understandings of its etiology."
6589,brain tumour,38708958,Reproducible preclinical models of androgen receptor driven human prostate cancer bone metastasis.,"Preclinical models recapitulating the metastatic phenotypes are essential for developing the next-generation therapies for metastatic prostate cancer (mPC). We aimed to establish a cohort of clinically relevant mPC models, particularly androgen receptor positive (AR"
6590,brain tumour,38708806,Nanoparticles for efficient drug delivery and drug resistance in glioma: New perspectives.,"Gliomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system, with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) having the highest incidence, and their therapeutic efficacy depends primarily on the extent of surgical resection and the efficacy of postoperative chemotherapy. The role of the intracranial blood-brain barrier and the occurrence of the drug-resistant gene O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase have greatly limited the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in patients with GBM and made it difficult to achieve the expected clinical response. In recent years, the rapid development of nanotechnology has brought new hope for the treatment of tumors. Nanoparticles (NPs) have shown great potential in tumor therapy due to their unique properties such as light, heat, electromagnetic effects, and passive targeting. Furthermore, NPs can effectively load chemotherapeutic drugs, significantly reduce the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, and improve chemotherapeutic efficacy, showing great potential in the chemotherapy of glioma. In this article, we reviewed the mechanisms of glioma drug resistance, the physicochemical properties of NPs, and recent advances in NPs in glioma chemotherapy resistance. We aimed to provide new perspectives on the clinical treatment of glioma."
6591,brain tumour,38708554,Diffuse infiltrating tumour with the molecular profile of an atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumour (AT/RT SHH-1B) in an adult patient.,"We describe a 46-year-old patient with an IDH-wildtype diffusely infiltrating atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour (AT/RT), SHH-1B molecular subtype. The unusual histology and subsequent diagnosis in an adult patient will be discussed."
6592,brain tumour,38708527,Temporal and regional expression changes and co-staining patterns of metabolic and stemness-related markers during glioblastoma progression.,"Glioblastomas (GBMs) are characterized by high heterogeneity, involving diverse cell types, including those with stem-like features contributing to GBM's malignancy. Moreover, metabolic alterations promote growth and therapeutic resistance of GBM. Depending on the metabolic state, antimetabolic treatments could be an effective strategy. Against this background, we investigated temporal and regional expression changes and co-staining patterns of selected metabolic markers [pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 1/2 (PKM1/2), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), monocarboxylate transporter 1/4 (MCT1/4)] in a rodent model and patient-derived samples of GBM. To understand the cellular sources of marker expression, we also examined the connection of metabolic markers to markers related to stemness [Nestin, Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4)] in a regional and temporal context. Rat tumour biopsies revealed a temporally increasing expression of GLUT1, higher expression of MCT1/4, Nestin and KLF4, and lower expression of PKM1 compared to the contralateral hemisphere. Patient-derived tumours showed a higher expression of PKM2 and Nestin in the tumour centre vs. edge. Whereas rare co-staining of GLUT1/Nestin was found in tumour biopsies, PKM1/2 and MCT1/4 showed a more distinct co-staining with Nestin in rats and humans. KLF4 was mainly co-stained with GLUT1, MCT1 and PKM1/2 in rat and human tumours. All metabolic markers yielded individual co-staining patterns among themselves. Co-staining mainly occurred later in tumour progression and was more pronounced in tumour centres. Also, positive correlations were found amongst markers that showed co-staining. Our results highlight a link between metabolic alterations and stemness in GBM progression, with complex distinctions depending on studied markers, time points and regions."
6593,brain tumour,38708366,Clinical phenotypes of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-related recurrent ,
6594,brain tumour,38707777,The importance of basic and translational research in caring for children with malignant solid tumors in Latin America.,"Basic and translational research in pediatric cancer are essential to improve patient care. To critically assess the developments achieved in these areas in Latin America, we systematically reviewed information published between 2013 and 2023."
6595,brain tumour,38707773,Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the orbit complicating the evolution of multiple myeloma in complete remission.,"Orbital plasmacytoma is rare and has only been reported in the context of the initial diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Moreover, isolated orbital plasmacytoma without any signs of multiple myeloma is extremely rare. We report the case of a 59-year-old female patient diagnosed with IgA Kappa multiple myeloma. It was stage I ISS (International Staging System) and stage I R-ISS (Revised ISS). According to the Tunisian national protocol, the patient was included in the standard-risk group and was eligible for four cycles of CTD (Cyclophosphamide, Thalidomide, Dexamethasone) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. Taking into account the partial response after the CTD cycles, the patient has benefited from two VTD cycles (Bortezomib, Thalidomide, Dexamethasone). Thus, complete remission was obtained. The patient refused autologous stem cell transplantation. Therefore, maintenance treatment based on Thalidomide only was started and received over a twelve-month period. Five months after the end of maintenance treatment, she reported frontal headaches that were resistant to symptomatic treatment, with ptosis in the right eye in physical examination. Brain MRI revealed the presence of a right cranio-orbital tissue mass with intra-orbital and extra-axial cerebral components. The mass measured 32/36 mm on axial sections and 47 mm in height. The patient underwent a complete resection of the cranio-orbital mass with cranioplasty. The histopathological examination of the mass with Immunohistochemistry staining confirmed the diagnosis of orbital plasmocytoma. An update of the multiple myeloma assessment did not reveal any biological, cytological or radiological signs in favor of multiple myeloma. Therefore the diagnosis of isolated orbital plasmacytoma without signs of multiple myeloma was made. Post-operative brain MRI showed complete disappearance of the right cranio-orbital tissue lesion. There was only a persistent meningeal enhancement of the dura mater at the surgical site, suggestive of post-operative changes. The patient was then referred for cranio-orbital radiotherapy."
6596,brain tumour,38707472,"The role of ST3GAL4 in glioma malignancy, macrophage infiltration, and prognostic outcomes.","Glioma, a prevalent malignancy of the brain and spinal cord, poses a considerable threat to human health. The association between aberrant sialic acid modification and glioma progression has been suggested, but the precise mechanism is still elusive. ST3GAL4, a sialoglycosyltransferase, is implicated in increased metastatic potential and poor prognosis in various cancers; however, its specific role in glioma requires further elucidation."
6597,brain tumour,38707398,Cedrol supplementation ameliorates memory deficits by regulating neuro-inflammation and cholinergic function in lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment in rats.,"Cedrol, a sesquiterpene alcohol, is found in a high amount in several conifers. It possess several beneficial health effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: This study evaluates the neuroprotective role of cedrol against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation and memory loss in rats."
6598,brain tumour,38707372,Establishment of glioma prognosis nomogram based on the function of meox1 in promoting the progression of cancer.,"Gliomas stand out as highly predominant malignant nervous tumors and are linked to adverse treatment outcomes and short survival periods. Current treatment options are limited, emphasizing the need to identify effective therapeutic targets. The heterogeneity of tumors necessitates a personalized treatment approach with an effective grouping system. Meox1 has been implicated in promoting tumor progression in diverse cancers; nonetheless, its role in gliomas remains unelucidated."
6599,brain tumour,38707355,Fractionated brain X-irradiation profoundly reduces hippocampal immature neuron numbers without affecting spontaneous behavior in mice.,"Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is used to improve tumor control in patients with primary brain tumors, or brain metastasis from various primary tumors to improve tumor control. However, WBRT can lead to cognitive decline in patients. We assessed whether fractionated WBRT (fWBRT) affects spontaneous behavior of mice in automated home cages and cognition (spatial memory) using the Barnes maze. Male C57Bl/6j mice received bi-lateral fWBRT at a dosage of 4 Gy/day on 5 consecutive days. In line with previous reports, immunohistochemical analysis of doublecortin positive cells in the dentate gyrus showed a profound reduction in immature neurons 4 weeks after fWBRT. Surprisingly, spontaneous behavior as measured in automated home cages was not affected. Moreover, learning and memory measured with Barnes maze, was also not affected 4-6 weeks after fWBRT. At 10-11 weeks after fWBRT a significant difference in escape latency during the learning phase, but not in the probe test of the Barnes maze was observed. In conclusion, although we confirmed the serious adverse effect of fWBRT on neurogenesis 4 weeks after fWBRT, we did not find similar profound effects on spontaneous behavior in the automated home cage nor on learning abilities as measured by the Barnes maze. The relationship between the neurobiological effects of fWBRT and cognition seems more complex than often assumed and the choice of animal model, cognitive tasks, neurobiological parameters, and experimental set-up might be important factors in these types of experiments."
6600,brain tumour,38707157,Talus Avascular Necrosis as a Rare Complication of Cushing's Disease: A Case Report.,"Avascular necrosis (AVN), also called osteonecrosis, stems from blood supply interruption to the bone and is often idiopathic. It has risk factors like trauma, alcohol, and corticosteroids. AVN in the talus (AVNT) is less common than in the femoral head. Most cases of talar osteonecrosis are associated with trauma, while a smaller proportion is linked to systemic conditions such as sickle cell disease or prolonged prednisone use. Glucocorticoids are a key nontraumatic cause. We report a middle-aged woman with Cushing's syndrome symptoms, such as hypertension and moon face, since her youth. A few years ago, she experienced pain and swelling in her ankle, which was diagnosed as atraumatic AVNT and treated with hindfoot fusion. Years later, she was diagnosed with Cushing's disease caused by an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing pituitary adenoma in laboratory tests and imaging, which was resected in 2020. She experienced significant weight loss, and her Cushing's syndrome symptoms were relieved after tumor resection. Mechanisms behind AVN in hypercortisolism involve fat cell hypertrophy, fat embolization, osteocyte apoptosis, and glucocorticoid-induced hypertension. Traditional X-rays may miss early AVN changes; MRI is preferred for early detection. Although there are some cases of femoral AVN caused by endogenous hypercortisolism in the literature, as far as we know, this is the first case of AVNT due to Cushing's disease. AVNT treatment includes conservative approaches, hindfoot fusion, and core decompression. Cushing's disease is a rare cause of AVNT, and a multidisciplinary approach aids in the rapid diagnosis of elusive symptoms."
6601,brain tumour,38707120,Proposal of an Alternative Near-Minimum Isodose Surface DV-0.01 cc Equally Minimizing Gross Tumor Volume Below the Relevant Dose as the Basis for Dose Prescription and Evaluation of Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases.,"Introduction In stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastasis (BM), the prescribed dose is generally reported as a minimum dose to cover a specific percentage (e.g. "
6602,brain tumour,38707088,Progressive Paraparesis and Spinal Glioblastoma in a Young Female.,"Glioblastoma, a primary brain tumor known for its adverse prognosis and aggressive nature, presents a significant challenge when occurring in the spinal cord. We report a case of a 20-year-old female with no prior medical history who developed progressive paraparesis and urinary retention, symptoms indicative of an intramedullary glioblastoma in the spinal cord. This case study delves into the clinical presentation, diagnostic process, and therapeutic interventions, highlighting the complexities encountered during the patient's treatment course. Despite the typically poor prognosis associated with glioblastoma, with an average survival rate of approximately 15 months post-diagnosis, our patient's initial response to adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy extended her survival to 34 months. However, tumor recurrence ultimately led to a decision against aggressive treatment, reflecting the challenges in managing this devastating condition. This case emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the care of spinal glioblastoma patients, ranging from neurosurgery, anesthesiology and intensive care, radiology, oncology, anatomic pathology and nuclear medicine, underscoring the complexity of the disease, while highlighting the urgent need for ongoing research and innovation in neuro-oncology to improve treatment outcomes. The use of modern treatment techniques, including the potential role of nanomaterials for drug delivery, suggests avenues for future research. This case report contributes to the scarce literature on spinal glioblastoma, advocating for detailed documentation of cases to enhance understanding and treatment strategies for this formidable disease."
6603,brain tumour,38706905,"MiR-760 exerts a critical regulatory role in glioma proliferation, migration, and invasion by modulating MMP2 expression.",
6604,brain tumour,38706730,Enhancing glioma-specific drug delivery through self-assembly of macrophage membrane and targeted polymer assisted by low-frequency ultrasound irradiation.,"The blood-brain Barrier (BBB), combined with immune clearance, contributes to the low efficacy of drug delivery and suboptimal treatment outcomes in glioma. Here, we propose a novel approach that combines the self-assembly of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophage membrane with a targeted positive charge polymer (An-PEI), along with low-frequency ultrasound (LFU) irradiation, to achieve efficient and safe therapy for glioma. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of a charge-induced self-assembly strategy, resulting in a stable co-delivery nanosystem with a high drug loading efficiency of 44.2 %. Moreover, this structure triggers a significant release of temozolomide in the acidic environment of the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, the macrophage membrane coating expresses Spyproteins, which increase the amount of An-BMP-TMZ that can evade the immune system by 40 %, while LFU irradiation treatment facilitates the opening of the BBB, allowing for enormously increased entry of An-BMP-TMZ (approximately 400 %) into the brain. Furthermore, after crossing the BBB, the Angiopep-2 peptide-modified An-BMP-TMZ exhibits the ability to selectively target glioma cells. These advantages result in an obvious tumor inhibition effect in animal experiments and significantly improve the survival of glioma-bearing mice. These results suggest that combining the macrophage membrane-coated drug delivery system with LFU irradiation offers a feasible approach for the accurate, efficient and safe treatment of brain disease."
6605,brain tumour,38706703,Editorial: Recent advances in pediatric craniopharyngioma.,No abstract found
6606,brain tumour,38706237,The effect of somatic mutations in mitochondrial DNA on the survival of patients with primary brain tumors.,"To assess the presence of mitochondrial (mt) DNA somatic mutations, determine the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and mutations, and assess the survival outcomes in Malay patients with primary brain tumors."
6607,brain tumour,38706008,Laminin-associated integrins mediate Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma infiltration and therapy response within a neural assembloid model.,"Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) is a highly aggressive and fatal pediatric brain cancer. One pre-requisite for tumor cells to infiltrate is adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) components. However, it remains largely unknown which ECM proteins are critical in enabling DIPG adhesion and migration and which integrin receptors mediate these processes. Here, we identify laminin as a key ECM protein that supports robust DIPG cell adhesion and migration. To study DIPG infiltration, we developed a DIPG-neural assembloid model, which is composed of a DIPG spheroid fused to a human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural organoid. Using this assembloid model, we demonstrate that knockdown of laminin-associated integrins significantly impedes DIPG infiltration. Moreover, laminin-associated integrin knockdown improves DIPG response to radiation and HDAC inhibitor treatment within the DIPG-neural assembloids. These findings reveal the critical role of laminin-associated integrins in mediating DIPG progression and drug response. The results also provide evidence that disrupting integrin receptors may offer a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance DIPG treatment outcomes. Finally, these results establish DIPG-neural assembloid models as a powerful tool to study DIPG disease progression and enable drug discovery."
6608,brain tumour,38705991,The learning curve in endoscopic transsphenoidal skull-base surgery: a systematic review.,"The endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETA) has revolutionized skull-base surgery; however, it is associated with a steep learning curve (LC), necessitating additional attention from surgeons to ensure patient safety and surgical efficacy. The current literature is constrained by the small sample sizes of studies and their observational nature. This systematic review aims to evaluate the literature and identify strengths and weaknesses related to the assessment of EETA-LC."
6609,brain tumour,38705944,Fibrillar extracellular matrix produced by pericyte-like cells facilitates glioma cell dissemination.,"Gliomagenesis induces profound changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the brain. In this study, we identified a cellular population responsible for the increased deposition of collagen I and fibronectin in glioblastoma. Elevated levels of the fibrillar proteins collagen I and fibronectin were associated with the expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP), which is predominantly found in pericyte-like cells in glioblastoma. FAP+ pericyte-like cells were present in regions rich in collagen I and fibronectin in biopsy material and produced substantially more collagen I and fibronectin in vitro compared to other cell types found in the GBM microenvironment. Using mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that 3D matrices produced by FAP+ pericyte-like cells are rich in collagen I and fibronectin and contain several basement membrane proteins. This expression pattern differed markedly from glioma cells. Finally, we have shown that ECM produced by FAP+ pericyte-like cells enhances the migration of glioma cells including glioma stem-like cells, promotes their adhesion, and activates focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling. Taken together, our findings establish FAP+ pericyte-like cells as crucial producers of a complex ECM rich in collagen I and fibronectin, facilitating the dissemination of glioma cells through FAK activation."
6610,brain tumour,38705835,Completion of Pembrolizumab in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-Real World Outcomes After Two Years of Therapy (COPILOT).,Seminal trials with first-line pembrolizumab for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) mandated a maximum two-years treatment. We describe real-world outcomes of a multi-site Australian cohort of patients who completed two-years of pembrolizumab.
6611,brain tumour,38705393,"STAG2 mutations regulate 3D genome organization, chromatin loops, and Polycomb signaling in glioblastoma multiforme.","Inactivating mutations of genes encoding the cohesin complex are common in a wide range of human cancers. STAG2 is the most commonly mutated subunit. Here we report the impact of stable correction of endogenous, naturally occurring STAG2 mutations on gene expression, 3D genome organization, chromatin loops, and Polycomb signaling in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). In two GBM cell lines, correction of their STAG2 mutations significantly altered the expression of ∼10% of all expressed genes. Virtually all the most highly regulated genes were negatively regulated by STAG2 (i.e., expressed higher in STAG2-mutant cells), and one of them-HEPH-was regulated by STAG2 in uncultured GBM tumors as well. While STAG2 correction had little effect on large-scale features of 3D genome organization (A/B compartments, TADs), STAG2 correction did alter thousands of individual chromatin loops, some of which controlled the expression of adjacent genes. Loops specific to STAG2-mutant cells, which were regulated by STAG1-containing cohesin complexes, were very large, supporting prior findings that STAG1-containing cohesin complexes have greater loop extrusion processivity than STAG2-containing cohesin complexes and suggesting that long loops may be a general feature of STAG2-mutant cancers. Finally, STAG2 mutation activated Polycomb activity leading to increased H3K27me3 marks, identifying Polycomb signaling as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in STAG2-mutant GBM tumors. Together, these findings illuminate the landscape of STAG2-regulated genes, A/B compartments, chromatin loops, and pathways in GBM, providing important clues into the largely still unknown mechanism of STAG2 tumor suppression."
6612,brain tumour,38705270,Exoscopic Retrosigmoid Approach for an Anteromedial Tentorial Meningioma: 2D Operative Video.,"We present a 2-dimensional operative video (Video 1) of a suboccipital retrosigmoid approach for an anteromedial tentorial meningioma with a specific focus on the use of a surgical exoscope. The patient is a 50-year-old woman who presented to emergency room with a 6-month history of nausea, dizziness, and gait imbalance secondary to a 2.5-cm homogenously enhancing mass originating from the anteromedial tentorium on the right side with associated brainstem compression. Retrosigmoid craniotomy was selected due to the favorable surgical corridor for resection and lower risk of cerebrospinal fluid leak, hearing loss, and seizures compared with other approaches."
6613,brain tumour,38705073,Dual-ligand Eu-MOF/CuS@Au Heterostructure Array-based ECL Sensor for MiRNA-128 Detection in Glioblastoma Tissues.,"In this work, the dual-ligand lanthanide metal-organic framework (MOF)-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor was constructed for the detection of miRNA-128 in glioblastoma (GBM) diagnosis. The luminescent Eu-MOF (EuBBN) was synthesized with terephthalic acid (BDC) and 2-amino terephthalic acid (BDC-NH"
6614,brain tumour,32644380,Glioblastoma Multiforme,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) comprises glioma's most malignant and pervasive subtype. GBM is the most common primary brain tumor in adults, accounting for 45.2% of primary malignant brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows poorly circumscribed marginal enhancement. Central hypointensity in T1 due to necrosis and peripheral hyperintensities in T2/FLAIR sequences due to edema are salient MRI features. MR spectroscopy has a choline peak. The definitive diagnosis is made through a histopathological examination that reveals poorly differentiated pleomorphic cells with predominant astrocytic differentiation. High mitotic activity, microvascular proliferation, and necrosis are hallmark features of GBM. GBM also shows glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, and S100 positivity with varying Ki-67 indices. Testing is also recommended for the presence or absence of GFAP, "
6615,brain tumour,38704558,Intracranial residual lesions following early intensification in a patient with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report.,"T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) tends to involve central nervous system (CNS) infiltration at diagnosis. However, cases of residual CNS lesions detected at the end of induction and post early intensification have not been recorded in patients with T-ALL. Also, the ratio and prognosis of patients with residual intracranial lesions have not been defined."
6616,brain tumour,38704493,"Low-grade glioma in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: surveillance, treatment indications, management, and future directions.","Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by the development of both central and peripheral nervous system tumors. Low-grade glioma (LGG) is the most prevalent central nervous system tumor occurring in children with NF1, arising most frequently within the optic pathway, followed by the brainstem. Historically, treatment of NF1-LGG has been limited to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy and surgery. Despite treatment with chemotherapy, a subset of children with NF1-LGG fail initial therapy, have a continued decline in function, or recur. The recent development of several preclinical models has allowed for the identification of novel, molecularly targeted therapies. At present, exploration of these novel precision-based therapies is ongoing in the preclinical setting and through larger, collaborative clinical trials. Herein, we review the approach to surveillance and management of NF1-LGG in children and discuss upcoming novel therapies and treatment protocols."
6617,brain tumour,38704144,An Evaluation of Risk Factors for Intracranial Metastases of Sarcomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.,"Sarcomas, a group of neoplasms comprising both tissue and bone soft tissue tumors, has an increasing prevalence in recent years. Prognosis significantly hinges on early detection, and if not detected early, may consequently metastasize. This review will be the first systematic review and meta-analysis characterizing the presentation and progression of brain metastases from bone and soft tissue cancers."
6618,brain tumour,38704143,Surgical Management of Brain Metastasis from Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Single-Center Experience.,"Brain metastases from esophageal cancer (BMEC) are rare and aggressive, with limited literature on optimal treatment modalities and a standard of care yet to be established. The objective of this study was to systematically review existing literature and perform a retrospective analysis of our institution's patients to evaluate the influence of different treatment modalities on patient outcomes."
6619,brain tumour,38704142,The Effect of Hydrocephalus on the Optic Nerve in the Presence of Intracranial Mass.,"The measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter is a noninvasive, practical, and economical method used to identify increased intracranial pressure. The purpose of this study is to detect the preoperative and postoperative changes in optic nerve sheath diameter in patients with intracranial mass, to correlate these changes with optic nerve diameter variations, and to evaluate the impact of hydrocephalus on these alterations."
6620,brain tumour,38704025,An Update on H3K27M-altered Diffuse Midline Glioma: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in Clinical Practice.,"H3K27-altered diffuse midline glioma (DMG H3K27-altered) is a relatively newly-designated WHO entity which primarily affects the midline structures of the central nervous system (CNS), including the brainstem (predominantly pontine region), thalamus, midbrain, or spinal cord, and primarily affects children and young adults. Despite the proximity of these tumors to eloquent areas in the CNS, novel stereotactic approaches have facilitated the ability to obtain tissue diagnoses without significant morbidity, providing molecular diagnostic information in more than half of patients. Conventionally fractionated radiation therapy to a total dose of 54-60 Gy in 27-30 fractions and 24 Gy in 12 fractions play a crucial role in the definitive treatment of these tumors in the primary and salvage settings, respectively. Hypofractionated regimens may allow for accelerated treatment courses in selected patients without jeopardizing disease control or survival. The decision to add concurrent or adjuvant systemic therapy mainly relies on the physicians' experience without solid evidence in the literature in favor of any particular regimen. Recently, novel agents, such as ONC201 have demonstrated promising oncologic outcomes in progressive/recurrent tumors and are currently under investigation in ongoing randomized trials. Given the scarcity of data and well-established guidelines due to the rare nature of the disease, we provide a contemporary overview on the molecular underpinnings of this disease entity, describe the role of radiotherapy and systemic therapy, and present practice management principles based on the published literature."
6621,brain tumour,38703775,Glucose-driven histone lactylation promotes the immunosuppressive activity of monocyte-derived macrophages in glioblastoma.,"Immunosuppressive macrophages restrict anti-cancer immunity in glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we studied the contribution of microglia (MGs) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) to immunosuppression and mechanisms underlying their regulatory function. MDMs outnumbered MGs at late tumor stages and suppressed T cell activity. Molecular and functional analysis identified a population of glycolytic MDM expressing GLUT1 with potent immunosuppressive activity. GBM-derived factors promoted high glycolysis, lactate, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) production in MDMs. Inhibition of glycolysis or lactate production in MDMs impaired IL-10 expression and T cell suppression. Mechanistically, intracellular lactate-driven histone lactylation promoted IL-10 expression, which was required to suppress T cell activity. GLUT1 expression on MDMs was induced downstream of tumor-derived factors that activated the PERK-ATF4 axis. PERK deletion in MDM abrogated histone lactylation, led to the accumulation of intratumoral T cells and tumor growth delay, and, in combination with immunotherapy, blocked GBM progression. Thus, PERK-driven glucose metabolism promotes MDM immunosuppressive activity via histone lactylation."
6622,brain tumour,38703765,Genetic variants for head size share genes and pathways with cancer.,"The size of the human head is highly heritable, but genetic drivers of its variation within the general population remain unmapped. We perform a genome-wide association study on head size (N = 80,890) and identify 67 genetic loci, of which 50 are novel. Neuroimaging studies show that 17 variants affect specific brain areas, but most have widespread effects. Gene set enrichment is observed for various cancers and the p53, Wnt, and ErbB signaling pathways. Genes harboring lead variants are enriched for macrocephaly syndrome genes (37-fold) and high-fidelity cancer genes (9-fold), which is not seen for human height variants. Head size variants are also near genes preferentially expressed in intermediate progenitor cells, neural cells linked to evolutionary brain expansion. Our results indicate that genes regulating early brain and cranial growth incline to neoplasia later in life, irrespective of height. This warrants investigation of clinical implications of the link between head size and cancer."
6623,brain tumour,38703562,Effects of antidepressant and antipsychotic medication on peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration: Systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important regulatory protein in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Several studies have reported the relationship between peripheral BDNF concentrations and the use of psychoactive drugs. However, the results remain controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of psychoactive drugs on BDNF concentrations and to explore the association between changes in BDNF concentrations and improvements in clinical scores. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Six electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Science Direct, were searched. Changes in BDNF concentrations were compared before and after psychoactive treatment, using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI). Twenty-three studies were included. A significant increase in serum BDNF concentrations was observed after treatment with antipsychotics (SMD=0.43; 95 %CI: 0.26, 0.60) and antidepressants (SMD=0.49; 95 %CI: 0.23, 0.74). However, the plasma BDNF concentration was not affected by antidepressant and antipsychotic medication. Although an improvement in clinical scores was observed after treatment, no significant association was observed between changes in BDNF concentrations and the changes in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores. In conclusion, antidepressants and antipsychotics increase serum BDNF concentrations."
6624,brain tumour,38703547,Crosstalk of different cell-death patterns predicts prognosis and drug sensitivity in glioma.,"Glioma is a malignant brain tumor originating from glial cells, and there still a challenge to accurately predict the prognosis. Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a key role in tumorigenesis and immune response. However, the crosstalk and potential role of various PCDs in prognosis and tumor microenvironment remains unknown. Therefore, we comprehensively discussed the relationship between different models of PCD and the prognosis of glioma and provided new ideas for the optimal targeted therapy of glioma."
6625,brain tumour,38703473,Anatomical analysis of white fiber tracts in SMA and its implications related to en-masse tumor resection technique.,Anatomy and connections of the supplementary motor area (SMA) are studied essentially to analyze the SMA syndrome. Experience with surgical treatment of 19 tumors located in SMA is analyzed.
6626,brain tumour,38703431,Incidence and outcome of brain and/or leptomeningeal metastases in HER2-low metastatic breast cancer in the French ESME cohort.,"Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer that metastasizes to the brain. Particularly up to half of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer (mBC) may develop brain metastases over the course of the disease. Nevertheless, little is known about the prevalence and the outcome of brain and leptomeningeal metastases (BLMM) in HER2-low BC. We compared the cumulative incidence of BLMM and associated outcomes among patients with HER2-low, HER2-negative (HER2-) and HER2+ mBC."
6627,brain tumour,38703351,The development of brain metastases in patients with different therapeutic strategies for metastatic renal cell cancer.,"A diagnosis of brain metastasis (BM) significantly affects quality of life in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC). Although systemic treatments have shown efficacy in mRCC, active surveillance (AS) is still commonly used in clinical practice. In this single-center cohort study, we assessed the impact of different initial treatment strategies for metastatic RCC (mRCC) on the development of BM. All consecutive patients diagnosed with mRCC between 2011 and 2022 were included at the Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, the Netherlands, and a subgroup of patients with BM was selected. In total, 381 patients with mRCC (ECM, BM, or both) were identified. Forty-six patients had BM of whom 39 had metachronous BM (diagnosed ≥1 month after ECM). Twenty-five (64.1%) of these 39 patients with metachronous BM had received prior systemic treatment for ECM and 14 (35.9%) patients were treatment naive at BM diagnosis. The median BM-free survival since ECM diagnosis was significantly longer (p = .02) in previously treated patients (29.0 [IQR 12.6-57.0] months) compared to treatment naive patients (6.8 [IQR 1.0-7.0] months). In conclusion, patients with mRCC who received systemic treatment for ECM prior to BM diagnosis had a longer BM-free survival as compared to treatment naïve patients. These results emphasize the need for careful evaluation of treatment strategies, and especially AS, for patients with mRCC."
6628,brain tumour,38703343,"Neuroprotective Role of Selenium Nanoparticles Against Behavioral, Neurobiochemical and Histological Alterations in Rats Subjected to Chronic Restraint Stress.","Chronic stress induces changes in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) showed promising results in several neurological animal models. The implementation of SeNPs in chronic restraint stress (CRS) remains to be elucidated. This study was done to determine the possible protective effects of selenium nanoparticles on behavioral changes and brain oxidative stress markers in a rat model of CRS. 50 rats were divided into three groups; control group (n = 10), untreated CRS group (n = 10) and CRS-SeNPs treated group (n = 30). Restraint stress was performed 6 h./day for 21 days. Rats of CRS-SeNPs treated group received 1, 2.5 or 5 mg/kg SeNPs (10 rats each) by oral gavage for 21 days. Rats were subjected to behavioral assessments and then sacrificed for biochemical and histological analysis of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Prefrontal cortical and hippocampal serotonin levels, oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and caspase-3 were assessed. Accordingly, different doses of SeNPs showed variable effectiveness in ameliorating disease parameters, with 2.5 mg/kg dose of SeNPs showing the best improving results in all studied parameters. The present study exhibited the neuroprotective role of SeNPs in rats subjected to CRS and proposed their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects as the possible mechanism for increased prefrontal cortical and hippocampal serotonin level, ameliorated anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors and improved prefrontal cortical and hippocampal histological architecture."
6629,brain tumour,38703297,Radiation nanomedicines for cancer treatment: a scientific journey and view of the landscape.,Radiation nanomedicines are nanoparticles labeled with radionuclides that emit α- or β-particles or Auger electrons for cancer treatment. We describe here our 15 years scientific journey studying locally-administered radiation nanomedicines for cancer treatment. We further present a view of the radiation nanomedicine landscape by reviewing research reported by other groups.
6630,brain tumour,38703239,The telovelar approach for fourth ventricular tumors in children: is removal of the posterior arch of C1 necessary?,"Various surgical nuances of the telovelar approach have been suggested. The necessity of removing the posterior arch of C1 to accomplish optimal tumor exposure is still debated. Therefore, we report on our experience and technical details of the fourth ventricular tumor resection in a modified prone position without systematic removal of the posterior arch of C1."
6631,brain tumour,38703238,Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) for pediatric low-grade glioma-case presentations and lessons learned.,"The surgical treatment of brain tumors has developed over time, offering customized strategies for patients and their specific lesions. One of the most recent advances in pediatric neuro-oncological surgery is laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT). However, its effectiveness and indications are still being evaluated. The aim of this work is to review the current literature on LITT for pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) and evaluate our initial results in this context."
6632,brain tumour,38703015,Primary central nervous system lymphoma: Imaging features and differential diagnosis.,"Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) represents 5% of malignant primary brain tumors. The clinical presentation typically includes focal neurological symptoms, increased intracranial pressure, seizures, and psychiatric symptoms. Although histological examination remains the gold standard for diagnostic confirmation, non-invasive imaging plays a crucial role for the diagnosis. In immunocompetent individuals, PCNSL usually appears as a single, well-defined, supratentorial lesion with a predilection for periventricular areas, iso- or hypointense on T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, with restricted diffusion, slightly increased perfusion, and homogenous gadolinium-enhancement. Differential diagnoses include high-grade glioma and pseudotumoral demyelinating disease. In immunocompromised patients, PCNSL may present as multiple lesions, with a higher likelihood of hemorrhage and necrosis and less restricted diffusion than immunocompetent individuals. Differential diagnoses include neurotoxoplasmosis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and cerebral abscess. Atypical forms of lymphoma are characterized by extra-axial lymphoma, lymphomatosis cerebri, and intravascular lymphoma. Extra-axial lymphoma presents as single or multiple extra-axial dural lesions with diffuse leptomeningeal contrast-enhancement. Lymphomatosis cerebri appears as an infiltrative and symmetric lesion, primarily affecting deep white matter and basal ganglia, appearing hyperintense on T2-weighted imaging, without significant contrast-enhancement or perfusion changes. Intravascular lymphoma presents as multiple rounded or oval-shaped ""infarct-like"" lesions, located cortically or subcortically. This study aims to highlight the imaging characteristics of PCNSL, focusing on magnetic resonance imaging and its differential diagnosis."
6633,brain tumour,38702989,Gedunin modulates cellular growth and apoptosis in glioblastoma cell lines.,"Glioblastomas are characterized by aggressive behavior. Surgery, radiotherapy, and alkylating agents, including temozolomide are the most common treatment options for glioblastoma. Often, conventional therapies fail to treat these tumors since they develop drug resistance. There is a need for newer agents to combat this deadly tumor. Natural products such as gedunin have shown efficacy in several human diseases. A comprehensive study of gedunin, an heat shock protein (HSP)90 inhibitor, has not been thoroughly investigated in glioblastoma cell lines with different genetic modifications."
6634,brain tumour,38702966,Radioligand therapies in meningioma - evidence and future directions.,"Meningiomas are the most common intracranial neoplasms in adults. While most meningiomas are cured by resection, further treatment by radiotherapy may be needed, particularly in WHO grade 2 and 3 tumors which have an increased risk of recurrence, even after conventional therapies. Still, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies after exhaustion of local treatment approaches. Radionuclide therapies combine the specificity of tumor-specific antibodies or ligands with the cytotoxic activity of radioactive emitters. Alongside, integrated molecular imaging allows for a non-invasive assessment of predictive biomarkers as treatment targets. Whereas the concept of ""theranostics"" has initially evolved in extracranial tumors such as thyroid diseases, neuroendocrine tumors, and prostate cancer, data from retrospective case series and early phase trials underscore the potential of this strategy in meningioma. This review aims to explore the available evidence of radionuclide treatments and ongoing clinical trial initiatives in meningioma. Moreover, we discuss optimal clinical trial design and future perspectives in the field, including compound- and host-specific determinants of the efficacy of ""theranostic"" treatment approaches."
6635,brain tumour,38702933,Plasma exosomes impair microglial degradation of α-synuclein through V-ATPase subunit V1G1.,"Microglia are the main phagocytes in the brain and can induce neuroinflammation. Moreover, they are critical to alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation and propagation. Plasma exosomes derived from patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD-exo) reportedly evoked α-syn aggregation and inflammation in microglia. In turn, microglia internalized and released exosomal α-syn, enhancing α-syn propagation. However, the specific mechanism through which PD-exo influences α-syn degradation remains unknown."
6636,brain tumour,38702897,Antibody-positive autoimmune encephalitis and paraneoplastic neurological syndrome: A Swedish case series.,This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics and temporal disease course of patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) in Sweden.
6637,brain tumour,38702895,"Melatonin improves maternal sleep deprivation-induced learning and memory impairment, inflammation, and synaptic dysfunction in murine male adult offspring.","Maternal sleep deprivation (MSD), which induces inflammation and synaptic dysfunction in the hippocampus, has been associated with learning and memory impairment in offspring. Melatonin (Mel) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective function. However, the beneficial effect of Mel on MSD-induced cognitive impairment and its mechanisms are unknown."
6638,brain tumour,38702887,Chandipura viral glycoprotein (CNV-G) promotes Gectosome generation and enables delivery of intracellular therapeutics.,"Overexpression of vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSV-G) elevates the secretion of EVs known as gectosomes, which contain VSV-G. Such vesicles can be engineered to deliver therapeutic macromolecules. We investigated viral glycoproteins from several viruses for their potential in gectosome production and intracellular cargo delivery. Expression of the viral glycoprotein (viral glycoprotein from the Chandipura virus [CNV-G]) from the human neurotropic pathogen Chandipura virus in 293T cells significantly augments the production of CNV-G-containing gectosomes. In comparison with VSV-G gectosomes, CNV-G gectosomes exhibit heightened selectivity toward specific cell types, including primary cells and tumor cell lines. Consistent with the differential tropism between CNV-G and VSV-G gectosomes, cellular entry of CNV-G gectosome is independent of the Low-density lipoprotein receptor, which is essential for VSV-G entry, and shows varying sensitivity to pharmacological modulators. CNV-G gectosomes efficiently deliver diverse intracellular cargos for genomic modification or responses to stimuli in vitro and in the brain of mice in vivo utilizing a split GFP and chemical-induced dimerization system. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution analyses support CNV-G gectosomes as a versatile platform for delivering macromolecular therapeutics intracellularly."
6639,brain tumour,38702818,VEGFR2 blockade inhibits glioblastoma cell proliferation by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis.,"Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain tumor linked to significant angiogenesis and poor prognosis. Anti-angiogenic therapies with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) inhibition have been investigated as an alternative glioblastoma treatment. However, little is known about the effect of VEGFR2 blockade on glioblastoma cells per se."
6640,brain tumour,38702613,Structural- and DTI- MRI enable automated prediction of IDH Mutation Status in CNS WHO Grade 2-4 glioma patients: a deep Radiomics Approach.,"The role of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status for glioma stratification and prognosis is established. While structural magnetic resonance image (MRI) is a promising biomarker, it may not be sufficient for non-invasive characterisation of IDH mutation status. We investigated the diagnostic value of combined diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and structural MRI enhanced by a deep radiomics approach based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and support vector machine (SVM), to determine the IDH mutation status in Central Nervous System World Health Organization (CNS WHO) grade 2-4 gliomas."
6641,brain tumour,38702569,"Treatment, healthcare utilization and outcomes in patients with glioblastoma in Ontario: a 10-year cohort study.","Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumour in adults. Receipt of adjuvant therapies has been shown to exert a significant positive effect on patient survival. Little is known however about how changes in standards of care and healthcare system factors, such as access, affect real-world outcomes. In this study, we provide an overview of GBM in Ontario and examine elements of care, including treatment patterns, healthcare utilization, and overall survival, from 2010 to 2019, to interpret the impact of the changes in practice standards and expansion of the care network within this period."
6642,brain tumour,38702518,The role of focused ultrasound for pediatric brain tumors: current insights and future implications on treatment strategies.,"Focused ultrasound (FUS) is an innovative and emerging technology for the treatment of adult and pediatric brain tumors and illustrates the intersection of various specialized fields, including neurosurgery, neuro-oncology, radiation oncology, and biomedical engineering."
6643,brain tumour,38702509,HER2-targeting CAR-T cells show highly efficient anti-tumor activity against glioblastoma both in vitro and in vivo.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Current treatment options for GBM include surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy, which predominantly slow cancer growth and reduce symptoms, resulting in a 5-year survival rate of no more than 10%. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a new class of cellular immunotherapy that has made great progress in treating malignant tumors. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in GBM and may provide a potential therapeutic target for GBM treatment. In this study, we constructed third-generation CAR-T cells targeting the HER2 antigen in GBM. HER2-CAR-T cells showed effective anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, HER2-specific CAR-T cells exhibited strong cytotoxicity and cytokine-secreting abilities against GBM cells in vitro. Anti-HER2 CAR-T cells also exhibited increased cytotoxicity with increasing effector-to-target ratios. Anti-HER2 CAR-T cells delivered via peritumoral injection successfully stunted tumor progression in vivo. Moreover, peritumoral intravenous administration of anti-HER2 CAR-T cells resulted in therapeutic improvement against GBM cells compared with intravenous administration. In conclusion, our study shows that HER2 CAR-T cells represent an emerging immunotherapy for treating GBM."
6644,brain tumour,38702333,Cancer incidence and digital information seeking in Germany: a retrospective observational study.,"Awareness is vital for cancer prevention. US studies show a strong link between web searches and cancer incidence. In Europe, the relationship remains unclear. This study characterizes regional and temporal relationships between cancer incidence and web searches and investigates the content of searches related to breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, prostate, and testicular cancer, brain tumors, and melanoma in Germany (July 2018-December 2019). Aggregate data from Google Ads Keyword Planner and national cancer registry data were analyzed. Spearman's correlation coefficient (r"
6645,brain tumour,38702309,Discovery of immunotherapy targets for pediatric solid and brain tumors by exon-level expression.,"Immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor T cells for pediatric solid and brain tumors is constrained by available targetable antigens. Cancer-specific exons present a promising reservoir of targets; however, these have not been explored and validated systematically in a pan-cancer fashion. To identify cancer specific exon targets, here we analyze 1532 RNA-seq datasets from 16 types of pediatric solid and brain tumors for comparison with normal tissues using a newly developed workflow. We find 2933 exons in 157 genes encoding proteins of the surfaceome or matrisome with high cancer specificity either at the gene (n = 148) or the alternatively spliced isoform (n = 9) level. Expression of selected alternatively spliced targets, including the EDB domain of fibronectin 1, and gene targets, such as COL11A1, are validated in pediatric patient derived xenograft tumors. We generate T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors specific for the EDB domain or COL11A1 and demonstrate that these have antitumor activity. The full target list, explorable via an interactive web portal ( https://cseminer.stjude.org/ ), provides a rich resource for developing immunotherapy of pediatric solid and brain tumors using gene or AS targets with high expression specificity in cancer."
6646,brain tumour,38702134,Antiangiogenic Variant of TSP-1 Targets Tumor Cells in Glioblastomas.,No abstract found
6647,brain tumour,38701957,AS1411 binds to nucleolin via its parallel structure and disrupts the exos-miRNA-27a-mediated reciprocal activation loop between glioma and astrocytes.,"The interaction between glioma cells and astrocytes promotes the proliferation of gliomas. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) carried by astrocyte exosomes (exos) may be involved in this process, but the mechanism remains unclear. The oligonucleotide AS1411, which consists of 26 bases and has a G-quadruplex structure, is an aptamer that targets nucleolin. In this study, we demonstrate exosome-miRNA-27a-mediated cross-activation between astrocytes and glioblastoma and show that AS1411 reduces astrocytes' pro-glioma activity. The enhanced affinity of AS1411 toward nucleolin is attributed to its G-quadruplex structure. After binding to nucleolin, AS1411 inhibits the entry of the NF-κB pathway transcription factor P65 into the nucleus, then downregulates the expression of miRNA-27a in astrocytes surrounding gliomas. Then, AS1411 downregulates astrocyte exosome-miRNA-27a and upregulates the expression of INPP4B, the target gene of miRNA-27a in gliomas, thereby inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway and inhibiting glioma proliferation. These results were verified in mouse orthotopic glioma xenografts and human glioma samples. In conclusion, the parallel structure of AS1411 allows it to bind to nucleolin and disrupt the exosome-miRNA-27a-mediated reciprocal activation loop between glioma cells and astrocytes. Our results may help in the development of a novel approach to therapeutic modulation of the glioma microenvironment."
6648,brain tumour,38701940,Edaravone dexborneol regulates γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase in rats with acute intracerebral hemorrhage.,"Edaravone dexborneol is neuroprotective against ischemic stroke, with free radical-scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects, but its effects in hemorrhagic stroke remain unclear. We evaluated whether edaravone dexborneol has a neuroprotective effect in intracerebral hemorrhage, and its underlying mechanisms."
6649,brain tumour,38701520,Development of moyamoya arteriopathy following treatment of intracranial tumors: clinical and radiographic characterization.,"Moyamoya arteriopathy can develop in patients with brain tumors, particularly when associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) or cranial irradiation. The present study aimed to analyze the clinical outcomes of moyamoya after brain tumor treatment and elucidate the effect of revascularization on brain tumors."
6650,brain tumour,38701517,Microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography for in vivo human brain tumor detection with artificial intelligence.,"It has been shown that optical coherence tomography (OCT) can identify brain tumor tissue and potentially be used for intraoperative margin diagnostics. However, there is limited evidence on its use in human in vivo settings, particularly in terms of its applicability and accuracy of residual brain tumor detection (RTD). For this reason, a microscope-integrated OCT system was examined to determine in vivo feasibility of RTD after resection with automated scan analysis."
6651,brain tumour,38701414,Metabolic models predict fotemustine and the combination of eflornithine/rifamycin and adapalene/cannabidiol for the treatment of gliomas.,"Gliomas are the most common type of malignant brain tumors, with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) having a median survival of 15 months due to drug resistance and relapse. The treatment of gliomas relies on surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Only 12 anti-brain tumor chemotherapies (AntiBCs), mostly alkylating agents, have been approved so far. Glioma subtype-specific metabolic models were reconstructed to simulate metabolite exchanges, in silico knockouts and the prediction of drug and drug combinations for all three subtypes. The simulations were confronted with literature, high-throughput screenings (HTSs), xenograft and clinical trial data to validate the workflow and further prioritize the drug candidates. The three subtype models accurately displayed different degrees of dependencies toward glutamine and glutamate. Furthermore, 33 single drugs, mainly antimetabolites and TXNRD1-inhibitors, as well as 17 drug combinations were predicted as potential candidates for gliomas. Half of these drug candidates have been previously tested in HTSs. Half of the tested drug candidates reduce proliferation in cell lines and two-thirds in xenografts. Most combinations were predicted to be efficient for all three glioma types. However, eflornithine/rifamycin and cannabidiol/adapalene were predicted specifically for GBM and low-grade glioma, respectively. Most drug candidates had comparable efficiency in preclinical tests, cerebrospinal fluid bioavailability and mode-of-action to AntiBCs. However, fotemustine and valganciclovir alone and eflornithine and celecoxib in combination with AntiBCs improved the survival compared to AntiBCs in two-arms, phase I/II and higher glioma clinical trials. Our work highlights the potential of metabolic modeling in advancing glioma drug discovery, which accurately predicted metabolic vulnerabilities, repurposable drugs and combinations for the glioma subtypes."
6652,brain tumour,38701282,Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of adult brainstem gliomas: A retrospective analysis of histologically-proven 40 cases.,"To illustrate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of adult patients pathologically confirmed with brainstem gliomas (BSGs). Clinical data of 40 adult patients pathologically diagnosed with BSGs admitted to Beijing Shijitan Hospital from 2009 to 2022 were recorded and retrospectively analyzed. The primary parameters included relevant symptoms, duration of symptoms, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), tumor location, type of surgical resection, diagnosis, treatment, and survival. Univariate and multivariate analyses were evaluated by Cox regression models. The gliomas were located in the midbrain of 9 patients, in the pons of 14 cases, in the medulla of 5 cases, in the midbrain and pons of 6 cases and invading the medulla and pons of 6 cases, respectively. The proportion of patients with low-grade BSGs was 42.5%. Relevant symptoms consisted of visual disturbance, facial paralysis, dizziness, extremity weakness, ataxia, paresthesia, headache, bucking, dysphagia, dysacousia, nausea, dysphasia, dysosmia, hypomnesia and nystagmus. 23 (57.5%) patients accepted stereotactic biopsy, 17 (42.5%) patients underwent surgical resection. 39 patients received radiotherapy and 34 cases were treated with temozolomide. The median overall survival (OS) of all patients was 26.2 months and 21.5 months for the median progression-free survival (PFS). Both duration of symptoms (P = .007) and tumor grading (P = .002) were the influencing factors for OS, and tumor grading was significantly associated with PFS (P = .001). Duration of symptoms for more than 2 months and low-grade are favorable prognostic factors for adult patients with BSGs."
6653,brain tumour,38701250,Narrow interval dual phase 18F-FDG PET/CT: A practical approach for distinguishing tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis in brain metastasis.,"Purpose of our research is to demonstrate efficacy of narrow interval dual phase [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) imaging in distinguishing tumor recurrence (TR) from radiation necrosis (RN) in patients treated for brain metastases. 35 consecutive patients (22 female, 13 male) with various cancer subtypes, lesion size > 1.0 cm3, and suspected recurrence on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) underwent narrow interval dual phase FDG-PET/CT (30 and 90 min after tracer injection). Clinical outcome was determined via sequential MRIs or pathology reports. Maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) of lesion (L), gray matter (GM), and white matter (WM) was measured on early (1) and delayed (2) imaging. Analyzed variables include % change, late phase, and early phase for L uptake, L/GM uptake, and L/WM uptake. Statistical analysis (P < .01), receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) cutoff values were obtained. Change in L/GM ratio of > -2% was 95% sensitive, 91% specific, and 93% accurate (P < .001, AUC = 0.99) in distinguishing TR from RN. Change in SUVmax of lesion alone was the second-best indicator (P < .001, AUC = 0.94) with an ROC cutoff > 30.5% yielding 86% sensitivity, 83% specificity, and 84% accuracy. Other variables (L alone or L/GM ratios in early or late phase, all L/WM ratios) were significantly less accurate. Utilizing narrow interval dual phase FDG-PET/CT in patients with brain metastasis treated with radiation therapy provides a practical approach to distinguish TR from RN. Narrow time interval allows for better patient comfort, greater efficiency of PET/CT scanner, and lower disruption of workflow."
6654,brain tumour,38701193,The immunoglobulin superfamily ligand B7H6 subjects T cell responses to NK cell surveillance.,"Understanding the mechanisms that regulate T cell immunity is critical for the development of effective therapies for diseases associated with T cell dysfunction, including autoimmune diseases, chronic infections, and cancer. Co-inhibitory ""checkpoint molecules,"" such as programmed cell death protein-1, balance excessive or prolonged immune activation by T cell-intrinsic signaling. Here, by screening for mediators of natural killer (NK) cell recognition on T cells, we identified the immunoglobulin superfamily ligand B7H6 to be highly expressed by activated T cells, including patient-infused CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Unlike other checkpoint molecules, B7H6 mediated NKp30-dependent recognition and subsequent cytolysis of activated T cells by NK cells. B7H6"
6655,brain tumour,38701062,Early therapy evaluation of intra-arterial trastuzumab injection in a human breast cancer xenograft model using multiparametric MR imaging.,To investigate the treatment efficacy of intra-arterial (IA) trastuzumab treatment using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a human breast cancer xenograft model.
6656,brain tumour,38700931,Low-grade epilepsy-associated tumors: Epilepsy outcome and antiseizure medication discontinuation after lesionectomies as first-line surgical approach in pediatric population.,This study aimed to evaluate epilepsy outcome and antiseizure medication (ASM) discontinuation after lesionectomies as first surgical approach in pediatric population diagnosed with low-grade epilepsy-associated neuroepithelial tumors (LEATs).
6657,brain tumour,38700762,What We Know About the Actual Role of Traditional Probiotics in Health and Disease.,"The complex relationship between probiotics and human health goes beyond their traditional function in gut health, generating considerable interest for their broad potential in disease treatment. This review explores the various functions of probiotics, highlighting their impact on the immune system, their benefits for gut and oral health, their effects on metabolic and neurological disorders, and their emerging potential in cancer therapy. We give significant importance to studying the effects of probiotics on the gut-brain axis, revealing new and non-invasive therapeutic approaches for complex neurological disorders. In addition, we expand the discussion to encompass the impact of probiotics on the gut-liver and gut-lung axes, recognizing their systemic effects and potential in treating respiratory and hepatic conditions. The use of probiotic ""cocktails"" to improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes indicates a revolutionary approach to oncological treatments. The review explores the specific benefits associated with various strains and the genetic mechanisms that underlie them. This study sets the stage for precision medicine, where probiotic treatments can be tailored to meet the unique needs of each patient. Recent developments in delivery technologies, including microencapsulation and nanotechnology, hold great potential for enhancing the effectiveness and accuracy of probiotic applications in therapeutic settings. This study provides a strong basis for future scientific research and clinical use, promoting the incorporation of probiotics into treatment plans for a wide range of diseases. This expands our understanding of the potential benefits of probiotics in modern medicine."
6658,brain tumour,38700687,Contemporary Management of Pediatric Brainstem Tumors.,"Brain tumors are the second most common malignancy in childhood. Around 15-20% of pediatric brain tumors occur in the brainstem. The most common type of brainstem tumor are diffuse tumors in the ventral pons, whereas focal tumors tend to arise from the midbrain, medulla, and dorsal pons. Glioma is the most common pathological entity. Contemporary management consists of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and other adjuvant treatment. Surgical options range from biopsy to radical excision. Biopsy can be performed for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, or in the setting of clinical trials, mainly for diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas. For focal tumors, surgeons need to carefully balance clinical outcomes against possible neurological sequelae in order to achieve maximal safe resection. Radiotherapy is essential for control of high-grade tumors and may be applied to residual or recurrent low-grade tumors. Proton therapy may provide similar efficacy and less neurotoxicity in comparison to conventional photon therapy. Oncological treatment continues to evolve from conventional chemotherapy to targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and other novel treatment methods and holds great potential as adjuvant therapy for pediatric brainstem tumors."
6659,brain tumour,38700685,"The Father of Wisdom: ""The Influence of Surgical Experience on Overall Survival in Patients with Malignant Gliomas"".","The role of surgery in the management of malignant gliomas has been feverishly deliberated after the publication of the first expansive case series, the last two decades reinvigorating the discussion regarding the value of total removal in improving survivability. Despite numerous technologies being implemented to increase the resection rates of malignant gliomas, the role of surgical experience has been largely overlooked. This article aims to discuss the importance of a single surgeon's experience in treating high-grade gliomas over a period of 20 years."
6660,brain tumour,38700683,The Anterior Interhemispheric Transcallosal Approach to the Ventricles: How We Do It.,"Intraventricular tumors of the lateral and third ventricles are relatively rare, accounting for 1-2% of all primary brain tumors in most large series [1-4]. They can be uniquely challenging to approach due to their deep location, propensity to become large before they are discovered, and association with hydrocephalus [5, 6]. The surgeon's goal is to develop a route to these deep lesions that will cause the least morbidity, provide adequate working space, and achieve a complete resection. This must be performed with minimal manipulation of the neural structures encircling the ventricles, avoiding functional cortical areas, and acquiring early control of feeding vessels [7, 8]."
6661,brain tumour,38700653,An Amino Acids and Dipeptide Injection Inhibits the TNF-α/HMGB1 Inflammatory Signaling Pathway to Reduce Pyroptosis and M1 Microglial Polarization in POCD Mice: the Gut to the Brain.,"Peripheral surgery-induced neural inflammation is a key pathogenic mechanism of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). However, the mechanism underlying neuroinflammation and associated neural injury remains elusive. Surgery itself can lead to gut damage, and the occurrence of POCD is accompanied by high levels of TNF-α in the serum and blood‒brain barrier (BBB) damage. Reductions in stress, inflammation and protein loss have been emphasized as strategies for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). We designed an amino acids and dipeptide (AAD) formula for injection that could provide intestinal protection during surgery. Through the intraoperative infusion of AAD based on the ERAS concept, we aimed to explore the effect of AAD injection on POCD and its underlying mechanism from the gut to the brain. Here, we observed that AAD injection ameliorated neural injury in POCD, in addition to restoring the function of the intestinal barrier and BBB. We also found that TNF-α levels decreased in the ileum, blood and hippocampus. Intestinal barrier protectors and TNF-α inhibitors also alleviated neural damage. AAD injection treatment decreased HMGB1 production, pyroptosis, and M1 microglial polarization and increased M2 polarization. In vitro, AAD injection protected the impaired gut barrier and decreased TNF-α production, alleviating damage to the BBB by stimulating cytokine transport in the body. HMGB1 and Caspase-1 inhibitors decreased pyroptosis and M1 microglial polarization and increased M2 polarization to protect TNF-α-stimulated microglia in vitro. Collectively, these findings suggest that the gut barrier-TNF-α-BBB-HMGB1-Caspase-1 inflammasome-pyroptosis-M1 microglia pathway is a novel mechanism of POCD related to the gut-brain axis and that intraoperative AAD infusion is a potential treatment for POCD."
6662,brain tumour,38700610,Revisiting prognostic factors of gliomatosis cerebri in adult-type diffuse gliomas.,"There is lack of comprehensive analysis evaluating the impact of clinical, molecular, imaging, and surgical data on survival of patients with gliomatosis cerebri (GC). This study aimed to investigate prognostic factors of GC in adult-type diffuse glioma patients."
6663,brain tumour,38700300,A Prospective Observational Study of Autoimmune Encephalitis in Northwestern India.,"Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) is a group of rare, increasingly recognized, potentially reversible, noninfectious causes of unexplained encephalitis. It affects any age-group and has a plethora of clinical presentations, the most common being the neuropsychiatric manifestation. The diagnosis of this entity at the right time and proper treatment with immunotherapy can save many lives. In this study, we describe the demographic profile, clinical spectrum, diagnosis, and treatment of 42 patients with features of AIE."
6664,brain tumour,38700092,sFlt-1 impairs neurite growth and neuronal differentiation in SH-SY5Y cells and human neurons.,"Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy which is associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in exposed offspring. The pathophysiological mechanisms mediating this relationship are currently unknown, and one potential candidate is the anti-angiogenic factor soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), which is highly elevated in PE. While sFlt-1 can impair angiogenesis via inhibition of VEGFA signalling, it is unclear whether it can directly affect neuronal development independently of its effects on the vasculature. To test this hypothesis, the current study differentiated the human neural progenitor cell (NPC) line ReNcell® VM into a mixed culture of mature neurons and glia, and exposed them to sFlt-1 during development. Outcomes measured were neurite growth, cytotoxicity, mRNA expression of nestin, MBP, GFAP, and βIII-tubulin, and neurosphere differentiation. sFlt-1 induced a significant reduction in neurite growth and this effect was timing- and dose-dependent up to 100 ng/ml, with no effect on cytotoxicity. sFlt-1 (100 ng/ml) also reduced βIII-tubulin mRNA and neuronal differentiation of neurospheres. Undifferentiated NPCs and mature neurons/glia expressed VEGFA and VEGFR-2, required for endogenous autocrine and paracrine VEGFA signalling, while sFlt-1 treatment prevented the neurogenic effects of exogenous VEGFA. Overall, these data provide the first experimental evidence for a direct effect of sFlt-1 on neurite growth and neuronal differentiation in human neurons through inhibition of VEGFA signalling, clarifying our understanding of the potential role of sFlt-1 as a mechanism by which PE can affect neuronal development."
6665,brain tumour,38700026,Delivery of Chlorambucil to the Brain Using Surface Modified Solid Lipid Nanoparticles.,"The delivery of drugs to the brain in the therapy of diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) remains a continuing challenge because of the lack of delivery systems that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, there is a need to develop an innovative delivery method for the treatment of CNS diseases. Thus, we have investigated the interaction of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and S-(-)-γ-amino-α-hydroxybutyric acid (GAHBA) with the GABA receptor by performing a docking study. Both GABA and GAHBA show comparable binding affinities toward the receptor. In this study, we developed surface-modified solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) using GAHBA-derived lipids that can cross the BBB. CLB-loaded SLNs were characterized by a number of methods including differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic light scattering, UV-vis spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The blank and CLB-loaded SLN suspensions were found to exhibit good storage stability. Also, the SLNs showed a higher encapsulation efficiency for CLB drugs. In vitro release kinetics of CLB at physiological temperature was also investigated. The results of the in vitro cell cytotoxicity assay and flow cytometry studies in the human glioma U87MG cell line and human prostate cancer PC3 cell line suggested a higher efficacy of the GAHBA-modified CLB-loaded SLNs in U87MG cells. The transcription level of GABA receptor expression in the target organ and cell line was analyzed by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction study. The in vivo biodistribution and brain uptake in C57BL6 mice and SPECT/CT imaging in Wistar rats investigated using "
6666,brain tumour,38699949,Management of patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma in Australia and New Zealand: Australian and New Zealand Children's Haematology/Oncology Group position statement.,"The main mission of the Australian and New Zealand Children's Haematology and Oncology Group (ANZCHOG) is to develop and facilitate local access to the world's leading evidence-based clinical trials for all paediatric cancers, including brain tumours, as soon as practically possible. Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) - a subset of a larger group of tumours now termed diffuse midline glioma, H3K27-altered (DMG) - are paediatric brain cancers with less than 10% survival at two years. In the absence of any proven curative therapies, significant recent advancements have been made in pre-clinical and clinical research, leading many to seek integration of novel therapies early into standard practice. Despite these innovative therapeutic approaches, DIPG remains an incurable disease for which novel surgical, imaging, diagnostic, radiation and systemic therapy approaches are needed."
6667,brain tumour,38699943,"Ganglioglioma with anaplastic/high-grade transformation: Histopathologic, molecular, and epigenetic characterization of 3 cases.","Ganglioglioma (GG) with anaplasia (anaplastic ganglioglioma) is a rare and controversial diagnosis. When present, anaplasia involves the glial component of the tumor, either at presentation or at recurrence. To date, most published cases lack molecular characterization. We describe the histologic and molecular features of 3 patients presenting with BRAF p. V600E-mutant GG (CNS WHO grade 1) with high-grade glial transformation at recurrence. The tumors occurred in pediatric patients (age 9-16 years) with time to recurrence from 20 months to 7 years. At presentation, each tumor was low-grade, with a BRAFV600E-positive ganglion cell component and a glial component resembling pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) or fibrillary astrocytoma. At recurrence, tumors resembled anaplastic PXA or high-grade astrocytomas without neuronal differentiation. CDKN2A homozygous deletion (HD) was absent in all primary tumors. At recurrence, 2 cases acquired CDKN2A HD; the third case showed loss of p16 and MTAP immunoexpression, but no CDKN2A/B HD or mutation was identified. By DNA methylation profiling, all primary and recurrent tumors either grouped or definitely matched to different methylation classes. Our findings indicate that malignant progression of the glial component can occur in GG and suggest that CDKN2A/B inactivation plays a significant role in this process."
6668,brain tumour,38699639,Nanocage-incorporated engineered destabilized 3'UTR ARE of ERBB2 inhibits tumor growth and liver and lung metastasis in EGFR T790M osimertinib- and trastuzumab-resistant and ERBB2-expressing NSCLC via the reduction of ERBB2.,"Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) caused more deaths in 2017 than breast cancer, prostate, and brain cancers combined. This is primarily due to their aggressive metastatic nature, leading to more fatal rates of cancer patients. Despite this condition, there are no clinically approved drugs that can target metastasis. The NSCLC with EGFR T790M-overexpressing HER2 shows the resistance to osimertinib and trastuzumab starting 10-18 months after the therapy, and thus prospects are grim to these patients. To target the recalcitrant ERBB2 driver oncogene, we developed two engineered destabilizing 3'UTR ERBB2 constructs that degrade the endogenous ERBB2 transcript and proteins by overwriting the encoded endogenous ERBB2 mRNA with the destabilizing message. When iron oxide nanocages (IO nanocages) were used as vehicles to deliver them to tumors and whole tissues in mice bearing tumors, it was well tolerated and safe and caused no genome rearrangement whereas they were integrated into genome deserts (non-coding regions). We achieved significant reduction of the primary tumor volume with desARE3'UTRERBB2-30, achieving 50% complete tumor lysis and inhibiting 60%-80% of liver metastasis, hepatomegaly, and 90% of lung metastasis, through ERBB2 downregulation. These constructs were distributed robustly into tumors, livers, lungs, kidneys, and spleen and mildly in the brain and not in the heart. They caused no abnormality in both short- and long-term administrations as well as in healthy mice. In summary, we accomplished significant breakthrough for the therapeutics of intractable lung cancer patients whose cancers become resistant and metastasize."
6669,brain tumour,38699361,Contribution of ,"Insertion of active retroelements-L1s, "
6670,brain tumour,38698847,Antioxidant network-based signatures cluster glioblastoma into distinct redox-resistant phenotypes.,"Aberrant reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is one of the hallmarks of cancer. During their growth and dissemination, cancer cells control redox signaling to support protumorigenic pathways. As a consequence, cancer cells become reliant on major antioxidant systems to maintain a balanced redox tone, while avoiding excessive oxidative stress and cell death. This concept appears especially relevant in the context of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive form of brain tumor characterized by significant heterogeneity, which contributes to treatment resistance and tumor recurrence. From this viewpoint, this study aims to investigate whether gene regulatory networks can effectively capture the diverse redox states associated with the primary phenotypes of GBM."
6671,brain tumour,38698502,The development of fatigue after treatment for pediatric brain tumors does not differ between tumor locations.,"Children and adolescents treated for a brain tumor suffer from more fatigue than survivors of other types of childhood cancer. As tumor location might be predictive of fatigue, our aim was to investigate the longitudinal development of fatigue in children with brain tumors and risk factors for fatigue separately for different tumor locations."
6672,brain tumour,38698484,Pituitary abscess: a descriptive analysis of a series of 19 patients-a multi-center experience.,"Pituitary abscess (PA) accounts for only 0.3-0.5% of sellar masses, and the lack of specific clinical symptoms makes diagnosing PA difficult without a surgical biopsy. In clinical practice, PA is often mistaken for cystic pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, and Rathke's cyst. Thus, this study aims to investigate challenges in diagnosing PA and evaluate the importance of combining intraoperative surgery with postoperative antibiotic treatment."
6673,brain tumour,38698186,Abnormal progression of brain herniation into intraosseous arachnoid granulation in a patient with metastatic lung carcinoma.,No abstract found
6674,brain tumour,38698048,Investigation of high-dose radiotherapy's effect on brain structure aggravated cognitive impairment and deteriorated patient psychological status in brain tumor treatment.,"This study aims to investigate the potential impact of high-dose radiotherapy (RT) on brain structure, cognitive impairment, and the psychological status of patients undergoing brain tumor treatment. We recruited and grouped 144 RT-treated patients with brain tumors into the Low dose group (N = 72) and the High dose group (N = 72) according to the RT dose applied. Patient data were collected by using the HADS and QLQ-BN20 system for subsequent analysis and comparison. Our analysis showed no significant correlation between the RT doses and the clinicopathological characteristics. We found that a high dose of RT could aggravate cognitive impairment and deteriorate patient role functioning, indicated by a higher MMSE and worsened role functioning in the High dose group. However, the depression status, social functioning, and global health status were comparable between the High dose group and the Low dose group at Month 0 and Month 1, while being worsened in the High dose group at Month 3, indicating the potential long-term deterioration of depression status in brain tumor patients induced by high-dose RT. By comparing patient data at Month 0, Month 1, Month 3, Month 6, and Month 9 after RT, we found that during RT treatment, RT at a high dose could aggravate cognitive impairment in the short term and lead to worsened patient role functioning, and even deteriorate the overall psychological health status of patients in the long term."
6675,brain tumour,38697991,Response of treatment-naive brain metastases to stereotactic radiosurgery.,"With improvements in survival for patients with metastatic cancer, long-term local control of brain metastases has become an increasingly important clinical priority. While consensus guidelines recommend surgery followed by stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for lesions >3 cm, smaller lesions (≤3 cm) treated with SRS alone elicit variable responses. To determine factors influencing this variable response to SRS, we analyzed outcomes of brain metastases ≤3 cm diameter in patients with no prior systemic therapy treated with frame-based single-fraction SRS. Following SRS, 259 out of 1733 (15%) treated lesions demonstrated MRI findings concerning for local treatment failure (LTF), of which 202 /1733 (12%) demonstrated LTF and 54/1733 (3%) had an adverse radiation effect. Multivariate analysis demonstrated tumor size (>1.5 cm) and melanoma histology were associated with higher LTF rates. Our results demonstrate that brain metastases ≤3 cm are not uniformly responsive to SRS and suggest that prospective studies to evaluate the effect of SRS alone or in combination with surgery on brain metastases ≤3 cm matched by tumor size and histology are warranted. These studies will help establish multi-disciplinary treatment guidelines that improve local control while minimizing radiation necrosis during treatment of brain metastasis ≤3 cm."
6676,brain tumour,38697989,Multimodal analysis of cfDNA methylomes for early detecting esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions.,"Detecting early-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and precancerous lesions is critical for improving survival. Here, we conduct whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) on 460 cfDNA samples from patients with non-metastatic ESCC or precancerous lesions and matched healthy controls. We develop an expanded multimodal analysis (EMMA) framework to simultaneously identify cfDNA methylation, copy number variants (CNVs), and fragmentation markers in cfDNA WGBS data. cfDNA methylation markers are the earliest and most sensitive, detectable in 70% of ESCCs and 50% of precancerous lesions, and associated with molecular subtypes and tumor microenvironments. CNVs and fragmentation features show high specificity but are linked to late-stage disease. EMMA significantly improves detection rates, increasing AUCs from 0.90 to 0.99, and detects 87% of ESCCs and 62% of precancerous lesions with >95% specificity in validation cohorts. Our findings demonstrate the potential of multimodal analysis of cfDNA methylome for early detection and monitoring of molecular characteristics in ESCC."
6677,brain tumour,38697849,Varlitinib and Paclitaxel for EGFR/HER2 Co-expressing Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter Phase Ib/II Study (K-MASTER-13).,"Varlitinib is a pan-human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) inhibitor targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and HER4. We present a phase Ib/II study of a combination of varlitinib and weekly paclitaxel as a second-line treatment for patients with EGFR/HER2 co-expressing advanced gastric cancer (AGC)."
6678,brain tumour,38697822,Tebentafusp in the treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma - the first patient treated in the Czech Republic.,"Uveal melanoma is a rare cancer, in which metastases occur in approximately one half of cases. In metastatic disease, the prognosis is unfavorable and the median of survival does not exceed 6 months. Effective treatment options were very limited up to date. Tebentafusp is a bispecific fusion protein, which as the first drug proved efficacy in uveal melanoma."
6679,brain tumour,38697671,Cerebral ,Our aim was to investigate probable biomarkers specific to immune-related central nervous system toxicity (CNST) in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) by analysis of 
6680,brain tumour,38697575,Indirect functional connectivity does not predict overall survival in glioblastoma.,"Lesion network mapping (LNM) is a popular framework to assess clinical syndromes following brain injury. The classical approach involves embedding lesions from patients into a normative functional connectome and using the corresponding functional maps as proxies for disconnections. However, previous studies indicated limited predictive power of this approach in behavioral deficits. We hypothesized similarly low predictiveness for overall survival (OS) in glioblastoma (GBM)."
6681,brain tumour,38697460,Small-molecule Molephantin induces apoptosis and mitophagy flux blockage through ROS production in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), one of the most malignant brain tumors in the world, has limited treatment options and a dismal survival rate. Effective and safe disease-modifying drugs for glioblastoma are urgently needed. Here, we identified a small molecule, Molephantin (EM-5), effectively penetrated the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and demonstrated notable antitumor effects against GBM with good safety profiles both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, EM-5 not only inhibits the proliferation and invasion of GBM cells but also induces cell apoptosis through the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, EM-5 causes mitochondrial dysfunction and blocks mitophagy flux by impeding the fusion of mitophagosomes with lysosomes. It is noteworthy that EM-5 does not interfere with the initiation of autophagosome formation or lysosomal function. Additionally, the mitophagy flux blockage caused by EM-5 was driven by the accumulation of intracellular ROS. In vivo, EM-5 exhibited significant efficacy in suppressing tumor growth in a xenograft model. Collectively, our findings not only identified EM-5 as a promising, effective, and safe lead compound for treating GBM but also uncovered its underlying mechanisms from the perspective of apoptosis and mitophagy."
6682,brain tumour,38697347,Development of Magnetic Resonance-Compatible Head Immobilization Device and Initial Experience of Magnetic Resonance-Guided Radiation Therapy for Central Nervous System Tumors.,We aimed to develop and investigate positional reproducibility using a fixation device (Unity Brain tumor Immobilization Device [UBID]) in patients with brain tumor undergoing magnetic resonance (MR)-guided radiation therapy (RT) with a 1.5 Tesla (T) MR-linear accelerator (MR-LINAC) to evaluate its feasibility in clinical practice and report representative cases of patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumor.
6683,brain tumour,38697301,Impact of Abl2/Arg deficiency on anxiety and depressive behaviors in mice.,"Abl2/Arg (ABL-related gene) is a member of the Abelson family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, known for its role in tumor progression, metastasis, tissue injury responses, inflammation, neural degeneration, and other diseases. In this study, we developed Abl2/Arg knockout (abl2"
6684,brain tumour,38697260,Correlation Between Pituitary Adenoma Surgery and Anxiety Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.,This study aims to evaluate the impact of surgical intervention on anxiety levels in patients with various types of pituitary adenoma (PA).
6685,brain tumour,38697111,Epistatic interactions between NMD and TRP53 control progenitor cell maintenance and brain size.,"Mutations in human nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) factors are enriched in neurodevelopmental disorders. We show that deletion of key NMD factor Upf2 in mouse embryonic neural progenitor cells causes perinatal microcephaly but deletion in immature neurons does not, indicating NMD's critical roles in progenitors. Upf2 knockout (KO) prolongs the cell cycle of radial glia progenitor cells, promotes their transition into intermediate progenitors, and leads to reduced upper-layer neurons. CRISPRi screening identified Trp53 knockdown rescuing Upf2KO progenitors without globally reversing NMD inhibition, implying marginal contributions of most NMD targets to the cell cycle defect. Integrated functional genomics shows that NMD degrades selective TRP53 downstream targets, including Cdkn1a, which, without NMD suppression, slow the cell cycle. Trp53KO restores the progenitor cell pool and rescues the microcephaly of Upf2KO mice. Therefore, one physiological role of NMD in the developing brain is to degrade selective TRP53 targets to control progenitor cell cycle and brain size."
6686,brain tumour,38697107,RNA aggregates harness the danger response for potent cancer immunotherapy.,"Cancer immunotherapy remains limited by poor antigenicity and a regulatory tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we create ""onion-like"" multi-lamellar RNA lipid particle aggregates (LPAs) to substantially enhance the payload packaging and immunogenicity of tumor mRNA antigens. Unlike current mRNA vaccine designs that rely on payload packaging into nanoparticle cores for Toll-like receptor engagement in immune cells, systemically administered RNA-LPAs activate RIG-I in stromal cells, eliciting massive cytokine/chemokine response and dendritic cell/lymphocyte trafficking that provokes cancer immunogenicity and mediates rejection of both early- and late-stage murine tumor models. In client-owned canines with terminal gliomas, RNA-LPAs improved survivorship and reprogrammed the TME, which became ""hot"" within days of a single infusion. In a first-in-human trial, RNA-LPAs elicited rapid cytokine/chemokine release, immune activation/trafficking, tissue-confirmed pseudoprogression, and glioma-specific immune responses in glioblastoma patients. These data support RNA-LPAs as a new technology that simultaneously reprograms the TME while eliciting rapid and enduring cancer immunotherapy."
6687,brain tumour,38696929,Choriocarcinoma metastatic to both kidneys presenting with spontaneous renal hemorrhage: Case report.,"Choricocarcinoma is a highly malignant tumor. It metastasize commonly to the lungs. Metastasis to the kidney is uncommon, and bilateral metastasis is described rarely. Initial presentation with spontaneous bleeding of the renal metastatic tumor is scarce in the literatures. Here we present a case report of a choriocarcinoma patient with bilateral renal metastasis, presenting with spontaneous renal hemorrhage."
6688,brain tumour,38696856,Expression analysis of necroptosis related genes and lncRNAs in patients with pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.,"Necroptosis can either be the cause of tumorigenesis or it can impede its process. Recently, it has been proved that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have different crucial roles at cellular level, especially on cell death. Regarding the important role of necroptosis and lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of different cancers, especially pituitary adenomas (PAs), we assessed expression levels of two necroptosis related genes, namely TRADD and BIRC2, in addition to three related lncRNAs, namely FLVCR1-DT, MAGI2-AS3, and NEAT1 in PAs compared with adjacent normal tissues (ANTs). TRADD had no significant difference between two groups; however, BIRC2, FLVCR1-DT, MAGI2-AS3, and NEAT1 were upregulated in PAs compared to ANTs (Expression ratios [95% CI] = 2.3 [1.47-3.6], 2.13 [1.02-4.44], 3.01 [1.76-5.16] and 2.47 [1.37-4.45], respectively). When taking into account different types of PAs, significant upregulation of BIRC2, MAGI2-AS3 and NEAT1 was recorded in non-functioning PAs compared with corresponding ANTs (Expression ratios [95% CI] =1.9 [1.04-3.43], 2.69 [1.26-5.72] and 2.22 [0.98-5.01], respectively). Additionally, higher levels of BIRC2 were associated with higher flow of CSF (P value=0.048). Moreover, higher Knosp classified tumors had lower levels of BIRC2 (P value=0.001). Finally, lower levels of MAGI2-AS3 were associated with larger tumor size (P value=0.006). NEAT1 expression was correlated with FLVCR1-DT and TRADD. TRADD expression was correlated with FLVCR1-DT. Additional correlation was observed between expression of BIRC2 and MAGI2-AS3. In sum, this study provides evidence that dysregulated levels of studied genes could contribute to the pathogenesis of pituitary tumors."
6689,brain tumour,38696737,MOG Antibody-Associated Disease in the Setting of Metastatic Melanoma Complicated by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Use.,"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease rarely associated with malignancy. We report the clinical, MRI, immunopathology, and treatment response in a person with MOGAD and melanoma."
6690,brain tumour,38696710,Patient with mediastinal carcinoma of unknown primary with RET fusion achieves durable response with RET inhibition.,"Selective RET inhibitors have shown promise in thyroid cancer (TC) and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring RET fusions on next-generation sequencing (NGS), although rarity of the rearrangement has led to limited data for certain tumor types, such as carcinoma of unknown primary. We present a 65-year-old female with no history of malignancy, smoking or radiation exposure, who was found to have an anterior mediastinum malignancy of unknown primary, with metastases to supraclavicular lymph nodes. Core biopsy of the mediastinum revealed poorly differentiated carcinoma, while a biopsy of the thyroid revealed atypia of indeterminate significance (Bethesda III). PD-L1 immunohistochemistry was positive (90%), and liquid NGS revealed mutations in TP53 and the TERT promoter (c.-124C>T), as well as a CCDC6-RET fusion. This genetic profile resembled an anaplastic TC vs. NSCLC primary, although thymic primary and poorly differentiated TC remained on the differential. The patient was initiated on selpercatinib, which was held after 3 weeks due to thrombocytopenia and hypertension. At a reduced dosage, patient developed transaminitis, and selpercatinib was switched to pralsetinib. Brain MRI showed a nonenhancing temporal lobe signal abnormality, which on biopsy proved to be glioblastoma (GBM) with TERT promoter c.-124C>T mutation and FGFR3-TACC3 fusion by NGS. Pralsetinib was held during adjuvant chemoradiation for the GBM, and again for 4 weeks due to pneumonitis that resolved with steroids, and pralsetinib was restarted at a reduced dose. The patient has since demonstrated a stable reduction of the mediastinal mass for >15 months with RET inhibition therapy, despite several treatment interruptions."
6691,brain tumour,38696655,Brain Metastasis from EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Secretion of IL11 from Astrocytes Up-Regulates PDL1 and Promotes Immune Escape.,"Patients who have non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are more prone to brain metastasis (BM) and poor prognosis. Previous studies showed that the tumor microenvironment of BM in these patients is immunosuppressed, as indicated by reduced T-cell abundance and activity, although the mechanism of this immunosuppression requires further study. This study shows that reactive astrocytes play a critical role in promoting the immune escape of BM from EGFR-mutated NSCLC by increasing the apoptosis of CD8"
6692,brain tumour,38696125,Targeted therapy in BRAF mutated aggressive papillary craniopharyngioma: a case report and overview of the literature.,"Papillary craniopharyngiomas harbor the BRAF V600E mutation, which paves the way for using BRAF inhibitor molecules to treat tumors refractory to standard therapies. Single case reports confirmed the efficacy of targeted therapy. However, most reports were limited by the short follow-up. We describe the long-term course of a patient treated with dual-agent BRAF and MEK inhibitors and review the available literature."
6693,brain tumour,38696050,Benchmarking palliative care practices in neurooncology: a german perspective.,"To benchmark palliative care practices in neurooncology centers across Germany, evaluating the variability in palliative care integration, timing, and involvement in tumor board discussions. This study aims to identify gaps in care and contribute to the discourse on optimal palliative care strategies."
6694,brain tumour,38695719,Microglial TNFα controls daily changes in synaptic GABAARs and sleep slow waves.,"Microglia sense the changes in their environment. How microglia actively translate these changes into suitable cues to adapt brain physiology is unknown. We reveal an activity-dependent regulation of cortical inhibitory synapses by microglia, driven by purinergic signaling acting on P2RX7 and mediated by microglia-derived TNFα. We demonstrate that sleep induces microglia-dependent synaptic enrichment of GABAARs in a manner dependent on microglial TNFα and P2RX7. We further show that microglia-specific depletion of TNFα alters slow waves during NREM sleep and blunt memory consolidation in sleep-dependent learning tasks. Together, our results reveal that microglia orchestrate sleep-intrinsic plasticity of synaptic GABAARs, sculpt sleep slow waves, and support memory consolidation."
6695,brain tumour,38695671,Optimization of Epigenetic Modifier Drug Combination for Synergistic Effect against Glioblastoma Multiform Cancer Cell Lines.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is a frequent class of malignant brain tumors. Epigenetic therapy, especially with synergistic combinations is highly paid attention for aggressive solid tumors like GBM. Here, RSM optimization has been used to increase the efficient arrest of U87 and U251 cell lines due to synergistic effects. Cell lines were treated with SAHA, 5-Azacytidine, GSK-126, and PTC-209 individually and then RSM was used to find most effective combinations. Results showed that optimized combinations significantly reduce cell survival and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in both cell lines. Expression of cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 were decreased while caspase3 increased expression."
6696,brain tumour,38695575,"Meningioma: International Consortium on Meningiomas consensus review on scientific advances and treatment paradigms for clinicians, researchers, and patients.","Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors in adults and are increasing in incidence due to the aging population and increased access to neuroimaging. While most exhibit nonmalignant behavior, a subset of meningiomas are biologically aggressive and are associated with treatment resistance, resulting in significant neurologic morbidity and even mortality. In recent years, meaningful advances in our understanding of the biology of these tumors have led to the incorporation of molecular biomarkers into their grading and prognostication. However, unlike other central nervous system (CNS) tumors, a unified molecular taxonomy for meningiomas has not yet been established and remains an overarching goal of the Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy-Not Official World Health Organization (cIMPACT-NOW) working group. Additionally, clinical equipoise still remains on how specific meningioma cases and patient populations should be optimally managed. To address these existing gaps, members of the International Consortium on Meningiomas including field-leading experts, have prepared this comprehensive consensus narrative review directed toward clinicians, researchers, and patients. Included in this manuscript are detailed overviews of proposed molecular classifications, novel biomarkers, contemporary treatment strategies, trials on systemic therapies, health-related quality-of-life studies, and management strategies for unique meningioma patient populations. In each section, we discuss the current state of knowledge as well as ongoing clinical and research challenges to road map future directions for further investigation."
6697,brain tumour,38695342,Immunotherapy drives mesenchymal tumor cell state shift and TME immune response in glioblastoma patients.,"Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive type of brain tumor for which there is no curative treatment available. Immunotherapies have shown limited responses in unselected patients, and there is an urgent need to identify mechanisms of treatment resistance to design novel therapy strategies."
6698,brain tumour,38695174,Alterations of human CSF and serum-based mitophagy biomarkers in the continuum of Alzheimer disease.,"Defective mitophagy is consistently found in postmortem brain and iPSC-derived neurons from Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. However, there is a lack of extensive examination of mitophagy status in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and the clinical potential of mitophagy biomarkers has not been tested. We quantified biomarkers of mitophagy/autophagy and lysosomal degradation (PINK1, BNIP3L and TFEB) in CSF and serum from 246 individuals, covering mild cognitive impairment due to AD (MCI-AD, "
6699,brain tumour,38694683,The Effects of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy on the Lungs in Recurrent Breast Cancer Treatment.,"Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has predominantly been performed for brain tumors or head and neck cancers. Although BNCT is known to be applicable to breast cancer, it has only been performed in a few cases involving thoracic region irradiation with reactor-based BNCT systems. Thus, there are very few reports on the effects of BNCT on the thoracic region and no reports of BNCT for breast cancer with accelerator-based BNCT systems. This paper introduces the world's first clinical study employing an accelerator-based BNCT system targeting recurrent breast cancer after radiation therapy. We aim to assess the efficacy and safety of BNCT, focusing on the dose response in the thoracic region, especially concerning the potential for radiation pneumonitis. Preliminary findings from the first three cases indicate no evidence of radiation pneumonitis within three months post treatment. This study not only establishes a foundation for novel breast cancer treatment options but also contributes significantly to the field of BNCT in the thoracic region."
6700,brain tumour,38694609,Advances in Cranial Surgery.,"The landscape of the cranial neurosurgery has changed tremendously in past couple of decades. The main frontiers including introduction of neuro-endoscopy, minimally invasive skull base approaches, SRS, laser interstitial thermal therapy and use of tubular retractors have revolutionized the management of intracerebral hemorrhages, deep seated tumors other intracranial pathologies. Introduction of these novel techniques is based on smaller incisions with maximal operative corridors, decreased blood loss, shorter hospital stays, decreased post-operative pain and cosmetically appealing scars that improves patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes. The sophisticated tools like neuroendoscopy have improved light source, and better visualization around the corners. Advanced navigated tools and channel-based retractors help us to target deeply seated lesions with increased precision and minimal disruption of the surrounding neurovascular tissues. Advent of stereotactic radiosurgery has provided us alternative feasible, safe and effective options for treatment of patients who are otherwise not medically stable to undergo complex cranial surgical interventions. This paper review advances in treatment of intracranial pathologies, and how the neurosurgeons and other medical providers at the University of Missouri-Columbia (UMC) are optimizing these treatments for their patients."
6701,brain tumour,38694569,The heterogeneous sensitivity of pediatric brain tumors to different oncolytic viruses is predicted by unique gene expression profiles.,"Despite decades of research, the prognosis of high-grade pediatric brain tumors (PBTs) remains dismal; however, recent cases of favorable clinical responses were documented in clinical trials using oncolytic viruses (OVs). In the current study, we employed four different species of OVs: adenovirus Delta24-RGD, herpes simplex virus rQNestin34.5v1, reovirus R124, and the non-virulent Newcastle disease virus rNDV-F0-GFP against three entities of PBTs (high-grade gliomas, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors, and ependymomas) to determine their "
6702,brain tumour,38694237,Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy of intracranial postoperative cavities after resection of brain metastases - Clinical outcome and prognostic factors.,"After surgical resection of brain metastases (BM), radiotherapy (RT) is indicated. Postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) reduces the risk of local progression and neurocognitive decline compared to whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Aside from the optimal dose and fractionation, little is known about the combination of systemic therapy and postoperative fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (fSRT), especially regarding tumour control and toxicity."
6703,brain tumour,38694230,Accurately Controlled Tumor Temperature with Silica-Coated Gold Nanorods for Optimal Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy.,"Photothermal therapy (PTT) at mild temperatures ranging from 44 to 45 °C holds tremendous promise as a strategy for inducing potent immunogenic cell death (ICD) within tumor tissues, which can reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITM) into an immune-responsive milieu. However, accurately and precisely controlling the tumor temperature remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report the precision photothermal immunotherapy by using silica-coated gold nanorods (AuNR@SiO"
6704,brain tumour,38694129,The ketone body β-Hydroxybutyrate as a fuel source of chondrosarcoma cells.,"Chondrosarcoma (CS) is a malignant bone tumor arising from cartilage-producing cells. The conventional subtype of CS typically develops within a dense cartilaginous matrix, creating an environment deficient in oxygen and nutrients, necessitating metabolic adaptation to ensure proliferation under stress conditions. Although ketone bodies (KBs) are oxidized by extrahepatic tissue cells such as the heart and brain, specific cancer cells, including CS cells, can undergo ketolysis. In this study, we found that KBs catabolism is activated in CS cells under nutrition-deprivation conditions. Interestingly, cytosolic β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 2 (BDH2), rather than mitochondrial BDH1, is expressed in these cells, indicating a specific metabolic adaptation for ketolysis in this bone tumor. The addition of the KB, β-Hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) in serum-starved CS cells re-induced the expression of BDH2, along with the key ketolytic enzyme 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1 (OXCT1) and monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1). Additionally, internal β-HB production was quantified in supplied and starved cells, suggesting that CS cells are also capable of ketogenesis alongside ketolysis. These findings unveil a novel metabolic adaptation wherein nutrition-deprived CS cells utilize KBs for energy supply and proliferation."
6705,brain tumour,38693876,Integrin α,"Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an advanced non-invasive cancer treatment strategy with moderate tissue penetration, less invasiveness and a reliable curative effect. However, due to the low stability, potential bio-toxicity and lack of tumor targeting capability of most sonosensitizers, the vast clinical application of SDT has been challenging and limited. Therefore, it is desirable to develop a novel approach to implement sonosensitizers to SDT for cancer treatments. In this study, an amphiphilic polypeptide was designed to effectively encapsulate rose bengal (RB) as a model sonosensitizer to form peptido-nanomicelles (REPNs). The as-fabricated REPNs demonstrated satisfactory tumor targeting and fluorescence performances, which made them superb imaging tracers "
6706,brain tumour,38693845,Laser Interstitial Thermotherapy (LITT) in Recurrent Glioblastoma: What Window of Opportunity for This Treatment?,"Laser Interstitial Thermotherapy is a minimally invasive treatment option in neurosurgery for intracranial tumors, including recurrent gliomas. The technique employs the thermal ablation of target tissue to achieve tumor control with real-time monitoring of the extent by magnetic resonance thermometry, allowing targeted thermal injury to the lesion. Laser Interstitial Thermotherapy has gained interest as a treatment option for recurrent gliomas due to its minimally invasive nature, shorter recovery times, ability to be used even in patients with numerous comorbidities, and potential to provide local tumor control. It can be used as a standalone treatment or combined with other therapies, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy. We describe the most recent updates regarding several studies and case reports that have evaluated the efficacy and safety of Laser Interstitial Thermotherapy for recurrent gliomas. These studies have reported different outcomes, with some demonstrating promising results in terms of tumor control and patient survival, while others have shown mixed outcomes. The success of Laser Interstitial Thermotherapy depends on various factors, including tumor characteristics, patient selection, and the experience of the surgical team, but the future direction of treatment of recurrent gliomas will include a combined approach, comprising Laser Interstitial Thermotherapy, particularly in deep-seated brain regions. Well-designed prospective studies will be needed to establish with certainty the role of Laser Interstitial Thermotherapy in the treatment of recurrent glioma."
6707,brain tumour,38693775,Risk Assessment of Diabetes Mellitus During and After Pregnancy in Women With Prolactinomas.,Prolactin (PRL) is a crucial mediator of glucoinsulinemic metabolism.
6708,brain tumour,38693648,Tumors Affect the Metabolic Connectivity of the Human Brain Measured by 18 F-FDG PET.,"18 F-FDG PET captures the relationship between glucose metabolism and synaptic activity, allowing for modeling brain function through metabolic connectivity. We investigated tumor-induced modifications of brain metabolic connectivity."
6709,brain tumour,38693333,Robust Ensemble of Two Different Multimodal Approaches to Segment 3D Ischemic Stroke Segmentation Using Brain Tumor Representation Among Multiple Center Datasets.,"Ischemic stroke segmentation at an acute stage is vital in assessing the severity of patients' impairment and guiding therapeutic decision-making for reperfusion. Although many deep learning studies have shown attractive performance in medical segmentation, it is difficult to use these models trained on public data with private hospitals' datasets. Here, we demonstrate an ensemble model that employs two different multimodal approaches for generalization, a more effective way to perform on external datasets. First, after we jointly train a segmentation model on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) MR modalities, the model is inferred on the DWI images. Second, a channel-wise segmentation model is trained by concatenating the DWI and ADC images as input, and then is inferred using both MR modalities. Before training with ischemic stroke data, we utilized BraTS 2021, a public brain tumor dataset, for transfer learning. An extensive ablation study evaluates which strategy learns better representations for ischemic stroke segmentation. In our study, nnU-Net well-known for robustness is selected as our baseline model. Our proposed method is evaluated on three different datasets: the Asan Medical Center (AMC) I and II, and the 2022 Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation (ISLES). Our experiments are widely validated over a large, multi-center, and multi-scanner dataset with a huge amount of 846 scans. Not only stroke lesion models can benefit from transfer learning using brain tumor data, but combining the MR modalities using different training schemes also highly improves segmentation performance. The method achieved a top-1 ranking in the ongoing ISLES'22 challenge and performed particularly well on lesion-wise metrics of interest to neuroradiologists, achieving a Dice coefficient of 78.69% and a lesion-wise F1 score of 82.46%. Also, the method was relatively robust on the AMC I (Dice, 60.35%; lesion-wise F1, 68.30%) and II (Dice; 74.12%; lesion-wise F1, 67.53%) datasets in different settings. The high segmentation accuracy of our proposed method could improve radiologists' ability to detect ischemic stroke lesions in MRI images. Our model weights and inference code are available on https://github.com/MDOpx/ISLES22-model-inference ."
6710,brain tumour,38693319,"The interplay between polygenic score for tumor necrosis factor-α, brain structural connectivity, and processing speed in major depression.","Reduced processing speed is a core deficit in major depressive disorder (MDD) and has been linked to altered structural brain network connectivity. Ample evidence highlights the involvement of genetic-immunological processes in MDD and specific depressive symptoms. Here, we extended these findings by examining associations between polygenic scores for tumor necrosis factor-α blood levels (TNF-α PGS), structural brain connectivity, and processing speed in a large sample of MDD patients. Processing speed performance of n = 284 acutely depressed, n = 177 partially and n = 198 fully remitted patients, and n = 743 healthy controls (HC) was estimated based on five neuropsychological tests. Network-based statistic was used to identify a brain network associated with processing speed. We employed general linear models to examine the association between TNF-α PGS and processing speed. We investigated whether network connectivity mediates the association between TNF-α PGS and processing speed. We identified a structural network positively associated with processing speed in the whole sample. We observed a significant negative association between TNF-α PGS and processing speed in acutely depressed patients, whereas no association was found in remitted patients and HC. The mediation analysis revealed that brain connectivity partially mediated the association between TNF-α PGS and processing speed in acute MDD. The present study provides evidence that TNF-α PGS is associated with decreased processing speed exclusively in patients with acute depression. This association was partially mediated by structural brain connectivity. Using multimodal data, the current findings advance our understanding of cognitive dysfunction in MDD and highlight the involvement of genetic-immunological processes in its pathomechanisms."
6711,brain tumour,38693152,Value of turbo spin echo-based diffusion-weighted imaging in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant solitary pulmonary lesions.,"To quantitatively assess the diagnostic efficacy of multiple parameters derived from multi-b-value diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) using turbo spin echo (TSE)-based acquisition techniques in patients with solitary pulmonary lesions (SPLs). A total of 105 patients with SPLs underwent lung DWI using single-shot TSE-based acquisition techniques and multiple b values. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters, and lesion-to-spinal cord signal intensity ratio (LSR), were analyzed to compare the benign and malignant groups using the Mann-Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic analysis. The D"
6712,brain tumour,38693105,Impact of the thyroid hormone T3 and its nuclear receptor TRα1 on colon cancer stem cell phenotypes and response to chemotherapies.,"Colorectal cancers (CRCs) are highly heterogeneous and show a hierarchical organization, with cancer stem cells (CSCs) responsible for tumor development, maintenance, and drug resistance. Our previous studies showed the importance of thyroid hormone-dependent signaling on intestinal tumor development and progression through action on stem cells. These results have a translational value, given that the thyroid hormone nuclear receptor TRα1 is upregulated in human CRCs, including in the molecular subtypes associated with CSC features. We used an established spheroid model generated from the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco2 to study the effects of T3 and TRα1 on spheroid formation, growth, and response to conventional chemotherapies. Our results show that T3 treatment and/or increased TRα1 expression in spheroids impaired the response to FOLFIRI and conferred a survival advantage. This was achieved by stimulating drug detoxification pathways and increasing ALDH1A1-expressing cells, including CSCs, within spheroids. These results suggest that clinical evaluation of the thyroid axis and assessing TRα1 levels in CRCs could help to select optimal therapeutic regimens for patients with CRC. Proposed mechanism of action of T3/TRα1 in colon cancer spheroids. In the control condition, TRα1 participates in maintaining homeostatic cell conditions. The presence of T3 in the culture medium activates TRα1 action on target genes, including the drug efflux pumps ABCG2 and ABCB1. In the case of chemotherapy FOLFIRI, the increased expression of ABC transcripts and proteins induced by T3 treatment is responsible for the augmented efflux of 5-FU and Irinotecan from the cancer cells. Taken together, these mechanisms contribute to the decreased efficacy of the chemotherapy and allow cells to escape the treatment. Created with BioRender.com ."
6713,brain tumour,38692336,Silver nanoparticles induce formation of multi-protein aggregates that contain cadherin but do not colocalize with nanoparticles.,"Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly incorporated in diverse products to confer antimicrobial properties. They are released into the environment during manufacture, after disposal, and from the products during use. Because AgNPs bioaccumulate in brain, it is important to understand how they interact with neural cell physiology. We found that the focal adhesion (FA)-associated protein cadherin aggregated in a dose-dependent response to AgNP exposure in differentiating cultured B35 neuroblastoma cells. These aggregates tended to colocalize with F-actin inclusions that form in response to AgNP and also contain β-catenin. However, using hyperspectral microscopy, we demonstrate that these multi-protein aggregates did not colocalize with the AgNPs themselves. Furthermore, expression and organization of the FA protein vinculin did not change in cells exposed to AgNP. Our findings suggest that AgNPs activate an intermediate mechanism which leads to formation of aggregates via specific protein-protein interactions. Finally, we detail the changes in hyperspectral profiles of AgNPs during different stages of cell culture and immunocytochemistry processing. AgNPs in citrate-stabilized solution present mostly blue with some rainbow spectra and these are maintained upon mounting in Prolong Gold. Exposure to tissue culture medium results in a uniform green spectral shift that is not further altered by fixation and protein block steps of immunocytochemistry."
6714,brain tumour,38692109,Ensemble learning prediction framework for EGFR amplification status of glioma based on terahertz spectral features.,"Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of gliomas. In particular, in glioblastoma, EGFR amplification emerges as a catalyst for invasion, proliferation, and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Current approaches are not capable of providing rapid diagnostic results of molecular pathology. In this study, we propose a terahertz spectroscopic approach for predicting the EGFR amplification status of gliomas for the first time. A machine learning model was constructed using the terahertz response of the measured glioma tissues, including the absorption coefficient, refractive index, and dielectric loss tangent. The novelty of our model is the integration of three classical base classifiers, i.e., support vector machine, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting. The ensemble learning method combines the advantages of various base classifiers, this model has more generalization ability. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated by applying an individual test set. The optimal performance of the integrated algorithm was verified with an area under the curve (AUC) maximum of 85.8 %. This signifies a significant stride toward more effective and rapid diagnostic tools for guiding postoperative therapy in gliomas."
6715,brain tumour,38692018,Disulfiram mediated anti-tumour effect in pituitary neuroendocrine tumours by inducing cuproptosis.,"Medical treatment plays a critical role in pituitary neuroendocrine tumour (PitNET) treatment. Dopamine agonists and somatostatin receptor agonists are the only known drugs for effectively treating PitNET. Thus, the identification of potential therapeutic targets and drugs is urgently needed."
6716,brain tumour,38692010,PDZK1 is correlated with DCE-MRI perfusion parameters in high-grade glioma.,This study investigated the relationship between PDZK1 expression and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) perfusion parameters in High-Grade Glioma (HGG).
6717,brain tumour,38691914,Brain tumor detection with integrating traditional and computational intelligence approaches across diverse imaging modalities - Challenges and future directions.,"Brain tumor segmentation and classification play a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment planning of brain tumors. Accurate and efficient methods for identifying tumor regions and classifying different tumor types are essential for guiding medical interventions. This study comprehensively reviews brain tumor segmentation and classification techniques, exploring various approaches based on image processing, machine learning, and deep learning. Furthermore, our study aims to review existing methodologies, discuss their advantages and limitations, and highlight recent advancements in this field. The impact of existing segmentation and classification techniques for automated brain tumor detection is also critically examined using various open-source datasets of Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) of different modalities. Moreover, our proposed study highlights the challenges related to segmentation and classification techniques and datasets having various MRI modalities to enable researchers to develop innovative and robust solutions for automated brain tumor detection. The results of this study contribute to the development of automated and robust solutions for analyzing brain tumors, ultimately aiding medical professionals in making informed decisions and providing better patient care."
6718,brain tumour,38691870,"A watch, wait, and rescan approach for incidental benign-appearing notochordal lesions of the skull base.","The aim of this study was to describe the natural history of incidental benign-appearing notochordal lesions of the skull base with specific attention to features that can make differentiation from low-grade chordoma more difficult, namely contrast uptake and bone erosion."
6719,brain tumour,38691846,Exploiting Metabolic Defects in Glioma with Nanoparticle-Encapsulated NAMPT Inhibitors.,"The treatment of primary central nervous system tumors is challenging due to the blood-brain barrier and complex mutational profiles, which is associated with low survival rates. However, recent studies have identified common mutations in gliomas [isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild-type and mutant, WHO grades II-IV; with grade IV tumors referred to as glioblastomas (GBM)]. These mutations drive epigenetic changes, leading to promoter methylation at the nicotinic acid phosphoribosyl transferase (NAPRT) gene locus, which encodes an enzyme involved in generating NAD+. Importantly, NAPRT silencing introduces a therapeutic vulnerability to inhibitors targeting another NAD+ biogenesis enzyme, nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT), rationalizing a treatment for these malignancies. Multiple systemically administered NAMPT inhibitors (NAMPTi) have been developed and tested in clinical trials, but dose-limiting toxicities-including bone marrow suppression and retinal toxicity-have limited their efficacy. Here, we report a novel approach for the treatment of NAPRT-silenced GBMs using nanoparticle (NP)-encapsulated NAMPTis administered by convection-enhanced delivery (CED). We demonstrate that GMX1778 (a NAMPTi) can be formulated in degradable polymer NPs with retention of potency for NAMPT inhibition and anticancer activity in vitro, plus sustained drug release in vitro and in vivo. Direct injection of these drugs via CED into the brain is associated with reduced retinal toxicity compared with systemic administration. Finally, we show that CED of NP-encapsulated GMX1778 to NAPRT-silenced intracranial GBM xenografts in mice exhibit significant tumor growth delay and extends survival. These data support an approach to treat gliomas harboring defects in NAD+ metabolism using CED of NP-encapsulated NAMPTis to greatly improve the therapeutic index and treatment efficacy for this class of drugs."
6720,brain tumour,38691815,Prognostic Implications of Small Cell Lung Cancer Transcriptional Subtyping for CNS Metastases.,Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) often metastasizes to the brain and has poor prognosis. SCLC subtypes distinguished by expressing transcriptional factors ASCL1 or NEUROD1 have been identified. This study investigates the impact of transcription factor-defined SCLC subtype on incidence and outcomes of brain metastases (BMs).
6721,brain tumour,38691501,A Case of Reversible Paraplegia due to Multiple Intraspinal and Intracranial Cavernomas.,No abstract found
6722,brain tumour,38691494,A Large Intracranial Cystic Cavernous Angioma.,No abstract found
6723,brain tumour,38691485,Rathke's Cleft Cyst and Craniopharyngioma: A Continuum of the Same Spectrum? Insights from an Interesting Case and Previous Literature.,"Rathke's Cleft Cysts (RCCs) and Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) may represent disease entities on the same etio-pathological spectrum. We report the case of a 36-year-old female presenting with vision loss and menstrual irregularities, imaging shows a predominantly cystic lesion in the sellar region with suprasellar extension. She underwent a microscopic transnasal resection of the lesion. She later presented with recurrent symptoms and increased residual lesion size on imaging, a transcranial excision of the lesion was performed. Histopathology from the initial operative specimen revealed RCC with squamous metaplasia which was BRAF negative, while the specimen from the second surgery revealed BRAF positive papillary stratified squamous architecture suggestive of Papillary CP. This case adds to the evidence that both RCCs and papillary CPs may be the spectrum of the same disease. Further, papillary CPs may be an evolution from the RCCs."
6724,brain tumour,38691473,Classification of Glioblastoma Associated with Immune Checkpoints and Tumor Microenvironment based on Immunogenomic Profiling.,"Immune microenvironment is involved in tumor initiation and progression, and its effect on glioblastoma (GBM) is still unknown."
6725,brain tumour,38691356,Safety and Tolerability of Online Adaptive High-Field Magnetic Resonance-Guided Radiotherapy.,"In 2018, the first online adaptive magnetic resonance (MR)-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) system using a 1.5-T MR-equipped linear accelerator (1.5-T MR-Linac) was clinically introduced. This system enables online adaptive radiotherapy, in which the radiation plan is adapted to size and shape changes of targets at each treatment session based on daily MR-visualized anatomy."
6726,brain tumour,38691346,A Next-Generation BRAF Inhibitor Overcomes Resistance to BRAF Inhibition in Patients with BRAF-Mutant Cancers Using Pharmacokinetics-Informed Dose Escalation.,"RAF inhibitors have transformed treatment for patients with BRAFV600-mutant cancers, but clinical benefit is limited by adaptive induction of ERK signaling, genetic alterations that induce BRAFV600 dimerization, and poor brain penetration. Next-generation pan-RAF dimer inhibitors are limited by a narrow therapeutic index. PF-07799933 (ARRY-440) is a brain-penetrant, selective, pan-mutant BRAF inhibitor. PF-07799933 inhibited signaling in vitro, disrupted endogenous mutant-BRAF:wild-type-CRAF dimers, and spared wild-type ERK signaling. PF-07799933 ± binimetinib inhibited growth of mouse xenograft tumors driven by mutant BRAF that functions as dimers and by BRAFV600E with acquired resistance to current RAF inhibitors. We treated patients with treatment-refractory BRAF-mutant solid tumors in a first-in-human clinical trial (NCT05355701) that utilized a novel, flexible, pharmacokinetics-informed dose escalation design that allowed rapid achievement of PF-07799933 efficacious concentrations. PF-07799933 ± binimetinib was well-tolerated and resulted in multiple confirmed responses, systemically and in the brain, in patients with BRAF-mutant cancer who were refractory to approved RAF inhibitors. Significance: PF-07799933 treatment was associated with antitumor activity against BRAFV600- and non-V600-mutant cancers preclinically and in treatment-refractory patients, and PF-07799933 could be safely combined with a MEK inhibitor. The novel, rapid pharmacokinetics (PK)-informed dose escalation design provides a new paradigm for accelerating the testing of next-generation targeted therapies early in clinical development."
6727,brain tumour,38691276,Akinetopsia (visual motion blindness) associated with brain metastases: a case report.,"Akinetopsia is a rare neurological syndrome characterized by an impaired perception of movement, often resulting from brain damage due to ischemia, epilepsy, or medication. It is also known as visual motion blindness, and patients with this condition are unable to perceive motion normally even with perfect visual acuity. This report aims to present a case of a patient in their late 40 s who developed akinetopsia and also an impairment in movement perception of objects without emitting sounds, after experiencing a late relapse of breast cancer with the occurrence of multiple brain metastases. The patient also experienced visual hallucinations, night terrors, and difficulty forming anterograde memory. Neuroimaging with MRI revealed severe brain damage, especially in the middle temporal area of the visual cortex. Akinetopsia is a rare phenomenon, and this is the first known case of its association with brain metastases."
6728,brain tumour,38690888,55-Year Follow-Up of the First Adult Patient With Craniopharyngioma Treated With Gamma Knife Radiosurgery.,"In May 1968, Lars Leksell and Erik-Olof Backlund achieved a pioneering breakthrough by performing the first Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) on a craniopharyngioma (CP). Today, more than 50 years later, this patient remains under continuous monitoring, providing the longest documented follow-up of a GKRS-treated CP. This case report provides a complete record of the patient's preoperative presentation, surgical assessment, GKRS, and an extensive long-term follow-up with multiple interventions. The investigation involved analysis of archived and digitalized patient records and radiological images. The patient was a 21-year-old female who presented with amenorrhea and low levels of gonadotropins. Pneumoencephalography showed a calcified 2 × 2.5 cm mass located in the suprasellar region, indicative of a CP. Subsequent stereotactic puncture confirmed a predominantly solid nature of the CP. Given the size and composition of the tumor, the surgical team opted for GKRS. Dose planning was performed manually, with coordinates determined using Leksell's stereotactic frame. The tumor was targeted with a total dose of 50 Gy using 179 beams of 60 Co. Over the subsequent 55 years, the patient underwent radiological and clinical follow-ups. Throughout this period, 4 cystic tumor recurrences occurred and were managed by stereotactic puncture and Yttrium-90 instillation radiotherapy. The solid component remained stable without repeated GKRS. The patient suffered lateral quadrant anopsia and endocrinological deficits, necessitating pharmaceutical intervention. Despite these challenges, the patient is still living an active life at age 76 years. This case stands as historic evidence of long-term safety and efficacy of GKRS for CPs."
6729,brain tumour,38690474,Embolic Material Migration as the Predominant Contributing Factor to Prognostic Deterioration Following Combined Tumor Resection and Preoperative Embolization.,"Introduction Preoperative embolization can potentially facilitate surgical resection of challenging tumors in the intracranial and facial regions; however, its clinical efficacy remains controversial, mainly due to potential morbidity risks. We explored negative factors of the combined treatment of preoperative embolization and tumor resection that affect neurological prognosis. Method This retrospective study used clinical data from 132 consecutive tumors that underwent combined treatment at multiple facilities between January 2016 and May 2021. Basic patient information, tumor characteristics, and treatment details were assessed to identify predictors of deterioration as measured using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) score at three months post-treatment. Results Among the 126 eligible combined treatments, a deterioration in the postoperative mRS score was observed in 19/126 (15.1%). Complications related to embolization and tumor resection occurred in 8/126 (6.3%) and 19/125 (15.2%) of procedures, respectively. Multivariate analyses indicated significant associations between migration of embolic material (adjusted odds ratio 13.80; 95% confidence interval 1.25-152.52; p=0.03), elevated intraoperative blood loss (p=0.04), and deterioration of postoperative mRS score. Embolic material migration was identified as the primary prognostic factor for the deterioration of score. An analysis of 192 procedures, excluding those that exclusively used coils, identified embolization targeting the accessory meningeal artery (p=0.046) and the third segment of the internal maxillary artery (p=0.03) as a risk factor for embolic material migration. Conclusions Embolic material migration is the predominant factor associated with declining neurological outcome that persists into the chronic phase after combined treatment. Given that preoperative embolization is a supplementary treatment option, a thorough understanding of vascular anatomy and striving safe procedure are critical."
6730,brain tumour,38690285,Case report: Temozolomide induced hypermutation indicates an unfavorable response to immunotherapy in patient with gliomas.,"Temozolomide (TMZ) is a key component in the treatment of gliomas. Hypermutation induced by TMZ can be encountered in routine clinical practice, and its significance is progressively gaining recognition. However, the relationship between TMZ-induced hypermutation and the immunologic response remains controversial."
6731,brain tumour,38690214,Aspirin interruption before neurosurgical interventions: A controversial problem.,"Aspirin is widely used for primary or secondary prevention of ischemic events. At the same time, chronic aspirin consumption can affect blood clot formation during surgical intervention and increase intraoperative blood loss"
6732,brain tumour,38689816,Lhermitte-Duclos disease in a 51-year old patient.,"Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD) is a rare, slow-growing neoplasm that develops in the brain's posterior fossa. It can appear as a single lesion or as part of Cowden's syndrome. We report the case of a 51-year-old female with a history of diabetes, hypertension, and a previously treated neuroendocrine tumor, who presented to the hospital after experiencing a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Except for a tongue laceration, the neurological examination was unremarkable. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a T2 left cerebellar hemisphere pseudomass lesion with iso-hyperintense signals suggestive of Lhermitte-Duclos disease. This case describes a unique presentation of LDD and its various radiological manifestations, emphasizing the importance of neuroimaging in its diagnosis. Additionally, it contributes to the expanding literature on the varied manifestations of LDD."
6733,brain tumour,38689678,Metastases and Primary Brain Tumors Affecting the Fornix of the Brain.,"Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiological findings of metastatic tumors and primary brain tumors affecting the fornix. Methods  Between January 2015 and March 2023, we retrospectively evaluated 1087 patients of both sexes who underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for a preliminary diagnosis of intracranial malignancy in the radiology department of our hospital. Two radiologists with six and 10 years of experience in MRI examination assessed the relationship between primary and metastatic tumors and the fornix. Results  Involvement of the fornix was diagnosed in 29 of the 1087 patients (2.66%), of which fornix was affected by metastatic lesions in 14 patients (48.2%) and primary tumors in 15 patients (51.7%). The majority of metastatic lesions were from lung and breast cancers, with other tumor types including osteosarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, pleomorphic sarcoma, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Among all primary tumors, glioblastoma was the most common primary brain tumor invading the fornix, with other diagnoses including diffuse astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, and anaplastic oligodendroglioma. Metastatic and primary brain tumors affecting the fornix were detected over a broad timeline, from the time of diagnosis up to 120 months after diagnosis. A retrospective evaluation of medical records revealed memory deficits in four patients. Conclusion The fornix can be affected by both metastatic and primary brain tumors. It is crucial to understand the relevant neuroanatomical relationships when evaluating lesions that affect the fornix."
6734,brain tumour,38689460,Clinical and histopathological factors for recurrence and metastasis in lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma in Chinese patients.,To investigate the association of metabolism-related proteins and clinicopathological features with poor prognosis in lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (LGACC).
6735,brain tumour,38689362,Pembrolizumab response in stage IV luminal-type breast cancer with high microsatellite instability: a case report.,"Pembrolizumab (PEM), an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), is often used for triple-negative breast cancer, but can also be used to treat solid tumors that exhibit high microsatellite instability (MSI-High). However, patients with breast cancer rarely have MSI-High, the use of PEM in such cases in clinical practice is uncertain due to lack of sufficient supporting data. Here, we report the case of a premenopausal woman in who received PEM for MSI-High luminal-type breast cancer."
6736,brain tumour,38689357,The effect of preoperative TSH levels on perioperative complications in patients undergoing pituitary surgery.,Pituitary surgery involves special conditions for the anaesthetist due to the anatomical localisation and the role of the pituitary gland in hormonal balance. The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate the effect of TSH levels on perioperative complication rates in patients undergoing pituitary surgery.
6737,brain tumour,38689348,LOXL1-AS1 contributes to metastasis in sonic-hedgehog medulloblastoma by promoting cancer stem-like phenotypes.,"Medulloblastomas (MBs) are one of the most common malignant brain tumor types in children. MB prognosis, despite improvement in recent years, still depends on clinical and biological risk factors. Metastasis is the leading cause of MB-related deaths, which highlights an unmet need for risk stratification and targeted therapy to improve clinical outcomes. Among the four molecular subgroups, sonic-hedgehog (SHH)-MB harbors clinical and genetic heterogeneity with a subset of high-risk cases. Recently, long non-coding (lnc)RNAs were implied to contribute to cancer malignant progression, but their role in MB remains unclear. This study aimed to identify pro-malignant lncRNAs that have prognostic and therapeutic significance in SHH-MB."
6738,brain tumour,38689289,Advanced AI-driven approach for enhanced brain tumor detection from MRI images utilizing EfficientNetB2 with equalization and homomorphic filtering.,"Brain tumors pose a significant medical challenge necessitating precise detection and diagnosis, especially in Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Current methodologies reliant on traditional image processing and conventional machine learning encounter hurdles in accurately discerning tumor regions within intricate MRI scans, often susceptible to noise and varying image quality. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various aspects of healthcare, providing innovative solutions for diagnostics and treatment strategies. This paper introduces a novel AI-driven methodology for brain tumor detection from MRI images, leveraging the EfficientNetB2 deep learning architecture. Our approach incorporates advanced image preprocessing techniques, including image cropping, equalization, and the application of homomorphic filters, to enhance the quality of MRI data for more accurate tumor detection. The proposed model exhibits substantial performance enhancement by demonstrating validation accuracies of 99.83%, 99.75%, and 99.2% on BD-BrainTumor, Brain-tumor-detection, and Brain-MRI-images-for-brain-tumor-detection datasets respectively, this research holds promise for refined clinical diagnostics and patient care, fostering more accurate and reliable brain tumor identification from MRI images. All data is available on Github: https://github.com/muskan258/Brain-Tumor-Detection-from-MRI-Images-Utilizing-EfficientNetB2 )."
6739,brain tumour,38689115,Leveraging radiomics and machine learning to differentiate radiation necrosis from recurrence in patients with brain metastases.,Radiation necrosis (RN) can be difficult to radiographically discern from tumor progression after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The objective of this study was to investigate the utility of radiomics and machine learning (ML) to differentiate RN from recurrence in patients with brain metastases treated with SRS.
6740,brain tumour,38689102,Pineocytoma in a child with Pallister-Killian syndrome: a case report and review of the literature.,"Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS; OMIM #601803) is a rare genetic disorder typically characterized by developmental delay, seizures, sparse temporal hair, and facial dysmorphisms. PKS is most frequently caused by mosaic supernumerary isochromosome 12p. Here, we report a 27-month-old girl with a prenatal diagnosis of PKS and a histopathological diagnosis of pineocytoma."
6741,brain tumour,38688906,Author Correction: Spatiotemporal control of engineered bacteria to express interferon-γ by focused ultrasound for tumor immunotherapy.,No abstract found
6742,brain tumour,38688897,Identifying tumor type and cell type-specific gene expression alterations in pediatric central nervous system tumors.,"Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the leading cause of pediatric cancer death, and these patients have an increased risk for developing secondary neoplasms. Due to the low prevalence of pediatric CNS tumors, major advances in targeted therapies have been lagging compared to other adult tumors. We collect single nuclei RNA-seq data from 84,700 nuclei of 35 pediatric CNS tumors and three non-tumoral pediatric brain tissues and characterize tumor heterogeneity and transcriptomic alterations. We distinguish cell subpopulations associated with specific tumor types including radial glial cells in ependymomas and oligodendrocyte precursor cells in astrocytomas. In tumors, we observe pathways important in neural stem cell-like populations, a cell type previously associated with therapy resistance. Lastly, we identify transcriptomic alterations among pediatric CNS tumor types compared to non-tumor tissues, while accounting for cell type effects on gene expression. Our results suggest potential tumor type and cell type-specific targets for pediatric CNS tumor treatment. Here we address current gaps in understanding single nuclei gene expression profiles of previously under-investigated tumor types and enhance current knowledge of gene expression profiles of single cells of various pediatric CNS tumors."
6743,brain tumour,38688894,Mitochondrial antioxidant elamipretide improves learning and memory impairment induced by chronic sleep deprivation in mice.,"The inflammation and synaptic dysfunction induced by mitochondrial dysfunction play essential roles in the learning and memory impairment associated with sleep dysfunction. Elamipretide (SS-31), a novel mitochondrion-targeted antioxidant, was proven to improve mitochondrial dysfunction, the inflammatory response, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive impairment in models of cerebral ischemia, sepsis, and type 2 diabetes. However, the potential for SS-31 to improve the cognitive impairment induced by chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) and its underlying mechanisms is unknown."
6744,brain tumour,38688839,A Case of Gallbladder Cancer with Trousseau Syndrome Successfully Treated Using Radical Resection.,"Trousseau syndrome is characterized by cancer-associated systemic thrombosis. We describe the first case of a successfully treated gallbladder adenocarcinoma accompanied by Trousseau syndrome. A 66-year-old woman presented with right hemiplegia. Magnetic resonance imaging identified multiple cerebral infarctions. Her serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and D-dimer levels were markedly elevated, and a gallbladder tumor was detected via abdominal computed tomography. Venous ultrasonography of the lower limbs revealed a deep venous thrombus in the right peroneal vein. These findings suggested that the brain infarctions were likely caused by Trousseau syndrome associated with her gallbladder cancer. Radical resection of the gallbladder tumor was performed. The resected gallbladder was filled with mucus and was pathologically diagnosed as an adenocarcinoma. Her postoperative course was uneventful, and she received a one-year course of adjuvant therapy with oral S-1. No cancer recurrence or thrombosis was noted 26 months postoperatively. Despite concurrent Trousseau syndrome, a radical cure of the primary tumor and thrombosis could be achieved with the appropriate treatment."
6745,brain tumour,38688651,Long-term Intravital Investigation of an Orthotopic Glioma Mouse Model ,"Probing brain tumor microvasculature holds significant importance in both basic cancer research and medical practice for tracking tumor development and assessing treatment outcomes. However, few imaging methods commonly used in clinics can noninvasively monitor the brain microvascular network at high precision and without exogenous contrast agents in vivo. The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics of microvasculature during brain tumor development in an orthotopic glioma mouse model."
6746,brain tumour,38688589,Extensive Shrinkage and Long-term Stable Disease in a Teenage Female Patient With High-grade Glioma Treated With Temozolomide and Radiation in Combination With Oral Recombinant Methioninase and a Low-methionine Diet.,"Gliomas are the most common and recalcitrant malignant primary brain tumors. All cancer types are addicted to methionine, which is a fundamental and general hallmark of cancer known as the Hoffman effect. Particularly glioma cells exhibit methionine addiction. Because of methionine addiction, ["
6747,brain tumour,38688579,ScRNA-seq reveals novel immune-suppressive T cells and investigates CMV-TCR-T cells cytotoxicity against GBM.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal primary brain malignancy in adults. Previous studies have shown that cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a risk factor for tumorigenesis and aggressiveness for glioblastoma. However, little is known about how CMV infection affects immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of GBM. Furthermore, there has been almost no engineered T-cell receptor (TCR)-T targeting CMV for GBM research to date."
6748,brain tumour,38688467,Gray matter volume in women with the BRCA mutation with and without ovarian removal: evidence for increased risk of late-life Alzheimer's disease or dementia.,"Ovarian removal prior to spontaneous/natural menopause (SM) is associated with increased risk of late life dementias including Alzheimer's disease. This increased risk may be related to the sudden and early loss of endogenous estradiol. Women with breast cancer gene mutations (BRCAm) are counseled to undergo oophorectomy prior to SM to significantly reduce their risk of developing breast, ovarian, and cervical cancers. There is limited evidence of the neurological effects of ovarian removal prior to the age of SM showing women without the BRCAm had cortical thinning in medial temporal lobe structures. A second study in women with BRCAm and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) noted changes in cognition."
6749,brain tumour,38688308,"Real-World Use of Hypofractionated Radiotherapy for Primary CNS Tumors in the Elderly, and Implications on Medicare Spending.","For elderly patients with high-grade gliomas, 3-week hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) is noninferior to standard long-course radiotherapy (LCRT). We analyzed real-world utilization of HFRT with and without systemic therapy in Medicare beneficiaries treated with RT for primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors using Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services data."
6750,brain tumour,38688125,SRTRP-Net: A multi-task learning network for segmentation and prediction of stereotactic radiosurgery treatment response in brain metastases.,"Before the Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) treatment, it is of great clinical significance to avoid secondary genetic damage and guide the personalized treatment plans for patients with brain metastases (BM) by predicting the response to SRS treatment of brain metastatic lesions. Thus, we developed a multi-task learning model termed SRTRP-Net to provide prior knowledge of BM ROI and predict the SRS treatment response of the lesion. In dual-encoder tumor segmentation Network (DTS-Net), two parallel encoders encode the original and mirrored multi-modal MRI images. The differences in the dual-encoder features between foreground and background are enhanced by the symmetrical visual difference block (SVDB). In the bottom layer of the encoder, a transformer is used to extract local contextual features in the spatial and depth dimensions of low-resolution images. Then, the decoder of DTS-Net provides the prior knowledge for predicting the response to SRS treatment by performing BM segmentation. SRS response prediction network (SRP-Net) directly utilizes shared multi-modal MRI features weighted by the signed distance map (SDM) of the masks. The bidirectional multi-dimensional feature fusion module (BMDF) fuses the shared features and the clinical text information features to obtain comprehensive tumor information for characterizing tumors and predicting SRS treatment response. Experiments based on internal and external clinical datasets have shown that SRTRP-Net achieves comparable or better results. We believe that SRTRP-Net can help clinicians accurately develop personalized first-time treatment regimens for BM patients and improve their survival."
6751,brain tumour,38687925,Anti-epileptic drug use during adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy is associated with poorer survival in patients with glioblastoma: A nationwide population-based cohort study.,There are emerging but inconsistent evidences about anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) as radio- or chemo-sensitizers to improve survival in glioblastoma patients. We conducted a nationwide population-based study to evaluate the impact of concurrent AED during post-operative chemo-radiotherapy on outcome.
6752,brain tumour,38687825,Inhibiting Hippo pathway kinases releases WWC1 to promote AMPAR-dependent synaptic plasticity and long-term memory in mice.,"The localization, number, and function of postsynaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) are crucial for synaptic plasticity, a cellular correlate for learning and memory. The Hippo pathway member WWC1 is an important component of AMPAR-containing protein complexes. However, the availability of WWC1 is constrained by its interaction with the Hippo pathway kinases LATS1 and LATS2 (LATS1/2). Here, we explored the biochemical regulation of this interaction and found that it is pharmacologically targetable in vivo. In primary hippocampal neurons, phosphorylation of LATS1/2 by the upstream kinases MST1 and MST2 (MST1/2) enhanced the interaction between WWC1 and LATS1/2, which sequestered WWC1. Pharmacologically inhibiting MST1/2 in male mice and in human brain-derived organoids promoted the dissociation of WWC1 from LATS1/2, leading to an increase in WWC1 in AMPAR-containing complexes. MST1/2 inhibition enhanced synaptic transmission in mouse hippocampal brain slices and improved cognition in healthy male mice and in male mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and aging. Thus, compounds that disrupt the interaction between WWC1 and LATS1/2 might be explored for development as cognitive enhancers."
6753,brain tumour,38687769,Emerging roles of long non-coding RNAs in human epilepsy.,"Genome-scale biological studies conducted in the post-genomic era have revealed that two-thirds of human genes do not encode proteins. Most functional non-coding RNA transcripts in humans are products of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes, an abundant but still poorly understood class of human genes. As a result of their fundamental and multitasking regulatory roles, lncRNAs are associated with a wide range of human diseases, including neurological disorders. Approximately 40% of lncRNAs are specifically expressed in the brain, and many of them exhibit distinct spatiotemporal patterns of expression. Comparative genomics approaches have determined that 65%-75% of human lncRNA genes are primate-specific and hence can be posited as a contributing potential cause of the higher-order complexity of primates, including human, brains relative to those of other mammals. Although lncRNAs present important mechanistic examples of epileptogenic functions, the human/primate specificity of lncRNAs questions their relevance in rodent models. Here, we present an in-depth review that supports the contention that human lncRNAs are direct contributors to the etiology and pathogenesis of human epilepsy, as a means to accelerate the integration of lncRNAs into clinical practice as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Meta-analytically, the major finding of our review is the commonality of lncRNAs in epilepsy and cancer pathogenesis through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related pathways. In addition, neuroinflammation may be a relevant part of the common pathophysiology of cancer and epilepsy. LncRNAs affect neuroinflammation-related signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa- light- chain- enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), Notch, and phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase/ protein kinase B (Akt) (PI3K/AKT), with the NF-κB pathway being the most common. Besides the controversy over lncRNA research in non-primate models, whether neuroinflammation is triggered by injury and/or central nervous system (CNS) toxicity during epilepsy modeling in animals or is a direct consequence of epilepsy pathophysiology needs to be considered meticulously in future studies."
6754,brain tumour,38687607,PL-hMSC and CH-hMSC derived soluble factors inhibit proliferation but improve hGBM cell migration by activating TGF-β and inhibiting Wnt signaling.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common and aggressive brain tumors. GBM resists most chemotherapeutic agents, resulting in a high mortality rate in patients. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), which are parts of the cancer stroma, have been shown to be involved in the development and progression of GBM. However, different sources of hMSCs might affect GBM cells differently. In the present study, we established hMSCs from placenta (PL-hMSC) and chorion (CH-hMSC) to study the effects of their released soluble factors on the proliferation, migration, invasion, gene expression, and survival of human GBM cells, U251. We found that the soluble factors derived from CH-hMSCs and PL-hMSCs suppressed the proliferation of U251 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, soluble factors derived from both hMSC sources increased U251 migration without affecting their invasive property. The soluble factors derived from these hMSCs decreased the expression levels of CyclinD1, E2Fs and MYC genes that promote GBM cell proliferation but increased the expression level of TWIST gene, which promotes EMT and GBM cell migration. The functional study suggests that both hMSCs might exert their effects, at least in part, by activating TGF-β and suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling in U251 cells. Our study provides a better understanding of the interaction between GBM cells and gestational tissue-derived hMSCs. This knowledge might be used to develop safer and more effective stem cell therapy that improves the survival and quality of life of patients with GBM by manipulating the interaction between hMSCs and GBM cells."
6755,brain tumour,38687465,Inhibition of Human Colorectal Cancer by a Natural Product 7-Acetylhorminone and Interactions with BSA/HSA: Multispectral Analysis and In Silico and In Vitro Studies.,We have semi-synthesized a natural product 7-acetylhorminone from crude extract of 
6756,brain tumour,38687460,Glioma hexokinase 3 positively correlates with malignancy and macrophage infiltration.,"Glioma is the main subtype of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor with high malignancy and poor prognosis under current therapeutic approaches. Glycolysis and suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) are key markers of glioma with great importance for aggressive features of glioma and inferior clinical outcomes. Hexokinase 3 (HK3) is an important rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis, but its function in glioma remains unknown."
6757,brain tumour,38687438,Strategies for diagnosis and management of CMMRD in low-resource countries: report of a Tunisian family.,"Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency (CMMRD) is a rare childhood cancer predisposition syndrome, caused by biallelic pathogenic germline variants in the mismatch repair genes. Diagnosis and management of this syndrome is challenging, especially in low-resource settings. This study describes a patient diagnosed with colorectal cancer and grade 3 astrocytoma at the age of 11 and 12 respectively. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed a loss of MSH2 and MSH6 protein expression in CRC tissues of the patient. We identified by Targeted Exome Sequencing a homozygous pathogenic germline variant in exon 9 of the MSH6 gene (c.3991 C > T; p.Ala1268Glyfs*6). Genetic investigation of the family showed that the father was heterozygous for the identified pathogenic variant while the brother was wild type for this variant. Our study highlights the importance of a correct and timely diagnosis of CMMRD which can have implications for treatment. It also underlines the imperative need to enhance awareness, diagnostic standards, and surveillance that are crucial for patients and their families."
6758,brain tumour,38687371,EANM position on positron emission tomography in suspected functional pituitary neuroendocrine tumours.,No abstract found
6759,brain tumour,38687369,A novel immune cell signature for predicting glioblastoma after radiotherapy prognosis and guiding therapy.,
6760,brain tumour,38687345,Merkel Cell Carcinoma Metastases to Caruncle With Orbital Extension: Report and Literature Review.,"Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an uncommon and aggressive skin cancer of neuroendocrine origin. The tumor usually presents with a locoregional spread and most frequently metastasizes to the skin, liver, bone, lung, and brain. Despite the orbit being a relatively common site of metastases, it has rarely been reported in patients with MCC. The authors present a case of biopsy-proven orbital metastatic MCC in an 86-year-old male who presented with a rapidly enlarging right caruncle/subconjunctival mass with orbital extension and a history of forearm MCC excision 3 years prior. There are only 3 reported cases of distant metastatic MCC to the orbit, all presenting as a mass originating from extraocular muscles; and no cases of caruncle involvement."
6761,brain tumour,38687215,Intracranial Dermoid Cyst.,No abstract found
6762,brain tumour,38687049,Multi-omics analysis reveals the association between specific solute carrier proteins gene expression patterns and the immune suppressive microenvironment in glioma.,"Glioma is the most prevalent malignant brain tumour. Currently, reshaping its tumour microenvironment has emerged as an appealing strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy. As the largest group of transmembrane transport proteins, solute carrier proteins (SLCs) are responsible for the transmembrane transport of various metabolites and ions. They play a crucial role in regulating the metabolism and functions of malignant cells and immune cells within the tumour microenvironment, making them a promising target in cancer therapy. Through multidimensional data analysis and experimental validation, we investigated the genetic landscape of SLCs in glioma. We established a classification system comprising 7-SLCs to predict the prognosis of glioma patients and their potential responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Our findings unveiled specific SLC expression patterns and their correlation with the immune-suppressive microenvironment and metabolic status. The 7-SLC classification system was validated in distinguishing subgroups within the microenvironment, specifically identifying subsets involving malignant cells and tumour-associated macrophages. Furthermore, the orphan protein SLC43A3, a core member of the 7-SLC classification system, was identified as a key facilitator of tumour cell proliferation and migration, suggesting its potential as a novel target for cancer therapy."
6763,brain tumour,38687046,Extent of Resection Thresholds in Molecular Subgroups of Newly Diagnosed Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Wildtype Glioblastoma.,"Maximizing the extent of resection (EOR) improves outcomes in glioblastoma (GBM). However, previous GBM studies have not addressed the EOR impact in molecular subgroups beyond IDH1/IDH2 status. In the current article, we evaluate whether EOR confers a benefit in all GBM subtypes or only in particular molecular subgroups."
6764,brain tumour,38687036,Report on Pseudoaneurysm Caused by Injury of Internal Carotid Artery During Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery and Rebleeding After Treatment With Willis Covered Stent.,"Report on a case of pseudoaneurysm which was caused by injury of the internal carotid artery (ICA) during endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES), which was followed by rebleeding after treatment with a Willis covered stent."
6765,brain tumour,38686946,Clinical role of NDRG2-based methylation status on survival pattern of glioblastoma.,"Gliobalstoma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults with an extensive genetic and transcriptional heterogeneity, still identification of the role of DNA methylation, as one of epigenetic alterations, is emerged. Authors aimed to study the clinical role of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) -based methylation among GBM patients versus benign neurological diseases (BND), investigate its prognostic role and its relation with survival outcomes."
6766,brain tumour,38686917,An ,"Despite considerable improvement in therapy and diagnosis, brain tumors remain a global public health concern. Among all brain tumors, 80% are due to Glioblastoma. The average survival rate of a patient once diagnosed with glioblastoma is 15 months. Lately, the role of peptidase enzymes, especially Neprilysin, a neutral endopeptidase, is gaining attention for its role in tumor growth regulation. Neprilysin expressions are positively correlated with several tumors including GBM and reduced expression of NEP protein is associated with the pathogenesis of multiple tumors. One of the main reasons for NEP protein downregulation is the action of Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, especially HDAC1. Additionally, studies have reported that increased levels of HDAC1 are responsible for downregulating NEP gene expression. Hence, HDAC1 inhibition can be a good target to elevate NEP levels, which can be a good therapeutic approach to GBM. This study utilizes the computational drug repurposing tool, Schrodinger Maestro to identify HDAC1 inhibitors from the ZINC15 database.1379 FDA-approved drugs from the ZINC15 database were screened through molecular docking. Based on docking score and ligand-protein interaction, the top ten molecules were selected which were then subjected to binding energy calculation and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The three most active drugs from the MD simulations- ZINC22010649 (Panobinostat), ZINC4392649 (Tasimelteon) and ZINC1673 (Melphalan), were tested on C6 and U87 MG glioblastoma cells for cytotoxicity and HDAC1 protein levels using western blot analysis. Among the three drugs, Panobinostat exhibited potent cytotoxic action and showed a significant reduction in the HDAC1 protein levels.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."
6767,brain tumour,38686911,An Optimization Numerical Spiking Neural Membrane System with Adaptive Multi-Mutation Operators for Brain Tumor Segmentation.,"Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an important diagnostic technique for brain tumors due to its ability to generate images without tissue damage or skull artifacts. Therefore, MRI images are widely used to achieve the segmentation of brain tumors. This paper is the first attempt to discuss the use of optimization spiking neural P systems to improve the threshold segmentation of brain tumor images. To be specific, a threshold segmentation approach based on optimization numerical spiking neural "
6768,brain tumour,38686761,BPTF promotes glioma development through USP34-mediated de-ubiquitination of FOXC1.,"Glioma is the most prevalent malignant tumor of the brain, and the study of the molecular mechanisms associated with its development has important clinical significance. Our previous study found that BPTF promotes the malignant phenotype of glioma and is significantly associated with poor prognosis; the downstream regulatory mechanisms are explored in this study. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect protein expression in cells or tissues. BPTF knockdown as well as FOXC1-overexpressing lentiviruses were used in combination for the construction of the U251 cell model, leading to functional rescue experiments. CCK8 assay, flow cytometry, scratch assay, and Transwell assay were used to detect cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration, respectively. Finally, immunoprecipitation assays, combined with western blot (WB), were used to detect the interaction between proteins as well as the level of ubiquitination modification. The obtained results suggested that BPTF knockdown may inhibit the malignant behavior of glioma cells by downregulating FOXC1 expression. Moreover, FOXC1 expression was significantly higher in glioma tissues than in normal brain tissues and was significantly associated with higher tumor stage and worse patient prognosis. Finally, the mechanism of FOXC1 regulation by BPTF was found to result from the affected protein stability of FOXC1 through USP34-mediated de-ubiquitylation. In conclusion, the BPTF/FOXC1 axis was identified as a key promotor in glioma development and may be a potential target in the inhibition of glioma development."
6769,brain tumour,38686653,Autophagy-related CMTM6 promotes glioblastoma progression by activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway and acts as an onco-immunological biomarker.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is identified as one of the most prevalent and malignant brain tumors, characterized by poor treatment outcomes and a limited prognosis. CMTM6, a membrane protein, has been found to upregulate the expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 protein (PD-L1) and acts as an immune checkpoint inhibitor by inhibiting the programmed death 1 protein/PD-L1 signaling pathway. Recent research has demonstrated a high expression of CMTM6 in GBM, suggesting its potential role in influencing the pathogenesis and progression of GBM, as well as its association with immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. However, the underlying mechanism of CMTM6 in GBM requires further investigation."
6770,brain tumour,38686619,Development and validation of a nomogram to predict leptomeningeal metastases in lung adenocarcinoma: Cervical lymph node metastasis is an important association factor.,The goal of this study was to create a nomogram using routine parameters to predict leptomeningeal metastases (LMs) in advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) patients to prevent needless exams or lumbar punctures and to assist in accurately diagnosing LMs.
6771,brain tumour,38686473,[Analysis of clinical manifestations and imaging features of facial nerve schwannomas].,
6772,brain tumour,38686383,Development and validation of an MRI-Based nomogram to predict the effectiveness of immunotherapy for brain metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.,The variability and unpredictability of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in treating brain metastases (BMs) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the main concern. We assessed the utility of novel imaging biomarkers (radiomics) for discerning patients with NSCLC and BMs who would derive advantages from ICIs treatment.
6773,brain tumour,38686347,T-Cell-Based Platform for Functional Screening of T-Cell Receptors Identified in Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data Sets of Tumor-Infiltrating T-Cells.,"The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) has enabled in-depth gene expression analysis of several thousand cells isolated from tissues. We recently reported the application of scRNAseq toward the dissection of the tumor-infiltrating T-cell repertoire in human pancreatic cancer samples. In this study, we demonstrated that combined whole transcriptome and T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing provides an effective way to identify tumor-reactive TCR clonotypes on the basis of gene expression signatures. An important aspect in this respect was the experimental validation of TCR-mediated anti-tumor reactivity by means of an in vitro functional assay, which is the subject of the present protocol. This assay involves the transient transfection of mRNA gene constructs encoding TCRα/β pairs into a well-defined human T-cell line, followed by co-cultivation with the tumor cells of interest and detection of T-cell activation by flow cytometry. Due to the high transfectability and the low background reactivity of the mock-transfected T-cell line to a wide variety of tumor cells, this assay offers a highly robust and versatile platform for the functional screening of large numbers of TCR clonotypes as identified in scRNAseq data sets. Whereas the assay was initially developed to test TCRs of human origin, it was more recently also applied successfully for the screening of TCRs of murine origin. Key features • Efficient functional screening of-and discrimination between-TCRs isolated from tumor-reactive vs. bystander T-cell clones. • Applicable to TCRs from CD8"
6774,brain tumour,38686271,Unraveling the Landscape of Pediatric Glioblastoma Biomarkers: A Comprehensive Review of Enhancing Diagnostics and Therapeutic Insights.,"Glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive form of primary brain tumor, poses significant challenges to patients, caregivers, and clinicians alike. Pediatric glioblastoma is a rare and aggressive brain tumor that presents unique challenges in treatment. It differs from its adult counterpart in terms of genetic and molecular characteristics. Its incidence is relatively low, but the prognosis remains grim due to its aggressive behavior. Diagnosis relies on imaging techniques and histopathological analysis. The rarity of the disease underscores the need for effective treatment strategies. In recent years, the quest to understand and manage pediatric glioblastoma has seen a significant shift towards unraveling the intricate landscape of biomarkers. Surgery remains a cornerstone of glioblastoma management, aiming to resect as much of the tumor as possible. Glioblastoma's infiltrative nature presents challenges in achieving a complete surgical resection. This comprehensive review delves into the realm of pediatric glioblastoma biomarkers, shedding light on their potential to not only revolutionize diagnostics but also shape therapeutic strategies. From personalized treatment selection to the development of targeted therapies, the potential impact of these biomarkers on clinical outcomes is undeniable. Moreover, this review underscores the substantial implications of biomarker-driven approaches for therapeutic interventions. All advancements in targeted therapies and immunotherapy hold promise for the treatment of pediatric glioblastoma. The genetic profiling of tumors allows for personalized approaches, potentially improving treatment efficacy. The ethical dilemmas surrounding pediatric cancer treatment, particularly balancing potential benefits with risks, are complex. Ongoing clinical trials and preclinical research suggest exciting avenues for future interventions."
6775,brain tumour,38686269,"Epidemiological Study of Traumatic Brain and Spinal Injuries in a Pediatric Population: A One-Year Analysis of Prevalence, Causes and Trends.","Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. However, the epidemiology of pediatric brain and spine injuries in Bulgaria is poorly documented. This study aims to analyze and identify the prevalence, causes, and trends of traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries in pediatric patients during the period of 1st June 2022 to 30th June 2023. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the medical records of patients under 18 years of age who visited the emergency department of University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment (UMHAT) Burgas, Bulgaria between 1st June 2022 and 30th June 2023. The incidence and etiology were stratified by age, gender, and anamnesis. Data processing and analysis were performed with the statistical package IBM SPSS v. 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), and graphical analysis with MS Office Excel 2016 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA). Means ± standard deviation and 95% confidence interval were calculated. All p-values less than 0.05 were considered indicative of statistical significance. Results Data for patients aged <18 years, admitted to the emergency department (ED) of UMHAT Burgas, Bulgaria from 1st June 2022 to 30th June 2023 were analyzed ("
6776,brain tumour,38686193,Case report: A germline ,Genome instability plays a crucial role in promoting tumor development. Germline mutations in genes responsible for DNA repair are often associated with familial cancer syndromes. A noticeable exception is the 
6777,brain tumour,38686061,Fatal tumoral hemorrhage from brain metastases of renal cell carcinoma after stereotactic radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor and vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy combinations.,"Brain metastasis in renal cell carcinoma, which is reported in 10% of cases, leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Establishment of appropriate and safe treatment for brain metastasis renal cell carcinoma remains a pressing need."
6778,brain tumour,38686058,A review on potential heterocycles for the treatment of glioblastoma targeting receptor tyrosine kinases.,"Glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of brain tumor, poses significant challenges in terms of treatment success and patient survival. Current treatment modalities for glioblastoma include radiation therapy, surgical intervention, and chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the median survival rate remains dishearteningly low at 12-15 months. One of the major obstacles in treating glioblastoma is the recurrence of tumors, making chemotherapy the primary approach for secondary glioma patients. However, the efficacy of drugs is hampered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier and multidrug resistance mechanisms. Consequently, considerable research efforts have been directed toward understanding the underlying signaling pathways involved in glioma and developing targeted drugs. To tackle glioma, numerous studies have examined kinase-downstream signaling pathways such as RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK-MPAK. By targeting specific signaling pathways, heterocyclic compounds have demonstrated efficacy in glioma therapeutics. Additionally, key kinases including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), serine/threonine kinase, cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase (CTK), receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and lipid kinase (LK) have been considered for investigation. These pathways play crucial roles in drug effectiveness in glioma treatment. Heterocyclic compounds, encompassing pyrimidine, thiazole, quinazoline, imidazole, indole, acridone, triazine, and other derivatives, have shown promising results in targeting these pathways. As part of this review, we propose exploring novel structures with low toxicity and high potency for glioma treatment. The development of these compounds should strive to overcome multidrug resistance mechanisms and efficiently penetrate the blood-brain barrier. By optimizing the chemical properties and designing compounds with enhanced drug-like characteristics, we can maximize their therapeutic value and minimize adverse effects. Considering the complex nature of glioblastoma, these novel structures should be rigorously tested and evaluated for their efficacy and safety profiles."
6779,brain tumour,38686055,Multi-cohort comprehensive analysis unveiling the clinical value and therapeutic effect of ,"Clinical data indicates that glioma patients have poor treatment outcomes and clinical prognosis. The role of olfactory signaling pathway-related genes (OSPRGs) in glioma has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role and relationship between OSPRGs and glioma. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between OSPRGs and the overall survival of glioma based on public cohorts, and the target gene (G Protein Subunit Alpha L, "
6780,brain tumour,38686051,miR-200b-3p accelerates progression of pituitary adenomas by negatively regulating expression of RECK.,"MicroRNA (miR)-200b-3p has been associated with many tumors, but its involvement in pituitary adenoma is unclear. This study investigated the molecular mechanism underlying miR-200b-3p regulation in pituitary adenomas to provide a theoretical basis for treatment. Bioinformatics was used to analyze pituitary adenoma-related genes and screen new targets related to RECK and miRNA. As well, the relationship between miR-200b-3p and RECK protein was verified using a double-luciferase reporter gene assay. The expression of miR-200b-3p in clinical samples was analyzed by "
6781,brain tumour,38686045,Targeting brain tumors with innovative nanocarriers: bridging the gap through the blood-brain barrier.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is recognized as the most lethal and most highly invasive tumor. The high likelihood of treatment failure arises from the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and stem cells around GBM, which avert the entry of chemotherapeutic drugs into the tumor mass."
6782,brain tumour,38685911,Novel insights into osteocyte and inter-organ/tissue crosstalk.,"Osteocyte, a cell type living within the mineralized bone matrix and connected to each other by means of numerous dendrites, appears to play a major role in body homeostasis. Benefiting from the maturation of osteocyte extraction and culture technique, many cross-sectional studies have been conducted as a subject of intense research in recent years, illustrating the osteocyte-organ/tissue communication not only mechanically but also biochemically. The present review comprehensively evaluates the new research work on the possible crosstalk between osteocyte and closely situated or remote vital organs/tissues. We aim to bring together recent key advances and discuss the mutual effect of osteocyte and brain, kidney, vascular calcification, muscle, liver, adipose tissue, and tumor metastasis and elucidate the therapeutic potential of osteocyte."
6783,brain tumour,38685786,Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy Suppresses Radioresistance in U87 Human Glioma Cells by Inhibiting Yap1 and Hsp90 Proteins.,"Radiotherapy plays a vital role in the management of high-grade gliomas. However, the radio resistance of glioma cells limits the effect of radiation and drives recurrence inside the irradiated tumor volume leading to poor outcomes for patients."
6784,brain tumour,38685761,Anti-viral Effects of ,"Alzheimer's disease is a neurological dysfunction of the brain caused by neurodegeneration and oxidative stress. Some viruses, such as herpes viruses, HSV-1, and HSV-2, are causative agents of Alzheimer's disease and result in β-amyloid peptide and tau protein accumulation in the brain. Some antiviral drugs, such as valacyclovir, acyclovir, and foscarnet, reduce amyloid-beta and "
6785,brain tumour,38685685,A potassium-chloride co-transporter with altered genome architecture functions as a suppressor in glioma.,"Gliomas, the most lethal tumours in brain, have a poor prognosis despite accepting standard treatment. Limited benefits from current therapies can be attributed to genetic, epigenetic and microenvironmental cues that affect cell programming and drive tumour heterogeneity. Through the analysis of Hi-C data, we identified a potassium-chloride co-transporter SLC12A5 associated with disrupted topologically associating domain which was downregulated in tumour tissues. Multiple independent glioma cohorts were included to analyse the characterization of SLC12A5 and found it was significantly associated with pathological features, prognostic value, genomic alterations, transcriptional landscape and drug response. We constructed two SLC12A5 overexpression cell lines to verify the function of SLC12A5 that suppressed tumour cell proliferation and migration in vitro. In addition, SLC12A5 was also positively associated with GABA"
6786,brain tumour,38685674,Orexin-A mediates glioblastoma proliferation inhibition by increasing ferroptosis triggered by unstable iron pools and GPX4 depletion.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) represents a prevalent form of primary malignant tumours in the central nervous system, but the options for effective treatment are extremely limited. Ferroptosis, as the most enriched programmed cell death process in glioma, makes a critical difference in glioma progression. Consequently, inducing ferroptosis has become an appealing strategy for tackling gliomas. Through the utilization of multi-omics sequencing data analysis, flow cytometry, MDA detection and transmission electron microscopy, the impact of orexin-A on ferroptosis in GBM was assessed. In this report, we provide the first evidence that orexin-A exerts inhibitory effects on GBM proliferation via the induction of ferroptosis. This induction is achieved by instigating an unsustainable increase in iron levels and depletion of GPX4. Moreover, the regulation of TFRC, FTH1 and GPX4 expression through the targeting of NFE2L2 appears to be one of the potential mechanisms underlying orexin-A-induced ferroptosis."
6787,brain tumour,38685540,Developing theragnostics for Alzheimer's disease: Insights from cancer treatment.,"The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its associated economic and societal burdens are on the rise, but there are no curative treatments for AD. Interestingly, this neurodegenerative disease shares several biological and pathophysiological features with cancer, including cell-cycle dysregulation, angiogenesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, and DNA damage. However, the genetic factors contributing to the overlap in biological processes between cancer and AD have not been actively studied. In this review, we discuss the shared biological features of cancer and AD, the molecular targets of anticancer drugs, and therapeutic approaches. First, we outline the common biological features of cancer and AD. Second, we describe several anticancer drugs, their molecular targets, and their effects on AD pathology. Finally, we discuss how protein-protein interactions (PPIs), receptor inhibition, immunotherapy, and gene therapy can be exploited for the cure and management of both cancer and AD. Collectively, this review provides insights for the development of AD theragnostics based on cancer drugs and molecular targets."
6788,brain tumour,38685521,The PTPRZ1-MET/STAT3/ISG20 axis in glioma stem-like cells modulates tumor-associated macrophage polarization.,"Recent studies have revealed that PTPRZ1-MET (ZM) fusion plays a pivotal role in the progression of glioma to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), thus serving as a biomarker to distinguish between primary GBM and secondary GBM (sGBM). However, the mechanisms through which ZM fusion influences this progression remain to be elucidated. GBMs with ZM showed poorer prognoses and greater infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) than those without ZM. Glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) and TAMs play complex roles in glioma recurrence, glioma progression and therapy resistance. In this study, we analyzed RNA-seq data from sGBM patients' glioma tissues with or without ZM fusion, and found that stemness and macrophage markers were more highly expressed in sGBM patients harboring ZM than in those without ZM fusion. ZM enhanced the self-renewal and proliferation of GSCs, thereby accelerating glioma progression. In addition, ZM-positive GSCs facilitated the infiltration of TAMs and drove their polarization toward an immunosuppressive phenotype, which was primarily accomplished through the extracellular secretion of ISG20. Our research identified the MET-STAT3-ISG20 axis within GSCs, thus demonstrating the critical role of ZM in GBM initiation and progression. Our study demonstrated that, in contrast to ZM-positive differentiated glioma cells, ZM-positive GSCs upregulated ISG20 expression through the MET-STAT3-ISG20 axis. The extracellular secretion of ISG20 recruited and induced M2-like polarization in macrophages, thereby promoting tumor progression. Our results reveal a novel mechanism involved in ZM-positive GBM pathogenesis and identify potential therapeutic targets."
6789,brain tumour,38685462,Mitochondrial DNA Leakage and cGas/STING Pathway in Microglia: Crosstalk Between Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration.,"Neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by abnormal deposition of misfolded proteins, often present with progressive loss of neurons. Chronic neuroinflammation is a striking hallmark of neurodegeneration. Microglia, as the primary immune cells in the brain, is the main type of cells that participate in the formation of inflammatory microenvironment. Cytoplasmic free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a common component of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), can activate the cGas/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signalling, which subsequently produces type I interferon and proinflammatory cytokines. There are various sources of free mtDNA in microglial cytoplasm, but mitochondrial oxidative stress accumulation plays the vital role. The upregulation of cGas/STING pathway in microglia contributes to the abnormal and persistent microglial activation, accompanied by excessive secretion of neurotoxic inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which exacerbates the damage of neurons and promotes the development of neurodegeneration. Currently, novel therapeutic approaches need to be found to delay the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, and regulation of the cGas/STING signaling in microglia may be a potential target."
6790,brain tumour,38685448,Additive Value of Magnetic Resonance Simulation Before Chemoradiation in Evaluating Treatment Response and Pseudoprogression in High-Grade Gliomas.,"A dedicated magnetic resonance imaging simulation (MRsim) for radiation treatment (RT) planning in patients with high-grade glioma (HGG) can detect early radiologic changes, including tumor progression after surgery and before standard of care chemoradiation. This study aimed to determine the effect of using postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) versus MRsim as the baseline for response assessment and reporting pseudoprogression on follow-up imaging at 1 month (FU1) after chemoradiation."
6791,brain tumour,38685386,Effective glioblastoma immune sonodynamic treatment mediated by macrophage cell membrane cloaked biomimetic nanomedicines.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) as one of the most lethal brain tumours, remains poor therapeutic index due to its typical characters including heterogeneous, severe immune suppression as well as the existence of blood brain barrier (BBB). Immune sonodynamic (ISD) therapy combines noninvasive sonodynamic therapy with immunotherapy, which has great prospects for the combinational treatment of GBM. Herein, we develop macrophage cell membrane cloaked reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive biomimetic nanoparticles, co-delivering of sonosensitizer Ce6 and JQ1 (a bromo-domain protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitor which can down-regulate PD-L1) and realizing potent GBM ISD therapy. The ApoE peptide decorated macrophage membrane coating endows these biomimetic nanoparticles with low immunogenicity, efficient BBB permeability, prolonged blood circulation half-live and good biocompatibility. The ROS responsive polymeric inner core could be readily degraded as triggered by excessive ROS under the ultrasound once they accumulated in tumour cells, fast release encapsulated drugs. The generation of ROS not only killed tumour cells via sonodynamic therapy, but also induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) and further activated the anti-tumour immune response. The released JQ1 inhibited tumour cell proliferation and augmented the immune activities by inhibiting the PD-L1 expression on the surface of tumour cells. The cascade sonodynamic and immune therapy resulted in significantly improved median survival time in both orthotopic GL261 and PTEN deficient immunosuppressive CT2A GBM mice models. Therefore, our developed biomimetic nanoparticle platform provides a promising combinational therapy strategy to treat immune suppressive GBM."
6792,brain tumour,38685348,Predictors of Acute Cerebellar Bulge Prior to Posterior Fossa Lesion Resection.,"A cerebellar bulge prior to posterior fossa resection is an emergency condition during surgery. Intraoperative cerebellar bulging not only increases the difficulty of lesion resection but also brings additional postoperative complications. Currently, there are few systematic reports on this topic. The predictors of cerebellar bulge and how to effectively prevent intraoperative cerebellar bulge are discussed in this article."
6793,brain tumour,38685181,"Predictors of salvage therapy for parasagittal meningiomas treated with primary surgery, radiosurgery, or surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy.","Parasagittal meningiomas (PM) are treated with primary microsurgery, radiosurgery (SRS), or surgery with adjuvant radiation. We investigated predictors of tumor progression requiring salvage surgery or radiation treatment. We sought to determine whether primary treatment modality, or radiologic, histologic, and clinical variables were associated with tumor progression requiring salvage treatment."
6794,brain tumour,38685107,Germline biallelic BRCA2 pathogenic variants and medulloblastoma: an international cohort study.,"Constitutional heterozygous pathogenic variants in genes coding for some components of the Fanconi anemia-BRCA signaling pathway, which repairs DNA interstrand crosslinks, represent risk factors for common cancers, including breast, ovarian, pancreatic and prostate cancer. A high cancer risk is also a main clinical feature in patients with Fanconi anemia (FA), a rare condition characterized by bone marrow failure, endocrine and physical abnormalities. The mainly recessive condition is caused by germline pathogenic variants in one of 21 FA-BRCA pathway genes. Among patients with FA, the highest cancer risks are observed in patients with biallelic pathogenic variants in BRCA2 or PALB2. These patients develop a range of embryonal tumors and leukemia during the first decade of life, however, little is known about specific clinical, genetic and pathologic features or toxicities. Here, we present genetic, clinical, pathological and treatment characteristics observed in an international cohort of eight patients with FA due to biallelic BRCA2 pathogenic variants and medulloblastoma (MB), an embryonal tumor of the cerebellum. Median age at MB diagnosis was 32.5 months (range 7-58 months). All patients with available data had sonic hedgehog-MB. Six patients received chemotherapy and one patient also received proton radiation treatment. No life-threatening toxicities were documented. Prognosis was poor and all patients died shortly after MB diagnosis (median survival time 4.5 months, range 0-21 months) due to MB or other neoplasms. In conclusion, MB in patients with biallelic BRCA2 pathogenic variants is a lethal disease. Future experimental treatments are necessary to help these patients."
6795,brain tumour,38685050,Blocking the MIF-CD74 axis augments radiotherapy efficacy for brain metastasis in NSCLC via synergistically promoting microglia M1 polarization.,"Brain metastasis is one of the main causes of recurrence and death in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although radiotherapy is the main local therapy for brain metastasis, it is inevitable that some cancer cells become resistant to radiation. Microglia, as macrophages colonized in the brain, play an important role in the tumor microenvironment. Radiotherapy could activate microglia to polarize into both the M1 and M2 phenotypes. Therefore, searching for crosstalk molecules within the microenvironment that can specifically regulate the polarization of microglia is a potential strategy for improving radiation resistance."
6796,brain tumour,38685046,Peripheral-central network analysis of cancer cachexia status accompanied by the polarization of hypothalamic microglia with low expression of inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors.,"While the excessive inflammation in cancer cachexia is well-known to be induced by the overproduction of inflammatory mediators in the periphery, microflora disruption and brain dysfunction are also considered to contribute to the induction of cancer cachexia. Hypothalamic microglia play a crucial role in brain inflammation and central-peripheral immune circuits via the production of inflammatory mediators. In the present study, we evaluated possible changes in excessive secretion of gut microbiota-derived endotoxin and the expression timeline of several inflammation-regulatory mediators and their inhibiting modulators in hypothalamic microglia of a mouse model of cancer cachexia following transplantation of pancreatic cancer cells. We demonstrated that the plasma level of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was significantly increased with an increase in anaerobic bacteria, especially Firmicutes, in the gut at the late stage of tumor-bearing mice that exhibited dramatic appetite loss, sarcopenia and severe peripheral immune suppression. At the early stage, in which tumor-bearing mice had not yet displayed ""cachexia symptoms"", the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but not of the neurodegenerative and severe inflammatory modulator lipocalin-2 (LCN2), was significantly increased, whereas at the late ""cachexia stage"", the level of LCN2 mRNA was significantly increased along with significant decreases in levels of inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and CD112R in hypothalamic microglia. In addition, a high density of activated neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus region and a significant increase in corticosterone secretion were found in cachexia model mice. Related to the cachexia state, released corticosterone was clearly increased in normal mice with specific activation of PVN neurons. A marked decrease in the natural killer cell population was also observed in the spleen of mice with robust activation of PVN neurons as well as mice with cancer cachexia. On the other hand, in vivo administration of LPS in normal mice induced hypothalamic microglia with low expression of inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors. These findings suggest that the induction of cancer cachexia may parallel exacerbation of the hypothalamic inflammatory status with polarization to microglia expressed with low levels of inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors following LPS release from the gut microflora."
6797,brain tumour,38684915,Glutamine-mediated epigenetic regulation of cFLIP underlies resistance to TRAIL in pancreatic cancer.,"Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anticancer agent because it kills cancer cells while sparing normal cells. However, many cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), exhibit intrinsic or acquired resistance to TRAIL, and the molecular mechanisms underlying TRAIL resistance in cancers, particularly in PDAC, remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that glutamine (Gln) endows PDAC cells with resistance to TRAIL through KDM4C-mediated epigenetic regulation of cFLIP. Inhibition of glutaminolysis significantly reduced the cFLIP level, leading to TRAIL-mediated formation of death-inducing signaling complexes. Overexpression of cFLIP dramatically rescued PDAC cells from TRAIL/Gln deprivation-induced apoptosis. Alpha-Ketoglutarate (aKG) supplementation significantly reversed the decrease in the cFLIP level induced by glutaminolysis inhibition and rescued PDAC cells from TRAIL/Gln deprivation-induced apoptosis. Knockdown of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2, which facilitates the conversion of oxaloacetate and glutamate into aspartate and aKG, decreased aKG production and the cFLIP level and activated TRAIL-induced apoptosis. AKG-mediated epigenetic regulation was necessary for maintaining a high level of cFLIP. Glutaminolysis inhibition increased the abundance of H3K9me3 in the cFLIP promoter, indicating that Gln-derived aKG production is important for Jumonji-domain histone demethylase (JHDM)-mediated cFLIP regulation. The JHDM KDM4C regulated cFLIP expression by binding to its promoter, and KDM4C knockdown sensitized PDAC cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The present findings suggest that Gln-derived aKG production is required for KDM4C-mediated epigenetic regulation of cFLIP, which leads to resistance to TRAIL."
6798,brain tumour,38684700,VC-resist glioblastoma cell state: vessel co-option as a key driver of chemoradiation resistance.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly lethal type of cancer. GBM recurrence following chemoradiation is typically attributed to the regrowth of invasive and resistant cells. Therefore, there is a pressing need to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying GBM resistance to chemoradiation and its ability to infiltrate. Using a combination of transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic analyses, longitudinal imaging, organotypic cultures, functional assays, animal studies, and clinical data analyses, we demonstrate that chemoradiation and brain vasculature induce cell transition to a functional state named VC-Resist (vessel co-opting and resistant cell state). This cell state is midway along the transcriptomic axis between proneural and mesenchymal GBM cells and is closer to the AC/MES1-like state. VC-Resist GBM cells are highly vessel co-opting, allowing significant infiltration into the surrounding brain tissue and homing to the perivascular niche, which in turn induces even more VC-Resist transition. The molecular and functional characteristics of this FGFR1-YAP1-dependent GBM cell state, including resistance to DNA damage, enrichment in the G2M phase, and induction of senescence/stemness pathways, contribute to its enhanced resistance to chemoradiation. These findings demonstrate how vessel co-option, perivascular niche, and GBM cell plasticity jointly drive resistance to therapy during GBM recurrence."
6799,brain tumour,38684578,Two-headed UNetEfficientNets for parallel execution of segmentation and classification of brain tumors: incorporating postprocessing techniques with connected component labelling.,"The purpose of this study is to develop accurate and automated detection and segmentation methods for brain tumors, given their significant fatality rates, with aggressive malignant tumors like Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) having a five-year survival rate as low as 5 to 10%. This underscores the urgent need to improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes through innovative approaches in medical imaging and deep learning techniques."
6800,brain tumour,38684566,Prediction of the treatment response and local failure of patients with brain metastasis treated with stereotactic radiosurgery using machine learning: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) effectively treats brain metastases. It can provide local control, symptom relief, and improved survival rates, but it poses challenges in selecting optimal candidates, determining dose and fractionation, monitoring for toxicity, and integrating with other modalities. Practical tools to predict patient outcomes are also needed. Machine learning (ML) is currently used to predict treatment outcomes. We aim to investigate the accuracy of ML in predicting treatment response and local failure of brain metastasis treated with SRS."
6801,brain tumour,38684506,Efficacy of the Craniopharyngioma Resection via Expanded Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Approach in the Treatment of Complex Craniopharyngioma and Its Effect on Pituitary Function and Complications of Patients.,"Surgical resection is the most effective method for craniopharyngioma, with complex operations and a high incidence of complications, especially for complex craniopharyngioma. The study focuses on selecting a proper surgical method to treat complex craniopharyngioma. A clinical study was conducted in this direction to explore the efficacy of expanded endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETS) and transcranial approach (TCA) in the treatment of complex craniopharyngioma and their effects on pituitary function and complications of patients."
6802,brain tumour,38684320,Interrater Agreement of BT-RADS for Evaluation of Follow-up MRI in Patients with Treated Primary Brain Tumor.,"The Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS) is a structured radiology reporting algorithm that was introduced to provide uniformity in posttreatment primary brain tumor follow-up and reporting, but its interrater reliability (IRR) assessment has not been widely studied. Our goal is to evaluate the IRR among neuroradiologists and radiology residents in the use of BT-RADS."
6803,brain tumour,38684319,Sex-Specific Differences in Patients with ,"Understanding sex-based differences in patients with glioblastoma is necessary for accurate personalized treatment planning to improve patient outcomes. Our purpose was to investigate sex-specific differences in molecular, clinical, and radiologic tumor parameters, as well as survival outcomes in patients with glioblastoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 wild-type ("
6804,brain tumour,38684246,SUPRAMAX-study: supramaximal resection versus maximal resection for glioblastoma patients: study protocol for an international multicentre prospective cohort study (ENCRAM 2201).,"A greater extent of resection of the contrast-enhancing (CE) tumour part has been associated with improved outcomes in glioblastoma. Recent results suggest that resection of the non-contrast-enhancing (NCE) part might yield even better survival outcomes (supramaximal resection, SMR). Therefore, this study evaluates the efficacy and safety of SMR with and without mapping techniques in high-grade glioma (HGG) patients in terms of survival, functional, neurological, cognitive and quality of life outcomes. Furthermore, it evaluates which patients benefit the most from SMR, and how they could be identified preoperatively."
6805,brain tumour,38684041,"Association of Clinical, Tumor, and Treatment Characteristics With Seizure Control in Patients With ",Patients with 
6806,brain tumour,38683396,Highlighting the significance of the dentate nucleus: insights from a multicentered retrospective review on cerebellar mutism in pediatric posterior fossa tumor resection.,No abstract found
6807,brain tumour,38683350,Advanced diffusion MRI provides evidence for altered axonal microstructure and gradual peritumoral infiltration in GBM in comparison to brain metastases.,"In contrast to peritumoral edema in metastases, GBM is histopathologically characterized by infiltrating tumor cells within the T2 signal alterations. We hypothesized that depending on the distance from the outline of the contrast-enhancing tumor we might reveal imaging evidence of gradual peritumoral infiltration in GBM and predominantly vasogenic edema around metastases. We thus investigated the gradual change of advanced diffusion metrics with the peritumoral zone in metastases and GBM."
6808,brain tumour,38683296,Clinico-pathologic factors and survival of patients with breast cancer diagnosed with de novo brain metastasis: a national cancer database analysis.,Patients with Breast Cancer (BC) with Brain Metastasis (BCBM) have poor survival outcomes. We aimed to explore the clinico-pathologic and therapeutic factors predicting the survival in patients with de novo BCBM using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).
6809,brain tumour,38683153,Convolutional Neural Networks for Glioma Segmentation and Prognosis: A Systematic Review.,"Deep learning (DL) is poised to redefine the way medical images are processed and analyzed. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a specific type of DL architecture, are exceptional for high-throughput processing, allowing for the effective extraction of relevant diagnostic patterns from large volumes of complex visual data. This technology has garnered substantial interest in the field of neuro-oncology as a promising tool to enhance medical imaging throughput and analysis. A multitude of methods harnessing MRI-based CNNs have been proposed for brain tumor segmentation, classification, and prognosis prediction. They are often applied to gliomas, the most common primary brain cancer, to classify subtypes with the goal of guiding therapy decisions. Additionally, the difficulty of repeating brain biopsies to evaluate treatment response in the setting of often confusing imaging findings provides a unique niche for CNNs to help distinguish the treatment response to gliomas. For example, glioblastoma, the most aggressive type of brain cancer, can grow due to poor treatment response, can appear to grow acutely due to treatment-related inflammation as the tumor dies (pseudo-progression), or falsely appear to be regrowing after treatment as a result of brain damage from radiation (radiation necrosis). CNNs are being applied to separate this diagnostic dilemma. This review provides a detailed synthesis of recent DL methods and applications for intratumor segmentation, glioma classification, and prognosis prediction. Furthermore, this review discusses the future direction of MRI-based CNN in the field of neuro-oncology and challenges in model interpretability, data availability, and computation efficiency."
6810,brain tumour,38683135,EDA2R reflects the acute brain response to cranial irradiation in liquid biopsies.,"Cranial radiotherapy is standard of care for high-grade brain tumors and metastases; however, it induces debilitating neurocognitive impairments in cancer survivors, especially children. As the numbers of pediatric brain cancer survivors continue improving, the numbers of individuals developing life-long neurocognitive sequalae are consequently expected to rise. Yet, there are no established biomarkers estimating the degree of the irradiation-induced brain injury at completion of radiotherapy to predict the severity of the expected neurocognitive complications. We aimed to identify sensitive biomarkers associated with brain response to irradiation that can be measured in easily accessible clinical materials, such as liquid biopsies."
6811,brain tumour,38682916,Ultrasound imaging guided precision histotripsy: Effects of pulse settings on ablation properties in rat brain.,"A high-frequency 6 MHz miniature handheld histotripsy device with an endoscopic form factor and co-registered high-resolution ultrasound imaging was developed. This device could allow precision histotripsy ablation during minimally invasive brain tumor surgeries with real-time image guidance. This study characterized the outcome of acute histotripsy in the normal in vivo rat brain using the device with a range of histotripsy pulse settings, including number of cycles, pulse repetition frequency, and pressure, as well as other experimental factors. The stability and shape of the bubble cloud were measured during ablations, as well as the post-histotripsy ablation shape in ultrasound B-mode and histology. The results were compared between histological images and the ultrasound imaging data to determine how well ultrasound data reflected observable damage in histology. The results indicated that while pulse settings can have some influence on ablation shape, sample-to-sample variation had a larger influence on ablation shape. This suggests that real-time ablation monitoring is essential for accurate knowledge of outcomes. Ultrasound imaging provided an accurate real-time indication of ablation shape both during ablation and post-ablation."
6812,brain tumour,38682485,A Pathologically Friendly Strategy for Determining the Organ-specific Spatial Tumor Microenvironment Topology in Lung Adenocarcinoma Through the Integration of snRandom-seq and Imaging Mass Cytometry.,"Heterogeneous organ-specific responses to immunotherapy exist in lung cancer. Dissecting tumor microenvironment (TME) can provide new insights into the mechanisms of divergent responses, the process of which remains poor, partly due to the challenges associated with single-cell profiling using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) materials. In this study, single-cell nuclei RNA sequencing and imaging mass cytometry (IMC) are used to dissect organ-specific cellular and spatial TME based on FFPE samples from paired primary lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and metastases. Single-cell analyses of 84 294 cells from sequencing and 250 600 cells from IMC reveal divergent organ-specific immune niches. For sites of LUAD responding well to immunotherapy, including primary LUAD and adrenal gland metastases, a significant enrichment of B, plasma, and T cells is detected. Spatially resolved maps reveal cellular neighborhoods recapitulating functional units of the tumor ecosystem and the spatial proximity of B and CD4"
6813,brain tumour,38682343,"Investigation of the effects of thiazole compounds on thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR) targeted human brain glioblastoma cancer (U-87 MG).","Cancer is a fatal disease that kills thousands of people worldwide. Despite the information produced by research on cancer treatment, applications in cancer treatment are limited. Therefore, scientists' efforts to develop more effective treatment approaches continue. In the study, we aimed to determine the anticancer potential of amino thiazole compounds on human glioblastoma (U-87 MG) and human dermal fibroblast (HDFa) cells and their inhibition effects on enzymes that cause multidrug resistance in cancer cells. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide cell viability test was performed to understand the cytotoxic properties of thiazole derivatives. The cellular death mechanisms behind thiazole application were investigated using flow cytometry analysis. According to cell viability analysis, thiazole derivatives exhibited a greater effect on U-87 MG than the HDFa cell line in terms of cytotoxicity. Flow cytometry showed higher apoptotic cell death in U-87 MG cells than in the HDFa cell line. It can be concluded that thiazole compounds exert anticancer effects on U-87 MG and HDFa as well as show apoptotic properties. Their effects on thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities, which are important in the development of chemotherapeutic methods, were also examined. From the results obtained, it was determined that the 2-amino-4-(p-tolyl)thiazole (T7) compound significantly suppressed both TrxR1 and GST activities, and the 2-amino-6-methylbenzothiazole (T8) compound significantly suppressed both TrxR1 and GST activities. Compound T7 was determined to be a selective inhibitor for TrxR1 and GST targeting, and compound T8 was determined to be a selective inhibitor for TrxR1 and GR targeting glioblastoma treatment."
6814,brain tumour,38682209,Promising Therapeutic Approach in Pancreatic Cancer: Metabolism-Related Genes.,"Most pancreatic cancers are pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. This is an extremely lethal disease with poor prognosis and almost no treatment choices. Considering the profound role of the pancreas in the human body, malfunction of this organ can significantly affect quality of life. Although multiple metabolic pathways are altered in cancer cells, certain metabolic gene signatures may be critical for immunotherapy. The reprogrammed metabolism of glucose, amino acids, and lipids can nourish the tumor microenvironment (TME). Previous studies have also shown that reprogrammed metabolism influences immune responses. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the TME can adapt their metabolism to blunt the immune system, leading to immunosuppression and tumor progression. The identification of metabolism-related genes (MRGs) associated with immune reactions in pancreatic cancer may lead to improved treatments. This review highlights the characteristics of MRGs in pancreatic cancer and suggests that enhanced anti-cancer therapies could be used to overcome resistance to immunotherapy."
6815,brain tumour,38682202,Antipsychotic Zuclopenthixol Inhibits Melanoma Growth and Brain Metastasis by Inducing Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest.,"The incidence of melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) is high and significantly compromises patient survival and quality of life. Effective treatment of MBM is made difficult by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), since it restricts the entry of drugs into the brain. Certain anti-psychotic drugs able to cross the BBB have demonstrated efficacy in suppressing brain metastasis in preclinical studies. However, the activity of zuclopenthixol against MBM is not yet clear."
6816,brain tumour,38682186,The Metabolism of Coenzyme A and Its Derivatives Plays a Crucial Role in Diseases.,"Coenzyme A (CoA) functions as a crucial carrier of acyl groups within cells, playing a fundamental role in regulating acyl transfer reactions and participating in cellular metabolic processes. As the principal substrate and cofactor engaged in diverse metabolic reactions, CoA and its derivatives exert central influence over various physiological processes, primarily modulating lipid and ketone metabolism, as well as protein modification. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms by which CoA influences the onset and progression of cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), neurodegenerative disorders, and other illnesses. The main focal points include the following. (1) In cancer, enzymes such as acetyl-CoA synthetase 2, ATP citrate lyase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase regulate lipid synthesis and energy metabolism by modulating acetyl-CoA levels. (2) In CVD, the effects of enzymes such as stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMGC) synthase 2, and HMGC reductase on the formation and advancement of these diseases are elucidated by their regulation of CoA metabolism across multiple organs. (3) In neurodegenerative disorders, the significance of CoA in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis in the brain and its implications on the development of such disorders are thoroughly discussed. The metabolic processes involving CoA and its derivatives span all physiological aspects within cells, playing a critical role in the onset and progression of various diseases. Elucidating the role of CoA in these conditions yields important insights that can serve as valuable references and guidance for disease diagnosis, treatment, and drug development."
6817,brain tumour,38682182,"Multi-Omics Pan-Cancer Analysis of Procollagen N-Propeptidase Gene Family of ADAMTS as Novel Biomarkers to Associate with Prognosis, Tumor Immune Microenvironment, Signaling Pathways, and Drug Sensitivities.",The extracellular matrix (ECM) modeling induced by the metalloproteinases is a vital characteristic for tumor progression. Previous studies mainly focus on the functions of two subgroups of metalloproteinases: matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs) in tumors. The roles of another important group: the ADAMs with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) remain unclear. This study aimed to perform a pan-cancer analysis of procollagen N-propeptidase subgroup of ADAMTS (PNPSA).
6818,brain tumour,38682020,IGF2BP2 modulates autophagy and serves as a prognostic marker in glioma.,"Glioma, a malignant brain tumor originating from neural glial cells, presents significant treatment challenges. However, the underlying mechanisms of glioma development are not fully understood, and effective targets are lacking. This study provides insights into the role of insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) in glioma progression and its therapeutic potential. Our analysis illustrated that elevated IGF2BP2 expression associated with significantly shorter survival among patients with low-grade glioma (LGG) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. IGF2BP2 depletion led to compromised cell viability, G0/G1 phase arrest, and reduced colony-formation ability. Furthermore, ultrastructural analysis and mCherry-GFP-LC3 reporter assay revealed an increased abundance of autophagosomes upon IGF2BP2 knockdown. Western blot analysis corroborated these findings by showing reduced p62 levels coupled with increased LC3-ІІ/LC3-I ratio upon IGF2BP2 knockdown. A multicolor immunohistochemistry assay demonstrated the positive correlation between IGF2BP2 and p62 expression in glioma patient samples. Additionally, our analysis suggested a link between IGF2BP2 expression and drug-resistant markers in TCGA-LGG samples, and Cell Counting Kit-8 cell viability assay revealed that knockdown of IGF2BP2 sensitized cells to temozolomide treatment. This comprehensive exploration unveils the role of IGF2BP2 in glioma progression, shedding light on autophagy modulation and chemosensitization strategies for glioma therapy."
6819,brain tumour,38681994,Anesthesia Management in Massive Occipital Meningoencephalocele with Chiari III Malformation: A Case Report.,"Arnold-Chiari malformation is a displacement of the brain into the spinal canal, often leading to hemodynamic distress. Arnold-Chiari malformation type III (CM III) is a rare and severe type that requires early detection to prevent complications. We aim to report this rare presentation of CM III. A 16-month-old girl with a massive tumor of the occiput suspected to be a meningoencephalocele with CM III was referred to the neurosurgery department. The patient was assessed with class 3 American Society of Anesthesiologist classification, posed challenges due to a difficult airway and the presence of a meningoencephalocele. The patient was scheduled for an elective surgery. Preoperative, the patient was lethargic with an abnormal heart rate and blood pressure. Induction was performed while preserving spontaneous ventilation, but was assisted by an oropharyngeal airway due to a short neck and obesity. The patient later developed laryngospasm thus, muscle relaxant and propofol were administered. A rescue laryngeal mask airway was inserted due to desaturation. Intubation was performed with video laryngoscope. When the surgeon opened the cele and removed the cerebrospinal fluid, the blood pressure began to decline. Resection of brain tissue caused the patient started to bleed, fluid and blood products were administered. At the end of surgery, the patient had stable hemodynamics and was transferred to the pediatric intensive care for monitoring. In patients with massive occipital meningoencephalocele and CM III, anesthetic management requires smooth intubation and prevention of excessive manipulation of the cervical joint to prevent increased intracranial pressure. The patient was not extubated because the brainstem could not be sufficiently reduced coupled with significant autonomic dysfunction."
6820,brain tumour,38681951,The existence of cranial bone flap displacement during brain radiotherapy.,"This retrospective study examined bone flap displacement during radiotherapy in 25 post-operative brain tumour patients. Though never exceeding 2.5 mm, the sheer frequency of displacement highlights the need for future research on larger populations to validate its presence and assess the potential clinical impact on planning tumour volume margins."
6821,brain tumour,38681893,Integrating Overall Survival and Tumor Control Probability Models to Predict Local Progression After Brain Metastasis Radiosurgery.,"Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases is frequently prescribed to the maximum tolerated dose to minimize the probability of local progression. However, many patients die from extracranial disease prior to local progression and may not require maximally aggressive treatment. Recently, improvements in models of SRS tumor control probability (TCP) and overall survival (OS) have been made. We predicted that by combining models of OS and TCP, we could better predict the true risk of local progression after SRS than by using TCP modeling alone."
6822,brain tumour,38681891,How Does the Number of Brain Metastases Correlate With Normal Brain Exposure in Single-Isocenter Multitarget Multifraction Stereotactic Radiosurgery.,"To investigate the relationship between normal brain exposure in LINAC-based single-isocenter multitarget multifraction stereotactic radiosurgery or stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) and the number or volume of treated brain metastases, especially for high numbers of metastases."
6823,brain tumour,38681801,Enhanced therapeutic efficacy for glioblastoma immunotherapy with an oncolytic herpes simplex virus armed with anti-PD-1 antibody and IL-12.,"Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor and has limited treatment options. Hence, innovative approaches are urgently needed. Oncolytic virus therapy is emerging as a promising modality for cancer treatment due to its tumor-specific targeting and immune-stimulatory properties. In this study, we developed a new generation of oncolytic herpes simplex virus C5252 by deletion of a 15-kb internal repeat region and both copies of "
6824,brain tumour,38681778,StemnesScoRe: an R package to estimate the stemness of glioma cancer cells at single-cell resolution.,"Glioblastoma is the most heterogeneous and the most difficult-to-treat type of brain tumor and one of the deadliest among all cancers. The high plasticity of glioma cancer stem cells and the resistance they develop against multiple modalities of therapy, along with their high heterogeneity, are the main challenges faced during treatment of glioblastoma. Therefore, a better understanding of the stemness characteristics of glioblastoma cells is needed. With the development of various single-cell technologies and increasing applications of machine learning, indices based on transcriptomic and/or epigenomic data have been developed to quantitatively measure cellular states and stemness. In this study, we aimed to develop a glioma-specific stemness score model using scATAC-seq data for the first time."
6825,brain tumour,38681768,Vascular complications in craniopharyngioma-resected paediatric patients: a single-center experience.,"Craniopharyngioma (CP), although slow growing and histologically benign, has high morbidity, mostly related to hypothalamus-pituitary dysfunction and electrolyte imbalance. Increased risk of vascular complications has been described. However, data are still poor, especially in the paediatric population. The aim of our study was to evaluate the occurrence, timing, and predisposing factors of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and other vascular alterations in neurosurgical paediatric CP patients."
6826,brain tumour,38681727,VSP-2 attenuates secretion of inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS in BV2 cells by mediating the PPARγ,"Neuroinflammation, characterized by microglial activation and the subsequent secretion of inflammatory cytokines, plays a pivotal role in neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries, often leading to neuronal damage and death. Alleviating neuroinflammation has thus emerged as a promising strategy to protect neurons and ameliorate neurodegenerative disorders. While peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists have demonstrated potential therapeutic actions on neuroinflammation, their prolonged use, such as with rosiglitazone, can lead to cardiac risks and lipid differentiation disorders. In this study, we investigated the effects of a newly synthesized PPARγ agonist, VSP-2, on secretion of inflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells. Treatment with VSP-2 significantly reduced the mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Furthermore, VSP-2 attenuated the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) (65 kD) and IκBα, as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-κB (65 kD). Additionally, the use of PPARγ small interfering RNA was able to attenuate the effects of VSP-2 on proinflammatory cytokines and the NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, our findings suggest that VSP-2 effectively suppressed the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α via the PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway. Given its potential therapeutic benefits, VSP-2 may emerge as a promising candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases or brain injuries associated with neuroinflammation."
6827,brain tumour,38681294,Spinal Dissemination of Pineal Parenchymal Tumors of Intermediate Differentiation Over 10 Years After Initial Treatment: A Case Report.,"Pineal parenchymal tumors (PPTs) are rare, accounting for less than 0.3% of all primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation (PPTID) (WHO grade 2 or 3) show an intermediate prognosis between pineocytoma and pineoblastoma. The clinical course is unknown, and the optimal treatment for PPTID, especially for recurrence, has not been determined. We report a case of PPTID with spinal dissemination over 10 years after treatment and survival for four years. A 56-year-old woman presented with headaches and diplopia. Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a pineal mass, but leptomeningeal dissemination was not identified on whole-spine MRI. Microsurgical gross total tumor resection (GTR) was performed, and the pathological diagnosis was PPTID (grade 3). In addition, a later study found it to harbor a "
6828,brain tumour,38681267,Integrating Physiotherapy for Enhancing Functional Recovery in Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Case Report.,"Glioblastoma is the most prevalent primary brain tumor. Because glioblastomas are very vascular, they may worsen the disease's neurologic symptoms by causing vasogenic brain edema and mass effects with a wide range of other symptoms. In this case report, a 42-year-old male complaining of severe headache, generalized weakness, and forgetfulness was brought to a territory care hospital, where a detailed neurological examination and investigations with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a grade IV (high-grade) glioma at the right frontotemporal and capsuloganglionic regions of the brain, and was suggested for surgery. Postoperatively, the patient was referred for chemotherapy, but due to severe weakness, fatigue, and motor deficits, he was referred for physiotherapy. Follow-up was conducted to monitor the patient's progression using various outcome measures. These measures included the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Mobility Scale, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) Scale. Significant improvement was observed in the patient's symptoms, as tracked by these outcome measures. Therefore, it is important that a tailored rehabilitation protocol of six weeks was planned, focusing on palliative care and some symptoms of weakness, reduced strength, tone, and breathlessness to prevent secondary complications like deep vein thrombosis, irritability, anxiety, forgetfulness, decreased balance, and coordination in sitting. Since the prognosis of grade IV glioblastoma is poor, the goal-oriented rehabilitation program will help improve the palliative status and the overall quality of life of the patient."
6829,brain tumour,38681202,Small molecule drug discovery for glioblastoma treatment based on bioinformatics and cheminformatics approaches.,
6830,brain tumour,38681044,Scalp metastasis from atypical meningioma: A case report and literature review.,"Scalp metastasis from atypical meningioma, though rare, underscores the importance of meticulous surgical techniques to prevent tumor cell implantation. Early detection and comprehensive management, including surgery and adjuvant therapy, are crucial for optimal outcomes."
6831,brain tumour,38681028,Potential diagnostic challenges of intracerebral hemorrhage as an index presentation of metastatic choriocarcinoma: A case series.,"In young women presenting with atypical features of intracerebral hemorrhage, metastatic choriocarcinoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis. In resource-poor settings, a high index of suspicion and serum β-hCG are crucial for diagnosis."
6832,brain tumour,38680992,Unique genomic alterations in the circulating tumor DNA of patients with solid tumors brain metastases.,"Although serum circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is routine, data from patients with brain metastases (BrMs) is limited. We assessed genomic alterations in ctDNA from patients with solid tumor BrMs in 3 groups: Isolated BrMs with stable extracranial disease (iCNS), concurrent brain and extracranial progression (cCNS), and extracranial progression with no active BrMs (eCNS). We also compared ctDNA alterations between patients with and without BrMs."
6833,brain tumour,38680990,A phase I dose-escalation study of pulsatile afatinib in patients with recurrent or progressive brain cancer.,"Afatinib (BIBW2992; Gilotrif®) is a selective and irreversible inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB; EGFR) family. It inhibits EGFR, HER2, and HER4 phosphorylation, resulting in tumor growth inhibition and regression. This phase I dose-escalation trial of pulsatile afatinib examined the safety, drug penetration into the central nervous system, preliminary antitumor activity, and recommended phase II dose in patients with progressive or recurrent brain cancers."
6834,brain tumour,38680989,[11C]-methionine positron emission tomography in the evaluation of pediatric low-grade gliomas.,[
6835,brain tumour,38680988,Contemporary trends in the incidence and timing of spinal metastases: A population-based study.,"Spinal metastases are a significant complication of advanced cancer. In this study, we assess temporal trends in the incidence and timing of spinal metastases and examine underlying patient demographics and primary cancer associations."
6836,brain tumour,38680987,"Preoperative growth dynamics of untreated glioblastoma: Description of an exponential growth type, correlating factors, and association with postoperative survival.",Little is known about the growth dynamics of untreated glioblastoma and its possible influence on postoperative survival. Our aim was to analyze a possible association of preoperative growth dynamics with postoperative survival.
6837,brain tumour,38680854,A deep learning model for the localization and extraction of brain tumors from MR images using YOLOv7 and grab cut algorithm.,"Brain tumors are a common disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Considering the severity of brain tumors (BT), it is important to diagnose the disease in its early stages. With advancements in the diagnostic process, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been extensively used in disease detection. However, the accurate identification of BT is a complex task, and conventional techniques are not sufficiently robust to localize and extract tumors in MRI images. Therefore, in this study, we used a deep learning model combined with a segmentation algorithm to localize and extract tumors from MR images."
6838,brain tumour,38680825,"Effects of Gap 26, a Connexin 43 Inhibitor, on Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy in Rats.","Introduction Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is recognized by impaired cardiac responsiveness to stress, prolonged QT interval, and systolic and diastolic dysfunctions. Connexins are a family of transmembrane proteins that play a key role in cardiac physiology. Connexin 43 (Cx43) inhibition showed cardio-protective effects. Peptide drug Cx43 inhibitor, Gap 26, could inhibit gap junction 43. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a connexin mimetic peptide, Gap 26, in the CCM model in rats. Methods The cirrhosis was induced through carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). On day 56, electrocardiography (ECG) was recorded, spleen weight was measured, and tissue and serum samples were collected. Further, Cx43 mRNA expression in heart tissue was checked. Results The chronotropic responses decreased in the CCl4/saline and increased in the CCl4/Gap. The spleen weight, QTc interval, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels elevated in the CCl4/saline, and the spleen weight, QTc interval, and MDA and ALT levels were reduced by Gap 26 treatment. The level of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) factor 2 (Nrf2) decreased in the CCl4/saline. The Cx43 expression was downregulated in the CCl4/saline and upregulated with the Gap 26 treatment. Conclusion Gap 26 not only alleviated the chronotropic hyporesponsiveness and the severity of liver damage and upregulated the atrial Cx43 expression, but it also had an antioxidant effect on the heart."
6839,brain tumour,38680739,Calcified cystic lesion in cerebellum: A case report.,"Intracranial epidermoid cysts are benign, slow-growing congenital tumors of ectodermal origin. They are rare embryonal benign cystic masses with an incidence rate of approximately 0.04%-0.6% of intracranial tumors. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are fundamental diagnostic tools providing valuable information for surgical management. We reported a 59-year-old male patient with right limb weakness twelve hours prior to admission, slurred speech, and paresis of the facial nerve. Based on history taking, physical examination, and radiology examinations, we concluded a diagnosis of non-communicated hydrocephalus due to a right cerebellar intra-axial tumor with a suspicion of low-grade glioma (Pylocitic Astrocytoma). CT and MRI in intracranial epidermoid cysts are fundamental diagnostic tools for diagnosing and obtaining helpful information for surgical planning. Intracranial epidermoid cysts appear as lobulated lesions filling and expanding CSF spaces and exerting a gradual mass effect, insinuating between structures and encasing adjacent nerves and vessels. In this case, we noted a hypodense lesion with irregular calcifications and well-defined on the right cerebellar region measuring 6.15 × 5.47 × 5.7 cm, surrounded by a hypodense image suggesting an intra-axial mass suspected of low-grade glioma with a differential diagnosis of brain abscess. The hypointense lesion on the T1WI sequence found in the MRI examination, with no significant contrast enhancement and restricted diffusion area on DWI, was one of the notable features described in the epidermoid cyst. Intracranial epidermoid cyst rarely occurs in the intracranial, resulting in many symptoms in this case, which should be diagnosed and treated promptly. Imaging aids in proper diagnosis and provides more valuable information for further treatment."
6840,brain tumour,38680496,"Exploring aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression and distribution in the tumor microenvironment, with a focus on immune cells, in various solid cancer types.","Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor that performs various functions upon ligand activation. Several studies have explored the role of AhR expression in tumor progression and immune surveillance. Nevertheless, investigations on the distribution of AhR expression, specifically in cancer or immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), remain limited. Examining the AhR expression and distribution in the TME is crucial for gaining insights into the mechanism of action of AhR-targeting anticancer agents and their potential as biomarkers."
6841,brain tumour,38680103,"A review of natural products and small-molecule therapeutics acting on central nervous system malignancies: Approaches for drug development, targeting pathways, clinical trials, and challenges.","In 2021, the World Health Organization released the fifth edition of the central nervous system (CNS) tumor classification. This classification uses histopathology and molecular pathogenesis to group tumors into more biologically and molecularly defined entities. The prognosis of brain cancer, particularly malignant tumors, has remained poor worldwide, approximately 308,102 new cases of brain and other CNS tumors were diagnosed in the year 2020, with an estimated 251,329 deaths. The cost and time-consuming nature of studies to find new anticancer agents makes it necessary to have well-designed studies. In the present study, the pathways that can be targeted for drug development are discussed in detail. Some of the important cellular origins, signaling, and pathways involved in the efficacy of bioactive molecules against CNS tumorigenesis or progression, as well as prognosis and common approaches for treatment of different types of brain tumors, are reviewed. Moreover, different study tools, including cell lines, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial challenges, are discussed. In addition, in this article, natural products as one of the most important sources for finding new chemotherapeutics were reviewed and over 700 reported molecules with efficacy against CNS cancer cells are gathered and classified according to their structure. Based on the clinical trials that have been registered, very few of these natural or semi-synthetic derivatives have been studied in humans. The review can help researchers understand the involved mechanisms and design new goal-oriented studies for drug development against CNS malignancies."
6842,brain tumour,38680092,Roles of TRPM channels in glioma.,"Gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor. Despite advances in treatment, it remains one of the most aggressive and deadly tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Gliomas are characterized by high malignancy, heterogeneity, invasiveness, and high resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It is urgent to find potential new molecular targets for glioma. The TRPM channels consist of TRPM1-TPRM8 and play a role in many cellular functions, including proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, etc. More and more studies have shown that TRPM channels can be used as new therapeutic targets for glioma. In this review, we first introduce the structure, activation patterns, and physiological functions of TRPM channels. Additionally, the pathological mechanism of glioma mediated by TRPM2, 3, 7, and 8 and the related signaling pathways are described. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting TRPM for glioma."
6843,brain tumour,38680072,Methyl jasmonate ameliorates pain-induced learning and memory impairments through regulating the expression of genes involved in neuroinflammation.,"Orofacial pain with high prevalence is one of the substantial human health issues. The importance of this matter became more apparent when it was revealed that orofacial pain, directly and indirectly, affects cognition performances. Currently, researchers have focused on investigating pharmaceutics to alleviate pain and ameliorate its subsequent cognitive impairments."
6844,brain tumour,38679897,Rare Presentation of Rapidly Involuting Congenital Hemangioma of the Skull: A Case Report.,"BACKGROUND Rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma (RICH) of the fetal skull is an extremely rare vascular disease which undergoes proliferation only in utero and progresses with maximal size at birth. RICH can be detected by prenatal imaging but is easily misdiagnosed. CASE REPORT A 28-year-old nulliparous woman was referred at 38 weeks of gestation for routine screening with obstetric ultrasonography. The ultrasonography revealed a female fetus with a previously undetected head tumor (32×22 mm). Certain unusual sonographic features were observed: the lesion was fusiform, with a wide base adjacent to the frontal bone. Tumor growth appeared to be toward the brain parenchyma rather than outwards (ie, toward the skull), which suggested that the mass may have been derived from the skull. The mass may have remained undiagnosed due to its small size or due to the superimposition of the skull in poor quality ultrasound images. On the basis of ultrasound findings, the lesion was diagnosed as an intracranial tumor, but fetal MRI findings led to the suspicion of RICH of the fetal skull. Finally, the patient was followed up until 1 year after birth, by which time the lesion had completely disappeared. CONCLUSIONS Careful evaluation of prenatal ultrasound is necessary to ensure detection of any mass adjacent to the skull, and the ultrasonography technician should carefully examine the features of any suspected mass to diagnose it correctly to avoid affecting the treatment strategy."
6845,brain tumour,38679847,Developmental and adaptive functioning of very young children with solid tumors and brain tumors.,"Infancy/toddlerhood is a period of rapid development. All infants/toddlers (0-36 months-of-age) undergoing cancer-directed treatment at one hospital are offered developmental assessments and related services. Yet, literature comparing development of infants/toddlers with brain tumors to those with non-CNS solid tumors is sparse."
6846,brain tumour,38679408,A natural compound melatonin enhances the effects of Nimotuzumab via inhibiting EGFR in glioblastoma.,"Sleep disorders are prevalent and debilitating symptoms in primary brain tumor patients, notably those receiving radiation therapy. Nevertheless, the relationship between sleep disorders, melatonin - a circadian rhythm regulatory hormone, and gliomas is underexplored. Melatonin exhibits various biological functions, one of them being anti-tumor activity. In the context of gliomas, often overexpressing EGFR, the humanized monoclonal antibody Nimotuzumab targets this marker. Our research discovered that variations in circadian rhythm significantly influence tumor growth in mice through impacting melatonin secretion. Harnessing proteogenomic, we identified that melatonin could inhibit the phosphorylation of EGFR and its downstream effectors, key elements in angiogenesis and tumor progression. Building on structural simulations, we propose that melatonin may amplify Nimotuzumab's anti-glioma efficacy by inhibiting EGFR TK dimerization. This proposition was validated in our in vitro and in vivo studies where melatonin synergistically augmented cytotoxicity and apoptosis in Nimotuzumab-treated glioma cells. Thus, melatonin shows promise as a beneficial addition to Nimotuzumab treatment in glioma patients."
6847,brain tumour,38679386,Associations Between Metabolic Obesity Phenotypes and Pathological Characteristics of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.,"The association between obesity, metabolic dysregulation, and the aggressive pathological traits of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) continues to be a contentious issue. To date, no investigations have examined the impact of metabolic status on the malignant pathological features of PTC in relation to obesity."
6848,brain tumour,38679320,Molecular profiling of brain tumors in LMICs: Achievable or impossible?,No abstract found
6849,brain tumour,38679312,Human Adapted Prosomeric Model: A Future for Brainstem Tumor Classification.,"This study reevaluates the conventional understanding of midbrain anatomy and neuroanatomical nomenclature in the context of recent genetic and anatomical discoveries. The authors assert that the midbrain should be viewed as an integral part of the forebrain due to shared genetic determinants and evolutionary lineage. The isthmo-mesencephalic boundary is recognized as a significant organizer for both the caudal midbrain and the isthmo-cerebellar area. The article adopts the prosomeric model, redefining the whole brain as neuromeres, offering a more precise depiction of brain development, including processes like proliferation, neurogenesis, cell migration, and differentiation. This shift in understanding challenges traditional definitions of the midbrain based on external brain morphology. The study also delves into the historical context of neuroanatomical models, including the columnar model proposed by Herrick in 1910, which has influenced our understanding of brain structure. Furthermore, the study has clinical implications, affecting neuroanatomy, neurodevelopmental studies, and the diagnosis and treatment of brain disorders. It emphasizes the need to integrate molecular research into human neuroanatomical studies and advocates for updating neuroanatomical terminology to reflect modern genetic and molecular insights. The authors propose two key revisions. First, we suggest reclassifying the isthmo-cerebellar prepontine region as part of the hindbrain, due to its role in cerebellar development and distinct location caudal to the genetically-defined midbrain. Second, we recommend redefining the anterior boundary of the genetically-defined midbrain to align with genetic markers. In conclusion, the authors highlight the importance of harmonizing neuroanatomical nomenclature with current scientific knowledge, promoting a more precise and informed understanding of brain structure, which is crucial for both research and clinical applications related to the human brain."
6850,brain tumour,38679003,Evolution of Surgical Management of Pineal Region Tumors in the Pediatric Population: A 17-Year Experience at a Single Institution.,"Pineal region tumors have historically been challenging to treat. Advances in surgical techniques have led to significant changes in care and outcomes for these patients, and this is well demonstrated by our single institution's experience over a 17-year-period in which the evolution of diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of pineal tumors in pediatric patients will be outlined."
6851,brain tumour,38678605,"Effect of circFOXM1/miR-218-5p on the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of glioma cells.","This study aimed to explore the influence of circFOXM1/miR-218-5p molecular axis in the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of glioma cells. The levels of circFOXM1 and miR-218-5p in glioma and adjacent tissues were tested by qRT-PCR. Cultured human glioma U251 cells were randomly split into groups: si-NC, si-circFOXM1, miR-NC, miR-218-5p, si-circFOXM1+anti-miR-NC, si-circFOXM1+anti-miR-218-5p. MTT method, plate clone formation, flow cytometry and Transwell experiments were utilized for detecting the proliferation, clone formation, apoptosis and migration of glioma cells. Dual-luciferase reporter experiment authenticated the targeted relation of circFOXM1 and miR-218-5p. Western blot tested the levels of E-cadherin and N-cadherin. CircFOXM1 was upregulated while miR-218-5p was low expressed in glioma tissues versus normal tissues. After circFOXM1 silence or miR-218-5p overexpression, miR-218-5p level was increased, and cell apoptosis rate and E-cadherin expression were enhancive, whereas cell proliferation, cell clone formation and migration abilities, and N-cadherin level were reduced. CircFOXM1 could affect miR-218-5 level by negative regulation. Furthermore, miR-218-5p silence could reverse the stimulative influence of si-circFOXM1 on apoptosis rate, and E-cadherin level, and the repressive effect on cell viability, cell number of colony formation and migration, and N-cadherin expression. Inhibition of circFOXM1 expression could block the proliferation, clone formation, and migration and induce apoptosis of glioma cells by upregulating miR-218-5p."
6852,brain tumour,38678329,[Pilocytic astrocytoma with KRAS gene mutation: a clinicopathological analysis of two cases].,
6853,brain tumour,38678324,[Acidophil stem cell pituitary neuroendocrine tumors/adenoma: a clinicopathological analysis of five cases].,
6854,brain tumour,38678323,[Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase and p16 as surrogate diagnostic markers for CDKN2A homozygous deletion in brain tumors].,
6855,brain tumour,38678322,[SRSF2 promotes glioblastoma cell proliferation by inducing alternative splicing of FSP1 and inhibiting ferroptosis].,
6856,brain tumour,38678308,Regional cerebral blood flow in a patient with asystole episodes associated with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.,"Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a rare and severe autoimmune encephalitis that displays neuropsychiatric symptoms and autonomic instability, e.g., hypoventilation and cardiac arrhythmia. Severe arrhythmia including asystole associated with this encephalitis is rare. Several causes have been suggested. Nevertheless, no report of the literature has described examination by functional brain imaging of a patient with asystole during anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. This case is that of a 34-year-old woman diagnosed as having anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. She repeatedly showed 10-20 s asystole episodes necessitating a temporary transvenous pacemaker. After resection of the bilateral ovarian cystic tumor, her symptoms improved. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was evaluated using single-photon emission computed tomography. The rCBF was increased in the amygdala, hypothalamus, anterior cingulate, hippocampus, and anterior temporal lobes, but decreased in the dorsolateral frontal lobes, parietal lobes, and occipital lobes. Findings in this case suggest that altered rCBF in the patient with asystole episodes associated with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis was observed in several brain lesions. The rCBF increases in the central autonomic networks, i.e., the amygdala, hypothalamus, and anterior cingulate, might be associated with dysregulation of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems leading to asystole."
6857,brain tumour,38678297,HIF-1α-mediated LAMC1 overexpression is an unfavorable predictor of prognosis for glioma patients: evidence from pan-cancer analysis and validation experiments.,Laminin subunit gamma-1 (LAMC1) is a major extracellular matrix molecule involved in the tumor microenvironment. Knowledge of the biological features and clinical relevance of LAMC1 in cancers remains limited.
6858,brain tumour,38678150,Gene polymorphisms of TACR1 serve as the potential pharmacogenetic predictors of response to the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist-based antiemetic regimens: a candidate-gene association study in breast cancer patients.,"The current candidate gene association study aims to investigate tag SNPs from the TACR1 gene as pharmacogenetic predictors of response to the antiemetic guidelines-recommended, NK-1 receptor antagonist-based, triple antiemetic regimens."
6859,brain tumour,38678021,Macrophage-fibroblast JAK/STAT dependent crosstalk promotes liver metastatic outgrowth in pancreatic cancer.,"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly metastatic disease for which better therapies are urgently needed. Fibroblasts and macrophages are heterogeneous cell populations able to enhance metastasis, but the role of a macrophage-fibroblast crosstalk in regulating their pro-metastatic functions remains poorly understood. Here we deconvolve how macrophages regulate metastasis-associated fibroblast (MAF) heterogeneity in the liver. We identify three functionally distinct MAF populations, among which the generation of pro-metastatic and immunoregulatory myofibroblastic-MAFs (myMAFs) critically depends on macrophages. Mechanistically, myMAFs are induced through a STAT3-dependent mechanism driven by macrophage-derived progranulin and cancer cell-secreted leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF). In a reciprocal manner, myMAF secreted osteopontin promotes an immunosuppressive macrophage phenotype resulting in the inhibition of cytotoxic T cell functions. Pharmacological blockade of STAT3 or myMAF-specific genetic depletion of STAT3 restores an anti-tumour immune response and reduces metastases. Our findings provide molecular insights into the complex macrophage-fibroblast interactions in tumours and reveal potential targets to inhibit PDAC liver metastasis."
6860,brain tumour,38678012,Exploring the role of neuronal-enriched extracellular vesicle miR-93 and interoception in major depressive disorder.,"Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with interoceptive processing dysfunctions, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this dysfunction are poorly understood. This study combined brain neuronal-enriched extracellular vesicle (NEEV) technology and serum markers of inflammation and metabolism with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to identify the contribution of gene regulatory pathways, in particular micro-RNA (miR) 93, to interoceptive dysfunction in MDD. Individuals with MDD (n = 41) and healthy comparisons (HC; n = 35) provided blood samples and completed an interoceptive attention task during fMRI. EVs were separated from plasma using a precipitation method. NEEVs were enriched by magnetic streptavidin bead immunocapture utilizing a neural adhesion marker (L1CAM/CD171) biotinylated antibody. The origin of NEEVs was validated with two other neuronal markers - neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 3 (ATP1A3). NEEV specificities were confirmed by flow cytometry, western blot, particle size analyzer, and transmission electron microscopy. NEEV small RNAs were purified and sequenced. Results showed that: (1) MDD exhibited lower NEEV miR-93 expression than HC; (2) within MDD but not HC, those individuals with the lowest NEEV miR-93 expression had the highest serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor, and leptin; and (3) within HC but not MDD, those participants with the highest miR-93 expression showed the strongest bilateral dorsal mid-insula activation during interoceptive versus exteroceptive attention. Since miR-93 is regulated by stress and affects epigenetic modulation by chromatin re-organization, these results suggest that healthy individuals but not MDD participants show an adaptive epigenetic regulation of insular function during interoceptive processing. Future investigations will need to delineate how specific internal and external environmental conditions contribute to miR-93 expression in MDD and what molecular mechanisms alter brain responsivity to body-relevant signals."
6861,brain tumour,38677762,Genetic and Immunological Characterization of Brain Metastases from Solid Cancers.,"Brain metastasis, a leading cause of cancer death, is a clinical challenge. Recently, genetic characterization of brain metastatic lesions based on next generation sequencing-based advanced technologies, such as single-cell RNA sequencing, has been performed to develop novel efficient therapies. The present study aimed to investigate brain-metastasis-specific biomarkers as well as relevant prognostic factors."
6862,brain tumour,38677733,Riluzole Reverses a Number of Undesirable Effects of Dexamethasone in Glioblastoma Cells.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)-induced oedema is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with GBM. Dexamethasone (Dex) is the most common corticosteroid used pre-operatively to control cerebral oedema in patients with GBM. Dex is associated with many side effects, and shorter overall survival and progression-free survival of patients with GBM. These negative effects of Dex highlight the need for combinational therapy. Riluzole (Ril), a drug used to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), is thought to have potential as a treatment for various cancers, with clinical trials underway. Here, we investigated whether Ril could reverse some of the undesirable effects of Dex."
6863,brain tumour,38677647,Construction and Validation of Nomograms for Predicting Overall Survival and Cancer-Specific Survival in Patients with Primary Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma.,Anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AOD) is a rare high-grade central nervous system tumor. The current research on prognostic prediction of AOD remains limited. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors and establish the nomograms to predict overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) for patients with AOD.
6864,brain tumour,38677641,Axl as a potential therapeutic target for adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas: Based on single nucleus RNA-seq and spatial transcriptome profiling.,"Craniopharyngiomas (CPs), particularly Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngiomas (ACPs), often exhibit a heightened risk of postoperative recurrence and severe complications of the endocrine and hypothalamic function. The primary objective of this study is to investigate potential novel targeted therapies within the microenvironment of ACP tumors. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) were identified in the craniopharyngioma microenvironment, notably in regions characterized by cholesterol clefts, wet keratin, ghost cells, and fibrous stroma in ACPs. CAFs, alongside ghost cells, basaloid-like epithelium cells and calcifications, were found to secrete PROS1 and GAS6, which can activate AXL receptors on the surface of tumor epithelium cells, promoting immune suppression and tumor progression in ACPs. Additionally, the AXL inhibitor Bemcentinib effectively inhibited the proliferation organoids and enhanced the immunotherapeutic efficacy of Atezolizumab. Furthermore, neural crest-like cells were observed in the glial reactive tissue surrounding finger-like protrusions. Overall, our results revealed that the AXL might be a potentially effective therapeutic target for ACPs."
6865,brain tumour,38677640,Immune landscape and progress in immunotherapy for pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.,"Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (pitNETs) are the second most common primary brain tumors. Despite their prevalence, the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and its clinical implications remain largely unexplored. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on the immune landscape and advancements in targeted immunotherapy for pitNETs. Macrophages and T cells are principal immune infiltrates within the TIME. Different subtypes of pitNETs display distinct immune patterns, influencing tumor progressive behaviors. PD-L1, the most extensively studied immune checkpoint, is prominently expressed in hormonal pitNETs and correlates with tumor growth and invasion. Cytokines and chemokines including interleukins, CCLs, and CXCLs have complex correlations with tumor subtypes and immune cell infiltration. Crosstalk between macrophages and pitNET cells highlights bidirectional regulatory roles, suggesting potential macrophage-targeted strategies. Recent preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy in a mouse model of corticotroph pitNET. Moreover, anti-PD-1 and/or anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy has been applied globally in 28 cases of refractory pitNETs, showing more favorable responses in pituitary carcinomas than aggressive pitNETs. In conclusion, the TIME of pitNETs represents a promising avenue for targeted immunotherapy and warrants further investigation."
6866,brain tumour,38677529,Nuclear Rac1 controls nuclear architecture and cell migration of glioma cells.,"Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) protein has been found in the cell nucleus many years ago, however, its nuclear functions are still poorly characterized but some data suggest its nuclear accumulation in cancers. We investigated nuclear Rac1 in glioma cancer cells nuclei and compared its levels and activity to normal astrocytes, and also characterized the studied cells on various nuclear properties and cell migration patterns. Nuclear Rac1 indeed was found accumulated in glioma cells, but only a small percentage of the protein was in active, GTP-bound state in comparison to healthy control. Altering the nuclear activity of Rac1 influenced chromatin architecture and cell motility in GTP-dependent and independent manner. This suggests that the landscape of Rac1 nuclear interactions might be as complicated and wide as its well-known, non-nuclear signaling."
6867,brain tumour,38677355,Unlocking Hope: Anti-VEGFR inhibitors and their potential in glioblastoma treatment.,"This systematic review summarizes evidence of VEGFR gene mutations and VEGF/VEGFR protein expression in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients, alongside the efficacy and safety of anti-VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for GBM treatment."
6868,brain tumour,38677330,Lexicographic optimization-based planning for stereotactic radiosurgery of brain metastases.,"To validate a fully-automated lexicographic optimization-planning system (mCycle, Elekta) for single-(SL) and multiple-(ML, up to 4 metastases) lesions in intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS, 21 Gy, single fraction)."
6869,brain tumour,38677329,Randomized self-controlled study comparing open-face vs. closed immobilization masks in fractionated cranial radiotherapy.,To compare patient discomfort and immobilisation performance of open-face and closed immobilization masks in cranial radiotherapy.
6870,brain tumour,38677087,Letter to the editor.,"Some have looked forward to the publication of the results of the COSMOS study on brain tumors, because the potential biases from retrospective investigations predominating the search for brain tumor risks of mobile phone use since the late 1990 s were deemed unresolvable by further investigations of that type. Indeed, prospective cohort studies typically have the advantage of being not or less affected by differential exposure misclassification, recall and selection bias, and, as they proceed in the direction of the time arrow, results are more easily interpreted in terms of causation. However, results of the COSMOS study published now in this journal are not of help for the risk assessment of mobile phone use and do not support the conclusions of the authors that their findings ""suggest that the cumulative amount of mobile phone use is not associated with the risk of developing glioma, meningioma, or acoustic neuroma""."
6871,brain tumour,38676843,"Fertility preservation in males with cancer of trends, region development, and efficacy in mainland China from 16 regions Chinese sperm banks.",Male cancer survivors experience confusion about fertility following cancer treatment. The aims of this study were to evaluate survivors' semen quality in different tumor type groups in China and to analyze the current situation and challenges of male cancer patients with sperm cryopreservation.
6872,brain tumour,38676797,Development of Orthotopic Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Pediatric Intracranial Tumors.,"The development of clinically relevant and reliable models of central nervous system tumors has been instrumental in advancing the field of Neuro-Oncology. The orthotopic intracranial injection is widely used to study the growth, invasion, and spread of tumors in a controlled environment. Orthotopic models are performed to examine tumor cells isolated from a specific region in a patient in the same site or location in an animal model. Orthotopic brain tumor models are also utilized for preclinical testing of therapeutics as they closely recapitulate the behavior of such cancer and the brain environment of patients. Below, we describe our experiences in the development of murine models of pediatric brain tumors including diffuse midline glioma (DMG), glioblastoma (GBM), and medulloblastoma. The method provides an overview of intracranial stereotactic injections in mice."
6873,brain tumour,38676795,Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft Models for High-Grade Pediatric Brain Cancers.,"Patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse models are considered the gold standard for evidence-based preclinical research in pediatric neuro-oncology. This protocol describes the generation of PDOX models by intracranial implantation of human pediatric brain cancer cells into immune-deficient mice, and their continued propagation to establish cohorts of animals for preclinical research."
6874,brain tumour,38676720,Supramaximal resection: retrospective study on IDH-wildtype Glioblastomas based on the new RANO-Resect classification.,"The prognostic value of the extent of resection in the management of Glioblastoma is a long-debated topic, recently widened by the 2022 RANO-Resect Classification, which advocates for the resection of the non-enhancing disease surrounding the main core of tumors (supramaximal resection, SUPR) to achieve additional survival benefits. We conducted a retrospective analysis to corroborate the role of SUPR by the RANO-Resect Classification in a single center, homogenous cohort of patients."
6875,brain tumour,38676718,How modern treatments have modified the role of surgery in pediatric low-grade glioma.,"Low-grade gliomas are the most common brain tumor of childhood, and complete resection offers a high likelihood of cure. However, in many instances, tumors may not be surgically accessible without substantial morbidity, particularly in regard to gliomas arising from the optic or hypothalamic regions, as well as the brainstem. When gross total resection is not feasible, alternative treatment strategies must be considered. While conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy have long been the backbone of adjuvant therapy for low-grade glioma, emerging techniques and technologies are rapidly changing the landscape of care for patients with this disease. This article seeks to review the current and emerging modalities of treatment for pediatric low-grade glioma."
6876,brain tumour,38676623,"Perispinal Etanercept to improve STroke Outcomes (PESTO): Protocol for a multicenter, international, randomized placebo-controlled trial.","A large proportion of stroke survivors will have long-lasting, debilitating neurological impairments, yet few efficacious medical treatment options are available. Etanercept inhibits binding of tumor necrosis factor to its receptor and is used in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Perispinal subcutaneous injection followed by a supine, head down position may bypass the blood brain barrier. In observational studies and one small randomized controlled trial the majority of patients showed improvement in multiple post stroke impairments."
6877,brain tumour,38676529,Differential Effect of 4,A family of 4
6878,brain tumour,38676340,Noradrenaline enhances Na-K ATPase subunit expression by HuR-induced mRNA stabilization and their transportation to the cell surface through PLC and PKC mediated pathway: Implications with REMS-loss associated disorders.,"Rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) maintains brain excitability at least by regulating Na-K ATPase activity. Although REMS deprivation (REMSD)-associated elevated noradrenaline (NA) increases Na-K ATPase protein expression, its mRNA transcription did not increase. We hypothesized and confirmed both in vivo as well as in vitro that elevated mRNA stability explains the apparent puzzle. The mRNA stability was measured in control and REMSD rat brain with or without in vivo treatment with α"
6879,brain tumour,38675903,Zika Virus: A Neurotropic Warrior against High-Grade Gliomas-Unveiling Its Potential for Oncolytic Virotherapy.,"Gliomas account for approximately 75-80% of all malignant primary tumors in the central nervous system (CNS), with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) considered the deadliest. Despite aggressive treatment involving a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical intervention, patients with GBM have limited survival rates of 2 to 5 years, accompanied by a significant decline in their quality of life. In recent years, novel management strategies have emerged, such as immunotherapy, which includes the development of vaccines or T cells with chimeric antigen receptors, and oncolytic virotherapy (OVT), wherein wild type (WT) or genetically modified viruses are utilized to selectively lyse tumor cells. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the Zika virus (ZIKV) can infect glioma cells and induce a robust oncolytic activity. Consequently, interest in exploring this virus as a potential oncolytic virus (OV) for high-grade gliomas has surged. Given that ZIKV actively circulates in Colombia, evaluating its neurotropic and oncolytic capabilities holds considerable national and international importance, as it may emerge as an alternative for treating highly complex gliomas. Therefore, this literature review outlines the generalities of GBM, the factors determining ZIKV's specific tropism for nervous tissue, and its oncolytic capacity. Additionally, we briefly present the progress in preclinical studies supporting the use of ZIKV as an OVT for gliomas."
6880,brain tumour,38675738,Long-Term Survival and Immune Response Dynamics in Melanoma Patients Undergoing TAPCells-Based Vaccination Therapy.,"Cancer vaccines present a promising avenue for treating immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs)-refractory patients, fostering immune responses to modulate the tumor microenvironment. We revisit a phase I/II trial using Tumor Antigen-Presenting Cells (TAPCells) (NCT06152367), an autologous antigen-presenting cell vaccine loaded with heat-shocked allogeneic melanoma cell lysates. Initial findings showcased TAPCells inducing lysate-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, correlating with prolonged survival. Here, we extend our analysis over 15 years, categorizing patients into short-term (<36 months) and long-term (≥36 months) survivors, exploring novel associations between clinical outcomes and demographic, genetic, and immunologic parameters. Notably, DTH"
6881,brain tumour,38675592,Dopamine- and Grape-Seed-Extract-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Interaction Studies between Particles and Differentiated SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cell Model of Parkinson's Disease.,"Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, primarily associated with dopaminergic neuron depletion in the Substantia Nigra. Current treatment focuses on compensating for dopamine (DA) deficiency, but the blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses challenges for effective drug delivery. Using differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, we investigated the co-administration of DA and the antioxidant Grape Seed Extract (GSE) to study the cytobiocompability, the cytoprotection against the neurotoxin Rotenone, and their antioxidant effects. For this purpose, two solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) formulations, DA-co-GSE-SLNs and GSE-ads-DA-SLNs, were synthesized. Such SLNs showed mean particle sizes in the range of 187-297 nm, zeta potential values in the range of -4.1--9.7 mV, and DA association efficiencies ranging from 35 to 82%, according to the formulation examined. The results showed that DA/GSE-SLNs did not alter cell viability and had a cytoprotective effect against Rotenone-induced toxicity and oxidative stress. In addition, this study also focused on the evaluation of Alpha-synuclein (aS) levels; SLNs showed the potential to modulate the Rotenone-mediated increase in aS levels. In conclusion, our study investigated the potential of SLNs as a delivery system for addressing PD, also representing a promising approach for enhanced delivery of pharmaceutical and antioxidant molecules across the BBB."
6882,brain tumour,38675528,Antitumoral Activity of the Universal Methyl Donor ,"Glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and lethal brain cancer in adults, is characterized by short survival times and high mortality rates. Due to the resistance of GBM cells to conventional therapeutic treatments, scientific interest is focusing on the search for alternative and efficient adjuvant treatments. "
6883,brain tumour,38675489,Comparison of Glioblastoma Cell Culture Platforms Based on Transcriptional Similarity with Paired Tissue.,"No standardized in vitro cell culture models for glioblastoma (GBM) have yet been established, excluding the traditional two-dimensional culture. GBM tumorspheres (TSs) have been highlighted as a good model platform for testing drug effects and characterizing specific features of GBM, but a detailed evaluation of their suitability and comparative performance is lacking. Here, we isolated GBM TSs and extracellular matrices (ECM) from tissues obtained from newly diagnosed "
6884,brain tumour,38675412,"Neurogenesis-Associated Protein, a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Anti-PD-1 Based Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma Patient Therapeutics.","The transketolase 1 gene (TKTL1) is an essential factor that contributes to brain development. Some studies have shown the influence of TKTL1 in cancers, but it has been rarely reported in kidney cancer. Furthermore, the role of TKTL1 in the prognosis and tumor infiltration of immune cells in various cancers, particularly kidney cancer, remains unknown. In this study, TKTL1 expression and its clinical characteristics were investigated using a variety of databases. TIMER was used to investigate the relationship between TKTL1 and immune infiltrates in various types of cancer. We also studied the relationship between TKTL1 expression and response to PD-1 blocker immunotherapy in renal cancer. We conducted TKTL1 agonists virtual screening from 13,633 natural compounds (L6020), implemented secondary library construction according to the types of top results, and then conducted secondary virtual screening for 367 alkaloids. Finally, in vitro assays of cell viability assays and colony formation assays were performed to demonstrate the pharmacological potency of the screening of TKTL1 agonists. Using these methods, we determined that TKTL1 significantly affects the prognostic potential in different types of kidney cancer patients. The underlying mechanism might be that the TKTL1 expression level was positively associated with devious immunocytes in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) rather than in kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) and kidney chromophobe (KICH). This recruitment may result from the up-regulation of the mTOR signaling pathway affecting T cell metabolism. We also found that TKTL1 may act as an immunomodulator in KIRC patients' response to anti-PD-1 therapy. Moreover, we also found that piperine and glibenclamide are potent agonists of TKTL1. We have demonstrated, in vitro, that piperine and glibenclamide can inhibit the proliferation and clone formation of Caki-2 cell lines by agonizing the expression of TKTL1. In summary, our discovery implies that TKTL1 may be a promising prognostic biomarker for KIRC patients who respond to anti-PD-1 therapy. Piperine and glibenclamide may be effective therapeutic TKTL1 agonists, providing a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of kidney cancer."
6885,brain tumour,38675227,Nucleolin-Targeting AS1411 Aptamer-Conjugated Nanospheres for Targeted Treatment of Glioblastoma.,"Post-operative chemotherapy is still required for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), for which nanocarrier-based drug delivery has been identified as one of the most effective methods. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and non-specific delivery to non-tumor tissues can significantly limit drug accumulation in tumor tissues and cause damage to nearby normal tissues. This study describes a targeted cancer therapy approach that uses AS1411 aptamer-conjugated nanospheres (100-300 nm in size) loaded with doxorubicin (Dox) to selectively identify tumor cells overexpressing nucleolin (NCL) proteins. The study demonstrates that the active target model, which employs aptamer-mediated drug delivery, is more effective than non-specific enhanced permeability and maintenance (EPR)-mediated delivery and passive drug delivery in improving drug penetration and maintenance in tumor cells. Additionally, the study reveals the potential for anti-cancer effects through 3D spheroidal and in vivo GBM xenograft models. The DNA-protein hybrid nanospheres utilized in this study offer numerous benefits, such as efficient synthesis, structural stability, high drug loading, dye labeling, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. When combined with nanospheres, the 1411 aptamer has been shown to be an effective drug delivery carrier allowing for the precise targeting of tumors. This combination has the potential to produce anti-tumor effects in the active targeted therapy of GBM."
6886,brain tumour,38675144,Engineering Nanomedicine for Non-Viral RNA-Based Gene Therapy of Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of malignant tumor of the central nervous system, characterized by aggressiveness, genetic instability, heterogenesis, and unpredictable clinical behavior. Disappointing results from the current clinical therapeutic methods have fueled a search for new therapeutic targets and treatment modalities. GBM is characterized by various genetic alterations, and RNA-based gene therapy has raised particular attention in GBM therapy. Here, we review the recent advances in engineered non-viral nanocarriers for RNA drug delivery to treat GBM. Therapeutic strategies concerning the brain-targeted delivery of various RNA drugs involving siRNA, microRNA, mRNA, ASO, and short-length RNA and the therapeutical mechanisms of these drugs to tackle the challenges of chemo-/radiotherapy resistance, recurrence, and incurable stem cell-like tumor cells of GBM are herein outlined. We also highlight the progress, prospects, and remaining challenges of non-viral nanocarriers-mediated RNA-based gene therapy."
6887,brain tumour,38674436,Principles in the Management of Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma, the most aggressive and common malignant primary brain tumour, is characterized by infiltrative growth, abundant vascularization, and aggressive clinical evolution. Patients with glioblastoma often face poor prognoses, with a median survival of approximately 15 months. Technological progress and the subsequent improvement in understanding the pathophysiology of these tumours have not translated into significant achievements in therapies or survival outcomes for patients. Progress in molecular profiling has yielded new omics data for a more refined classification of glioblastoma. Several typical genetic and epigenetic alterations in glioblastoma include mutations in genes regulating receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/rat sarcoma (RAS)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), p53, and retinoblastoma protein (RB) signalling, as well as mutation of isocitrate dehydrogenase ("
6888,brain tumour,38674418,LncRNA NDUFA6-DT: A Comprehensive Analysis of a Potential LncRNA Biomarker and Its Regulatory Mechanisms in Gliomas.,"Gliomas are the most prevalent primary malignant tumors affecting the brain, with high recurrence and mortality rates. Accurate diagnoses and effective treatment challenges persist, emphasizing the need for identifying new biomarkers to guide clinical decisions. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) hold potential as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in cancer. However, only a limited subset of lncRNAs in gliomas have been explored. Therefore, this study aims to identify lncRNA signatures applicable to patients with gliomas across all grades and explore their clinical significance and potential biological mechanisms. Data used in this study were obtained from TCGA, CGGA, and GEO datasets to identify key lncRNA signatures in gliomas through differential and survival analyses and machine learning algorithms. We examined their associations with the clinical characteristics, gene mutations, diagnosis, and prognosis of gliomas. Functional enrichment analysis was employed to elucidate the potential biological mechanisms associated with these significant lncRNA signatures. We explored competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks. We found that NDUFA6-DT emerged as a significant lncRNA signature in gliomas, with reduced NDUFA6-DT expression associated with a worse prognosis in gliomas. Nomogram analysis incorporating NDUFA6-DT expression levels exhibited excellent prognostic and predictive capabilities. Functional annotation suggested that NDUFA6-DT might influence immunological responses and synaptic transmission, potentially modifying glioma initiation and progression. The associated ceRNA network revealed the possible presence of the NDUFA6-DT-miR-455-3p-YWHAH/YWHAG axis in low-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), regulating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and influencing glioma cell survival and apoptosis. We believe that NDUFA6-DT is a novel lncRNA linked to glioma diagnosis and prognosis, potentially becoming a pivotal biomarker for glioma."
6889,brain tumour,38674394,Allele-Specific Regulation of the Candidate Autism Liability Gene ,
6890,brain tumour,38674308,Peak Resembling N-acetylaspartate (NAA) on Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Brain Metastases.,
6891,brain tumour,38674205,Successful Surgical Treatment of a Giant Intraventricular Meningioma: A Case Report and Literature Review.,"In our study, we document the case of a 48-year-old patient who presented at our clinic with various neurological disturbances. Magnetic Resonance Imaging revealed the presence of an intraventricular meningioma located in the body of the left lateral ventricle measuring 60 mm in diameter. This tumor was classified as a giant meningioma, accompanied by a significant amount of digitiform-type edema. A surgical procedure was conducted, resulting in a gross total resection of the tumor. Histopathological analysis identified the tumor as a fibrous meningioma. Postoperative assessments, as well as follow-ups conducted at 3 months and 1 year post-surgery, indicated considerable neurological improvement. The patient exhibited a remission of hemiparesis and gait disturbances along with a marginal improvement in the status of expressive aphasia. This case report underscores the significance of achieving total and safe resection of the tumor and includes an analysis of various cases from the literature, particularly focusing on those that describe minimally invasive surgical approaches and highlight the benefits of radiosurgery in the treatment of giant intraventricular meningiomas."
6892,brain tumour,38674026,Potential Diagnostic and Clinical Significance of Selected Genetic Alterations in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma is currently considered the most common and, unfortunately, also the most aggressive primary brain tumor, with the highest morbidity and mortality rates. The average survival of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma is 14 months, and only 2% of patients survive 3 years after surgery. Based on our clinical experience and knowledge from extensive clinical studies, survival is mainly related to the molecular biological properties of glioblastoma, which are of interest to the general medical community. Our study examined a total of 71 retrospective studies published from 2016 through 2022 and available on PubMed that deal with mutations of selected genes in the pathophysiology of GBM. In conclusion, we can find other mutations within a given gene group that have different effects on the prognosis and quality of survival of a patient with glioblastoma. These mutations, together with the associated mutations of other genes, as well as intratumoral heterogeneity itself, offer enormous potential for further clinical research and possible application in therapeutic practice."
6893,brain tumour,38674001,The ,"Medulloblastoma (MB) encompasses diverse subgroups, and leptomeningeal disease/metastasis (LMD) plays a substantial role in associated fatalities. Despite extensive exploration of canonical genes in MB, the molecular mechanisms underlying LMD and the involvement of the orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2) gene, a key driver in aggressive MB Group 3, remain insufficiently understood. Recognizing OTX2's pivotal role, we investigated its potential as a catalyst for aggressive cellular behaviors, including migration, invasion, and metastasis. OTX2 overexpression heightened cell growth, motility, and polarization in Group 3 MB cells. Orthotopic implantation of OTX2-overexpressing cells in mice led to reduced median survival, accompanied by the development of spinal cord and brain metastases. Mechanistically, OTX2 acted as a transcriptional activator of the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) gene's promoter and the mTORC2 signaling pathway, correlating with upregulated downstream genes that orchestrate cell motility and migration. Knockdown of mTOR mRNA mitigated OTX2-mediated enhancements in cell motility and polarization. Analysis of human MB tumor samples (N = 952) revealed a positive correlation between OTX2 and mTOR mRNA expression, emphasizing the clinical significance of OTX2's role in the mTORC2 pathway. Our results reveal that OTX2 governs the mTORC2 signaling pathway, instigating LMD in Group 3 MBs and offering insights into potential therapeutic avenues through mTORC2 inhibition."
6894,brain tumour,38673919,D-Loop Mutations as Prognostic Markers in Glioblastoma-A Pilot Study.,"Glioblastoma, a highly aggressive brain tumor, poses significant treatment challenges. A deeper investigation into its molecular complexity is essential for the identification of novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies, potentially improving patient outcomes in terms of survival and quality of life. While nuclear DNA mutations have been extensively studied, the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, specifically in the D-loop region, remains poorly understood. This prospective case-control study aimed to assess the prognostic significance of the mtDNA D-loop m.16126T>C variant in glioblastoma patients. Immunohistochemistry and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) were employed for mutation analysis, complemented by statistical analyses and a literature review. The study cohort comprised 22 glioblastoma patients (mean age 59.36 ± 14.17, 12 (54.55%) females), and 25 controls (59.48 ± 13.22, 12 (80%) females). The D-loop m.16126T>C variant was observed in four (18%) of the glioblastoma samples and was associated with shorter median survival (9.5 vs. 18 months; "
6895,brain tumour,38673835,The Recombinant Oncolytic Virus VV-GMCSF-Lact and Chemotherapy Drugs against Human Glioma.,"Virotherapy is one of the perspective technologies in the treatment of malignant neoplasms. Previously, we have developed oncolytic vaccinia virus VV-GMCSF-Lact and its high cytotoxic activity and antitumor efficacy against glioma was shown. In this work, using immortalized and patient-derived cells with different sensitivity to VV-GMCSF-Lact, we evaluated the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy agents. Additionally, we studied the combination of VV-GMCSF-Lact with temozolomide which is the most preferred drug for glioma treatment. Experimental results indicate that first adding temozolomide and then the virus to the cells is inherently more efficient than dosing it in the reverse order. Testing these regimens in the U87 MG xenograft glioblastoma model confirmed this effect, as assessed by tumor growth inhibition index and histological analysis. Moreover, VV-GMCSF-Lact as monotherapy is more effective against U87 MG glioblastoma xenografts comparing temozolomide."
6896,brain tumour,38673808,Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Circulating DNA Fragments in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients.,"Novel blood-circulating molecules, as potential biomarkers for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) diagnosis and monitoring, are attracting particular attention due to limitations of imaging modalities and invasive tissue biopsy procedures. This study aims to assess the diagnostic and prognostic values of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in relation to inflammatory status in GBM patients and to determine the concentration and average size of DNA fragments typical of tumour-derived DNA fractions. Preoperative plasma samples from 40 patients (GBM 65.0 ± 11.3 years) and 40 healthy controls (HC 70.4 ± 5.4 years) were compared. The cfDNA concentrations and lengths were measured using the electrophoresis platform, and inflammatory indices (NLR, PLR, LMR, and SII) were calculated from complete blood cell analysis. More fragmented cfDNA and 4-fold higher 50-700 bp cfDNA concentrations were detected in GBM patients than in healthy controls. The average cfDNA size in the GBM group was significantly longer (median 336 bp) than in the HC group (median 271 bp). Optimal threshold values were 1265 pg/μL for 50-700 bp cfDNA (AUC = 0.857) and 290 bp for average cfDNA size (AUC = 0.814). A Kaplan-Meier survival curves analysis also demonstrated a higher mortality risk in the GBM group with a cut-off >303 bp cfDNA. This study is the first to have revealed glioblastoma association with high levels of cfDNA > 1000 pg/μL of 50-700 bp in length, which can be aggravated by immunoinflammatory reactivity."
6897,brain tumour,38673779,Innovation in Non-Invasive Diagnosis and Disease Monitoring for Meningiomas.,"Meningiomas are tumors of the central nervous system that vary in their presentation, ranging from benign and slow-growing to highly aggressive. The standard method for diagnosing and classifying meningiomas involves invasive surgery and can fail to provide accurate prognostic information. Liquid biopsy methods, which exploit circulating tumor biomarkers such as DNA, extracellular vesicles, micro-RNA, proteins, and more, offer a non-invasive and dynamic approach for tumor classification, prognostication, and evaluating treatment response. Currently, a clinically approved liquid biopsy test for meningiomas does not exist. This review provides a discussion of current research and the challenges of implementing liquid biopsy techniques for advancing meningioma patient care."
6898,brain tumour,38673691,Clinical Outcomes of Severe Rhinosinusitis Complicated with Cavernous Sinus Syndrome.,
6899,brain tumour,38672676,Endovascular Applications for the Management of High-Grade Gliomas in the Modern Era.,"High-grade gliomas (HGGs) have a poor prognosis and are difficult to treat. This review examines the evolving landscape of endovascular therapies for HGGs. Recent advances in endovascular catheter technology and delivery methods allow for super-selective intra-arterial cerebral infusion (SSIACI) with increasing precision. This treatment modality may offer the ability to deliver anti-tumoral therapies directly to tumor regions while minimizing systemic toxicity. However, challenges persist, including blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, hemodynamic complexities, and drug-tumor residence time. Innovative adjunct techniques, such as focused ultrasound (FUS) and hyperosmotic disruption, may facilitate BBB disruption and enhance drug penetration. However, hemodynamic factors that limit drug residence time remain a limitation. Expanding therapeutic options beyond chemotherapy, including radiotherapy and immunobiologics, may motivate future investigations. While preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate moderate efficacy, larger randomized trials are needed to validate the clinical benefits. Additionally, future directions may involve endovascular sampling for peri-tumoral surveillance; changes in drug formulations to prolong residence time; and the exploration of non-pharmaceutical therapies, like radioembolization and photodynamic therapy. Endovascular strategies hold immense potential in reshaping HGG treatment paradigms, offering targeted and minimally invasive approaches. However, overcoming technical challenges and validating clinical efficacy remain paramount for translating these advancements into clinical care."
6900,brain tumour,38672658,Focused Ultrasound-Enhanced Liquid Biopsy: A Promising Diagnostic Tool for Brain Tumor Patients.,"The performance of minimally invasive molecular diagnostic tools in brain tumors, such as liquid biopsy, has so far been limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB hinders the release of brain tumor biomarkers into the bloodstream. The use of focused ultrasound in conjunction with microbubbles has been shown to temporarily open the BBB (FUS-BBBO). This may enhance blood-based tumor biomarker levels. This systematic review provides an overview of the data regarding FUS-BBBO-enhanced liquid biopsy for primary brain tumors. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Embase databases with key terms ""brain tumors"", ""liquid biopsy"", ""FUS"" and their synonyms, in accordance with PRISMA statement guidelines. Five preclinical and two clinical studies were included. Preclinical studies utilized mouse, rat and porcine glioma models. Biomarker levels were found to be higher in sonicated groups compared to control groups. Both stable and inertial microbubble cavitation increased biomarker levels, whereas only inertial cavitation induced microhemorrhages. In clinical studies involving 14 patients with high-grade brain tumors, biomarker levels were increased after FUS-BBBO with stable cavitation. In conclusion, FUS-BBBO-enhanced liquid biopsy using stable cavitation shows diagnostic potential for primary brain tumors. Further research is imperative before integrating FUS-BBBO for liquid biopsy enhancement into clinical practice."
6901,brain tumour,38672638,Glioma Stem Cells-Features for New Therapy Design.,"On a molecular level, glioma is very diverse and presents a whole spectrum of specific genetic and epigenetic alterations. The tumors are unfortunately resistant to available therapies and the survival rate is low. The explanation of significant intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity and the infiltrative capability of gliomas, as well as its resistance to therapy, recurrence and aggressive behavior, lies in a small subset of tumor-initiating cells that behave like stem cells and are known as glioma cancer stem cells (GCSCs). They are responsible for tumor plasticity and are influenced by genetic drivers. Additionally, GCSCs also display greater migratory abilities. A great effort is under way in order to find ways to eliminate or neutralize GCSCs. Many different treatment strategies are currently being explored, including modulation of the tumor microenvironment, posttranscriptional regulation, epigenetic modulation and immunotherapy."
6902,brain tumour,38672625,Predicting Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Status in Non-Contrast-Enhanced Adult-Type Astrocytic Tumors Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging and ,"We aimed to differentiate the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status among non-enhanced astrocytic tumors using preoperative MRI and PET. We analyzed 82 patients with non-contrast-enhanced, diffuse, supratentorial astrocytic tumors (IDH mutant [IDH-mut], 55 patients; IDH-wildtype [IDH-wt], 27 patients) who underwent MRI and PET between May 2012 and December 2022. We calculated the fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values using diffusion tensor imaging. We evaluated the tumor/normal brain uptake (T/N) ratios using "
6903,brain tumour,38672606,Automatic Brain Tissue and Lesion Segmentation and Multi-Parametric Mapping of Contrast-Enhancing Gliomas without the Injection of Contrast Agents: A Preliminary Study.,"This study aimed to develop a rapid, 1 mm"
6904,brain tumour,38672600,"Ocular and Periocular Metastasis in Breast Cancer: Clinical Characteristics, Prognostic Factors and Treatment Outcome.",Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality and morbidity worldwide. Ocular and periocular metastasis present as a rare but clinically significant manifestation. This study aims to explore demographics and clinical aspects of ocular and periocular metastasis in breast cancer patients.
6905,brain tumour,38672566,Emerging Therapies for Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma is most commonly a primary brain tumor and the utmost malignant one, with a survival rate of approximately 12-18 months. Glioblastoma is highly heterogeneous, demonstrating that different types of cells from the same tumor can manifest distinct gene expression patterns and biological behaviors. Conventional therapies such as temozolomide, radiation, and surgery have limitations. As of now, there is no cure for glioblastoma. Alternative treatment methods to eradicate glioblastoma are discussed in this review, including targeted therapies to PI3K, NFKβ, JAK-STAT, CK2, WNT, NOTCH, Hedgehog, and TGFβ pathways. The highly novel application of oncolytic viruses and nanomaterials in combating glioblastoma are also discussed. Despite scores of clinical trials for glioblastoma, the prognosis remains poor. Progress in breaching the blood-brain barrier with nanomaterials and novel avenues for targeted and combination treatments hold promise for the future development of efficacious glioblastoma therapies."
6906,brain tumour,38672556,Human-Level Differentiation of Medulloblastoma from Pilocytic Astrocytoma: A Real-World Multicenter Pilot Study.,"Medulloblastoma and pilocytic astrocytoma are the two most common pediatric brain tumors with overlapping imaging features. In this proof-of-concept study, we investigated using a deep learning classifier trained on a multicenter data set to differentiate these tumor types. We developed a patch-based 3D-DenseNet classifier, utilizing automated tumor segmentation. Given the heterogeneity of imaging data (and available sequences), we used all individually available preoperative imaging sequences to make the model robust to varying input. We compared the classifier to diagnostic assessments by five readers with varying experience in pediatric brain tumors. Overall, we included 195 preoperative MRIs from children with medulloblastoma ("
6907,brain tumour,38672496,Mechanism of Notch Signaling Pathway in Malignant Progression of Glioblastoma and Targeted Therapy.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of glioma and the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system. Despite significant advances in clinical management strategies and diagnostic techniques for GBM in recent years, it remains a fatal disease. The current standard of care includes surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, but the five-year survival rate for patients is less than 5%. The search for a more precise diagnosis and earlier intervention remains a critical and urgent challenge in clinical practice. The Notch signaling pathway is a critical signaling system that has been extensively studied in the malignant progression of glioblastoma. This highly conserved signaling cascade is central to a variety of biological processes, including growth, proliferation, self-renewal, migration, apoptosis, and metabolism. In GBM, accumulating data suggest that the Notch signaling pathway is hyperactive and contributes to GBM initiation, progression, and treatment resistance. This review summarizes the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of the Notch signaling pathway in GBM, as well as some clinical advances targeting the Notch signaling pathway in cancer and glioblastoma, highlighting its potential as a focus for novel therapeutic strategies."
6908,brain tumour,38672482,Hyaluronic Acid Prevents Fusion of Brain Tumor-Derived Spheroids and Selectively Alters Their Gene Expression Profile.,"Hyaluronic acid (HA), a major glycosaminoglycan of the brain extracellular matrix, modulates cell behaviors through binding its receptor, Cd44. In this study, we assessed the influence of HA on high-grade brain tumors in vitro. The model comprised cell cultures derived from six rodent carcinogen-induced brain tumors, forming 3D spheroids prone to spontaneous fusion. Supplementation of the standard culture medium with 0.25% HA significantly inhibited the fusion rates, preserving the shape and size uniformity of spheroids. The 3D cultures were assigned to two groups; a "
6909,brain tumour,38672477,The Expression of Serglycin Is Required for Active Transforming Growth Factor β Receptor I Tumorigenic Signaling in Glioblastoma Cells and Paracrine Activation of Stromal Fibroblasts via CXCR-2.,"Serglycin (SRGN) is a pro-tumorigenic proteoglycan expressed and secreted by various aggressive tumors including glioblastoma (GBM). In our study, we investigated the interplay and biological outcomes of SRGN with TGFβRI, CXCR-2 and inflammatory mediators in GBM cells and fibroblasts. SRGN overexpression is associated with poor survival in GBM patients. High SRGN levels also exhibit a positive correlation with increased levels of various inflammatory mediators including members of TGFβ signaling pathway, cytokines and receptors including CXCR-2 and proteolytic enzymes in GBM patients. SRGN-suppressed GBM cells show decreased expressions of TGFβRI associated with lower responsiveness to the manipulation of TGFβ/TGFβRI pathway and the regulation of pro-tumorigenic properties. Active TGFβRI signaling in control GBM cells promotes their proliferation, invasion, proteolytic and inflammatory potential. Fibroblasts cultured with culture media derived by control SRGN-expressing GBM cells exhibit increased proliferation, migration and overexpression of cytokines and proteolytic enzymes including CXCL-1, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, CCL-20, CCL-2, and MMP-9. Culture media derived by SRGN-suppressed GBM cells fail to induce the above properties to fibroblasts. Importantly, the activation of fibroblasts by GBM cells not only relies on the expression of SRGN in GBM cells but also on active CXCR-2 signaling both in GBM cells and fibroblasts."
6910,brain tumour,38672408,Synthesis and Validation of TRIFAPYs as a Family of Transfection Agents for Therapeutic Oligonucleotides.,"Transfection agents play a crucial role in facilitating the uptake of nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells offering potential therapeutic solutions for genetic disorders. However, progress in this field needs the development of improved systems that guarantee efficient transfection. Here, we describe the synthesis of a set of chemical delivery agents (TRIFAPYs) containing alkyl chains of different lengths based on the 1,3,5-tris[(4-alkyloxy-1pyridinio)methyl]benzene tribromide structure. Their delivery properties for therapeutic oligonucleotides were evaluated using PolyPurine Reverse Hoogsteen hairpins (PPRHs) as a silencing tool. The binding of liposomes to PPRHs was evaluated by retardation assays in agarose gels. The complexes had a size of 125 nm as determined by DLS, forming well-defined concentrical vesicles as visualized by Cryo-TEM. The prostate cancer cell line PC-3 was used to study the internalization of the nanoparticles by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The mechanism of entrance involved in the cellular uptake was mainly by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Cytotoxicity analyses determined the intrinsic toxicity caused by each TRIFAPY and the effect on cell viability upon transfection of a specific PPRH (HpsPr-C) directed against the antiapoptotic target survivin. TRIFAPYs C12-C18 were selected to expand these studies in the breast cancer cell line SKBR-3 opening the usage of TRIFAPYs for both sexes and, in the hCMEC/D3 cell line, as a model for the blood-brain barrier. The mRNA levels of survivin decreased, while apoptosis levels increased upon the transfection of HpsPr-C with these TRIFAPYs in PC-3 cells. Therefore, TRIFAPYs can be considered novel lipid-based vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides."
6911,brain tumour,38672261,"Antitumor Efficacy of Arylquin 1 through Dose-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis Induction, and Synergy with Radiotherapy in Glioblastoma Models.","Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive form of brain cancer, is characterized by rapid growth and resistance to conventional therapies. Current treatments offer limited effectiveness, leading to poor survival rates and the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Arylquin 1 has emerged as a potential therapeutic candidate because of its unique mechanism of inducing apoptosis in cancer cells without affecting normal cells. This study investigated the efficacy of Arylquin 1 against GBM using the GBM8401 and A172 cells by assessing its dose-dependent cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, and synergy with radiotherapy. In vitro assays demonstrated a significant reduction in cell viability and increased apoptosis, particularly at high concentrations of Arylquin 1. Migration and invasion analyses revealed notable inhibition of cellular motility. In vivo experiments on NU/NU nude mice with intracranially implanted GBM cells revealed that Arylquin 1 substantially reduced tumor growth, an effect magnified by concurrent radiotherapy. These findings indicate that by promoting apoptosis and enhancing radiosensitivity, Arylquin 1 is a potent therapeutic option for GBM treatment."
6912,brain tumour,38672241,Validating Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS) as a Diagnostic Tool for Glioma Follow-Up after Surgery.,"Gliomas are a type of brain tumor that requires accurate monitoring for progression following surgery. The Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS) has emerged as a potential tool for improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing the need for repeated operations. This prospective multicenter study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of BT-RADS in predicting tumor progression (TP) in postoperative glioma patients and evaluate its acceptance in clinical practice. The study enrolled patients with a history of partial or complete resection of high-grade glioma. All patients underwent two consecutive follow-up brain MRI examinations. Five neuroradiologists independently evaluated the MRI examinations using the BT-RADS. The diagnostic accuracy of the BT-RADS for predicting TP was calculated using histopathology after reoperation and clinical and imaging follow-up as reference standards. Reliability based on inter-reader agreement (IRA) was assessed using kappa statistics. Reader acceptance was evaluated using a short survey. The final analysis included 73 patients (male, 67.1%; female, 32.9%; mean age, 43.2 ± 12.9 years; age range, 31-67 years); 47.9% showed TP, and 52.1% showed no TP. According to readers, TP was observed in 25-41.7% of BT-3a, 61.5-88.9% of BT-3b, 75-90.9% of BT-3c, and 91.7-100% of BT-RADS-4. Considering >BT-RADS-3a as a cutoff value for TP, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the BT-RADS were 68.6-85.7%, 84.2-92.1%, and 78.1-86.3%, respectively, according to the reader. The overall IRA was good (κ = 0.75) for the final BT-RADS classification and very good for detecting new lesions (κ = 0.89). The readers completely agreed with the statement ""the application of the BT-RADS should be encouraged"" (score = 25). The BT-RADS has good diagnostic accuracy and reliability for predicting TP in postoperative glioma patients. However, BT-RADS 3 needs further improvements to increase its diagnostic accuracy."
6913,brain tumour,38672004,"Editorial for Brain Sciences Special Issue: ""Advances in Skull Base Tumor Surgery: The Practical Pearls"".","The field of skull base surgery is unique; it involves the adequate and coordinated multidisciplinary interaction of multiple specialties, such as otorhinolaryngology, maxillofacial surgery, ophthalmology, neuro-anesthesiology, oncology, radiation oncology, neurophysiology, and neurosurgery [...]."
6914,brain tumour,38671988,"Concordance between Wada, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, and Magnetoencephalography for Determining Hemispheric Dominance for Language: A Retrospective Study.","Determination of language hemispheric dominance (HD) in patients undergoing evaluation for epilepsy surgery has traditionally relied on the sodium amobarbital (Wada) test. The emergence of non-invasive methods for determining language laterality has increasingly shown to be a viable alternative. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), compared to the Wada test, in determining language HD in a sample of 12 patients. TMS-induced speech errors were classified as speech arrest, semantic, or performance errors, and the HD was based on the total number of errors in each hemisphere with equal weighting of all errors (classic) and with a higher weighting of speech arrests and semantic errors (weighted). Using MEG, HD for language was based on the spatial extent of long-latency activity sources localized to receptive language regions. Based on the classic and weighted language laterality index (LI) in 12 patients, TMS was concordant with the Wada in 58.33% and 66.67% of patients, respectively. In eight patients, MEG language mapping was deemed conclusive, with a concordance rate of 75% with the Wada test. Our results indicate that TMS and MEG have moderate and strong agreement, respectively, with the Wada test, suggesting they could be used as non-invasive substitutes."
6915,brain tumour,38671983,The Interplay between Glioblastoma Cells and Tumor Microenvironment: New Perspectives for Early Diagnosis and Targeted Cancer Therapy.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) stands out as the most tremendous brain tumor, constituting 60% of primary brain cancers, accompanied by dismal survival rates. Despite advancements in research, therapeutic options remain limited to chemotherapy and surgery. GBM molecular heterogeneity, the intricate interaction with the tumor microenvironment (TME), and non-selective treatments contribute to the neoplastic relapse. Diagnostic challenges arise from GBM advanced-stage detection, necessitating the exploration of novel biomarkers for early diagnosis. Using data from the literature and a bioinformatic tool, the current manuscript delineates the molecular interplay between human GBM, astrocytes, and myeloid cells, underscoring selected protein pathways belonging to astroglia and myeloid lineage, which can be considered for targeted therapies. Moreover, the pivotal role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in orchestrating a favorable microenvironment for cancer progression is highlighted, suggesting their utility in identifying biomarkers for GBM early diagnosis."
6916,brain tumour,38671980,Natural Compounds Oridonin and Shikonin Exhibit Potentially Beneficial Regulatory Effects on Select Functions of Microglia.,"Accumulating evidence indicates that the adverse neuroimmune activation of microglia, brain immunocytes that support neurons, contributes to a range of neuroinflammatory disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Correcting the abnormal functions of microglia is a potential therapeutic strategy for these diseases. Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor (NLRP) 3 inflammasomes are implicated in adverse microglial activation and their inhibitors, such as the natural compounds oridonin and shikonin, reduce microglial immune responses. We hypothesized that some of the beneficial effects of oridonin and shikonin on microglia are independent of their suppression of NLRP3 inflammasomes. Murine and human microglia-like cells were stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) only, which did not induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation or the resulting secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, allowing for the identification of other anti-inflammatory effects. Under these experimental conditions, both oridonin and shikonin reduced nitric oxide (NO) secretion and the cytotoxicity of BV-2 murine microglia towards HT-22 murine neuronal cells, but upregulated BV-2 cell phagocytic activity. Only oridonin inhibited the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by stimulated BV-2 microglia, while only shikonin suppressed the respiratory burst response of human HL-60 microglia-like cells. This observed discrepancy indicates that these natural compounds may have different molecular targets in microglia. Overall, our results suggest that oridonin and shikonin should be further investigated as pharmacological agents capable of correcting dysfunctional microglia, supporting their potential use in neuroinflammatory disorders."
6917,brain tumour,38671961,Current Status and Future Perspective in Glioma Invasion Research.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor in adults and shows an extremely poor prognosis, with a median survival of 15 months [...]."
6918,brain tumour,38671953,Machine Learning-Assisted Classification of Paraffin-Embedded Brain Tumors with Raman Spectroscopy.,"Raman spectroscopy (RS) has demonstrated its utility in neurooncological diagnostics, spanning from intraoperative tumor detection to the analysis of tissue samples peri- and postoperatively. In this study, we employed Raman spectroscopy (RS) to monitor alterations in the molecular vibrational characteristics of a broad range of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) intracranial neoplasms (including primary brain tumors and meningiomas, as well as brain metastases) and considered specific challenges when employing RS on FFPE tissue during the routine neuropathological workflow. We spectroscopically measured 82 intracranial neoplasms on CaF"
6919,brain tumour,38671881,,Our study aimed to explore the impact and mechanism of 
6920,brain tumour,38671536,Personalized identification and characterization of genome-wide gene expression differences between patient-matched intracranial and extracranial melanoma metastasis pairs.,"Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer that frequently spreads to other organs of the human body. Especially melanoma metastases to the brain (intracranial metastases) are hard to treat and a major cause of death of melanoma patients. Little is known about molecular alterations and altered mechanisms that distinguish intra- from extracranial melanoma metastases. So far, almost all existing studies compared intracranial metastases from one set of patients to extracranial metastases of an another set of melanoma patients. This neglects the important facts that each melanoma is highly individual and that intra- and extracranial melanoma metastases from the same patient are more similar to each other than to melanoma metastases from other patients in the same organ. To overcome this, we compared the gene expression profiles of 16 intracranial metastases to their corresponding 21 patient-matched extracranial metastases in a personalized way using a three-state Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to identify altered genes for each individual metastasis pair. This enabled three major findings by considering the predicted gene expression alterations across all patients: (i) most frequently altered pathways include cytokine-receptor interaction, calcium signaling, ECM-receptor interaction, cAMP signaling, Jak-STAT and PI3K/Akt signaling, (ii) immune-relevant signaling pathway genes were downregulated in intracranial metastases, and (iii) intracranial metastases were associated with a brain-like phenotype gene expression program. Further, the integration of all differentially expressed genes across the patient-matched melanoma metastasis pairs led to a set of 103 genes that were consistently down- or up-regulated in at least 11 of the 16 of the patients. This set of genes contained many genes involved in the regulation of immune responses, cell growth, cellular signaling and transport processes. An analysis of these genes in the TCGA melanoma cohort showed that the expression behavior of 11 genes was significantly associated with survival. Moreover, a comparison of the 103 genes to three closely related melanoma metastasis studies revealed a core set of eight genes that were consistently down- or upregulated in intra- compared to extracranial metastases in at least two of the three related studies (down: CILP, DPT, FGF7, LAMP3, MEOX2, TMEM119; up: GLDN, PMP2) including FGF7 that was also significantly associated with survival. Our findings contribute to a better characterization of genes and pathways that distinguish intra- from extracranial melanoma metastasis and provide important hints for future experimental studies to identify potential targets for new therapeutic approaches."
6921,brain tumour,38671333,Author Correction: Exploring fetal brain tumor glioblastoma symptom verification with self organizing maps and vulnerability data analysis.,No abstract found
6922,brain tumour,38671004,Diphthamide deficiency promotes association of eEF2 with p53 to induce p21 expression and neural crest defects.,"Diphthamide is a modified histidine residue unique for eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2), a key ribosomal protein. Loss of this evolutionarily conserved modification causes developmental defects through unknown mechanisms. In a patient with compound heterozygous mutations in Diphthamide Biosynthesis 1 (DPH1) and impaired eEF2 diphthamide modification, we observe multiple defects in neural crest (NC)-derived tissues. Knockin mice harboring the patient's mutations and Xenopus embryos with Dph1 depleted also display NC defects, which can be attributed to reduced proliferation in the neuroepithelium. DPH1 depletion facilitates dissociation of eEF2 from ribosomes and association with p53 to promote transcription of the cell cycle inhibitor p21, resulting in inhibited proliferation. Knockout of one p21 allele rescues the NC phenotypes in the knockin mice carrying the patient's mutations. These findings uncover an unexpected role for eEF2 as a transcriptional coactivator for p53 to induce p21 expression and NC defects, which is regulated by diphthamide modification."
6923,brain tumour,38670903,Survival outcomes after using charged particle radiotherapy as a treatment modality for gliomas: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Charged particle therapy is an emerging radiation treatment for a number of tumors; however, more research is needed to determine its safety and efficacy when treating intra-axial brain tumors (commonly known as gliomas). The overall survival of patients treated with charged particle radiation versus those receiving photon therapy were compared in this systematic review and meta-analysis."
6924,brain tumour,38670802,,"Histone deacetylase expression and activity are often dysregulated in central nervous system (CNS) tumors, providing a rationale for investigating histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) in selected brain tumor patients. Although many HDACIs have shown potential in "
6925,brain tumour,38670753,Polymeric nanoparticles decorated with fragmented chitosan as modulation systems for neuronal drug uptake.,"This study aimed to modify chitosan (CS) by gamma irradiation and use it as a surface coating of nanoparticles (NPs) fabricated of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) to create mostly biocompatible nanosystems that can transport drugs to neurons. Gamma irradiation produced irradiated CS (CSγ) with a very low molecular weight (15.2-19.2 kDa). Coating NPs-PLGA with CSγ caused significant changes in their Z potential, making it slightly positive (from -21.7 ± 2.8 mV to +7.1 ± 2.3 mV) and in their particle size (184.4 0.4 ± 7.9 nm to 211.9 ± 14.04 nm). However, these changes were more pronounced in NPs coated with non-irradiated CS (Z potential = +54.0 ± 1.43 mV, size = 348.1 ± 16.44 nm). NPs coated with CSγ presented lower cytotoxicity and similar internalization levels in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells than NPs coated with non-irradiated CS, suggesting higher biocompatibility. Highly biocompatible NPs are desirable as nanocarriers to deliver drugs to the brain, as they help maintain the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, the NPs developed in this study could be evaluated as drug-delivery systems for treating brain diseases."
6926,brain tumour,38670305,ANKZF1 knockdown inhibits glioblastoma progression by promoting intramitochondrial protein aggregation through mitoRQC.,"Protein homeostasis is fundamental to the development of tumors. Ribosome-associated quality-control (RQC) is able to add alanine and threonine to the stagnant polypeptide chain C-terminal (CAT-tail) when protein translation is hindered, while Ankyrin repeat and zinc-finger domain-containing-protein 1 (ANKZF1) can counteract the formation of the CAT-tail, preventing the aggregation of polypeptide chains. In particular, ANKZF1 plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial protein homeostasis by mitochondrial RQC (mitoRQC) after translation stagnation of precursor proteins targeting mitochondria. However, the role of ANKZF1 in glioblastoma is unclear. Therefore, the current study was aimed to investigate the effects of ANKZF1 in glioblastoma cells and a nude mouse glioblastoma xenograft model. Here, we reported that knockdown of ANKZF1 in glioblastoma cells resulted in the accumulation of CAT-tail in mitochondria, leading to the activated mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and inhibits glioblastoma malignant progression. Excessive CAT-tail sequestered mitochondrial chaperones HSP60, mtHSP70 and proteases LONP1 as well as mitochondrial respiratory chain subunits ND1, Cytb, mtCO2 and ATP6, leading to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction, membrane potential impairment, and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway activation. Our study highlights ANKZF1 as a valuable target for glioblastoma intervention and provides an innovative insight for the treatment of glioblastoma through the regulating of mitochondrial protein homeostasis."
6927,brain tumour,38670277,Diet-induced metabolic and immune impairments are sex-specifically modulated by soluble TNF signaling in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.,"Emerging evidence indicates that high-fat, high carbohydrate diet (HFHC) impacts central pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) across both human incidences and animal models. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. Here, we identify compartment-specific metabolic and inflammatory dysregulations that are induced by HFHC diet in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD pathology. We observe that both male and female 5xFAD mice display exacerbated adiposity, cholesterolemia, and dysregulated insulin signaling. Independent of biological sex, HFHC diet also resulted in altered inflammatory cytokine profiles across the gastrointestinal, circulating, and central nervous systems (CNS) compartments demonstrating region-specific impacts of metabolic inflammation. Interestingly, inhibiting the inflammatory cytokine, soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) with the brain-permeant soluble TNF inhibitor XPro1595 was able to restore aspects of HFHC-induced metabolic inflammation, but only in male mice. Targeted transcriptomics of CNS regions revealed that inhibition of soluble TNF was sufficient to alter expression of hippocampal and cortical genes associated with beneficial immune and metabolic responses. Collectively, these results suggest that HFHC diet impairs metabolic and inflammatory pathways in an AD-relevant genotype and that soluble TNF has sex-dependent roles in modulating these pathways across anatomical compartments. Modulation of energy homeostasis and inflammation may provide new therapeutic avenues for AD."
6928,brain tumour,38670157,Prior knowledge-guided multilevel graph neural network for tumor risk prediction and interpretation via multi-omics data integration.,"The interrelation and complementary nature of multi-omics data can provide valuable insights into the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying diseases. However, challenges such as limited sample size, high data dimensionality and differences in omics modalities pose significant obstacles to fully harnessing the potential of these data. The prior knowledge such as gene regulatory network and pathway information harbors useful gene-gene interaction and gene functional module information. To effectively integrate multi-omics data and make full use of the prior knowledge, here, we propose a Multilevel-graph neural network (GNN): a hierarchically designed deep learning algorithm that sequentially leverages multi-omics data, gene regulatory networks and pathway information to extract features and enhance accuracy in predicting survival risk. Our method achieved better accuracy compared with existing methods. Furthermore, key factors nonlinearly associated with the tumor pathogenesis are prioritized by employing two interpretation algorithms (i.e. GNN-Explainer and IGscore) for neural networks, at gene and pathway level, respectively. The top genes and pathways exhibit strong associations with disease in survival analyses, many of which such as SEC61G and CYP27B1 are previously reported in the literature."
6929,brain tumour,38669967,Ethanolic extract of Arctium lappa leaves alleviates cerebral ischemia reperfusion-induced inflammatory injury via HDAC9-mediated NF-κB pathway.,Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Inflammatory response is crucial in the pathogenesis of tissue injury in cerebral infarction. Arctium lappa leaves are traditionally used to treat IS.
6930,brain tumour,38669755,Structural changes in corticospinal tract profiling via multishell diffusion models and their relation to overall survival in glioblastoma.,"Advanced MR fiber tracking imaging reflects fiber bundle invasion by glioblastoma, particularly of the corticospinal tract (CST), which is more susceptible as the largest downstream fiber tracts. We aimed to investigate whether CST features can predict the overall survival of glioblastoma."
6931,brain tumour,38669717,Brain tumor detection using proper orthogonal decomposition integrated with deep learning networks.,"The central organ of the human nervous system is the brain, which receives and sends stimuli to the various parts of the body to engage in daily activities. Uncontrolled growth of brain cells can result in tumors which affect the normal functions of healthy brain cells. An automatic reliable technique for detecting tumors is imperative to assist medical practitioners in the timely diagnosis of patients. Although machine learning models are being used, with minimal data availability to train, development of low-order based models integrated with machine learning are a tool for reliable detection."
6932,brain tumour,38669716,Analysis of bihemispheric language function in pediatric neurosurgical patients using repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation.,"Language dominance in the developing brain can vary widely across anatomical and pathological conditions as well as age groups. Repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rnTMS) has been applied to calculate the hemispheric dominance ratio (HDR) in adults. In this study, the authors aimed to assess the feasibility of using rnTMS to identify language lateralization in a pediatric neurosurgical cohort and to correlate the preoperative rnTMS findings with the postoperative language outcome."
6933,brain tumour,38669710,Correlation of older age with better progression-free survival despite less aggressive resection in nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas.,"Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) present at a wide range of ages; it is possible that variable outcomes are based on patient age at presentation. This study aimed to explore long-term outcomes of patients with NFPAs following endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (ETS), considering age stratification."
6934,brain tumour,38669708,Evaluation of the extent of resection of intracranial tumors with virtual intraoperative MRI: a case series.,"Intraoperative MRI (iMRI) is the gold-standard technique for intraoperative evaluation of the extent of resection in brain tumor surgery. Unfortunately, it is currently available at only a few neurosurgical centers. A commercially available software, Virtual iMRI Cranial, provides an elastic fusion between preoperative MRI and intraoperative CT (iCT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of this software in determining the presence of residual tumor."
6935,brain tumour,38669701,"Endoscopic endonasal pituitary sacrifice for select tumors with retrochiasmatic and/or retrosellar extension: surgical anatomy, operative technique, and case series.","Tumors located in the retrochiasmatic region with extension to the third ventricle might be difficult to access when the pituitary-chiasmatic corridor is narrow. Similarly, tumor extension into the interpeduncular and retrosellar space poses a major surgical challenge. Pituitary transposition techniques have been developed to gain additional access. However, when preoperative pituitary function is already impaired or the risk of postoperative panhypopituitarism (PH) is considered to be particularly high, removal of the pituitary gland (PG) might be the preferred option to increase the working corridor. The aim of this study was to describe the relevant surgical anatomy, operative steps, and clinical experience with the endoscopic endonasal pituitary sacrifice (EEPS) and transsellar approach."
6936,brain tumour,38669700,Longitudinal brain volumetrics in glioma survivors.,"Radiation therapy (RT) is used selectively for patients with low-grade glioma (LGG) given the concerns for potential cognitive effects in survivors, but prior cognitive outcome studies among LGG survivors have had inconsistent findings. Translational studies that characterize changes in brain anatomy and physiology after treatment of LGG may help to both contextualize cognitive findings and improve the overall understanding of radiation effects in normal brain tissue. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that patients with LGG who are treated with RT will experience greater brain volume loss than those who do not receive RT."
6937,brain tumour,38669559,Colonoscopy and Subsequent Risk of Parkinson's Disease.,"Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused by the misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein in neurons into toxic oligomers and fibrils that have prion-like properties allowing them to infect healthy neurons and to be transmitted to animal models of PD by injection or oral exposure. Given α-synuclein fibrils' potential transmission on the gut-brain axis, α-synuclein may be transmitted through colonoscopy procedures."
6938,brain tumour,38669546,The Association of Circulating Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 with Cognitive Functions and Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease.,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease that is clinically characterized by progressive cognitive decline. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone that belongs to the incretin family and is released in response to nutrient intake. It plays a role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and has been suggested to be involved in maintaining the brain microenvironment. However, the role of GLP-1 in AD pathogenesis has not been fully illustrated."
6939,brain tumour,38669482,Application of stoichiometric CT number calibration method for dose calculation of tissue heterogeneous volumes in boron neutron capture therapy.,"Monte Carlo simulation code is commonly used for the dose calculation of boron neutron capture therapy. In the past, dose calculation was performed assuming a homogeneous mass density and elemental composition inside the tissue, regardless of the patient's age or sex. Studies have shown that the mass density varies with patient to patient, particularly for those that have undergone surgery or radiotherapy. A method to convert computed tomography numbers into mass density and elemental weights of tissues has been developed and applied in the dose calculation process using Monte Carlo codes. A recent study has shown the variation in the computed tomography number between different scanners for low- and high-density materials."
6940,brain tumour,38669418,Brain radiotherapy and anlotinib control primary cardiac angiosarcoma with metastases: A case report.,Primary cardiac angiosarcoma (PCA) is a rare and fatal disease with a poor prognosis. Whether the survival of PCA patients can be prolonged with additional treatment following complete surgical excision is controversial.
6941,brain tumour,38669410,A practical nomogram for predicting early death in elderly small cell lung cancer patients: A SEER-based study.,"This study aimed to identify risk factors for early death in elderly small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients and develop nomogram prediction models for all-cause and cancer-specific early death to improve patient management. Data of elderly patients diagnosed with SCLC were extracted from the SEER database, then randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. Univariate and stepwise multivariable Logistic regression analyses were performed on the training cohort to identify independent risk factors for early death in these patients. Nomograms were developed based on these factors to predict the overall risk of early death. The efficacy of the nomograms was validated using various methods, including ROC analysis, calibration curves, DCA, NRI, and IDI. Among 2077 elderly SCLC patients, 773 died within 3 months, 713 due to cancer-specific causes. Older age, higher AJCC staging, brain metastases, and lack of surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy increase the risk of all-cause early death, while higher AJCC staging, brain metastases, lung metastases, and lack of surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy increase the risk of cancer-specific death (P < .05). These identified factors were used to construct 2 nomograms to predict the risk of early death. The ROC indicated that the nomograms performed well in predicting both all-cause early death (AUC = 0.823 in the training cohort and AUC = 0.843 in the validation cohort) and cancer-specific early death (AUC = 0.814 in the training cohort and AUC = 0.841 in the validation cohort). The results of calibration curves, DCAs, NRI and IDI also showed that the 2 sets of nomograms had good predictive power and clinical utility and were superior to the commonly used TNM staging system. The nomogram prediction models constructed in this study can effectively assist clinicians in predicting the risk of early death in elderly SCLC patients, and can also help physicians screen patients at higher risk and develop personalized treatment plans for them."
6942,brain tumour,38669361,Experience of multi-disciplinary treatment of multiple cerebellar diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A case report.,"Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare, highly malignant form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma categorized under the diffuse large B-cell type. It accounts for merely 1% of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases and comprises approximately 3% of all brain tumors. The involvement of the cerebellum is observed in only 9% of these cases. Recently, we came across an unusual instance: a young man presenting with multiple lesions located specifically within the cerebellum."
6943,brain tumour,38669270,Hypoxia delays steroid-induced developmental maturation in Drosophila by suppressing EGF signaling.,"Animals often grow and develop in unpredictable environments where factors like food availability, temperature, and oxygen levels can fluctuate dramatically. To ensure proper sexual maturation into adulthood, juvenile animals need to adapt their growth and developmental rates to these fluctuating environmental conditions. Failure to do so can result in impaired maturation and incorrect body size. Here we describe a mechanism by which Drosophila larvae adapt their development in low oxygen (hypoxia). During normal development, larvae grow and increase in mass until they reach critical weight (CW), after which point a neuroendocrine circuit triggers the production of the steroid hormone ecdysone from the prothoracic gland (PG), which promotes maturation to the pupal stage. However, when raised in hypoxia (5% oxygen), larvae slow their growth and delay their maturation to the pupal stage. We find that, although hypoxia delays the attainment of CW, the maturation delay occurs mainly because of hypoxia acting late in development to suppress ecdysone production. This suppression operates through a distinct mechanism from nutrient deprivation, occurs independently of HIF-1 alpha and does not involve dilp8 or modulation of Ptth, the main neuropeptide that initiates ecdysone production in the PG. Instead, we find that hypoxia lowers the expression of the EGF ligand, spitz, and that the delay in maturation occurs due to reduced EGFR/ERK signaling in the PG. Our study sheds light on how animals can adjust their development rate in response to changing oxygen levels in their environment. Given that hypoxia is a feature of both normal physiology and many diseases, our findings have important implications for understanding how low oxygen levels may impact animal development in both normal and pathological situations."
6944,brain tumour,38669103,Promoter hypomethylated PDZK1 acts as a tumorigenic gene in glioma by interacting with AKT1.,"Glioma is the most frequently diagnosed primary brain tumor and typically has a poor prognosis because of malignant proliferation and invasion. It is urgent to elucidate the mechanisms driving glioma tumorigenesis and develop novel treatments to address this deadly disease. Here, we first revealed that PDZK1 is expressed at high levels in gliomas. Promoter hypomethylation may cause high expression of PDZK1 in glioma. Knockdown of PDZK1 inhibits glioma cell proliferation and invasion "
6945,brain tumour,38669002,CAR T-cell therapy: a potential treatment strategy for pediatric midline gliomas.,"Pediatric brain tumors are the primary cause of death in children with cancer. Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) are frequently unresectable due to their difficult access location, and 5-year survival remains less than 20%. Despite significant advances in tumor biology and genetics, treatment options remain limited and ineffective. Immunotherapy using T cells with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that has been genetically engineered is quickly emerging as a new treatment option for these patients. High levels of expression were detected for both disialoganglioside (GD2) and B7-H3 in pediatric DMG/DIPG. Numerous studies have been conducted in recent years employing various generations of GD2-CAR T cells. The two most prevalent adverse effects found with this therapy are cytokine release syndrome, which varies in severity from mild constitutional symptoms to a high-grade disease associated with potentially fatal multi-organ failure, and neurotoxicity, known as CAR T-cell-related encephalopathy syndrome. During the acute phase of anticancer action, peri-tumoral neuro-inflammation might cause deadly hydrocephalus. The initial results of clinical trials show that the outcomes are not highly encouraging as B cell malignancies and myelomas. In vivo research on CAR T-cell therapy for DIPG has yielded encouraging results, but in human trials, the early results have shown potentially fatal side effects and very modest, but fleeting improvements. Solid tumors present a hindrance to CAR T-cell therapy because of the antigenic dilemma and the strong immune-suppressing tumor microenvironment."
6946,brain tumour,38668900,Resiquimod Induces C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 Via Nuclear Factor-Kappa B in SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells.,"Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 plays an important role in recognizing virus-derived nucleic acids. TLR7 signaling in astrocytes and microglia is critical for activating immune responses against neurotrophic viruses. Neurons express TLR7, similar to glial cells; however, the role of neuronal TLR7 has not yet been fully elucidated. This study sought to determine whether resiquimod, the TLR7/8 agonist, induces the expression of inflammatory chemokines in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that TLR7 was constitutively expressed in SH-SY5Y cells. Stimulation with resiquimod induced C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) expression, accompanied by the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in SH-SY5Y cells. Resiquimod increased mRNA levels of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) and CXCL10, while the increase was slight at the protein level. Knockdown of NF-κB p65 eliminated resiquimod-induced CCL2 production. This study provides novel evidence that resiquimod has promising therapeutic potential against central nervous system viral infections through its immunostimulatory effects on neurons."
6947,brain tumour,38668707,"Design, Synthesis, and Investigation of the Pharmacokinetics and Anticancer Activities of Indenoisoquinoline Derivatives That Stabilize the G-Quadruplex in the ",G-quadruplexes are noncanonical four-stranded DNA secondary structures. 
6948,brain tumour,38668671,Regarding the significance of plasmatic arginine/homoarginine in neurogenic pulmonary edema following surgery of medulla oblongata tumors patients.,No abstract found
6949,brain tumour,38668403,Executive Functions in a Patient with Low-Grade Glioma of the Central Nervous System: A Case Report.,"Central nervous system tumors produce adverse outcomes in daily life, although low-grade gliomas are rare in adults. In neurological clinics, the state of impairment of executive functions goes unnoticed in the examinations and interviews carried out. For this reason, the objective of this study was to describe the executive function of a 59-year-old adult neurocancer patient. This study is novel in integrating and demonstrating biological effects and outcomes in performance evaluated by a neuropsychological instrument and psychological interviews. For this purpose, pre- and post-evaluations were carried out of neurological and neuropsychological functioning through neuroimaging techniques (iRM, spectroscopy, electroencephalography), hospital medical history, psychological interviews, and the Wisconsin Card Classification Test (WCST). There was evidence of deterioration in executive performance, as evidenced by the increase in perseverative scores, failure to maintain one's attitude, and an inability to learn in relation to clinical samples. This information coincides with the evolution of neuroimaging over time. Our case shows that the presence of the tumor is associated with alterations in executive functions that are not very evident in clinical interviews or are explicit in neuropsychological evaluations. In this study, we quantified the degree of impairment of executive functions in a patient with low-grade glioma in a middle-income country where research is scarce."
6950,brain tumour,38668068,Survival Outcome Prediction in Glioblastoma: Insights from MRI Radiomics.,
6951,brain tumour,38668045,Radiological and Not Clinical Variables Guide the Surgical Plan in Patients with Glioblastoma.,
6952,brain tumour,38668041,Successful Multimodal Treatment of Intracranial Growing Teratoma Syndrome with Malignant Features.,"Molecular analysis of the growing teratoma syndrome has not been extensively studied. Here, we report a 14-year-old boy with a growing mass during treatment for a mixed germ cell tumor of the pineal region. Tumor markers were negative; thus, growing teratoma syndrome was suspected. A radical resection via the occipital transtentorial approach was performed, and histopathological examination revealed a teratoma with malignant features. Methylation classifier analysis confirmed the diagnosis of teratoma, and "
6953,brain tumour,38668035,Prognosis versus Actual Outcomes in Stereotactic Radiosurgery of Brain Metastases: Reliability of Common Prognostic Parameters and Indices.,"This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcome of stereotactic radiosurgery as the sole treatment for brain metastases and to assess prognostic factors influencing survival. A total of 108 consecutive patients with 213 metastases were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment was determined with close-meshed MRI follow-up. Various prognostic factors were assessed, and several prognostic indices were compared regarding their reliability to estimate overall survival. Median overall survival was 15 months; one-year overall survival was 50.5%. Both one- and two-year local controls were 90.9%. The rate of new metastases after SRS was 49.1%. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors revealed that the presence of extracranial metastases, male sex, lower KPI, and progressive extracranial disease were significant risk factors for decreased survival. Of all evaluated prognostic indices, the Basic Score for Brain Metastases (BSBMs) showed the best correlation with overall survival. A substantial survival advantage was found for female patients after SRS when compared to male patients (18 versus 9 months, "
6954,brain tumour,38667629,Audiological Characteristics of Vestibular Schwannoma Patients With Normal Pure-Tone Audiometry.,To investigate the audiological characteristics of vestibular schwannoma (VS) patients with normal pure-tone audiometry (PTA) results.
6955,brain tumour,38667329,Nuclear Phospholipids and Signaling: An Update of the Story.,"In the last three decades, the presence of phospholipids in the nucleus has been shown and thoroughly investigated. A considerable amount of interest has been raised about nuclear inositol lipids, mainly because of their role in signaling acting. Here, we review the main issues of nuclear phospholipid localization and the role of nuclear inositol lipids and their related enzymes in cellular signaling, both in physiological and pathological conditions."
6956,brain tumour,38667286,"Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Progenitor Cells Showed Neuronal Differentiation, Neurite Extension, and Formation of Synaptic Structures in Rodent Ischemic Stroke Brains.","Ischemic stroke is a major cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality rates; however, effective treatments for ischemic stroke-related neurological dysfunction have yet to be developed. In this study, we generated neural progenitor cells from human leukocyte antigen major loci gene-homozygous-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-NPCs) and evaluated their therapeutic effects against ischemic stroke. hiPSC-NPCs were intracerebrally transplanted into rat ischemic brains produced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion at either the subacute or acute stage, and their in vivo survival, differentiation, and efficacy for functional improvement in neurological dysfunction were evaluated. hiPSC-NPCs were histologically identified in host brain tissues and showed neuronal differentiation into vGLUT-positive glutamatergic neurons, extended neurites into both the ipsilateral infarct and contralateral healthy hemispheres, and synaptic structures formed 12 weeks after both acute and subacute stage transplantation. They also improved neurological function when transplanted at the subacute stage with γ-secretase inhibitor pretreatment. However, their effects were modest and not significant and showed a possible risk of cells remaining in their undifferentiated and immature status in acute-stage transplantation. These results suggest that hiPSC-NPCs show cell replacement effects in ischemic stroke-damaged neural tissues, but their efficacy is insufficient for neurological functional improvement after acute or subacute transplantation. Further optimization of cell preparation methods and the timing of transplantation is required to balance the efficacy and safety of hiPSC-NPC transplantation."
6957,brain tumour,38667157,Procalcitonin Detection Using Immunomagnetic Beads-Mediated Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.,"The early detection of procalcitonin (PCT) is crucial for diagnosing bacterial infections due to its high sensitivity and specificity. While colloidal gold colorimetric and immune-chemiluminescence methods are commonly employed in clinical detection, the former lacks sensitivity, and the latter faces challenges with a brief luminescence process and an elevated background. Here, we introduce a novel approach for the quantitative analysis of PCT using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), leveraging the enhanced properties of metal nanoparticles. Simultaneously, we employed a magnetic nanoparticle coating and surface biofunctionalization modification to immobilize PCT-trapping antibodies, creating the required immune substrates. The resulting magnetic nanoparticles and antibody complexes, acting as carriers and recognition units, exhibited superparamagnetism and the specific recognition of biomarkers. Then, this complex efficiently underwent magnetic separation with an applied magnetic field, streamlining the cumbersome steps of traditional ELISA and significantly reducing the detection time. In conclusion, the exploration of immunomagnetic bead detection technology based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy holds crucial practical significance for the sensitive detection of PCT."
6958,brain tumour,38666927,Thioredoxin Domain Containing 5 (TXNDC5): Friend or Foe?,"This review focuses on the thioredoxin domain containing 5 (TXNDC5), also known as endoplasmic reticulum protein 46 (ERp46), a member of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family with a dual role in multiple diseases. TXNDC5 is highly expressed in endothelial cells, fibroblasts, pancreatic β-cells, liver cells, and hypoxic tissues, such as cancer endothelial cells and atherosclerotic plaques. TXNDC5 plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and antioxidative stress. Its potential significance in cancer warrants further investigation, given the altered and highly adaptable metabolism of tumor cells. It has been reported that both high and low levels of TXNDC5 expression are associated with multiple diseases, such as arthritis, cancer, diabetes, brain diseases, and infections, as well as worse prognoses. TXNDC5 has been attributed to both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive features. It has been concluded that in cancer, TXNDC5 acts as a foe and responds to metabolic and cellular stress signals to promote the survival of tumor cells against apoptosis. Conversely, in normal cells, TXNDC5 acts as a friend to safeguard cells against oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Therefore, TXNDC5 could serve as a viable biomarker or even a potential pharmacological target."
6959,brain tumour,38666558,Multi-level brain tumor classification using hybrid coot flamingo search optimization Algorithm Enabled deep learning with MRI images.,"An innovative multi-level BT classification approach based on deep learning has been proposed in this article. Here, classification is accomplished using the SpinalNet, whose structure is optimized by the Hybrid Coot Flamingo Search Optimization Algorithm (CootFSOA). Further, a novel segmentation approach using CootFSOA-LinkNet is devised for isolating the tumour area from the brain image. Here, the input MRI images are fed into the Adaptive Kalman Filter (AKF) to denoise the image. In the segmentation process, LinkNet is used to separate the tumour region from the MRI image. CootFSOA is used to achieve structural optimization of LinkNet. The segmented image is then used to create several features, and the resulting feature vector is fed into SpinalNet to detect BT. CootFSOA is used in this instance as well to adjust the SpinalNet's hyperparameters and achieve high detection accuracy. If a tumour is detected, second-level classification is carried out by employing the CootFSOA-SpinalNet to classify the input image into several types, such as gliomas, pituitary tumours, and meningiomas. Moreover, the efficacy of the CootFSOA-SpinalNet has been examined considering accuracy, True Positive Rate (TPR), and True Negative Rate (TNR) and has recorded superior values of 0.926, 0.931, and 0.925, respectively."
6960,brain tumour,38666540,An NIR-II-emitting type-I photosensitizer for efficient hypoxic tumor phototheranostics.,"A small molecule-based NIR-II type-I photosensitizer (IT-IC) with a strong push-pull effect and good planar π-conjugated structure was synthesized. The IT-IC NPs exhibited strong light absorption, outstanding NIR-II fluorescence emission, excellent photothermal conversion and efficient type-I/II ROS generation, showing encouraging therapeutic outcomes for hypoxic tumors."
6961,brain tumour,38666433,Long-term survival of a patient with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and untreated multiple brain metastases treated with zorifertinib: A case report.,"Brain metastases (BM) are common in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and confer poor prognoses. Zorifertinib (AZD3759), an EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with high blood-brain barrier penetration, has previously demonstrated promising systemic and intracranial antitumor activity in phase 1-3 studies. This is the first report of a patient with EGFR-mutant (exon 21 L858R) NSCLC and symptomatic untreated multiple BM who achieved a long overall survival (OS) of more than 65 months after sequential treatment with zorifertinib and a third-generation EGFR-TKI. This new treatment paradigm offers a new treatment option and deserves further clinical exploration to prolong OS of patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC and untreated multiple BM."
6962,brain tumour,38666025,ecGBMsub: an integrative stacking ensemble model framework based on eccDNA molecular profiling for improving IDH wild-type glioblastoma molecular subtype classification.,"IDH wild-type glioblastoma (GBM) intrinsic subtypes have been linked to different molecular landscapes and outcomes. Accurate prediction of molecular subtypes of GBM is very important to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment. Leveraging machine learning technology to improve the subtype classification was considered a robust strategy. Several single machine learning models have been developed to predict survival or stratify patients. An ensemble learning strategy combines several basic learners to boost model performance. However, it still lacked a robust stacking ensemble learning model with high accuracy in clinical practice. Here, we developed a novel integrative stacking ensemble model framework (ecGBMsub) for improving IDH wild-type GBM molecular subtype classification. In the framework, nine single models with the best hyperparameters were fitted based on extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) molecular profiling. Then, the top five optimal single models were selected as base models. By randomly combining the five optimal base models, 26 different combinations were finally generated. Nine different meta-models with the best hyperparameters were fitted based on the prediction results of 26 different combinations, resulting in 234 different stacked ensemble models. All models in ecGBMsub were comprehensively evaluated and compared. Finally, the stacking ensemble model named ""XGBoost.Enet-stacking-Enet"" was chosen as the optimal model in the ecGBMsub framework. A user-friendly web tool was developed to facilitate accessibility to the XGBoost.Enet-stacking-Enet models (https://lizesheng20190820.shinyapps.io/ecGBMsub/)."
6963,brain tumour,38665992,Incremental Learning for Heterogeneous Structure Segmentation in Brain Tumor MRI.,"Deep learning (DL) models for segmenting various anatomical structures have achieved great success via a static DL model that is trained in a single source domain. Yet, the static DL model is likely to perform poorly in a continually evolving environment, requiring appropriate model updates. In an incremental learning setting, we would expect that well-trained static models are updated, following continually evolving target domain data-e.g., additional lesions or structures of interest-collected from different sites, without catastrophic forgetting. This, however, poses challenges, due to distribution shifts, additional structures not seen during the initial model training, and the absence of training data in a source domain. To address these challenges, in this work, we seek to progressively evolve an ""off-the-shelf"" trained segmentation model to diverse datasets with additional anatomical categories in a unified manner. Specifically, we first propose a divergence-aware dual-flow module with balanced rigidity and plasticity branches to decouple old and new tasks, which is guided by continuous batch renormalization. Then, a complementary pseudo-label training scheme with self-entropy regularized momentum MixUp decay is developed for adaptive network optimization. We evaluated our framework on a brain tumor segmentation task with continually changing target domains-i.e., new MRI scanners/modalities with incremental structures. Our framework was able to well retain the discriminability of previously learned structures, hence enabling the realistic life-long segmentation model extension along with the widespread accumulation of big medical data."
6964,brain tumour,38665597,BT-CNN: a balanced binary tree architecture for classification of brain tumour using MRI imaging.,"Deep learning is a very important technique in clinical diagnosis and therapy in the present world. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a recent development in deep learning that is used in computer vision. Our medical investigation focuses on the identification of brain tumour. To improve the brain tumour classification performance a Balanced binary Tree CNN (BT-CNN) which is framed in a binary tree-like structure is proposed. It has a two distinct modules-the convolution and the depthwise separable convolution group. The usage of convolution group achieves lower time and higher memory, while the opposite is true for the depthwise separable convolution group. This balanced binarty tree inspired CNN balances both the groups to achieve maximum performance in terms of time and space. The proposed model along with state-of-the-art models like CNN-KNN and models proposed by Musallam et al., Saikat et al., and Amin et al. are experimented on public datasets. Before we feed the data into model the images are pre-processed using CLAHE, denoising, cropping, and scaling. The pre-processed dataset is partitioned into training and testing datasets as per 5 fold cross validation. The proposed model is trained and compared its perforarmance with state-of-the-art models like CNN-KNN and models proposed by Musallam et al., Saikat et al., and Amin et al. The proposed model reported average training accuracy of 99.61% compared to other models. The proposed model achieved 96.06% test accuracy where as other models achieved 68.86%, 85.8%, 86.88%, and 90.41% respectively. Further, the proposed model obtained lowest standard deviation on training and test accuracies across all folds, making it invariable to dataset."
6965,brain tumour,38664996,Applications of 3D Bioprinting Technology to Brain Cells and Brain Tumor Models: Special Emphasis to Glioblastoma.,"Primary brain tumor is one of the most fatal diseases. The most malignant type among them, glioblastoma (GBM), has low survival rates. Standard treatments reduce the life quality of patients due to serious side effects. Tumor aggressiveness and the unique structure of the brain render the removal of tumors and the development of new therapies challenging. To elucidate the characteristics of brain tumors and examine their response to drugs, realistic systems that mimic the tumor environment and cellular crosstalk are desperately needed. In the past decade, 3D GBM models have been presented as excellent platforms as they allowed the investigation of the phenotypes of GBM and testing innovative therapeutic strategies. In that scope, 3D bioprinting technology offers utilities such as fabricating realistic 3D bioprinted structures in a layer-by-layer manner and precisely controlled deposition of materials and cells, and they can be integrated with other technologies like the microfluidics approach. This Review covers studies that investigated 3D bioprinted brain tumor models, especially GBM using 3D bioprinting techniques and essential parameters that affect the result and quality of the study like frequently used cells, the type and physical characteristics of hydrogel, bioprinting conditions, cross-linking methods, and characterization techniques."
6966,brain tumour,38664994,"Comprehensive Insights Into Pediatric Craniopharyngioma: Endocrine and Metabolic Profiles, Treatment Challenges, and Long-term Outcomes from a Multicenter Study.","Craniopharyngiomas (CPG) have complex treatment challenges due to their proximity to vital structures, surgical and radiotherapeutic complexities, and the tendency for recurrence. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of endocrine and metabolic comorbidities observed during initial diagnosis and long-term follow-up in a nationwide cohort of pediatric CPG patients. A further aim was to highlight the difficulties associated with CPG management."
6967,brain tumour,38664894,Dosimetric impact of contour editing on CT and MRI deep-learning autosegmentation for brain OARs.,"To establish the clinical applicability of deep-learning organ-at-risk autocontouring models (DL-AC) for brain radiotherapy. The dosimetric impact of contour editing, prior to model training, on performance was evaluated for both CT and MRI-based models. The correlation between geometric and dosimetric measures was also investigated to establish whether dosimetric assessment is required for clinical validation."
6968,brain tumour,38664630,A qualitative evaluation of factors influencing Tumor Treating fields (TTFields) therapy decision making among brain tumor patients and physicians.,"Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) Therapy is an FDA-approved therapy in the first line and recurrent setting for glioblastoma. Despite Phase 3 evidence showing improved survival with TTFields, it is not uniformly utilized. We aimed to examine patient and clinician views of TTFields and factors shaping utilization of TTFields through a unique research partnership with medical neuro oncology and medical social sciences."
6969,brain tumour,38664436,Automatic brain-tumor diagnosis using cascaded deep convolutional neural networks with symmetric U-Net and asymmetric residual-blocks.,"The use of various kinds of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for examining brain tissue has increased significantly in recent years, and manual investigation of each of the resulting images can be a time-consuming task. This paper presents an automatic brain-tumor diagnosis system that uses a CNN for detection, classification, and segmentation of glioblastomas; the latter stage seeks to segment tumors inside glioma MRI images. The structure of the developed multi-unit system consists of two stages. The first stage is responsible for tumor detection and classification by categorizing brain MRI images into normal, high-grade glioma (glioblastoma), and low-grade glioma. The uniqueness of the proposed network lies in its use of different levels of features, including local and global paths. The second stage is responsible for tumor segmentation, and skip connections and residual units are used during this step. Using 1800 images extracted from the BraTS 2017 dataset, the detection and classification stage was found to achieve a maximum accuracy of 99%. The segmentation stage was then evaluated using the Dice score, specificity, and sensitivity. The results showed that the suggested deep-learning-based system ranks highest among a variety of different strategies reported in the literature."
6970,brain tumour,38664416,Group 3 medulloblastoma transcriptional networks collapse under domain specific EP300/CBP inhibition.,"Chemical discovery efforts commonly target individual protein domains. Many proteins, including the EP300/CBP histone acetyltransferases (HATs), contain several targetable domains. EP300/CBP are critical gene-regulatory targets in cancer, with existing high potency inhibitors of either the catalytic HAT domain or protein-binding bromodomain (BRD). A domain-specific inhibitory approach to multidomain-containing proteins may identify exceptional-responding tumor types, thereby expanding a therapeutic index. Here, we discover that targeting EP300/CBP using the domain-specific inhibitors, A485 (HAT) or CCS1477 (BRD) have different effects in select tumor types. Group 3 medulloblastoma (G3MB) cells are especially sensitive to BRD, compared with HAT inhibition. Structurally, these effects are mediated by the difluorophenyl group in the catalytic core of CCS1477. Mechanistically, bromodomain inhibition causes rapid disruption of genetic dependency networks that are required for G3MB growth. These studies provide a domain-specific structural foundation for drug discovery efforts targeting EP300/CBP and identify a selective role for the EP300/CBP bromodomain in maintaining genetic dependency networks in G3MB."
6971,brain tumour,38664336,Clinical and radiographic characteristics of patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas categorized according to their serum prolactin concentration: novel predictors of postoperative transient diabetes insipidus following surgery.,"Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are often associated with hyperprolactinemia, which is known as the ""stalk effect"". However, the relationships between hyperprolactinemia and the radiographic characteristics of the tumor that affects the pituitary stalk have not been well characterized. We aimed to identify the differences in the clinical and radiographic characteristics of patients with NFPA, with and without hyperprolactinemia."
6972,brain tumour,38664311,Results from a first-in-human phase I safety trial to evaluate the use of a vascularized pericranial/temporoparietal fascial flap to line the resection cavity following resection of newly diagnosed glioblastoma.,"The efficacy of systemic therapies for glioblastoma (GBM) remains limited due to the constraints of systemic toxicity and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Temporoparietal fascial flaps (TPFFs) and vascularized peri cranial flaps (PCF) are not restricted by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), as they derive their vascular supply from branches of the external carotid artery. Transposition of a vascularized TPFF or PCF along a GBM resection cavity may bring autologous tissue not restricted by the BBB in close vicinity to the tumor bed microenvironment, permit ingrowth of vascular channels fed by the external circulation, and offer a mechanism of bypassing the BBB. In addition, circulating immune cells in the vascularized flap may have better access to tumor-associated antigens (TAA) within the tumor microenvironment. We conducted a first-in-human Phase I trial assessing the safety of lining the resection cavity with autologous TPFF/PCF of newly diagnosed patients with GBM."
6973,brain tumour,38664268,A Monte Carlo simulation-based decision support system for radiation oncologists in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.,"In the present research, we have developed a model-based crisp logic function statistical classifier decision support system supplemented with treatment planning systems for radiation oncologists in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This system is based on Monte Carlo radiation transport simulation and it recreates visualization of treatment environments on mathematical anthropomorphic brain (MAB) phantoms. Energy deposition within tumour tissue and normal tissues are graded by quality audit factors which ensure planned dose delivery to tumour site thereby minimising damages to healthy tissues. The proposed novel methodology predicts tumour growth response to radiation therapy from a patient-specific medicine quality audit perspective. Validation of the study was achieved by recreating thirty-eight patient-specific mathematical anthropomorphic brain phantoms of treatment environments by taking into consideration density variation and composition of brain tissues. Dose computations accomplished through water phantom, tissue-equivalent head phantoms are neither cost-effective, nor patient-specific customized and is often less accurate. The above-highlighted drawbacks can be overcome by using open-source Electron Gamma Shower (EGSnrc) software and clinical case reports for MAB phantom synthesis which would result in accurate dosimetry with due consideration to the time factors. Considerable dose deviations occur at the tumour site for environments with intraventricular glioblastoma, haematoma, abscess, trapped air and cranial flaps leading to quality factors with a lower logic value of 0. Logic value of 1 depicts higher dose deposition within healthy tissues and also leptomeninges for majority of the environments which results in radiation-induced laceration."
6974,brain tumour,38664020,MRI and ,PET using the radiolabeled amino acid 
6975,brain tumour,38663930,An exploration of causal relationships between nine neurological diseases and the risk of breast cancer: a Mendelian randomization study.,"Some preceding researches have observed that certain neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, may affect breast cancer risk. However, whether there are causal relationships between these neurological conditions and breast cancer is inconclusive. This study was designed to explore whether neurological disorders affected the risks of breast cancer overall and of the two subtypes (ER+ and ER-)."
6976,brain tumour,38663911,Machine learning and new insights for breast cancer diagnosis.,"Breast cancer (BC) is the most prominent form of cancer among females all over the world. The current methods of BC detection include X-ray mammography, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and breast thermographic techniques. More recently, machine learning (ML) tools have been increasingly employed in diagnostic medicine for its high efficiency in detection and intervention. The subsequent imaging features and mathematical analyses can then be used to generate ML models, which stratify, differentiate and detect benign and malignant breast lesions. Given its marked advantages, radiomics is a frequently used tool in recent research and clinics. Artificial neural networks and deep learning (DL) are novel forms of ML that evaluate data using computer simulation of the human brain. DL directly processes unstructured information, such as images, sounds and language, and performs precise clinical image stratification, medical record analyses and tumour diagnosis. Herein, this review thoroughly summarizes prior investigations on the application of medical images for the detection and intervention of BC using radiomics, namely DL and ML. The aim was to provide guidance to scientists regarding the use of artificial intelligence and ML in research and the clinic."
6977,brain tumour,38663352,Stratification of glioma based on stemness scores in bulk and single-cell transcriptomes.,Brain tumours are known to have a high mortality and morbidity rate due to their localised and frequent invasive growth. The concept that glioma resistance could originate from the dissimilarity in the vulnerability of clonogenic glial stem cells to chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation has driven the scientific community to reexamine the comprehension of glioma growth and strategies that target these cells or modify their stemness.
6978,brain tumour,38663236,"Response to the Letter to the Editor regarding ""Mobile phone use and brain tumour risk - COSMOS, a prospective cohort study"".",No abstract found
6979,brain tumour,26389330,Childhood Craniopharyngioma Treatment (PDQ®): Health Professional Version,"This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the treatment of childhood craniopharyngioma. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians in the care of their patients. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions. This summary is reviewed regularly and updated as necessary by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board, which is editorially independent of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or the National Institutes of Health (NIH)."
6980,brain tumour,38662730,Long-term weight gain in children with craniopharyngioma.,Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma mainly affects children. Excessive weight gain is a major long-term complication. The primary objective of this study was to assess long-term weight changes in children treated for craniopharyngioma. The secondary objectives were to identify risk factors for excessive weight gain and to look for associations with hypothalamic damage by the tumour or treatment.
6981,brain tumour,38662454,RNA splicing analysis deciphers developmental hierarchies and reveals therapeutic targets in adult glioma.,"Widespread alterations in RNA alternative splicing (AS) have been identified in adult gliomas. However, their regulatory mechanism, biological significance, and therapeutic potential remain largely elusive. Here, using a computational approach with both bulk and single-cell RNA-Seq, we uncover a prognostic AS signature linked with neural developmental hierarchies. Using advanced iPSC glioma models driven by glioma driver mutations, we show that this AS signature could be enhanced by EGFRvIII and inhibited by in situ IDH1 mutation. Functional validations of 2 isoform switching events in CERS5 and MPZL1 show regulations of sphingolipid metabolism and SHP2 signaling, respectively. Analysis of upstream RNA binding proteins reveals PTBP1 as a key regulator of the AS signature where targeting of PTBP1 suppresses tumor growth and promotes the expression of a neuron marker TUJ1 in glioma stem-like cells. Overall, our data highlights the role of AS in affecting glioma malignancy and heterogeneity and its potential as a therapeutic vulnerability for treating adult gliomas."
6982,brain tumour,38662286,Predictive Model to Identify the Long Time Survivor in Patients with Glioblastoma: A Cohort Study Integrating Machine Learning Algorithms.,"We aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for identifying long-term survivors (LTS) among glioblastoma (GB) patients, defined as those with an overall survival (OS) of more than 3 years. A total of 293 GB patients from CGGA and 169 from TCGA database were assigned to training and validation cohort, respectively. The differences in expression of immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) and immune infiltration landscape were compared between LTS and short time survivor (STS) (OS<1.5 years). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were used to identify the genes differentially expressed between LTS and STS. Three different machine learning algorithms were employed to select the predictive genes from the overlapping region of DEGs and WGCNA to construct the nomogram. The comparison between LTS and STS revealed that STS exhibited an immune-resistant status, with higher expression of ICGs (P<0.05) and greater infiltration of immune suppression cells compared to LTS (P<0.05). Four genes, namely, OSMR, FMOD, CXCL14, and TIMP1, were identified and incorporated into the nomogram, which possessed good potential in predicting LTS probability among GB patients both in the training (C-index, 0.791; 0.772-0.817) and validation cohort (C-index, 0.770; 0.751-0.806). STS was found to be more likely to exhibit an immune-cold phenotype. The identified predictive genes were used to construct the nomogram with potential to identify LTS among GB patients."
6983,brain tumour,38662222,Role of sodium fluorescein in pediatric low-grade glioma surgery: an update.,"Complete surgical resection is still the mainstay in the treatment of central nervous system low-grade tumors, eventually resulting curative. The complete surgical removal of these lesions, however, may be difficult in some cases because of their infiltrative nature. Intraoperative adjuncts may be a game changer. Sodium fluorescein (SF) is among the ideal candidates as intraoperative tools to favor the actual recognition of the tumor extension, since it accumulates in areas of altered blood-brain barrier, a typical characteristic of pediatric gliomas, and has a low rate of adverse events. This work proposes an update of previous works about the evaluation of the feasibility and usefulness of a systematic use of SF in a low-grade lesion group of pediatric patients."
6984,brain tumour,38662171,SEOM-GEINO clinical guidelines for grade 2 gliomas (2023).,"The 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification has updated the definition of grade 2 gliomas and the presence of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation has been deemed the cornerstone of diagnosis. Though slow-growing and having a low proliferative index, grade 2 gliomas are incurable by surgery and complementary treatments are vital to improving prognosis. This guideline provides recommendations on the multidisciplinary treatment of grade 2 astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas based on the best evidence available."
6985,brain tumour,38662151,"PUMC-MB1 is a novel group 3 medulloblastoma preclinical model, sensitive to PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor.","Medulloblastoma (MB), a common and heterogeneous posterior fossa tumor in pediatric patients, presents diverse prognostic outcomes. To advance our understanding of MB's intricate biology, the development of novel patient tumor-derived culture MB models with necessary data is still an essential requirement."
6986,brain tumour,38662150,Exploring the impact of primary care utilization and health information exchange upon treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of glioblastoma patients.,"There is limited literature describing care coordination for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). We aimed to investigate the impact of primary care and electronic health information exchange (HIE) between neurosurgeons, oncologists, and primary care providers (PCP) on GBM treatment patterns, postoperative outcomes, and survival."
6987,brain tumour,38662144,A Prognostic Methylation-Driven Two-Gene Signature in Medulloblastoma.,"Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most common pediatric brain tumors and it is estimated that one-third of patients will not achieve long-term survival. Conventional prognostic parameters have limited and unreliable correlations with MB outcome, presenting a major challenge for patients' clinical improvement. Acknowledging this issue, our aim was to build a gene signature and evaluate its potential as a new prognostic model for patients with the disease. In this study, we used six datasets totaling 1679 samples including RNA gene expression and DNA methylation data from primary MB as well as control samples from healthy cerebellum. We identified methylation-driven genes (MDGs) in MB, genes whose expression is correlated with their methylation. We employed LASSO regression, incorporating the MDGs as a parameter to develop the prognostic model. Through this approach, we derived a two-gene signature (GS-2) of candidate prognostic biomarkers for MB (CEMIP and NCBP3). Using a risk score model, we confirmed the GS-2 impact on overall survival (OS) with Kaplan-Meier analysis. We evaluated its robustness and accuracy with receiver operating characteristic curves predicting OS at 1, 3, and 5 years in multiple independent datasets. The GS-2 showed highly significant results as an independent prognostic biomarker compared to traditional MB markers. The methylation-regulated GS-2 risk score model can effectively classify patients with MB into high and low-risk, reinforcing the importance of this epigenetic modification in the disease. Such genes stand out as promising prognostic biomarkers with potential application for MB treatment."
6988,brain tumour,38662138,Does the role of non-coding RNA FAM131B-AS2 in glioblastoma go beyond the ATR pathway? A correspondence.,No abstract found
6989,brain tumour,38661644,KIAA0040 enhances glioma growth by controlling the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway.,"The role of KIAA0040 role in glioma development is not yet understood despite its connection to nervous system diseases. In this study, KIAA0040 expression levels were evaluated using qRT-PCR, WB and IHC, and functional assays were conducted to assess its impact on glioma progression, along with animal experiments. Moreover, WB was used to examine the impact of KIAA0040 on the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. Our study found that KIAA0040 was increased in glioma and linked to tumour grade and poor clinical outcomes, serving as an independent prognostic factor. Functional assays showed that KIAA0040 enhances glioma growth, migration and invasion by activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Of course, KIAA0040 enhances glioma growth by preventing tumour cell death and promoting cell cycle advancement. Our findings suggest that targeting KIAA0040 could be an effective treatment for glioma due to its role in promoting aggressive tumour behaviour and poor prognosis."
6990,brain tumour,38660476,Synchronous Double Primary Tumors of Liver (Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Hepatocellular carcinoma): A Case Report.,"This study presents a case of dual primary liver cancer involving small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. The 58-year-old Chinese male patient, who has a medical history of viral hepatitis B, presented with right upper abdominal pain persisting for one month. Imaging studies indicated the presence of multiple liver masses in segments V and VII-VIII, as well as a mass in the left lung. Subsequent hepatic biopsy performed on both segments confirmed the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma in segment V and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in segment VII-VIII. After undergoing one cycle of chemotherapy, the lung mass exhibited a reduction in size, while the liver masses showed an inadequate response. Subsequently, the patient underwent Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE) and Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy (HIAC), resulting in partial remission (PR). However, the patient was diagnosed with brain metastasis and subsequently treated with Sorafenib and Tirelizumab, a Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor. The efficacy evaluation indicated stability, and no severe adverse effects were observed at the time of writing. The patient's survival time was 16 months."
6991,brain tumour,38660475,,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor, with a highly immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). In this work, we investigated the use of the STimulator of INterferon Genes (STING) pathway as an effective means to remodel the GBM TIME through the recruitment of both innate and adaptive immune cell populations. Using hyaluronic acid (HA), we developed a novel polymer-drug conjugate of a non-nucleotide STING agonist (MSA2), called HA-MSA2 for the "
6992,brain tumour,38660148,Enhancing brain tumor diagnosis: an optimized CNN hyperparameter model for improved accuracy and reliability.,"Hyperparameter tuning plays a pivotal role in the accuracy and reliability of convolutional neural network (CNN) models used in brain tumor diagnosis. These hyperparameters exert control over various aspects of the neural network, encompassing feature extraction, spatial resolution, non-linear mapping, convergence speed, and model complexity. We propose a meticulously refined CNN hyperparameter model designed to optimize critical parameters, including filter number and size, stride padding, pooling techniques, activation functions, learning rate, batch size, and the number of layers. Our approach leverages two publicly available brain tumor MRI datasets for research purposes. The first dataset comprises a total of 7,023 human brain images, categorized into four classes: glioma, meningioma, no tumor, and pituitary. The second dataset contains 253 images classified as ""yes"" and ""no."" Our approach delivers exceptional results, demonstrating an average 94.25% precision, recall, and F1-score with 96% accuracy for dataset 1, while an average 87.5% precision, recall, and F1-score, with accuracy of 88% for dataset 2. To affirm the robustness of our findings, we perform a comprehensive comparison with existing techniques, revealing that our method consistently outperforms these approaches. By systematically fine-tuning these critical hyperparameters, our model not only enhances its performance but also bolsters its generalization capabilities. This optimized CNN model provides medical experts with a more precise and efficient tool for supporting their decision-making processes in brain tumor diagnosis."
6993,brain tumour,38660086,Panhypopituitarism caused by a suprasellar germinoma: A case report.,"Suprasellar germinomas are rare intracranial tumors frequently associated with permanent endocrine disorders. We present the clinical picture, treatment, and complications of suprasellar germinoma at pediatric age which, besides being life-threatening, has lifelong endocrinological consequences."
6994,brain tumour,38659974,Alteration of mechanical stresses in the murine brain by age and hemorrhagic stroke.,"Residual mechanical stresses, also known as solid stresses, emerge during rapid differential growth or remodeling of tissues, as observed in morphogenesis and tumor growth. While residual stresses typically dissipate in most healthy adult organs, as the growth rate decreases, high residual stresses have been reported in mature, healthy brains. However, the origins and consequences of residual mechanical stresses in the brain across health, aging, and disease remain poorly understood. Here, we utilized and validated a previously developed method to map residual mechanical stresses in the brains of mice across three age groups: 5-7 days, 8-12 weeks, and 22 months. We found that residual solid stress rapidly increases from 5-7 days to 8-12 weeks and remains high in mature 22 months mice brains. Three-dimensional mapping revealed unevenly distributed residual stresses from the anterior to posterior coronal brain sections. Since the brain is rich in negatively charged hyaluronic acid, we evaluated the contribution of charged extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents in maintaining solid stress levels. We found that lower ionic strength leads to elevated solid stresses, consistent with its unshielding effect and the subsequent expansion of charged ECM components. Lastly, we demonstrated that hemorrhagic stroke, accompanied by loss of cellular density, resulted in decreased residual stress in the murine brain. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of spatiotemporal alterations of residual solid stresses in healthy and diseased brains, a crucial step toward uncovering the biological and immunological consequences of this understudied mechanical phenotype in the brain."
6995,brain tumour,38659838,Classifying cell cycle states and a quiescent-like G0 state using single-cell transcriptomics.,"Single-cell transcriptomics has unveiled a vast landscape of cellular heterogeneity in which the cell cycle is a significant component. We trained a high-resolution cell cycle classifier (ccAFv2) using single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) characterized human neural stem cells. The ccAFv2 classifies six cell cycle states (G1, Late G1, S, S/G2, G2/M, and M/Early G1) and a quiescent-like G0 state (qG0), and it incorporates a tunable parameter to filter out less certain classifications. The ccAFv2 classifier performed better than or equivalent to other state-of-the-art methods even while classifying more cell cycle states, including G0. We demonstrate that the ccAFv2 classifier is generalizable across cell types and all three germ layers by applying it to developing fetal cells. We showcased the versatility of ccAFv2 by successfully applying it to classify cells, nuclei, and spatial transcriptomics data in humans and mice, using various normalization methods and gene identifiers. We provide methods to regress the cell cycle expression patterns out of single cell or nuclei data to uncover underlying biological signals. The classifier can be used either as an R package integrated with Seurat or a PyPI package integrated with scanpy. We proved that ccAFv2 has enhanced accuracy, flexibility, and adaptability across various experimental conditions, establishing ccAFv2 as a powerful tool for dissecting complex biological systems, unraveling cellular heterogeneity, and deciphering the molecular mechanisms by which proliferation and quiescence affect cellular processes."
6996,brain tumour,38659816,MAPK-mediated PHGDH induction is essential for melanoma formation and represents an actionable vulnerability.,"Overexpression of PHGDH, the rate-limiting enzyme in the serine synthesis pathway, promotes melanomagenesis, melanoma cell proliferation, and survival of metastases in serine-low environments such as the brain. While "
6997,brain tumour,38659585,Efficacy and safety of Shen Gui capsules for chronic heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Although Shen Gui capsules (SGCP) are widely used as an adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (CHF), their clinical efficacy and safety remain controversial."
6998,brain tumour,38659562,Exploring Solitary Fibrous Tumors at a Tertiary Cancer Center: Clinicopathological and Immunomorphologic Profile.,"Background Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a distinct fibroblastic tumor that can occur at any anatomical site and can manifest a variety of histopathological features. NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion has recently emerged as a sensitive and specific molecular marker and its surrogate on immunohistochemistry, STAT6 has also displayed considerable efficacy. Nevertheless, its histologic diversity can result in diagnostic challenges, especially when classic features are not apparent. Methods A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary cancer centre in North India over 3 years to document the clinicopathologic and immunomorphologic profile of SFTs. Immunohistochemical analysis of BCOR and p53 were gauged additionally and patients were stratified according to Modified Demicco and Salas criteria for risk of metastasis. Results Sixteen patients of SFT were identified, affecting middle-aged men and women equally. Though lung/pleura are known to be involved commonly, SFT affects other sites such as the kidney, brain, buccal mucosa, liver, and penis as well. The majority endured localized disease while a lesser number suffered locoregional/distant spread. Two patients revealed features of a malignant profile. Risk stratification according to the Modified Demicco and Salas criteria evinced comparable results. No discernible relationship however was highlighted between the immunohistochemical expression of BCOR, p53, and any significant SFT parameter. Conclusion Although SFTs are very rare substantially benign mesenchymal neoplasms, pathologists must be conversant with their histological diversity and be vigilant of their malignant attributes. The worth of STAT6 immunohistochemistry for precise diagnosis and long-term studies for delineating clinical behavior cannot be overemphasized."
6999,brain tumour,38659447,Effect of moringa seed extract in chlorpyrifos-induced cerebral and ocular toxicity in mice.,"Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most commonly used organophosphosphate-based (OP) insecticides. Its wide use has led to higher morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. Moringa seed extracts (MSE) have shown neuroprotective activity, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial features. The literature lacks data investigating the role of MSE against CPF-induced cerebral and ocular toxicity in mice. Therefore, we aim to investigate this concern. A total of 40 mature male Wistar Albino mice were randomly distributed to five groups. Initially, they underwent a one-week adaptation period, followed by a one-week treatment regimen. The groups included a control group that received saline, MSE 100 mg/kg, CPF 12 mg/kg, CPF-MSE 50 mg/kg, and CPF-MSE 100 mg/kg. After the treatment phase, analyses were conducted on serum, ocular, and cerebral tissues. MSE100 and CPF-MSE100 normalized the pro-inflammatory markers (interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)) and AChE serum levels. CPF-MSE50 significantly enhanced these serum levels compared to CPF; however, it showed higher levels compared to the control. Moreover, the tissue analysis showed a significant decrease in oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO)) and an increase in antioxidant markers (glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in the treated groups compared to CPF. Importantly, the significance of these effects was found to be dose-dependent, particularly evident in the CPF-MSE100 group. We conclude that MSE has a promising therapeutic effect in the cerebral and ocular tissues of CPF-intoxicated mice, providing a potential solution for OP public health issues."
7000,brain tumour,38659399,Prognostic implications of combining EGFR-TKIs and radiotherapy in Stage IV lung adenocarcinoma with 19-Del or 21-L858R mutations: A real-world study.,To elucidate the potential benefits of combining radiotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) for individuals with Stage IV lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) harboring either exon 19 deletion (19-Del) or exon 21 L858R mutation (21-L858R).
7001,brain tumour,38659302,Unravelling pituitary tumours in medically treated patients with acromegaly: the impact of systematic MRI reassessment.,"In acromegaly, the primary tumor is usually found during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary gland. A remnant tumor after surgery is, however, harder to depict. When a tumor is missed, the remaining option is usually lifelong pharmacological treatment."
7002,brain tumour,38659230,Targets and treatments in primary CNS lymphoma.,"Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare and highly aggressive lymphoma entirely localized in the central nervous system or vitreoretinal space. PCNSL generally initially responds to methotrexate-containing chemotherapy regimens, but progressive or relapsing disease is common, and the prognosis is poor for relapsed or refractory (R/R) patients. PCNSL is often characterized by activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) due to mutations in the B-cell receptor (BCR) or toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways, as well as immune evasion. Targeted treatments that inhibit key PCNSL mechanisms and pathways are being evaluated; inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) downstream of BCR activation has demonstrated promising results in treating R/R disease. This review will summarize the evidence and potential for targeted therapeutic agents to improve treatment outcomes in PCNSL. This includes immunotherapeutic and immunomodulatory approaches and inhibitors of the key pathways driving PCNSL, such as aberrant BCR and TLR signaling."
7003,brain tumour,38658971,Single-cell transcriptomics reveal distinct immune-infiltrating phenotypes and macrophage-tumor interaction axes among different lineages of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.,"Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are common gland neoplasms demonstrating distinctive transcription factors. Although the role of immune cells in PitNETs has been widely recognized, the precise immunological environment and its control over tumor cells are poorly understood."
7004,brain tumour,38658858,Gut microbiota composition and metabolic characteristics in patients with Craniopharyngioma.,"Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is associated with various intracranial neoplastic diseases. It has been observed that alterations in the gut microbiota are present in gliomas, meningiomas, and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (Pit-NETs). However, the correlation between gut microbiota and craniopharyngioma (CP), a rare embryonic malformation tumor in the sellar region, has not been previously mentioned. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the gut microbiota composition and metabolic patterns in CP patients, with the goal of identifying potential therapeutic approaches."
7005,brain tumour,38658803,Multimodal joint deconvolution and integrative signature selection in proteomics.,"Deconvolution is an efficient approach for detecting cell-type-specific (cs) transcriptomic signals without cellular segmentation. However, this type of methods may require a reference profile from the same molecular source and tissue type. Here, we present a method to dissect bulk proteome by leveraging tissue-matched transcriptome and proteome without using a proteomics reference panel. Our method also selects the proteins contributing to the cellular heterogeneity shared between bulk transcriptome and proteome. The deconvoluted result enables downstream analyses such as cs-protein Quantitative Trait Loci (cspQTL) mapping. We benchmarked the performance of this multimodal deconvolution approach through CITE-seq pseudo bulk data, a simulation study, and the bulk multi-omics data from human brain normal tissues and breast cancer tumors, individually, showing robust and accurate cell abundance quantification across different datasets. This algorithm is implemented in a tool MICSQTL that also provides cspQTL and multi-omics integrative visualization, available at https://bioconductor.org/packages/MICSQTL ."
7006,brain tumour,38658768,Inhibition of autophagy antagonizes breast cancer brain metastogenesis and augments the anticancer activity of lapatinib.,No abstract found
7007,brain tumour,38658591,A multi-omics analysis-based model to predict the prognosis of low-grade gliomas.,"Lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) exhibit highly variable clinical behaviors, while classic histology characteristics cannot accurately reflect the authentic biological behaviors, clinical outcomes, and prognosis of LGGs. In this study, we carried out analyses of whole exome sequencing, RNA sequencing and DNA methylation in primary vs. recurrent LGG samples, and also combined the multi-omics data to construct a prognostic prediction model. TCGA-LGG dataset was searched for LGG samples. 523 samples were used for whole exome sequencing analysis, 532 for transcriptional analysis, and 529 for DNA methylation analysis. LASSO regression was used to screen genes with significant association with LGG survival from the frequently mutated genes, differentially expressed genes, and differentially methylated genes, whereby a prediction model for prognosis of LGG was further constructed and validated. The most frequently mutated diver genes in LGGs were IDH1 (77%), TP53 (48%), ATRX (37%), etc. Top significantly up-regulated genes were C6orf15, DAO, MEOX2, etc., and top significantly down-regulated genes were DMBX1, GPR50, HMX2, etc. 2077 genes were more and 299 were less methylated in recurrent vs. primary LGG samples. Thirty-nine genes from the above analysis were included to establish a prediction model of survival, which showed that the high-score group had a very significantly shorter survival than the low-score group in both training and testing sets. ROC analysis showed that AUC was 0.817 for the training set and 0.819 for the testing set. This study will be beneficial to accurately predict the survival of LGGs to identify patients with poor prognosis to take specific treatment as early, which will help improve the treatment outcomes and prognosis of LGG."
7008,brain tumour,38658505,Prognostic significance of a signature based on senescence-related genes in colorectal cancer.,"Colorectal cancer, recognized as a quintessential age-related disease, underscores the intricate interplay between aging mechanisms and disease pathogenesis. Cellular senescence, a DNA damage-induced cellular stress response, is characterized by cell cycle arrest, the expression of an inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype, and alterations in extracellular matrix metabolism. It is widely recognized as a fundamental and evolutionarily conserved mechanism of aging. Guided by geroscience principles, which assert that the pathogenesis of age-related diseases involves cellular mechanisms of aging, this study delves into the role of senescence-related genes in colon cancer progression. Leveraging a gene set reflective of senescence-associated pathways, we employed uni- and multivariate Cox proportional hazards survival analysis combined with the determination of the false discovery rate to analyze correlations between gene expression and survival. The integrated database of 1130 colon cancer specimens with available relapse-free survival time and relapse event data from ten independent cohorts provided a robust platform for survival analyses. We identified senescence-related genes associated with differential expression levels linked to shorter survival. Our findings unveil a prognostic signature utilizing cellular senescence-related genes (hazard ratio: 2.73, 95% CI 2.12-3.52, p = 6.4E - 16), offering valuable insights into survival prediction in colon cancer. Multivariate analysis underscored the independence of the senescence-related signature from available epidemiological and pathological variables. This study highlights the potential of senescence-related genes as prognostic biomarkers. Overall, our results underscore the pivotal role of cellular senescence, a fundamental mechanism of aging, in colon cancer progression."
7009,brain tumour,38658328,[Primary central nervous system lymphoma presenting as a unilateral internal auditory canal lesion: a case report].,"A 61-year-old man with right hearing loss and staggering for seven months was diagnosed with sudden deafness although previous evaluation with MRI indicated minor abnormal findings. During follow-up, he developed hypogeusia, right facial nerve palsy, pain in right mandible, right-sided temporal pain, and cerebellar ataxia. Cerebrospinal fluid examination at admission revealed reduced glucose concentration and elevated soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) level, whereas serum sIL-2R level was within the normal range. Brain MRI showed a swollen contrast-enhanced lesion extending from the right internal auditory canal to the middle cerebellar peduncle. Gallium-67 ("
7010,brain tumour,38658199,"Corrigendum to ""Zotiraciclib (TG02) for newly diagnosed glioblastoma in the elderly or for recurrent glioblastoma: The EORTC 1608 STEAM trial"" [Eur J Cancer 198 (2024) 113475].",No abstract found
7011,brain tumour,38657628,GMAlignNet: multi-scale lightweight brain tumor image segmentation with enhanced semantic information consistency.,"Although the U-shaped architecture, represented by UNet, has become a major network model for brain tumor segmentation, the repeated convolution and sampling operations can easily lead to the loss of crucial information. Additionally, directly fusing features from different levels without distinction can easily result in feature misalignment, affecting segmentation accuracy. On the other hand, traditional convolutional blocks used for feature extraction cannot capture the abundant multi-scale information present in brain tumor images. This paper proposes a multi-scale feature-aligned segmentation model called GMAlignNet that fully utilizes Ghost convolution to solve these problems. Ghost hierarchical decoupled fusion unit and Ghost hierarchical decoupled unit are used instead of standard convolutions in the encoding and decoding paths. This transformation replaces the holistic learning of volume structures by traditional convolutional blocks with multi-level learning on a specific view, facilitating the acquisition of abundant multi-scale contextual information through low-cost operations. Furthermore, a feature alignment unit is proposed that can utilize semantic information flow to guide the recovery of upsampled features. It performs pixel-level semantic information correction on misaligned features due to feature fusion. The proposed method is also employed to optimize three classic networks, namely DMFNet, HDCNet, and 3D UNet, demonstrating its effectiveness in automatic brain tumor segmentation. The proposed network model was applied to the BraTS 2018 dataset, and the results indicate that the proposed GMAlignNet achieved Dice coefficients of 81.65%, 90.07%, and 85.16% for enhancing tumor, whole tumor, and tumor core segmentation, respectively. Moreover, with only 0.29 M parameters and 26.88G FLOPs, it demonstrates better potential in terms of computational efficiency and possesses the advantages of lightweight. Extensive experiments on the BraTS 2018, BraTS 2019, and BraTS 2020 datasets suggest that the proposed model exhibits better potential in handling edge details and contour recognition."
7012,brain tumour,38657486,"Surveillance evaluations in patients with stage I, II, III, or resectable IV melanoma who were treated with curative intent: A systematic review.","Appropriate surveillance of patients with melanoma treated with curative intent is vital to improve patient outcomes. A systematic review was conducted to capture locoregional recurrence and metastatic disease, and to evaluate the effectiveness of various surveillance strategies."
7013,brain tumour,38657366,A validated LC-MS/MS method for determination of neuro-pharmacokinetic behavior of niraparib in brain tumor patients.,"Niraparib is a potent and orally bioavailable inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) with high specificity for isoforms 1 and 2. It has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for ovarian cancer maintenance therapy and is currently under development for various cancers, including glioblastoma. To assess central nervous system (CNS) penetration of niraparib in glioblastoma patients, a novel bioanalytical method was developed to measure total and unbound niraparib levels in human brain tumor tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The method was validated using plasma as a surrogate matrix over the concentration range of 1-10,000 nM on an LC-MS/MS system. The MS/MS detection was conducted in positive electrospray ionization mode, while chromatography was performed using a Kinetex™ PS C18 column with a total 3.5-minute gradient elution run time. The maximum coefficient of variation for both intra- and inter-day precision was 10.6%, with accuracy ranging from 92.8% - 118.5% across all matrices. Niraparib was stable in human brain homogenate for at least 6 hours at room temperature (RT) and 32 days at -20°C, as well as in stock and working solutions for at least 21 hours (RT) and 278 days (4°C). Equilibrium dialysis experiments revealed the fractions unbound of 0.05 and 0.16 for niraparib in human brain and plasma, respectively. The validated method is currently employed to assess niraparib levels in human glioblastoma tissue, CSF, and plasma in an ongoing trial on newly diagnosed glioblastoma and recurrent IDH1/2(+) ATRX mutant glioma patients (NCT05076513). Initial results of calculated total (K"
7014,brain tumour,38657298,"Profiles, diagnostic process, and patterns of care of patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer: A French national study.","The management of stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains heterogeneous and complex, even after the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors post-chemoradiotherapy (CRT). This observational study from France evaluated real-world practices in managing stage III NSCLC."
7015,brain tumour,38657204,Multivariate mapping of low-resilient neurocognitive systems within and around low-grade gliomas.,"Accumulating evidence suggests that the brain exhibits a remarkable capacity for functional compensation in response to neurological damage, a resilience potential that is deeply rooted in the malleable features of its underlying anatomofunctional architecture. This propensity is particularly exemplified by diffuse low-grade glioma, a subtype of primary brain tumour. However, functional plasticity is not boundless, and surgical resections directed at structures with limited neuroplasticity can lead to incapacitating impairments. Yet, maximizing diffuse low-grade glioma resections offers substantial oncological benefits, especially when the resection extends beyond the tumour margins (i.e. supra-tumour or supratotal resection). In this context, the primary objective of this study was to identify which cerebral structures were associated with less favourable cognitive outcomes after surgery, while accounting for intra-tumour and supra-tumour features of the surgical resections. To achieve this objective, we leveraged a unique cohort of 400 patients with diffuse low-grade glioma who underwent surgery with awake cognitive mapping. Patients benefitted from a neuropsychological assessment consisting of 18 subtests administered before and 3 months after surgery. We analysed changes in performance and applied topography-focused and disconnection-focused multivariate lesion-symptom mapping using support vector regressions, in an attempt to capture resected cortico-subcortical structures less amenable to full cognitive compensation. The observed changes in performance were of a limited magnitude, suggesting an overall recovery (13 of 18 tasks recovered fully despite a mean resection extent of 92.4%). Nevertheless, lesion-symptom mapping analyses revealed that a lack of recovery in picture naming was linked to damage in the left inferior temporal gyrus and inferior longitudinal fasciculus. Likewise, for semantic fluency abilities, an association was established with damage to the left precuneus/posterior cingulate. For phonological fluency abilities, the left dorsomedial frontal cortex and the frontal aslant tract were implicated. Moreover, difficulties in spatial exploration were associated with injury to the right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and its underlying connectivity. An exploratory analysis suggested that supra-tumour resections were associated with a less pronounced recovery following specific resection patterns, such as supra-tumour resections of the left uncinate fasciculus (picture naming), the left corticostriatal tract and the anterior corpus callosum (phonological fluency), the hippocampus and parahippocampus (episodic memory) and the right frontal-mesial areas (visuospatial exploration). Collectively, these patterns of results shed new light on both low-resilient neural systems and the prediction of cognitive recovery following glioma surgery. Furthermore, they indicate that supra-tumour resections were only occasionally less well tolerated from a cognitive viewpoint. In doing so, they have deep implications for surgical planning and rehabilitation strategies."
7016,brain tumour,38657120,IL1R2 Blockade Alleviates Immunosuppression and Potentiates Anti-PD-1 Efficacy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.,"Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with limited therapeutic options. IL1 receptor type 2 (IL1R2) promotes breast tumor-initiating cell (BTIC) self-renewal and tumor growth in TNBC, indicating that targeting it could improve patient treatment. In this study, we observed that IL1R2 blockade strongly attenuated macrophage recruitment and the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) to inhibit BTIC self-renewal and CD8+ T-cell exhaustion, which resulted in reduced tumor burden and prolonged survival in TNBC mouse models. IL1R2 activation by TAM-derived IL1β increased PD-L1 expression by interacting with the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) and inducing YY1 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in both TAMs and TNBC cells. Loss of YY1 alleviated the transcriptional repression of c-Fos, which is a transcriptional activator of PDL-1. Combined treatment with an IL1R2-neutralizing antibodies and anti-PD-1 led to enhanced antitumor efficacy and reduced TAMs, BTICs, and exhausted CD8+ T cells. These results suggest that IL1R2 blockade might be a strategy to potentiate immune checkpoint blockade efficacy in TNBC to improve patient outcomes. Significance: IL1R2 in both macrophages and breast cancer cells orchestrates an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by upregulating PD-L1 expression and can be targeted to enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1 in triple-negative breast cancer."
7017,brain tumour,38657103,Exploring Novel Therapeutic Avenues for Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Impairment.,"Many patients with cancer are at risk of developing cognitive symptoms that often become evident during or after cancer-directed therapy and may have difficulties with attention, concentration, multitasking, executive function, and memory. Despite recent advances in identifying potential molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cancer and chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment, there is generally a lack of effective treatment strategies, and the development of novel therapeutic interventions represents a major unmet medical need in clinical practice. A recent study by Kim and colleagues suggests that multisensory 40-Hz gamma entrainment using sensory stimuli with combined visual and auditory stimuli is associated with powerful neuroprotective effects in mouse models of cisplatin- or methotrexate-induced ""chemobrain."" Although the study has some limitations and successful interventions in animal models have often failed to translate into clinical practice, this noninvasive treatment modality has shown promise in preserving brain structure and function and could be tested in patients with cancer who are at risk of cognitive decline."
7018,brain tumour,38656635,Quality of life in Prolactinoma: A systematic review.,"Prolactinomas are common tumours that significantly reduce quality-of-life (QOL) due to sellar mass effect, secondary hypogonadism, and the peripheral effects of prolactin. Understanding the factors that influence QOL would provide insights into therapeutic targets to optimise patient outcomes and improve wellbeing in prolactinoma."
7019,brain tumour,38656347,Phase I trial of dose escalation for preoperative stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with large brain metastases.,Single-session stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or surgical resection alone for brain metastases larger than 2 cm results in unsatisfactory local control. We conducted a phase I trial for brain metastases(>2 cm) to determine the safety of preoperative SRS at escalating doses.
7020,brain tumour,38656254,Inhibition of signaling protein ERN1 increases the sensitivity of serine synthesis gene expressions to glucose and glutamine deprivations in U87MG glioblastoma cells.,
7021,brain tumour,38656126,"Increased Virtual Visits to Physicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Estimated Impact on Physician Compensation: The Case of Lung and Colorectal Cancers, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, and Heart Failure in Alberta, Canada.",
7022,brain tumour,38656092,How to standardize the diagnostic approach to pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.,"Pituitary tumors present heterogeneous biochemical, clinico-radiological, and histological features. Although histologically benign, a non-negligible number of cases present an unpredictable aggressive behavior with local invasiveness, partial/complete resistance to treatment and/or recurrence after surgery, and, rarely, metastasize, overall leading to a significant increase of morbidity, and, thus, requiring skilled multidisciplinary management in referral Centers. Histopathological diagnosis is essential to stratify cancer patient risk and uniform follow-up among Centers. Classification of pituitary neoplasia is continuously evolving in relation to the increased knowledge of mechanisms underlying adenohypophyseal cell tumorigenesis, and the attempts of combining clinico-radiological, biochemical, intraoperative, histological, and molecular elements, with the aim of identifying aggressive forms through. An integrated standardized histopathological report has been proposed in 2019 by the European Pituitary Pathology Group, based on the indications of the 2017 WHO classification of pituitary tumors. The last edition of the WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors and of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors brought substantial novelties: 1) the replacement of the term ""adenoma"" with ""Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor"" (PitNET), and of ""carcinoma"" with ""metastatic PitNET,"" and the consequent ICD-11 recoding from benign to malignant disease; and 2) the pivotal role of lineage restricted pituitary transcription factors for histological typing and subtyping. However, this approach does not reflect the spectrum of tumor phenotypes based on hormone secretion, nor include molecular features. Efforts of interdisciplinary groups of pituitary experts should be strongly encouraged to better understand factors involved in PitNETs evolution and, consequently, standardize diagnosis and reporting based on the most recent knowledges, essential to stratify cancer patient risk and uniform follow-up among centers."
7023,brain tumour,38655537,Evaluation of an ultrasound-guided freeze-core biopsy system for canine and feline brain tumors.,"To determine if a single brain biopsy utilizing a freeze-core needle harvest system Cassi II under ultrasound guidance provides a diagnostic sample; to evaluate the technique's efficacy in procuring diagnostic samples in comparison with ""open"" surgical biopsies; and to describe intraoperative complications associated with the technique."
7024,brain tumour,38655096,hsa-miR-34a-5p enhances temozolomide anti-tumoral effects on glioblastoma: in-silico and in-vitro study.,"Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is a commonly diagnosed brain neoplasm with a poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence has highlighted the significance of microRNA (miR) dysregulation in tumor development and progression. This study investigated the effect of hsa-miR-34a-5p and its combination with temozolomide on GBM, the related molecular mechanisms, and the signaling pathway using "
7025,brain tumour,38654579,Influence of arterial transit time delays on the differentiation between tumor progression and pseudoprogression in glioblastoma by arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging.,"Arterial spin labeling (ASL) and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have shown potential for differentiating tumor progression from pseudoprogression. For pseudocontinuous ASL with a single postlabeling delay, the presence of delayed arterial transit times (ATTs) could affect the evaluation of ASL-MRI perfusion data. In this study, the influence of ATT artifacts on the perfusion assessment and differentiation between tumor progression and pseudoprogression were studied. This study comprised 66 adult patients (mean age 60 ± 13 years; 40 males) with a histologically confirmed glioblastoma who received postoperative radio (chemo)therapy. ASL-MRI and DSC-MRI scans were acquired at 3 months postradiotherapy as part of the standard clinical routine. These scans were visually scored regarding (i) the severity of ATT artifacts (%) on the ASL-MRI scans only, scored by two neuroradiologists; (ii) perfusion of the enhancing tumor lesion; and (iii) radiological evaluation of tumor progression versus pseudoprogression by one neuroradiologist. The final outcome was based on combined clinical and radiological follow-up until 9 months postradiotherapy. ATT artifacts were identified in all patients based on the mean scores of two raters. A significant difference between the radiological evaluation of ASL-MRI and DSC-MRI was observed only for ASL images with moderate ATT severity (30%-65%). The perfusion assessment showed ASL-MRI tending more towards hyperperfusion than DSC-MRI in the case of moderate ATT artifacts. In addition, there was a significant difference between the prediction of tumor progression with ASL-MRI and the final outcome in the case of severe ATT artifacts (McNemar test, p = 0.041). Despite using ASL imaging parameters close to the recommended settings, ATT artifacts frequently occur in patients with treated brain tumors. Those artifacts could hinder the radiological evaluation of ASL-MRI data and the detection of true disease progression, potentially affecting treatment decisions for patients with glioblastoma."
7026,brain tumour,38654280,Expression of STAT3 and hypoxia markers in long-term surviving malignant glioma patients.,"Glioblastoma is a malignant and aggressive type of central nevous system malignancy characterized by many distinct biological features including extensive hypoxia. Hypoxia in glioblatoma associates with complex signaling patterns including activation of several pathways such as MAPK, PI3K-AKT/mTOR and IL-6/JAK/STAT3 with the master regulator HIF-1, which in turn drive particular tumor behaviors determining, in the end, treatment outcomes and patients fate. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the expression of selected hypoxia related factors including STAT3 in a small set of long-term surviving glioma patients."
7027,brain tumour,38654230,Fully endoscopic approach for resection of brainstem cavernous malformations: a systematic review of the literature.,"Brainstem cavernous malformations (BCMs) are benign lesions that typically have an acute onset and are associated with a high rate of morbidity. The selection of the optimal surgical approach is crucial for obtaining favorable outcomes, considering the different anatomical locations of various brainstem lesions. Endoscopic surgery is increasingly utilized in treating of BCMs, owing to its depth illumination and panoramic view capabilities. For intra-axial ventral BCMs, the best surgical options are endoscopic endonasal approaches, following the ""two-point method. For cavernous hemangiomas on the dorsal side of the brainstem, endoscopy proves valuable by providing enhanced visualization of the operative field and minimizing the need for brain retraction."
7028,brain tumour,38654128,Mesenchymal stem cells as therapeutic vehicles for glioma.,"Glioma is a disease with a poor prognosis despite the availability of multimodality treatments, and the development of novel therapies is urgently needed. Challenges in glioma treatment include the difficulty for drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier when administered systemically and poor drug diffusion when administered locally. Mesenchymal stem cells exhibit advantages for glioma therapy because of their ability to pass through the blood-brain barrier and migrate to tumor cells and their tolerance to the immune system. Therefore, mesenchymal stem cells have been explored as vehicles for various therapeutic agents for glioma treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells loaded with chemotherapeutic drugs show improved penetration and tumor accumulation. For gene therapy, mesenchymal stem cells can be used as vehicles for suicide genes, the so-called gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy. Mesenchymal stem cell-based oncolytic viral therapies have been attempted in recent years to enhance the efficacy of infection against the tumor, viral replication, and distribution of viral particles. Many uncertainties remain regarding the function and behavior of mesenchymal stem cells in gliomas. However, strategies to increase mesenchymal stem cell migration to gliomas may improve the delivery of therapeutic agents and enhance their anti-tumor effects, representing promising potential for patient treatment."
7029,brain tumour,38654040,RAPID resistance to BET inhibitors is mediated by FGFR1 in glioblastoma.,"Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins are therapeutic targets in several cancers including the most common malignant adult brain tumor glioblastoma (GBM). Multiple small molecule inhibitors of BET proteins have been utilized in preclinical and clinical studies. Unfortunately, BET inhibitors have not shown efficacy in clinical trials enrolling GBM patients. One possible reason for this may stem from resistance mechanisms that arise after prolonged treatment within a clinical setting. However, the mechanisms and timeframe of resistance to BET inhibitors in GBM is not known. To identify the temporal order of resistance mechanisms in GBM we performed quantitative proteomics using multiplex-inhibitor bead mass spectrometry and demonstrated that intrinsic resistance to BET inhibitors in GBM treatment occurs rapidly within hours and involves the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) protein. Additionally, small molecule inhibition of BET proteins and FGFR1 simultaneously induces synergy in reducing GBM tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Further, FGFR1 knockdown synergizes with BET inhibitor mediated reduction of GBM cell proliferation. Collectively, our studies suggest that co-targeting BET and FGFR1 may dampen resistance mechanisms to yield a clinical response in GBM."
7030,brain tumour,38654028,Simultaneous boost radiotherapy versus conventional dose radiotherapy for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a multi-institutional analysis.,"We compared survival outcomes of high-dose concomitant boost radiotherapy (HDCBRT) and conventional dose radiotherapy (CRT) for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GB). Patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy for newly diagnosed GB were included. In HDCBRT, specific targets received 69, 60, and 51 Gy in 30 fractions, while 60 Gy in 30 fractions was administered with a standard radiotherapy method in CRT. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared using the Log-rank test, followed by multivariate Cox analysis. The inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method was also applied to each analysis. Among 102 eligible patients, 45 received HDCBRT and 57 received CRT. With a median follow-up of 16 months, the median survival times of OS and PFS were 21 and 9 months, respectively. No significant differences were observed in OS or PFS in the Kaplan-Meier analyses. In the multivariate analysis, HDCBRT correlated with improved OS (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.90; P = 0.021), and this result remained consistent after IPTW adjustments (P = 0.028). Conversely, dose suppression due to the proximity of normal tissues and IMRT field correlated with worse OS and PFS (P = 0.008 and 0.049, respectively). A prospective study with a stricter protocol is warranted to validate the efficacy of HDCBRT for GB."
7031,brain tumour,38653957,Genomic landscape of glioblastoma without IDH somatic mutation in 42 cases: a comprehensive analysis using RNA sequencing data.,Glioblastoma is a malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis. Genetic mutations associated with this disease are complex are not fully understood and require further elucidation for the development of new treatments. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively analyze genetic mutations in glioblastomas and evaluate the usefulness of RNA sequencing.
7032,brain tumour,38653782,Clinical and imaging characteristics of supratentorial glioma with IDH2 mutation.,"The rarity of IDH2 mutations in supratentorial gliomas has led to gaps in understanding their radiological characteristics, potentially resulting in misdiagnosis based solely on negative IDH1 immunohistochemical staining. We aimed to investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of IDH2-mutant gliomas."
7033,brain tumour,38653702,TPM4 acts as a potential predictor for the response to PD-1/PD-L1-inhibitor therapy in patients with glioblastoma.,No abstract found
7034,brain tumour,38653567,Diffusion- and Perfusion-Weighted MRI Radiomics for Survival Prediction in Patients with Lower-Grade Gliomas.,"Lower-grade gliomas of histologic grades 2 and 3 follow heterogenous clinical outcomes, which necessitates risk stratification. This study aimed to evaluate whether diffusion-weighted and perfusion-weighted MRI radiomics allow overall survival (OS) prediction in patients with lower-grade gliomas and investigate its prognostic value."
7035,brain tumour,38653513,Remote neuropsychological assessment of patients with neurological disorders and injuries-a study protocol for a cross-sectional case-control validation study.,"There are great potential benefits of being able to conduct neuropsychological assessments remotely, especially for hard-to-reach or less mobile patient groups. Such tools need to be equivalent to standard tests done in the clinic and also easy to use in a variety of clinical populations."
7036,brain tumour,38653436,Molecular biology and novel therapeutics for IDH mutant gliomas: The new era of IDH inhibitors.,"Gliomas with Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation represent a discrete category of primary brain tumors with distinct and unique characteristics, behaviors, and clinical disease outcomes. IDH mutations lead to aberrant high-level production of the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG), which act as a competitive inhibitor of enzymes regulating epigenetics, signaling pathways, metabolism, and various other processes. This review summarizes the significance of IDH mutations, resulting upregulation of D-2HG and the associated molecular pathways in gliomagenesis. With the recent finding of clinically effective IDH inhibitors in these gliomas, this article offers a comprehensive overview of the new era of innovative therapeutic approaches based on mechanistic rationales, encompassing both completed and ongoing clinical trials targeting gliomas with IDH mutations."
7037,brain tumour,38653402,Recent advances of focused ultrasound induced blood-brain barrier opening for clinical applications of neurodegenerative diseases.,"With the aging population on the rise, neurodegenerative disorders have taken center stage as a significant health concern. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays an important role to maintain the stability of central nervous system, yet it poses a formidable obstacle to delivering drugs for neurodegenerative disease therapy. Various methods have been devised to confront this challenge, each carrying its own set of limitations. One particularly promising noninvasive approach involves the utilization of focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with contrast agents-microbubbles (MBs) to achieve transient and reversible BBB opening. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental mechanisms behind FUS/MBs-mediated BBB opening and spotlights recent breakthroughs in its application for neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, it addresses the current challenges and presents future perspectives in this field."
7038,brain tumour,38653236,Integrative spatial analysis reveals a multi-layered organization of glioblastoma.,"Glioma contains malignant cells in diverse states. Here, we combine spatial transcriptomics, spatial proteomics, and computational approaches to define glioma cellular states and uncover their organization. We find three prominent modes of organization. First, gliomas are composed of small local environments, each typically enriched with one major cellular state. Second, specific pairs of states preferentially reside in proximity across multiple scales. This pairing of states is consistent across tumors. Third, these pairwise interactions collectively define a global architecture composed of five layers. Hypoxia appears to drive the layers, as it is associated with a long-range organization that includes all cancer cell states. Accordingly, tumor regions distant from any hypoxic/necrotic foci and tumors that lack hypoxia such as low-grade IDH-mutant glioma are less organized. In summary, we provide a conceptual framework for the organization of cellular states in glioma, highlighting hypoxia as a long-range tissue organizer."
7039,brain tumour,38653089,Advances in glioblastoma multiforme: Integrating therapy and pathology perspectives.,"Glioblastoma, a highly lethal form of brain cancer, is characterized by its aggressive growth and resistance to conventional treatments, often resulting in limited survival. The response to therapy is notably influenced by various patient-specific genetic factors, underscoring the disease's complexity. Despite the utilization of diverse treatment modalities such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, many patients experience local relapse, emphasizing the critical need for improved therapeutic strategies to effectively target these formidable tumors. Recent years have witnessed a surge in interest in natural products derived from plants, particularly alkaloids, for their potential anticancer effects. Alkaloids have shown promise in cancer chemotherapy by selectively targeting crucial signaling pathways implicated in tumor progression and survival. Specifically, they modulate the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, resulting in reduced tumor growth and altered gene expression across various cancer types. Additionally, alkaloids exhibit the capacity to induce cell cycle arrest, further impeding tumor proliferation in several malignancies. This review aims to delineate recent advances in understanding the pathology of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and to explore the potential therapeutic implications of alkaloids in managing this deadly disease. By segregating discussions on GBM pathology from those on alkaloid-based therapies, we provide a structured overview of the current challenges in GBM treatment and the promising opportunities presented by alkaloid-based interventions. Furthermore, we briefly discuss potential future directions in GBM research and therapy beyond alkaloids, including emerging treatment modalities or areas of investigation that hold promise for improving patient outcomes. In conclusion, our efforts offer hope for enhanced outcomes and improved quality of life for GBM patients through alkaloid-based therapies. By integrating insights from pathology and therapeutic perspectives, we underscore the significance of a comprehensive approach in addressing this devastating disease."
7040,brain tumour,38653074,Catalase-templated nanozyme-loaded microneedles integrated with polymyxin B for immunoregulation and antibacterial activity in diabetic wounds.,"Diabetic wounds are characterized by chronic trauma, with long-term non-healing attributed to persistent inflammation and recurrent bacterial infections. Exacerbation of the inflammatory response is largely due to increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, catalase (CAT) was used as a biological template to synthesize nanozyme-supported natural enzymes (CAT-Mn(SH)"
7041,brain tumour,38652922,A non-midline unclassified glioneuronal tumor with H3K27M mutation enlarging the spectrum of CNS tumors H3K27ME3-altered.,No abstract found
7042,brain tumour,38652681,Engineered Cell Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles: New Strategies in Glioma Targeted Therapy and Immune Modulation.,"Gliomas, the most prevalent primary brain tumors, pose considerable challenges due to their heterogeneity, intricate tumor microenvironment (TME), and blood-brain barrier (BBB), which restrict the effectiveness of traditional treatments like surgery and chemotherapy. This review provides an overview of engineered cell membrane technologies in glioma therapy, with a specific emphasis on targeted drug delivery and modulation of the immune microenvironment. This study investigates the progress in engineered cell membranes, encompassing physical, chemical, and genetic alterations, to improve drug delivery across the BBB and effectively target gliomas. The examination focuses on the interaction of engineered cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (ECM-NPs) with the TME in gliomas, emphasizing their potential to modulate glioma cell behavior and TME to enhance therapeutic efficacy. The review further explores the involvement of ECM-NPs in immunomodulation techniques, highlighting their impact on immune reactions. While facing obstacles related to membrane stability and manufacturing scalability, the review outlines forthcoming research directions focused on enhancing membrane performance. This review underscores the promise of ECM-NPs in surpassing conventional therapeutic constraints, proposing novel approaches for efficacious glioma treatment."
7043,brain tumour,38652677,Classifying Glioma via Liquid Biopsy: Progress toward an Unmet Clinical Need.,"The diagnosis and classification of glioma by liquid biopsy represent a critical unmet need in neuro-oncology. A recent study demonstrates targeted next-generation sequencing of cell-free DNA from cerebrospinal fluid as an evolving option for liquid biopsy in patients with glioma. See related article by Iser et al., p. 2974."
7044,brain tumour,38652658,Multiplexed single-cell lineage tracing of mitotic kinesin inhibitor resistance in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly brain tumor, and the kinesin motor KIF11 is an attractive therapeutic target with roles in proliferation and invasion. Resistance to KIF11 inhibitors, which has mainly been studied in animal models, presents significant challenges. We use lineage-tracing barcodes and single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze resistance in patient-derived GBM neurospheres treated with ispinesib, a potent KIF11 inhibitor. Similar to GBM progression in patients, untreated cells lose their neural lineage identity and become mesenchymal, which is associated with poor prognosis. Conversely, cells subjected to long-term ispinesib treatment exhibit a proneural phenotype. We generate patient-derived xenografts and show that ispinesib-resistant cells form less aggressive tumors in vivo, even in the absence of drug. Moreover, treatment of human ex vivo GBM slices with ispinesib demonstrates phenotypic alignment with in vitro responses, underscoring the clinical relevance of our findings. Finally, using retrospective lineage tracing, we identify drugs that are synergistic with ispinesib."
7045,brain tumour,38652401,"Suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), a HDAC inhibitor, suppresses the effect of Treg cells by targeting the c-Myc/CCL1 pathway in glioma stem cells and improves PD-L1 blockade therapy.","A strong immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) represents the major barrier responsible for the failure of current immunotherapy approaches in treating Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Within the TME, the regulatory T cells (Tregs) exert immunosuppressive effects on CD8"
7046,brain tumour,38652400,Intraoperative radiotherapy combined with spinal stabilization surgery-a novel treatment strategy for spinal metastases based on a first single-center experiences.,"Current treatment of spinal metastases (SM) aims on preserving spinal stability, neurological status, and functional status as well as achieving local control. It consists of spinal surgery followed by radiotherapy and/or systemic treatment. Adjuvant therapy usually starts with a delay of a few weeks to prevent wound healing issues. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) has previously been successfully applied during brain tumor, breast and colorectal carcinoma surgery but not in SM, including unstable one, to date. In our case series, we describe the feasibility, morbidity and mortality of a novel treatment protocol for SM combining stabilization surgery with IORT."
7047,brain tumour,38652334,Analysis of trajectory changes and predictive factors of sense of coherence in patients after colorectal cancer surgery.,To investigate the trajectories and potential categories of changes in the sense of coherence (SOC) in patients after colorectal cancer surgery and to analyze predictive factors.
7048,brain tumour,38652330,Proposing a sphenoid bone quality score: a novel concept for transsphenoidal surgery.,"Transsphenoid surgery is a common procedure for removing pituitary and other sellar tumors. The quality and density of the sphenoid bone, which serves as the access route to the sellar region, can affect the surgical outcomes and complications. However, there is no standardized method to assess sphenoid bone quality. I propose a sphenoid bone quality score, based on criteria and parameters derived from preoperative imaging techniques. This score could provide information on the bone characteristics and challenges of each case, and help to select the optimal surgical approach, instruments, grafts, and measures. This score could also enable a consistent evaluation of the surgery and the outcomes, and facilitate the communication and collaboration among different medical disciplines."
7049,brain tumour,38652135,Real-Time Monitoring of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity with a Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe.,"Parkinson's disease (PD) represents the second most widespread neurodegenerative disease, and early monitoring and diagnosis are urgent at present. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is a key enzyme for producing dopamine, the levels of which can serve as an indicator for assessing the severity and progression of PD. This renders the specific detection and visualization of TH a strategically vital way to meet the above demands. However, a fluorescent probe for TH monitoring is still missing. Herein, three rationally designed wash-free ratiometric fluorescent probes were proposed. Among them, "
7050,brain tumour,38652130,A comment on 'An MRI radiomics approach to discriminate hemorrhage prone intracranial tumors before stereotactic biopsy'.,No abstract found
7051,brain tumour,38652095,Emerging cytokine delivery with nanomedicine for brain cancer treatment.,No abstract found
7052,brain tumour,38652035,Open-Top Patterned Hydrogel-Laden 3D Glioma Cell Cultures for Creation of Dynamic Chemotactic Gradients to Direct Cell Migration.,"The laminar flow profiles in microfluidic systems coupled to rapid diffusion at flow streamlines have been widely utilized to create well-controlled chemical gradients in cell cultures for spatially directing cell migration. However, within hydrogel-based closed microfluidic systems of limited depth (≤0.1 mm), the biomechanical cues for the cell culture are dominated by cell interactions with channel surfaces rather than with the hydrogel microenvironment. Also, leaching of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) constituents in closed systems and the adsorption of small molecules to PDMS alter chemotactic profiles. To address these limitations, we present the patterning and integration of a PDMS-free open fluidic system, wherein the cell-laden hydrogel directly adjoins longitudinal channels that are designed to create chemotactic gradients across the 3D culture width, while maintaining uniformity across its ∼1 mm depth to enhance cell-biomaterial interactions. This hydrogel-based open fluidic system is assessed for its ability to direct migration of U87 glioma cells using a hybrid hydrogel that includes hyaluronic acid (HA) to mimic the brain tumor microenvironment and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) to offer the adhesion motifs for promoting cell migration. Chemotactic gradients to induce cell migration across the hydrogel width are assessed using the chemokine CXCL12, and its inhibition by AMD3100 is validated. This open-top hydrogel-based fluidic system to deliver chemoattractant cues over square-centimeter-scale areas and millimeter-scale depths can potentially serve as a robust screening platform to assess emerging glioma models and chemotherapeutic agents to eradicate them."
7053,brain tumour,38651961,[Cancer-associated cachexia: an unresolved disease].,"Cachexia is a systemic wasting condition associated to advanced phases of many cancers, which contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. It is mainly characterized by involuntary weight loss due to muscle wasting often associated with loss of adipose tissue, possibly leading to inanition and death, without treatment to date. Symptomatology covers a complex array of disorders (fatigue, inflammation, pain, anorexia, depression) related to multisystemic impairments progressively affecting numerous organs and tissues (muscle, adipose tissue, brain, immune system, gastrointestinal tract). The mechanisms of induction and progression of the disease, still poorly understood, involve inflammatory, metabolic, and neuroendocrine drivers, triggered by a variety of mediators originating from tumor, tumor-host interactions, and inter-organ crosstalk."
7054,brain tumour,38651933,The diameter of cutaneous melanoma serves as a prognostic indicator for survival among acral-melanoma predominant East Asian patients.,"Tumor staging plays a pivotal role in melanoma management, where the depth of tumor invasion has been traditionally used as the cornerstone of staging. Paradoxically, the tumor diameter has not been integrated into the staging system. The aim of this study is to elucidate the clinical implications and prognostic value of tumor diameter in cutaneous melanoma, with a particular emphasis on the acral-melanoma predominant East Asian population, thus potentially enriching the clinical evaluation and treatment strategies for cutaneous melanoma."
7055,brain tumour,38651862,Modified Function-Preserving Endoscopic Endonasal Extracapsular Resection of a Large Orbital Apex Cavernous Hemangioma.,"Various invasive oculoplastic procedures are commonly utilized to control the rectus muscles and widen the surgical corridor through the endoscopic endonasal removal of large orbital apex cavernous hemangiomas (OACHs). They require additional transconjunctival incision, rectus muscle insertional retraction, or muscle deinsertion at the globe that might not be safe and lead to prolonged postoperative extraocular muscle dysfunction. In this article, the authors described a modified 3-handed extracapsular technique for the resection of a large OACH without an additional procedure for rectus muscle control. The aim is to achieve a safe gross total tumor removal while minimizing the procedure-related complications. An intraoperative video is included, along with a stepwise cadaveric dissection relevant to the approach."
7056,brain tumour,38651826,Mutant RAS-driven Secretome Causes Skeletal Muscle Defects in Breast Cancer.,"Cancer-induced skeletal muscle defects differ in severity between individuals with the same cancer type. Cancer subtype-specific genomic aberrations are suggested to mediate these differences, but experimental validation studies are very limited. We utilized three different breast cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models to correlate cancer subtype with skeletal muscle defects. PDXs were derived from brain metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), estrogen receptor-positive/progesterone receptor-positive (ER+/PR+) primary breast cancer from a BRCA2-mutation carrier, and pleural effusion from an ER+/PR- breast cancer. While impaired skeletal muscle function as measured through rotarod performance and reduced levels of circulating and/or skeletal muscle miR-486 were common across all three PDXs, only TNBC-derived PDX activated phospho-p38 in skeletal muscle. To further extend these results, we generated transformed variants of human primary breast epithelial cells from healthy donors using HRASG12V or PIK3CAH1047R mutant oncogenes. Mutations in RAS oncogene or its modulators are found in approximately 37% of metastatic breast cancers, which is often associated with skeletal muscle defects. Although cells transformed with both oncogenes generated adenocarcinomas in NSG mice, only HRASG12V-derived tumors caused skeletal muscle defects affecting rotarod performance, skeletal muscle contraction force, and miR-486, Pax7, pAKT, and p53 levels in skeletal muscle. Circulating levels of the chemokine CXCL1 were elevated only in animals with tumors containing HRASG12V mutation. Because RAS pathway aberrations are found in 19% of cancers, evaluating skeletal muscle defects in the context of genomic aberrations in cancers, particularly RAS pathway mutations, may accelerate development of therapeutic modalities to overcome cancer-induced systemic effects."
7057,brain tumour,38651817,The FKBP51s Splice Isoform Predicts Unfavorable Prognosis in Patients with Glioblastoma.,"The primary treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) is removing the tumor mass as defined by MRI. However, MRI has limited diagnostic and predictive value. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are abundant in GBM tumor microenvironment (TME) and are found in peripheral blood (PB). FKBP51 expression, with its canonical and spliced isoforms, is constitutive in immune cells and aberrant in GBM. Spliced FKBP51s supports M2 polarization. To find an immunologic signature that combined with MRI could advance in diagnosis, we immunophenotyped the macrophages of TME and PB from 37 patients with GBM using FKBP51s and classical M1-M2 markers. We also determined the tumor levels of FKBP51s, PD-L1, and HLA-DR. Tumors expressing FKBP51s showed an increase in various M2 phenotypes and regulatory T cells in PB, indicating immunosuppression. Tumors expressing FKBP51s also activated STAT3 and were associated with reduced survival. Correlative studies with MRI and tumor/macrophages cocultures allowed to interpret TAMs. Tumor volume correlated with M1 infiltration of TME. Cocultures with spheroids produced M1 polarization, suggesting that M1 macrophages may infiltrate alongside cancer stem cells. Cocultures of adherent cells developed the M2 phenotype CD163/FKBP51s expressing pSTAT6, a transcription factor enabling migration and invasion. In patients with recurrences, increased counts of CD163/FKBP51s monocyte/macrophages in PB correlated with callosal infiltration and were accompanied by a concomitant decrease in TME-infiltrating M1 macrophages. PB PD-L1/FKBP51s connoted necrotic tumors. In conclusion, FKBP51s identifies a GBM subtype that significantly impairs the immune system. Moreover, FKBP51s marks PB macrophages associated with MRI features of glioma malignancy that can aid in patient monitoring."
7058,brain tumour,38651663,How Did We Get Here? The Progression From Frame-Based to Frameless Intracranial Stereotactic Radiosurgery.,No abstract found
7059,brain tumour,38651569,Increased Prevalence of Germline Pathogenic CHEK2 Variants in Individuals With Pituitary Adenomas.,"CHEK2 is a cell cycle checkpoint regulator gene with a long-established role as a clinically relevant, moderate risk breast cancer predisposition gene, with greater risk ascribed to truncating variants than missense variants."
7060,brain tumour,38651530,An injectable fluorescent and iodinated hydrogel for preoperative localization and dual image-guided surgery of pulmonary nodules.,"The widespread use of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has triggered the rapid expansion in the field of computed tomography (CT)-guided preoperative localization and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence image-guided surgery. However, its broader application has been hindered by the absence of ideal imaging contrasts that are biocompatible, minimally invasive, highly resolvable, and perfectly localized within the diseased tissue. To achieve this goal, we synthesize a dextran-based fluorescent and iodinated hydrogel, which can be injected into the tissue and imaged with both CT and NIR fluorescence modalities. By finely tuning the physical parameters such as gelation time and composition of iodinated oil (X-ray contrast agent) and indocyanine green (ICG, NIR fluorescence dye), we optimize the hydrogel for prolonged localization at the injected site without losing the dual-imaging capability. We validate the effectiveness of the developed injectable dual-imaging platform by performing image-guided resection of pulmonary nodules on tumor-bearing rabbits, which are preoperatively localized with the hydrogel. The injectable dual-imaging marker, therefore, can emerge as a powerful tool for surgical guidance."
7061,brain tumour,38651495,Discovery of Novel Dual Inhibitors Targeting Mutant IDH1 and NAMPT for the Treatment of Glioma with IDH1Mutation.,"The targeting of cancer cell intrinsic metabolism has emerged as a promising strategy for antitumor intervention. In the study, we identified the first-in-class small molecules that effectively inhibit both mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (mIDH1) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), two crucial targets in cancer metabolism, through structure-based drug design. Notably, compound "
7062,brain tumour,38651254,Dual-Targeted Novel Temozolomide Nanocapsules Encapsulating siPKM2 Inhibit Aerobic Glycolysis to Sensitize Glioblastoma to Chemotherapy.,"Chemotherapy of glioblastoma (GBM) has not yielded success due to inefficient blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration and poor glioma tissue accumulation. Aerobic glycolysis, as the main mode of energy supply for GBM, safeguards the rapid growth of GBM while affecting the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, to effectively inhibit aerobic glycolysis, increase drug delivery efficiency and sensitivity, a novel temozolomide (TMZ) nanocapsule (ApoE-MT/siPKM2 NC) is successfully designed and prepared for the combined delivery of pyruvate kinase M2 siRNA (siPKM2) and TMZ. This drug delivery platform uses siPKM2 as the inner core and methacrylate-TMZ (MT) as the shell component to achieve inhibition of glioma energy metabolism while enhancing the killing effect of TMZ. By modifying apolipoprotein E (ApoE), dual targeting of the BBB and GBM is achieved in a ""two birds with one stone"" style. The glutathione (GSH) responsive crosslinker containing disulfide bonds ensures ""directional blasting"" cleavage of the nanocapsules to release MT and siPKM2 in the high GSH environment of glioma cells. In addition, in vivo experiments verify that ApoE-MT/siPKM2 NC has good targeting ability and prolongs the survival of tumor-bearing nude mice. In summary, this drug delivery system provides a new strategy for metabolic therapy sensitization chemotherapy."
7063,brain tumour,38651101,A review of clinical use of surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based biosensing for glioma.,"Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the nervous system in recent centuries, and the incidence rate of glioma is increasing year by year. Its invasive growth and malignant biological behaviors make it one of the most challenging malignant tumors. Maximizing the resection range (EOR) while minimizing the impact on normal brain tissue is crucial for patient prognosis. Changes in metabolites produced by tumor cells and their microenvironments might be important indicators. As a powerful spectroscopic technique, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has many advantages, including ultra-high sensitivity, high specificity, and non-invasive features, which allow SERS technology to be widely applied in biomedicine, especially in the differential diagnosis of malignant tumor tissues. This review first introduced the clinical use of responsive SERS probes. Next, the sensing mechanisms of microenvironment-responsive SERS probes were summarized. Finally, the biomedical applications of these responsive SERS probes were listed in four sections, detecting tumor boundaries due to the changes of pH-responsive SERS probes, SERS probes to guide tumor resection, SERS for liquid biopsy to achieve early diagnosis of tumors, and the application of free-label SERS technology to detect fresh glioma specimens. Finally, the challenges and prospects of responsive SERS detections were summarized for clinical use."
7064,brain tumour,38650777,An Atypical Presentation of Acoustic Neuroma With Facial Paresthesia: A Case Report.,"Acoustic neuromas are benign neoplasms of the brain composed of Schwann cells, arising most commonly from the nerve sheath of the vestibular division of the VIII cranial nerve. They usually manifest as unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus, and unsteadiness. Some patients may present atypically with symptoms like orofacial pain, hemifacial numbness, sudden onset hearing loss, or trigeminal neuralgia. Here we report an interesting case of acoustic neuroma in which the patient presented with unilateral facial numbness and tooth pain. Persistent atypical symptoms should always raise clinical suspicion of this pathology, necessitating the need for higher radiological investigations (CT or MRI) to aid in the early diagnosis and treatment."
7065,brain tumour,38650741,Investigating Causal Genetic Effects on Overall Survival of Glioblastoma Patients using Normalizing Flow and Structural Causal Model.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain tumor with short overall survival (OS) of about 15 months. Understanding the causal factors affecting the patient survival is crucial for disease prognosis and treatment planning. Although previous efforts on survival prediction using multi-omics data has yielded useful predictive models, the causation of the correlated genetic risk factors has not been addressed. Recent advances in causal deep learning models enable the study of causality from complex dataset. In this paper, we leverage the recently proposed structural causal model (SCM) with normalizing flows parameterized by deep networks to perform the counterfactual query to investigate the causal relationship between gene mutation and OS with the presence of other confounders including sex, age and radiomics features. The query amounts to the question that what the survival days will be if the gene mutation status has been changed, i.e., from mutant to non-mutant and vice versa. The trained causal model will infer the counterfactual outcome given the intervention on specific gene mutation. We apply multivariate Cox-PH model to find the genes associated with survival, and investigate the causal genetic effect by comparing the original and counterfactual survival days in a bi-directional fashion. Particularly, the following two scenarios are considered: (1) intervention on a specific gene with non-mutant status to generate the counterfactual survival days as if the gene is mutant, with which the original survival days of the subjects with that mutant gene will be compared; (2) intervention on the gene with mutant status and perform the comparison with survival days of subjects with that non-mutant gene. Our experimental results show that no causation of two correlated genes (NF1, RB1) was revealed in the cohort (n=181), while their genetic effects on OS in terms of prolonging or shortening are generally in accordance with clinical findings."
7066,brain tumour,38650572,Evaluating the Predictive Value of a Coagulation-Related Gene Model in Glioma.,To evaluate coagulation related gene model as a biomarker for predicting prognosis of gliomas.
7067,brain tumour,38650567,Relationship Between Brain Tumors and Intracranial Aneurysms: A Systematic Review.,To investigate the possible relationship between intracranial aneurysms and brain neoplasms.
7068,brain tumour,38650560,Non-Detection of HCMV Total Genomic DNA in Human Glioma Cells Genome.,"To demonstrate if the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genome, that is involved in the pathogenesis of gliomas, is part of the genomic DNA of glioma cells or not."
7069,brain tumour,38650477,Radiomics for predicting MGMT status in cerebral glioblastoma: comparison of different MRI sequences.,"Using radiomics to predict O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation status in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma and compare the performances of different MRI sequences. Preoperative MRI scans from 215 patients were included in this retrospective study. After image preprocessing and feature extraction, two kinds of machine-learning models were established and compared for their performances. One kind was established using all MRI sequences (T1-weighted image, T2-weighted image, contrast enhancement, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, DWI_b_high, DWI_b_low and apparent diffusion coefficient), and the other kind was based on single MRI sequence as listed above. For the machine-learning model based on all sequences, a total of seven radiomic features were selected with the Maximum Relevance and Minimum Redundancy algorithm. The predictive accuracy was 0.993 and 0.750 in the training and validation sets, respectively, and the area under curves were 1.000 and 0.754 in the two sets, respectively. For the machine-learning model based on single sequence, the numbers of selected features were 8, 10, 10, 13, 9, 7 and 6 for T1-weighted image, T2-weighted image, contrast enhancement, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, DWI_b_high, DWI_b_low and apparent diffusion coefficient, respectively, with predictive accuracies of 0.797-1.000 and 0.583-0.694 in the training and validation sets, respectively, and the area under curves of 0.874-1.000 and 0.538-0.697 in the two sets, respectively. Specifically, T1-weighted image-based model performed best, while contrast enhancement-based model performed worst in the independent validation set. The machine-learning models based on seven different single MRI sequences performed differently in predicting O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase status in glioblastoma, while the machine-learning model based on the combination of all sequences performed best."
7070,brain tumour,38650429,Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity in the Acute Phase Post-Brain Tumour Surgery of Glioblastoma Multiforme.,No abstract found
7071,brain tumour,38650146,Lactoferrin mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transformation by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to inhibit nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis.,"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor of the head and neck. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a major player in regulating NPC transfer. There is increasing evidence that lactotransferrin (LTF) is an important regulator of EMT conversion. However, the potential role and mechanisms of LTF in regulating NPC cell EMT remain unclear. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‒PCR) and Western blotting were applied to measure the expression of LTF in NPC cells. Subsequently, the influences of LTF on the proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells were verified by functional acquisition experiments. Finally, Western blotting was used to analyze the effects of EMT-related proteins and phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian rapamycin target (mTOR) signaling pathways. The data of this study indicate that LTF was underexpressed in human NPC cells, and upregulation of LTF could restrain NPC cell proliferation, invasion, migration and EMT transformation. Moreover, the effects of LTF on NPC cell metastasis and EMT are partly determined by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This study suggests that LTF is a potential biomarker of NPC and that LTF-mediated EMT progression plays a tumor-suppressive role in the progression of NPC metastasis."
7072,brain tumour,38650143,Identification of core genes of craniopharyngioma angiogenesis based on single-cell nuclear transcriptome sequencing.,"This study aimed to explore the core genes of craniopharyngioma angiogenesis for targeted vascular therapy based on single-cell nuclear transcriptome sequencing. For single-cell nuclear transcriptome sequencing, we collected six samples from the tumor center and adjacent hypothalamic tumor tissues from three patients with craniopharyngioma, as well as four normal brain tissues based on Gene Expression Omnibus. We screened genes with differential up-regulation between vascular endothelial cells of craniopharyngioma and those of normal brain tissues, performed GO and KEGG analysis, constructed the protein-protein interaction network, and selected key genes verified using immunofluorescence. After data cleaning and quality control, 623 craniopharyngioma endothelial cells and 439 healthy brain endothelial cells were obtained. Compared with normal brain endothelial cells, craniopharyngioma endothelial cells were screened for 394 differentially up-expressed genes (DEGs). GO and KEGG results showed that DEGs probably modulated endothelial cells, adherens junction, focal adhesion, migration, actin cytoskeleton, and invasion via the PI3K-AKT, Rap1, Ras, Wnt, and Hippo pathways. The core genes screened were CTNNB1, PTK2, ITGB1, STAT3, FYN, HIF1A, VCL, SMAD3, PECAM1, FOS, and CDH5. This study obtained possible anti-angiogenic genes in craniopharyngioma. Our results shed novel insights into molecular mechanisms and craniopharyngioma treatment."
7073,brain tumour,38650040,"Clinical, pathologic, and genomic characteristics of two pediatric glioneuronal tumors with a CLIP2::MET fusion.","Integration of molecular data with histologic, radiologic, and clinical features is imperative for accurate diagnosis of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNAseq), a genome-wide and non-targeted approach, allows for the detection of novel or rare oncogenic fusion events that contribute to the tumorigenesis of a substantial portion of pediatric low- and high-grade glial and glioneuronal tumors. We present two cases of pediatric glioneuronal tumors occurring in the occipital region with a CLIP2::MET fusion detected by RNAseq. Chromosomal microarray studies revealed copy number alterations involving chromosomes 1, 7, and 22 in both tumors, with Case 2 having an interstitial deletion breakpoint in the CLIP2 gene. By methylation profiling, neither tumor had a match result, but both clustered with the low-grade glial/glioneuronal tumors in the UMAP. Histologically, in both instances, our cases displayed characteristics of a low-grade tumor, notably the absence of mitotic activity, low Ki-67 labeling index and the lack of necrosis and microvascular proliferation. Glial and neuronal markers were positive for both tumors. Clinically, both patients achieved clinical stability post-tumor resection and remain under regular surveillance imaging without adjuvant therapy at the last follow-up, 6 months and 3 years, respectively. This is the first case report demonstrating the presence of a CLIP2::MET fusion in two pediatric low-grade glioneuronal tumors (GNT). Conservative clinical management may be considered for patients with GNT and CLIP2:MET fusion in the context of histologically low-grade features."
7074,brain tumour,38650010,Spatial transcriptomics reveals segregation of tumor cell states in glioblastoma and marked immunosuppression within the perinecrotic niche.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) remains an untreatable malignant tumor with poor patient outcomes, characterized by palisading necrosis and microvascular proliferation. While single-cell technology made it possible to characterize different lineage of glioma cells into neural progenitor-like (NPC-like), oligodendrocyte-progenitor-like (OPC-like), astrocyte-like (AC-like) and mesenchymal like (MES-like) states, it does not capture the spatial localization of these tumor cell states. Spatial transcriptomics empowers the study of the spatial organization of different cell types and tumor cell states and allows for the selection of regions of interest to investigate region-specific and cell-type-specific pathways. Here, we obtained paired 10x Chromium single-nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) and 10x Visium spatial transcriptomics data from three GBM patients to interrogate the GBM microenvironment. Integration of the snRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics data reveals patterns of segregation of tumor cell states. For instance, OPC-like tumor and NPC-like tumor significantly segregate in two of the three samples. Our differentially expressed gene and pathway analyses uncovered significant pathways in functionally relevant niches. Specifically, perinecrotic regions were more immunosuppressive than the endogenous GBM microenvironment, and perivascular regions were more pro-inflammatory. Our gradient analysis suggests that OPC-like tumor cells tend to reside in areas closer to the tumor vasculature compared to tumor necrosis, which may reflect increased oxygen requirements for OPC-like cells. In summary, we characterized the localization of cell types and tumor cell states, the gene expression patterns, and pathways in different niches within the GBM microenvironment. Our results provide further evidence of the segregation of tumor cell states and highlight the immunosuppressive nature of the necrotic and perinecrotic niches in GBM."
7075,brain tumour,38649630,"Immunotherapy for Brain Tumors: Where We Have Been, and Where Do We Go From Here?","Immunotherapy for glioblastoma (GBM) remains an intensive area of investigation. Given the seismic impact of cancer immunotherapy across a range of malignancies, there is optimism that harnessing the power of immunity will influence GBM as well. However, despite several phase 3 studies, there are still no FDA-approved immunotherapies for GBM. Importantly, the field has learned a great deal from the randomized studies to date. Today, we are continuing to better understand the disease-specific features of the microenvironment in GBM-as well as the exploitable antigenic characteristic of the tumor cells themselves-that are informing the next generation of immune-based therapeutic strategies. The coming phase of next-generation immunotherapies is thus poised to bring us closer to treatments that will improve the lives of patients with GBM."
7076,brain tumour,38649515,Imaging manifestations of papillary glioneuronal tumors.,"To analyse the imaging findings of papillary glioneuronal tumors (PGNTs), in order to improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of this tumor. The clinical and imaging manifestations of 36 cases of PGNT confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 17 males and 19 females, averaging 22.47 (± 11.23) years. Initial symptoms included epilepsy in ten, headache in seven, and others in 19 cases. 97.2% (35/36) of the lesions were located in the supratentorial area, and 80.5% (29/36) in the intraventricular or deep white matter adjacent to the lateral ventricles. Twenty-four of the lesions (66.7%) were mixed cystic and solid, four (11.1%) were cystic with mural nodules, four (11.1%) were cystic, and four (11.1%) were solid. Four cases of PGNT of cystic imaging showed a ""T2-FLAIR mismatch"" sign. 69.4% (25/36) had septations. Nine lesions (25%) were accompanied by edema, and 9 (25%) of the mixed cystic and solid lesions were accompanied by hemorrhage. Among the 18 patients who underwent computed tomography (CT) or susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), nine had lesions with calcification. PGNTs mostly manifest as cystic mass with mural nodules or mixed cystic and solid mass in the white matter around the supratentorial ventricle, and the cystic part of the lesion is mostly accompanied by septations. Pure cystic lesions may exhibit the sign of ""T2-FLAIR mismatch"". PGNT is rarely accompanied by edema but sometimes by calcification and hemorrhage. Patients often present with seizures, headaches, and mass effect symptoms."
7077,brain tumour,38649484,Dosimetric comparison of advanced radiation techniques for scalp-sparing in low-grade gliomas.,"Alopecia causes significant distress for patients and negatively impacts quality of life for low-grade glioma (LGG) patients. We aimed to compare and evaluate variations in dose distribution for scalp-sparing in LGG patients with proton therapy and photon therapy, namely intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and helical tomotherapy (HT)."
7078,brain tumour,38649470,Complications and visual outcomes following surgical resection of pediatric optic pathway/hypothalamic gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Pediatric optic pathway/hypothalamic gliomas (OPHG) pose challenges in treatment due to their location and proximity to vital structures. Surgical resection plays a key role in the management of OPHG especially when the tumor exhibits mass effect and causes symptoms. However, data regarding outcomes and complications of surgical resection for OPHG remains heterogenous. The authors performed a systematic review on pediatric OPHG in four databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. We included studies that reported on the visual outcomes and complications of OPHG resection. A meta-analysis was performed and reported per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. A total of 26 retrospective studies were included. Seven hundred ninety-seven pediatric patients with OPHG undergoing surgical resection were examined. A diagnosis of NF1 was confirmed in 9.7%. Gross total resection was achieved in 36.7%. Intraorbital optic pathway gliomas showed a significantly higher gross total resection rate compared to those located in the chiasmatic/hypothalamic region (75.8% vs. 9.6%). Postoperatively, visual acuity improved in 24.6%, remained unchanged in 68.2%, and worsened in 18.2%. Complications included hydrocephalus (35.4%), anterior pituitary dysfunction (19.6%), and transient diabetes insipidus (29%). Tumor progression post-resection occurred in 12.8%, through a mean follow-up of 53.5 months. Surgical resection remains an essential strategy for treating symptomatic and large pediatric OPHG and can result in favorable vision outcomes in most patients. Careful patient selection is critical. Patients should be monitored for hydrocephalus development postoperatively and followed up to assess for tumor progression and adjuvant treatment necessity."
7079,brain tumour,38649241,Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma in a child with a prior normal neonatal brain MRI.,No abstract found
7080,brain tumour,38649211,Analysis of mechanism of core points in acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for epilepsy based on data mining.,"To explore the mechanism of core points in acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for epilepsy by using data mining technique, so as to provide a reference for clinical practice and experimental research."
7081,brain tumour,38648995,Systematic review of the efficacy of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for oligoprogressive disease in metastatic cancer.,"Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) for the treatment of oligometastatic disease can improve survival and delay the requirement for systemic therapy. The benefits of SABR in oligoprogressive disease are less well-defined. Here, we evaluate the available evidence investigating the efficacy of SABR in the treatment of oligoprogressive disease."
7082,brain tumour,38648987,Single is not combined: The role of Co and Ni bioavailability on toxicity mechanisms in liver and brain cells.,"The two trace elements cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) are widely distributed in the environment due to the increasing industrial application, for example in lithium-ion batteries. Both metals are known to cause detrimental health impacts to humans when overexposed and both are supposed to be a risk factor for various diseases. The individual toxicity of Co and Ni has been partially investigated, however the underlying mechanisms, as well as the interactions of both remain unknown. In this study, we focused on the treatment of liver carcinoma (HepG2) and astrocytoma (CCF-STTG1) cells as a model for the target sites of these two metals. We investigated their effects in single and combined exposure on cell survival, cell death mechanisms, bioavailability, and the induction of oxidative stress. The combination of CoCl"
7083,brain tumour,38648790,2-Hydroxyglutarate as an MR spectroscopic predictor of an IDH mutation in gliomas.,The mutated enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2 has been detected in various tumor entities such as gliomas and can convert α-ketoglutarate into the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). This neuro-oncologically significant metabolic product can be detected by MR spectroscopy and is therefore suitable for noninvasive glioma classification and therapy monitoring.This paper provides an up-to-date overview of the methodology and relevance of 
7084,brain tumour,38648787,Patient-specific temperature distribution prediction in laser interstitial thermal therapy: single-irradiation data-driven method.,Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is popular for treating brain tumours and epilepsy. The strict control of tissue thermal damage extent is crucial for LITT. Temperature prediction is useful for predicting thermal damage extent. Accurately predicting
7085,brain tumour,38647690,A comparison study of dynamic [,To investigate and compare the dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with [
7086,brain tumour,38647660,Diagnostic support in pediatric craniopharyngioma using deep learning.,"We studied a pediatric group of patients with sellar-suprasellar tumors, aiming to develop a convolutional deep learning algorithm for radiological assistance to classify them into their respective cohort."
7087,brain tumour,38647646,Screening and surveillance recommendations for central nervous system hemangioblastomas in pediatric patients with Von Hippel-Lindau disease.,"Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal-dominantly inherited tumor predisposition syndrome. One of the most common tumors are central nervous system (CNS) hemangioblastomas. Recommendations on the initiation and continuation of the screening and surveillance program for CNS tumors in pediatric VHL patients are based on small case series and thus low evidence level. To derive more robust screening recommendations, we report on the largest monocentric pediatric cohort of VHL patients."
7088,brain tumour,38647548,Systemic inflammation and delirium during critical illness.,The purpose of this study was to determine associations between markers of inflammation and endogenous anticoagulant activity with delirium and coma during critical illness.
7089,brain tumour,38647396,Multifunctional Fluoropolymer-Engineered Magnetic Nanoparticles to Facilitate Blood-Brain Barrier Penetration and Effective Gene Silencing in Medulloblastoma.,"Patients with brain cancers including medulloblastoma lack treatments that are effective long-term and without side effects. In this study, a multifunctional fluoropolymer-engineered iron oxide nanoparticle gene-therapeutic platform is presented to overcome these challenges. The fluoropolymers are designed and synthesized to incorporate various properties including robust anchoring moieties for efficient surface coating, cationic components to facilitate short interference RNA (siRNA) binding, and a fluorinated tail to ensure stability in serum. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) tailored system demonstrates enhanced BBB penetration, facilitates delivery of functionally active siRNA to medulloblastoma cells, and delivers a significant, almost complete block in protein expression within an in vitro extracellular acidic environment (pH 6.7) - as favored by most cancer cells. In vivo, it effectively crosses an intact BBB, provides contrast for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and delivers siRNA capable of slowing tumor growth without causing signs of toxicity - meaning it possesses a safe theranostic function. The pioneering methodology applied shows significant promise in the advancement of brain and tumor microenvironment-focused MRI-siRNA theranostics for the better treatment and diagnosis of medulloblastoma."
7090,brain tumour,38647219,A robust genetic algorithm-based optimal feature predictor model for brain tumour classification from MRI data.,"Brain tumour can be cured if it is initially screened and given timely treatment to the patients. This proposed idea suggests a transform- and windowing-based optimization strategy for exposing and segmenting the tumour region in brain pictures. The processes of image processing that are included in the proposed idea include preprocessing, transformation, feature extraction, feature optimization, classification, and segmentation. In order to convert the pixels connected to the spatial domain into a multi-resolution domain, the Gabor transform is first applied to the brain test image. The Gabor converted brain image is then used to extract the parameters of the multi-level features. After that, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the extracted features, and Neuro Fuzzy System (NFS) is used to classify the optimistic prominent section. Finally, the tumour region in brain images is found and segmented using the normalized segmentation algorithm. The effective detection and classification of brain tumours by the characteristics of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy are described by the suggested GA-based NFS classification approach. The trial findings are displayed with an average of 99.37% sensitivity, 98.9% specificity, 99.21% accuracy, 97.8% PPV, 91.8% NPV, 96.8% FPR, and 90.4% FNR."
7091,brain tumour,38647023,Survival prediction in patients with gynecological cancer irradiated for brain metastases.,"This large population-based, retrospective, single-center study aimed to identify prognostic factors in patients with brain metastases (BM) from gynecological cancers."
7092,brain tumour,38647018,Ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles with MRgFUS for enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of orthotopic glioblastoma.,Ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles (USIO NPs) are expected to become the next generation 
7093,brain tumour,38646982,Standard therapy or additionally radioactive iodine (131I) therapy; which will stop the recurrence of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)?,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain tumour. The average survival time for a patient diagnosed with GBM, using standard treatment methods, is several months. Authors of the article pose a direct question: Is it possible to treat GBM solely with radioactive iodine (¹³¹I) therapy without employing the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene? After all, NIS has been detected not only in the thyroid but also in various tumours. The main author of this article (A.C.), with the assistance of her colleagues (physicians and pharmacologists), underwent ¹³¹I therapy after prior iodine inhibition, resulting in approximately 30% reduction in tumour size as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Classical therapy for GBM encompasses neurosurgery, conventional radiotherapy, and chemotherapy (e.g. temozolomide). Currently, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib, sunitinib, and sorafenib) are being used. Additionally, novel drugs such as crizotinib, entrectinib, or larotrectinib are being applied. Recently, personalised multimodal immunotherapy (IMI) based on anti-tumour vaccines derived from oncolytic viruses has been developed, concomitant with the advancement of cellular and molecular immunology. Thus, ¹³¹I therapy has been successfully employed for the first time in the case of GBM recurrence."
7094,brain tumour,38646913,Comparison of patient-reported outcomes and clinical characteristics among patients with pituitary macroadenomas and giant adenomas.,"Patients with giant adenomas are more likely to have tumor extension into the paranasal sinuses. Compared to macroadenomas, giant adenomas are not associated with worse preoperative SNOT-22 scores."
7095,brain tumour,38646850,The causal relationship between atopic dermatitis and brain cancer: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.,"Atopic dermatitis ranks among the prevalent skin disorders. Research has indicated a potential association with brain cancer. Yet, establishing a direct causal relationship between atopic dermatitis and brain cancer continues to be challenging."
7096,brain tumour,38646739,Predictors of Subjective Olfactory Dysfunction and Sinonasal Quality-of-Life After Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery.,This is the largest study in North America investigating olfactory outcomes after pituitary surgery to date.
7097,brain tumour,38646654,The HSP90 inhibitor HVH-2930 exhibits potent efficacy against trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer.,
7098,brain tumour,38646145,Molecular diversity in isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild-type glioblastoma.,"In the dynamic landscape of glioblastoma, the 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System tumours endeavoured to establish biological homogeneity, yet isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild-type (IDH-wt) glioblastoma persists as a tapestry of clinical and molecular diversity. Intertumoural heterogeneity in IDH-wt glioblastoma presents a formidable challenge in treatment strategies. Recent strides in genetics and molecular biology have enhanced diagnostic precision, revealing distinct subtypes and invasive patterns that influence survival in patients with IDH-wt glioblastoma. Genetic and molecular biomarkers, such as the overexpression of neurofibromin 1, phosphatase and tensin homolog and/or cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, along with specific immune cell abundance and neurotransmitters, correlate with favourable outcomes. Conversely, increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha and/or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, coupled with the prevalence of glioma stem cells, tumour-associated myeloid cells, regulatory T cells and exhausted effector cells, signifies an unfavourable prognosis. The methylation status of O"
7099,brain tumour,38645864,[Fully Automatic Glioma Segmentation Algorithm of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based on 3D-UNet With More Global Contextual Feature Extraction: An Improvement on Insufficient Extraction of Global Features].,"The fully automatic segmentation of glioma and its subregions is fundamental for computer-aided clinical diagnosis of tumors. In the segmentation process of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), convolutional neural networks with small convolutional kernels can only capture local features and are ineffective at integrating global features, which narrows the receptive field and leads to insufficient segmentation accuracy. This study aims to use dilated convolution to address the problem of inadequate global feature extraction in 3D-UNet."
7100,brain tumour,38645854,[Construction and Validation of Prediction Models of Risk Factors for Early Death in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma].,To construct nomogram models to predict the risk factors for early death in patients with metastatic melanoma (MM).
7101,brain tumour,38645509,Diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage following ventriculo-peritoneal shunt insertion for acute obstructive hydrocephalus from large glomus jugulare tumor: case report.,"Glomus jugulare tumors (GJTs) are rare intra-cranial tumors. Commonly, these lesions present with cranial nerve palsies, headaches, and hydrocephalus. Rarely, GJTs present with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, there has never been a report of diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage following ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion in a patient who developed hydrocephalus secondary to any brain tumor in general or glomus jugulare tumors in particular."
7102,brain tumour,38645431,Metabolic and inflammatory parameters in relation to baseline characterization and treatment outcome in patients with prolactinoma: insights from a retrospective cohort study at a single tertiary center.,"Prolactinomas (PRLs) are prevalent pituitary adenomas associated with metabolic changes and increased cardiovascular morbidity. This study examined clinical, endocrine, metabolic, and inflammatory profiles in PRL patients, aiming to identify potential prognostic markers."
7103,brain tumour,38645202,Multi-pronged analysis of pediatric low-grade glioma reveals a unique tumor microenvironment associated with BRAF alterations.,"Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) comprise 35% of all brain tumors. Despite favorable survival, patients experience significant morbidity from disease and treatments. A deeper understanding of pLGG biology is essential to identify novel, more effective, and less toxic therapies. We utilized single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), spatial transcriptomics, and cytokine analyses to characterize and understand tumor and immune cell heterogeneity across pLGG. scRNA-seq revealed tumor and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor cell subsets revealed a developmental hierarchy with progenitor and mature cell populations. Immune cells included myeloid and lymphocytic cells. There was a significant difference between the prevalence of two major myeloid subclusters between pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) and ganglioglioma (GG). Bulk and single-cell cytokine analyses evaluated the immune cell signaling cascade with distinct immune phenotypes among tumor samples. "
7104,brain tumour,38645117,"A tale of two tumors: differential, but detrimental, effects of glioblastoma extracellular vesicles (EVs) on normal human brain cells.","Glioblastomas (GBMs) are dreadful brain tumors with abysmal survival outcomes. GBM EVs dramatically affect normal brain cells (largely astrocytes) constituting the tumor microenvironment (TME). EVs from different patient-derived GBM spheroids induced differential transcriptomic, secretomic, and proteomic effects on cultured astrocytes/brain tissue slices as GBM EV recipients. The net outcome of brain cell differential changes nonetheless converges on increased tumorigenicity. GBM spheroids and brain slices were derived from neurosurgical patient tissues following informed consent. Astrocytes were commercially obtained. EVs were isolated from conditioned culture media by ultrafiltration, ultraconcentration, and ultracentrifugation. EVs were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, electron microscopy, biochemical markers, and proteomics. Astrocytes/brain tissues were treated with GBM EVs before downstream analyses. EVs from different GBMs induced brain cells to alter secretomes with pro-inflammatory or TME-modifying (proteolytic) effects. Astrocyte responses ranged from anti-viral gene/protein expression and cytokine release to altered extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) signaling pathways, and conditioned media from EV-treated cells increased GBM cell proliferation. Thus, astrocytes/brain slices treated with different GBM EVs underwent non-identical changes in various 'omics readouts and other assays, indicating ""personalized"" tumor-specific GBM EV effects on the TME. This raises concern regarding reliance on ""model"" systems as a sole basis for translational direction. Nonetheless, net downstream impacts from differential cellular and TME effects still led to increased tumorigenic capacities for the different GBMs."
7105,brain tumour,38644820,Neuroprotective effects of takinib on an experimental traumatic brain injury rat model via inhibition of transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1.,"Transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) plays a significant role in controlling several signaling pathways involved with regulating inflammation and apoptosis. As such, it represents an important potential target for developing treatments for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Takinib, a small molecule and selective TAK1 inhibitor, has potent anti-inflammatory activity and has shown promising activity in preclinical studies using rat models to evaluate the potential neuroprotective impact on TBI. The current study used a modified Feeney's weight-drop model to cause TBI in mature Sprague-Dawley male rats. At 30 min post-induction of TBI in the rats, they received an intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Takinib followed by assessment of their histopathology and behavior. The results of this study demonstrated how Takinib suppressed TBI progression in the rats by decreasing TAK1, "
7106,brain tumour,38644751,The role of apparent diffusion coefficient in the grading of adult isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant astrocytomas: relationship with the Ki-67 proliferation index.,The grading of adult isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant astrocytomas is a crucial prognostic factor.
7107,brain tumour,38644627,Metachronous Brain Tumors: Supratentorial Ependymoma Following Polymorphous Low-Grade Neuroepithelial Tumor of the Young.,No abstract found
7108,brain tumour,38644620,DGAT2 Plays a Crucial Role to Control ESRRA-PROX1 Transcriptional Network to Maintain Hepatic Mitochondrial Sustainability.,"Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) synthesizes triacylglycerol (TG) from diacylglycerol; therefore, DGAT2 is considered as a therapeutic target for steatosis. However, the consequence of inhibiting DGAT2 is not fully investigated due to side effects including lethality and lipotoxicity. In this article, we observed the role of DGAT2 in hepatocarcinoma."
7109,brain tumour,38644609,"Two siblings with Fanconi anemia (FANCQ, ERCC4/XPF) presenting with tumor-mimicking lesions in the brain and acute neurological deterioration.","The complementation Q group (FANCQ) subtype of Fanconi anemia (FA) caused by the ERCC4/XPF mutation is very rare. Two siblings, aged 13 and 10 with Fanconi phenotypic features, presented with right hemiparesis and focal-onset seizures. In both cases, cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed mass-like lesions accompanied by peripheral edema and calcification. In one case, oral steroid treatment and surgical excision were performed, while in the other case, the cranial lesion regressed just with steroid treatment and without surgery. Both siblings remained wheelchair-bound due to neurological dysfunction. One case died due to hepatocellular carcinoma. ERCC4/XPF gene mutation was detected in both siblings."
7110,brain tumour,38644606,Late-onset lymphopenia during radiation is associated with an increased risk of tumor recurrence in newly diagnosed pediatric medulloblastoma.,"Recent data found a correlation between lymphopenia occurring early during craniospinal radiation therapy (RT) and risk of disease recurrence in newly diagnosed childhood medulloblastoma. However, the population included patients who received chemotherapy prior to or during RT. Here, we investigate the effect of lymphopenia during RT in patients with newly diagnosed pediatric medulloblastoma who were chemotherapy-naïve."
7111,brain tumour,38644565,Radiotherapy plus temozolomide with or without anlotinib in H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma: A retrospective cohort study.,"Besides the hallmark of H3K27M mutation, aberrant amplifications of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are commonly observed in diffuse midline glioma (DMG), a highly malignant brain tumor with dismal prognosis. Here, we intended to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a multitarget RTK inhibitor anlotinib in patients with H3K27M-DMG."
7112,brain tumour,38644551,USP19 regulates DNA methylation damage repair and confers temozolomide resistance through MGMT stabilization.,To elucidate the relationship between USP19 and O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) after temozolomide treatment in glioblastoma (GBM) patients with chemotherapy resistance.
7113,brain tumour,38644544,Adjuvant radiotherapy versus observation after gross total resection of WHO grade II ependymoma: a systematic review and individual-participant data meta-analysis.,"The role of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) after gross total resection (GTR) of the World Health Organization (WHO) grade II ependymoma is controversial. Therefore, we aimed to compare the outcomes of adjuvant RT against observation after GTR of WHO grade II ependymoma. We also compared the outcomes of adjuvant RT against observation after subtotal resection (STR) of WHO grade II ependymoma and performed further subgroup analysis by age and tumor location."
7114,brain tumour,38644473,PROTAC EZH2 degrader-1 overcomes the resistance of podophyllotoxin derivatives in refractory small cell lung cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis.,"Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly detrimental occurrence associated with severe neurological disorders, lacking effective treatment currently. Proteolysis-targeting chimeric molecules (PROTACs) may provide new therapeutic avenues for treatment of podophyllotoxin derivatives-resistant SCLC with LM, warranting further exploration."
7115,brain tumour,38644464,Impact of concurrent antibody-drug conjugates and radiotherapy on symptomatic radiation necrosis in breast cancer patients with brain metastases: a multicenter retrospective study.,We aimed to investigate the impact of concurrent antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) and radiotherapy on symptomatic radiation necrosis (SRN) in breast cancer patients with brain metastases (BM).
7116,brain tumour,38644431,Imaging findings of children with PTEN-related hamartoma tumor syndrome: a 20-year multicentric pediatric cohort.,"PTEN-related hamartoma tumor syndrome results from a mutation in the PTEN gene located at 10q23.31. This syndrome represents a spectrum of different phenotypes of variable expressions, now recognized as part of the same condition. Patients with this mutation have an increased risk of developing a wide range of findings, including malignancies. Although widely described in adults, there are no large series describing the imaging findings in patients before adulthood. Knowledge of the findings seen in children and adolescents with PTEN-related hamartoma tumor syndrome can help guide further management and improve surveillance recommendations."
7117,brain tumour,38644430,Radio-anatomical evaluation of clinical and radiomic profile of multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging of de novo glioblastoma multiforme.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal, fast-growing, and aggressive brain tumor arising from glial cells or their progenitors. It is a primary malignancy with a poor prognosis. The current study aims at evaluating the neuroradiological parameters of de novo GBM by analyzing the brain multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) scans acquired from a publicly available database analysis of the scans."
7118,brain tumour,38644385,Cylinder tumor surgery in pediatric low-grade gliomas.,"Periventricular pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) present a surgical challenge due to their deep-seated location, accessibility, and relationship with the subcortical network connections. Minimally invasive parafascicular approaches with tubular brain retractors (port brain surgery) have emerged, in recent years, as an alternative to conventional microsurgical and endoscopic approaches for removal of periventricular tumors."
7119,brain tumour,38644315,[A Case of Five Years Recurrence-Free Survival after Successful Multidisciplinary Treatment for Simultaneous Brain Metastasis and Heterochronic Small Intestinal Metastasis from Lung Cancer].,"The patient was a 54-year-old male at the time of initial examination. He was aware of numbness and weakness in the left hemisphere of his body and came to see the hospital. He was diagnosed with brain metastasis of lung cancer and started treatment(cT2N0M1[Brain]). He underwent gamma knife for the head lesion and nivolumab for the lung lesion. The patient's lesions shrank with the success of the medical treatment, but recurred with small intestinal metastasis. He underwent a partial resection of the small intestine and was treated again with nivolumab, which resulted in a complete response. He is currently alive without recurrence. We have experienced a very rare case of recurrence-free survival after treatment for brain metastasis and small intestinal metastasis of lung cancer."
7120,brain tumour,38644291,"[Analysis of the safety, accuracy, and factors influencing bleeding complications in CT-guided puncture biopsy of brain occupying lesions].",
7121,brain tumour,38644087,RE: Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle Sparing in Head and Neck Radiotherapy.,No abstract found
7122,brain tumour,38644001,"[Better assessment, better care: Quetci, a questionnaire for assessing cognitive disorders in nursing practice].","Cognitive disorders can have significant repercussions on the quality of care and daily life for patients. We have developed a new tool specifically designed for nursing practice to identify these problems in patients with brain tumors. The Cognitive Impairment Assessment Questionnaire for nursing practice is an objective, quick and easy-to-administer tool that is readily accepted by patients."
7123,brain tumour,38643837,E2F1-regulated USP5 contributes to the tumorigenic capacity of glioma stem cells through the maintenance of OCT4 stability.,"Mesenchymal glioma stem cells (MES GSCs) are a subpopulation of cells in glioblastoma (GBM) that contribute to a worse prognosis owing to their highly aggressive nature and resistance to radiation therapy. Here, OCT4 is characterized as a critical factor in sustaining the stemness phenotype of MES GSC. We find that OCT4 is expressed intensively in MES GSC and is intimately associated with poor prognosis, moreover, OCT4 depletion leads to diminished invasive capacity and impairment of the stem phenotype in MES GSC. Subsequently, we demonstrated that USP5 is a deubiquitinating enzyme which directly interacts with OCT4 and preserves OCT4 stability through its deubiquitination. USP5 was additionally proven to be aberrantly over-expressed in MES GSCs, and its depletion resulted in a noticeable diminution of OCT4 and consequently a reduced self-renewal and tumorigenic capacity of MES GSCs, which can be substantially restored by ectopic expression of OCT4. In addition, we detected the dominant molecule that regulates USP5 transcription, E2F1, with dual luciferase reporter gene analysis. In combination, targeting the E2F1-USP5-OCT4 axis is a potentially emerging strategy for the therapy of GBM."
7124,brain tumour,38643763,Transcriptomic Profiling of Lactotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors via RNA Sequencing and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis.,"Lactotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are common pituitary tumors, but their underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the transcriptomic landscape of lactotroph PitNETs and identify potential molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets through RNA sequencing and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA)."
7125,brain tumour,38643545,919 granules improve postpartum depression through the regulation of abnormal peripheral blood IL-1β.,"Postpartum depression (PPD) has a significant impact on the physical and mental health of mothers, potentially leading to symptoms such as low mood, fatigue, and decreased appetite. It may also affect the healthy growth of the infant. The onset of PPD is closely related to abnormalities in inflammation and the immune system. PPD patients exhibit abnormalities in the proportion of peripheral blood immune cells, along with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood can disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by activating astrocytes and reducing transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), allowing peripheral immune cells or cytokines to enter the brain and trigger inflammation, ultimately leading to the onset of depression. In addition, PPD lacks safe and effective treatment medications. In this study, we collected peripheral blood from both healthy postpartum women and those with PPD, conducted single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and used an in-house analytical tool scSTAR to reveal that PPD patients exhibit elevated proportions of peripheral blood cDC2 and Proliferation B cells, which are significantly correlated with IL-1β. Additionally, animal experiments were designed to validate that 919 granules can improve PPD by modulating the levels of peripheral blood IL-1β, providing a potential therapeutic mechanism for PPD treatment."
7126,brain tumour,38643339,Tumour-associated myeloid cells expressing IL-10R2/IL-22R1 as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and recurrence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.,"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor survival rate, largely due to the lack of early diagnosis. Although myeloid cells are crucial in the tumour microenvironment, whether their specific subset can be a biomarker of PDAC progression is unclear."
7127,brain tumour,38643291,"FastMRI Prostate: A public, biparametric MRI dataset to advance machine learning for prostate cancer imaging.","Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has experienced remarkable advancements in the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) for image acquisition and reconstruction. The availability of raw k-space data is crucial for training AI models in such tasks, but public MRI datasets are mostly restricted to DICOM images only. To address this limitation, the fastMRI initiative released brain and knee k-space datasets, which have since seen vigorous use. In May 2023, fastMRI was expanded to include biparametric (T2- and diffusion-weighted) prostate MRI data from a clinical population. Biparametric MRI plays a vital role in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. Advances in imaging methods, such as reconstructing under-sampled data from accelerated acquisitions, can improve cost-effectiveness and accessibility of prostate MRI. Raw k-space data, reconstructed images and slice, volume and exam level annotations for likelihood of prostate cancer are provided in this dataset for 47468 slices corresponding to 1560 volumes from 312 patients. This dataset facilitates AI and algorithm development for prostate image reconstruction, with the ultimate goal of enhancing prostate cancer diagnosis."
7128,brain tumour,38642835,Single-Center Experience of Resection of 120 Cases of Intradural Spinal Tumors.,"Our study presents a single-center experience of resection of intradural spinal tumors either with or without using intraoperative computed tomography-based registration and microscope-based augmented reality (AR). Microscope-based AR was recently described for improved orientation in the operative field in spine surgery, using superimposed images of segmented structures of interest in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional mode."
7129,brain tumour,38642825,Effect of metformin in hypothalamic astrocytes from an immunocompromised mice model.,"Astrocytes are glial cells that play key roles in neuroinflammation, which is a common feature in diabetic encephalopathy and aging process. Metformin is an antidiabetic compound that shows neuroprotective properties, including in inflammatory models, but astroglial signaling pathways involved are still poorly known. Interferons α/β are cytokines that participate in antiviral responses and the lack of their signaling increases susceptible to viral infections. Here, we investigated the effects of metformin on astrocytes from hypothalamus, a crucial brain region related to inflammatory processes. Astrocyte cultures were derived from interferon α/β receptor knockout (IFNα/βR"
7130,brain tumour,38642608,Site-specific mutagenesis screening in KRAS,KRAS plays a crucial role in regulating cell survival and proliferation and is one of the most commonly mutated oncogenes in human cancers. The novel KRAS
7131,brain tumour,38642582,A challenging case of a pituitary macroadenoma and toxic thyroid adenoma with inappropriate TSH secretion.,"Thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas (TSHomas) are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all pituitary adenomas. We present a case of hyperthyroidism secondary to a likely TSHoma and coexisting functional thyroid adenoma. Laboratory errors and familial abnormalities in thyroid function tests were ruled out, and a diagnosis of the toxic thyroid adenoma was confirmed on a thyroid uptake scan. However, the triiodothyronine suppression test was contraindicated due to the patient's cardiovascular disease, and the thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test, measurement of glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit, and genetic testing were unavailable. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a suprasellar pituitary macroadenoma measuring 40 mm × 20.3 mm × 17 mm. The patient was initiated on carbimazole; however, thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroxine levels remained elevated. The patient declined trans-sphenoidal surgery and was treated with radioactive iodine to manage the toxic thyroid adenoma, leading to reduced thyroxine levels and symptom improvement. Unfortunately, the patient passed away before long-acting somatostatin analogs became available. This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges involved in managing thyrotoxicosis with dual etiology."
7132,brain tumour,38642502,Meningioma achieves malignancy and erastin-induced ferroptosis resistance through FOXM1-AURKA-NRF2 axis.,"The oncogene Aurora kinase A (AURKA) has been implicated in various tumor, yet its role in meningioma remains unexplored. Recent studies have suggested a potential link between AURKA and ferroptosis, although the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study presented evidence of AURKA upregulation in high grade meningioma and its ability to enhance malignant characteristics. We identified AURKA as a suppressor of erastin-induced ferroptosis in meningioma. Mechanistically, AURKA directly interacted with and phosphorylated kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), thereby activating nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (NFE2L2/NRF2) and target genes transcription. Additionally, forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) facilitated the transcription of AURKA. Suppression of AURKA, in conjunction with erastin, yields significant enhancements in the prognosis of a murine model of meningioma. Our study elucidates an unidentified mechanism by which AURKA governs ferroptosis, and strongly suggests that the combination of AURKA inhibition and ferroptosis-inducing agents could potentially provide therapeutic benefits for meningioma treatment."
7133,brain tumour,38642482,Predictive value of Blink reflex and facial corticobulbar motor evoked potential in cerebellopontine angle tumor surgery.,The current study examined the efficacy of the facial corticobulbar motor evoked potentials (FCoMEPs) and blink reflex (BR) on predicting postoperative facial nerve function during cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor surgery.
7134,brain tumour,38642434,Targeting the tumor microenvironment in primary central nervous system lymphoma: Implications for prognosis.,"Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and there is limited research on its tumor microenvironment (TME). Nevertheless, more and more studies have evidence that TME has essential effects on tumor cell proliferation, immune escape, and drug resistance. Thus, it is critical to elucidate the role of TME in PCNSL. The understanding of the PCNSL TME is gradually unfolding, including factors that distinguish it from systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The TME in PCNSL exhibits both transcriptional and spatial intratumor heterogeneity. Cellular interactions between tumor cells and stroma cells reveal immune evasion signaling. The comparative analysis between PCNSL and DLBCL suggests that PCNSL is more likely to be an immunologically deficient tumor. In PCNSL, T cell exhaustion and downregulation of macrophage immune function are accompanied by suppressive microenvironmental factors such as M2 polarized macrophages, endothelin B receptor, HLA depletion, PD-L1, and TIM-3. MMP-9, Integrin-β1, and ICAM-1/LFA-1 play crucial roles in transendothelial migration towards the CNS, while CXCL13/CXCR5, CD44, MAG, and IL-8 are essential for brain parenchymal invasion. Further, macrophages, YKL-40, CD31, CD105, PD-1/PD-L1 axis, osteopontin, galectin-3, aggregative perivascular tumor cells, and HLA deletion may contribute to poor outcomes in patients with PCNSL. This article reviews the effect of various components of TME on the progression and prognosis of PCNSL patients to identify novel therapeutic targets."
7135,brain tumour,38642113,Radiomic- and dosiomic-based clustering development for radio-induced neurotoxicity in pediatric medulloblastoma.,"Texture analysis extracts many quantitative image features, offering a valuable, cost-effective, and non-invasive approach for individual medicine. Furthermore, multimodal machine learning could have a large impact for precision medicine, as texture biomarkers can underlie tissue microstructure. This study aims to investigate imaging-based biomarkers of radio-induced neurotoxicity in pediatric patients with metastatic medulloblastoma, using radiomic and dosiomic analysis."
7136,brain tumour,38642111,Central nervous system embryonal tumor with PLAGL1 amplification: a case report of a novel entity focusing on imaging findings.,"The embryonal central nervous system (CNS) tumor with PLAGL1 (pleomorphic adenoma gene-like) amplification is a novel type of pediatric neoplasm with a distinct methylation profile, described for the first time in 2022. It may be located anywhere in the neuroaxis and, as its name implies, it is driven by the amplification and overexpression of one of the PLAG family genes. Although the associated clinical, immunohistopathological, and molecular characteristics are well characterized in the seminal report of this entity, data on the radiological features is still lacking. Here, we present a case report of a 4-year-old girl with a biopsy-proven PLAGL1-amplified brainstem tumor and provide a detailed description of the corresponding conventional neuroimaging characteristics, aiming to better delineate this entity and to increase the awareness of this pathology in the radiological community."
7137,brain tumour,38642107,Whole brain morphologic features improve the predictive accuracy of IDH status and VEGF expression levels in gliomas.,"Glioma is a systemic disease that can induce micro and macro alternations of whole brain. Isocitrate dehydrogenase and vascular endothelial growth factor are proven prognostic markers and antiangiogenic therapy targets in glioma. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of whole brain morphologic features and radiomics to predict isocitrate dehydrogenase status and vascular endothelial growth factor expression levels. This study recruited 80 glioma patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype and high vascular endothelial growth factor expression levels, and 102 patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation and low vascular endothelial growth factor expression levels. Virtual brain grafting, combined with Freesurfer, was used to compute morphologic features including cortical thickness, LGI, and subcortical volume in glioma patient. Radiomics features were extracted from multiregional tumor. Pycaret was used to construct the machine learning pipeline. Among the radiomics models, the whole tumor model achieved the best performance (accuracy 0.80, Area Under the Curve 0.86), while, after incorporating whole brain morphologic features, the model had a superior predictive performance (accuracy 0.82, Area Under the Curve 0.88). The features contributed most in predicting model including the right caudate volume, left middle temporal cortical thickness, first-order statistics, shape, and gray-level cooccurrence matrix. Pycaret, based on morphologic features, combined with radiomics, yielded highest accuracy in predicting isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation and vascular endothelial growth factor levels, indicating that morphologic abnormalities induced by glioma were associated with tumor biology."
7138,brain tumour,38641945,Multi-omics technologies and molecular biomarkers in brain tumor-related epilepsy.,"Brain tumors are one of the leading causes of epilepsy, and brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE) is recognized as the major cause of intractable epilepsy, resulting in huge treatment cost and burden to patients, their families, and society. Although optimal treatment regimens are available, the majority of patients with BTRE show poor resolution of symptoms. BTRE has a very complex and multifactorial etiology, which includes several influencing factors such as genetic and molecular biomarkers. Advances in multi-omics technologies have enabled to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms and related biomarkers of BTRE. Here, we reviewed multi-omics technology-based research studies on BTRE published in the last few decades and discussed the present status, development, opportunities, challenges, and prospects in treating BTRE."
7139,brain tumour,38641764,Letter to the editor: natural history and neuro-oncological approach in spinal gangliogliomas: a systematic review.,No abstract found
7140,brain tumour,38641744,Demographic bias in misdiagnosis by computational pathology models.,"Despite increasing numbers of regulatory approvals, deep learning-based computational pathology systems often overlook the impact of demographic factors on performance, potentially leading to biases. This concern is all the more important as computational pathology has leveraged large public datasets that underrepresent certain demographic groups. Using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the EBRAINS brain tumor atlas, as well as internal patient data, we show that whole-slide image classification models display marked performance disparities across different demographic groups when used to subtype breast and lung carcinomas and to predict IDH1 mutations in gliomas. For example, when using common modeling approaches, we observed performance gaps (in area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) between white and Black patients of 3.0% for breast cancer subtyping, 10.9% for lung cancer subtyping and 16.0% for IDH1 mutation prediction in gliomas. We found that richer feature representations obtained from self-supervised vision foundation models reduce performance variations between groups. These representations provide improvements upon weaker models even when those weaker models are combined with state-of-the-art bias mitigation strategies and modeling choices. Nevertheless, self-supervised vision foundation models do not fully eliminate these discrepancies, highlighting the continuing need for bias mitigation efforts in computational pathology. Finally, we demonstrate that our results extend to other demographic factors beyond patient race. Given these findings, we encourage regulatory and policy agencies to integrate demographic-stratified evaluation into their assessment guidelines."
7141,brain tumour,38641710,Synthetic cationic helical polypeptides for the stimulation of antitumour innate immune pathways in antigen-presenting cells.,"Intracellular DNA sensors regulate innate immunity and can provide a bridge to adaptive immunogenicity. However, the activation of the sensors in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by natural agonists such as double-stranded DNAs or cyclic nucleotides is impeded by poor intracellular delivery, serum stability, enzymatic degradation and rapid systemic clearance. Here we show that the hydrophobicity, electrostatic charge and secondary conformation of helical polypeptides can be optimized to stimulate innate immune pathways via endoplasmic reticulum stress in APCs. One of the three polypeptides that we engineered activated two major intracellular DNA-sensing pathways (cGAS-STING (for cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes) and Toll-like receptor 9) preferentially in APCs by promoting the release of mitochondrial DNA, which led to the efficient priming of effector T cells. In syngeneic mouse models of locally advanced and metastatic breast cancers, the polypeptides led to potent DNA-sensor-mediated antitumour responses when intravenously given as monotherapy or with immune checkpoint inhibitors. The activation of multiple innate immune pathways via engineered cationic polypeptides may offer therapeutic advantages in the generation of antitumour immune responses."
7142,brain tumour,38641464,The molecular biology of sporadic acromegaly.,"GH-secreting tumors represent 15 % to 20 % of all pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (pitNETs), of which 95 % occur in a sporadic context, without an identifiable inherited cause. Recent multi-omic approaches have characterized the epigenomic, genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and kynomic landscape of pituitary tumors. Transcriptomic analysis has allowed us to discover specific transcription factors driving the differentiation of pituitary tumors and gene expression patterns. GH-secreting, along with PRL- and TSH-secreting pitNETs are driven by POU1F1; ACTH-secreting tumors are determined by TBX19; and non-functioning tumors, which are predominantly of gonadotrope differentiation are conditioned by NR5A1. Upregulation of certain miRNAs, such as miR-107, is associated with tumor progression, while downregulation of others, like miR-15a and miR-16-1, correlates with tumor size reduction. Additionally, miRNA expression profiles are linked to treatment resistance and clinical outcomes, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets. Specific somatic mutations in GNAS, PTTG1, GIPR, HGMA2, MAST and somatic variants associated with cAMP, calcium signaling, and ATP pathways have also been associated with the development of acromegaly. This review focuses on the oncogenic mechanisms by which sporadic acromegaly can develop, covering a complex series of molecular alterations that ultimately alter the balance between proliferation and apoptosis, and dysregulated hormonal secretion."
7143,brain tumour,38641261,Predictive factors for radiation-induced pituitary damage in pediatric patients with brain tumors.,"Multiple studies demonstrated hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in survivors of pediatric brain tumors. However, few studies investigated the trajectories of pituitary height in these patients and their associations with pituitary function. We aimed to evaluate longitudinal changes of pituitary height in children and adolescents with brain tumors, and their association with endocrine deficiencies."
7144,brain tumour,38641243,Tumor or Demyelination? Three Tumefactive Multiple Sclerosis Case Reports and Literature Review.,To investigate the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumefactive multiple sclerosis (TMS).
7145,brain tumour,38641241,Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Refractory or Relapsing Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review.,"Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive lymphoma that primarily affects the central nervous system. Current treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and whole-brain radiotherapy, often fail to achieve satisfactory results. The prognosis for patients with refractory or relapsed (R/R) PCNSL is bleak. The optimal treatment for refractory or relapsed PCNSL is poorly defined due to a limited number of studies in this setting. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, as part of targeted therapy regimens, have undergone testing in several clinical trials against PCNSL and have shown promising results in the treatment of R/R PCNSL. In this meta-analysis, we aim to explore and critically appraise the evidence regarding the efficacy of BTK inhibitors in the treatment of refractory or relapsed PCNSL."
7146,brain tumour,38641234,Salvage Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Recurrent WHO Grade 2 and 3 Meningiomas: A Multicenter Study (STORM).,"The role of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the management of grade 2 and 3 meningiomas is not well elucidated. Unfortunately, local recurrence rates are high, and guidelines for management of recurrent disease are lacking. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted STORM (Salvage Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Recurrent WHO Grade 2 and 3 Meningiomas), a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients treated with primary SRS for recurrent grade 2 and 3 meningiomas."
7147,brain tumour,38640981,"STAT1 mediated downregulation of the tumor suppressor gene PDCD4, is driven by the atypical cadherin FAT1, in glioblastoma.","STAT1 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1), belongs to the STAT protein family, essential for cytokine signaling. It has been reported to have either context dependent oncogenic or tumor suppressor roles in different tumors. Earlier, we demonstrated that Glioblastoma multiforme (GBMs) overexpressing FAT1, an atypical cadherin, had poorer outcomes. Overexpressed FAT1 promotes pro-tumorigenic inflammation, migration/invasion by downregulating tumor suppressor gene, PDCD4. Here, we demonstrate that STAT1 is a novel mediator downstream to FAT1, in downregulating PDCD4 in GBMs. In-silico analysis of GBM databases as well as q-PCR analysis in resected GBM tumors showed positive correlation between STAT1 and FAT1 mRNA levels. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed poorer survival of GBM patients having high FAT1 and STAT1 expression. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of FAT1 decreased STAT1 and increased PDCD4 expression in glioblastoma cells (LN229 and U87MG). Knockdown of STAT1 alone resulted in increased PDCD4 expression. In silico analysis of the PDCD4 promoter revealed four putative STAT1 binding sites (Site1-Site4). ChIP assay confirmed the binding of STAT1 to site1. ChIP-PCR revealed decrease in the binding of STAT1 on the PDCD4 promoter after FAT1 knockdown. Site directed mutagenesis of Site1 resulted in increased PDCD4 luciferase activity, substantiating STAT1 mediated PDCD4 inhibition. EMSA confirmed STAT1 binding to the Site 1 sequence. STAT1 knockdown led to decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and EMT markers, and reduced migration/invasion of GBM cells. This study therefore identifies STAT1 as a novel downstream mediator of FAT1, promoting pro-tumorigenic activity in GBM, by suppressing PDCD4 expression."
7148,brain tumour,38640932,Identification of hypoxic macrophages in glioblastoma with therapeutic potential for vasculature normalization.,"Monocyte-derived tumor-associated macrophages (Mo-TAMs) intensively infiltrate diffuse gliomas with remarkable heterogeneity. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we chart a spatially resolved transcriptional landscape of Mo-TAMs across 51 patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild-type glioblastomas or IDH-mutant gliomas. We characterize a Mo-TAM subset that is localized to the peri-necrotic niche and skewed by hypoxic niche cues to acquire a hypoxia response signature. Hypoxia-TAM destabilizes endothelial adherens junctions by activating adrenomedullin paracrine signaling, thereby stimulating a hyperpermeable neovasculature that hampers drug delivery in glioblastoma xenografts. Accordingly, genetic ablation or pharmacological blockade of adrenomedullin produced by Hypoxia-TAM restores vascular integrity, improves intratumoral concentration of the anti-tumor agent dabrafenib, and achieves combinatorial therapeutic benefits. Increased proportion of Hypoxia-TAM or adrenomedullin expression is predictive of tumor vessel hyperpermeability and a worse prognosis of glioblastoma. Our findings highlight Mo-TAM diversity and spatial niche-steered Mo-TAM reprogramming in diffuse gliomas and indicate potential therapeutics targeting Hypoxia-TAM to normalize tumor vasculature."
7149,brain tumour,38640930,25-Hydroxycholesterol regulates lysosome AMP kinase activation and metabolic reprogramming to educate immunosuppressive macrophages.,"Macrophages are critical to turn noninflamed ""cold tumors"" into inflamed ""hot tumors"". Emerging evidence indicates abnormal cholesterol metabolites in the tumor microenvironment (TME) with unclear function. Here, we uncovered the inducible expression of cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (Ch25h) by interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) via the transcription factor STAT6, causing 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC) accumulation. scRNA-seq analysis confirmed that CH25H"
7150,brain tumour,38640876,Glioblastoma mechanobiology at multiple length scales.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a primary brain cancer, is one of the most aggressive forms of human cancer, with a very low patient survival rate. A characteristic feature of GBM is the diffuse infiltration of tumor cells into the surrounding brain extracellular matrix (ECM) that provide biophysical, topographical, and biochemical cues. In particular, ECM stiffness and composition is known to play a key role in controlling various GBM cell behaviors including proliferation, migration, invasion, as well as the stem-like state and response to chemotherapies. In this review, we discuss the mechanical characteristics of the GBM microenvironment at multiple length scales, and how biomaterial scaffolds such as polymeric hydrogels, and fibers, as well as microfluidic chip-based platforms have been employed as tissue mimetic models to study GBM mechanobiology. We also highlight how such tissue mimetic models can impact the field of GBM mechanobiology."
7151,brain tumour,38640859,Hydroethanolic extract of Cirsium setidens ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by AMPK-PGC-1α-SOD-mediated mitochondrial protection.,"Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anticancer agent. However, the clinical outcomes of DOX-based therapies are severely hampered by their significant cardiotoxicity."
7152,brain tumour,38640858,Ginsenoside Rg5 inhibits glioblastoma by activating ferroptosis via NR3C1/HSPB1/NCOA4.,"The utilization of Chinese medicine as an adjunctive therapy for cancer has recently gained significant attention. Ferroptosis, a newly regulated cell death process depending on the ferrous ions, has been proved to be participated in glioma stem cells inactivation."
7153,brain tumour,38640786,Aurora kinase A inhibition plus Tumor Treating Fields suppress glioma cell proliferation in a cilium-independent manner.,"Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) extend the survival of glioblastoma (GBM) patients by interfering with a broad range of tumor cellular processes. Among these, TTFields disrupt primary cilia stability on GBM cells. Here we asked if concomitant treatment of TTFields with other agents that interfere with GBM ciliogenesis further suppress GBM cell proliferation in vitro. Aurora kinase A (AURKA) promotes both cilia disassembly and GBM growth. Inhibitors of AURKA, such as Alisertib, inhibit cilia disassembly and increase ciliary frequency in various cell types. However, we found that Alisertib treatment significantly reduced GBM cilia frequency in gliomaspheres across multiple patient derived cell lines, and in patient biopsies treated ex vivo. This effect appeared glioma cell-specific as it did not reduce normal neuronal or glial cilia frequencies. Alisertib-mediated depletion of glioma cilia appears specific to AURKA and not AURKB inhibition, and attributable in part to autophagy pathway activation. Treatment of two different GBM patient-derived cell lines with TTFields and Alisertib resulted in a significant reduction in cell proliferation compared to either treatment alone. However, this effect was not cilia-dependent as the combined treatment reduced proliferation in cilia-depleted cell lines lacking, ARL13B, or U87MG cells which are naturally devoid of ARL13B"
7154,brain tumour,38640464,Evaluating the relationship between magnetic resonance image quality metrics and deep learning-based segmentation accuracy of brain tumors.,"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are known to suffer from a variety of acquisition artifacts as well as equipment-based variations that impact image appearance and segmentation performance. It is still unclear whether a direct relationship exists between magnetic resonance (MR) image quality metrics (IQMs) (e.g., signal-to-noise, contrast-to-noise) and segmentation accuracy."
7155,brain tumour,38640267,Bioinformatics-based discovery of biomarkers and immunoinflammatory targets in children with cerebral palsy: An observational study.,"Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common disabling disease in children, and motor dysfunction is the core symptom of CP. Although relevant risk factors have been found to be closely associated with CP: congenital malformations, multiple gestation, prematurity, intrauterine inflammation and infection, birth asphyxia, thrombophilia, and perinatal stroke. Its important pathophysiological mechanism is amniotic fluid infection and intraamniotic inflammation leading to fetal developing brain damage, which may last for many years. However, the molecular mechanism of CP is still not well explained. This study aimed to use bioinformatics to identify key biomarker-related signaling pathways in CP. The expression profile of children with CP was selected from the Gene Expression Comprehensive Database, and the CP disease gene data set was obtained from GeneCards. A protein-protein interaction network was established and functional enrichment analysis was performed using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases. A total of 144 differential key intersection genes and 10 hub genes were identified through molecular biology. Gene Ontology functional enrichment analysis results show that differentially expressed genes are mainly concentrated in biological processes, such as immune response and neurogenesis. The cellular components involved mainly include axons, postsynaptic membranes, etc, and their molecular functions mainly involve proteoglycan binding, collagen binding, etc. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis shows that the intersection genes are mainly in signaling pathways related to the immune system, inflammatory response, and nervous system, such as Th17 cell differentiation, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, axon guidance, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, gap junction, etc. Jak-STAT signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, and related hub genes regulate immune cells and inflammatory factors and play an important role in the development and progression of CP."
7156,brain tumour,38640244,Tissue-specific genetic variation suggests distinct molecular pathways between body shape phenotypes and colorectal cancer.,"It remains unknown whether adiposity subtypes are differentially associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). To move beyond single-trait anthropometric indicators, we derived four multi-trait body shape phenotypes reflecting adiposity subtypes from principal components analysis on body mass index, height, weight, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist and hip circumference. A generally obese (PC1) and a tall, centrally obese (PC3) body shape were both positively associated with CRC risk in observational analyses in 329,828 UK Biobank participants (3728 cases). In genome-wide association studies in 460,198 UK Biobank participants, we identified 3414 genetic variants across four body shapes and Mendelian randomization analyses confirmed positive associations of PC1 and PC3 with CRC risk (52,775 cases/45,940 controls from GECCO/CORECT/CCFR). Brain tissue-specific genetic instruments, mapped to PC1 through enrichment analysis, were responsible for the relationship between PC1 and CRC, while the relationship between PC3 and CRC was predominantly driven by adipose tissue-specific genetic instruments. This study suggests distinct putative causal pathways between adiposity subtypes and CRC."
7157,brain tumour,38640042,MACTFusion: Lightweight Cross Transformer for Adaptive Multimodal Medical Image Fusion.,"Multimodal medical image fusion aims to integrate complementary information from different modalities of medical images. Deep learning methods, especially recent vision Transformers, have effectively improved image fusion performance. However, there are limitations for Transformers in image fusion, such as lacks of local feature extraction and cross-modal feature interaction, resulting in insufficient multimodal feature extraction and integration. In addition, the computational cost of Transformers is higher. To address these challenges, in this work, we develop an adaptive cross-modal fusion strategy for unsupervised multimodal medical image fusion. Specifically, we propose a novel lightweight cross Transformer based on cross multi-axis attention mechanism. It includes cross-window attention and cross-grid attention to mine and integrate both local and global interactions of multimodal features. The cross Transformer is further guided by a spatial adaptation fusion module, which allows the model to focus on the most relevant information. Moreover, we design a special feature extraction module that combines multiple gradient residual dense convolutional and Transformer layers to obtain local features from coarse to fine and capture global features. The proposed strategy significantly boosts the fusion performance while minimizing computational costs. Extensive experiments, including clinical brain tumor image fusion, have shown that our model can achieve clearer texture details and better visual quality than other state-of-the-art fusion methods."
7158,brain tumour,38639983,Use of Progestogen Tied to Higher Chance of Benign Brain Tumor.,No abstract found
7159,brain tumour,38639925,NSCLC Extracellular Vesicles Containing miR-374a-5p Promote Leptomeningeal Metastasis by Influencing Blood‒Brain Barrier Permeability.,"Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a devastating complication of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Its diagnosis and monitoring can be challenging. Recently, extracellular vesicle (EV) miRNAs have become a new noninvasive diagnostic biomarker. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical value and role of EV miRNAs in NSCLC-LM. Next-generation sequencing analysis revealed that miRNAs with differential expression of EVs in sera of patients with NSCLC with LM and non-LM were detected to identify biological markers for the diagnosis of LM. Cellular and in vivo experiments were conducted to explore the pathogenesis of EV miRNA promoting LM in NSCLC. In the present study, we first demonstrated that the serum level of EV-associated miR-374a-5p in patients with LM of lung cancer was much higher than that in patients without LM and was correlated with the survival time of patients with LM. Further studies showed that EV miR-374a-5p efficiently destroys tight junctions and the integrity of the cerebral microvascular endothelial cell barrier, resulting in increased blood-brain barrier permeability. Mechanistically, miR-374a-5p regulates the distribution of ZO1 and occludin in endothelial cells by targeting γ-adducin, increasing vascular permeability and promoting LM. Implications: These results suggest that serum NSCLC-derived EV miR-374a-5p is involved in premetastatic niche formation by regulating the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to promote NSCLC-LM and can be used as a blood biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC-LM."
7160,brain tumour,38639919,Integrating Multisector Molecular Characterization into Personalized Peptide Vaccine Design for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma.,"Outcomes for patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remain poor despite multimodality treatment with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. There are few immunotherapy options due to the lack of tumor immunogenicity. Several clinical trials have reported promising results with cancer vaccines. To date, studies have used data from a single tumor site to identify targetable antigens, but this approach limits the antigen pool and is antithetical to the heterogeneity of GBM. We have implemented multisector sequencing to increase the pool of neoantigens across the GBM genomic landscape that can be incorporated into personalized peptide vaccines called NeoVax."
7161,brain tumour,38639882,Short-term predictors of stereotactic radiosurgery outcome for untreated single non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases: a restrospective cohort study.,"Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an option for brain metastases (BM) not eligible for surgical resection, however, predictors of SRS outcomes are poorly known. The aim of this study is to investigate predictors of SRS outcome in patients with BM secondary to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The secondary objective is to analyze the value of volumetric criteria in identifying BM progression. This retrospective cohort study included patients >18 years of age with a single untreated BM secondary to NSCLC. Demographic, clinical, and radiological data were assessed. The primary outcome was treatment failure, defined as a BM volumetric increase 12 months after SRS. The unidimensional measurement of the BM at follow-up was also assessed. One hundred thirty-five patients were included, with a median BM volume at baseline of 1.1 cm"
7162,brain tumour,38639855,"Comment in reply to Chen et al. Journal of Neuro-Oncology (2023) 165:535-545 ""Focused ultrasound combined with radiotherapy for malignant brain tumor: a preclinical and clinical study"".",No abstract found
7163,brain tumour,38639854,Personalized prognosis stratification of newly diagnosed glioblastoma applying a statistical decision tree model.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent glioma in adults with a high treatment resistance resulting into limited survival. The individual prognosis varies depending on individual prognostic factors, that must be considered while counseling patients with newly diagnosed GBM. The aim of this study was to elaborate a risk stratification algorithm based on reliable prognostic factors to facilitate a personalized prognosis estimation early on after diagnosis."
7164,brain tumour,38639853,Central nervous system embryonal tumors with EWSR1-PLAGL1 rearrangements reclassified as INI-1 deficient tumors at relapse.,"Central nervous system (CNS) embryonal tumors are a diverse group of malignant tumors typically affecting pediatric patients that recently have been better defined, and this paper describes evolution of a unique type of embryonal tumor at relapse."
7165,brain tumour,38639803,Brainstem cavernous hemangioma with improvement of Holmes tremor on excision.,"An 8-year-old boy presenting with left-angle paralysis, tremor in upper and lower extremities, and diplopia was diagnosed with hemorrhage from a mesencephalic cavernous hemangioma. He underwent hemangiomectomy through the occipital transtentorial approach 4 weeks post-hemorrhage, after which Holmes tremor (HT) markedly reduced. A year later, hemangioma has not recurred; he is now independent in his daily activities. Early intervention in the subacute stage allows for the complete removal of brainstem cavernomas (BSCs), with minimal risk of complications or sequelae. Proper timing and surgical approach for BSCs can prevent re-bleeding and improve HT after an initial hemorrhage, without any lasting negative consequences."
7166,brain tumour,38639785,The role of annexins in central nervous system development and disease.,"Annexins, a group of Ca"
7167,brain tumour,38639770,Multi-Dynamic-Multi-Echo-based MRI for the Pre-Surgical Determination of Sellar Tumor Consistency: a Quantitative Approach for Predicting Lesion Resectability.,"Pre-surgical information about tumor consistency could facilitate neurosurgical planning. This study used multi-dynamic-multi-echo (MDME)-based relaxometry for the quantitative determination of pituitary tumor consistency, with the aim of predicting lesion resectability."
7168,brain tumour,38639278,Polyphenols Modulate the miRNAs Expression that Involved in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a solid tumor that develops from astrocytes, is one of the most aggressive types of brain cancer. While there have been improvements in the efficacy of treating GBM, many problems remain, especially with traditional therapy methods. Therefore, recent studies have extensively focused on developing novel therapeutic agents for combating glioblastoma. Natural polyphenols have been studied for their potential as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents due to their wide range of positive qualities, including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, cytotoxic, antineoplastic, and immunomodulatory activities. These natural compounds have been suggested to act "
7169,brain tumour,38639190,Deciphering microglial activation and neuronal apoptosis post‑traumatic brain injury: The role of TYROBP in inflammation regulation networks.,"Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) represents a significant public health challenge. Recovery from brain injury necessitates the collaborative efforts of various resident neural cells, predominantly microglia. The present study analyzed rat and mouse RNA expression micro‑arrays, high‑throughput RNA sequencing and single‑cell sequencing data sourced from public databases. To construct an inflammation regulation network around TYRO protein tyrosine kinase‑binding protein (TYROBP), to evaluate the role of TYROBP in cell death after TBI. These findings indicate that following TBI, neurons predominantly communicate with one another through the CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) and CC chemokine ligand (CCL) signaling pathways, employing a paracrine mechanism to activate microglia. These activated microglia intensify the pathological progression of brain injury by releasing factors such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‑α), vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor β via the NF‑κB pathway. Cells co‑culture experiments demonstrated that neurons, impaired by mechanical injury, interact with microglia through non‑contact mechanisms. Activated microglia secrete cytokines, including TNF‑α, CXCL‑8 and CCL2, which trigger an inflammatory response and facilitate neuronal apoptosis. TYROBP gene knockout in microglia was demonstrated to reduce this interaction and reduce neuronal cell apoptosis rates."
7170,brain tumour,38639067,Ratiometric Afterglow Luminescent Imaging of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Activity via an Energy Diversion Process.,"Ratiometric afterglow luminescent (AGL) probes are attractive for in vivo imaging due to their high sensitivity and signal self-calibration function. However, there are currently few ratiometric AGL probes available for imaging enzymatic activity in living organisms. Here, we present an energy diversion (ED) strategy that enables the design of an enzyme-activated ratiometric AGL probe (RAG-RGD) for in vivo afterglow imaging. The ED process provides RAG-RGD with a radiative transition for an 'always on' 520-nm AGL signal (AGL"
7171,brain tumour,38639008,A systematic review and in silico analysis of studies investigating the ischemic penumbra proteome in animal models of experimental stroke.,Ischaemic stroke results in the formation of a cerebral infarction bordered by an ischaemic penumbra. Characterising the proteins within the ischaemic penumbra may identify neuro-protective targets and novel circulating markers to improve patient care. This review assessed data from studies using proteomic platforms to compare ischaemic penumbra tissues to controls following experimental stroke in animal models. Proteins reported to differ significantly between penumbra and control tissues were analysed 
7172,brain tumour,38638787,Sellar Melanoma With Lung Metastasis: A Case Report.,"We report the case of an 81-year-old patient with no pre-existing medical conditions who presented with a one-week history of progressive horizontal diplopia. Contrast-enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a heterogeneous sellar mass with the infiltration of the cavernous sinus and sella. Hormone levels were within normal limits. Considering an endocrine inactive pituitary adenoma, the patient underwent transsphenoidal resection. After surgery, the preoperative symptoms completely resolved. Histopathologic examination of the tumor specimen revealed melanoma. Since the patient had no history of cancer, an extensive staging workup was performed, which revealed multiple lung metastases. However, no primary tumor was found. We recommended adjuvant brain irradiation and chemo- and immunotherapy, but the patient refused further oncological treatment and died five months after surgery. Reported cases of sellar melanoma are rare, and the combination of sellar melanoma and lung metastasis without a cutaneous primary is unique. Although rare, malignant lesions of the sella must be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially in cases with rapid onset of symptoms."
7173,brain tumour,38638737,Transcriptome-Based Treatment for Melanoma With Brain Metastasis: A Case Report.,"Malignant melanoma with brain metastasis has a high mortality rate. New approaches for diagnosis and treatment are urgently required to improve prognosis. Here we present a 60-year-old male with metastatic melanoma to the brain. Using a transcriptomics pipeline, we analyzed whole blood and resected tumor tissue, identifying enriched gene expression biomarkers and pathways - including seven upregulated ( BRAF, CDK4, EIF1AX, IK, NRAS, PIK3R2, and TP53) and 11 downregulated (CASP8, CDK10, CDKN2A, CTLA4, GNA11, HERC2, IRF4, MC1R, PLA2G6, RREB1, and TPCN2) genes in the blood (across 15 pathways), showing 14% enrichment, and 16 upregulated (CCND1, CDK4, CTLA4, EIF1AX, IK, IRF4, MITF, NRAS, PIK3CB, PIK3R2, PMEL, RREB1, SLC45A2, SOX10, TYR, and TYRP1) and three downregulated ( GNA11, KITLG, and PLA2G6) genes in tissue (across 17 pathways), showing 33% enrichment, with five shared markers and 12 shared pathways. The model connected CDK4 pathway overactivity observed in both samples to inhibitors like ribociclib, abemaciclib, and palbociclib as putative treatments. By enabling objective personalized therapy selection, this approach shows great promise for advancing patient outcomes."
7174,brain tumour,38638733,Acute Hemichorea in an Elderly Patient With Positive Anti-centromere Antibodies and Lung Tumor.,"Though rare, autoimmune paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic chorea can be leading causes of adult-onset acute/subacute chorea. Here, we report a case of acute-onset chorea with suspected autoimmune-mediated mechanisms in a 79-year-old female who exhibited acute-onset choreiform movements on the right side of her body. She tested positive for anti-centromere antibodies (ACAs) without displaying symptoms of scleroderma. Blood sugar levels, genetic testing for Huntington's disease, and an antibody panel related to paraneoplastic neurological syndrome were unremarkable. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed no significant abnormalities. Computed tomography (CT) identified an irregularly shaped nodule in the middle lobe of the right lung. An 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-CT scan showed an accumulation of radioactivity in the nodule and slight hypermetabolism in the striatum of both hemispheres. Her choreiform movements almost disappeared with a low dose of tiapride alone, without the need for anti-tumor therapy or immunotherapy. In cases of adult-onset acute/subacute chorea, investigating neoplasms and autoimmune diseases as underlying conditions is recommended. Tiapride, due to its good tolerability, is a valuable symptomatic therapy for elderly patients presenting with chorea, even in cases driven by autoimmune mechanisms."
7175,brain tumour,38638480,,Lynch syndrome patients have an inherited predisposition to cancer due to a deficiency in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes which could lead to a higher risk of developing cancer if exposed to ionizing radiation. This pilot study aims to reveal the association between MMR deficiency and radiosensitivity at both a CT relevant low dose (20 mGy) and a therapeutic higher dose (2 Gy).
7176,brain tumour,38638322,Electrophysiological and morphological modulation of neuronal-glial network by breast cancer and nontumorigenic mammary cell conditioned medium.,"Breast cancer is a significant global health concern, with the overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/ERBB2) being a driver oncogene in 20%-30% of cases. Indeed, HER2/ERBB2 plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and survival via a complex signaling network. Overexpression of HER2/ERBB2 is associated with more aggressive behavior and increased risk of brain metastases, which remains a significant clinical challenge for treatment. Recent research has highlighted the role of breast cancer secretomes in promoting tumor progression, including excessive proliferation, immune invasion, and resistance to anti-cancer therapy, and their potential as cancer biomarkers. In this study, we investigated the impact of ERBB2+ breast cancer "
7177,brain tumour,38638156,GPR27 expression correlates with prognosis and tumor progression in gliomas.,"Glioma is a highly aggressive type of brain tumor, and its prognosis is still poor despite recent progress in treatment strategies. G protein-coupled receptor 27 (GPR27) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family and has been reported to be involved in various cellular processes, including tumor progression. Nevertheless, the clinical potential and tumor-related role of GPR27 in glioma remain unknown. Here we aimed to explore the function and role of GPR27 in gliomas."
7178,brain tumour,38637883,Therapeutic potential of targeting Nrf2 by panobinostat in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.,"We aimed to identify the druggable cell-intrinsic vulnerabilities and target-based drug therapies for PitNETs using the high-throughput drug screening (HTS) and genomic sequencing methods. We examined 9 patient-derived PitNET primary cells in HTS. Based on the screening results, the potential target genes were analyzed with genomic sequencing from a total of 180 PitNETs. We identified and verified one of the most potentially effective drugs, which targeted the Histone deacetylases (HDACs) both in in vitro and in vivo PitNET models. Further RNA sequencing revealed underlying molecular mechanisms following treatment with the representative HDACs inhibitor, Panobinostat. The HTS generated a total of 20,736 single-agent dose responses which were enriched among multiple inhibitors for various oncogenic targets, including HDACs, PI3K, mTOR, and proteasome. Among these drugs, HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) were, on average, the most potent drug class. Further studies using in vitro, in vivo, and isolated PitNET primary cell models validated HDACIs, especially Panobinostat, as a promising therapeutic agent. Transcriptional surveys revealed substantial alterations to the Nrf2 signaling following Panobinostat treatment. Moreover, Nrf2 is highly expressed in PitNETs. The combination of Panobinostat and Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 had a synergistic effect on PitNET suppression. The current study revealed a class of effective anti-PitNET drugs, HDACIs, based on the HTS and genomic sequencing. One of the representative compounds, Panobinostat, may be a potential drug for PitNET treatment via Nrf2-mediated redox modulation. Combination of Panobinostat and ML385 further enhance the effectiveness for PitNET treatment."
7179,brain tumour,38637850,Targeting brain-peripheral immune responses for secondary brain injury after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.,"The notion that the central nervous system is an immunologically immune-exempt organ has changed over the past two decades, with increasing evidence of strong links and interactions between the central nervous system and the peripheral immune system, both in the healthy state and after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Although primary injury after stroke is certainly important, the limited therapeutic efficacy, poor neurological prognosis and high mortality have led researchers to realize that secondary injury and damage may also play important roles in influencing long-term neurological prognosis and mortality and that the neuroinflammatory process in secondary injury is one of the most important influences on disease progression. Here, we summarize the interactions of the central nervous system with the peripheral immune system after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, in particular, how the central nervous system activates and recruits peripheral immune components, and we review recent advances in corresponding therapeutic approaches and clinical studies, emphasizing the importance of the role of the peripheral immune system in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke."
7180,brain tumour,38637838,BCOR::CREBBP fusion in malignant neuroepithelial tumor of CNS expands the spectrum of methylation class CNS tumor with BCOR/BCOR(L1)-fusion.,"Methylation class ""CNS tumor with BCOR/BCOR(L1)-fusion"" was recently defined based on methylation profiling and tSNE analysis of a series of 21 neuroepithelial tumors with predominant presence of a BCOR fusion and/or characteristic CNV breakpoints at chromosome 22q12.31 and chromosome Xp11.4. Clear diagnostic criteria are still missing for this tumor type, specially that BCOR/BCOR(L1)-fusion is not a consistent finding in these tumors despite being frequent and that none of the Heidelberger classifier versions is able to clearly identify these cases, in particular tumors with alternative fusions other than those involving BCOR, BCORL1, EP300 and CREBBP. In this study, we introduce a BCOR::CREBBP fusion in an adult patient with a right temporomediobasal tumor, for the first time in association with methylation class ""CNS tumor with BCOR/BCOR(L1)-fusion"" in addition to 35 cases of CNS neuroepithelial tumors with molecular and histopathological characteristics compatible with ""CNS tumor with BCOR/BCOR(L1)-fusion"" based on a comprehensive literature review and data mining in the repository of 23 published studies on neuroepithelial brain Tumors including 7207 samples of 6761 patients. Based on our index case and the 35 cases found in the literature, we suggest the archetypical histological and molecular features of ""CNS tumor with BCOR/BCOR(L1)-fusion"". We also present four adult diffuse glioma cases including GBM, IDH-Wildtype and Astrocytoma, IDH-Mutant with CREBBP fusions and describe the necessity of complementary molecular analysis in ""CNS tumor with BCOR/BCOR(L1)-alterations for securing a final diagnosis."
7181,brain tumour,38637831,"PRMT6-mediated transcriptional activation of ythdf2 promotes glioblastoma migration, invasion, and emt via the wnt-β-catenin pathway.","Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) plays a crucial role in various pathophysiological processes and diseases. Glioblastoma (GBM; WHO Grade 4 glioma) is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor in adults, with a prognosis that is extremely poor, despite being less common than other systemic malignancies. Our current research finds PRMT6 upregulated in GBM, enhancing tumor malignancy. Yet, the specifics of PRMT6's regulatory processes and potential molecular mechanisms in GBM remain largely unexplored."
7182,brain tumour,38637657,The selective prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor IOX5 stabilizes HIF-1α and compromises development and progression of acute myeloid leukemia.,"Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a largely incurable disease, for which new treatments are urgently needed. While leukemogenesis occurs in the hypoxic bone marrow, the therapeutic tractability of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) system remains undefined. Given that inactivation of HIF-1α/HIF-2α promotes AML, a possible clinical strategy is to target the HIF-prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs), which promote HIF-1α/HIF-2α degradation. Here, we reveal that genetic inactivation of Phd1/Phd2 hinders AML initiation and progression, without impacting normal hematopoiesis. We investigated clinically used PHD inhibitors and a new selective PHD inhibitor (IOX5), to stabilize HIF-α in AML cells. PHD inhibition compromises AML in a HIF-1α-dependent manner to disable pro-leukemogenic pathways, re-program metabolism and induce apoptosis, in part via upregulation of BNIP3. Notably, concurrent inhibition of BCL-2 by venetoclax potentiates the anti-leukemic effect of PHD inhibition. Thus, PHD inhibition, with consequent HIF-1α stabilization, is a promising nontoxic strategy for AML, including in combination with venetoclax."
7183,brain tumour,38637626,Evaluating cell culture reliability in pediatric brain tumor primary cells through DNA methylation profiling.,"In vitro models of pediatric brain tumors (pBT) are instrumental for better understanding the mechanisms contributing to oncogenesis and testing new therapies; thus, ideally, they should recapitulate the original tumor. We applied DNA methylation (DNAm) and copy number variation (CNV) profiling to characterize 241 pBT samples, including 155 tumors and 86 pBT-derived cell cultures, considering serum vs serum-free conditions, late vs early passages, and dimensionality (2D vs 3D cultures). We performed a t-SNE classification and identified differentially methylated regions in tumors compared to cell models. Early cell cultures recapitulate the original tumor, but serum media and 2D culturing were demonstrated to significantly contribute to the divergence of DNAm profiles from the parental ones. All divergent cells clustered together acquiring a common deregulated epigenetic signature suggesting a shared selective pressure. We identified a set of hypomethylated genes shared among unfaithful cells converging on response to growth factors and migration pathways, such as signaling cascade activation, tissue organization, and cellular migration. In conclusion, DNAm and CNV are informative tools that should be used to assess the recapitulation of pBT-cells from parental tumors."
7184,brain tumour,38637440,Identifying Diffuse Glioma Subtypes Based on Pathway Enrichment Evaluation.,"Gliomas are highly heterogeneous in molecular, histology, and microenvironment. However, a classification of gliomas by integrating different tumor microenvironment (TME) components remains unexplored. Based on the enrichment scores of 17 pathways involved in immune, stromal, DNA repair, and nervous system signatures in diffuse gliomas, we performed consensus clustering to uncover novel subtypes of gliomas. Consistently in three glioma datasets (TCGA-glioma, CGGA325, and CGGA301), we identified three subtypes: Stromal-enriched (Str-G), Nerve-enriched (Ner-G), and mixed (Mix-G). Ner-G was charactered by low immune infiltration levels, stromal contents, tumor mutation burden, copy number alterations, DNA repair activity, cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, stemness, intratumor heterogeneity, androgen receptor expression and EGFR, PTEN, NF1 and MUC16 mutation rates, while high enrichment of neurons and nervous system pathways, and high tumor purity, estrogen receptor expression, IDH1 and CIC mutation rates, temozolomide response rate and overall and disease-free survival rates. In contrast, Str-G displayed contrastive characteristics to Ner-G. Our analysis indicates that the heterogeneity between glioma cells and neurons is lower than that between glioma cells and immune and stromal cells. Furthermore, the abundance of neurons is positively associated with clinical outcomes in gliomas, while the enrichment of immune and stromal cells has a negative association with them. Our classification method provides new insights into the tumor biology of gliomas, as well as clinical implications for the precise management of this disease."
7185,brain tumour,38637419,The RAS oncogene in brain tumors and the involvement of let-7 microRNA.,"RAS oncogenes are master regulator genes in many cancers. In general, RAS-driven cancers have an oncogenic RAS mutation that promotes disease progression (colon, lung, pancreas). In contrast, brain tumors are not necessarily RAS-driven cancers because RAS mutations are rarely observed. In particular, glioblastomas (the most lethal brain tumor) do not appear to have dominant genetic mutations that are suitable for targeted therapy. Standard treatment for most brain tumors continues to focus on maximal surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Yet the convergence of genomic aberrations such as EGFR, PDGFR and NF1 (some of which are clinically effective) with activation of the RAS/MAPK cascade is still considered a key point in gliomagenesis, and KRAS is undoubtedly a driving gene in gliomagenesis in mice. In cancer, microRNAs (miRNA) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate carcinogenesis. However, the functional consequences of aberrant miRNA expression in cancer are still poorly understood. let-7 encodes an intergenic miRNA that is classified as a tumour suppressor, at least in lung cancer. Let-7 suppresses a plethora of oncogenes such as RAS, HMGA, c-Myc, cyclin-D and thus suppresses cancer development, differentiation and progression. let-7 family members are direct regulators of certain RAS family genes by binding to the sequences in their 3'untranslated region (3'UTR). let-7 miRNA is involved in the malignant behaviour in vitro-proliferation, migration and invasion-of gliomas and stem-like glioma cells as well as in vivo models of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) via KRAS inhibition. It also increases resistance to certain chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy in GBM. Although let-7 therapy is not yet established, this review updates the current state of knowledge on the contribution of miRNA let-7 in interaction with KRAS to the oncogenesis of brain tumours."
7186,brain tumour,38637354,The role of [18 F]FDOPA PET as an adjunct to conventional MRI in the diagnosis of aggressive glial lesions.,"Amino acid PET is recommended for the initial diagnosis of brain lesions, but its value for identifying aggressive lesions remains to be established. The current study therefore evaluates the added-value of dynamic [18 F]FDOPA PET as an adjunct to conventional MRI for determining the aggressiveness of presumed glial lesions at diagnosis."
7187,brain tumour,38637187,MRI radiomics predicts the efficacy of EGFR-TKI in EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer with brain metastasis.,To develop and validate models based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics for predicting the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases.
7188,brain tumour,38637186,Bench-to-bedside imaging in brain metastases: a road to precision oncology.,"Radiology has seen tremendous evolution in the last few decades. At the same time, oncology has made great strides in diagnosing and treating cancer. Distant metastases of neoplasms are being encountered more often in light of longer patient survival due to better therapeutic strategies and diagnostic methods. Brain metastasis (BM) is a dismal manifestation of systemic cancer. In the present scenario, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are playing a big role in providing molecular information about cancer. Lately, molecular imaging has emerged as a stirring arena of dynamic imaging techniques that have enabled clinicians and scientists to noninvasively visualize and understand biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels. This knowledge has impacted etiopathogenesis, detection, personalized treatment, drug development, and our understanding of carcinogenesis. This article offers insight into the molecular biology underlying brain metastasis, its pathogenesis, imaging protocols, and algorithms. It also discusses disease-specific molecular imaging features, focusing on common tumors that spread to the brain, such as lung, breast, colorectal cancer, melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma. Additionally, it covers various targeted treatment options, criteria for assessing treatment response, and the role of artificial intelligence in diagnosing, managing, and predicting prognosis for patients with brain metastases."
7189,brain tumour,38637150,Current and future directions in interventional neuro-oncology-are we there yet?,"Advancements in technology and technical expertise increasingly enable neurointerventionalists to deliver safer and more effective endovascular treatments to cancers of the brain, spine, head, and neck. In addition to established neuro-oncological interventions such as pre-surgical tumor embolization and percutaneous ablation, newer modalities focused on direct arterial infusion of chemotherapy, radioisotopes, and radiosensitizers continue to gain traction as complementary treatment options, while stem cell-mediated delivery of theranostic nanoparticles and oncolytic virus are being explored for even greater specificity in targeting cancers across the blood-brain barrier. This article aims to provide an overview of the current state of the art and future directions for the field of interventional neuro-oncology, as well as opportunities and challenges presented by this emerging treatment modality."
7190,brain tumour,38637043,Efficient EVs separation and detection by an alumina-nanochannel-array-membrane integrated microfluidic chip and an antibody barcode biochip.,"Small endosome-derived lipid nanovesicles (30-200 nm) are actively secreted by living cells and serve as pivotal biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis. However, the study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) requires isolation and purification from various body fluids. Although traditional EVs isolation and detection technologies are mature, they usually require large amount of sample, consumes long-time, and have relatively low-throughput. How to efficiently isolate, purify and detect these structurally specific EVs from body fluids with high-throughput remains a great challenge in in vitro diagnostics and clinical research."
7191,brain tumour,38637027,Imaging Features of Primary Intracranial Sarcoma with ,"Primary intracranial sarcoma, "
7192,brain tumour,38636895,Galectin-3 depletion tames pro-tumoural microglia and restrains cancer cells growth.,"Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a multifunctional protein that plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of various central nervous system diseases, including cancer. Although the involvement of Gal-3 in tumour progression, resistance to treatment and immunosuppression has long been studied in different cancer types, mainly outside the central nervous system, its elevated expression in myeloid and glial cells underscores its profound impact on the brain's immune response. In this context, microglia and infiltrating macrophages, the predominant non-cancerous cells within the tumour microenvironment, play critical roles in establishing an immunosuppressive milieu in diverse brain tumours. Through the utilisation of primary cell cultures and immortalised microglial cell lines, we have elucidated the central role of Gal-3 in promoting cancer cell migration, invasion, and an immunosuppressive microglial phenotypic activation. Furthermore, employing two distinct in vivo models encompassing primary (glioblastoma) and secondary brain tumours (breast cancer brain metastasis), our histological and transcriptomic analysis show that Gal-3 depletion triggers a robust pro-inflammatory response within the tumour microenvironment, notably based on interferon-related pathways. Interestingly, this response is prominently observed in tumour-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs), resulting in the suppression of cancer cells growth."
7193,brain tumour,38636794,LRP1 in GABAergic neurons is a key link between obesity and memory function.,"Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) regulates energy homeostasis, blood-brain barrier integrity, and metabolic signaling in the brain. Deficiency of LRP1 in inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons causes severe obesity in mice. However, the impact of LRP1 in inhibitory neurons on memory function and cognition in the context of obesity is poorly understood."
7194,brain tumour,38636726,Single administration of a psychedelic [(R)-DOI] influences coping strategies to an escapable social stress.,"Psychedelic compounds have potentially rapid, long-lasting anxiolytic, antidepressive and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated whether the psychedelic compound (R)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine [(R)-DOI], a selective 5-HT"
7195,brain tumour,38636689,Phospholipid scramblase 1 acts through the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway to promote the malignant progression of glioma.,"Phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) is a calcium-dependent endofacial plasma-membrane protein that plays an essential role in multiple human cancers. However, little is known about its role in glioma. This study aimed to investigate PLSCR1 function in glioma, and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms."
7196,brain tumour,38636638,Are the Radiological and Molecular Features of Pediatric Medulloblastomas Valuable Prognostic Indicators? A 10-Year Retrospective Review in the Middle East.,"Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumors in the pediatric population. Based on the idea that tumors with identical radio-genomic features should behave similarly, the 4 molecular subtypes are now widely accepted as a guide for the management and prognosis. The radiological features of medulloblastomas can predict the molecular subtype; thus, anticipating the subsequent disease progression. However, this has not been evaluated comprehensively. We aim to thoroughly study the association between the molecular subtypes and radiological features of medulloblastomas. Moreover, we aim to investigate the efficacy of this correlation with the use of progression-free survival and 5-year survival rates."
7197,brain tumour,38636630,Preoperative Blood Counts Predict Overall Survival in Patients Undergoing Surgical Removal of Brain Metastasis.,"The prognosis for patients with cancer with brain metastasis (BM) requiring surgical removal is quite limited. Preoperative prognostic factors can provide meaningful information to surgeons, oncologists, and patients. This study evaluated the preoperative blood counts in patients with BM who were treated with surgical removal."
7198,brain tumour,38636588,Co-delivery of fucoxanthin and Twist siRNA using hydroxyethyl starch-cholesterol self-assembled polymer nanoparticles for triple-negative breast cancer synergistic therapy.,"Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer with an extremely dismal prognosis and few treatment options. As a desmoplastic tumor, TNBC tumor cells are girdled by stroma composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and their secreted stromal components. The rapidly proliferating tumor cells, together with the tumor stroma, exert additional solid tissue pressure on tumor vasculature and surrounding tissues, severely obstructing therapeutic agent from deep intratumoral penetration, and resulting in tumor metastasis and treatment resistance."
7199,brain tumour,38636503,Adaptive cascaded transformer U-Net for MRI brain tumor segmentation.,
7200,brain tumour,38636466,Metastases Affecting Cranial Nervous Structures in Male Breast Cancer: Two Case Reports.,"Breast cancer in males is a very rare entity, and survival is mainly influenced by the stage at diagnosis. The lack of early detection tools in men results in a diagnostic delay of about 5-10 years and a higher percentage of metastatic disease at diagnosis. However, the characteristics of head metastases are not well defined."
7201,brain tumour,38636360,"Sellar metastasis: A rare intraoperative finding - surgical treatment, strategies and outcome.","The sellar region, though uncommon for metastatic spread, may become more prevalent due to longer survival of patients with metastatic malignancies. Compression of adjacent vital anatomy can cause disabling symptoms and endocrine disturbances, leading to significant morbidity METHODS: This study analyzed sellar pathologies treated via endonasal approach from January 2011 to December 2021 to assess the incidence of sellar metastases. Patient demographics, presenting symptoms, radiological and histological findings, management, and outcomes were evaluated RESULTS: Among 334 patients treated during the study period, eight (2.3 %) had metastases confirmed histopathologically, with one having a known malignant tumor history. Preoperative imaging suspected malignancy or metastasis in two cases. Diagnosis was unexpectedly confirmed in 57 % of cases. Subtotal resection was achieved in three cases, near-total resection in one. Mean follow-up was 2.4 years, with 71 % mortality CONCLUSIONS: The sellar region can manifest metastatic disease, with sellar symptoms potentially indicating neoplastic disease onset. Rapid hormonal dysfunction or ophthalmoplegia suggests metastasis, even without a known primary. Further meta analysis of reported cases is necessary to determine the incidence and optimal treatment of these rare metastases."
7202,brain tumour,38636292,The efficacy of sacituzumab govitecan and trastuzumab deruxtecan on stable and active brain metastases in metastatic breast cancer patients-a multicenter real-world analysis.,"Fifteen to thirty percent of all patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) develop brain metastases (BCBMs). Recently, the antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) sacituzumab govitecan (SG) and trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) have shown to be highly effective in the treatment of MBC. However, there are only limited data whether these macromolecules are also effective in patients with BCBMs. We therefore aimed to examine the efficacy of SG and T-DXd in patients with stable and active BCBMs in a multicenter real-world analysis."
7203,brain tumour,38636186,Surface electrical stimulation of the auditory cortex preserves efferent medial olivocochlear neurons and reduces cochlear traits of age-related hearing loss.,"The auditory cortex is the source of descending connections providing contextual feedback for auditory signal processing at almost all levels of the lemniscal auditory pathway. Such feedback is essential for cognitive processing. It is likely that corticofugal pathways are degraded with aging, becoming important players in age-related hearing loss and, by extension, in cognitive decline. We are testing the hypothesis that surface, epidural stimulation of the auditory cortex during aging may regulate the activity of corticofugal pathways, resulting in modulation of central and peripheral traits of auditory aging. Increased auditory thresholds during ongoing age-related hearing loss in the rat are attenuated after two weeks of epidural stimulation with direct current applied to the surface of the auditory cortex for two weeks in alternate days (Fernández del Campo et al., 2024). Here we report that the same cortical electrical stimulation protocol induces structural and cytochemical changes in the aging cochlea and auditory brainstem, which may underlie recovery of age-degraded auditory sensitivity. Specifically, we found that in 18 month-old rats after two weeks of cortical electrical stimulation there is, relative to age-matched non-stimulated rats: a) a larger number of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactive neuronal cell body profiles in the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body, originating the medial olivocochlear system.; b) a reduction of age-related dystrophic changes in the stria vascularis; c) diminished immunoreactivity for the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα in the stria vascularis and spiral ligament. d) diminished immunoreactivity for Iba1 and changes in the morphology of Iba1 immunoreactive cells in the lateral wall, suggesting reduced activation of macrophage/microglia; d) Increased immunoreactivity levels for calretinin in spiral ganglion neurons, suggesting excitability modulation by corticofugal stimulation. Altogether, these findings support that non-invasive neuromodulation of the auditory cortex during aging preserves the cochlear efferent system and ameliorates cochlear aging traits, including stria vascularis dystrophy, dysregulated inflammation and altered excitability in primary auditory neurons."
7204,brain tumour,38635885,Deuterium Metabolic Imaging Differentiates Glioblastoma Metabolic Subtypes and Detects Early Response to Chemoradiotherapy.,"Metabolic subtypes of glioblastoma (GBM) have different prognoses and responses to treatment. Deuterium metabolic imaging with 2H-labeled substrates is a potential approach to stratify patients into metabolic subtypes for targeted treatment. In this study, we used 2H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) measurements of [6,6'-2H2]glucose metabolism to identify metabolic subtypes and their responses to chemoradiotherapy in patient-derived GBM xenografts in vivo. The metabolism of patient-derived cells was first characterized in vitro by measuring the oxygen consumption rate, a marker of mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, as well as the extracellular acidification rate and 2H-labeled lactate production from [6,6'-2H2]glucose, which are markers of glycolytic activity. Two cell lines representative of a glycolytic subtype and two representative of a mitochondrial subtype were identified. 2H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MRSI measurements showed similar concentrations of 2H-labeled glucose from [6,6'-2H2]glucose in all four tumor models when implanted orthotopically in mice. The glycolytic subtypes showed higher concentrations of 2H-labeled lactate than the mitochondrial subtypes and normal-appearing brain tissue, whereas the mitochondrial subtypes showed more glutamate/glutamine labeling, a surrogate for tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, than the glycolytic subtypes and normal-appearing brain tissue. The response of the tumors to chemoradiation could be detected within 24 hours of treatment completion, with the mitochondrial subtypes showing a decrease in both 2H-labeled glutamate/glutamine and lactate concentrations and glycolytic tumors showing a decrease in 2H-labeled lactate concentration. This technique has the potential to be used clinically for treatment selection and early detection of treatment response."
7205,brain tumour,38635517,Effect of different treatment modalities on ovarian cancer patients with liver metastases: A retrospective cohort study based on SEER.,"To examine the trends in morbidity and mortality among ovarian cancer patients with liver metastases, and investigate the impact of different treatments on both overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS)."
7206,brain tumour,38635073,Central precocious puberty secondary to postoperative craniopharyngioma: two case reports and a literature review.,"Craniopharyngioma is a common intracranial tumour in children. Clinical manifestations are related to hypothalamic/pituitary deficiencies, visual impairment, and increased intracranial pressure. Defects in pituitary function cause shortages of growth hormone, gonadotropin, corticotropin, thyrotropin, and vasopressin, resulting in short stature, delayed puberty, feebleness, lethargy, polyuria, etc. However, manifestations involving precocious puberty (PP) are rare."
7207,brain tumour,38635060,"Effects of dependent care theory-based post-surgical home care intervention on self-care, symptoms, and caregiver burden in patients with primary brain tumor and their caregivers: a randomized controlled trial.","This study aimed to examine the effect of dependent care theory-based post-surgical home care intervention on self-care, symptoms, and caregiver burden in primary brain tumor patients and their caregivers."
7208,brain tumour,38635031,Vascular mimicry as a facilitator of melanoma brain metastasis.,"Melanoma has the highest propensity among solid tumors to metastasize to the brain. Melanoma brain metastases (MBM) are a leading cause of death in melanoma and affect 40-60% of patients with late-stage disease. Therefore, uncovering the molecular mechanisms behind MBM is necessary to enhance therapeutic interventions. Vascular mimicry (VM) is a form of neovascularization linked to invasion, increased risk of metastasis, and poor prognosis in many tumor types, but its significance in MBM remains poorly understood. We found that VM density is elevated in MBM compared to paired extracranial specimens and is associated with tumor volume and CNS edema. In addition, our studies indicate a relevant role of YAP and TAZ, two transcriptional co-factors scarcely studied in melanoma, in tumor cell-vasculogenesis and in brain metastasis. We recently demonstrated activation of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway and increased degradation of its downstream targets YAP and TAZ in a metastasis impaired cell line model. In the current study we establish the utility of anti-YAP/TAZ therapy in mouse models of metastatic melanoma whereby treatment effectively inhibits VM and prolongs survival of mice with MBM. The data presented herein suggest that VM may be an important and targetable mechanism in melanoma and that VM inhibition might be useful for treating MBM, an area of high unmet clinical need, thus having important implications for future treatment regimens for these patients."
7209,brain tumour,38635028,From images to insights: a neuroradiologist's practical guide on white matter fiber tract anatomy and DTI patterns for pre-surgical planning.,"Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a valuable non-invasive imaging modality for mapping white matter tracts and assessing microstructural integrity, and can be used as a ""biomarker"" in diagnosis, differentiation, and therapeutic monitoring. Although it has gained clinical importance as a marker of neuropathology, limitations in its interpretation underscore the need for caution."
7210,brain tumour,38634878,"""Pushing the Envelope"": advanced imaging-data-analysis meets NODDI to differentiate glioblastoma and brain metastasis.",No abstract found
7211,brain tumour,38634572,GBM Immunotherapy: Macrophage Impacts.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely aggressive form of brain tumor with low survival rates. Current treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery are problematic due to tumor growth, invasion, and tumor microenvironment. GBM cells are resistant to these standard treatments, and the heterogeneity of the tumor makes it difficult to find a universal approach. Progression of GBM and acquisition of resistance to therapy are due to the complex interplay between tumor cells and the TME. A significant portion of the TME consists of an inflammatory infiltrate, with microglia and macrophages being the predominant cells."
7212,brain tumour,38634120,UBE2C enhances temozolomide resistance by regulating the expression of p53 to induce aerobic glycolysis in glioma.,"UBE2C is overexpressed in gliomas, and its overexpression has been reported to be correlated with the drug resistance of gliomas to some extent. In this study, we explore the role of UBE2C in regulating temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in glioma and investigate the underlying mechanisms involved. Twenty normal brain tissues and 100 glioma tissues from 50 TMZ-resistant patients and 50 TMZ-sensitive patients are included in this study. TMZ-resistant cell lines are constructed to explore the role of UBE2C in regulating glioma cell viability and TMZ resistance. Our results show that both the mRNA and protein levels of UBE2C are significantly elevated in the brain tissues of glioma patients, especially in those of TMZ-resistant patients. Consistently, UBE2C expression is markedly upregulated in TMZ-resistant cell lines. Overexpression of UBE2C rescues glioma cells from TMZ-mediated apoptosis and enhances cell viability. In contrast, downregulation of UBE2C expression further enhances TMZ function, increases cell apoptosis and decreases cell viability. Mechanistically, UBE2C overexpression decreases p53 expression and enhances aerobic glycolysis level by increasing ATP level, lactate production, and glucose uptake. Downregulation of p53 level abolishes the role of UBE2C downregulation in inhibiting TMZ resistance and aerobic glycolysis in glioma cells. Moreover, an animal assay confirms that downregulation of UBE2C expression further suppresses tumor growth in the context of TMZ treatment. Collectively, this study reveals that downregulation of UBE2C expression enhances the sensitivity of glioma cells to TMZ by regulating the expression of p53 to inhibit aerobic glycolysis."
7213,brain tumour,38634059,Approach to a cerebral hernia caused by an intratumoral hemorrhage of a cystic oligodendroglioma: a case report.,"The incidence of cerebral herniation caused by intratumoral hemorrhage (ITH) in cystic oligodendroglioma (COD) is exceedingly rare. This study presents a case of cerebral herniation subsequent to cystic oligodendroglioma (COD) and sudden intratumoral hemorrhage. Following initial emergency treatment and evaluation, we successfully circumvented the solid component of the tumor and proceeded with cystic puncture and external drainage to prevent the incidence of brain herniation and mitigate the severity of associated symptoms. Based on preoperative examination results, the cystic glioma was successfully resected, and the patient experienced an uneventful recovery. According to the pathological findings, the oligodendroglioma was classified as World Health Organization (WHO) grade III. The treatment efficacy was comparable to cases of the same pathological grade, in which neither intratumoral hemorrhage nor cerebral hernia was observed."
7214,brain tumour,38634017,Brain tumor segmentation using neuro-technology enabled intelligence-cascaded U-Net model.,"According to experts in neurology, brain tumours pose a serious risk to human health. The clinical identification and treatment of brain tumours rely heavily on accurate segmentation. The varied sizes, forms, and locations of brain tumours make accurate automated segmentation a formidable obstacle in the field of neuroscience. U-Net, with its computational intelligence and concise design, has lately been the go-to model for fixing medical picture segmentation issues. Problems with restricted local receptive fields, lost spatial information, and inadequate contextual information are still plaguing artificial intelligence. A convolutional neural network (CNN) and a Mel-spectrogram are the basis of this cough recognition technique. First, we combine the voice in a variety of intricate settings and improve the audio data. After that, we preprocess the data to make sure its length is consistent and create a Mel-spectrogram out of it. A novel model for brain tumor segmentation (BTS), Intelligence Cascade U-Net (ICU-Net), is proposed to address these issues. It is built on dynamic convolution and uses a non-local attention mechanism. In order to reconstruct more detailed spatial information on brain tumours, the principal design is a two-stage cascade of 3DU-Net. The paper's objective is to identify the best learnable parameters that will maximize the likelihood of the data. After the network's ability to gather long-distance dependencies for AI, Expectation-Maximization is applied to the cascade network's lateral connections, enabling it to leverage contextual data more effectively. Lastly, to enhance the network's ability to capture local characteristics, dynamic convolutions with local adaptive capabilities are used in place of the cascade network's standard convolutions. We compared our results to those of other typical methods and ran extensive testing utilising the publicly available BraTS 2019/2020 datasets. The suggested method performs well on tasks involving BTS, according to the experimental data. The Dice scores for tumor core (TC), complete tumor, and enhanced tumor segmentation BraTS 2019/2020 validation sets are 0.897/0.903, 0.826/0.828, and 0.781/0.786, respectively, indicating high performance in BTS."
7215,brain tumour,38633865,Dual regulation of osteosarcoma hypoxia microenvironment by a bioinspired oxygen nanogenerator for precise single-laser synergistic photodynamic/photothermal/induced antitumor immunity therapy.,"The hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) of osteosarcoma (OS) is the Achilles' heel of oxygen-dependent photodynamic therapy (PDT), and tremendous challenges are confronted to reverse the hypoxia. Herein, we proposed a ""reducing expenditure of O"
7216,brain tumour,38633778,An atlas of causal and mechanistic drivers of interpatient heterogeneity in glioma.,"Grade IV glioma, formerly known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal type of brain tumor, and its treatment remains challenging in part due to extensive interpatient heterogeneity in disease driving mechanisms and lack of prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Using mechanistic inference of node-edge relationship (MINER), we have analyzed multiomics profiles from 516 patients and constructed an atlas of causal and mechanistic drivers of interpatient heterogeneity in GBM (gbmMINER). The atlas has delineated how 30 driver mutations act in a combinatorial scheme to causally influence a network of regulators (306 transcription factors and 73 miRNAs) of 179 transcriptional ""programs"", influencing disease progression in patients across 23 disease states. Through extensive testing on independent patient cohorts, we share evidence that a machine learning model trained on activity profiles of programs within gbmMINER significantly augments risk stratification, identifying patients who are super-responders to standard of care and those that would benefit from 2 "
7217,brain tumour,38633088,"Optical signatures of thermal damage on ex-vivo brain, lung and heart tissues using time-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy.","Thermal therapies treat tumors by means of heat, greatly reducing pain, post-operation complications, and cost as compared to traditional methods. Yet, effective tools to avoid under- or over-treatment are mostly needed, to guide surgeons in laparoscopic interventions. In this work, we investigated the temperature-dependent optical signatures of ex-vivo calf brain, lung, and heart tissues based on the reduced scattering and absorption coefficients in the near-infrared spectral range (657 to 1107 nm). These spectra were measured by time domain diffuse optics, applying a step-like spatially homogeneous thermal treatment at 43 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C. We found three main increases in scattering spectra, possibly due to the denaturation of collagen, myosin, and the proteins' secondary structure. After 75 °C, we found the rise of two new peaks at 770 and 830 nm in the absorption spectra due to the formation of a new chromophore, possibly related to hemoglobin or myoglobin. This research marks a significant step forward in controlling thermal therapies with diffuse optical techniques by identifying several key markers of thermal damage. This could enhance the ability to monitor and adjust treatment in real-time, promising improved outcomes in tumor therapy."
7218,brain tumour,38633072,"Miniature, multi-dichroic instrument for measuring the concentration of multiple fluorophores.","Identification of tumour margins during resection of the brain is critical for improving the post-operative outcomes. Due to the highly infiltrative nature of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and limited intraoperative visualization of the tumour margin, incomplete surgical resection has been observed to occur in up to 80 % of GBM cases, leading to nearly universal tumour recurrence and overall poor prognosis of 14.6 months median survival. This research presents a miniaturized, SiPMT-based optical system for simultaneous measurement of powerful DRS and weak auto-fluorescence for brain tumour detection. The miniaturisation of the optical elements confined the spatial separation of eight select wavelengths into footprint measuring 1.5 × 2 × 16 mm. The small footprint enables this technology to be integrated with existing surgical guidance instruments in the operating room. It's dynamic ability to subtract any background illumination and measure signal intensities across a broad range from pW to mWs make this design much more suitable for clinical environments as compared to spectrometer-based systems with limited dynamic ranges and high integration times. Measurements using optical tissue phantoms containing mixed fluorophores demonstrate correlation coefficients between the fitted response and actual concentration using PLS regression being 0.95, 0.87 and 0.97 for NADH, FAD and PpIX , respectively. These promising results indicate that our proposed miniaturized instrument could serve as an effective alternative in operating rooms, assisting surgeons in identifying brain tumours to achieving positive surgical outcomes for patients."
7219,brain tumour,38633068,Deep learning-based vessel extraction in 3D confocal microscope images of cleared human glioma tissues.,"Comprehensive visualization and accurate extraction of tumor vasculature are essential to study the nature of glioma. Nowadays, tissue clearing technology enables 3D visualization of human glioma vasculature at micron resolution, but current vessel extraction schemes cannot well cope with the extraction of complex tumor vessels with high disruption and irregularity under realistic conditions. Here, we developed a framework, FineVess, based on deep learning to automatically extract glioma vessels in confocal microscope images of cleared human tumor tissues. In the framework, a customized deep learning network, named 3D ResCBAM nnU-Net, was designed to segment the vessels, and a novel pipeline based on preprocessing and post-processing was developed to refine the segmentation results automatically. On the basis of its application to a practical dataset, we showed that the FineVess enabled extraction of variable and incomplete vessels with high accuracy in challenging 3D images, better than other traditional and state-of-the-art schemes. For the extracted vessels, we calculated vascular morphological features including fractal dimension and vascular wall integrity of different tumor grades, and verified the vascular heterogeneity through quantitative analysis."
7220,brain tumour,38633066,Brain tumor grading diagnosis using transfer learning based on optical coherence tomography.,"In neurosurgery, accurately identifying brain tumor tissue is vital for reducing recurrence. Current imaging techniques have limitations, prompting the exploration of alternative methods. This study validated a binary hierarchical classification of brain tissues: normal tissue, primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), high-grade glioma (HGG), and low-grade glioma (LGG) using transfer learning. Tumor specimens were measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT), and a MobileNetV2 pre-trained model was employed for classification. Surgeons could optimize predictions based on experience. The model showed robust classification and promising clinical value. A dynamic t-SNE visualized its performance, offering a new approach to neurosurgical decision-making regarding brain tumors."
7221,brain tumour,38632686,"Magnetic Resonance Imaging Images Based Brain Tumor Extraction, Segmentation and Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network and VGC 16 Model.","In this paper, we look at how to design and build a system to find tumors using 2 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models. With the help of digital image processing and deep Learning, we can make a system that automatically diagnoses and finds different diseases and abnormalities. The tumor detection system may include image enhancement, segmentation, data enhancement, feature extraction, and classification. These options are set up so that the CNN model can give the best results."
7222,brain tumour,38632627,Microglia and macrophage metabolism: a regulator of cerebral gliomas.,"Reciprocal interactions between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and cancer cells play important roles in tumorigenesis and progression of glioma. Glioma-associated macrophages (GAMs), either of peripheral origin or representing brain-intrinsic microglia, are the majority population of infiltrating immune cells in glioma. GAMs, usually classified into M1 and M2 phenotypes, have remarkable plasticity and regulate tumor progression through different metabolic pathways. Recently, research efforts have increasingly focused on GAMs metabolism as potential targets for glioma therapy. This review aims to delineate the metabolic characteristics of GAMs within the TME and provide a summary of current therapeutic strategies targeting GAMs metabolism in glioma. The goal is to provide novel insights and therapeutic pathways for glioma by highlighting the significance of GAMs metabolism."
7223,brain tumour,38632533,Chronic hyperglycemia and intracranial meningiomas.,"Meningiomas are among the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system. Previous research into the meningioma histological appearance, genetic markers, transcriptome and epigenetic landscape has revealed that benign meningiomas significantly differ in their glucose metabolism compared to aggressive lesions. However, a correlation between the systemic glucose metabolism and the metabolism of the tumor hasn't yet been found. We hypothesized that chronic levels of glycaemia (approximated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)) are different in patients with aggressive and benign meningiomas. The study encompassed 71 patients with de novo intracranial meningiomas, operated on in three European hospitals, two in Croatia and one in Spain. Our results show that patients with WHO grade 2 meningiomas had significantly higher HbA1c values compared to patients with grade 1 lesions (P = 0.0290). We also found a significant number of patients (19/71; 26.7%) being hyperglycemic, harboring all the risks that such a condition entails. Finally, we found a significant correlation between our patients' age and their preoperative HbA1c levels (P = 0.0008, ρ(rho) = 0.388), suggesting that older meningioma patients are at a higher risk of having their glycaemia severely dysregulated. These findings are especially important considering the current routine and wide-spread use of corticosteroids as anti-edematous treatment. Further research in this area could lead to better understanding of meningiomas and have immediate clinical impact."
7224,brain tumour,38632473,Cellular geometry and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity intersect with PIEZO1 in breast cancer cells.,"Differences in shape can be a distinguishing feature between different cell types, but the shape of a cell can also be dynamic. Changes in cell shape are critical when cancer cells escape from the primary tumor and undergo major morphological changes that allow them to squeeze between endothelial cells, enter the vasculature, and metastasize to other areas of the body. A shift from rounded to spindly cellular geometry is a consequence of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity, which is also associated with changes in gene expression, increased invasiveness, and therapeutic resistance. However, the consequences and functional impacts of cell shape changes and the mechanisms through which they occur are still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that altering the morphology of a cell produces a remodeling of calcium influx via the ion channel PIEZO1 and identify PIEZO1 as an inducer of features of epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity. Combining automated epifluorescence microscopy and a genetically encoded calcium indicator, we demonstrate that activation of the PIEZO1 force channel with the PIEZO1 agonist, YODA 1, induces features of epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity in breast cancer cells. These findings suggest that PIEZO1 is a critical point of convergence between shape-induced changes in cellular signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in breast cancer cells."
7225,brain tumour,38632356,miR-124-3p and miR-194-5p regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway via ROR2 in medulloblastoma progression.,"Medulloblastoma (MB), a prevalent pediatric central nervous system tumor, is influenced by microRNAs (miRNAs) that impact tumor initiation and progression. However, the specific involvement of miRNAs in MB tumorigenesis remains unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified ROR2 expression in normal human fetal cerebellum. Subsequent analyses, including immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and Western blot, assessed ROR2 expression in MB tissues and cell lines. We investigated miR-124-3p and miR-194-5p and their regulatory role in ROR2 expression through the dual-luciferase reporter, qRT-PCR, and western blot assays. Mechanistic insights were gained through functional assays exploring the impact of miR-124-3p, miR-194-5p, and ROR2 on MB growth in vitro and in vivo. We observed significantly reduced miR-124-3p and miR-194-5p expression and elevated ROR2 expression in MB tissues and cell lines. High ROR2 expression inversely correlated with overall survival in WNT and SHH subgroups of MB patients. Functionally, overexpressing miR-124-3p and miR-194-5p and inhibiting ROR2 suppressed in vitro malignant transformation and in vivo tumorigenicity. Mechanistically, miR-124-3p and miR-194-5p synergistically regulated the ROR2/PI3K/Akt pathway, influencing MB progression. Our findings indicate that miR-124-3p and miR-194-5p function as tumor suppressors, inhibiting MB progression via the ROR2/PI3K/Akt axis, suggesting a key mechanism and therapeutic targets for MB patients."
7226,brain tumour,38632163,New insights into the vitamin D/PTH axis in endocrine-driven metabolic bone diseases.,"Endocrine regulation of bone metabolisms is the focus of the ""Skeletal Endocrinology"" series of meetings."
7227,brain tumour,38632142,Survival Analysis of Patients Undergoing Intraoperative Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound in the Surgical Treatment of Malignant Glioma.,Complete resection of malignant gliomas is often challenging. Our previous study indicated that intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (ICEUS) could aid in the detection of residual tumor remnants and the total removal of brain lesions. This study aimed to investigate the survival rates of patients undergoing resection with or without the use of ICEUS and to assess the impact of ICEUS on the prognosis of patients with malignant glioma.
7228,brain tumour,38632055,2-Step-Scores with optional nephropathology for the prediction of adverse outcomes for brain-dead donor kidneys in Eurotransplant.,"The decision for acceptance or discard of the increasingly rare and marginal brain-dead donor kidneys in Eurotransplant (ET) countries has to be made without solid evidence. Thus, we developed and validated flexible clinicopathological scores called 2-Step Scores for the prognosis of delayed graft function (DGF) and one-year death-censored transplant loss (1y-tl) reflecting the current practice of six ET countries including Croatia and Belgium."
7229,brain tumour,38631750,Gray Matters: Managing Locally Advanced Skin Cancer Near the Brain.,No abstract found
7230,brain tumour,38631651,Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) channels act as suppressors of the growth of glioma.,"The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and function of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in glioma. We found that the expression of TRPV1 mRNA and protein were upregulated in glioma compared with normal brain by qPCR and western blot analysis. In order to investigate the function of TRPV1 in glioma, short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and the inhibitor of TRPV1 were used. In vitro, the activation of TRPV1 induced cell apoptosis with decreased migration capability and inhibited proliferation, which was abolished upon TRPV1 pharmacological inhibition and silencing. Mechanistically, TRPV1 modulated glioma proliferation through the protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. More importantly, in immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) mouse xenograft models, tumor size was significantly increased when TRPV1 expression was disrupted by a shRNA knockdown approach in vivo. Altogether, our findings indicate that TRPV1 negatively controls glioma cell proliferation in an Akt-dependent manner, which suggests that targeting TRPV1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for glioma."
7231,brain tumour,38631545,Identification and immunological characteristics of anoikis-associated molecular clusters in lung adenocarcinoma.,"Anoikis plays a crucial role in the progression, prognosis, and immune response of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, its specific impact on LUAD remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the intricate interplay of nesting apoptotic factors in LUAD. By analyzing nine key nesting apoptotic factors, we categorized LUAD patients into two distinct clusters. Further examination of immune cell profiles revealed that Cluster A exhibited greater infiltration of innate immune cells than did Cluster B. Additionally, we identified two genes closely associated with prognosis and developed a predictive model to differentiate patients based on molecular clusters. Our findings suggest that the loss of specific anoikis-related genes could significantly influence the prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and clinical features of LUAD patients. Furthermore, we validated the expression and functional roles of two pivotal prognostic genes, solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1) and sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), in regulating tumor cell viability, migration, apoptosis, and anoikis. These results offer valuable insights for future mechanistic investigations. In conclusion, this study provides new avenues for advancing our understanding of LUAD, improving prognostic assessments, and developing more effective immunotherapy strategies."
7232,brain tumour,38631354,Three recent breakthroughs in CAR T cells for the treatment of glioblastoma: Is it the light at the end of the tunnel?,No abstract found
7233,brain tumour,38631221,Relationship between chemokine/chemokine receptor and glioma prognosis and outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Glioma is a primary tumor originating from the central nervous system, and despite ongoing efforts to improve treatment, its overall survival rate remains low. There are a limited number of reports regarding the clinical grading, prognostic impact, and utility of chemokines. Therefore, conducting a meta-analysis is necessary to obtain convincing and conclusive results."
7234,brain tumour,38631135,"Molecular characterization and survival analysis of a cohort of glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype.","Glioblastoma, IDH-wild type, the most common malignant primary central nervous system tumor, represents a formidable challenge in clinical management due to its poor prognosis and limited therapeutic responses. With an evolving understanding of its underlying biology, there is an urgent need to identify prognostic molecular groups that can be subject to targeted therapy. This study established a cohort of 124 sequential glioblastomas from a tertiary hospital and aimed to find correlations between molecular features and survival outcomes. Comprehensive molecular characterization of the cohort revealed prevalent alterations as previously described, such as TERT promoter mutations and involvement of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR, CK4/6-CDKN2A/B-RB1, and p14ARF-MDM2-MDM4-p53 pathways. MGMT promoter methylation is a significant predictor of improved overall survival, aligned with previous data. Conversely, age showed a marginal association with higher mortality. Multivariate analysis to account for the effect of MGMT promoter methylation and age showed that, in contrast to other published series, this cohort demonstrated improved survival for tumors harboring PTEN mutations, and that there was no observed difference for most other molecular alterations, including EGFR amplification, RB1 loss, or the coexistence of EGFR amplification and deletion/exon skipping (EGFRvIII). Despite limitations in sample size, this study contributes data to the molecular landscape of glioblastomas, prompting further investigations to examine these findings more closely in larger cohorts."
7235,brain tumour,38630978,Immunogenic Material Vaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy by Structure-Dependent Immune Cell Trafficking and Modulation.,"Inherently immunogenic materials offer enormous prospects in enhancing vaccine efficacy. However, the understanding and improving material adjuvanticity remain elusive. Herein how the structural presentation of immunopotentiators in a material governs the dynamic dialogue between innate and adaptive immunity for enhanced cancer vaccination is reported. The immunopotentiator manganese into six differing structures that resemble the architectures of two types of pathogens (spherical viruses or rod-like bacteria) is precisely manipulated. The results reveal that innate immune cells accurately sense and respond to the architectures, of which two outperformed material candidates (151 nm hollow spheres and hollow microrods with an aspect ratio of 4.5) show higher competence in creating local proinflammatory environment with promoted innate immune cell influx and stimulation on dendritic cells (DCs). In combination with viral peptides, model proteins, or cell lysate antigens, the outperformed microrod material remarkably primes antigen-specific CD8 cytolytic T cells. In prophylactic and therapeutic regimens, the microrod adjuvanted vaccines display optimal aptitude in tumor suppression in four aggressive murine tumor models, by promoting the infiltration of heterogeneous cytolytic effector cells while decreasing suppressive immunoregulatory populations in tumors. This study demonstrates that a rationally selected architecture of immunogenic materials potentially advances the clinical reality of cancer vaccination."
7236,brain tumour,38630618,Genetics of immune response to Epstein-Barr virus: prospects for multiple sclerosis pathogenesis.,"Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been advocated as a prerequisite for developing multiple sclerosis (MS) and possibly the propagation of the disease. However, the precise mechanisms for such influences are still unclear. A large-scale study investigating the host genetics of EBV serology and related clinical manifestations, such as infectious mononucleosis (IM), may help us better understand the role of EBV in MS pathogenesis. This study evaluates the host genetic factors that influence serological response against EBV and history of IM and cross-evaluates them with MS risk and genetic susceptibility in the Swedish population. Plasma IgG antibody levels against EBV nuclear antigen-1 [EBNA-1, truncated = amino acids (aa) (325-641), peptide = aa(385-420)] and viral capsid antigen p18 (VCAp18) were measured using bead-based multiplex serology for 8744 MS cases and 7229 population-matched control subjects. The MS risk association for high/low EBV antibody levels and history of IM was compared to relevant clinical measures along with sex, age at sampling, and associated HLA allele variants. Genome-wide and HLA allele association analyses were also performed to identify genetic risk factors for EBV antibody response and IM history. Higher antibody levels against VCAp18 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.60-1.88] and EBNA-1, particularly the peptide (OR = 3.13, 95% CI = 2.93-3.35), were associated with an increased risk for MS. The risk increased with higher anti-EBNA-1 IgG levels up to 12× the reference risk. We also identified several independent HLA haplotypes associated with EBV serology overlapping with known MS risk alleles (e.g. DRB1*15:01). Although there were several candidates, no variants outside the HLA region reached genome-wide significance. Cumulative HLA risk for anti-EBNA-1 IgG levels, particularly the peptide fragment, was strongly associated with MS. In contrast, the genetic risk for high anti-VCAp18 IgG levels was not as strongly associated with MS risk. IM history was not associated with class II HLA genes but negatively associated with A*02:01, which is protective against MS. Our findings emphasize that the risk association between anti-EBNA-1 IgG levels and MS may be partly due to overlapping HLA associations. Additionally, the increasing MS risk with increasing anti-EBNA-1 levels would be consistent with a pathogenic role of the EBNA-1 immune response, perhaps through molecular mimicry. Given that high anti-EBNA-1 antibodies may reflect a poorly controlled T-cell defence against the virus, our findings would be consistent with DRB1*15:01 being a poor class II antigen in the immune defence against EBV. Last, the difference in genetic control of IM supports the independent roles of EBNA-1 and IM in MS susceptibility."
7237,brain tumour,38630553,A Cohort Study of CNS Tumors in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1.,"Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is thought to increase the risk of meningioma and ependymoma. Thus, we aimed to describe the frequency, incidence, and specific clinical and histological features of central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the MEN1 population (except pituitary tumors)."
7238,brain tumour,38630388,National trends in the treatment of adult diffuse midline gliomas: a rare clinical scenario.,"Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) include all midline gliomas with a point mutation to the histone H3 gene resulting in the substitution of a lysine with a methionine (K27M). These tumors are classified as World Health Organization grade 4 with a mean survival between 9- and 19-months following diagnosis. There is currently no standard of care for DMG, and palliative radiation therapy has been proven to only extend survival by months. Our current study aims to report current treatment trends and predictors of the overall survival of DMG."
7239,brain tumour,38630387,Neuroradiological features of patients with bilateral macronodular adrenocortical disease and meningiomas associated or not with genetic variants of ARMC5- a case series.,"Meningiomas are the most common primary brain and central nervous system tumors, accounting for approximately 40% of these tumors. The most important exams for the radiological study of meningiomas are computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We aimed to analyze the radiological features of patients with meningioma related to the simultaneous presence of bilateral macronodular adrenocortical disease (BMAD), with or without pathogenic variants of ARMC5."
7240,brain tumour,38630386,Improved outcomes for triple negative breast cancer brain metastases patients after stereotactic radiosurgery and new systemic approaches.,"Although ongoing studies are assessing the efficacy of new systemic therapies for patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), the overwhelming majority have excluded patients with brain metastases (BM). Therefore, we aim to characterize systemic therapies and outcomes in a cohort of patients with TNBC and BM managed with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and delineate predictors of increased survival."
7241,brain tumour,38630385,Exploring management and outcomes of elderly patients with glioblastoma using data from two randomised trials (GEINO1401/EX-TEM).,"The impact of age on optimal management of glioblastoma remains unclear. A recent combined analysis of two randomised trials, GEINO14-01 and EX-TEM, found no benefit from extending post-radiation temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Here, we explore the impact of age."
7242,brain tumour,38630384,Rebound growth of BRAF mutant pediatric glioma cells after MAPKi withdrawal is associated with MAPK reactivation and secretion of microglia-recruiting cytokines.,"Patients with pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs), the most common primary brain tumors in children, can often benefit from MAPK inhibitor (MAPKi) treatment. However, rapid tumor regrowth, also referred to as rebound growth, may occur once treatment is stopped, constituting a significant clinical challenge."
7243,brain tumour,38630267,Bibliometric analysis of emerging trends and research foci in brainstem tumor field over 30 years (1992-2023).,"Over the past several decades, numerous articles have been published on brainstem tumors. However, there has been limited bibliometric analysis in this field. Therefore, we conducted a bibliometric analysis to elucidate the evolution and current status of brainstem tumor research."
7244,brain tumour,38630265,Expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to assess the potential of adoptive cell therapy.,"Adoptive transfer of in vitro expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been effective in regressing several types of malignant tumors. This study assessed the yield and factors influencing the successful expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), along with their immune phenotypes."
7245,brain tumour,38630220,Mouse Brain Tissue Preparation for Scanning Electron Microscopy.,"Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to observe the surface structure of an object by irradiating an electron beam onto the sample and detecting the reflected and emitted electrons. Because of its large depth of focus, SEM can provide the three-dimensional structure of small surfaces that cannot be observed using an optical microscope. Furthermore, the cross-sectional structure of the tissue can be observed by freeze-cracking. Observing the ultrastructure of organisms that contain large amounts of water in their bodies while maintaining high resolution is challenging; however, this has recently become possible. Here, we explain the fixation and freeze-cracking method for mouse brain samples."
7246,brain tumour,38630217,Immunohistochemistry of Brain Tissues.,"Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the basis of histological or pathological analysis and is widely used to enable the detection and characterization of proteins in various organ tissues, including brain tissues. IHC is commonly performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues because of their easy storage and versatility. IHC is a key method for providing more accurate analysis of localization and function of neurons, neuroendocrine cells, and neural stem cells in the brain and other nervous systems. The related cells such as glial cells and neurovascular units have also been analyzed by IHC. Visualization of antibody-antigen interactions can be performed primarily in one of the following ways: chromogenically stained IHC and fluorescently stained IHC. In chromogenically stained IHC, an antibody is chemically conjugated to an enzyme, such as peroxidase, that can be reacted with a suitable substrate to give a colored product. In fluorescently stained IHC, the antibodies are finally tagged with fluorescent chemicals such as fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) or rhodamine. Here, we describe the standard methods of IHC applied to brain slice sections. Furthermore, an automated immunostainer is presented as another option for standardized immunohistochemistry."
7247,brain tumour,38630216,In Situ Hybridization of Brain Slices.,"In situ hybridization (ISH) is an important technique for identifying gene expression at the cellular level in various organs, including brain slices. This approach hybridizes nucleic acid probes to cellular mRNA, allowing the detection of transcriptional products. Recent advances have enabled RNA preservation in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, making ISH applicable to brain tumor diagnosis and research. Here, we provide a concise overview of the standard application of chromogenic ISH in neuroscience research and neuropathology practice using FFPE blocks of brain slice sections."
7248,brain tumour,38629735,Overcoming the Blood-Brain Tumor Barrier with Docetaxel-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Treatment of Temozolomide-Resistant Glioblastoma.,"While temozolomide (TMZ) has been a cornerstone in the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM), a significant challenge has been the emergence of resistance to TMZ, which compromises its clinical benefits. Additionally, the nonspecificity of TMZ can lead to detrimental side effects. Although TMZ is capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), our research addresses the need for targeted therapy to circumvent resistance mechanisms and reduce off-target effects. This study introduces the use of PEGylated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) with octyl group modifications (C8-MSN) as a nanocarrier system for the delivery of docetaxel (DTX), providing a novel approach for treating TMZ-resistant GBM. Our findings reveal that C8-MSN is biocompatible in vitro, and DTX@C8-MSN shows no hemolytic activity at therapeutic concentrations, maintaining efficacy against GBM cells. Crucially, in vivo imaging demonstrates preferential accumulation of C8-MSN within the tumor region, suggesting enhanced permeability across the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB). When administered to orthotopic glioma mouse models, DTX@C8-MSN notably prolongs survival by over 50%, significantly reduces tumor volume, and decreases side effects compared to free DTX, indicating a targeted and effective approach to treatment. The apoptotic pathways activated by DTX@C8-MSN, evidenced by the increased levels of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP, point to a potent therapeutic mechanism. Collectively, the results advocate DTX@C8-MSN as a promising candidate for targeted therapy in TMZ-resistant GBM, optimizing drug delivery and bioavailability to overcome current therapeutic limitations."
7249,brain tumour,38629493,Vincamine alleviates brain injury by attenuating neuroinflammation and oxidative damage in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease through the NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways.,"Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease featured by progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, the etiology of which is associated with the existence of neuroinflammatory response and oxidative stress. Vincamine is an indole alkaloid that was reported to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in many central and/or peripheral diseases. Nevertheless, the specific role of vincamine in PD development remains unknown. In our study, dopaminergic neuron loss was determined through immunohistochemistry staining and western blot analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the substantia nigra (SN) of PD mice. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) levels were detected through DHE staining and commercially available kits to assess oxidative stress. Pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) levels in the SN were measured via RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. Microglial and astrocyte activation was examined through immunofluorescence staining of Iba-1 (microglia marker) and GFAP (astrocyte marker) in the SN. The regulation of vincamine on the NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway was estimated through western blot analysis. Our results showed that vincamine treatment decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA and protein levels, reduced GFAP and Iba-1 expression, decreased ROS production and MDA level, and increased SOD activity and GSH level in the SN of PD mice. Mechanically, vincamine repressed the phosphorylation levels of p65, IKKβ, and IκBα but enhanced the protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 in PD mice. Collectively, vincamine plays a neuroprotective role in PD mouse models by alleviating neuroinflammation and oxidative damage via suppressing the NF-κB pathway and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway."
7250,brain tumour,38629425,Benzo[a]pyrene promotes an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process in MCF10A cells and mammary tumor growth and brain metastasis in female mice.,"Breast cancer is the most frequent neoplasia in developed countries and the leading cause of death in women worldwide. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process through which epithelial cells decrease or lose their epithelial characteristics and gain mesenchymal properties. EMT mediates tumor progression, because tumor cells acquire the capacity to execute the multiple steps of invasion and metastasis. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is an environmental organic pollutant generated during the burning of fossil fuels, wood, and other organic materials. B[a]P exposition increases the incidence of breast cancer, and induces migration and/or invasion in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. However, the role of B[a]P in the induction of an EMT process and metastasis of mammary carcinoma cells has not been studied in detail. In this study, we demonstrate that B[a]P induces an EMT process in MCF10A mammary non-tumorigenic epithelial cells. In addition, B[a]P promotes the formation of larger tumors in Balb/cJ mice inoculated with 4T1 cells than in untreated mice and treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). B[a]P also increases the number of mice with metastasis to brain and the total number of brain metastatic nodules in Balb/cJ mice inoculated with 4T1 cells compared with untreated mice and treated with DMSO. In conclusion, B[a]P induces an EMT process in MCF10A cells and the growth of mammary tumors and metastasis to brain in Balb/cJ mice inoculated with 4T1 cells."
7251,brain tumour,38629068,TGIF2 is a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of glioma.,"TGFB-induced factor homeobox 2 (TGIF2), a member of the Three-Amino-acid-Loop-Extension (TALE) superfamily, has been implicated in various malignant tumors. However, its prognostic significance in glioma, impact on tumor immune infiltration, and underlying mechanisms in glioma development remain elusive."
7252,brain tumour,38628893,Grading of Gliomas by Contrast-Enhanced CT Radiomics Features.,"Gliomas, as Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors, are greatly common with 80% of malignancy. Treatment methods for gliomas, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy depend on the grade, size, location, and the patient's age."
7253,brain tumour,38628831,Probable Neuropsychological and Cognitive Complications Due to Cytokine Storm in Patients With COVID-19.,"COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) was first identified in China in December 2019 and is rapidly spreading worldwide as a pandemic. Since COVID-19 causes mild to severe acute respiratory syndrome, most studies in this context have focused on pathogenesis primarily in the respiratory system. However, evidence shows that the central nervous system (CNS) may also be affected by COVID-19. Since COVID-19 is spreading, it is necessary to study its possible cognitive effects on COVID-19 patients and their recovery."
7254,brain tumour,38628594,Helical tomotherapy craniospinal irradiation in primary brain tumours: Toxicities and outcomes in a peadiatric and adult population.,"As craniospinal irradiation (CSI) is delivered more frequently by helical tomotherapy (HT) with few reports about late effects, we analysed all patients treated in our centre over an 11-year period."
7255,brain tumour,38628582,Double pituitary adenomas: report of two cases and systematic review of the literature.,"Double pituitary adenomas (DPA) are a rare clinical condition, and our knowledge of them is limited. Missing the second lesion leading to incomplete biochemical remission after surgery is an important challenge in DPA management. This study aims to analyze independent prognostic factors in DPA patients and summarize clinical experiences to prevent surgical failure."
7256,brain tumour,38628526,Rare vermian pilocytic astrocytoma with recurrent spontaneous hemorrhage in the elderly: A case report and review of literature.,"Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is a benign glial tumor predominately seen in pediatrics and early adolescence with associated overall good outcomes. Very few cases of elderly PA have been reported in the literature, and they are known to display unique anatomic, histologic, and genetic peculiarities distinct from pediatric disease. We report a rare case of vermian PA in an octogenarian with recurrent spontaneous intratumoral hemorrhage as a presenting symptom. Furthermore, a review of the literature on the peculiarities of PA in the elderly will be discussed."
7257,brain tumour,38628522,Primary extranodal marginal zone mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type B-cell lymphoma involving the dura: A case report.,"Primary extranodal marginal zone mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type B-cell lymphoma (EMZMBCL), which presents as a dural mass, is a rare intracranial tumor that mimics a subdural hematoma or meningioma."
7258,brain tumour,38628515,Analysis of prognostic factors and the role of epilepsy in neurosurgical patients with brain metastases.,Brain metastases (BMs) represent the most frequent brain tumors in adults. The identification of key prognostic factors is essential for choosing the therapeutic strategy tailored to each patient. Epilepsy can precede several months of other clinical presentations of BMs. This work aimed to study the impact of epilepsy and other prognostic factors on BMs patients' survival.
7259,brain tumour,38628133,Optic pathway gliomas: Long-term outcomes and challenges.,No abstract found
7260,brain tumour,38627950,Emerging paradigms in cancer cell plasticity.,"Cancer cells metastasize to distant organs by altering their characteristics within the tumor microenvironment (TME) to effectively overcome challenges during the multistep tumorigenesis. Plasticity endows cancer cell with the capacity to shift between different morphological states to invade, disseminate, and seed metastasis. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a theory derived from tissue biopsy, which explains the acquisition of EMT transcription factors (TFs) that convey mesenchymal features during cancer migration and invasion. On the other hand, adherent-to-suspension transition (AST) is an emerging theory derived from liquid biopsy, which describes the acquisition of hematopoietic features by AST-TFs that reprograms anchorage dependency during the dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The induction and plasticity of EMT and AST dynamically reprogram cell-cell interaction and cell-matrix interaction during cancer dissemination and colonization. Here, we review the mechanisms governing cellular plasticity of AST and EMT during the metastatic cascade and discuss therapeutic challenges posed by these two morphological adaptations to provide insights for establishing new therapeutic interventions. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(6): 273-280]."
7261,brain tumour,38627876,Summary of Key Points of the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) 2.0.,No abstract found
7262,brain tumour,38627815,Inhibition of autophagy-related protein 7 enhances anti-tumor immune response and improves efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in microsatellite instability colorectal cancer.,"The efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy is primarily hindered by the limited T-cell immune response rate and immune evasion capacity of tumor cells. Autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7) plays an important role in autophagy and it has been linked to cancer. However, the role of ATG7 in the effect of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment on high microsatellite instability (MSI-H)/mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) CRC is still poorly understood."
7263,brain tumour,38627607,FGFR4-driven plasticity in breast cancer progression and resistance to therapy.,"Breast cancer (BCa) is a complex and heterogeneous disease, with different intrinsic molecular subtypes that have distinct clinical outcomes and responses to therapy. Although intrinsic subtyping provides guidance for treatment decisions, it is now widely recognised that, in some cases, the switch of the BCa intrinsic subtype (which embodies cellular plasticity), may be responsible for therapy failure and disease progression. Aberrant FGFR4 signalling has been implicated in various cancers, including BCa, where it had been shown to be associated with aggressive subtypes, such as HER2-enriched BCa, and poor prognosis. More importantly, FGFR4 is also emerging as a potential driver of BCa intrinsic subtype switching, and an essential promoter of brain metastases, particularly in the HER2-positive BCa. Although the available data are still limited, the findings may have far-reaching clinical implications. Here, we provide an updated summary of the existing both pre- and clinical studies of the role of FGFR4 in BCa, with a special focus on its contribution to subtype switching during metastatic spread and/or induced by therapy. We also discuss a potential clinical benefit of targeting FGFR4 in the development of new treatment strategies."
7264,brain tumour,38627421,Exploring fetal brain tumor glioblastoma symptom verification with self organizing maps and vulnerability data analysis.,"Brain tumor glioblastoma is a disease that is caused for a child who has abnormal cells in the brain, which is found using MRI ""Magnetic Resonance Imaging"" brain image using a powerful magnetic field, radio waves, and a computer to produce detailed images of the body's internal structures it is a standard diagnostic tool for a wide range of medical conditions, from detecting brain and spinal cord injuries to identifying tumors and also in evaluating joint problems. This is treatable, and by enabling the factor for happening, the factor for dissolving the dead tissues. If the brain tumor glioblastoma is untreated, the child will go to death; to avoid this, the child has to treat the brain problem using the scan of MRI images. Using the neural network, brain-related difficulties have to be resolved. It is identified to make the diagnosis of glioblastoma. This research deals with the techniques of max rationalizing and min rationalizing images, and the method of boosted division time attribute extraction has been involved in diagnosing glioblastoma. The process of maximum and min rationalization is used to recognize the Brain tumor glioblastoma in the brain images for treatment efficiency. The image segment is created for image recognition. The method of boosted division time attribute extraction is used in image recognition with the help of MRI for image extraction. The proposed boosted division time attribute extraction method helps to recognize the fetal images and find Brain tumor glioblastoma with feasible accuracy using image rationalization against the brain tumor glioblastoma diagnosis. In addition, 45% of adults are affected by the tumor, 40% of children and 5% are in death situations. To reduce this ratio, in this study, the Brain tumor glioblastoma is identified and segmented to recognize the fetal images and find the Brain tumor glioblastoma diagnosis. Then the tumor grades were analyzed using the efficient method for the imaging MRI with the diagnosis result of partially high. The accuracy of the proposed TAE-PIS system is 98.12% which is higher when compared to other methods like Genetic algorithm, Convolution neural network, fuzzy-based minimum and maximum neural network and kernel-based support vector machine respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed method archives rate of 98.12% accuracy with low response time and compared with the Genetic algorithm (GA), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), fuzzy-based minimum and maximum neural network (Fuzzy min-max NN), and kernel-based support vector machine. Specifically, the proposed method achieves a substantial improvement of 80.82%, 82.13%, 85.61%, and 87.03% compared to GA, CNN, Fuzzy min-max NN, and kernel-based support vector machine, respectively."
7265,brain tumour,38627382,Therapeutic role of PTEN in tissue regeneration for management of neurological disorders: stem cell behaviors to an in-depth review.,"Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) represents the initial tumor suppressor gene identified to possess phosphatase activity, governing various cellular processes including cell cycle regulation, migration, metabolic pathways, autophagy, oxidative stress response, and cellular senescence. Current evidence suggests that PTEN is critical for stem cell maintenance, self-renewal, migration, lineage commitment, and differentiation. Based on the latest available evidence, we provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms by which PTEN regulates activities of different stem cell populations and influences neurological disorders, encompassing autism, stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This review aims to elucidate the therapeutic impacts and mechanisms of PTEN in relation to neurogenesis or the stem cell niche across a range of neurological disorders, offering a foundation for innovative therapeutic approaches aimed at tissue repair and regeneration in neurological disorders. This review unravels novel therapeutic strategies for tissue restoration and regeneration in neurological disorders based on the regulatory mechanisms of PTEN on neurogenesis and the stem cell niche."
7266,brain tumour,38627290,Medical image foundation models in assisting diagnosis of brain tumors: a pilot study.,To build self-supervised foundation models for multicontrast MRI of the whole brain and evaluate their efficacy in assisting diagnosis of brain tumors.
7267,brain tumour,38627262,"Functional expression of the proton sensors ASIC1a, TMEM206, and OGR1 together with BK","Fast growing solid tumors are frequently surrounded by an acidic microenvironment. Tumor cells employ a variety of mechanisms to survive and proliferate under these harsh conditions. In that regard, acid-sensitive membrane receptors constitute a particularly interesting target, since they can affect cellular functions through ion flow and second messenger cascades. Our knowledge of these processes remains sparse, however, especially regarding medulloblastoma, the most common pediatric CNS malignancy. In this study, using RT-qPCR, whole-cell patch clamp, and Ca"
7268,brain tumour,38626476,Letter to the Editor. New insights of MRgLITT: a first-line treatment?,No abstract found
7269,brain tumour,38626474,Improvement of diffusion tensor imaging-based tractography by free-water correction in nonedematous gliomas: assessment with brain mapping.,"The free-water correction algorithm (Freewater Estimator Using Interpolated Initialization [FERNET]) can be applied to standard diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography to improve visualization of subcortical bundles in the peritumoral area of highly edematous brain tumors. Interest in its use for presurgical planning in purely infiltrative gliomas without peritumoral edema has never been evaluated. Using subcortical maps obtained with direct electrostimulation (DES) in awake surgery as a reference standard, the authors sought to 1) assess the accuracy of preoperative DTI-based tractography with FERNET in a series of nonedematous glioma patients, and 2) determine its potential usefulness in presurgical planning."
7270,brain tumour,38626472,Superior eyelid transorbital approaches: a modular classification system.,No abstract found
7271,brain tumour,38626338,Enhancing Glioblastoma Immunotherapy with Integrated Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells through the Re-Education of Tumor-Associated Microglia and Macrophages.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer that is highly resistant to treatment including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells. Tumor-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs) are major contributors to the immunosuppressive GBM microenvironment, which promotes tumor progression and treatment resistance. Hence, the modulation of TAMs is a promising strategy for improving the immunotherapeutic efficacy of CAR-T cells against GBM. Molecularly targeting drug pexidartinib (PLX) has been reported to re-educate TAMs toward the antitumorigenic M1-like phenotype. Here, we developed a cell-drug integrated technology to reversibly conjugate PLX-containing liposomes (PLX-Lip) to CAR-T cells and establish tumor-responsive integrated CAR-T cells (PLX-Lip/AZO-T cells) as a combination therapy for GBM. We used a mouse model of GBM to show that PLX-Lip was stably maintained on the surface of PLX-Lip/AZO-T cells in circulation and these cells could transmigrate across the blood-brain barrier and deposit PLX-Lip at the tumor site. The uptake of PLX-Lip by TAMs effectively re-educated them into the M1-like phenotype, which in turn boosted the antitumor function of CAR-T cells. GBM tumor growth was completely eradicated in 60% of the mice after receiving PLX-Lip/AZO-T cells and extended their overall survival time beyond 50 days; in comparison, the median survival time of mice in other treatment groups did not exceed 35 days. Overall, we demonstrated the successful fusion of CAR-T cells and small-molecule drugs with the cell-drug integrated technology. These integrated CAR-T cells provided a superior combination strategy for GBM treatment and presented a reference for the construction of integrated cell-based drugs."
7272,brain tumour,38626263,Palmitoylation of KSHV pORF55 is required for Golgi localization and efficient progeny virion production.,"Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a double-stranded DNA virus etiologically associated with multiple malignancies. Both latency and sporadic lytic reactivation contribute to KSHV-associated malignancies, however, the specific roles of many KSHV lytic gene products in KSHV replication remain elusive. In this study, we report that ablation of ORF55, a late gene encoding a tegument protein, does not impact KSHV lytic reactivation but significantly reduces the production of progeny virions. We found that cysteine 10 and 11 (C10 and C11) of pORF55 are palmitoylated, and the palmytoilation is essential for its Golgi localization and secondary envelope formation. Palmitoylation-defective pORF55 mutants are unstable and undergo proteasomal degradation. Notably, introduction of a putative Golgi localization sequence to these palmitoylation-defective pORF55 mutants restores Golgi localization and fully reinstates KSHV progeny virion production. Together, our study provides new insight into the critical role of pORF55 palmitoylation in KSHV progeny virion production and offers potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of related malignancies."
7273,brain tumour,38625616,Topographical distribution and prevalence of basal duct-like recess sign in a cohort of Papillary Craniopharyngioma-novel findings and implications.,Basal duct-like recess (DR) sign serves as a specific marker of papillary craniopharyngiomas (PCPs) of the strictly third-ventricular (3 V) topography. Origins of this sign are poorly understood with limited validation in external cohorts.
7274,brain tumour,38625588,Laser interstitial thermal therapy for recurrent glioblastomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"We aim to investigate the efficacy and safety of laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) in treating recurrent glioblastomas (rGBMs). A comprehensive search was conducted in four databases to identify studies published between January 2001 and June 2022 that reported prognosis information of rGBM patients treated with LITT as the primary therapy. The primary outcomes of interest were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) at 6 and 12 months after LITT intervention. Adverse events and complications were also evaluated. Eight eligible non-comparative studies comprising 128 patients were included in the analysis. Seven studies involving 120 patients provided data for the analysis of PFS. The pooled PFS rate at 6 months after LITT was 25% (95% CI 15-37%, I"
7275,brain tumour,38625548,Functional and oncological outcomes after right hemisphere glioma resection in awake versus asleep patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"The right hemisphere has been underestimated by being considered as the non-dominant hemisphere. However, it is involved in many functions, including movement, language, cognition, and emotion. Therefore, because lesions on this side are usually not resected under awake mapping, there is a risk of unfavorable neurological outcomes. The goal of this study is to compare the functional and oncological outcomes of awake surgery (AwS) versus surgery under general anesthesia (GA) in supratentorial right-sided gliomas. A systematic review of the literature according to PRISMA guidelines was performed up to March 2023. Four databases were screened. Primary outcome to assess was return to work (RTW). Secondary outcomes included the rate of postoperative neurological deficit, postoperative Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score and the extent of resection (EOR). A total of 32 articles were included with 543 patients who underwent right hemisphere tumor resection under awake surgery and 294 under general anesthesia. There were no significant differences between groups regarding age, gender, handedness, perioperative KPS, tumor location or preoperative seizures. Preoperative and long-term postoperative neurological deficits were statistically lower after AwS (p = 0.03 and p < 0.01, respectively), even though no difference was found regarding early postoperative course (p = 0.32). A subsequent analysis regarding type of postoperative impairment was performed. Severe postoperative language deficits were not different (p = 0.74), but there were fewer long-term mild motor and high-order cognitive deficits (p < 0.05) in AwS group. A higher rate of RTW (p < 0.05) was documented after AwS. The EOR was similar in both groups. Glioma resection of the right hemisphere under awake mapping is a safer procedure with a better preservation of high-order cognitive functions and a higher rate of RTW than resection under general anesthesia, despite similar EOR."
7276,brain tumour,38624009,Positron emission tomography-computed tomography vs. brain magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of cerebral metastases of melanoma: a 5-year retrospective study.,"Patients with melanoma present a high risk of developing extracutaneous metastases. Positron emission tomography--computed tomography (PET-CT) is one of the preferred examinations for the staging of oncological patients. It is not the method of choice to detect brain metastases, but this technique has shown significant improvement and allows the detection of some of them. However, it is unclear how it performs compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the current gold standard for diagnosing brain metastases."
7277,brain tumour,38623899,Highly-accelerated CEST MRI using frequency-offset-dependent k-space sampling and deep-learning reconstruction.,To develop a highly accelerated CEST Z-spectral acquisition method using a specifically-designed k-space sampling pattern and corresponding deep-learning-based reconstruction.
7278,brain tumour,38623766,Granulocyte- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Reverses Immunosuppression Acutely Following a Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhage Polytrauma in a Juvenile Male Rat Model.,"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children. We have previously shown that TBI with a concurrent extracranial injury reliably leads to post-injury suppression of the innate and adaptive immune systems. In patients with post-injury immune suppression, if immune function could be preserved, this might represent a therapeutic opportunity. As such, we examined, in an animal injury model, whether systemic administration of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) could reverse post-injury immune suppression and whether treatment was associated with neuroinflammation or functional deficit. Prepubescent male rats were injured using a controlled cortical impact model and then subjected to removal of 25% blood volume (TBI/H). Sham animals underwent surgery without injury induction, and the treatment groups were sham and injured animals treated with either saline vehicle or 50 μg/kg GM-CSF. GM-CSF was administered following injury and then daily until sacrifice at post-injury day (PID) 7. Immune function was measured by assessing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in whole blood and spleen following "
7279,brain tumour,38623647,Clinical feasibility of post-contrast accelerated 3D T1-Sampling Perfection with Application-optimized Contrasts using different flip angle Evolutions (SPACE) with iterative denoising for intracranial enhancing lesions: a retrospective study.,"Post-contrast T1-Sampling Perfection with Application-optimized Contrasts using different flip angle Evolutions (SPACE) is the preferred 3D T1 spin-echo sequence for evaluating brain metastases, regardless of the prolonged scan time."
7280,brain tumour,38623639,Challenges with hippocampal MR spectroscopy as a surrogate for pre-radiotherapy assessment of neurocognitive impairment in patients with brain metastasis.,"Patients with multiple brain metastases (BM) benefit from hippocampal-avoiding whole brain radiotherapy (HA-WBRT), the challenging and less available form of WBRT. This study explores potential of pre-radiotherapy (pre-RT) hippocampal magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measuring hippocampal neuronal density as an imaging surrogate and predictive tool for assessing neurocognitive functions (NCF)."
7281,brain tumour,38623341,Genomic analysis of human brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery reveals unique signature based on treatment failure.,"Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been shown to be efficacious for the treatment of limited brain metastasis (BM); however, the effects of SRS on human brain metastases have yet to be studied. We performed genomic analysis on resected brain metastases from patients whose resected lesion was previously treated with SRS. Our analyses demonstrated for the first time that patients possess a distinct genomic signature based on type of treatment failure including local failure, leptomeningeal spread, and radio-necrosis. Examination of the center and peripheral edge of the tumors treated with SRS indicated differential DNA damage distribution and an enrichment for tumor suppressor mutations and DNA damage repair pathways along the peripheral edge. Furthermore, the two clinical modalities used to deliver SRS, LINAC and GK, demonstrated differential effects on the tumor landscape even between controlled primary sites. Our study provides, in human, biological evidence of differential effects of SRS across BM's."
7282,brain tumour,38623339,A dopamine D1-like receptor-specific agonist improves the survival of septic mice.,"In this study, a murine sepsis model was developed using the cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) technique. The expression of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the brain increased 6 h after CLP but decreased 24 h later when elevated endogenous dopamine levels in the brain were sustained. Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride reduced dopamine levels in the striatum and increased mortality in septic mice. Dopamine D1-like receptors were significantly expressed in the brain, but not in the lungs. Intraperitoneally administered SKF-81297 (SKF), a blood-brain barrier-permeable D1-like receptor agonist, prevented CLP-induced death of septic mice with ameliorated acute lung injury and cognitive dysfunction and suppressed TNF-α and IL-1β expression. The D1-like receptor antagonist SCH-23390 abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of SKF. These data suggest that D1-like receptor-mediated signals in the brain prevent CLP-induced inflammation in both the brain and the periphery."
7283,brain tumour,38622933,Molecular Modeling of Shockwave-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Opening for Targeted Drug Delivery.,"Bubble-enhanced shock waves induce the transient opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) providing unique advantages for targeted drug delivery of brain tumor therapy, but little is known about the molecular details of this process. Based on our BBB model including 28 000 lipids and 280 tight junction proteins and coarse-grained dynamics simulations, we provided the molecular-level delivery mechanism of three typical drugs for the first time, including the lipophilic paclitaxel, hydrophilic gemcitabine, and siRNA encapsulated in liposome, across the BBB. The results show that the BBB is more difficult to be perforated by shock-induced jets than the human brain plasma membrane (PM), requiring higher shock wave speeds. For the pores formed, the BBB exhibits a greater ability to self-heal than PM. Hydrophobic paclitaxel can cross the BBB and be successfully absorbed, but the amount is only one-third of that of PM; however, the absorption of hydrophilic gemcitabine was almost negligible. Liposome-loaded siRNAs only stayed in the first layer of the BBB. The mechanism analysis shows that increasing the bubble size can promote drug absorption while reducing the risk of higher shock wave overpressure. An exponential function was proposed to describe the relation between bubble and overpressure, which can be extended to the experimental microbubble scale. The calculated overpressure is consistent with the experimental result. These molecular-scale details on shock-assisted BBB opening for targeted drug delivery would guide and assist experimental attempts to promote the application of this strategy in the clinical treatment of brain tumors."
7284,brain tumour,38622825,Treatment selection and real-world analysis of immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy in PD-L1-high metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.,Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Australia. Immunotherapy has improved outcomes in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Pembrolizumab is approved in first-line treatment as single-agent immunotherapy (SAI) or combination chemoimmunotherapy (CIT). In metastatic NSCLC programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) ≥50% either regimen may be used.
7285,brain tumour,38622616,Headache alleviation with nasal irrigation following endoscopic endonasal surgery for pituitary adenomas.,Headache is a common occurrence after endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) for pituitary adenomas and significantly impacts the quality of life of patients. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of nasal irrigation in relieving postoperative headache after EES.
7286,brain tumour,38622408,Targeting aging and age-related diseases with vaccines.,"Aging is a major risk factor for numerous chronic diseases. Vaccination offers a promising strategy to combat these age-related diseases by targeting specific antigens and inducing immune responses. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in vaccine-based interventions targeting these diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, type II diabetes, hypertension, abdominal aortic aneurysm, atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis, fibrosis and cancer, summarizing current approaches for identifying disease-associated antigens and inducing immune responses against these targets. Further, we reflect on the recent development of vaccines targeting senescent cells, as a strategy for more broadly targeting underlying causes of aging and associated pathologies. In addition to highlighting recent progress in these areas, we discuss important next steps to advance the therapeutic potential of these vaccines, including improving and robustly demonstrating efficacy in human clinical trials, as well as rigorously evaluating the safety and long-term effects of these vaccine strategies."
7287,brain tumour,38622378,Tuning in: musical resilience in awake craniotomy for brain tumor resection.,No abstract found
7288,brain tumour,38622368,Effect of different positive end expiratory pressure levels on optic nerve sheath diameter in patients with or without midline shift who are undergoing supratentorial craniotomy.,"In general, high levels of PEEP application is avoided in patients undergoing craniotomy to prevent a rise in ICP. But that approach would increase the risk of secondary brain injury especially in hypoxemic patients. Because the optic nerve sheath is distensible, a rise in ICP is associated with an increase in the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD). The cutoff value for elevated ICP assessed by ONSD is between 5.6 and 6.3 mm. We aimed to evaluate the effect of different PEEP levels on ONSD and compare the effect of different PEEP levels in patients with and without intracranial midline shift."
7289,brain tumour,38622359,Community cohesion looseness in gene networks reveals individualized drug targets and resistance.,"Community cohesion plays a critical role in the determination of an individual's health in social science. Intriguingly, a community structure of gene networks indicates that the concept of community cohesion could be applied between the genes as well to overcome the limitations of single gene-based biomarkers for precision oncology. Here, we develop community cohesion scores which precisely quantify the community ability to retain the interactions between the genes and their cellular functions in each individualized gene network. Using breast cancer as a proof-of-concept study, we measure the community cohesion score profiles of 950 case samples and predict the individualized therapeutic targets in 2-fold. First, we prioritize them by finding druggable genes present in the community with the most and relatively decreased scores in each individual. Then, we pinpoint more individualized therapeutic targets by discovering the genes which greatly contribute to the community cohesion looseness in each individualized gene network. Compared with the previous approaches, the community cohesion scores show at least four times higher performance in predicting effective individualized chemotherapy targets based on drug sensitivity data. Furthermore, the community cohesion scores successfully discover the known breast cancer subtypes and we suggest new targeted therapy targets for triple negative breast cancer (e.g. KIT and GABRP). Lastly, we demonstrate that the community cohesion scores can predict tamoxifen responses in ER+ breast cancer and suggest potential combination therapies (e.g. NAMPT and RXRA inhibitors) to reduce endocrine therapy resistance based on individualized characteristics. Our method opens new perspectives for the biomarker development in precision oncology."
7290,brain tumour,38622288,Transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications in the glycolytic pathway for targeted cancer therapy.,"Cancer cells largely rely on aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect to generate essential biomolecules and energy for their rapid growth. The key modulators in glycolysis including glucose transporters and enzymes, e.g. hexokinase 2, enolase 1, pyruvate kinase M2, lactate dehydrogenase A, play indispensable roles in glucose uptake, glucose consumption, ATP generation, lactate production, etc. Transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications (PTMs) of these critical modulators are important for signal transduction and metabolic reprogramming in the glycolytic pathway, which can provide energy advantages to cancer cell growth. In this review we recapitulate the recent advances in research on glycolytic modulators of cancer cells and analyze the strategies targeting these vital modulators including small-molecule inhibitors and microRNAs (miRNAs) for targeted cancer therapy. We focus on the regulation of the glycolytic pathway at the transcription level (e.g., hypoxia-inducible factor 1, c-MYC, p53, sine oculis homeobox homolog 1, N"
7291,brain tumour,38622132,Microenvironmental reorganization in brain tumors following radiotherapy and recurrence revealed by hyperplexed immunofluorescence imaging.,"The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in determining response to treatment. This involves a series of interconnected changes in the cellular landscape, spatial organization, and extracellular matrix composition. However, assessing these alterations simultaneously is challenging from a spatial perspective, due to the limitations of current high-dimensional imaging techniques and the extent of intratumoral heterogeneity over large lesion areas. In this study, we introduce a spatial proteomic workflow termed Hyperplexed Immunofluorescence Imaging (HIFI) that overcomes these limitations. HIFI allows for the simultaneous analysis of > 45 markers in fragile tissue sections at high magnification, using a cost-effective high-throughput workflow. We integrate HIFI with machine learning feature detection, graph-based network analysis, and cluster-based neighborhood analysis to analyze the microenvironment response to radiation therapy in a preclinical model of glioblastoma, and compare this response to a mouse model of breast-to-brain metastasis. Here we show that glioblastomas undergo extensive spatial reorganization of immune cell populations and structural architecture in response to treatment, while brain metastases show no comparable reorganization. Our integrated spatial analyses reveal highly divergent responses to radiation therapy between brain tumor models, despite equivalent radiotherapy benefit."
7292,brain tumour,38621882,[Essential oil of Cinnamomum camphora mitigates depression-like behavior in mice by regulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting inflammatory cytokines].,"This study aims to investigate the essential oil(EOL) of Cinnamomum camphora regarding its anti-depression effect and mechanism in regulating inflammatory cytokines and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) pathway. A mouse model of depression was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Open field, elevated plus maze, and forced swimming tests were carried out to examine mouse behaviors. Western blot and qRT-PCR were employed to determine the expression of proteins and genes in the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in the hippocampus. The levels of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, interleukin(IL)-6, and IL-1β in the serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The changes of apoptosis in mouse brain were detected by Tunel staining. Compared with the blank control group, the model group showed shortened distance travelled and time spent in the central zone and reduced number of entries in the central zone in the open field test. In the elevated plus maze test, the model group showed reduced open arm time(OT%) and open arm entries(OE%). In the force swimming test, the model group showed extended duration of immobility compared with the blank control group. Compared with the model group, the treatment with EOL significantly increased the distance travelled and time spent in the central zone and increased the number of entries in the central zone in the open field test. In addition, EOL significantly increased the OT% and OE% in the elevated plus maze and shor-tened the immobility duration in the forced swimming test. The model group showed lower expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 and hig-her levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β than the blank control group. Compared with the model group, the treatment with EOL up-regulated the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 and lowered the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. The Tunel staining results showed that the apoptosis rate in the brain tissue of mice decreased significantly after the treatment with EOL. To sum up, EOL can mitigate the depression-like behaviors of mice by up-regulating the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 and preventing hippocampal inflammatory damage. The findings provide empirical support for the application of EOL and aromatherapy in the treatment of depression."
7293,brain tumour,38621837,Surgical treatment of small recurrent gliomas based on MR imaging examination.,"Microrecurrent glioma is a common neurological tumor, and the key to its surgical treatment is to accurately evaluate the size, location and degree of recurrence of the lesion. The purpose of this study was to explore the surgical treatment of microrecurrent glioma based on MR Imaging, and to provide accurate and reliable basis for clinical decision-making. Before surgery, detailed MR Imaging tests were performed for each patient to accurately locate and evaluate the characteristics of the lesions. Multimodal imaging examination were arranged to accurate the pre-operation diagnosis. Neuro-navigation is necessary for the operation design and tumor confirmation. Function monitor and intraoperation MR were prepared when necessary.Mini was defined by the size, location and symptoms. In all 5 cases requiring reoperation, total resection was achieved. No systemic and local complications occurred. No permeant neurological dysfunction remained. The average stay time after the operation is days. All patients survived in the recent follow-up. Reoperation of mini recurrent glioma is a good treatment choice. We made little injury to patients, which wouldn't affect their conditions and next therapies. Through MR Imaging, the diagnosis and location of microrecurrent glioma, as well as the relationship with surrounding tissues and the degree of infiltration, provide important information for surgeons to evaluate the resectable lesion. By combining MR And functional imaging results, the blood supply and functional area of the lesion can be monitored in real time during surgery, thereby reducing surgical risk and maximizing the protection of surrounding healthy tissue."
7294,brain tumour,38621711,Feasibility and Safety of Bridging Antiplatelet Therapy with Cangrelor in Neuro-Oncology: A Preliminary Experience.,"Antiplatelet therapy is mandatory for prevention of thrombotic events in patients with a recent history of acute coronary syndromes and/or percutaneous coronary interventions. However, if an urgent surgery is required during antiplatelet therapy, a compromise between the ischemic/thrombotic and hemorrhagic risk has to be reached. Different bridging schemes are reported in the literature, but there is no clear consensus on the optimal treatment strategy in terms of efficacy and safety. Although some indications about the perioperative management of antiplatelet therapy regarding specific surgical specializations are available, balancing the thrombotic and hemorrhagic risk on an individual basis, no evidence referring to neurosurgical or neuro-oncologic procedures is reported. Herein, we present our preliminary experience in the perioperative management of a patient who underwent a neurosurgical procedure for the resection of a primary malignant brain tumor using an intravenous P2Y"
7295,brain tumour,38621477,Ossification of the falx cerebri in a patient with metastatic breast cancer.,No abstract found
7296,brain tumour,38621458,Cross-talk between BCKDK-mediated phosphorylation and STUB1-dependent ubiquitination degradation of BCAT1 promotes GBM progression.,"Branched-chain amino acid transferase 1 (BCAT1) is highly expressed in multiple cancers and is associated with poor prognosis, particularly in glioblastoma (GBM). However, the post-translational modification (PTM) mechanism of BCAT1 is unknown. Here, we investigated the cross-talk mechanisms between phosphorylation and ubiquitination modifications in regulating BCAT1 activity and stability. We found that BCAT1 is phosphorylated by branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK) at S5, S9, and T312, which increases its catalytic and antioxidant activity and stability. STUB1 (STIP1 homology U-box-containing protein 1), the first we found and reported E3 ubiquitin ligase of BCAT1, can also be phosphorylated by BCKDK at the S19 site, which disrupts the interaction with BCAT1 and inhibits its degradation. In addition, we demonstrate through in vivo and in vitro experiments that BCAT1 phosphorylation inhibiting its ubiquitination at multiple sites is associated with GBM proliferation and that inhibition of the BCKDK-BCAT1 axis enhances the sensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ). Overall, we identified novel mechanisms for the regulation of BCAT1 modification and elucidated the importance of the BCKDK-STUB1-BCAT1 axis in GBM progression."
7297,brain tumour,38621307,Primary intracranial peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor: lessons from an exceptionally rare neoplasm. Illustrative case.,"The primary intracranial peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) is a lesion subtype within the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors. pPNETs are extremely uncommon pathologies, accounting for 0.03% of intracranial tumors and 1% to 2% of Ewing sarcoma cases. Given its histological aspect similar to other highly proliferative malignant neuroectodermal neoplasms, pPNET merits extensive workup for accurate diagnosis and treatment."
7298,brain tumour,38619777,Comparative analysis of bevacizumab and LITT for treating radiation necrosis in previously radiated CNS neoplasms: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,Radiation necrosis (RN) is a local inflammatory reaction that arises in response to radiation injury and may cause significant morbidity. This study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of bevacizumab and laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) in treating RN in patients with previously radiated central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms.
7299,brain tumour,38619776,Preoperative neoadjuvant bevacizumab and temozolomide for newly diagnosed and resectable glioblastoma.,No abstract found
7300,brain tumour,38619756,Paracrine function amplifies pro-tumor electrochemical signal within neuron-glioma synapses.,No abstract found
7301,brain tumour,38619743,A Multistep In Silico Approach Identifies Potential Glioblastoma Drug Candidates via Inclusive Molecular Targeting of Glioblastoma Stem Cells.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the highest grade of glioma for which no effective therapy is currently available. Despite extensive research in diagnosis and therapy, there has been no significant improvement in GBM outcomes, with a median overall survival continuing at a dismal 15-18 months. In recent times, glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) have been identified as crucial drivers of treatment resistance and tumor recurrence, and GBM therapies targeting GSCs are expected to improve patient outcomes. We used a multistep in silico screening strategy to identify repurposed candidate drugs against selected therapeutic molecular targets in GBM with potential to concomitantly target GSCs. Common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through analysis of multiple GBM and GSC datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). For identification of target genes, we selected the genes with most significant effect on overall patient survival. The relative mRNA and protein expression of the selected genes in TCGA control versus GBM samples was also validated and their cancer dependency scores were assessed. Drugs targeting these genes and their corresponding proteins were identified from LINCS database using Connectivity Map (CMap) portal and by in silico molecular docking against each individual target using FDA-approved drug library from the DrugBank database, respectively. The molecules thus obtained were further evaluated for their ability to cross blood brain barrier (BBB) and their likelihood of resulting in drug resistance by acting as p-glycoprotein (p-Gp) substrates. The growth inhibitory effect of these final shortlisted compounds was examined on a panel of GBM cell lines and compared with temozolomide through the drug sensitivity EC50 values and AUC from the PRISM Repurposing Secondary Screen, and the IC50 values were obtained from GDSC portal. We identified RPA3, PSMA2, PSMC2, BLVRA, and HUS1 as molecular targets in GBM including GSCs with significant impact on patient survival. Our results show GSK-2126458/omipalisib, linifanib, drospirenone, eltrombopag, nilotinib, and PD198306 as candidate drugs which can be further evaluated for their anti-tumor potential against GBM. Through this work, we identified repurposed candidate therapeutics against GBM utilizing a GSC inclusive targeting approach, which demonstrated high in vitro efficacy and can prospectively evade drug resistance. These drugs have the potential to be developed as individual or combination therapy to improve GBM outcomes."
7302,brain tumour,38619734,Status of alternative angiogenic pathways in glioblastoma resected under and after bevacizumab treatment.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) acquires resistance to bevacizumab (Bev) treatment. Bev affects angiogenic factors other than vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which are poorly understood. We investigated changes in angiogenic factors under and after Bev therapy, including angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1), angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2), placental growth factor (PLGF), fibroblast growth factor 2, and ephrin A2 (EphA2). Fifty-four GBM tissues, including 28 specimens from 14 cases as paired specimens from the same patient obtained in three settings: initial tumor resection (naïve Bev), tumors resected following Bev therapy (effective Bev), and recurrent tumors after Bev therapy (refractory Bev). Immunohistochemistry assessed their expressions in tumor vessels and its correlation with recurrent MRI patterns. PLGF expression was higher in the effective Bev group than in the naïve Bev group (p = 0.024) and remained high in the refractory Bev group. ANGPT2 and EphA2 expressions were higher in the refractory Bev group than in the naïve Bev group (p = 0.047 and 0.028, respectively). PLGF expression was higher in the refractory Bev group compared with the naïve Bev group for paired specimens (p = 0.036). PLGF was more abundant in T2 diffuse/circumscribe patterns (p = 0.046). This is the first study to evaluate angiogenic factors other than VEGF during effective and refractory Bev therapy in patient-derived specimens."
7303,brain tumour,38619586,"Clinical factors, management, and outcomes of children under 3 years old with central nervous system tumors: single-center experience.","Children under 3 years old represent a notable portion, about 25 to 30%, of all central nervous system tumor (CNS) cases. Their clinical course, prognosis, and treatment significantly differ from older children. This single-center retrospective study aims to comprehensively analyze survival factors in children under three diagnosed with CNS tumors."
7304,brain tumour,38619274,Ex Vivo Culture of Circulating Tumor Cells in the Cerebral Spinal Fluid from Melanoma Patients to Study Melanoma-Associated Leptomeningeal Disease.,"Melanoma-associated leptomeningeal disease (M-LMD) occurs when circulating tumor cells (CTCs) enter into the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and colonize the meninges, the membrane layers that protect the brain and the spinal cord. Once established, the prognosis for M-LMD patients is dismal, with overall survival ranging from weeks to months. This is primarily due to a paucity in our understanding of the disease and, as a consequence, the availability of effective treatment options. Defining the underlying biology of M-LMD will significantly improve the ability to adapt available therapies for M-LMD treatment or design novel inhibitors for this universally fatal disease. A major barrier, however, lies in obtaining sufficient quantities of CTCs from the patient-derived CSF (CSF-CTCs) to conduct preclinical experiments, such as molecular characterization, functional analysis, and in vivo efficacy studies. Culturing CSF-CTCs ex vivo has also proven to be challenging. To address this, a novel protocol for the culture of patient-derived M-LMD CSF-CTCs ex vivo and in vivo is developed. The incorporation of conditioned media produced by human meningeal cells (HMCs) is found to be critical to the procedure. Cytokine array analysis reveals that factors produced by HMCs, such as insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), are important in supporting CSF-CTC survival ex vivo. Here, the usefulness of the isolated patient-derived CSF-CTC lines is demonstrated in determining the efficacy of inhibitors that target the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. In addition, the ability to intrathecally inoculate these cells in vivo to establish murine models of M-LMD that can be employed for preclinical testing of approved or novel therapies is shown. These tools can help unravel the underlying biology driving CSF-CTC establishment in the meninges and identify novel therapies to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with M-LMD."
7305,brain tumour,38619273,Commentary: Impact of Molecular Subgroups on Prognosis and Survival Outcomes in Posterior Fossa Ependymomas: A Retrospective Study of 412 Cases.,No abstract found
7306,brain tumour,38618319,Chronic Cephalalgia-Parkinsonism Complex Revealing a Meningioma in a Young Patient: A Case Report.,"The emergence of parkinsonism in a patient with an intracranial meningioma is indeed an uncommon occurrence. Here, we detail the case of a patient experiencing parkinsonian syndrome for four years without any observable clinical improvement following medical treatment. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a left intracranial meningioma. The successful complete surgical removal of the tumor led to the resolution of parkinsonian syndrome. The extent of the neoplasm and the surrounding peritumoral edema could potentially exert significant pressure, thereby compromising perfusion in the basal ganglia region. This clinical case serves as an exemplar, emphasizing the criticality of identifying specific red flags that necessitate further clinical investigations in the context of parkinsonian syndrome."
7307,brain tumour,38618299,Comparative Study of Postmortem MRI and Pathological Findings in Malignant Brain Tumors.,"This study compared magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of postmortem brain specimens with neuropathological findings to evaluate the value of postmortem MRI. Postmortem MRI was performed on five formalin-fixed whole brains with malignant tumors. Postmortem T2-weighted images detected all neuropathological abnormalities as high-signal regions but also showed histological tumor invasion in areas without edema. Tumor lesions with high necrosis and edema showed high signal intensity on T2-weighted images; in three cases, lesion enlargement was detected on the final prenatal imaging and postmortem MRI. Disease progression immediately before death may have contributed to this difference. In conclusion, the correlation between MRI and neuropathological findings facilitates understanding of the mechanisms responsible for MRI abnormalities. Increased free water due to edema, necrosis, and brain tissue injury can explain the increased signal intensity observed on T2-weighted images. Postmortem MRI may contribute to effective pathology by identifying subtle abnormalities prior to brain dissection."
7308,brain tumour,38618099,Potential salivary and serum biomarkers for burning mouth syndrome and their relationship with anxiety/depression.,"The pathophysiology of burning mouth syndrome (BMS), although considered a multifactorial etiology including psychological factors, is still not well understood. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the potential usage of salivary and serum biomarkers, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), in diagnosing BMS and their correlations with anxiety/depression."
7309,brain tumour,38617525,Segmentation method of magnetic resonance imaging brain tumor images based on improved UNet network.,"Glioma is a primary malignant craniocerebral tumor commonly found in the central nervous system. According to research, preoperative diagnosis of glioma and a full understanding of its imaging features are very significant. Still, the traditional segmentation methods of image dispensation and machine wisdom are not acceptable in glioma segmentation. This analysis explores the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain tumor images as an effective segmentation method of glioma."
7310,brain tumour,38617333,Viscoelastic high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid hydrogels support rapid glioblastoma cell invasion with leader-follower dynamics.,"Hyaluronic acid (HA), the primary component of brain extracellular matrix, is increasingly used to model neuropathological processes, including glioblastoma (GBM) tumor invasion. While elastic hydrogels based on crosslinked low-molecular-weight (LMW) HA are widely exploited for this purpose and have proven valuable for discovery and screening, brain tissue is both viscoelastic and rich in high-MW (HMW) HA, and it remains unclear how these differences influence invasion. To address this question, hydrogels comprised of either HMW (1.5 MDa) or LMW (60 kDa) HA are introduced, characterized, and applied in GBM invasion studies. Unlike LMW HA hydrogels, HMW HA hydrogels relax stresses quickly, to a similar extent as brain tissue, and to a greater extent than many conventional HA-based scaffolds. GBM cells implanted within HMW HA hydrogels invade much more rapidly than in their LMW HA counterparts and exhibit distinct leader-follower dynamics. Leader cells adopt dendritic morphologies, similar to invasive GBM cells observed in vivo. Transcriptomic, pharmacologic, and imaging studies suggest that leader cells exploit hyaluronidase, an enzyme strongly enriched in human GBMs, to prime a path for followers. This study offers new insight into how HA viscoelastic properties drive invasion and argues for the use of highly stress-relaxing materials to model GBM."
7311,brain tumour,38617153,Hemodynamic property incorporated brain tumor segmentation by deep learning and density-based analysis of dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).,"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a primary non-invasive imaging modality for tumor segmentation, leveraging its exceptional soft tissue contrast and high resolution. Current segmentation methods typically focus on structural MRI, such as T"
7312,brain tumour,38616896,Single-nucleus expression characterization of non-enhancing region of recurrent high-grade glioma.,Non-enhancing (NE) infiltrating tumor cells beyond the contrast-enhancing (CE) bulk of tumor are potential propagators of recurrence after gross total resection of high-grade glioma.
7313,brain tumour,38616895,Potential roles for efferocytosis in glioblastoma immune evasion.,"Glioblastoma is an aggressive and incurable brain cancer. This cancer establishes both local and systemic immunosuppression that creates a major obstacle to effective immunotherapies. Many studies point to tumor-resident myeloid cells (primarily microglia and macrophages) as key mediators of this immunosuppression. Myeloid cells exhibit a high level of plasticity with respect to their phenotype and are capable of both stimulating and repressing immune responses. How glioblastomas recruit myeloid cells and exploit them to avoid the immune system is an active area of research. Macrophages can acquire an immunosuppressive phenotype as a consequence of exposure to cytokines such as TGFB1 or IL4; in addition, macrophages can acquire an immunosuppressive phenotype as a consequence of the engulfment of apoptotic cells, a process referred to as efferocytosis. There is substantial evidence that glioblastoma cells are able to secrete cytokines and other factors that induce an immunosuppressive phenotype in macrophages and microglia. However, less is known about the contribution of efferocytosis to immunosuppression in glioblastoma. Here I review the literature in this area and discuss the potential of efferocytosis inhibition to improve glioblastoma response to immunotherapy."
7314,brain tumour,38616821,Role of CRH in colitis and colitis-associated cancer: a combinative result of central and peripheral effects?,"Corticotropin-releasing factor family peptides (CRF peptides) comprise corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), urocortin (UCN1), UCN2 and UCN3. CRH is first isolated in the brain and later with UCNs found in many peripheral cells/tissues including the colon. CRH and UCNs function via the two types of receptors, CRF"
7315,brain tumour,38616761,Novel Natural Inhibitors for Glioblastoma by Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase.,"Glioblastoma is an extensively malignant neoplasm of the brain that predominantly impacts the human population. To address the challenge of glioblastoma, herein, we have searched for new drug-like candidates by extensive computational and biochemical investigations."
7316,brain tumour,38616506,Integration analysis of single-cell transcriptome reveals specific monocyte subsets associated with melanoma brain and leptomeningeal metastasis.,"Melanoma central nervous system (CNS) metastasis remains a leading cause of patient mortality, and the underlying pathological mechanism has not been fully elucidated, leading to a lack of effective therapeutic strategies."
7317,brain tumour,38615888,Dose-Incorporated Deep Ensemble Learning for Improving Brain Metastasis Stereotactic Radiosurgery Outcome Prediction.,To develop a novel deep ensemble learning model for accurate prediction of brain metastasis (BM) local control outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).
7318,brain tumour,38615384,Analysis of the sodium pump subunit ATP1A3 in glioma patients: Potential value in prognostic prediction and immunotherapy.,"The ATP1A3 gene is associated with the development and progression of neurological diseases. However, the pathological function and therapeutic value of ATP1A3 in glioblastoma (GBM) remains unknown. In this study, we tried to explore the correlation between the ATP1A3 gene expression and immune features in GBM samples. We found that ATP1A3 gene expression levels showed significant negative correlation with immune checkpoints such as PD-L1, CTLA-4 and IDO1. Next, ATP1A3 gene expression levels showed significant negative correlation with the anti-cancer immune cell process, the immune score and stromal score. By grouping ATP1A3 expression levels, we found that that immunomodulator-related genes and tumor-associated immune cell effector gene expression levels were associated with lower ATP1A3 expression. In addition, immunotherapy prediction pathway activity and a majority of the anti-cancer immune cell process activity levels were also showed to be correlated with lower ATP1A3 gene expression. Further, nine prognostic factors were identified by prognostic analysis, and a GBM prognostic model (risk score) was established. We applied the model to the TCGA GBM training set sample and the GSE4412 validation set sample and found that patients in the high risk score subgroup had significantly shorter survival time, demonstrating the prognostic value and prognostic efficacy of the risk score. Furthermore, ATP1A3 overexpression has also been found to sensitize cancer cells to anti-PD-1 therapy. In conclusion, we showed that ATP1A3 is a highly promising treatment target in GBM and the risk score is an independent prognostic factor for cancer and can be used to help guide the prediction of survival time in patients with GBM."
7319,brain tumour,38615383,PD-1/PD-L1 axis is involved in the interaction between microglial polarization and glioma.,"The tumor microenvironment plays a vital role in glioblastoma growth and invasion. PD-1 and PD-L1 modulate the immunity in the brain tumor microenvironment. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to reveal the effects of PD-1/PD-L1 on the crosstalk between microglia and glioma. Results showed that glioma cells secreted PD-L1 to the peritumoral areas, particularly microglia containing highly expressed PD-1. In the early stages of glioma, microglia mainly polarized into the pro-inflammatory subtype (M1). Subsequently, the secreted PD-L1 accumulated and bound to PD-1 on microglia, facilitating their polarization toward the microglial anti-inflammatory (M2) subtype primarily via the STAT3 signaling pathway. The role of PD-1/PD-L1 in M2 polarization of microglia was partially due to PD-1/PD-L1 depletion or application of BMS-1166, a novel inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1. Consistently, co-culturing with microglia promoted glioma cell growth and invasion, and blocking PD-1/PD-L1 significantly suppressed these processes. Our findings reveal that the PD-1/PD-L1 axis engages in the microglial M2 polarization in the glioma microenvironment and promotes tumor growth and invasion."
7320,brain tumour,38615220,Performance of Distress Thermometer: A Study among Cancer Patients.,"The Distress Thermometer accompanied with Problems List is a commonly used screening tool for psychosocial distress. However, it's cut-off score, performance and risk factors for psychosocial distress varies among studies. This is the first study conducted in Nepal to investigate the Distress Thermometer's screening properties, its optimal cut-off score and evaluating the prevalence of psychosocial distress and its risk factors."
7321,brain tumour,38615167,Development and validation of a multi-modality fusion deep learning model for differentiating glioblastoma from solitary brain metastases.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) and brain metastases (BMs) are the two most common malignant brain tumors in adults. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a commonly used method for screening and evaluating the prognosis of brain tumors, but the specificity and sensitivity of conventional MRI sequences in differential diagnosis of GBM and BMs are limited. In recent years, deep neural network has shown great potential in the realization of diagnostic classification and the establishment of clinical decision support system. This study aims to apply the radiomics features extracted by deep learning techniques to explore the feasibility of accurate preoperative classification for newly diagnosed GBM and solitary brain metastases (SBMs), and to further explore the impact of multimodality data fusion on classification tasks."
7322,brain tumour,38615034,Mechanistic insights and the clinical prospects of targeted therapies for glioblastoma: a comprehensive review.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal brain tumour that is traditionally diagnosed based on histological features. Recent molecular profiling studies have reshaped the World Health Organization approach in the classification of central nervous system tumours to include more pathogenetic hallmarks. These studies have revealed that multiple oncogenic pathways are dysregulated, which contributes to the aggressiveness and resistance of GBM. Such findings have shed light on the molecular vulnerability of GBM and have shifted the disease management paradigm from chemotherapy to targeted therapies. Targeted drugs have been developed to inhibit oncogenic targets in GBM, including receptors involved in the angiogenic axis, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway, the ubiquitination-proteasome pathway, as well as IDH1/2 pathway. While certain targeted drugs showed promising results in vivo, the translatability of such preclinical achievements in GBM remains a barrier. We also discuss the recent developments and clinical assessments of targeted drugs, as well as the prospects of cell-based therapies and combinatorial therapy as novel ways to target GBM. Targeted treatments have demonstrated preclinical efficacy over chemotherapy as an alternative or adjuvant to the current standard of care for GBM, but their clinical efficacy remains hindered by challenges such as blood-brain barrier penetrance of the drugs. The development of combinatorial targeted therapies is expected to improve therapeutic efficacy and overcome drug resistance."
7323,brain tumour,38615026,Nose-to-brain selective drug delivery to glioma via ferritin-based nanovectors reduces tumor growth and improves survival rate.,"Gliomas are among the most fatal tumors, and the available therapeutic options are very limited. Additionally, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents most drugs from entering the brain. We designed and produced a ferritin-based stimuli-sensitive nanocarrier with high biocompatibility and water solubility. It can incorporate high amounts of the potent topoisomerase 1 inhibitor Genz-644282. Here, we show that this nanocarrier, named The-0504, can cross the BBB and specifically deliver the payload to gliomas that express high amounts of the ferritin/transferrin receptor TfR1 (CD71). Intranasal or intravenous administration of The-0504 both reduce tumor growth and improve the survival rate of glioma-bearing mice. However, nose-to-brain administration is a simpler and less invasive route that may spare most of the healthy tissues compared to intravenous injections. For this reason, the data reported here could pave the way towards a new, safe, and direct ferritin-based drug delivery method for brain diseases, especially brain tumors."
7324,brain tumour,38615005,The feasibility of half-dose contrast-enhanced scanning of brain tumours at 5.0 T: a preliminary study.,This study investigated and compared the effects of Gd enhancement on brain tumours with a half-dose of contrast medium at 5.0 T and with a full dose at 3.0 T.
7325,brain tumour,38614953,Histopathology of growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumors: State of the art and new perspectives.,"Somatotroph (GH) adenomas/PitNETs typically arise from adenohypophysis and are biochemically active, leading to acromegaly and gigantism. More rarely, they present with ectopic origin and do not present overt biochemical or clinical features (silent variants). Histopathological examination should consider the clinical and radiological background, and include multiple steps assessing tumor morphology, pituitary transcription factors (PTFs), hormone secretion, proliferation markers, granulation, and somatostatin receptors (STRs), aimed at depicting as better as possible tumor origin (in case of non-functioning and/or metastatic tumor), and clinical behavior, including response to treatment. GH-secreting tumors are part of the Pit-1 family tumors and can secrete GH only (pure somatotrophs) or co-secrete prolactin (mixed tumors; in this case, various histological subtypes have been identified). Each subtype presents unique radiological, biochemical, and clinical characteristic. Therefore, the integration of biochemical, clinical, radiological, and histopathological elements is fundamental for proper diagnosis and management of pituitary adenomas/PitNETs, to be performed in referral Centers. In more recent times, the importance of genetic and epigenetic evaluation in the characterization of pituitary tumors (i.e., early identification of aggressive variants) has been outlined by some large studies, with the intention of improving targeted treatments."
7326,brain tumour,38614870,How does deep learning/machine learning perform in comparison to radiologists in distinguishing glioblastomas (or grade IV astrocytomas) from primary CNS lymphomas?: a meta-analysis and systematic review.,Several studies have been published comparing deep learning (DL)/machine learning (ML) to radiologists in differentiating PCNSLs from GBMs with equivocal results. We aimed to perform this meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ML/DL versus radiologists in classifying PCNSL versus GBM using MRI.
7327,brain tumour,38614851,A case of solitary fibrous tumor at the left cerebellopontine-angle region.,No abstract found
7328,brain tumour,38614827,"Imaging and Liquid Biopsy for Distinguishing True Progression From Pseudoprogression in Gliomas, Current Advances and Challenges.",Gliomas are aggressive brain tumors with a poor prognosis. Assessing treatment response is challenging because magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may not distinguish true progression (TP) from pseudoprogression (PsP). This review aims to discuss imaging techniques and liquid biopsies used to distinguish TP from PsP.
7329,brain tumour,38614532,"Challenges in radiological evaluation of brain metastases, beyond progression.","MRI is the cornerstone in the evaluation of brain metastases. The clinical challenges lie in discriminating metastases from mimickers such as infections or primary tumors and in evaluating the response to treatment. The latter sometimes leads to growth, which must be framed as pseudo-progression or radionecrosis, both inflammatory phenomena attributable to treatment, or be considered as recurrence. To meet these needs, imaging techniques are the subject of constant research. However, an exponential growth after radiotherapy must be interpreted with caution, even in the presence of results suspicious of tumor progression by advanced techniques, because it may be due to inflammatory changes. The aim of this paper is to familiarize the reader with inflammatory phenomena of brain metastases treated with radiotherapy and to describe two related radiological signs: ""the inflammatory cloud"" and ""incomplete ring enhancement"", in order to adopt a conservative management with close follow-up."
7330,brain tumour,38614312,Primary CNS yolk sac tumor in the adult.,No abstract found
7331,brain tumour,38614282,"Comparing the effects of irradiation with protons or photons on neonatal mouse brain: Apoptosis, oncogenesis and hippocampal alterations.","Medulloblastoma (MB) is a common primary brain cancer in children. Proton therapy in pediatric MB is intensively studied and widely adopted. Compared to photon, proton radiations offer potential for reduced toxicity due to the characteristic Bragg Peak at the end of their path in tissue. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of irradiation with the same dose of protons or photons in Patched1 heterozygous knockout mice, a murine model predisposed to cancer and non-cancer radiogenic pathologies, including MB and lens opacity."
7332,brain tumour,38614255,Toxoplasmic encephalitis with high ,"Various opportunistic infections develop during immunodeficiency due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The treatment options for malignant lymphoma (ML) and toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) are completely different; therefore, their discrimination is critical. A 25-year-old female of foreign nationality had been experiencing headaches for several weeks and suddenly developed convulsions. Brain computed tomography revealed multiple intracranial lesions; therefore, the patient was referred to the neurosurgery department. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple masses with surrounding edema, accompanied by enhanced contrast. The largest mass (2 cm) in the left occipital lobe exhibited ringed contrast enhancement. Her blood test results showed a CD4 count of 40/μL, positive HIV Ag/Ab, HIV-RNA level of 56 × 10"
7333,brain tumour,38614160,The emerging role of fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) in cancers.,"Fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) is an intracellular protein involved in the uptake, transportation, metabolism, and storage of fatty acids (FAs). FABP7 is upregulated up to 20-fold in multiple cancers, usually correlated with poor prognosis. FABP7 silencing or pharmacological inhibition suggest FABP7 promotes cell growth, migration, invasion, colony and spheroid formation/increased size, lipid uptake, and lipid droplet formation. Xenograft studies show that suppression of FABP7 inhibits tumour formation and tumour growth, and improves host survival. The molecular mechanisms involve promotion of FA uptake, lipid droplets, signalling [focal adhesion kinase (FAK), proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (Src), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK), and Wnt/β-catenin], hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (Hif1α), vascular endothelial growth factor A/prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1 (VEGFA/P4HA1), snail family zinc finger 1 (Snail1), and twist-related protein 1 (Twist1). The oncogenic capacity of FABP7 makes it a promising pharmacological target for future cancer treatments."
7334,brain tumour,38614152,Fluorine-18 labeling PEGylated 6-boronotryptophan for PET scanning of mice for assessing the pharmacokinetics for boron neutron capture therapy of brain tumors.,Two tryptophan compound classes 5- and 6-borono PEGylated boronotryptophan derivatives have been prepared for assessing their aqueous solubility as formulation of injections for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The PEGylation has improved their aqueous solubility thereby increasing their test concentration in 1 mM without suffering from toxicity. In-vitro uptake assay of PEGylated 5- and 6-boronotryptophan showed that the B-10 concentration can reach 15-50 ppm in U87 cell whereas the uptake in LN229 cell varies. Shorter PEG compound 6-boronotryptophanPEG200[
7335,brain tumour,38614069,Osimertinib plus local treatment for brain metastases versus osimertinib alone in patients with EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.,"Osimertinib is a standard treatment for patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is highly effective for brain metastases (BMs). However, it is unclear whether local treatment (LT) for BMs prior to osimertinib administration improves survival in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. We aimed to reveal the survival benefit of upfront local treatment (LT) for BMs in patients treated with osimertinib."
7336,brain tumour,38613996,"The use of a selective, nontoxic dual-acting peptide for breast cancer patients with brain metastasis.","Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype characterized by the absence of commonly targeted receptors. Unspecific chemotherapy is currently the main therapeutic option, with poor results. Another major challenge is the frequent appearance of brain metastasis (BM) associated with a significant decrease in patient overall survival. The treatment of BM is even more challenging due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we present a dual-acting peptide (PepH3-vCPP2319) designed to tackle TNBC/BM, in which a TNBC-specific anticancer peptide (ACP) motif (vCPP2319) is joined to a BBB peptide shuttle (BBBpS) motif (PepH3). PepH3-vCPP2319 demonstrated selectivity and efficiency in eliminating TNBC both in monolayers (IC"
7337,brain tumour,38613866,Phosphoproteomic profiling identifies DNMT1 as a key substrate of beta IV spectrin-dependent ERK/MAPK signaling in suppressing angiogenesis.,"βIV-spectrin is a membrane-associated cytoskeletal protein that maintains the structural stability of cell membranes and integral proteins such as ion channels and transporters. Its biological functions are best characterized in the brain and heart, although recently we discovered a fundamental new role in the vascular system. Using cellular and genetic mouse models, we reported that βIV-spectrin acts as a critical regulator of developmental and tumor-associated angiogenesis. βIV-spectrin was shown to selectively express in proliferating endothelial cells (EC) and suppress VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling by enhancing receptor internalization and degradation. Here we examined how these events impact the downstream kinase signaling cascades and target substrates. Based on quantitative phosphoproteomics, we found that βIV-spectrin significantly affects the phosphorylation of epigenetic regulatory enzymes in the nucleus, among which DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) was determined as a top substrate. Biochemical and immunofluorescence results showed that βIV-spectrin inhibits DNMT1 function by activating ERK/MAPK, which in turn phosphorylates DNMT1 at S717 to impede its nuclear localization. Given that DNMT1 controls the DNA methylation patterns genome-wide, and is crucial for vascular development, our findings suggest that epigenetic regulation is a key mechanism by which βIV-spectrin suppresses angiogenesis."
7338,brain tumour,38613802,Identification of a robust biomarker LAPTM4A for glioma based on comprehensive computational biology and experimental verification.,"Glioma, a highly invasive and deadly form of human neoplasm, presents a pressing need for the exploration of potential therapeutic targets. While the lysosomal protein transmembrane 4A (LATPM4A) has been identified as a risk factor in pancreatic cancer patients, its role in glioma remains unexplored."
7339,brain tumour,38613587,Epigenetics to clinicopathological features: a bibliometric analysis of H3 G34-mutant diffuse hemispheric glioma literature.,"Pediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas are the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in children. More than 30% of diffuse hemispheric gliomas (DHG) in adolescents harbor histone H3 G34 mutations and are recognized by the World Health Organization as a distinct tumor entity. By reporting bibliometric characteristics of the most cited publications on H3 G34-mutant DHG (H3 G34 DHG), we provide an overview of emerging literature and speculate where future research efforts may lead."
7340,brain tumour,38613466,Molecular pathway of pancreatic cancer-associated neuropathic pain.,"The pancreas is a heterocrine gland that has both exocrine and endocrine parts. Most pancreatic cancer begins in the cells that line the ducts of the pancreas and is called pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDAC is the most encountered pancreatic cancer type. One of the most important characteristic features of PDAC is neuropathy which is primarily due to perineural invasion (PNI). PNI develops tumor microenvironment which includes overexpression of fibroblasts cells, macrophages, as well as angiogenesis which can be responsible for neuropathy pain. In tumor microenvironment inactive fibroblasts are converted into an active form that is cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Neurotrophins they also increase the level of Substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide which is also involved in pain. Matrix metalloproteases are the zinc-associated proteases enzymes which activates proinflammatory interleukin-1β into its activated form and are responsible for release and activation of Substance P which is responsible for neuropathic pain by transmitting pain signal via dorsal root ganglion. All the molecules and their role in being responsible for neuropathic pain are described below."
7341,brain tumour,38613388,Quantifying the activity profile of ASO and siRNA conjugates in glioblastoma xenograft tumors in vivo.,"Glioblastoma multiforme is a universally lethal brain tumor that largely resists current surgical and drug interventions. Despite important advancements in understanding GBM biology, the invasiveness and heterogeneity of these tumors has made it challenging to develop effective therapies. Therapeutic oligonucleotides-antisense oligonucleotides and small-interfering RNAs-are chemically modified nucleic acids that can silence gene expression in the brain. However, activity of these oligonucleotides in brain tumors remains inadequately characterized. In this study, we developed a quantitative method to differentiate oligonucleotide-induced gene silencing in orthotopic GBM xenografts from gene silencing in normal brain tissue, and used this method to test the differential silencing activity of a chemically diverse panel of oligonucleotides. We show that oligonucleotides chemically optimized for pharmacological activity in normal brain tissue do not show consistent activity in GBM xenografts. We then survey multiple advanced oligonucleotide chemistries for their activity in GBM xenografts. Attaching lipid conjugates to oligonucleotides improves silencing in GBM cells across several different lipid classes. Highly hydrophobic lipid conjugates cholesterol and docosanoic acid enhance silencing but at the cost of higher neurotoxicity. Moderately hydrophobic, unsaturated fatty acid and amphiphilic lipid conjugates still improve activity without compromising safety. These oligonucleotide conjugates show promise for treating glioblastoma."
7342,brain tumour,38613356,A 78-year-old woman with diffuse white matter infiltration and predominant involvement of bilateral temporo-parieto-occipital regions.,"Diffuse paediatric-type high-grade glioma, H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype (H3/IDH-wt-pHGG) is a newly defined entity amongst brain tumours, primarily reported in children. It is a rare, ill-defined type of tumour and the only method to diagnose it is DNA methylation profiling. The case we report here carries new knowledge about this tumour which may, in fact, occur in elderly patients, be devoid of evocative genomic abnormalities reported in children and harbour a misleading mutation."
7343,brain tumour,38613353,Comparison of MRI findings of hypothalamic-optic chiasmatic gliomas and craniopharyngiomas.,Differential diagnosis of hypothalamic-optic chiasmatic gliomas (HOCGs) and craniopharyngiomas on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be quite challenging.
7344,brain tumour,38613344,Predictive Value of NLR and PLR in Driver-Gene-Negative Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors: A Single Institutional Cohort Study.,To investigate the predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) for the efficacy and prognosis of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors in driver-gene-negative advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
7345,brain tumour,38613182,PD-L1 inhibitors combined with whole brain radiotherapy in patients with small cell lung cancer brain metastases: Real-world evidence.,"Numerous studies have demonstrated that brain metastases patients may benefit from intracranial radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, it is unclear whether this treatment is effective for patients with small cell lung cancer brain metastases (SCLC-BMs)."
7346,brain tumour,38612892,MGMT ProFWise: Unlocking a New Application for Combined Feature Selection and the Rank-Based Weighting Method to Link MGMT Methylation Status to Serum Protein Expression in Patients with Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal brain tumor with limited treatment options. O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status is the central molecular biomarker linked to both the response to temozolomide, the standard chemotherapy drug employed for GBM, and to patient survival. However, MGMT status is captured on tumor tissue which, given the difficulty in acquisition, limits the use of this molecular feature for treatment monitoring. MGMT protein expression levels may offer additional insights into the mechanistic understanding of MGMT but, currently, they correlate poorly to promoter methylation. The difficulty of acquiring tumor tissue for MGMT testing drives the need for non-invasive methods to predict MGMT status. Feature selection aims to identify the most informative features to build accurate and interpretable prediction models. This study explores the new application of a combined feature selection (i.e., LASSO and mRMR) and the rank-based weighting method (i.e., MGMT ProFWise) to non-invasively link MGMT promoter methylation status and serum protein expression in patients with GBM. Our method provides promising results, reducing dimensionality (by more than 95%) when employed on two large-scale proteomic datasets (7k SomaScan"
7347,brain tumour,38612799,Mobocertinib in Patients with EGFR Exon 20 Insertion-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (MOON): An International Real-World Safety and Efficacy Analysis.,"EGFR exon 20 (EGFR Ex20) insertion mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are insensitive to traditional EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Mobocertinib is the only approved TKI specifically designed to target EGFR Ex20. We performed an international, real-world safety and efficacy analysis on patients with EGFR Ex20-positive NSCLC enrolled in a mobocertinib early access program. We explored the mechanisms of resistance by analyzing postprogression biopsies, as well as cross-resistance to amivantamab. Data from 86 patients with a median age of 67 years and a median of two prior lines of treatment were analyzed. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 95% of patients. Grade ≥3 TRAEs were reported in 38% of patients and included diarrhea (22%) and rash (8%). In 17% of patients, therapy was permanently discontinued, and two patients died due to TRAEs. Women were seven times more likely to discontinue treatment than men. In the overall cohort, the objective response rate to mobocertinib was 34% (95% CI, 24-45). The response rate in treatment-naïve patients was 27% (95% CI, 8-58). The median progression-free and overall survival was 5 months (95% CI, 3.5-6.5) and 12 months (95% CI, 6.8-17.2), respectively. The intracranial response rate was limited (13%), and one-third of disease progression cases involved the brain. Mobocertinib also showed antitumor activity following EGFR Ex20-specific therapy and vice versa. Potential mechanisms of resistance to mobocertinib included amplifications in MET, PIK3CA, and NRAS. Mobocertinib demonstrated meaningful efficacy in a real-world setting but was associated with considerable gastrointestinal and cutaneous toxicity."
7348,brain tumour,38612786,B7-H3 Expression in Breast Cancer and Brain Metastasis.,"Brain metastasis is a significant challenge for some breast cancer patients, marked by its aggressive nature, limited treatment options, and poor clinical outcomes. Immunotherapies have emerged as a promising avenue for brain metastasis treatment. B7-H3 (CD276) is an immune checkpoint molecule involved in T cell suppression, which is associated with poor survival in cancer patients. Given the increasing number of clinical trials using B7-H3 targeting CAR T cell therapies, we examined B7-H3 expression across breast cancer subtypes and in breast cancer brain metastases to assess its potential as an interventional target. B7-H3 expression was investigated using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays of three clinical cohorts: (i) unselected primary breast cancers (n = 347); (ii) brain metastatic breast cancers (n = 61) and breast cancer brain metastases (n = 80, including a subset of 53 patient-matched breast and brain metastasis cases); and (iii) mixed brain metastases from a range of primary tumours (n = 137). In primary breast cancers, B7-H3 expression significantly correlated with higher tumour grades and aggressive breast cancer subtypes, as well as poorer 5-year survival outcomes. Subcellular localisation of B7-H3 impacted breast cancer-specific survival, with cytoplasmic staining also correlating with a poorer outcome. Its expression was frequently detected in brain metastases from breast cancers, with up to 90% expressing B7-H3. However, not all brain metastases showed high levels of expression, with those from colorectal and renal tumours showing a low frequency of B7-H3 expression (0/14 and 2/16, respectively). The prevalence of B7-H3 expression in breast cancers and breast cancer brain metastases indicates potential opportunities for B7-H3 targeted therapies in breast cancer management."
7349,brain tumour,38612778,Association between Intracellular Calcium Signaling and Tumor Recurrence in Human Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenomas.,"Clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas (CNFPAs) are the second most frequent sellar tumor among studies on community-dwelling adults. They are characterized by the absence of hormonal hypersecretion syndrome, and patients present with compressive symptoms, such as a headache and visual field defects. Immunohistochemically, most CNFPAs are of gonadotrope differentiation, with only a few of them being truly null cell adenomas. Although these tumors express receptors for one or more hypothalamic releasing hormones, to what extent this has an impact on the biological and clinical behavior of these neoplasms remains to be defined. In this research, we evaluated the basal and hypothalamic secretagogue-stimulated intracellular calcium mobilization in 13 CNFPAs, trying to correlate this response to the phenotypic features of the patients. Our results indicate that the recurrence of a CNFPA correlates positively with cellular responsiveness, as measured by spontaneous intracellular calcium activity and the ability to respond to multiple hypothalamic secretagogues. We conclude that this finding may be a useful tool for predicting the clinicopathologic behavior of CNFPAs, by testing the variation of cellular responsiveness to hypothalamic secretagogues."
7350,brain tumour,38612777,"Transmembrane Protein TMEM230, Regulator of Glial Cell Vascular Mimicry and Endothelial Cell Angiogenesis in High-Grade Heterogeneous Infiltrating Gliomas and Glioblastoma.","High-grade gliomas (HGGs) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are characterized by a heterogeneous and aggressive population of tissue-infiltrating cells that promote both destructive tissue remodeling and aberrant vascularization of the brain. The formation of defective and permeable blood vessels and microchannels and destructive tissue remodeling prevent efficient vascular delivery of pharmacological agents to tumor cells and are the significant reason why therapeutic chemotherapy and immunotherapy intervention are primarily ineffective. Vessel-forming endothelial cells and microchannel-forming glial cells that recapitulate vascular mimicry have both infiltration and destructive remodeling tissue capacities. The transmembrane protein TMEM230 (C20orf30) is a master regulator of infiltration, sprouting of endothelial cells, and microchannel formation of glial and phagocytic cells. A high level of TMEM230 expression was identified in patients with HGG, GBM, and U87-MG cells. In this study, we identified candidate genes and molecular pathways that support that aberrantly elevated levels of TMEM230 play an important role in regulating genes associated with the initial stages of cell infiltration and blood vessel and microchannel (also referred to as tumor microtubule) formation in the progression from low-grade to high-grade gliomas. As TMEM230 regulates infiltration, vascularization, and tissue destruction capacities of diverse cell types in the brain, TMEM230 is a promising cancer target for heterogeneous HGG tumors."
7351,brain tumour,38612761,Intranasal Administration of GRP78 Protein (HSPA5) Confers Neuroprotection in a Lactacystin-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease.,"The accumulation of misfolded and aggregated α-synuclein can trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR), leading to apoptotic cell death in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). As the major ER chaperone, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78/BiP/HSPA5) plays a key role in UPR regulation. GRP78 overexpression can modulate the UPR, block apoptosis, and promote the survival of nigral dopamine neurons in a rat model of α-synuclein pathology. Here, we explore the therapeutic potential of intranasal exogenous GRP78 for preventing or slowing PD-like neurodegeneration in a lactacystin-induced rat model. We show that intranasally-administered GRP78 rapidly enters the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and other afflicted brain regions. It is then internalized by neurons and microglia, preventing the development of the neurodegenerative process in the nigrostriatal system. Lactacystin-induced disturbances, such as the abnormal accumulation of phosphorylated pS129-α-synuclein and activation of the pro-apoptotic GRP78/PERK/eIF2α/CHOP/caspase-3,9 signaling pathway of the UPR, are substantially reversed upon GRP78 administration. Moreover, exogenous GRP78 inhibits both microglia activation and the production of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), via the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway in model animals. The neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory potential of exogenous GRP78 may inform the development of effective therapeutic agents for PD and other synucleinopathies."
7352,brain tumour,38612758,The MDM2-p53 Axis Represents a Therapeutic Vulnerability Unique to Glioma Stem Cells.,"The prevention of tumor recurrence by the successful targeting of glioma stem cells endowed with a tumor-initiating capacity is deemed the key to the long-term survival of glioblastoma patients. Glioma stem cells are characterized by their marked therapeutic resistance; however, recent evidence suggests that they have unique vulnerabilities that may be therapeutically targeted. We investigated MDM2 expression levels in glioma stem cells and their non-stem cell counterparts and the effects of the genetic and pharmacological inhibition of MDM2 on the viability of these cells as well as downstream molecular pathways. The results obtained showed that MDM2 expression was substantially higher in glioma stem cells than in their non-stem cell counterparts and also that the inhibition of MDM2, either genetically or pharmacologically, induced a more pronounced activation of the p53 pathway and apoptotic cell death in the former than in the latter. Specifically, the inhibition of MDM2 caused a p53-dependent increase in the expression of BAX and PUMA and a decrease in the expression of survivin, both of which significantly contributed to the apoptotic death of glioma stem cells. The present study identified the MDM2-p53 axis as a novel therapeutic vulnerability, or an Achilles' heel, which is unique to glioma stem cells. Our results, which suggest that non-stem, bulk tumor cells are less sensitive to MDM2 inhibitors, may help guide the selection of glioblastoma patients suitable for MDM2 inhibitor therapy."
7353,brain tumour,38612726,Targeting Group 3 Medulloblastoma by the Anti-PRUNE-1 and Anti-LSD1/KDM1A Epigenetic Molecules.,"Medulloblastoma (MB) is a highly malignant childhood brain tumor. Group 3 MB (Gr3 MB) is considered to have the most metastatic potential, and tailored therapies for Gr3 MB are currently lacking. Gr3 MB is driven by PRUNE-1 amplification or overexpression. In this paper, we found that PRUNE-1 was transcriptionally regulated by lysine demethylase LSD1/KDM1A. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting both PRUNE-1 and LSD1/KDM1A with the selective inhibitors AA7.1 and SP-2577, respectively. We found that the pharmacological inhibition had a substantial efficacy on targeting the metastatic axis driven by PRUNE-1 (PRUNE-1-OTX2-TGFβ-PTEN) in Gr3 MB. Using RNA seq transcriptomic feature data in Gr3 MB primary cells, we provide evidence that the combination of AA7.1 and SP-2577 positively affects neuronal commitment, confirmed by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive differentiation and the inhibition of the cytotoxic components of the tumor microenvironment and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by the down-regulation of N-Cadherin protein expression. We also identified an impairing action on the mitochondrial metabolism and, consequently, oxidative phosphorylation, thus depriving tumors cells of an important source of energy. Furthermore, by overlapping the genomic mutational signatures through WES sequence analyses with RNA seq transcriptomic feature data, we propose in this paper that the combination of these two small molecules can be used in a second-line treatment in advanced therapeutics against Gr3 MB. Our study demonstrates that the usage of PRUNE-1 and LSD1/KDM1A inhibitors in combination represents a novel therapeutic approach for these highly aggressive metastatic MB tumors."
7354,brain tumour,38612588,Comprehensive Analysis of Lung Adenocarcinoma and Brain Metastasis through Integrated Single-Cell Transcriptomics.,"Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a highly prevalent and lethal form of lung cancer, comprising approximately half of all cases. It is often diagnosed at advanced stages with brain metastasis (BM), resulting in high mortality rates. Current BM management involves complex interventions and conventional therapies that offer limited survival benefits with neurotoxic side effects. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex system where cancer cells interact with various elements, significantly influencing tumor behavior. Immunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, target the TME for cancer treatment. Despite their effectiveness, it is crucial to understand metastatic lung cancer and the specific characteristics of the TME, including cell-cell communication mechanisms, to refine treatments. Herein, we investigated the tumor microenvironment of brain metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD-BM) and primary tumors across various stages (I, II, III, and IV) using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) from publicly available datasets. Our analysis included exploring the immune and non-immune cell composition and the expression profiles and functions of cell type-specific genes, and investigating the interactions between different cells within the TME. Our results showed that T cells constitute the majority of immune cells present in primary tumors, whereas microglia represent the most dominant immune cell type in BM. Interestingly, microglia exhibit a significant increase in the COX pathway. Moreover, we have shown that microglia primarily interact with oligodendrocytes and endothelial cells. One significant interaction was identified between DLL4 and NOTCH4, which demonstrated a relevant association between endothelial cells and microglia and between microglia and oligodendrocytes. Finally, we observed that several genes within the HLA complex are suppressed in BM tissue. Our study reveals the complex molecular and cellular dynamics of BM-LUAD, providing a path for improved patient outcomes with personalized treatments and immunotherapies."
7355,brain tumour,38612419,The Novel SSTR3 Agonist ITF2984 Exerts Antimitotic and Proapoptotic Effects in Human Non-Functioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor (NF-PitNET) Cells.,"Somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) with high affinity for somatostatin receptors 2 and 5 (SSTR2 and SSTR5) are poorly efficacious in NF-PitNETs, expressing high levels of SSTR3. ITF2984 is a pan-SSTR ligand with high affinity for SSTR3, able to induce SSTR3 activation and to exert antitumoral activity in the MENX rat model. The aim of this study was to test ITF2984's antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in NF-PitNET primary cultured cells derived from surgically removed human tumors and to characterize their SSTR expression profile. We treated cells derived from 23 NF-PitNETs with ITF2984, and a subset of them with octreotide, pasireotide (SRLs with high affinity for SSTR2 or 5, respectively), or cabergoline (DRD2 agonist) and we measured cell proliferation and apoptosis. SSTR3, SSTR2, and SSTR5 expression in tumor tissues was analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. We demonstrated that ITF2984 reduced cell proliferation (-40.8 (17.08)%, "
7356,brain tumour,38612283,An Illustrated Scoping Review of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Canine and Feline Brain Tumors.,"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used pervasively in veterinary practice for the antemortem diagnosis of intracranial tumors. Here, we provide an illustrated summary of the published MRI features of primary and secondary intracranial tumors of dogs and cats, following PRISMA scoping review guidelines. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant records, and input from stakeholders was solicited to select data for extraction. Sixty-seven studies of moderate to low-level evidence quality describing the MRI features of pathologically confirmed canine and feline brain tumors met inclusion criteria. Considerable variability in data inclusion and reporting, as well as low case numbers, prohibited comparative data analyses. Available data support a holistic MRI approach incorporating lesion number, location within the brain, shape, intrinsic signal appearances on multiparametric sequences, patterns of contrast enhancement, and associated secondary changes in the brain to prioritize differential imaging diagnoses, and often allows for accurate presumptive diagnosis of common intracranial tumors. Quantitative MRI techniques show promise for improving discrimination of neoplastic from non-neoplastic brain lesions, as well as differentiating brain tumor types and grades, but sample size limitations will likely remain a significant practical obstacle to the design of robustly powered radiomic studies. For many brain tumor variants, particularly in cats, there remains a need for standardized studies that correlate clinicopathologic and neuroimaging data."
7357,brain tumour,38611962,New Avenues and Major Achievements in Phytocompounds Research for Glioblastoma Therapy.,"Phytocompounds have been evaluated for their anti-glioblastoma actions for decades, with promising results from preclinical studies but only limited translation into clinics. Indeed, by targeting multiple signaling pathways deregulated in cancer, they often show high efficacy in the in vitro studies, but their poor bioavailability, low tumor accumulation, and rapid clearance compromise their efficacy in vivo. Here, we present the new avenues in phytocompound research for the improvement of glioblastoma therapy, including the ways to enhance the response to temozolomide using phytochemicals, the current focus on phytocompound-based immunotherapy, or the use of phytocompounds as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy. Moreover, we present new, intensively evaluated approaches, such as chemical modifications of phytochemicals or encapsulation into numerous types of nanoformulations, to improve their bioavailability and delivery to the brain. Finally, we present the clinical trials evaluating the role of phytocompounds or phytocompound-derived drugs in glioblastoma therapy and the less studied phytocompounds or plant extracts that have only recently been found to possess promising anti-glioblastoma properties. Overall, recent advancements in phytocompound research are encouraging; however, only with more 3D glioblastoma models, in vivo studies, and clinical trials it is possible to upgrade the role of phytocompounds in glioblastoma treatment to a satisfactory level."
7358,brain tumour,38611661,Susceptibility-Weighted MRI for Predicting NF-2 Mutations and S100 Protein Expression in Meningiomas.,"S100 protein expression levels and neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF-2) mutations result in different disease courses in meningiomas. This study aimed to investigate non-invasive biomarkers of NF-2 copy number loss and S100 protein expression in meningiomas using morphological, radiomics, and deep learning-based features of susceptibility-weighted MRI (SWI). This retrospective study included 99 patients with S100 protein expression data and 92 patients with NF-2 copy number loss information. Preoperative cranial MRI was conducted using a 3T clinical MR scanner. Tumor volumes were segmented on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and subsequent registration of FLAIR to high-resolution SWI was performed. First-order textural features of SWI were extracted and assessed using Pyradiomics. Morphological features, including the tumor growth pattern, peritumoral edema, sinus invasion, hyperostosis, bone destruction, and intratumoral calcification, were semi-quantitatively assessed. Mann-Whitney U tests were utilized to assess the differences in the SWI features of meningiomas with and without S100 protein expression or NF-2 copy number loss. A logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between these features and the respective subgroups. Additionally, a convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to extract hierarchical features of SWI, which were subsequently employed in a light gradient boosting machine classifier to predict the NF-2 copy number loss and S100 protein expression. NF-2 copy number loss was associated with a higher risk of developing high-grade tumors. Additionally, elevated signal intensity and a decrease in entropy within the tumoral region on SWI were observed in meningiomas with S100 protein expression. On the other hand, NF-2 copy number loss was associated with lower SWI signal intensity, a growth pattern described as ""en plaque"", and the presence of calcification within the tumor. The logistic regression model achieved an accuracy of 0.59 for predicting NF-2 copy number loss and an accuracy of 0.70 for identifying S100 protein expression. Deep learning features demonstrated a strong predictive capability for S100 protein expression (AUC = 0.85 ± 0.06) and had reasonable success in identifying NF-2 copy number loss (AUC = 0.74 ± 0.05). In conclusion, SWI showed promise in identifying NF-2 copy number loss and S100 protein expression by revealing neovascularization and microcalcification characteristics in meningiomas."
7359,brain tumour,38611601,Diagnostic and Therapeutic Particularities of Symptomatic Melanoma Brain Metastases from Case Report to Literature Review.,"The recent introduction of immunotherapy and targeted therapy has substantially enriched the therapeutic landscape of metastatic melanoma. However, cerebral metastases remain unrelenting entities with atypical metabolic and genetic profiles compared to extracranial metastases, requiring combined approaches with local ablative treatment to alleviate symptoms, prevent recurrence and restore patients' biological and psychological resources for fighting malignancy. This paper aims to provide the latest scientific evidence about the rationale and timing of treatment, emphasizing the complementary roles of surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy in eradicating brain metastases, with a special focus on the distinct response of intracranial and extracranial disease, which are regarded as separate molecular entities. To illustrate the complexity of designing individualized therapeutic schemes, we report a case of delayed BRAF-mutant diagnosis, an aggressive forearm melanoma, in a presumed psychiatric patient whose symptoms were caused by cerebral melanoma metastases. The decision to administer molecularly targeted therapy was dictated by the urgency of diminishing the tumor burden for symptom control, due to potentially life-threatening complications caused by the flourishing of extracranial disease in locations rarely reported in living patients, further proving the necessity of multidisciplinary management."
7360,brain tumour,38611589,Evolution of a Meningothelial Meningioma: From WHO Grade 1 to Anaplastic Grade 3 with Extracranial Metastasis Including Extensive Liver Metastasis.,"A 61-year-old patient was diagnosed with a left-sided falx meningioma. Histopathological analysis following extirpation showed a meningothelial meningioma ZNS WHO grade 1 with sparse mitoses. Over the course of 12 years, the patient received irradiation (54.0 Gy), peptide radio-receptor therapy ("
7361,brain tumour,38611052,MGMT Methylation and Differential Survival Impact by Sex in Glioblastoma.,
7362,brain tumour,38611039,Zebrafish-A Suitable Model for Rapid Translation of Effective Therapies for Pediatric Cancers.,"Pediatric cancers are the leading cause of disease-related deaths in children and adolescents. Most of these tumors are difficult to treat and have poor overall survival. Concerns have also been raised about drug toxicity and long-term detrimental side effects of therapies. In this review, we discuss the advantages and unique attributes of zebrafish as pediatric cancer models and their importance in targeted drug discovery and toxicity assays. We have also placed a special focus on zebrafish models of pediatric brain cancers-the most common and difficult solid tumor to treat."
7363,brain tumour,38611021,Differential Competitive Growth of Transgenic Subclones of Neuroblastoma Cells Expressing Different Levels of Cathepsin D Co-Cultured in 2D and 3D in Response to EGF: Implications in Tumor Heterogeneity and Metastasis.,"Neuroblastoma (NB) is an embryonal tumor arising from the sympathetic central nervous system. The epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a role in NB growth and metastatic behavior. Recently, we have demonstrated that cathepsin D (CD) contrasts EGF-induced NB cell growth in 2D by downregulating EGFR/MAPK signaling. Aggressive NB is highly metastatic to the bone and the brain. In the metastatic process, adherent cells detach to form clusters of suspended cells that adhere once they reach the metastatic site and form secondary colonies. Whether CD is involved in the survival of metastatic NB clones is not known. Therefore, in this study, we addressed how CD differentially affects cell growth in suspension versus the adherent condition. To mimic tumor heterogeneity, we co-cultured transgenic clones silenced for or overexpressing CD. We compared the growth kinetics of such mixed clones in 2D and 3D models in response to EGF, and we found that the Over CD clone had an advantage for growth in suspension, while the CD knocked-down clone was favored for the adherent growth in 2D. Interestingly, on switching from 3D to 2D culture conditions, the expression of E-cadherin and of N-cadherin increased in the KD-CD and Over CD clones, respectively. The fact that CD plays a dual role in cancer cell growth in 2D and 3D conditions indicates that during clonal evolution, subclones expressing different level of CD may arise, which confers survival and growth advantages depending on the metastatic step. By searching the TCGA database, we found up to 38 miRNAs capable of downregulating CD. Interestingly, these miRNAs are associated with biological processes controlling cell adhesion and cell migration. The present findings support the view that during NB growth on a substrate or when spreading as floating neurospheres, CD expression is epigenetically modulated to confer survival advantage. Thus, epigenetic targeting of CD could represent an additional strategy to prevent NB metastases."
7364,brain tumour,38610979,Tumour Size and Overall Survival in a Cohort of Patients with Unifocal Glioblastoma: A Uni- and Multivariable Prognostic Modelling and Resampling Study.,"Published models inconsistently associate glioblastoma size with overall survival (OS). This study aimed to investigate the prognostic effect of tumour size in a large cohort of patients diagnosed with GBM and interrogate how sample size and non-linear transformations may impact on the likelihood of finding a prognostic effect. In total, 279 patients with a IDH-wildtype unifocal WHO grade 4 GBM between 2014 and 2020 from a retrospective cohort were included. Uni-/multivariable association between core volume, whole volume (CV and WV), and diameter with OS was assessed with (1) Cox proportional hazard models +/- log transformation and (2) resampling with 1,000,000 repetitions and varying sample size to identify the percentage of models, which showed a significant effect of tumour size. Models adjusted for operation type and a diameter model adjusted for all clinical variables remained significant ("
7365,brain tumour,38610968,An MRI Radiomics Approach to Predict the Hypercoagulable Status of Gliomas.,"Venous thromboembolic events are frequent complications of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) and low-grade gliomas (LGGs). The overexpression of tissue factor (TF) plays an essential role in the local hypercoagulable phenotype that underlies these complications. Our aim was to build an MRI radiomics model for the non-invasive exploration of the hypercoagulable status of LGG/GBM. Radiogenomics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and REMBRANDT (Repository for molecular BRAin Neoplasia DaTa) cohorts were used. A logistic regression model (Radscore) was built in order to identify the top 20% TF-expressing tumors, considered to be at high thromboembolic risk. The most contributive MRI radiomics features from LGG/GBM linked to high TF were identified in TCGA using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. A logistic regression model was built, whose performance was analyzed with ROC in the TCGA/training and REMBRANDT/validation cohorts: AUC = 0.87 [CI"
7366,brain tumour,38610944,A Biopsy-Controlled Prospective Study of Contrast-Enhancing Diffuse Glioma Infiltration Based on FET-PET and FLAIR.,"Accurately defining glioma infiltration is crucial for optimizing radiotherapy and surgery, but glioma infiltration is heterogeneous and MRI imperfectly defines the tumor extent. Currently, it is impossible to determine the tumor infiltration gradient within a FLAIR signal. O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET)-PET often reveals high-grade glioma infiltration beyond contrast-enhancing areas on MRI. Here, we studied FET uptake dynamics in tumor and normal brain structures by dual-timepoint (10 min and 40-60 min post-injection) acquisition to optimize analysis protocols for defining glioma infiltration. Over 300 serial stereotactic biopsies from 23 patients (mean age 47, 12 female/11 male) of diffuse contrast-enhancing gliomas were taken from areas inside and outside contrast enhancement or outside the FET hotspot but inside FLAIR. The final diagnosis was G4 in 11, grade 3 in 10, and grade 2 in 2 patients. The target-to-background (TBRs) ratios and standardized uptake values (SUVs) were calculated in areas used for biopsy planning and in background structures. The optimal method and threshold values were determined to find a preferred strategy for defining glioma infiltration. Standard thresholding (1.6× uptake in the contralateral brain) in standard acquisition PET images differentiated a tumor of any grade from astrogliosis, although the uptake in astrogliosis and grade 2 glioma was similar. Analyzing an optimal strategy for infiltration volume definition astrogliosis could be accurately differentiated from tumor samples using a choroid plexus as a background. Early acquisition improved the AUC in many cases, especially within FLAIR, from 56% to 90% sensitivity and 41% to 61% specificity (standard TBR 1.6 vs. early TBR plexus). The current FET-PET evaluation protocols for contrast-enhancing gliomas are limited, especially at the tumor border where grade 2 tumor and astrogliosis have similar uptake, but using choroid plexus uptake in early acquisitions as a background, we can precisely define a tumor within FLAIR that was outside of the scope of current FET-PET protocols."
7367,brain tumour,38610093,Symptomatic brain metastases in melanoma.,"Although clinical outcomes in metastatic melanoma have improved in recent years, the morbidity and mortality of symptomatic brain metastases remain challenging. Response rates and survival outcomes of patients with symptomatic melanoma brain metastases (MBM) are significantly inferior to patients with asymptomatic disease. This review focusses upon the specific challenges associated with the management of symptomatic MBM, discussing current treatment paradigms, obstacles to improving clinical outcomes and directions for future research."
7368,brain tumour,38610031,"Pamiparib as consolidation treatment after concurrent chemoradiotherapy of limited-stage small cell lung cancer: a single-arm, open-label phase 2 trial.","Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is highly invasive with poor prognosis, and its treatment has historically been hindered due to the absence of targetable driver genomic alterations. However, the high genomic instability and replication stress in SCLC have made poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) inhibitors a focus of research. Pamiparib is an orally available PARP1/2 inhibitor with high selectivity, strong PARP trapping activity, and excellent brain penetration. Utilizing pamiparib as consolidation maintenance therapy in limited-stage SCLC holds promise for improving survival outcomes and offering a viable therapeutic approach."
7369,brain tumour,38609947,Finely tuned ionizable lipid nanoparticles for CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein delivery and gene editing.,"Nonviral delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system provides great benefits for in vivo gene therapy due to the low risk of side effects. However, in vivo gene editing by delivering the Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) is challenging due to the poor delivery into target tissues and cells. Here, we introduce an effective delivery method for the CRISPR/Cas9 RNPs by finely tuning the formulation of ionizable lipid nanoparticles. The LNPs delivering CRISPR/Cas9 RNPs (CrLNPs) are demonstrated to induce gene editing with high efficiencies in various cancer cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, we show that CrLNPs can be delivered into tumor tissues with high efficiency, as well as induce significant gene editing in vivo. The current study presents an effective platform for nonviral delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system that can be applied as an in vivo gene editing therapeutic for treating various diseases such as cancer and genetic disorders."
7370,brain tumour,38609825,Pilocytic Astrocytoma of the fourth ventricle: A case report.,No abstract found
7371,brain tumour,38609519,Central neurocytoma exhibits radial glial cell signatures with FGFR3 hypomethylation and overexpression.,"We explored the genomic events underlying central neurocytoma (CN), a rare neoplasm of the central nervous system, via multiomics approaches, including whole-exome sequencing, bulk and single-nuclei RNA sequencing, and methylation sequencing. We identified FGFR3 hypomethylation leading to FGFR3 overexpression as a major event in the ontogeny of CN that affects crucial downstream events, such as aberrant PI3K-AKT activity and neuronal development pathways. Furthermore, we found similarities between CN and radial glial cells based on analyses of gene markers and CN tumor cells and postulate that CN tumorigenesis is due to dysregulation of radial glial cell differentiation into neurons. Our data demonstrate the potential role of FGFR3 as one of the leading drivers of tumorigenesis in CN."
7372,brain tumour,38609422,MiRNAs from the Dlk1-Dio3 locus and miR-224/452 cluster contribute to glioblastoma tumor heterogeneity.,"Glioblastoma is one of the most common and aggressive brain tumors and has seen few improvements in patient outcomes. Inter-tumor heterogeneity between tumors of different patients as well as intra-tumor heterogeneity of cells within the same tumor challenge the development of effective drugs. MiRNAs play an essential role throughout the developing brain and regulate many key genes involved in oncogenesis, yet their role in driving many of the processes underlying tumor heterogeneity remains unclear. In this study, we highlight miRNAs from the Dlk1-Dio3 and miR-224/452 clusters which may be expressed cell autonomously and have expression that is associated with cell state genes in glioblastoma, most prominently in neural progenitor-like and mesenchymal-like states respectively. These findings implicate these miRNA clusters as potential regulators of glioblastoma intra-tumoral heterogeneity and may serve as valuable biomarkers for cell state identification."
7373,brain tumour,38609388,Endothelial DR6 in blood-brain barrier malfunction in Alzheimer's disease.,"The impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been increasingly recognised as a critical element in the early pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), prompting a focus on brain endothelial cells (BECs), which serve as the primary constituents of the BBB. Death receptor 6 (DR6) is highly expressed in brain vasculature and acts downstream of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to promote BBB formation during development. Here, we found that brain endothelial DR6 levels were significantly reduced in a murine model of AD (APP"
7374,brain tumour,38609112,"THE EFFECT OF A MULTIMODAL APPROACH ON THE RESULTS OF TREATMENT IN SURGERY: INTEGRATION OF CHEMOTHERAPY, SURGERY, AND RADIOTHERAPY.","This study investigates the safety and efficacy of a multimodal approach, integrating radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery for the management of cancer patients. This review systematically reviewed English-language literature from digital repositories, namely Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library. The search strategy employed a targeted selection of keywords: ""chemotherapy,"" ""radiotherapy,"" ""multimodal,"" and ""surgery,"" encompassing publications published before January 2024. This comprehensive approach was designed to encapsulate the breadth of existing research on the integration of these therapeutic modalities in cancer treatment, ensuring a robust analysis of their collective efficacy and safety. While existing literature has examined the efficacy and safety of the multimodal approach in various cancer types, each study typically focuses on a single type, such as breast, brain, or bladder cancer. This review is distinguished by its evaluation of the approach's efficacy across different cancer types, including but not limited to breast, bladder, esophageal, salivary gland, and cervical cancers. The integration of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy emerges as the optimal strategy for cancer management, irrespective of cancer type or location. This approach is linked to the highest rates of disease-free survival, overall survival, and the lowest complication rates. However, further high-quality randomized trials are necessary to accurately assess the efficacy of this integrated approach in managing various cancer types."
7375,brain tumour,38609002,Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG): A review of current and emerging treatment strategies.,"Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a childhood malignancy of the brainstem with a dismal prognosis. Despite recent advances in its understanding at the molecular level, the prognosis of DIPG has remained unchanged. This article aims to review the current understanding of the genetic pathophysiology of DIPG and to highlight promising therapeutic targets. Various DIPG treatment strategies have been investigated in pre-clinical studies, several of which have shown promise and have been subsequently translated into ongoing clinical trials. Ultimately, a multifaceted therapeutic approach that targets cell-intrinsic alterations, the micro-environment, and augments the immune system will likely be necessary to eradicate DIPG."
7376,brain tumour,38608813,"Intraventricular Glioma in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review of Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes.","We conducted a systematic review on pediatric intraventricular gliomas to survey the patient population, tumor characteristics, management, and outcomes."
7377,brain tumour,38608808,Enhancing the Extent of Resection in Glioma Surgery Through the Integration of Intraoperative Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Fluorescein Sodium.,"Due to the infiltrative nature and high local recurrence of gliomas, particularly high-grade gliomas, gross total resection (GTR) of a tumor is the first critical step in treatment. This study aimed to determine whether the integration of intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and fluorescein sodium can improve the identification of tumor boundaries and residuals, and increasethe extent of resection (EOR) to better protect neurological function."
7378,brain tumour,38608763,The network structures of depressive and insomnia symptoms among cancer patients using propensity score matching: Findings from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS).,Both depression and insomnia are found to be more prevalent in cancer patients compared to the general population. This study compared the network structures of depression and insomnia among cancer patients versus cancer-free participants (controls hereafter).
7379,brain tumour,38608672,Reconciling the Cooperative-Competitive Patterns among Tumor and Immune Cells for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Using Multimodule Nanocomplexes.,"Targeting the competitive-cooperative relationships among tumor cells and various immune cells can efficiently reverse the immune-dysfunction microenvironment to boost the immunotherapies for the triple-negative breast cancer treatment. Hence, a bacterial outer membrane vesicle-based nanocomplex is designed for specifically targeting malignant cells and immune cells to reconcile the relationships based on metabolic-immune crosstalk. By uniquely utilizing the property of charge-reversal polymers to realize function separation, the nanocomplexes could synergistically regulate tumor cells and immune cells. This approach could reshape the immunosuppressive competition-cooperation pattern into one that is immune-responsive, showcasing significant potential for inducing tumor remission in TNBC models."
7380,brain tumour,38608433,Linagliptin decreased the tumor progression on glioblastoma model.,"Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are oral hypoglycemic drugs and are used for type II diabetes. Previous studies showed that DPP-4 expression is observed in several tumor types and DPP-4 inhibitors suppress the tumor progression on murine tumor models. In this study, we evaluated the role of DPP-4 and the antitumor effect of a DPP-4 inhibitor, linagliptin, on glioblastoma (GBM)."
7381,brain tumour,38608308,Association of disruption of the right posterior arcuate fasciculus with spatial neglect.,"Spatial neglect is a debilitating condition observed in patients with right-sided brain injuries in whom there is defective awareness of the contralesional space. Although classically considered a right parietal lobe deficit, there has been increasing interest in the specific white matter (WM) architecture subserving spatial neglect. Patients who have lesions associated with chronic disruptions in visuospatial networks are of significant relevance in elucidating the WM tracts associated with spatial attention. In this study, the authors used two independent analytical methods to examine the relationship between WM connectivity changes and spatial attention."
7382,brain tumour,38608304,Use of circulating tumor cells and microemboli to predict diagnosis and prognosis in diffuse glioma.,"Circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection is a promising noninvasive technique that can be used to diagnose cancer, monitor progression, and predict prognosis. In this study, the authors aimed to investigate the clinical utility of CTCs in the management of diffuse glioma."
7383,brain tumour,38608296,Ventricular catheter tissue obstruction and shunt malfunction in 9 hydrocephalus etiologies.,"Hydrocephalus is a neurological disorder with an incidence of 80-125 per 100,000 births in the United States. The most common treatment, ventricular shunting, has a failure rate of up to 85% within 10 years of placement. The authors aimed to analyze the association between ventricular catheter (VC) tissue obstructions and shunt malfunction for each hydrocephalus etiology."
7384,brain tumour,38608213,Systematic Review of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker Discovery in Neuro-Oncology: A Roadmap to Standardization and Clinical Application.,"Effective diagnosis, prognostication, and management of CNS malignancies traditionally involves invasive brain biopsies that pose significant risk to the patient. Sampling and molecular profiling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a safer, rapid, and noninvasive alternative that offers a snapshot of the intracranial milieu while overcoming the challenge of sampling error that plagues conventional brain biopsy. Although numerous biomarkers have been identified, translational challenges remain, and standardization of protocols is necessary. Here, we systematically reviewed 141 studies (Medline, SCOPUS, and Biosis databases; between January 2000 and September 29, 2022) that molecularly profiled CSF from adults with brain malignancies including glioma, brain metastasis, and primary and secondary CNS lymphomas. We provide an overview of promising CSF biomarkers, propose CSF reporting guidelines, and discuss the various considerations that go into biomarker discovery, including the influence of blood-brain barrier disruption, cell of origin, and site of CSF acquisition (eg, lumbar and ventricular). We also performed a meta-analysis of proteomic data sets, identifying biomarkers in CNS malignancies and establishing a resource for the research community."
7385,brain tumour,38607967,NF1 mutation-driven neuronal hyperexcitability sets a threshold for tumorigenesis and therapeutic targeting of murine optic glioma.,"With the recognition that noncancerous cells function as critical regulators of brain tumor growth, we recently demonstrated that neurons drive low-grade glioma initiation and progression. Using mouse models of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-associated optic pathway glioma (OPG), we showed that Nf1 mutation induces neuronal hyperexcitability and midkine expression, which activates an immune axis to support tumor growth, such that high-dose lamotrigine treatment reduces Nf1-OPG proliferation. Herein, we execute a series of complementary experiments to address several key knowledge gaps relevant to future clinical translation."
7386,brain tumour,38607550,"Pediatric hemispheric cerebellar low-grade gliomas: clinical approach, diagnosis, and management challenges-experience at a tertiary care children's hospital.","This study aims to provide an exhaustive analysis of pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) in the cerebellar hemispheres, focusing on incidence, clinical characteristics, surgical outcomes, and prognosis. It seeks to enhance understanding and management of pLGGs in the pediatric population."
7387,brain tumour,38607407,Recent advances in tyrosine kinase inhibitors VEGFR 1-3 for the treatment of advanced metastatic melanoma.,"Increasing evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling in melanoma progression, response to therapy, and overall survival. Moreover, the discovery of the potential involvement of the VEGF pathway in resistance to immunotherapy has led to new clinical trials with VEGFR inhibitors."
7388,brain tumour,38607326,Macrophage membrane-camouflaged nanoclusters of ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles for precision glioma theranostics.,"Developing effective nanomedicines to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for efficient glioma theranostics is still considered to be a challenging task. Here, we describe the development of macrophage membrane (MM)-coated nanoclusters (NCs) of ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles (USIO NPs) with dual pH- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsivenesses for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and chemotherapy/chemodynamic therapy (CDT) of orthotopic glioma. Surface citrate-stabilized USIO NPs were solvothermally synthesized, sequentially modified with ethylenediamine and phenylboronic acid, and cross-linked with gossypol to form gossypol-USIO NCs (G-USIO NCs), which were further coated with MMs. The prepared MM-coated G-USIO NCs (G-USIO@MM NCs) with a mean size of 99.9 nm display tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive gossypol and Fe release to promote intracellular ROS production and glutathione consumption. With the MM-mediated BBB crossing and glioma targeting, the G-USIO@MM NCs can specifically inhibit orthotopic glioma "
7389,brain tumour,38607297,Roles and interactions of tumor microenvironment components in medulloblastoma with implications for novel therapeutics.,"Medulloblastomas, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumors, can be classified into the wingless, sonic hedgehog (SHH), group 3, and group 4 subgroups. Among them, the SHH subgroup with the TP53 mutation and group 3 generally present with the worst patient outcomes due to their high rates of recurrence and metastasis. A novel and effective treatment for refractory medulloblastomas is urgently needed. To date, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been shown to influence tumor growth, recurrence, and metastasis through immunosuppression, angiogenesis, and chronic inflammation. Treatments targeting TME components have emerged as promising approaches to the treatment of solid tumors. In this review, we summarize progress in research on medulloblastoma microenvironment components and their interactions. We also discuss challenges and future research directions for TME-targeting medulloblastoma therapy."
7390,brain tumour,38607250,Molecular pathology of small cell lung cancer: Overview from studies on neuroendocrine differentiation regulated by ASCL1 and Notch signaling.,"Pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) cells are rare airway epithelial cells. The balance between Achaete-scute complex homolog 1 (ASCL1) and hairy and enhancer of split 1, one of the target molecules of the Notch signaling pathway, is crucial for NE differentiation. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive lung tumor, characterized by rapid cell proliferation, a high metastatic potential, and the acquisition of resistance to treatment. The subtypes of SCLC are defined by the expression status of NE cell-lineage transcription factors, such as ASCL1, which roles are supported by SRY-box 2, insulinoma-associated protein 1, NK2 homeobox 1, and wingless-related integration site signaling. This network reinforces NE differentiation and may induce the characteristic morphology and chemosensitivity of SCLC. Notch signaling mediates cell-fate decisions, resulting in an NE to non-NE fate switch. The suppression of NE differentiation may change the histological type of SCLC to a non-SCLC morphology. In SCLC with NE differentiation, Notch signaling is typically inactive and genetically or epigenetically regulated. However, Notch signaling may be activated after chemotherapy, and, in concert with Yes-associated protein signaling and RE1-silencing transcription factor, suppresses NE differentiation, producing intratumor heterogeneity and chemoresistance. Accumulated information on the molecular mechanisms of SCLC will contribute to further advances in the control of this recalcitrant cancer."
7391,brain tumour,38607080,Cell Membrane Fragment-Wrapped Parenteral Nanoemulsions: A New Drug Delivery Tool to Target Gliomas.,"Poor prognosis in high-grade gliomas is mainly due to fatal relapse after surgical resection in the absence of efficient chemotherapy, which is severely hampered by the blood-brain barrier. However, the leaky blood-brain-tumour barrier forms upon tumour growth and vascularization, allowing targeted nanocarrier-mediated drug delivery. The homotypic targeting ability of cell-membrane fragments obtained from cancer cells means that these fragments can be exploited to this aim. In this experimental work, injectable nanoemulsions, which have a long history of safe clinic usage, have been wrapped in glioma-cell membrane fragments via co-extrusion to give targeted, homogeneously sized, sterile formulations. These systems were then loaded with three different chemotherapeutics, in the form of hydrophobic ion pairs that can be released into the target site thanks to interactions with physiological components. The numerous assays performed in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell models demonstrate that the proposed approach is a versatile drug-delivery platform with chemo-tactic properties towards glioma cells, with adhesive interactions between the target cell and the cell membrane fragments most likely being responsible for the effect. This approach's promising translational perspectives towards personalized nanomedicine mean that further "
7392,brain tumour,38607073,Upregulation of the Renin-Angiotensin System Is Associated with Patient Survival and the Tumour Microenvironment in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive disease with poor survival outcomes. An emerging body of literature links the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), well-known for its function in the cardiovascular system, to the progression of cancers. We studied the expression of RAS-related genes ("
7393,brain tumour,38607071,"A Novel Approach for Glioblastoma Treatment by Combining Apoptosis Inducers (TMZ, MTX, and Cytarabine) with E.V.A. (Eltanexor, Venetoclax, and A1210477) Inhibiting XPO1, Bcl-2, and Mcl-1.","Adjuvant treatment for Glioblastoma Grade 4 with Temozolomide (TMZ) inevitably fails due to therapeutic resistance, necessitating new approaches. Apoptosis induction in GB cells is inefficient, due to an excess of anti-apoptotic XPO1/Bcl-2-family proteins. We assessed TMZ, Methotrexate (MTX), and Cytarabine (Ara-C) (apoptosis inducers) combined with XPO1/Bcl-2/Mcl-1-inhibitors (apoptosis rescue) in GB cell lines and primary GB stem-like cells (GSCs). Using CellTiter-Glo"
7394,brain tumour,38607056,Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Based Therapy against Gliomas.,"Glioblastoma is the most aggressive, malignant, and lethal brain tumor of the central nervous system. Its poor prognosis lies in its inefficient response to currently available treatments that consist of surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Recently, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a possible kind of cell therapy against glioblastoma is gaining great interest due to their immunomodulatory properties, tumor tropism, and differentiation into other cell types. However, MSCs seem to present both antitumor and pro-tumor properties depending on the tissue from which they come. In this work, the possibility of using MSCs to deliver therapeutic genes, oncolytic viruses, and miRNA is presented, as well as strategies that can improve their therapeutic efficacy against glioblastoma, such as CAR-T cells, nanoparticles, and exosomes."
7395,brain tumour,38607036,CD99 Expression and Prognostic Impact in Glioblastoma: A Single-Center Cohort Study.,"Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive brain tumor in adults. This study aims to evaluate the expression and prognostic impact of CD99, a membrane glycoprotein involved in cellular migration and invasion. In a cohort of patients with glioblastoma treated with surgery, radiotherapy and temozolomide, we retrospectively analyzed tumor expression of CD99 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for both the wild type (CD99wt) and the truncated (CD99sh) isoforms. The impact on overall survival (OS) was assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test and by multivariable Cox regression. Forty-six patients with glioblastoma entered this study. Immunohistochemical expression of CD99 was present in 83%. Only the CD99wt isoform was detected by qRT-PCR and was significantly correlated with CD99 expression evaluated by IHC (rho = 0.309, "
7396,brain tumour,38607010,Changes Induced by P2X7 Receptor Stimulation of Human Glioblastoma Stem Cells in the Proteome of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Their Secretome.,"Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from many tumors, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and lethal brain tumor in adults, which shows high resistance to current therapies and poor patient prognosis. Given the high relevance of the information provided by cancer cell secretome, we performed a proteomic analysis of microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes (EXOs) released from GBM-derived stem cells (GSCs). The latter, obtained from the brain of GBM patients, expressed P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs), which positively correlate with GBM growth and invasiveness. P2X7R stimulation of GSCs caused significant changes in the EV content, mostly ex novo inducing or upregulating the expression of proteins related to cytoskeleton reorganization, cell motility/spreading, energy supply, protection against oxidative stress, chromatin remodeling, and transcriptional regulation. Most of the induced/upregulated proteins have already been identified as GBM diagnostic/prognostic factors, while others have only been reported in peripheral tumors. Our findings indicate that P2X7R stimulation enhances the transport and, therefore, possible intercellular exchange of GBM aggressiveness-increasing proteins by GSC-derived EVs. Thus, P2X7Rs could be considered a new druggable target of human GBM, although these data need to be confirmed in larger experimental sets."
7397,brain tumour,38606864,A Systematic Review of the Association between Psychological Resilience and Improved Psychosocial Outcomes in Prostate Cancer Patients. Could Resilience Training Have a Potential Role?,"A high incidence of psychosocial problems in prostate cancer patients has been reported including anxiety, depression and distress. These can add to the patients' disease burden and have been associated with unfavorable cancer treatment outcomes. Interventions designed to address them have found limited success, but psychological resilience (PR) training has never been formally tested. The measurement of PR in prostate cancer patients has been described and has been associated with more favorable psychosocial outcomes in these patients but it has never been systematically reviewed. The aim of this study was to conduct the first systematic review of those studies that have measured it using standardized scales and to determine the potential for resilience training to help overcome the significant psychosocial problems faced by prostate cancer patients."
7398,brain tumour,38606859,Secondary Cancer after Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Prostate Cancer: A Nationwide Study.,"Androgen signaling is associated with various secondary cancer, which could be promising for potential treatment using androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). This study investigated whether ADT use was associated with secondary cancers other than prostate cancer in a nationwide population-based cohort."
7399,brain tumour,38606731,Prognostic factors and predictive models for patients with lung large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: Based on SEER database.,"Lung Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare, aggressive, high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma with a poor prognosis, mainly seen in elderly men. To date, we have found no studies on predictive models for LCNEC."
7400,brain tumour,38606716,"Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of [",Compounds 
7401,brain tumour,38606513,Lidocaine attenuates TMZ resistance and inhibits cell migration by modulating the MET pathway in glioblastoma cells.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of malignant brain tumor. Currently, the predominant clinical treatment is the combination of surgical resection with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy, using temozolomide (TMZ) as the primary chemotherapy drug. Lidocaine, a widely used amide‑based local anesthetic, has been found to have a significant anticancer effect. It has been reported that aberrant hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/mesenchymal‑epithelial transition factor (MET) signaling plays a role in the progression of brain tumors. However, it remains unclear whether lidocaine can regulate the MET pathway in GBM. In the present study, the clinical importance of the HGF/MET pathway was analyzed using bioinformatics. By establishing TMZ‑resistant cell lines, the impact of combined treatment with lidocaine and TMZ was investigated. Additionally, the effects of lidocaine on cellular function were also examined and confirmed using knockdown techniques. The current findings revealed that the HGF/MET pathway played a key role in brain cancer, and its activation in GBM was associated with increased malignancy and poorer patient outcomes. Elevated HGF levels and activation of its receptor were found to be associated with TMZ resistance in GBM cells. Lidocaine effectively suppressed the HGF/MET pathway, thereby restoring TMZ sensitivity in TMZ‑resistant cells. Furthermore, lidocaine also inhibited cell migration. Overall, these results indicated that inhibiting the HGF/MET pathway using lidocaine can enhance the sensitivity of GBM cells to TMZ and reduce cell migration, providing a potential basis for developing novel therapeutic strategies for GBM."
7402,brain tumour,38606460,Recent advances in targeted drug delivery for the treatment of glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the highly malignant brain tumors characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the recent advancements in the treatment of GBM, major challenges persist in achieving controlled drug delivery to tumors. The management of GBM poses considerable difficulties primarily due to unresolved issues in the blood-brain barrier (BBB)/blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB) and GBM microenvironment. These factors limit the uptake of anti-cancer drugs by the tumor, thus limiting the therapeutic options. Current breakthroughs in nanotechnology provide new prospects concerning unconventional drug delivery approaches for GBM treatment. Specifically, swimming nanorobots show great potential in active targeted delivery, owing to their autonomous propulsion and improved navigation capacities across biological barriers, which further facilitate the development of GBM-targeted strategies. This review presents an overview of technological progress in different drug administration methods for GBM. Additionally, the limitations in clinical translation and future research prospects in this field are also discussed. This review aims to provide a comprehensive guideline for researchers and offer perspectives on further development of new drug delivery therapies to combat GBM."
7403,brain tumour,38606301,Prohibitin Expression in Antigen-Presenting Cells: Implications for Inciting Trigger in CNS IgG4-Related Disease.,"Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare autoimmune disorder with an unknown etiology. Using orthogonal immune profiling and automated sequential multiplexing, we found an enhanced frequency of activated circulating B cells, antigen-presenting myeloid cells in peripheral blood, and a distinct distribution of immune cells within the CNS lesions. Prohibitin-expressing CD138+ plasma B cells and CD11c+ dendritic cells have been found interacting with T cells resulting in irmnune cell activation within the lesion. The data implicate prohibitin as a potential triggering antigen in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD and shed light on the cellular dynamics and interactions driving IgG4-RD in the central nervous system, emphasizing the need for further studies corroborating these findings."
7404,brain tumour,38606262,Self-Shielding Gyroscopic Radiosurgery: A Prospective Experience and Analysis of the First 100 Patients.,"Background Stereotactic radiosurgery is a well-established treatment option for the management of various benign and malignant brain tumors. It can be delivered with several treatment platforms, usually requiring shielded radiation vaults to meet regulatory safety requirements. Recent technical advances have led to the first self-shielding platform enabling the delivery of gyroscopic radiosurgery (GRS). Given the limited number of GRS treatment platforms, the novelty of its characteristics, and the lack of available data, we report our prospective experience with the first 100 patients treated with GRS. Materials and methods Patients undergoing GRS for the treatment of intracranial tumors were enrolled in this prospective study. Patient and treatment characteristics, including patient satisfaction, were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 100 patients with 155 tumors were treated. The most commonly treated tumors comprised brain metastases (BM) (49%), vestibular schwannomas (31%), and meningiomas (14%). The median prescription dose for malignant and benign tumors was 20 and 13 Gy, respectively. The median prescription isodose line was 56%. Gross tumor volumes were small, with a median of 0.37 cc for BM and 0.92 cc for the other entities. The median total treatment time was 40 minutes. Dosimetric performance indices showed median values of 1.20 (conformity index), 1.24 (new conformity index), 1.74 (homogeneity index), and 3.13 (gradient index). Volumetric assessment of the treated tumors showed an overall decrease in size at the first available follow-up. Most patients were satisfied with the treatment experience. Conclusion Our first prospective experience of the use of GRS is favorable. Analyses of the dosimetric performance, treatment times, volumetric assessment, and patient satisfaction demonstrate its suitability for stereotactic treatments of intracranial tumors. Further prospective clinical and dosimetric analyses for GRS are pending."
7405,brain tumour,38606198,Identification of Novel Molecular and Clinical Biomarkers of Survival in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients: A Study Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas Data.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent type of brain tumour; although advancements in treatment have been made, the median survival time for GBM patients has persisted at 15 months. This study is aimed at investigating the genetic alterations and clinical features of GBM patients to find predictors of survival. GBM patients' methylation and gene expression data along with clinical information from TCGA were retrieved. The most overrepresented pathways were identified independently for each omics dataset. From the genes found in at least 30% of these pathways, one gene that was identified in both sets was further examined using the Kaplan-Meier method for survival analysis. Additionally, three groups of patients who started radio and chemotherapy at different times were identified, and the influence of these variations in treatment modality on patient survival was evaluated. Four pathways that seemed to negatively impact survival and two with the opposite effect were identified. The methylation status of "
7406,brain tumour,38606096,Case report: when art is faced with brain surgery: acute change in creative style in a painter after glioma resection.,"Strong interactions between art and health are well-known. While advances in brain surgery resulted in an improved preservation of sensorimotor, visuospatial, language and cognitive functions, creative abilities received less attention. However, creativity may represent a critical issue to resume an optimal quality of life, especially in artists. Here, a unique case of sudden change in creative style in a painter who underwent glioma resection is described. This prompts to explore further creative thinking and its clinical implications in routine practice."
7407,brain tumour,38606090,Cuproptosis in glioblastoma: unveiling a novel prognostic model and therapeutic potential.,"Glioblastoma, a notably aggressive brain tumor, is characterized by a brief survival period and resistance to conventional therapeutic approaches. With the recent identification of ""Cuproptosis,"" a copper-dependent apoptosis mechanism, this study aimed to explore its role in glioblastoma prognosis and potential therapeutic implications. A comprehensive methodology was employed, starting with the identification and analysis of 65 cuproptosis-related genes. These genes were subjected to differential expression analyses between glioblastoma tissues and normal counterparts. A novel metric, the ""CP-score,"" was devised to quantify the cuproptosis response in glioblastoma patients. Building on this, a prognostic model, the CP-model, was developed using Cox regression techniques, designed to operate on both bulk and single-cell data. The differential expression analysis revealed 31 genes with distinct expression patterns in glioblastoma. The CP-score was markedly elevated in glioblastoma patients, suggesting an intensified cuproptosis response. The CP-model adeptly stratified patients into distinct risk categories, unveiling intricate associations between glioblastoma prognosis, immune response pathways, and the tumor's immunological environment. Further analyses indicated that high-risk patients, as per the CP-model, exhibited heightened expression of certain immune checkpoints, suggesting potential therapeutic targets. Additionally, the model hinted at the possibility of personalized therapeutic strategies, with certain drugs showing increased efficacy in high-risk patients. The CP-model offers a promising tool for glioblastoma prognosis and therapeutic strategy development, emphasizing the potential of Cuproptosis in cancer treatment."
7408,brain tumour,38605663,Development and Feasibility Evaluation of Smart Cancer Care 2.0 Based on Patient-Reported Outcomes for Post-Discharge Management of Patients with Cancer.,"A ""Smart Cancer Care"" platform that integrates patient-reported outcomes (PROs) with management has been established in Korea. This study focused on improving health behaviors and connecting patients to welfare services by introducing and assessing the feasibility of ""Smart Cancer Care 2.0,"" an enhanced version designed for monitoring complications post-cancer treatment."
7409,brain tumour,38605644,"Adult brain tumour research in 2024: Status, challenges and recommendations.","In 2015, a groundswell of brain tumour patient, carer and charity activism compelled the UK Minister for Life Sciences to form a brain tumour research task and finish group. This resulted, in 2018, with the UK government pledging £20m of funding, to be paralleled with £25m from Cancer Research UK, specifically for neuro-oncology research over the subsequent 5 years. Herein, we review if and how the adult brain tumour research landscape in the United Kingdom has changed over that time and what challenges and bottlenecks remain. We have identified seven universal brain tumour research priorities and three cross-cutting themes, which span the research spectrum from bench to bedside and back again. We discuss the status, challenges and recommendations for each one, specific to the United Kingdom."
7410,brain tumour,38605600,Sulfonium-Stapled Peptides-Based Neoantigen Delivery System for Personalized Tumor Immunotherapy and Prevention.,"Neoantigen peptides hold great potential as vaccine candidates for tumor immunotherapy. However, due to the limitation of antigen cellular uptake and cross-presentation, the progress with neoantigen peptide-based vaccines has obviously lagged in clinical trials. Here, a stapling peptide-based nano-vaccine is developed, comprising a self-assembly nanoparticle driven by the nucleic acid adjuvant-antigen conjugate. This nano-vaccine stimulates a strong tumor-specific T cell response by activating antigen presentation and toll-like receptor signaling pathways. By markedly improving the efficiency of antigen/adjuvant co-delivery to the draining lymph nodes, the nano-vaccine leads to 100% tumor prevention for up to 11 months and without tumor recurrence, heralding the generation of long-term anti-tumor memory. Moreover, the injection of nano-vaccine with signal neoantigen eliminates the established MC-38 tumor (a cell line of murine carcinoma of the colon without exogenous OVA protein expression) in 40% of the mice by inducing potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration in the tumor microenvironment without substantial systemic toxicity. These findings represent that stapling peptide-based nano-vaccine may serve as a facile, general, and safe strategy to stimulate a strong anti-tumor immune response for the neoantigen peptide-based personalized tumor immunotherapy."
7411,brain tumour,38605546,Development of a blueprint for sibling psychosocial services: A nationwide study.,"Siblings of youth with cancer have heightened risk for poor long-term psychosocial outcomes. Although sibling psychosocial care is a standard in pediatric oncology, this standard is among those least likely to be met. To address barriers to providing sibling services, a blueprint for systematic psychosocial screening and support of siblings was developed based on feedback from a national sample of psychosocial providers."
7412,brain tumour,38605542,Successful treatment of a preterm infant with congenital juvenile xanthogranuloma presenting as a large intracranial tumor.,No abstract found
7413,brain tumour,38605523,EGFR/CEP7 high polysomy is separate and distinct from EGFR amplification in glioblastoma as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization.,"EGFR amplification in gliomas is commonly defined by an EGFR/CEP7 ratio of ≥2. In testing performed at a major reference laboratory, a small subset of patients had ≥5 copies of both EGFR and CEP7 yet were not amplified by the EGFR/CEP7 ratio and were designated high polysomy cases. To determine whether these tumors are more closely related to traditionally defined EGFR-amplified or nonamplified gliomas, a retrospective search identified 22 out of 1143 (1.9%) gliomas with an average of ≥5 copies/cell of EGFR and CEP7 with an EGFR/CEP7 ratio of <2 displaying high polysomy. Of these cases, 4 had insufficient clinicopathologic data to include in additional analysis, 15 were glioblastomas, 2 were IDH-mutant astrocytomas, and 1 was a high-grade glial neoplasm, NOS. Next-generation sequencing available on 3 cases demonstrated one with a TERT promoter mutation, TP53 mutations in all cases, and no EGFR mutations or amplifications, which most closely matched the nonamplified cases. The median overall survival times were 42.86, 66.07, and 41.14 weeks for amplified, highly polysomic, and nonamplified, respectively, and were not significantly different (p =  0.3410). High chromosome 7 polysomic gliomas are rare but our data suggest that they may be biologically similar to nonamplified gliomas."
7414,brain tumour,38605477,Nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein facilitates glioblastoma progression and radioresistance by regulating the ANXA2/STAT3 axis.,"Although radiotherapy is a core treatment modality for various human cancers, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), its clinical effects are often limited by radioresistance. The specific molecular mechanisms underlying radioresistance are largely unknown, and the reduction of radioresistance is an unresolved challenge in GBM research."
7415,brain tumour,38605423,HERC5 downregulation in non-small cell lung cancer is associated with altered energy metabolism and metastasis.,"Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We previously showed that low HERC5 expression predicts early tumor dissemination and a dismal prognosis in NSCLC patients. Here, we performed functional studies to unravel the mechanism underlying the ""metastasis-suppressor"" effect of HERC5, with a focus on mitochondrial metabolism pathways."
7416,brain tumour,38605367,Pediatric-type high-grade gliomas with PDGFRA amplification in adult patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome: clinical and molecular characterization of three cases.,"Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is an autosomal dominant tumor predisposition syndrome caused by heterozygous germline mutations or deletions in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene. Central nervous system tumors, such as choroid plexus tumors, medulloblastomas, and diffuse gliomas, are frequently found in patients with LFS. Although molecular profiles of diffuse gliomas that develop in pediatric patients with LFS have been elucidated, those in adults are limited. Recently, diffuse gliomas have been divided into pediatric- and adult-type gliomas, based on their distinct molecular profiles. In the present study, we investigated the molecular profiles of high-grade gliomas in three adults with LFS. These tumors revealed characteristic histopathological findings of high-grade glioma or glioblastoma and harbored wild-type IDH1/2 according to whole exome sequencing (WES). However, these tumors did not exhibit the key molecular alterations of glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype such as TERT promoter mutation, EGFR amplification, or chromosome 7 gain and 10 loss. Although WES revealed no other characteristic gene mutations or copy number alterations in high-grade gliomas, such as those in histone H3 genes, PDGFRA amplification was found in all three cases together with uniparental disomy of chromosome 17p, where the TP53 gene is located. DNA methylation analyses revealed that all tumors exhibited DNA methylation profiles similar to those of pediatric-type high-grade glioma H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype (pHGG H3-/IDH-wt), RTK1 subtype. These data suggest that high-grade gliomas developed in adult patients with LFS may be involved in pHGG H3-/IDH-wt. PDGFRA and homozygous alterations in TP53 may play pivotal roles in the development of this type of glioma in adult patients with LFS."
7417,brain tumour,38605349,ESCO2's oncogenic role in human tumors: a pan-cancer analysis and experimental validation.,"Establishment of sister chromatid cohesion N-acetyltransferase 2 (ESCO2) is involved in the mitotic S-phase adhesins acetylation and is responsible for bridging two sister chromatids. However, present ESCO2 cancer research is limited to a few cancers. No systematic pan-cancer analysis has been conducted to investigate its role in diagnosis, prognosis, and effector function."
7418,brain tumour,38605303,The application of different machine learning models based on PET/CT images and EGFR in predicting brain metastasis of adenocarcinoma of the lung.,To explore the value of six machine learning models based on PET/CT radiomics combined with EGFR in predicting brain metastases of lung adenocarcinoma.
7419,brain tumour,38605277,"Mcph1, mutated in primary microcephaly, is also crucial for erythropoiesis.","Microcephaly is a common feature in inherited bone marrow failure syndromes, prompting investigations into shared pathways between neurogenesis and hematopoiesis. To understand this association, we studied the role of the microcephaly gene Mcph1 in hematological development. Our research revealed that Mcph1-knockout mice exhibited congenital macrocytic anemia due to impaired terminal erythroid differentiation during fetal development. Anemia's cause is a failure to complete cell division, evident from tetraploid erythroid progenitors with DNA content exceeding 4n. Gene expression profiling demonstrated activation of the p53 pathway in Mcph1-deficient erythroid precursors, leading to overexpression of Cdkn1a/p21, a major mediator of p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. Surprisingly, fetal brain analysis revealed hypertrophied binucleated neuroprogenitors overexpressing p21 in Mcph1-knockout mice, indicating a shared pathophysiological mechanism underlying both erythroid and neurological defects. However, inactivating p53 in Mcph1"
7420,brain tumour,38604968,"[Effects and mechanisms of negative air ions on blood pressure, oxidative stress and inflammation levels in SHR rats].","To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of negative air ions(NAIs) on blood pressure, oxidative stress, and inflammatory status in spontaneous hypertension rats(SHR)."
7421,brain tumour,38604757,Brain Metabolic Correlates of the Off-Target Effects of Enzalutamide on the Central Nervous System of Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer.,No abstract found
7422,brain tumour,38604736,Identification of Multiclass Pediatric Low-Grade Neuroepithelial Tumor Molecular Subtype with ADC MR Imaging and Machine Learning.,Molecular biomarker identification increasingly influences the treatment planning of pediatric low-grade neuroepithelial tumors (PLGNTs). We aimed to develop and validate a radiomics-based ADC signature predictive of the molecular status of PLGNTs.
7423,brain tumour,38604734,DOTATATE PET/MR Imaging Differentiates Secondary-Progressive from de Novo World Health Organization Grade 3 Meningiomas.,"WHO grade 3 meningiomas are rare and poorly understood and have a higher propensity for recurrence, metastasis, and worsened clinical outcomes compared with lower-grade meningiomas. The purpose of our study was to prospectively evaluate the molecular profile, PET characteristics, and outcomes of patients with World Health Organization grade 3 meningiomas who were imaged with gallium 68 ("
7424,brain tumour,38604733,Impact of SUSAN Denoising and ComBat Harmonization on Machine Learning Model Performance for Malignant Brain Neoplasms.,"Feature variability in radiomics studies due to technical and magnet strength parameters is well-known and may be addressed through various preprocessing methods. However, very few studies have evaluated the downstream impact of variable preprocessing on model classification performance in a multiclass setting. We sought to evaluate the impact of Smallest Univalue Segment Assimilating Nucleus (SUSAN) denoising and Combining Batches harmonization on model classification performance."
7425,brain tumour,38604535,Adult Central Neurocytomas: Clinical Features and Long-Term Treatment Outcomes in Different Age Groups.,"Central neurocytomas (CNs) usually occur in young adults, and the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of patients in different age groups may be different."
7426,brain tumour,38604526,The Co-oligomers of Aβ42 and Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Exacerbate Neurotoxicity and Alzheimer-like Pathology at Cellular Level.,"The Aβ hypothesis has long been central to Alzheimer's disease (AD) theory, with a recent surge in attention following drug approvals targeting Aβ plaque clearance. Aβ42 oligomers (AβO) are key neurotoxins. While β-amyloid (Aβ) buildup is a hallmark of AD, postmortem brain analyses have unveiled human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) deposition in AD patients, suggesting a potential role in Alzheimer's pathology. This study investigates the neurotoxic effects of co-aggregates of Aβ42 and hIAPP, specifically focusing on their impact on cell survival, apoptosis, and AD-like pathology. We analyzed and compared the impact of AβO and Aβ42-hIAPP on cell survival in SH-SY5Y cells, apoptosis and inducing AD-like pathology in glutamatergic neurons. Aβ42-hIAPP co-oligomers exhibited significantly greater toxicity, causing 2.3-3.5 times higher cell death compared to AβO alone. Furthermore, apoptosis rates were significantly exacerbated in glutamatergic neurons when exposed to Aβ42-hIAPP co-oligomers. The study also revealed that Aβ42-hIAPP co-oligomers induced typical AD-like pathology in glutamatergic neurons, including the presence of Aβ deposits (detected by 6E10 and 4G8 immunofluorescence) and alterations in tau protein (changes in total tau HT7, phosphorylated tau AT8, AT180). Notably, Aβ42-hIAPP co-oligomers induced a more severe AD pathology compared to AβO alone. These findings provide compelling evidence for the heightened toxicity of Aβ42-hIAPP co-oligomers on neurons and their role in exacerbating AD pathology. The study contributes novel insights into the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, highlighting the potential involvement of hIAPP in AD pathology. Together, these findings offer novel insights into AD pathogenesis and routes for constructing animal models."
7427,brain tumour,38604408,How often should we perform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the follow-up of pituitary adenoma?,"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the examination of choice for diagnosing and monitoring pituitary adenoma (also known as pituitary neuroendocrine tumor or PitNET), whether treated or not. However, repeating the examination too often (and sometimes unnecessarily) is costly, and worrying data on tissue accumulation (brain, bone, etc.) of gadolinium atoms dissociated from their carrier molecule (chelator) have led European authorities to ban contrast agents based on linear chelators of gadolinium, which are particularly susceptible to rapid dissociation, in favor of chemically more stable macrocyclic chelators. It is therefore important to determine the optimal frequency for pituitary MRI monitoring in order to safely assess the natural history or therapeutic response of pituitary adenomas. The aim of this article is to summarize the most recent data on optimal follow-up intervals depending on the type, size and location of the pituitary tumor and the clinical situation in general, in order to generate monitoring algorithms to guide clinicians."
7428,brain tumour,38604218,"The long-term impact of cerebellar tumor resection on executive functioning, anxiety, and fear of pain: A mixed methodology pilot study.","This pilot study investigated the long-term impact of a surgery-only treatment (no exposure to other treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation) for pediatric cerebellar low-grade gliomas on executive function, anxiety, and fear of pain (FOP) beliefs. Twelve patients who underwent surgical glioma resection during childhood (surgery age was 4-16 years, study visit age was 10-28 years), and 12 pain-free controls matched for age, sex, race, and handedness were tested. The spatial extent of resection was precisely mapped using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Executive function, anxiety, and FOP were assessed using validated self-report age-appropriate questionnaires for children and adults. Structured clinical interviews at a post-surgery follow-up visit were completed (average: 89 months, range: 20-99). No significant differences in FOP (FOPQ-C t[14 = 1.81, "
7429,brain tumour,38604084,Letter: Chat-GPT on brain tumors: An examination of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning's ability to provide diagnoses and treatment plans for example neuro-oncology cases.,No abstract found
7430,brain tumour,38603834,Identification and validation of anoikis-related genes to clarify the prognosis and immune mechanisms of patients with low-grade glioma.,"Low-grade glioma (LGG) has an extremely poor prognosis, and the mechanism leading to malignant development has not been determined. The aim of our study was to clarify the function and mechanism of anoikis and TIMP1 in the malignant progression of LGG."
7431,brain tumour,38602852,FPL+: Filtered Pseudo Label-Based Unsupervised Cross-Modality Adaptation for 3D Medical Image Segmentation.,"Adapting a medical image segmentation model to a new domain is important for improving its cross-domain transferability, and due to the expensive annotation process, Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) is appealing where only unlabeled images are needed for the adaptation. Existing UDA methods are mainly based on image or feature alignment with adversarial training for regularization, and they are limited by insufficient supervision in the target domain. In this paper, we propose an enhanced Filtered Pseudo Label (FPL+)-based UDA method for 3D medical image segmentation. It first uses cross-domain data augmentation to translate labeled images in the source domain to a dual-domain training set consisting of a pseudo source-domain set and a pseudo target-domain set. To leverage the dual-domain augmented images to train a pseudo label generator, domain-specific batch normalization layers are used to deal with the domain shift while learning the domain-invariant structure features, generating high-quality pseudo labels for target-domain images. We then combine labeled source-domain images and target-domain images with pseudo labels to train a final segmentor, where image-level weighting based on uncertainty estimation and pixel-level weighting based on dual-domain consensus are proposed to mitigate the adverse effect of noisy pseudo labels. Experiments on three public multi-modal datasets for Vestibular Schwannoma, brain tumor and whole heart segmentation show that our method surpassed ten state-of-the-art UDA methods, and it even achieved better results than fully supervised learning in the target domain in some cases."
7432,brain tumour,38602622,Tissue biopsy before resection in glioblastoma: is there an opportunity to improve outcomes with liquid biopsies and pre-operative stereotactic radiosurgery?,No abstract found
7433,brain tumour,38602586,"A novel α,β-unsaturated ketone inhibits leukemia cell growth as PARP1 inhibitor.","Leukemia is a malignant disease of the hematopoietic system, in which clonal leukemia cells accumulate and inhibit normal hematopoiesis in the bone marrow and other hematopoietic tissues as a result of uncontrolled proliferation and impaired apoptosis, among other mechanisms. In this study, the anti-leukemic effect of a compound (SGP-17-S) extracted from Chloranthus multistachys, a plant with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-tumor effects, was evaluated. The effect of SGP-17-S on the viability of leukemic cell was demonstrated by MTT assay, cell cycle, and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry using PI staining and Annexin V/PI double staining. Combinations of network pharmacology and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) with western blot were used to validate agents that act on leukemia targets. The results showed that SGP-17-S inhibited the growth of leukemia cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. SGP-17-S blocked HEL cells in the G2 phase, induced apoptosis, decreased Bcl-2 and caspase-8 protein expression, and increased Bax and caspase-3 expression. In addition, CETSA revealed that PARP1 is an important target gene for the inhibition of HEL cell growth, and SGP-17-S exerted its action on leukemia cells by targeting PARP1. Therefore, this study might provide new solutions and ideas for the treatment of leukemia."
7434,brain tumour,38602327,GPRC5A promotes paclitaxel resistance and glucose content in NSCLC.,"Lung cancer is one of the most common and malignant cancers worldwide. Chemotherapy has been widely used in the clinical setting, and paclitaxel is the first-line therapy for lung cancer patients but paclitaxel resistance is the main problem. First, we successfully established paclitaxel-resistant lung cancer cells treated with elevated doses of paclitaxel for 3 months, as confirmed by the CCK-8 assay. Paclitaxel-resistant cancer cells increased glucose content. Second, Gtex, Oncomine, and gene expression omnibus database data mining identified GPRC5A, G protein-coupled receptor, as the most prominent differentially expressed gene in drug-resistant datasets including gemcitabine, paclitaxel, and gefitinib overlapped with the microarray data from cancer cell metabolism. Third, qPCR analysis and western blot technique showed that GPRC5A mRNA and protein levels were significantly enhanced in paclitaxel-resistant lung cancer cells. Fourth, functional analysis was conducted by siRNA-mediated transient knockdown of GPRC5A. Silencing GPRC5A significantly decreased paclitaxel resistance and glucose content. In the end, retinoic acid substantially upregulated GPRC5A proteins and promoted glucose content in two lung cancer cells. Kaplan-Meier plot also confirmed that lung cancer patients with high expression of GPRC5A had a relatively lower survival rate. Our study provided a potential drug target GPRC5A, which may benefit lung cancer patients with acquired paclitaxel resistance in the future and a theoretical basis for future preclinical trials."
7435,brain tumour,38602320,The HLA-I landscape confers prognosis and antitumor immunity in breast cancer.,"Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease with varied subtypes, prognoses and therapeutic responsiveness. Human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) shapes the immunity and thereby influences the outcome of breast cancer. However, the implications of HLA-I variations in breast cancer remain poorly understood. In this study, we established a multiomics cohort of 1156 Chinese breast cancer patients for HLA-I investigation. We calculated four important HLA-I indicators in each individual, including HLA-I expression level, somatic HLA-I loss of heterozygosity (LOH), HLA-I evolutionary divergence (HED) and peptide-binding promiscuity (Pr). Then, we evaluated their distribution and prognostic significance in breast cancer subtypes. We found that the four breast cancer subtypes had distinct features of HLA-I indicators. Increased expression of HLA-I and LOH were enriched in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), while Pr was relatively higher in hot tumors within TNBCs. In particular, a higher Pr indicated a better prognosis in TNBCs by regulating the infiltration of immune cells and the expression of immune molecules. Using the matched genomic and transcriptomic data, we found that mismatch repair deficiency-related mutational signature and pathways were enriched in low-Pr TNBCs, suggesting that targeting mismatch repair deficiency for synthetic lethality might be promising therapy for these patients. In conclusion, we presented an overview of HLA-I indicators in breast cancer and provided hints for precision treatment for low-Pr TNBCs."
7436,brain tumour,38601620,Brain tumor recognition by an optimized deep network utilizing ammended grasshopper optimization.,"Brain tumors are abnormal cell masses that can get originated in the brain spread from other organs. They can be categorized as either malignant (cancerous) or benign (noncancerous), and their growth rates and locations can impact the functioning of the nerve system. The timely detection of brain tumors is crucial for effective treatment and prognosis. In this study, a new approach has been proposed for diagnosing brain tumors using deep learning and a meta-heuristic algorithm. The method involves three main steps: (1) extracting features from brain MRI images using AlexNet, (2) reducing the complexity of AlexNet by employing an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) network as a classification layer, and (3) fine-tuning the parameters of the ELM network using an Amended Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (AGOA). The performance of the method has been evaluated on a publicly available dataset consisting of 20 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma that is compared with several state-of-the-art techniques. Experimental results demonstrate that the method achieves the highest accuracy, precision, specificity, F1-score, sensitivity, and MCC with values of 0.96, 0.94, 0.96, 0.96, 0.94, and 0.90, respectively. Furthermore, the robustness and stability of the method have been illustrated when subjected to different levels of noise and image resolutions. The proposed approach offers a rapid, accurate, and dependable diagnosis of brain tumors and holds potential for application in other medical image analysis tasks."
7437,brain tumour,38600951,Age-stratified comorbid and pharmacologic analysis of patients with glioblastoma.,"Increased age is a strong and unfavorable prognostic factor for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). However, the relationships between stratified patient age, comorbidities, and medications have yet to be explored in GBM patient survival analyses."
7438,brain tumour,38600808,Clinical status and perspective on the application of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a review.,"The therapeutic landscape of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been significantly improved by developing immunotherapy represented by programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Furthermore, immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is an essential treatment strategy for driver-negative advanced NSCLC, especially in a population with PD-L1 <50%, and leads to long-term survival in the entire population regardless of the PD-L1 expression status. However, specific challenges must be overcome, including how to use immunotherapy with chemotherapy in clinics. Furthermore, the application of immunotherapy with chemotherapy in populations such as elderly patients and patients with brain metastases, oligometastases, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements, and other driver gene-positive populations must be further explored. The biomarkers associated with immunotherapy and chemotherapy are still unclear, and the search for predictive biomarkers can contribute toward more precise and personalized immunotherapy. Furthermore, treatment strategies after immunotherapy and chemotherapy resistance are of significant focus clinically, and clinical studies with multiple combination therapy strategies are ongoing. Therefore, based on the reported status of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC, this study conducted a comprehensive literature review by searching keywords ""PD-1 and PD-L1, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), and NSCLC"" in MEDLINE, major conferences, and major clinical research projects to elucidate the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy as the current first-line treatment approach for various types of NSCLC patients. Additionally, it addresses several pressing challenges associated with immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy, including enhancing treatment response and survival rate in specific patient populations and identifying potential biomarkers."
7439,brain tumour,38600765,"A supratentorial mass in a young adult, with 25 years of follow-up.",No abstract found
7440,brain tumour,38600579,The therapeutic effect of radiotherapy combined with systemic therapy compared to radiotherapy alone in patients with simple brain metastasis after first-line treatment of limited-stage small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study.,We aimed to compare the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy (RT) plus systemic therapy (ST) with RT alone in patients with simple brain metastasis (BM) after first-line treatment of limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC).
7441,brain tumour,38600452,Amide proton transfer weighted and diffusion weighted imaging based radiomics classification algorithm for predicting 1p/19q co-deletion status in low grade gliomas.,"1p/19q co-deletion in low-grade gliomas (LGG, World Health Organization grade II and III) is of great significance in clinical decision making. We aim to use radiomics analysis to predict 1p/19q co-deletion in LGG based on amide proton transfer weighted (APTw), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), and conventional MRI."
7442,brain tumour,38600429,"Sacituzumab govitecan in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patients treated at Institut Curie Hospitals: efficacy, safety, and impact of brain metastases.","Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) has been approved by FDA in April 2021 for pre-treated metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC), following the ASCENT trial results."
7443,brain tumour,38600375,Permanent deterioration of fine motor skills after the resection of tumors in the supplementary motor area.,No abstract found
7444,brain tumour,38600340,ECLIM-SEHOP: how to develop a platform to conduct academic trials for childhood cancer.,"ECLIM-SEHOP platform was created in 2017. Its main objective is to establish the infrastructure to allow Spanish participation into international academic collaborative clinical trials, observational studies, and registries in pediatric oncology. The aim of this manuscript is to describe the activity conducted by ECLIM-SEHOP since its creation."
7445,brain tumour,38600050,A rare presentation of primary cardiac myxofibrosarcoma: Case report and literature review.,"Primary cardiac myxofibrosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy, with the majority of approaching strategies relying on case reports. This article provides insights into its diagnosis and treatment."
7446,brain tumour,38599906,Habitat-Based Radiomics for Predicting EGFR Mutations in Exon 19 and 21 From Brain Metastasis.,To explore and externally validate habitat-based radiomics for preoperative prediction of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in exon 19 and 21 from MRI imaging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-originated brain metastasis (BM).
7447,brain tumour,38599881,NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 induces complicated effects on mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis in an expression level-dependent manner.,"NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is an essential redox enzyme responsible for redox balance and energy metabolism. Despite of its importance, the brain contains high capacity of polyunsaturated fatty acids and maintains low levels of NQO1 expression. In this study, we examined how levels of NQO1 expression affects cell survival in response to toxic insults causing mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis, and whether NQO1 has a potential as a biomarker in different stressed conditions. Following treatment with rotenone, overexpressed NQO1 in SH-SY5Y cells improved cell survival by reducing mitochondrial reductive stress via increased NAD"
7448,brain tumour,38599791,The pivotal role of irradiation-induced apoptosis in the pathogenesis and therapy of medulloblastoma.,"Medulloblastoma (MB) is a rare primitive neuroectodermal tumors originating from the cerebellum. MB is the most common malignant primary brain tumor of childhood. MB originates from neural precursor cells in distinctive regions of the rhombic lip, and their maturation occurs in the cerebellum or the brain stem during embryonal development. Also, apoptosis is a programmed cell death associated with numerous physiological as well as pathological regulations."
7449,brain tumour,38599661,Oncolytic herpes simplex virus expressing IL-2 controls glioblastoma growth and improves survival.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly immunosuppressive and often fatal primary brain tumor, lacks effective treatment options. GBMs contain a subpopulation of GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) that play a central role in tumor initiation, progression, and treatment resistance. Oncolytic viruses, especially oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV), replicate selectively in cancer cells and trigger antitumor immunity-a phenomenon termed the ""in situ vaccine"" effect. Although talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), an oHSV armed with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), is Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for melanoma, its use in patients with GBM has not been reported. Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is another established immunotherapy that stimulates T cell growth and orchestrates antitumor responses. IL-2 is FDA-approved for melanoma and renal cell carcinoma but has not been widely evaluated in GBM, and IL-2 treatment is limited by its short half-life, minimal tumor accumulation, and significant systemic toxicity. We hypothesize that local intratumoral expression of IL-2 by an oHSV would avoid the systemic IL-2-related therapeutic drawbacks while simultaneously producing beneficial antitumor immunity."
7450,brain tumour,38599441,Integration analysis of cell division cycle-associated family genes revealed potential mechanisms of gliomagenesis and constructed an artificial intelligence-driven prognostic signature.,"Cell division cycle-associated (CDCA) gene family members are essential cell proliferation regulators and play critical roles in various cancers. However, the function of the CDCA family genes in gliomas remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the role of CDCA family members in gliomas using in vitro and in vivo experiments and bioinformatic analyses. We included eight glioma cohorts in this study. An unsupervised clustering algorithm was used to identify novel CDCA gene family clusters. Then, we utilized multi-omics data to elucidate the prognostic disparities, biological functionalities, genomic alterations, and immune microenvironment among glioma patients. Subsequently, the scRNA-seq analysis and spatial transcriptomic sequencing analysis were carried out to explore the expression distribution of CDCA2 in glioma samples. In vivo and in vitro experiments were used to investigate the effects of CDCA2 on the viability, migration, and invasion of glioma cells. Finally, based on ten machine-learning algorithms, we constructed an artificial intelligence-driven CDCA gene family signature called the machine learning-based CDCA gene family score (MLCS). Our results suggested that patients with the higher expression levels of CDCA family genes had a worse prognosis, more activated RAS signaling pathways, and more activated immunosuppressive microenvironments. CDCA2 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells. In addition, the MLCS had robust and favorable prognostic predictive ability and could predict the response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy drug sensitivity."
7451,brain tumour,38599377,The Socioeconomic Distressed Communities Index Predicts 90-Day Mortality Among Intracranial Tumor Patients.,"Socioeconomic status (SES) is a major determinant of quality of life and outcomes. However, SES remains difficult to measure comprehensively. Distress communities index (DCI), a composite of 7 socioeconomic factors, has been increasingly recognized for its correlation with poor outcomes. As a result, the objective of the present study is to determine the predictive value of the DCI on outcomes following intracranial tumor surgery."
7452,brain tumour,38599251,"A TNF-α inhibitor abolishes sepsis-induced cognitive impairment in mice by modulating acetylcholine and nitric oxide homeostasis, BDNF release, and neuroinflammation.","Neurodegenerative disorders have a pathophysiology that heavily involves neuroinflammation. In this study, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to create a model of cognitive impairment by inducing systemic and neuroinflammation in experimental animals. LPS was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg during the last seven days of the study. Adalimumab (ADA), a TNF-α inhibitor, was injected at a dose of 10 mg/kg a total of 3 times throughout the study. On the last two days of the experiment, 50 mg/kg of curcumin was administered orally as a positive control group. Open field (OF) and elevated plus maze tests (EPM) were used to measure anxiety-like behaviors. The tail suspension test (TST) was used to measure depression-like behaviors, while the novel object recognition test (NOR) was used to measure learning and memory activities. Blood and hippocampal TNF α and nitric oxide (NO) levels, hippocampal BDNF, CREB, and ACh levels, and AChE activity were measured by ELISA. LPS increased anxiety and depression-like behaviors while decreasing the activity of the learning-memory system. LPS exerted this effect by causing systemic and neuroinflammation, cholinergic dysfunction, and impaired BDNF release. ADA controlled LPS-induced behavioral changes and improved biochemical markers. ADA prevented cognitive impairment induced by LPS by inhibiting inflammation and regulating the release of BDNF and the cholinergic pathway."
7453,brain tumour,38599075,Performance evaluation of commercial and non-commercial shear wave elastography implementations for vascular applications.,"Shear wave elastography (SWE) is mainly used for stiffness estimation of large, homogeneous tissues, such as the liver and breasts. However, little is known about its accuracy and applicability in thin (∼0.5-2 mm) vessel walls. To identify possible performance differences among vendors, we quantified differences in measured wave velocities obtained by commercial SWE implementations of various vendors over different imaging depths in a vessel-mimicking phantom. For reference, we measured SWE values in the cylindrical inclusions and homogeneous background of a commercial SWE phantom. Additionally, we compared the accuracy between a research implementation and the commercially available clinical SWE on an Aixplorer ultrasound system in phantoms and in vivo in patients."
7454,brain tumour,38599071,Comprehensive analysis reveals that LTBR is a immune-related biomarker for glioma.,"Glioma is a common malignant brain tumor with great heterogeneity and huge difference in clinical outcomes. Although lymphotoxin (LT) beta receptor (LTBR) has been linked to immune system and response development for decades, the expression and function in glioma have not been investigated. To confirm the expression profile of LTBR, integrated RNA-seq data from glioma and normal brain tissues were analyzed. Functional enrichment analysis, TMEscore analysis, immune infiltration, the correlation of LTBR with immune checkpoints and ferroptosis, and scRNAseq data analysis in gliomas were in turn performed, which pointed out that LTBR was pertinent to immune functions of macrophages in gliomas. In addition, after being trained and validated in the tissue samples of the integrated dataset, an LTBR DNA methylation-based prediction model succeeded to distinguish gliomas from non-gliomas, as well as the grades of glioma. Moreover, by virtue of the candidate LTBR CpG sites, a prognostic risk-score model was finally constructed to guide the chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy for glioma patients. Taken together, LTBR is closely correlated with immune functions in gliomas, and LTBR DNA methylation could serve as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of gliomas."
7455,brain tumour,38599001,Multi-tracer PET correlation analysis reveals disease-specific patterns in Parkinson's disease and asymptomatic LRRK2 pathogenic variant carriers compared to healthy controls.,"Several genetic pathogenic variants increase the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) with pathogenic variants in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene being among the most common. A joint pattern analysis based on multi-set canonical correlation analysis (MCCA) was utilized to extract PD and LRRK2 pathogenic variant-specific spatial patterns in relation to healthy controls (HCs) from multi-tracer Positron Emission Tomography (PET) data. Spatial patterns were extracted for individual subject cohorts, as well as for pooled subject cohorts, to explore whether complementary spatial patterns of dopaminergic denervation are different in the asymptomatic and symptomatic stages of PD. The MCCA results are also compared to the traditional univariate analysis, which serves as a reference. We identified PD-induced spatial distribution alterations common to DAT and VMAT2 in both asymptomatic LRRK2 pathogenic variant carriers and PD subjects. The inclusion of HCs in the analysis demonstrated that the dominant common PD-induced pattern is related to an overall dopaminergic terminal density denervation, followed by asymmetry and rostro-caudal gradient with deficits in the less affected side still being the best marker of disease progression. The analysis was able to capture a trend towards PD-related patterns in the LRRK2 pathogenic variant carrier cohort with increasing age in line with the known increased risk of this patient cohort to develop PD as they age. The advantage of this method thus resides in its ability to identify not only regional differences in tracer binding between groups, but also common disease-related alterations in the spatial distribution patterns of tracer binding, thus potentially capturing more complex aspects of disease induced alterations."
7456,brain tumour,38598802,CAR T-Cell Therapy for Glioblastoma.,No abstract found
7457,brain tumour,38598744,68 Ga-DOTATATE and 18 F-FDG PET Imaging of a Rare Chordoid Meningioma With Intracranial Recurrence and Extracranial Metastases.,"Chordoid meningiomas, rare meningioma variants, are characterized by their histopathological features and clinical behavior resembling that of other chondroid/myxoid neoplasms. We present a case of pathology-proven chordoid meningioma imaged with both 68 Ga-DOTATATE and 18 F-FDG PET images during a complicated postoperative course with multiple episodes of local recurrence and, ultimately, extracranial metastasis. This case underscores the aggressive behavior of chordoid meningiomas while highlighting how molecular imaging plays an important role in clinical monitoring and guidance of management."
7458,brain tumour,38598710,Myeloablative vs nonmyeloablative consolidation for primary central nervous system lymphoma: results of Alliance 51101.,"Although it is evident that standard-dose whole-brain radiotherapy as consolidation is associated with significant neurotoxicity, the optimal consolidative strategy for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is not defined. We performed a randomized phase 2 clinical trial via the US Alliance cancer cooperative group to compare myeloablative consolidation supported by autologous stem cell transplantation with nonmyeloablative consolidation after induction therapy for PCNSL. To our knowledge, this is the first randomized trial to be initiated that eliminates whole-brain radiotherapy as a consolidative approach in newly diagnosed PCNSL. Patients aged 18 to 75 years were randomly assigned in a 1:1 manner to induction therapy (methotrexate, temozolomide, rituximab, and cytarabine) followed by consolidation with either thiotepa plus carmustine and autologous stem cell rescue vs induction followed by nonmyeloablative, infusional etoposide plus cytarabine. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). A total of 113 patients were randomized, and 108 (54 in each arm) were evaluable. More patients in the nonmyeloablative arm experienced progressive disease or death during induction (28% vs 11%; P = .05). Thirty-six patients received autologous stem cell transplant, and 34 received nonmyeloablative consolidation. The estimated 2-year PFS was higher in the myeloablative vs nonmyeloablative arm (73% vs 51%; P = .02). However, a planned secondary analysis, landmarked at start of the consolidation, revealed that the estimated 2-year PFS in those who completed consolidation therapy was not significantly different between the arms (86% vs 71%; P = .21). Both consolidative strategies yielded encouraging efficacy and similar toxicity profiles. This trial was registered at www.clininicals.gov as #NCT01511562."
7459,brain tumour,38598668,Liquid biopsy for improving diagnosis and monitoring of CNS lymphomas: A RANO review.,"The utility of liquid biopsies is well documented in several extracranial and intracranial (brain/leptomeningeal metastases, gliomas) tumors."
7460,brain tumour,38598426,Multiple Ring-Enhancing Brain Lesions: Fulminant Diffuse Cerebral Toxoplasmosis or Cerebral Metastases?,"In this case report, we describe a 76-year-old woman, presenting with dizziness for the past 2 months, without other focal neurological signs. A magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was ordered by her GP. The MRI demonstrated multiple ring-enhancing lesions, both supratentorial and infratentorial. Lumbar puncture showed normal findings, in particular a normal cell count and culture. Because of the radiologic appearance, initially thought to be suggestive of cerebral abscesses, antibiotics were started. However, further workup revealed a new diagnosis of a stage IV (metastatic) small cell lung carcinoma, making diffuse brain metastases more likely. The patient was transferred to oncology/pneumology, where she was started on whole-brain radiotherapy, after which systemic therapy would start. However, because of further clinical deterioration, she was admitted at the palliative ward, where she died only 3 months after the initial presentation. In this case report, we emphasize the importance of keeping a broad differential diagnosis and briefly review the various possible pathologies causing ring-enhancing lesions."
7461,brain tumour,38598311,Exosome-Coated Prussian Blue Nanoparticles for Specific Targeting and Treatment of Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive and invasive types of brain cancer with a 5-year survival rate of 6.8%. With limited options, patients often have poor quality of life and are moved to palliative care after diagnosis. As a result, there is an extreme need for a novel theranostic method that allows for early diagnosis and noninvasive treatment as current peptide-based delivery standards may have off-target effects. Prussian Blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) have recently been investigated as photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and photothermal ablation agents. However, due to their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), their use in glioblastoma treatment is limited. By utilizing a hybrid, biomimetic nanoparticle composed of a PBNP interior and a U-87 cancer cell-derived exosome coating (Exo:PB), we show tumor-specific targeting within the brain and selective thermal therapy potential due to the strong photoconversion abilities. Particle characterization was carried out and showed a complete coating around the PBNPs that contains exosome markers. "
7462,brain tumour,38598089,Correction to: Focused ultrasound combined with radiotherapy for malignant brain tumor: a preclinical and clinical study.,No abstract found
7463,brain tumour,38598087,Profile of miRNAs in small extracellular vesicles released from glioblastoma cells treated by boron neutron capture therapy.,"Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a tumor cell-selective particle-radiation therapy. In BNCT, administered p-boronophenylalanine (BPA) is selectively taken up by tumor cells, and the tumor is irradiated with thermal neutrons. High-LET α-particles and recoil "
7464,brain tumour,38598045,Effect of Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation of Microglia-Derived Exosomes on Hippocampal Neurons: A Study on miR-124 and Inflammatory Cytokines.,"Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease that threatens human health. Developing safe and effective drugs and finding therapeutic targets has become an urgent scientific problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oxygen-glucose deprivation of the microglia-derived exosome on hippocampal neurons and its relationship to miR-124 in the exosome. We incubated hippocampal neurons with exosomes secreted by oxygen-glucose deprivation/ reoxygenation (OGD/R) microglia. The levels of glutamic acid (GLU) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the culture supernatant were detected by ELISA. CCK-8 was used to measure neuronal survival rates. The mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were detected by RT-qPCR to evaluate the effect of exosomes on neurons. RT-qPCR was then used to detect miR-124 in microglia and their secreted exosomes. Finally, potential targets of miR-124 were analyzed through database retrieval, gene detection with dual luciferase reporters, and western blotting experiments. The results showed that the contents of GLU, TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA increased in the supernatant of cultured hippocampal neurons, the content of GABA decreased, and the survival rate of neurons decreased. Oxygen-glucose deprivation increases miR-124 levels in microglia and their released exosomes. miR-124 acts as a target gene on cytokine signaling suppressor molecule 1(SOCS1), while miR-124 inhibitors reduce the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in neurons. These results suggest that oxygen- and glucose-deprived microglia regulate inflammatory cytokines leading to reduced neuronal survival, which may be achieved by miR-124 using SOCS1 as a potential target."
7465,brain tumour,38598023,Hypoxic microenvironment-induced exosomes confer temozolomide resistance in glioma through transfer of pyruvate kinase M2.,"Glioma, a malignant primary brain tumor, is notorious for its high incidence rate. However, the clinical application of temozolomide (TMZ) as a treatment option for glioma is often limited due to resistance, which has been linked to hypoxic glioma cell-released exosomes. In light of this, the present study aimed to investigate the role of exosomal pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in glioma cells that exhibit resistance to TMZ."
7466,brain tumour,38598020,"BRAF and RET polymorphism association with thyroid cancer risk, a preliminary study from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population.","Thyroid cancer, originating in the neck's thyroid gland, encompasses various types. Genetic mutations, particularly in BRAF and RET genes are crucial in its development. This study investigates the association between BRAF (rs113488022) and RET (rs77709286) polymorphisms and thyroid cancer risk in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) population."
7467,brain tumour,38597999,Recent advances in liquid biopsy of central nervous system lymphomas: case presentations and review of the literature.,"Surgical biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas. However, reliable liquid biopsy methods for diagnosing CNS lymphomas have quickly developed and have been implicated in clinical decision-making. In the current report, we introduce two patients for whom liquid biopsy was essential for diagnosing CNS lymphomas and discuss the rapidly growing applications of this technology."
7468,brain tumour,38597998,Intratumoral heterogeneity of CDKN2A deletions in IDH-mutant astrocytoma.,No abstract found
7469,brain tumour,38597991,A Real-world Toxicity Atlas Shows that Adverse Events of Combination Therapies Commonly Result in Additive Interactions.,"Combination therapies are a promising approach for improving cancer treatment, but it is challenging to predict their resulting adverse events in a real-world setting."
7470,brain tumour,38597984,Real-time monitoring of abnormal mitochondrial viscosity in glioblastoma with a novel mitochondria-targeting fluorescent probe.,"Glioblastoma is the most fatal and insidious malignancy, due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the high invasiveness of tumor cells. Abnormal mitochondrial viscosity has been identified as a key feature of malignancies. Therefore, this study reports on a novel fluorescent probe for mitochondrial viscosity, called ZVGQ, which is based on the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) effect. The probe uses 3-dicyanomethyl-1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexene as an electron donor moiety and molecular rotor, and triphenylphosphine (TPP) cation as an electron acceptor and mitochondrial targeting group. ZVGQ is highly selective, pH and time stable, and exhibits rapid viscosity responsiveness. "
7471,brain tumour,38597941,Function-guided differences of arcuate fascicle and inferior fronto-occipital fascicle tractography as diagnostic indicators for surgical risk stratification.,"Several patients with language-eloquent gliomas face language deterioration postoperatively. Persistent aphasia is frequently associated with damage to subcortical language pathways. Underlying mechanisms still need to be better understood, complicating preoperative risk assessment. This study compared qualitative and quantitative functionally relevant subcortical differences pre- and directly postoperatively in glioma patients with and without aphasia."
7472,brain tumour,38597926,Hormonal basis of brain fog in cancer treatment.,"The cognitive side effects of cancer treatment are common, but no targeted therapy exists yet to treat or prevent such neurological sequelae. We explore the role of hormones as mediators between cancer therapy and cognitive impairment, discussing potential future directions."
7473,brain tumour,38597274,The polysaccharides from Balanophora polyandra enhanced neuronal autophagy to ameliorate brain function decline in natural aging mice through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.,"The decline of aging brain neurons is the main cause of various neurodegenerative disease. This study aimed to examine the impact of Balanophora polyandra polysaccharides (BPP) against aging related neuronal deterioration. C57BL/6 mice were fed with regular feed for 27 months to establish a natural aging mouse model. From 3 months of age, mice in the drug-treated group were respectively fed with feed containing 0.05 or 0.18% BPP until 27 months of age. The effects of BPP treatment on the pathological changes of neurons in mice brain were evaluated, as well as autophagy-related and signaling pathway proteins. BPP treatment had a notable positive impact on the pathological injury of cortical and hippocampal neurons, alleviated neuronal degeneration, and enhanced the staining of Nissl bodies in natural aging mice. Furthermore, BPP upregulated autophagy-related proteins LC3 II/I, Parkin, and PINK1 in the cortex and hippocampus of aging mice, and significantly decreased the expression of p62, PI3K, p-protein Kinase B (AKT), and p-mTOR. Immunofluorescence results showed a reduction in the brightness of LC3, which mainly coexpressed with NeuN in natural aging mice brain, and increased LC3-positive neurons were observed after BPP treatment. Collectively, BPP treatment enhanced neuronal autophagy to improve brain functional degradation through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in natural aging mice. These finding suggested that BPP has potential to mitigate or delay the neurodegeneration associated with aging and further investigation was needed to validate its efficacy in elderly populations."
7474,brain tumour,38597273,Differential changes in Wnt7 and Dkk1 levels in astrocytes exposed to glutamate or TNFα.,"Wnt signaling plays an important role in adult brain function, and its dysregulation has been implicated in the loss of neuronal homeostasis. Despite the existence of many studies on the participation of the Wnt pathway in adult neurons, its regulation in astrocytes has been scarcely explored. Several reports point to the presence of Wnt ligands in astrocytes and their possible impact on neuronal plasticity or neuronal death. We aimed to analyze the effect of the neurotransmitter glutamate and the inflammatory cytokine TNFα on the mRNA and protein levels of the canonical Wnt agonist Wnt7a and the antagonist Dkk1 in cultured astrocytes. Primary astrocyte cultures from rat cerebral cortices were exposed to glutamate or TNFα. Wnt7a and Dkk1 expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR and its protein abundance and distribution was assessed by immunofluorescence. We found high basal expression and protein levels of Wnt7a and Dkk1 in unstimulated astrocytes and overproduction of Dkk1 mRNA induced by the two stimuli. These results reveal the astrocytic source of the canonical Wnt ligands Wnt7a and Dkk1, whose levels are differentially regulated by glutamate and TNFα. Astrocytes are a significant source of Wnt ligands, the production of which can be differentially regulated under excitatory or proinflammatory conditions, thereby impacting neuronal function."
7475,brain tumour,38596783,Senescence: A DNA damage response and its role in aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases.,"Senescence is a complicated, multi-factorial, irreversible cell cycle halt that has a tumor-suppressing effect in addition to being a significant factor in aging and neurological diseases. Damaged DNA, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and disrupted proteostasis are a few of the factors that cause senescence. Senescence is triggered by DNA damage which initiates DNA damage response. The DNA damage response, which includes the formation of DNA damage foci containing activated H2AX, which is a key factor in cellular senescence, is provoked by a double strand DNA break. Oxidative stress impairs cognition, inhibits neurogenesis, and has an accelerated aging effect. Senescent cells generate pro-inflammatory mediators known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines have an impact on neuroinflammation, neuronal death, and cell proliferation. While it is tempting to think of neurodegenerative diseases as manifestations of accelerated aging and senescence, this review will present information on brain ageing and neurodegeneration as a result of senescence and DNA damage response."
7476,brain tumour,38596717,The outcomes measured and reported in intracranial meningioma clinical trials: A systematic review.,"Meningioma clinical trials have assessed interventions including surgery, radiotherapy, and pharmacotherapy. However, agreement does not exist on what, how, and when outcomes of interest should be measured. To do so would allow comparative analysis of similar trials. This systematic review aimed to summarize the outcomes measured and reported in meningioma clinical trials."
7477,brain tumour,38596715,The outcomes measured and reported in observational studies of incidental and untreated intracranial meningioma: A systematic review.,The clinical management of patients with incidental intracranial meningioma varies markedly and is often based on clinician choice and observational data. Heterogeneous outcome measurement has likely hampered knowledge progress by preventing comparative analysis of similar cohorts of patients. This systematic review aimed to summarize the outcomes measured and reported in observational studies.
7478,brain tumour,38596362,An anti-depressant drug vortioxetine suppresses malignant glioblastoma cell growth.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) stands as the predominant primary malignant brain tumor in adults, characterized by an exceedingly grim prognosis. Urgent efforts are essential to pioneer effective therapeutics capable of addressing both the intrinsic and acquired resistance exhibited by GBM towards existing treatments. This study employs a drug repurposing strategy to explore the anti-cancer potential of vortioxetine in malignant U251 and T98G glioblastoma cells. Findings from the WST-8 cell counting assay and clonogenic assays indicated that vortioxetine effectively suppressed the short-term viability and long-term survival of glioblastoma cells. We also showed that vortioxetine inhibited the migration of glioblastoma cells as compared to the control. Our findings encourage further exploration and validation of the use of vortioxetine in the treatment of glioblastoma."
7479,brain tumour,38596292,Seek and destroy: Development of novel viral therapy for EGFR-expressing tumors.,No abstract found
7480,brain tumour,38596290,Gut microbiota composition is associated with the efficacy of Delta-24-RGDOX in malignant gliomas.,"Glioblastoma, the most common primary brain tumor, has a 6.8% survival rate 5 years post diagnosis. Our team developed an oncolytic adenovirus with an OX-40L expression cassette named Delta-24-RGDOX. While studies have revealed the interaction between the gut microbiota and immunotherapy agents, there are no studies linking the gut microbiota with viroimmunotherapy efficacy. We hypothesize that gut bacterial signatures will be associated with oncolytic viral therapy efficacy. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the changes in gut microbiota in two mouse cohorts: (1) GSC-005 glioblastoma-bearing mice treated orally with indoximod, an immunotherapeutic agent, or with Delta-24-RGDOX by intratumoral injection and (2) a mouse cohort harboring GL261-5 tumors used to mechanistically evaluate the importance of CD4"
7481,brain tumour,38596289,Noncoding RNA landscape and their emerging roles as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in meningioma.,"Meningiomas are among the most prevalent primary CNS tumors in adults, accounting for nearly 38% of all brain neoplasms. The World Health Organization (WHO) grade assigned to meningiomas guides medical care in patients and is primarily based on tumor histology and malignancy potential. Although often considered benign, meningiomas with complicated histology, limited accessibility for surgical resection, and/or higher malignancy potential (WHO grade 2 and WHO grade 3) are harder to combat, resulting in significant morbidity. With limited treatment options and no systemic therapies, it is imperative to understand meningioma tumorigenesis at the molecular level and identify novel therapeutic targets. The last decade witnessed considerable progress in understanding the noncoding RNA landscape of meningioma, with microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) emerging as molecular entities of interest. This review aims to highlight the commonly dysregulated miRNAs and lncRNAs in meningioma and their correlation with meningioma progression, malignancy, recurrence, and radioresistance. The role of ""key"" miRNAs as biomarkers and their therapeutic potential has also been reviewed in detail. Furthermore, current and emerging therapeutic modalities for meningioma have been discussed, with emphasis on the need to identify and subsequently employ clinically relevant miRNAs and lncRNAs as novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers."
7482,brain tumour,38596241,Glioblastoma modeling with 3D organoids: progress and challenges.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive adult primary brain tumor with nearly universal treatment resistance and recurrence. The mainstay of therapy remains maximal safe surgical resection followed by concurrent radiation therapy and temozolomide chemotherapy. Despite intensive investigation, alternative treatment options, such as immunotherapy or targeted molecular therapy, have yielded limited success to achieve long-term remission. This difficulty is partly due to the lack of pre-clinical models that fully recapitulate the intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity of GBM and the complex tumor microenvironment. Recently, GBM 3D organoids originating from resected patient tumors, genetic manipulation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain organoids and bio-printing or fusion with non-malignant tissues have emerged as novel culture systems to portray the biology of GBM. Here, we highlight several methodologies for generating GBM organoids and discuss insights gained using such organoid models compared to classic modeling approaches using cell lines and xenografts. We also outline limitations of current GBM 3D organoids, most notably the difficulty retaining the tumor microenvironment, and discuss current efforts for improvements. Finally, we propose potential applications of organoid models for a deeper mechanistic understanding of GBM and therapeutic development."
7483,brain tumour,38596032,ADCY4 promotes brain metastasis in small cell lung cancer and is associated with energy metabolism.,"Brain metastasis (BMs) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has a very poor prognosis. This study combined WGCNA with the mfuzz algorithm to identify potential biomarkers in the peripheral blood of patients with BMs. By comparing the significantly differentially expressed genes present in BMs samples, we identified ADCY4 as a target for further study. Expression of ADCY4 was used to cluster mfuzz expression pattern, and 28 hub genes for functional enrichment. PPI network analysis were obtained by comparing with differentially expressed genes in BMs. GABRE, NFE4 and LMOD2 are highly expressed in patients with BMs and have a good diagnostic effect. Immunoinfiltration analysis showed that SCLC patients with BMs may be associated with memory B cells, Tregs, NK cell activation, macrophage M0 and dendritic cell activation. prophytic was used to investigate the ADCY4-mediated anti-tumor drug response. In conclusion, ADCY4 can be used as a promising candidate biomarker for predicting BMs, molecular and immune features in SCLC. PCR showed that ADCY4 expression was increased in NCI-H209 and NCI-H526 SCLC cell lines. In vitro experiments confirmed that the expression of ADCY4 was significantly decreased after anti-PD1 antibody treatment, while the expression of energy metabolism factors were significantly different. This study reveals a potential mechanism by which ADCY4 mediates poor prognosis through energy metabolism -related pathways in SCLC."
7484,brain tumour,38596030,Biomimetic nanocarriers loaded with temozolomide by cloaking brain-targeting peptides for targeting drug delivery system to promote anticancer effects in glioblastoma cells.,"Glioma is the leading cancer of the central nervous system (CNS). The efficacy of glioma treatment is significantly hindered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-brain tumour barrier (BBTB), which prevent most drugs from entering the brain and tumours. Hence, we established a novel drug delivery nanosystem of brain tumour-targeting that could self-assemble the method using an amphiphilic Zein protein isolated from corn. Zein's amphiphilicity prompted it to self-assembled into NPs, efficiently containing TMZ. This allowed us to investigate temozolomide (TMZ) for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment. To construct TMZ-encapsulated NPs (TMZ@RVG-Zein NPs), the NPs' Zein was clocked to rabies virus glycoprotein 29 (RVG29). To verify that the NPs could penetrate the BBB and precisely target and kill the GBM cancer cell line, in vitro studies were performed. The process of NPs penetrating cancer cell membranes was investigated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to measure the expressions of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the U87 cell line. Therefore, effective targeted brain cancer treatment is possible by forming NP clocks, a cell-penetrating natural Zein protein with an RVG29. These NPs can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and enter the glioblastoma (U87) cell line to release TMZ. These NPs have a distinct cocktail of biocompatibility and brain-targeting abilities, making them ideal for involving brain diseases."
7485,brain tumour,38595969,Clinical roles of ,"The 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors updates glioma subtyping and grading system, and incorporates "
7486,brain tumour,38595820,Case report: Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms in three pediatric cases with medulloblastoma.,"Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children, often requiring intensive multimodal therapy, including chemotherapy with alkylating agents. However, therapy-related complications, such as therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs), can arise, particularly in patients with genetic predisposition syndromes. This case report presents three pediatric cases of medulloblastoma with subsequent development of t-MNs, highlighting the potential role of genetic predisposition and the importance of surveillance for hematological abnormalities in long-term survivors."
7487,brain tumour,38595258,[Afferent baroreflex failure with hyponatremia: A case report].,"Afferent baroreflex failure (ABF) is a rare disease. It refers to the clinical syndrome caused by the impairment of the afferent limb of the baroreflex or its central connections at the level of the medulla. The recognized causes include trauma, surgery in related areas (radical neck tumor surgery, carotid endarterectomy), neck radiotherapy, brain stem stroke, tumor growth paraganglioma and hereditary diseases, among which the most common cause is extensive neck surgery or radiotherapy for neck cancer. The main manifestations are fluctuating hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, paroxysmal tachycardia and bradycardia. This case is a young man, whose main feature is blood pressure fluctuation, accom-panied by neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH). After examination, the common causes of hypertension and nOH were ruled out. Combined with the previous neck radiotherapy and neck lymph node dissection, it was considered that the blood pressure regulation was abnormal due to the damage of carotid sinus baroreceptor after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and neck lymph node dissection, which was called ABF. At the same time, the patient was complicated with chronic hyponatremia. Combined with clinical and laboratory examination, the final consideration was caused by syndrome of in- appropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Baroreceptors controlled the secretion of heart rate, blood pressure and antidiuretic hormone through the mandatory ""inhibition"" signal. We speculate that the carotid sinus baroreceptor was damaged after neck radiotherapy and surgery, which leads to abnormal blood pressure regulation and nOH, while the function of inhibiting ADH secretion was weakened, resulting in higher ADH than normal level and mild hyponatremia. The goal of treating ABF patients was to reduce the frequency and amplitude of sudden changes in blood pressure and heart rate, and to alleviate the onset of symptomatic hypotension. At present, drug treatment is still controversial, and non-drug treatment may alleviate some patients' symptoms, but long-term effective treatment still needs further study. The incidence of ABF is not high, but it may lead to serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, and the mechanism involved is extremely complicated, and there are few related studies. The reports of relevant medical records warn that patients undergoing neck radiotherapy or surgery should minimize the da-mage to the baroreceptor in the carotid sinus in order to reduce the adverse prognosis caused by complications."
7488,brain tumour,38595234,[Dynamic trajectory and cell communication of different cell clusters in malignant progression of glioblastoma].,"To delve deeply into the dynamic trajectories of cell subpopulations and the communication network among immune cell subgroups during the malignant progression of glioblastoma (GBM), and to endeavor to unearth key risk biomarkers in the GBM malignancy progression, so as to provide a more profound understanding for the treatment and prognosis of this disease by integrating transcriptomic data and clinical information of the GBM patients."
7489,brain tumour,38595122,Predicting the risk of neurocognitive decline after brain irradiation in adult patients with a primary brain tumor.,"Deterioration of neurocognitive function in adult patients with a primary brain tumor is the most concerning side effect of radiotherapy. This study aimed to develop and evaluate normal-tissue complication probability (NTCP) models using clinical and dose-volume measures for 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year Neurocognitive Decline (ND) postradiotherapy."
7490,brain tumour,38595098,"Discovery of TNG908: A Selective, Brain Penetrant, MTA-Cooperative PRMT5 Inhibitor That Is Synthetically Lethal with ",It has been shown that PRMT5 inhibition by small molecules can selectively kill cancer cells with homozygous deletion of the 
7491,brain tumour,38595077,Early Experience With Biologically Effective Dose-Comparable Short-Course Whole Brain Radiation Therapy for Metastatic Intracranial Disease.,"For inpatients with metastatic intracranial disease burden exceeding established guidelines for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), the standard of care involves whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), typically administered as a 2-week course of treatment with biologically effective dose (BED) of 60 Gy. However, shorter course WBRT provides theoretical advantages in quality of life and decreasing systemic therapy delay. This retrospective study evaluates our early experience with BED-comparable short-course WBRT (23 Gy in 5 fractions; BED=58.3 Gy) for metastatic intracranial disease."
7492,brain tumour,38594769,Evaluation of the EMulate Therapeutics Voyager's ultra-low radiofrequency energy in murine model of glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) presents as an aggressive brain cancer, notorious for its recurrence and resistance to conventional treatments. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the EMulate Therapeutics Voyager®, a non-invasive, non-thermal, non-ionizing, battery-operated, portable experimental medical device, in treating GBM. Using ultra-low radiofrequency energy (ulRFE) to modulate intracellular activity, previous preliminary results in patients have been encouraging. Now, with a focus on murine models, our investigation seeks to elucidate the device's mechanistic impacts, further optimizing its therapeutic potential and understanding its limitations."
7493,brain tumour,38594734,Purine salvage promotes treatment resistance in H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma.,"Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), including diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs), are a fatal form of brain cancer. These tumors often carry a driver mutation on histone H3 converting lysine 27 to methionine (H3K27M). DMG-H3K27M are characterized by altered metabolism and resistance to standard of care radiation (RT) but how the H3K27M mediates the metabolic response to radiation and consequent treatment resistance is uncertain."
7494,brain tumour,38594624,Composite Microparticles from Microfluidics for Chemo-/Photothermal Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.,"Hydrogel microcarrier-based drug delivery systems are of great value in the combination therapy of tumors. Current research directions concentrate on the development of more economic, convenient, and effective combined therapeutic platforms. Herein, we developed novel adhesive composite microparticles (MP"
7495,brain tumour,38594444,IFI35 regulates non-canonical NF-κB signaling to maintain glioblastoma stem cells and recruit tumor-associated macrophages.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor characterized by a highly heterogeneous and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The symbiotic interactions between glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in the TME are critical for tumor progression. Here, we identified that IFI35, a transcriptional regulatory factor, plays both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic roles in maintaining GSCs and the immunosuppressive TME. IFI35 induced non-canonical NF-kB signaling through proteasomal processing of p105 to the DNA-binding transcription factor p50, which heterodimerizes with RELB (RELB/p50), and activated cell chemotaxis in a cell-autonomous manner. Further, IFI35 induced recruitment and maintenance of M2-like TAMs in TME in a paracrine manner. Targeting IFI35 effectively suppressed in vivo tumor growth and prolonged survival of orthotopic xenograft-bearing mice. Collectively, these findings reveal the tumor-promoting functions of IFI35 and suggest that targeting IFI35 or its downstream effectors may provide effective approaches to improve GBM treatment."
7496,brain tumour,38594369,"Design and methods of the mobile assessment of cognition, environment, and sleep (MACES) feasibility study in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients.","Endocrine therapy (ET) for breast cancer treatment is associated with cognitive complaints, but their etiology is poorly understood. To address this, we developed and implemented an ambulatory assessment protocol consisting of wearable activity monitors, brief surveys of affect, context, and perceived impairments, and ultra-brief performance-based measures of cognition. Newly diagnosed, ER/PR+, stage 0-III, female breast cancer patients, were recruited. Ambulatory assessments were conducted on smart phones and wearable activity monitors were used to monitor sleep and physical activity. Participants were asked to complete five 7-day measurement bursts (one before starting ET and one each month for 4 consecutive months while on ET). We observed a consent rate of 36%, 27 women completed the study. Of the women that withdrew, 91% dropped prior to the midpoint of follow up. There were no significant differences in demographics, clinical breast cancer characteristics, sleep or physical activity patterns, or measures of cognition between women who completed versus withdrew. Women who did not complete the study provided fewer valid days of baseline data. In conclusion, while some women may be overwhelmed with their cancer diagnosis, we did not identify any predictive characteristics of women whom did not complete the study. This novel method enables the prospective study of psychological changes associated with cancer treatment, capturing a wide array of information about behavior, experience, and cognition, thus providing a picture of the lived experiences of cancer patients before and during exposure to ET."
7497,brain tumour,38594281,Translational research of boron neutron capture therapy for spinal cord gliomas using rat model.,"Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a type of targeted particle radiation therapy with potential applications at the cellular level. Spinal cord gliomas (SCGs) present a substantial challenge owing to their poor prognosis and the lack of effective postoperative treatments. This study evaluated the efficacy of BNCT in a rat SCGs model employing the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale to assess postoperative locomotor activity. We confirmed the presence of adequate in vitro boron concentrations in F98 rat glioma and 9L rat gliosarcoma cells exposed to boronophenylalanine (BPA) and in vivo tumor boron concentration 2.5 h after intravenous BPA administration. In vivo neutron irradiation significantly enhanced survival in the BNCT group when compared with that in the untreated group, with a minimal BBB scale reduction in all sham-operated groups. These findings highlight the potential of BNCT as a promising treatment option for SCGs."
7498,brain tumour,38594259,Integration of 3D bioprinting and multi-algorithm machine learning identified glioma susceptibilities and microenvironment characteristics.,"Glioma, with its heterogeneous microenvironments and genetic subtypes, presents substantial challenges for treatment prediction and development. We integrated 3D bioprinting and multi-algorithm machine learning as a novel approach to enhance the assessment and understanding of glioma treatment responses and microenvironment characteristics. The bioprinted patient-derived glioma tissues successfully recapitulated molecular properties and drug responses of native tumors. We then developed GlioML, a machine learning workflow incorporating nine distinct algorithms and a weighted ensemble model that generated robust gene expression-based predictors, each reflecting the diverse action mechanisms of various compounds and drugs. The ensemble model superseded the performance of all individual algorithms across diverse in vitro systems, including sphere cultures, complex 3D bioprinted multicellular models, and 3D patient-derived tissues. By integrating bioprinting, the evaluative scope of the treatment expanded to T cell-related therapy and anti-angiogenesis targeted therapy. We identified promising compounds and drugs for glioma treatment and revealed distinct immunosuppressive or angiogenic myeloid-infiltrated tumor microenvironments. These insights pave the way for enhanced therapeutic development for glioma and potentially for other cancers, highlighting the broad application potential of this integrative and translational approach."
7499,brain tumour,38593976,mRNA-responsive two-in-one nanodrug for enhanced anti-tumor chemo-gene therapy.,"The combination of chemotherapy and gene therapy holds great promise for the treatment and eradication of tumors. However, due to significant differences in physicochemical properties between chemotherapeutic agents and functional nucleic acid drugs, direct integration into a single nano-agent is hindered, impeding the design and construction of an effective co-delivery nano-platform for synergistic anti-tumor treatments. In this study, we have developed an mRNA-responsive two-in-one nano-drug for effective anti-tumor therapy by the direct self-assembly of 2'-fluoro-substituted antisense DNA against P-glycoprotein (2'F-DNA) and chemo drug paclitaxel (PTX). The 2'-fluoro modification of DNA could significantly increase the interaction between the therapeutic nucleic acid and the chemotherapeutic drug, promoting the successful formation of 2'F-DNA/PTX nanospheres (2'F-DNA/PTX NSs). Due to the one-step self-assembly process without additional carrier materials, the prepared 2'F-DNA/PTX NSs exhibited considerable loading efficiency and bioavailability of PTX. In the presence of endogenous P-glycoprotein mRNA, the 2'F-DNA/PTX NSs were disassembled. The released 2'F-DNA could down-regulate the expression of P-glycoprotein, which decreased the multidrug resistance of tumor cells and enhanced the chemotherapy effect caused by PTX. In this way, the 2'F-DNA/PTX NSs could synergistically induce the apoptosis of tumor cells and realize the combined anti-tumor therapy. This strategy might provide a new tool to explore functional intracellular co-delivery nano-systems with high bioavailability and exhibit potential promising in the applications of accurate diagnosis and treatment of tumors."
7500,brain tumour,38593817,LymphoDose: a lymphocyte dose estimation framework-application to brain radiotherapy.,
7501,brain tumour,38593345,Cancer-associated point mutations within the extracellular domain of PTPRD affect protein stability and HSPG interaction.,"PTPRD, a well-established tumor suppressor gene, encodes the protein tyrosine phosphatase-type D. This protein consists of three immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domains, four to eight fibronectin type 3 (FN) domains, a single transmembrane segment, and two cytoplasmic tandem tyrosine phosphatase domains. PTPRD is known to harbor various cancer-associated point mutations. While it is assumed that PTPRD regulates cellular functions as a tumor suppressor through the tyrosine phosphatase activity in the intracellular region, the function of its extracellular domain (ECD) in cancer is not well understood. In this study, we systematically examined the impact of 92 cancer-associated point mutations within the ECD. We found that 69.6% (64 out of 92) of these mutations suppressed total protein expression and/or plasma membrane localization. Notably, almost all mutations (20 out of 21) within the region between the last FN domain and transmembrane segment affected protein expression and/or localization, highlighting the importance of this region for protein stability. We further found that some mutations within the Ig domains adjacent to the glycosaminoglycan-binding pocket enhanced PTPRD's binding ability to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). This interaction is proposed to suppress phosphatase activity. Our findings therefore suggest that HSPG-mediated attenuation of phosphatase activity may be involved in tumorigenic processes through PTPRD dysregulation."
7502,brain tumour,38593283,Novel multifunctional tacrine-donepezil hybrids against Alzheimer's disease: Design synthesis and bioactivity studies.,"A series of tacrine-donepezil hybrids were synthesized as potential multifunctional anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) compounds. For this purpose, tacrine and the benzylpiperidine moiety of donepezil were fused with a hydrazone group to achieve a small library of tacrine-donepezil hybrids. In agreement with the design, all compounds showed inhibitory activity toward both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with IC"
7503,brain tumour,38592708,Locoregional delivery of chimeric antigen receptor-T cells: Breaking the spell in glioblastoma?,No abstract found
7504,brain tumour,38592583,TNF receptor 2 knockout mouse had reduced lung cancer growth and schizophrenia-like behavior through a decrease in TrkB-dependent BDNF level.,"The relationship between schizophrenia (SCZ) and cancer development remains controversial. Based on the disease-gene association platform, it has been revealed that tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) could be an important mediatory factor in both cancer and SCZ development. TNF-α also increases the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) in the development of SCZ and tumor, but the role of TNFR in mediating the association between the two diseases remains unclear. We studied the vital roles of TNFR2 in the progression of tumor and SCZ-like behavior using A549 lung cancer cell xenografted TNFR2 knockout mice. TNFR2 knockout mice showed significantly decreased tumor size and weight as well as schizophrenia-like behaviors compared to wild-type mice. Consistent with the reduced tumor growth and SCZ-like behaviors, the levels of TrkB and BDNF expression were significantly decreased in the lung tumor tissues and pre-frontal cortex of TNFR2 knockout mice. However, intravenous injection of BDNF (160 μg/kg) to TNFR2 knockout mice for 4 weeks increased tumor growth and SCZ-like behaviors as well as TrkB expression. In in vitro study, significantly decreased cell growth and expression of TrkB and BDNF by siTNFR2 transfection were found in A549 lung cancer cells. However, the addition of BDNF (100 ng/ml) into TNFR2 siRNA transfected A549 lung cancer cells recovered cell growth and the expression of TrkB. These results suggest that TNFR2 could be an important factor in mediating the comorbidity between lung tumor growth and SCZ development through increased TrkB-dependent BDNF levels."
7505,brain tumour,38592531,The Value of Intraoperative Ultrasound in Brain Surgery.,"Favorable clinical outcomes in adult and pediatric neurosurgical oncology generally depend on the extent of tumor resection (EOR). Maximum safe resection remains the main aim of surgery in most intracranial tumors. Despite the accuracy of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) in the detection of residual intraoperatively, it is not widely implemented worldwide owing to enormous cost and technical difficulties. Over the past years, intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) has imposed itself as a valuable and reliable intraoperative tool guiding neurosurgeons to achieve gross total resection (GTR) of intracranial tumors.Being less expensive, feasible, doesn't need a high level of training, doesn't need a special workspace, and being real time with outstanding temporal and spatial resolution; all the aforementioned advantages give a superiority for IOUS in comparison to iMRI during resection of brain tumors.In this chapter, we spot the light on the technical nuances, advanced techniques, outcomes of resection, pearls, and pitfalls of the use of IOUS during the resection of brain tumors."
7506,brain tumour,38592530,Pediatric-Like Brain Tumors in Adults.,"Pediatric brain tumors are different to those found in adults in pathological type, anatomical site, molecular signature, and probable tumor drivers. Although these tumors usually occur in childhood, they also rarely present in adult patients, either as a de novo diagnosis or as a delayed recurrence of a pediatric tumor in the setting of a patient that has transitioned into adult services.Due to the rarity of pediatric-like tumors in adults, the literature on these tumor types in adults is often limited to small case series, and treatment decisions are often based on the management plans taken from pediatric studies. However, the biology of these tumors is often different from the same tumors found in children. Likewise, adult patients are often unable to tolerate the side effects of the aggressive treatments used in children-for which there is little or no evidence of efficacy in adults. In this chapter, we review the literature and summarize the clinical, pathological, molecular profile, and response to treatment for the following pediatric tumor types-medulloblastoma, ependymoma, craniopharyngioma, pilocytic astrocytoma, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, germ cell tumors, choroid plexus tumors, midline glioma, and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma-with emphasis on the differences to the adult population."
7507,brain tumour,38592528,Intraventricular Tumors: Surgical Considerations in Lateral and Third Ventricular Tumors.,"Management of lateral and third ventricular tumors has been a challenge for neurosurgeons. Advances in imaging and pathology have helped in a better understanding of the treatment options. Technical refinement of microsurgical technique and addition of endoscopy has enabled more radical excision of tumors, when indicated, and added more safety.A proper understanding of the pathology at various ages and treatment options is continuously evolving. Many pediatric tumors are amenable to conservative surgical methods with effective complementary treatments. However, radical surgery is required in many adults as the main treatment and for many benign tumors. Various intraventricular lesions encountered and their surgical management is reviewed here for their efficacy, safety, and outcome, encompassing changes in our practice over the last 20 years."
7508,brain tumour,38592527,Ependymoma from Benign to Highly Aggressive Diseases: A Review.,"Ependymomas comprise biologically distinct tumor types with respect to age distribution, (epi)genetics, localization, and prognosis. Multimodal risk-stratification, including histopathological and molecular features, is essential in these biologically defined tumor types. Gross total resection (GTR), achieved with intraoperative monitoring and neuronavigation, and if necessary, second-look surgery, is the most effective treatment. Adjuvant radiation therapy is mandatory in high-risk tumors and in case of residual tumor. There is yet growing evidence that some ependymal tumors may be cured by surgery alone. To date, the role of chemotherapy is unclear and subject of current studies.Even though standard therapy can achieve reasonable survival rates for the majority of ependymoma patients, long-term follow-up still reveals a high probability of relapse in certain biological entities.With increasing knowledge of biologically distinct tumor types, risk-adapted adjuvant therapy gains importance. Beyond initial tumor control, and avoidance of therapy-induced morbidity for low-risk patients, intensified treatment for high-risk patients comprises another challenge. With identification of specific risk features regarding molecular alterations, targeted therapy may represent an option for individualized treatment modalities in the future."
7509,brain tumour,38592525,Characterising vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy in adults: symptom development and long-term persistent outcomes.,"Decades following the introduction of vincristine as treatment for haematological malignancies, vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) remains a pervasive, untreatable side-effect. However there remains a gap in understanding the characteristics of VIPN in adults. This study presents a comprehensive phenotyping of VIPN."
7510,brain tumour,38591935,Enhancing selegiline hydrochloride efficacy: Box Behnken-optimized liposomal delivery ,"The clinical use of selegiline hydrochloride in conventional dosage forms is to reduce the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, its limited access to the brain, short half-life, and first-pass metabolism minimize brain uptake. Nano-based liposomes offer promising tools for brain-targeted delivery of therapeutics, especially intranasally administered cationic liposomes that target the brain region "
7511,brain tumour,38591901,"[Expression of immune checkpoints PD-L1, CTLA4, LAG3 in the microenvironment of colon adenocarcinoma depending on MMR status].","Study of the features of expression of immune checkpoint proteins PD-L1, CTLA4 and LAG3 in the microenvironment of colon adenocarcinoma depending on MMR status."
7512,brain tumour,38591867,Phase II Study of Osimertinib in Patients With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations: Results From the NCI-MATCH ECOG-ACRIN (EAY131) Trial Subprotocol E.,"The National Cancer Institute Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice trial is a signal-finding genomically driven platform trial that assigns patients with any advanced refractory solid tumor, lymphoma, or myeloma to targeted therapies on the basis of next-generation sequencing results. Subprotocol E evaluated osimertinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with "
7513,brain tumour,38591780,Zinc finger Protein207 orchestrates glioma migration through regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.,"Glioma represents the predominant primary malignant brain tumor. For several years, molecular profiling has been instrumental in the management and therapeutic stratification of glioma, providing a deeper understanding of its biological complexity. Accumulating evidence unveils the putative involvement of zinc finger proteins (ZNFs) in cancer. This study aimed to elucidate the role and significance of ZNF207 in glioma."
7514,brain tumour,38591426,Association between serum cytokines and timeframe for conversion from clinical high-risk to psychosis.,"Although many studies have explored the link between inflammatory markers and psychosis, there is a paucity of research investigating the temporal progression in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) who eventually develop full psychosis. To address this gap, we investigated the correlation between serum cytokine levels and Timeframe for Conversion to Psychosis (TCP) in individuals with CHR."
7515,brain tumour,38591326,"Correction to ""Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 participates in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats through inhibiting autophagy and promoting oxidative stress"".",No abstract found
7516,brain tumour,38591309,Evolution of RANO in Assessing Brain Tumour Outcomes.,"Assessing treatment response is extremely important in management of brain tumours. Response assessment in neuro-oncology (RANO) was introduced in 2008 for the purpose of making recommendations for it by addressing and countering the limitations in previously reported response criteriae. Subsequently, multiple RANO working groups have been formed to cater to different tumour types and to update their previous recommendations to counter the limitations in their criteria. Herein we have a summarized list of RANO criteria for adult brain tumours."
7517,brain tumour,38590825,Impact of metabolic syndrome on postoperative outcomes of transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: analysis of U.S. nationwide inpatient sample data 2005-2018.,Transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is the preferred surgical method for most pituitary adenomas owing to high efficacy and low mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on postoperative outcomes of TSS for pituitary adenoma.
7518,brain tumour,38590799,CCR2 and CCR5 co-inhibition modulates immunosuppressive myeloid milieu in glioma and synergizes with anti-PD-1 therapy.,"Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancers. Reinvigorating lymphocytes with checkpoint blockade has become a cornerstone of immunotherapy for multiple tumor types, but the treatment of glioblastoma has not yet shown clinical efficacy. A major hurdle to treat GBM with checkpoint blockade is the high degree of myeloid-mediated immunosuppression in brain tumors that limits CD8 T-cell activity. A potential strategy to improve anti-tumor efficacy against glioma is to use myeloid-modulating agents to target immunosuppressive cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment. We found that the co-inhibition of the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 in murine model of glioma improves the survival and synergizes robustly with anti-PD-1 therapy. Moreover, the treatment specifically reduced the infiltration of monocytic-MDSCs (M-MDSCs) into brain tumors and increased lymphocyte abundance and cytokine secretion by tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells. The depletion of T-cell subsets and myeloid cells abrogated the effects of CCR2 and CCR5 blockade, indicating that while broad depletion of myeloid cells does not improve survival, specific reduction in the infiltration of immunosuppressive myeloid cells, such as M-MDSCs, can boost the anti-tumor immune response of lymphocytes. Our study highlights the potential of CCR2/CCR5 co-inhibition in reducing myeloid-mediated immunosuppression in GBM patients."
7519,brain tumour,38590763,GD3 ganglioside is a promising therapeutic target for glioma patients.,"Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Currently, no curative treatment is available. Despite first-line treatment composed by the association of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, relapse remains inevitable in a median delay of 6 to 10 months. Improving patient management and developing new therapeutic strategies are therefore a critical medical need in neuro-oncology. Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, the most abundant in the nervous system, representing attractive therapeutic targets. The ganglioside GD3 is highly expressed in neuroectoderm-derived tumors such as melanoma and neuroblastoma, but also in gliomas. Moreover, interesting results, including our own, have reported the involvement of GD3 in the stemness of glioblastoma cells. In this review, we will first describe the characteristics of the ganglioside GD3 and its enzyme, the GD3 synthase (GD3S), including their biosynthesis and metabolism. Then, we will detail their expression and role in gliomas. Finally, we will summarize the current knowledge regarding the therapeutic development opportunities against GD3 and GD3S."
7520,brain tumour,38590653,Case report: Molecular profiling facilitates the diagnosis of a challenging case of lung cancer with choriocarcinoma features.,"Accurate diagnoses are crucial in determining the most effective treatment across different cancers. In challenging cases, morphology-based traditional pathology methods have important limitations, while molecular profiling can provide valuable information to guide clinical decisions. We present a 35-year female with lung cancer with choriocarcinoma features. Her disease involved the right lower lung, brain, and thoracic lymph nodes. The pathology from brain metastasis was reported as ""metastatic choriocarcinoma"" (a germ cell tumor) by local pathologists. She initiated carboplatin and etoposide, a regimen for choriocarcinoma. Subsequently, her case was assessed by pathologists from an academic cancer center, who gave the diagnosis of ""adenocarcinoma with aberrant expression of β-hCG"" and finally pathologists at our hospital, who gave the diagnosis of ""poorly differentiated carcinoma with choriocarcinoma features"". Genomic profiling detected a KRAS G13R mutation and transcriptomics profiling was suggestive of lung origin. The patient was treated with carboplatin/paclitaxel/ipilimumab/nivolumab followed by consolidation radiation therapy. She had no evidence of progression to date, 16 months after the initial presentation. The molecular profiling could facilitate diagnosing of challenging cancer cases. In addition, chemoimmunotherapy and local consolidation radiation therapy may provide promising therapeutic options for patients with lung cancer exhibiting choriocarcinoma features."
7521,brain tumour,38590399,PU.1 induces tumor-associated macrophages promoting glioma progression through BTK-mediated Akt/mTOR pathway activation.,"Glioma, the most common primary malignant brain tumor, is characterized by infiltrating immune cells that contribute to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a significant proportion of these infiltrating immune cells and have been implicated in glioma progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which TAMs promote glioma progression remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of PU.1, a crucial transcription factor involved in myeloid cell development, in glioma-associated macrophage polarization and activation. First, bioinformatics and analysis of clinical glioma samples demonstrated a positive correlation between PU.1 expression in TAMs and disease severity. Further experiments using in vitro coculture systems revealed that the expression of PU.1 is increased in glioma cells vs. control cells. Importantly, PU.1-overexpressing macrophages exhibited a protumorigenic phenotype characterized by enhanced migration, invasion, and proliferation. Mechanistically, we found that PU.1-induced activation of the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) signaling pathway led to Akt/mTOR pathway activation in macrophages, which further enhanced their protumorigenic functions. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of the BTK or Akt/mTOR pathway reversed the protumorigenic effects of macrophages in vitro and impaired their ability to promote glioma progression in vivo. In conclusion, our study elucidates a novel mechanism by which PU.1 induces the polarization and activation of TAMs in the glioma microenvironment. We highlight the significance of BTK-mediated Akt/mTOR pathway activation in driving the protumorigenic functions of TAMs. Targeting PU.1 and its downstream signaling pathways in TAMs may provide a promising therapeutic strategy to suppress glioma progression and improve patient outcomes."
7522,brain tumour,38590085,Detection of pathological contrast enhancement with synthetic brain imaging from quantitative multiparametric MRI.,We aimed to test whether synthetic T1-weighted imaging derived from a post-contrast Quantitative Transient-state Imaging (QTI) acquisition enabled revealing pathological contrast enhancement in intracranial lesions.
7523,brain tumour,38590067,"In Reply to Letter to the Editor Regarding ""Beyond the Surgical Margin: Patterns of Recurrence in World Health Organization Grade 2 Intracranial Meningiomas"".",No abstract found
7524,brain tumour,38589986,Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Pituitary Tumors.,"The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes diverse cellular components such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and immune cells, among others. MSC have been isolated from different tumors and they favor tumor cell growth; however, their role in pituitary tumors (PTs) remains unknown."
7525,brain tumour,38589905,Ibrutinib disrupts blood-tumor barrier integrity and prolongs survival in rodent glioma model.,"In malignant glioma, cytotoxic drugs are often inhibited from accessing the tumor site due to the blood-tumor barrier (BTB). Ibrutinib, FDA-approved lymphoma agent, inhibits Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) and has previously been shown to independently impair aortic endothelial adhesion and increase rodent glioma model survival in combination with cytotoxic therapy. Yet additional research is required to understand ibrutinib's effect on BTB function. In this study, we detail baseline BTK expression in glioma cells and its surrounding vasculature, then measure endothelial junctional expression/function changes with varied ibrutinib doses in vitro. Rat glioma cells and rodent glioma models were treated with ibrutinib alone (1-10 µM and 25 mg/kg) and in combination with doxil (10-100 µM and 3 mg/kg) to assess additive effects on viability, drug concentrations, tumor volume, endothelial junctional expression and survival. We found that ibrutinib, in a dose-dependent manner, decreased brain endothelial cell-cell adhesion over 24 h, without affecting endothelial cell viability (p < 0.005). Expression of tight junction gene and protein expression was decreased maximally 4 h after administration, along with inhibition of efflux transporter, ABCB1, activity. We demonstrated an additive effect of ibrutinib with doxil on rat glioma cells, as seen by a significant reduction in cell viability (p < 0.001) and increased CNS doxil concentration in the brain (56 ng/mL doxil alone vs. 74.6 ng/mL combination, p < 0.05). Finally, Ibrutinib, combined with doxil, prolonged median survival in rodent glioma models (27 vs. 16 days, p < 0.0001) with brain imaging showing a - 53% versus - 75% volume change with doxil alone versus combination therapy (p < 0.05). These findings indicate ibrutinib's ability to increase brain endothelial permeability via junctional disruption and efflux inhibition, to increase BTB drug entry and prolong rodent glioma model survival. Our results motivate the need to identify other BTB modifiers, all with the intent of improving survival and reducing systemic toxicities."
7526,brain tumour,38589859,Anti-EGFR ScFv functionalized exosomes delivering LPCAT1 specific siRNAs for inhibition of lung cancer brain metastases.,"Brain metastasis (BM) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, limited treatments are available due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Upregulation of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) in NSCLC has been found to promote BM. Conversely, downregulating LPCAT1 significantly suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer cells. In this study, we firstly confirmed significant upregulation of LPCAT1 in BM sites compared to primary lung cancer by analyzing scRNA dataset. We then designed a delivery system based on a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and exosomes derived from HEK293T cells to enhance cell-targeting capabilities and increase permeability. Next, we loaded LPCAT1 siRNA (siLPCAT1) into these engineered exosomes (exo"
7527,brain tumour,38589800,Rational and design of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) and brain MRI surveillance versus brain MRI surveillance alone in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer achieving complete remission (CR) of tumor after chemoradiotherapy: a multicenter prospective randomized study.,"Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is part of standard care in limited-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) at present. As evidence from retrospective studies increases, the benefits of PCI for limited-stage SCLC are being challenged."
7528,brain tumour,38589687,Indoxyl sulphate-TNFα axis mediates uremic encephalopathy in rodent acute kidney injury.,"Acute kidney injury (AKI) is often accompanied by uremic encephalopathy resulting from accumulation of uremic toxins in brain possibly due to impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Anionic uremic toxins are substrates or inhibitors of organic anionic transporters (OATs). In this study we investigated the CNS behaviors and expression/function of BBB OAT3 in AKI rats and mice, which received intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin 8 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. We showed that cisplatin treatment significantly inhibited the expressions of OAT3, synaptophysin and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), impaired locomotor and exploration activities, and increased accumulation of uremic toxins in the brain of AKI rats and mice. In vitro studies showed that uremic toxins neither alter OAT3 expression in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, nor synaptophysin and MAP2 expressions in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. In contrast, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and the conditioned medium (CM) from RAW264.7 cells treated with indoxyl sulfate (IS) significantly impaired OAT3 expression. TNFα and CM from IS-treated BV-2 cells also inhibited synaptophysin and MAP2 expressions in SH-SY5Y cells. The alterations caused by TNFα and CMs in vitro, and by AKI and TNFα in vivo were abolished by infliximab, a monoclonal antibody designed to intercept and neutralize TNFα, suggesting that AKI impaired the expressions of OAT3, synaptophysin and MAP2 in the brain via IS-induced TNFα release from macrophages or microglia (termed as IS-TNFα axis). Treatment of mice with TNFα (0.5 mg·kg"
7529,brain tumour,38589557,Hallmarks of sex bias in immuno-oncology: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.,"Sex differences are present across multiple non-reproductive organ cancers, with male individuals generally experiencing higher incidence of cancer with poorer outcomes. Although some mechanisms underlying these differences are emerging, the immunological basis is not well understood. Observations from clinical trials also suggest a sex bias in conventional immunotherapies with male individuals experiencing a more favourable response and female individuals experiencing more severe adverse events to immune checkpoint blockade. In this Perspective article, we summarize the major biological hallmarks underlying sex bias in immuno-oncology. We focus on signalling from sex hormones and chromosome-encoded gene products, along with sex hormone-independent and chromosome-independent epigenetic mechanisms in tumour and immune cells such as myeloid cells and T cells. Finally, we highlight opportunities for future studies on sex differences that integrate sex hormones and chromosomes and other emerging cancer hallmarks such as ageing and the microbiome to provide a more comprehensive view of how sex differences underlie the response in cancer that can be leveraged for more effective immuno-oncology approaches."
7530,brain tumour,38589551,Patient-reported outcomes in Primary Spinal Intradural Tumours: a systematic review.,Systematic review.
7531,brain tumour,38589034,Haploinsufficiency of phosphodiesterase 10A activates PI3K/AKT signaling independent of PTEN to induce an aggressive glioma phenotype.,"Glioblastoma is universally fatal and characterized by frequent chromosomal copy number alterations harboring oncogenes and tumor suppressors. In this study, we analyzed exome-wide human glioblastoma copy number data and found that cytoband 6q27 is an independent poor prognostic marker in multiple data sets. We then combined CRISPR-Cas9 data, human spatial transcriptomic data, and human and mouse RNA sequencing data to nominate "
7532,brain tumour,38588920,Re-irradiation for recurrent intracranial meningiomas: Analysis of clinical outcomes and prognostic factors.,"Re-irradiation (re-RT) for recurrent intracranial meningiomas is hindered by the limited radiation tolerance of surrounding tissue and the risk of side effects. This study aimed at assessing outcomes, toxicities and prognostic factors in a cohort of patients with recurrent meningiomas re-treated with different RT modalities."
7533,brain tumour,38588881,Quantitative Assessment of Preanalytic Variables on Clinical Evaluation of PI3/AKT/mTOR Signaling Activity in Diffuse Glioma.,"Biomarker-driven therapeutic clinical trials require the implementation of standardized, evidence-based practices for sample collection. In diffuse glioma, phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3)-kinase/AKT/mTOR (PI3/AKT/mTOR) signaling is an attractive therapeutic target for which window-of-opportunity clinical trials could facilitate the identification of promising new agents. Yet, the relevant preanalytic variables and optimal tumor sampling methods necessary to measure pathway activity are unknown. To address this, we used a murine model for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma (GBM) and human tumor tissue, including IDH-wildtype GBM and IDH-mutant diffuse glioma. First, we determined the impact of delayed time-to-formalin fixation, or cold ischemia time (CIT), on the quantitative assessment of cellular expression of 6 phosphoproteins that are readouts of PI3K/AK/mTOR activity (phosphorylated-proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kDa (p-PRAS40, T246), -mechanistic target of rapamycin (p-mTOR; S2448); -AKT (p-AKT, S473); -ribosomal protein S6 (p-RPS6, S240/244 and S235/236), and -eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (p-4EBP1, T37/46). With CITs ≥ 2 hours, typical of routine clinical handling, all had reduced or altered expression with p-RPS6 (S240/244) exhibiting relatively greater stability. A similar pattern was observed using patient tumor samples from the operating room with p-4EBP1 more sensitive to delayed fixation than p-RPS6 (S240/244). Many clinical trials utilize unstained slides for biomarker evaluation. Thus, we evaluated the impact of slide storage conditions on the detection of p-RPS6 (S240/244), p-4EBP1, and p-AKT. After 5 months, storage at -80°C was required to preserve the expression of p-4EBP1 and p-AKT, whereas p-RPS6 (240/244) expression was not stable regardless of storage temperature. Biomarker heterogeneity impacts optimal tumor sampling. Quantification of p-RPS6 (240/244) expression in multiple regionally distinct human tumor samples from 8 patients revealed significant intratumoral heterogeneity. Thus, the accurate assessment of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in diffuse glioma must overcome intratumoral heterogeneity and multiple preanalytic factors, including time-to-formalin fixation, slide storage conditions, and phosphoprotein of interest."
7534,brain tumour,38588795,INDIGO: Example of inappropriate crossover and why PFS cannot be the primary outcome in gliomas.,No abstract found
7535,brain tumour,38588628,Hepatocellular carcinoma biomarkers screening based on hydrogel photonic barcodes with tyramine deposition amplified ELISA.,"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as one of the most lethal cancers, significantly impacts human health. Attempts in this area tends to develop novel technologies with sensitive and multiplexed detection properties for early diagnosis. Here, we present novel hydrogel photonic crystal (PhC) barcodes with tyramine deposition amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for highly sensitive and multiplexed HCC biomarker screening. Because of the abundant amino groups of acrylic acid (AA) component, the constructed hydrogel PhC barcodes with inverse opal structure could facilitate the loading of antibody probes for subsequent detection of tumor markers. By integrating tyramine deposition amplified ELISA on the barcode, the detection signal of tumor markers has been enhanced. Based on these features, it is demonstrated that the hydrogel PhC barcodes with tyramine deposition amplified ELISA could realize highly sensitive and multiplexed detection of HCC-related biomarkers. It was found that this method is flexible, sensitive and accurate, suitable for multivariate analysis of low abundance tumor markers and future cancer diagnosis. These features make the newly developed PhC barcodes an innovation platform, which possesses tremendous potential for practical application of low abundance targets."
7536,brain tumour,38588594,Successful resection of bilateral parafalcine meningioma with unilateral interhemispheric and contralateral transfalcine approach under nonintubated spontaneous breathing conditions: illustrative case.,"The best surgical approach for resecting bilateral parafalcine meningioma, as well as the optimal anesthesia and airway management for craniotomy in patients with interstitial pneumonia (IP) for preventing postsurgical exacerbation, remains unclear."
7537,brain tumour,38588475,Validation of daily 0.35 T diffusion-weighted MRI for MRI-guided glioblastoma radiotherapy.,MRI-Linac systems enable daily diffusion-weighed imaging (DWI) MRI scans for assessing glioblastoma tumor changes with radiotherapy treatment.
7538,brain tumour,38588460,Demonstrated efficacy and mechanisms of sensitivity of ONC201: H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma in the spotlight.,No abstract found
7539,brain tumour,38588399,The Pan-RAF-MEK Nondegrading Molecular Glue NST-628 Is a Potent and Brain-Penetrant Inhibitor of the RAS-MAPK Pathway with Activity across Diverse RAS- and RAF-Driven Cancers.,"Alterations in the RAS-MAPK signaling cascade are common across multiple solid tumor types and are a driver for many cancers. NST-628 is a potent pan-RAF-MEK molecular glue that prevents the phosphorylation and activation of MEK by RAF, overcoming the limitations of traditional RAS-MAPK inhibitors and leading to deep durable inhibition of the pathway. Cellular, biochemical, and structural analyses of RAF-MEK complexes show that NST-628 engages all isoforms of RAF and prevents the formation of BRAF-CRAF heterodimers, a differentiated mechanism from all current RAF inhibitors. With a potent and durable inhibition of the RAF-MEK signaling complex as well as high intrinsic permeability into the brain, NST-628 demonstrates broad efficacy in cellular and patient-derived tumor models harboring diverse MAPK pathway alterations, including orthotopic intracranial models. Given its functional and pharmacokinetic mechanisms that are differentiated from previous therapies, NST-628 is positioned to make an impact clinically in areas of unmet patient need. Significance: This study introduces NST-628, a molecular glue having differentiated mechanism and drug-like properties. NST-628 treatment leads to broad efficacy with high tolerability and central nervous system activity across multiple RAS- and RAF-driven tumor models. NST-628 has the potential to provide transformative clinical benefits as both monotherapy and vertical combination anchor."
7540,brain tumour,38587585,Distribution of Bevacizumab into the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children and Adolescents with Recurrent Brain Tumors.,"To date, evidence has been lacking regarding bevacizumab pharmacokinetics in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)."
7541,brain tumour,38587542,Let-7a-3p overexpression increases chemosensitivity to carmustine and synergistically promotes autophagy and suppresses cell survival in U87MG glioblastoma cancer cells.,"In terms of primary brain tumors, glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive and common brain tumors. The high resistance of glioblastoma to chemotherapy has made it vital to find alternative treatments and biological mechanisms to reduce the survival of cancer cells. Given that, the objective of the present research was to explore the potential of let-7a-3p when used in combination with carmustine in human glioblastoma cancer cells. Based on previous studies, the expression of let-7a is downregulated in the U87MG cell line. Let-7a-3p transfected into U87MG glioblastoma cells. Cell viability of the cells was assessed by MTT assay. The apoptotic induction in U87MG cancerous cells was determined through the utilization of DAPI and Annexin V/PI staining techniques. Moreover, the induction of autophagy and cell cycle arrest was evaluated by flow cytometry. Furthermore, cell migration was evaluated by the wound healing assay while colony formation assay was conducted to evaluate colony formation. Also, the expression of the relevant genes was evaluated using qRT-PCR. Transfection of let-7a-3p mimic in U87MG cells increased the expression of the miRNA and also increased the sensitivity of U87MG cells to carmustine. Let-7a-3p and carmustine induced sub-G1 and S phase cell cycle arrest, respectively. Combination treatment of let-7a-3p and carmustine synergistically increased arrested cells and induced apoptosis through regulating involved genes including P53, caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax. Combined treatment with let-7a-3p and carmustine also induced autophagy and increased the expression of the ATG5 and Beclin 1 (ATG6). Furthermore, let-7a-3p combined with carmustine inhibited cell migration via decreasing the expression of MMP-2. Moreover, the combination therapy decreased the ability of U87MG to form colonies through downregulating CD-44. In conclusion, our work suggests that combining let-7a-3p replacement therapy with carmustine treatment could be considered a promising strategy in treatment and can increase efficiency of glioblastoma chemotherapy."
7542,brain tumour,38587357,Normal Brain and Brain Tumor ADC: Changes Resulting From Variation of Diffusion Time and/or Echo Time in Pulsed-Gradient Spin Echo Diffusion Imaging.,"Increasing gradient performance on modern magnetic resonance imaging scanners has profoundly reduced the attainable diffusion and echo times for clinically available pulsed-gradient spin echo (PGSE) sequences. This study investigated how this may impact the measured apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), which is considered an important diagnostic marker for differentiation between normal and abnormal brain tissue and for therapeutic follow-up."
7543,brain tumour,38587010,Is there a role for metastasis-directed therapy in bladder cancer?,"This article aims to comprehensively review and critique the existing literature on the role of metastatic-directed therapy in patients with metastatic bladder cancer, particularly in oligometastatic disease state."
7544,brain tumour,38586986,CAR T-cell therapy induces a high rate of prolonged remission in relapsed primary CNS lymphoma: Real-life results of the LOC network.,"The prognosis of relapsed primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) remains dismal. CAR T-cells are a major contributor to systemic lymphomas, but their use in PCNSL is limited. From the LOC network database, we retrospectively selected PCNSL who had leukapheresis for CAR-T cells from the third line of treatment, and, as controls, PCNSL treated with any treatment, at least in the third line and considered not eligible for ASCT. Twenty-seven patients (median age: 68, median of three previous lines, including ASCT in 14/27) had leukapheresis, of whom 25 received CAR T-cells (tisa-cel: N = 16, axi-cel: N = 9) between 2020 and 2023. All but one received a bridging therapy. The median follow-up after leukapheresis was 20.8 months. The best response after CAR-T cells was complete response in 16 patients (64%). One-year progression-free survival from leukapheresis was 43% with a plateau afterward. One-year relapse-free survival was 79% for patients in complete or partial response at CAR T-cell infusion. The median overall survival was 21.2 months. Twenty-three patients experienced a cytokine release syndrome and 17/25 patients (68%) a neurotoxicity (five grade ≥3). The efficacy endpoints were significantly better in the CAR T-cell group than in the control group (N = 247) (median PFS: 3 months; median OS: 4.7 months; p < 0.001). This series represents the largest cohort of PCNSL treated with CAR T-cells reported worldwide. CAR T-cells are effective in relapsed PCNSL, with a high rate of long-term remission and a reassuring tolerance profile. The results seem clearly superior to those usually observed in this setting."
7545,brain tumour,38586625,Rare Coexistence: Pilocytic Astrocytoma With Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor Features in an Infant.,"This case report describes the presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management challenges encountered in an eight-month-old female infant with fever, seizure, and a large cystic brain lesion initially diagnosed as pilocytic astrocytoma but later demonstrating atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) features on histopathological examination-the infant presented with a fever and cold persisting for 10 days, followed by a seizure episode. Laboratory investigations revealed abnormalities, including anemia and leukocytosis. Imaging studies identified a large cystic lesion causing hydrocephalus. Despite initial treatment, the patient continued to experience seizures, prompting surgical intervention. Debulking surgery was performed, resulting in postoperative motor deficits. Subsequent imaging revealed persistent lesions, leading to further surgical intervention with shunt placement. Histopathological examination confirmed pilocytic astrocytoma with features suggestive of AT/RT. Despite counseling regarding poor prognosis and recommendations for chemotherapy, the parents declined further treatment, and the patient was discharged. This case underscores the diagnostic complexity and therapeutic dilemmas associated with rare histological overlaps in pediatric brain tumors, emphasizing the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and tailored treatment strategies for optimal patient care."
7546,brain tumour,38586213,Ketogenic metabolic therapy in conjunction with standard treatment for glioblastoma: A case report.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumour in adults. The standard of care consists of surgical resection and concurrent chemoradiation, followed by adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy. This protocol is associated with a median survival of 12-15 months, and <5% of patients survive >3 years. Ketogenic metabolic therapy (KMT) targets cancer cell metabolism by restricting glucose availability and evoking differential stress resistance and sensitization, which may augment the standard treatments and lead to therapeutic benefit. The present study reports the case of a 64-year-old woman with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype GBM who pursued the standard treatment protocol in conjunction with an intensive, multimodal KMT program for 3 years. The KMT program consisted of a series of prolonged (7-day, fluid-only) fasts, which were specifically timed to maximize the tolerability and efficacy of the standard treatments, combined with a time-restricted ketogenic diet on all other days. During the first and second treatment years the patient sustained a glucose ketone index (GKI) of 1.65 and 2.02, respectively, which coincided with complete clinical improvement, a healthy body-mass index and a high quality of life, with no visible progressive tumour detected on imaging at the end of the second year. In the setting of the death of an immediate family member leading to increased life stress, slightly relaxed KMT adherence, and a higher GKI of 3.20, slow cancer progression occurred during the third year. The adverse effects attributed to KMT were mild. Despite the limitations of this case report, it highlights the feasibility of implementing the standard treatment protocol for GBM in conjunction with an intensive, long-term, multimodal and specifically timed KMT program, the potential therapeutic efficacy of which may depend upon achieving as low a GKI as possible."
7547,brain tumour,38586107,Effect of memory therapy on enhancing postoperative cognitive function recovery and alleviating mood disturbances in brain glioma patients.,To assess the impact of memory therapy on enhancing recovery of postoperative cognitive function and alleviating mood disturbances in brain glioma patients.
7548,brain tumour,38586048,Analysis of gliomas DNA methylation: Assessment of pre-analytical variables.,"Precision oncology is driven by molecular biomarkers. For glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common malignant adult primary brain tumor, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase ( "
7549,brain tumour,38585907,Deep learning to decode sites of RNA translation in normal and cancerous tissues.,"The biological process of RNA translation is fundamental to cellular life and has wide-ranging implications for human disease. Yet, accurately delineating the variation in RNA translation represents a significant challenge. Here, we develop RiboTIE, a transformer model-based approach to map global RNA translation. We find that RiboTIE offers unparalleled precision and sensitivity for ribosome profiling data. Application of RiboTIE to normal brain and medulloblastoma cancer samples enables high-resolution insights into disease regulation of RNA translation."
7550,brain tumour,38585888,IL-8 Instructs Macrophage Identity in Lateral Ventricle Contacting Glioblastoma.,"Adult IDH-wildtype glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with no established immunotherapy or targeted therapy. Recently, CD32"
7551,brain tumour,38585856,Biologically-informed deep neural networks provide quantitative assessment of intratumoral heterogeneity in post-treatment glioblastoma.,"Intratumoral heterogeneity poses a significant challenge to the diagnosis and treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). This heterogeneity is further exacerbated during GBM recurrence, as treatment-induced reactive changes produce additional intratumoral heterogeneity that is ambiguous to differentiate on clinical imaging. There is an urgent need to develop non-invasive approaches to map the heterogeneous landscape of histopathological alterations throughout the entire lesion for each patient. We propose to predictively fuse Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with the underlying intratumoral heterogeneity in recurrent GBM using machine learning (ML) by leveraging image-localized biopsies with their associated locoregional MRI features. To this end, we develop BioNet, a biologically-informed neural network model, to predict regional distributions of three tissue-specific gene modules: proliferating tumor, reactive/inflammatory cells, and infiltrated brain tissue. BioNet offers valuable insights into the integration of multiple implicit and qualitative biological domain knowledge, which are challenging to describe in mathematical formulations. BioNet performs significantly better than a range of existing methods on cross-validation and blind test datasets. Voxel-level prediction maps of the gene modules by BioNet help reveal intratumoral heterogeneity, which can improve surgical targeting of confirmatory biopsies and evaluation of neuro-oncological treatment effectiveness. The non-invasive nature of the approach can potentially facilitate regular monitoring of the gene modules over time, and making timely therapeutic adjustment. These results also highlight the emerging role of ML in precision medicine."
7552,brain tumour,38585848,"SERBP1 interacts with PARP1 and is present in PARylation-dependent protein complexes regulating splicing, cell division, and ribosome biogenesis.","RNA binding proteins (RBPs) containing intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are present in diverse molecular complexes where they function as dynamic regulators. Their characteristics promote liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and the formation of membraneless organelles such as stress granules and nucleoli. IDR-RBPs are particularly relevant in the nervous system and their dysfunction is associated with neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumor development. Serpine1 mRNA-binding protein 1 (SERBP1) is a unique member of this group, being mostly disordered and lacking canonical RNA-binding domains. We defined SERBP1's interactome, uncovered novel roles in splicing, cell division and ribosomal biogenesis, and showed its participation in pathological stress granules and Tau aggregates in Alzheimer's brains. SERBP1 preferentially interacts with other G-quadruplex (G4) binders, implicated in different stages of gene expression, suggesting that G4 binding is a critical component of SERBP1 function in different settings. Similarly, we identified important associations between SERBP1 and PARP1/polyADP-ribosylation (PARylation). SERBP1 interacts with PARP1 and its associated factors and influences PARylation. Moreover, protein complexes in which SERBP1 participates contain mostly PARylated proteins and PAR binders. Based on these results, we propose a feedback regulatory model in which SERBP1 influences PARP1 function and PARylation, while PARylation modulates SERBP1 functions and participation in regulatory complexes."
7553,brain tumour,38585839,Androgen loss weakens anti-tumor immunity and accelerates brain tumor growth.,"Many cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM), have a male-biased sex difference in incidence and outcome. The underlying reasons for this sex bias are unclear but likely involve differences in tumor cell state and immune response. This effect is further amplified by sex hormones, including androgens, which have been shown to inhibit anti-tumor T cell immunity. Here, we show that androgens drive anti-tumor immunity in brain tumors, in contrast to its effect in other tumor types. Upon castration, tumor growth was accelerated with attenuated T cell function in GBM and brain tumor models, but the opposite was observed when tumors were located outside the brain. Activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland (HPA) axis was increased in castrated mice, particularly in those with brain tumors. Blockade of glucocorticoid receptors reversed the accelerated tumor growth in castrated mice, indicating that the effect of castration was mediated by elevated glucocorticoid signaling. Furthermore, this mechanism was not GBM specific, but brain specific, as hyperactivation of the HPA axis was observed with intracranial implantation of non-GBM tumors in the brain. Together, our findings establish that brain tumors drive distinct endocrine-mediated mechanisms in the androgen-deprived setting and highlight the importance of organ-specific effects on anti-tumor immunity."
7554,brain tumour,38585009,Case report: Solitary mass of the sciatic nerve confirmed as a primary extranodal manifestation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a geriatric patient.,"Neoplastic lesions affecting peripheral nerves are rare in the general population and, most often, are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors. However, a minority of lesions represent high-grade malignancies associated with a poor prognosis, such as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). Very rarely, these tumors represent peripheral non-nerve sheath tumors (PNNSTs), such as hematological neoplasms that impair nerve function. These can be hard to distinguish from MPNSTs and other lesions arising from the nerve itself. In the present case report, we describe a rare case of direct infiltration of nerves by tumor cells of a hematological neoplasm."
7555,brain tumour,38584983,A Review on Neuroinflammatory Pathway Mediating Through Ang-II/AT1 Receptors and a Novel Approach for the Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia in Combination with ARB's and Ceftriaxone.,"Ischemic stroke is one of the prevalent neurodegenerative disorders; it is generally characterized by sudden abruption of blood flow due to thromboembolism and vascular abnormalities, eventually impairing the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the brain for its metabolic needs. Oxygen-glucose deprived conditions provoke the release of excessive glutamate, which causes excitotoxicity."
7556,brain tumour,38584878,Prognostic factors to predict postoperative survival in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.,There are no generally accepted criteria for selecting patients with recurrent glioblastoma for surgery. This retrospective study in a Danish population-based cohort aimed to identify prognostic factors affecting postoperative survival after repeated surgery for recurrent glioblastoma and to test if the preoperative New Scale for Recurrent Glioblastoma Surgery (NSGS) developed by Park CK et al could assist in the selection of patients for repeat glioblastoma surgery.
7557,brain tumour,38584868,Assessing the impact of distortion correction on Gamma Knife radiosurgery for multiple metastasis: Volumetric and dosimetric analysis.,"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a robust neuroimaging technique and is the preferred method for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) planning. However, MRI data always contain distortions caused by hardware and patient factors."
7558,brain tumour,38584865,Posterior cranial fossa meningiomas: Comparison of results between patients older and younger than 70 years.,Surgical strategy for meningioma resection in the elderly is controversial: diverse studies in the literature have pointed at the age as a negative prognostic factor in terms of postoperative results.
7559,brain tumour,38584840,The construction of a novel prognostic prediction model for glioma based on GWAS-identified prognostic-related risk loci.,"Glioma is a highly malignant brain tumor with a grim prognosis. Genetic factors play a role in glioma development. While some susceptibility loci associated with glioma have been identified, the risk loci associated with prognosis have received less attention. This study aims to identify risk loci associated with glioma prognosis and establish a prognostic prediction model for glioma patients in the Chinese Han population."
7560,brain tumour,38584542,Suppression of Glioblastoma Stem Cell Potency and Tumor Growth via LRRK2 Inhibition.,"Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a large GTP-regulated serine/threonine kinase, is well-known for its mutations causing late-onset Parkinson's disease. However, the role of LRRK2 in glioblastoma (GBM) carcinogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we discovered that LRRK2 was overexpressed in 40% of GBM patients, according to tissue microarray analysis, and high LRRK2 expression correlated with poor prognosis in GBM patients. LRRK2 and stemness factors were highly expressed in various patient-derived GBM stem cells, which are responsible for GBM initiation. Canonical serum-induced differentiation decreased the expression of both LRRK2 and stemness factors. Given that LRRK2 is a key regulator of glioma stem cell (GSC) stemness, we developed DNK72, a novel LRRK2 kinase inhibitor that penetrates the blood-brain barrier. DNK72 binds to the phosphorylation sites of active LRRK2 and dramatically reduced cell proliferation and stemness factors expression in "
7561,brain tumour,38584349,18 F-MFBG PET/CT and MRI in Identifying Brain Metastases in a Posttreatment Neuroblastoma Patient.,"A 7-year-old girl with known brain metastasis from neuroblastoma developed new onset of severe headache. A brain MRI confirmed known metastasis in the right frontal lobe of the brain without new abnormalities. The patient was enrolled in a clinical trial using 18 F-MFBG PET/CT to evaluate patients with neuroblastoma. The images confirmed abnormal activity in the known lesion in the right frontal lobe. In addition, the PET showed additional foci of abnormal activity in the left cerebellopontine region. A follow-up brain MRI study acquired 4 months later revealed abnormal signals in the same region."
7562,brain tumour,38584217,Diagnostic and prognostic nomograms for laryngeal carcinoma patients with lung metastasis: a SEER-based study.,To establish two nomograms to quantify the risk of lung metastasis (LM) in laryngeal carcinoma (LC) and predict the overall survival of LC patients with LM.
7563,brain tumour,38584068,ETV6-NTRK2 Fusion in a Patient With Metastatic Pulmonary Atypical Carcinoid Successfully Treated With Entrectinib: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.,"Pulmonary atypical carcinoid (AC) is an extremely rare neuroendocrine tumor. The neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK) fusions are reported in only 0.5% of nonsmall cell lung cancer, and are more rare in AC with only one previously reported case. Currently, there is little established evidence on the optimal therapeutic strategies and prognosis for advanced cases. We present a female patient with metastatic AC after complete resection. Due to low expression of somatostatin receptor in this case, somatostatin analogs and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy were not available. After pursuing other alternative treatments, including chemotherapy (ie, carboplatin, etoposide, capecitabine, temozolomide, and paclitaxel), everolimus, and atezolizumab, she returned with significant progression, including innumerable subcutaneous nodules, left pleura metastasis, multiple bone metastases, and brain metastases. New biopsy analysis revealed an ETV6-NTRK2 fusion. She was immediately administered the first-generation tropomyosin receptor kinase inhibitor entrectinib at a dose of 600 mg q.d. A subsequent month of treatment resulted in a complete response in all of the metastatic lung lesions. To date, she has maintained sustained benefit for at least 1 year from initiation of entrectinib. Here, we present the first case of a female patient with metastatic AC harboring the ETV6-NTRK2 fusion, and successfully treated with entrectinib, providing evidence for the application of entrectinib in patients with NTRK-positive AC, and underscoring the critical role of molecular profiling for such cases."
7564,brain tumour,38583830,Chondroitin sulphate modified MoS,Nano-MoS
7565,brain tumour,38583575,A novel peptide-drug conjugate for glioma-targeted drug delivery.,"The existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB) greatly limits the application of chemotherapy in glioma. To address this challenge, an optimal drug delivery system must efficiently cross the BBB/BBTB and specifically deliver therapeutic drugs into glioma cells while minimizing systemic toxicity. Here we demonstrated that glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and dopamine receptor D2 were highly expressed in patient-derived glioma tissues, and dopamine receptors were highly expressed on the BBB. Subsequently, we synthesized a novel ""Y""-shaped peptide and compared the effects of different linkers on the receptor affinity and targeting ability of the peptide. A peptide-drug conjugate (pHA-AOHX-VAP-doxorubicin conjugate, pHA-AOHX-VAP-DOX) with a better affinity for glioma cells and higher solubility was derived for glioma treatment. pHA-AOHX-VAP-DOX could cross both BBB and BBTB via dopamine receptor and GRP78 receptor, and finally target glioma cells, significantly prolonging the survival time of nude mice bearing intracranial glioma. Furthermore, pHA-AOHX-VAP-DOX significantly reduced the toxicity of DOX and increased the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Collectively, this work paves a new avenue for overcoming multiple barriers and effectively delivering chemotherapeutic agents to glioma cells while providing key evidence to identify potential receptors for glioma-targeted drug delivery."
7566,brain tumour,38583567,The Effect of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Pituitary Surgery.,"As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spread to the United States in 2020, there was an impetus toward postponing or ceasing nonurgent transsphenoidal pituitary surgeries to prevent the spread of the virus. Some centers encouraged transcranial approaches for patients with declining neurologic function. However, no large-scale data exist evaluating the effects that this situation had on national pituitary practice patterns."
7567,brain tumour,38583565,Outcomes of Trigeminal Ganglion Sparing Surgical Resection of Nonacoustic Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors Causing Trigeminal Neuralgia.,"Tumors may be responsible for up to 5% of trigeminal neuralgia cases. Predictors of long-term pain relief after surgical resection of various cerebellopontine angle tumor types are not well understood. Previous studies found that size and extent of resection predict long-term pain status, although resection of tumor involving the trigeminal ganglion may be associated with high morbidity. This study evaluated predictors of TN pain freedom after resection of a nonacoustic CPA tumor, with avoidance of any portion involving the TG."
7568,brain tumour,38583563,Association Between Pretreatment ,To clarify the relationships between 
7569,brain tumour,38583562,A Study on Prognosis of Diffuse Glioma Based on Clinical Factors and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Radiomics.,To construct an optimal prognostic model to assess the prognosis of patients with diffuse glioma.
7570,brain tumour,38583428,High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Salvage Therapy of Relapsed/Refractory Germ Cell Tumors: A Single-Center Experience.,"The optimal management of relapsed/refractory germ cell tumors remains unsettled. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) as salvage therapy in patients who progressed after at least one line of cisplatin-based chemotherapy."
7571,brain tumour,38583126,Standardized brain tumor reporting in the multidisciplinary spotlight: pros of the BT-RADS.,No abstract found
7572,brain tumour,38583125,Standardized reporting systems for (which?) brain tumors from in the dark: cons of the BT-RADS.,No abstract found
7573,brain tumour,38583077,Revolutionizing Neurocare: Biomimetic Nanodelivery Via Cell Membranes.,"Brain disorders represent a significant challenge in medical science due to the formidable blood-brain barrier (BBB), which severely limits the penetration of conventional therapeutics, hindering effective treatment strategies. This review delves into the innovative realm of biomimetic nanodelivery systems, including stem cell-derived nanoghosts, tumor cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, and erythrocyte membrane-based carriers, highlighting their potential to circumvent the BBB's restrictions. By mimicking native cell properties, these nanocarriers emerge as a promising solution for enhancing drug delivery to the brain, offering a strategic advantage in overcoming the barrier's selective permeability. The unique benefits of leveraging cell membranes from various sources is evaluated and advanced technologies for fabricating cell membrane-encapsulated nanoparticles capable of masquerading as endogenous cells are examined. This enables the targeted delivery of a broad spectrum of therapeutic agents, ranging from small molecule drugs to proteins, thereby providing an innovative approach to neurocare. Further, the review contrasts the capabilities and limitations of these biomimetic nanocarriers with traditional delivery methods, underlining their potential to enable targeted, sustained, and minimally invasive treatment modalities. This review is concluded with a perspective on the clinical translation of these biomimetic systems, underscoring their transformative impact on the therapeutic landscape for intractable brain diseases."
7574,brain tumour,38582867,Functional and structural reorganization in brain tumors: a machine learning approach using desynchronized functional oscillations.,"Neuroimaging studies have allowed for non-invasive mapping of brain networks in brain tumors. Although tumor core and edema are easily identifiable using standard MRI acquisitions, imaging studies often neglect signals, structures, and functions within their presence. Therefore, both functional and diffusion signals, as well as their relationship with global patterns of connectivity reorganization, are poorly understood. Here, we explore the functional activity and the structure of white matter fibers considering the contribution of the whole tumor in a surgical context. First, we find intertwined alterations in the frequency domain of local and spatially distributed resting-state functional signals, potentially arising within the tumor. Second, we propose a fiber tracking pipeline capable of using anatomical information while still reconstructing bundles in tumoral and peritumoral tissue. Finally, using machine learning and healthy anatomical information, we predict structural rearrangement after surgery given the preoperative brain network. The generative model also disentangles complex patterns of connectivity reorganization for different types of tumors. Overall, we show the importance of carefully designing studies including MR signals within damaged brain tissues, as they exhibit and relate to non-trivial patterns of both structural and functional (dis-)connections or activity."
7575,brain tumour,38582787,RevCAR-expressing immune effector cells for targeting of Fn14-positive glioblastoma.,"In recent studies, we have established the unique adapter chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) platform RevCAR which uses, as an extracellular CAR domain, a peptide epitope instead of an antibody domain. RevCAR adapters (termed RevCAR target modules, RevTMs) are bispecific antibodies that enable the reversible ON/OFF switch of the RevCAR system, improving the safety compared to conventional CARs. Here, we describe for the first time its use for retargeting of both T and NK-92 cells. In addition, we describe the development and preclinical validation of a novel RevTM for targeting of the fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) surface receptor which is overexpressed on Glioblastoma (GBM) cells, and therefore serves as a promising target for the treatment of GBM. The novel RevTM efficiently redirects RevCAR modified T and NK-92 cells and leads to the killing of GBM cells both in vitro and in vivo. Tumor cell killing is associated with increased IL-2, TNF-α and/or IFN-γ secretion. Hence, these findings give an insight into the complementary potential of both RevCAR T and NK-92 systems as a safe and specific immunotherapeutic approach against GBM."
7576,brain tumour,38582632,Metabolic habitat imaging with hemodynamic heterogeneity predicts individual progression-free survival in high-grade glioma.,We design a feasibility study to obtain a set of metabolic-hemodynamic habitats for tackling tumor spatial metabolic patterns with hemodynamic information.
7577,brain tumour,38582500,Carrier-Free Self-Assembly Nano-Sonosensitizers for Sonodynamic-Amplified Cuproptosis-Ferroptosis in Glioblastoma Therapy.,"Cuproptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death significantly depending on the transport efficacy of copper (Cu) ionophores. However, existing Cu ionophores, primarily small molecules with a short blood half-life, face challenges in transporting enough amounts of Cu ions into tumor cells. This work describes the construction of carrier-free nanoparticles (Ce6@Cu NPs), which self-assembled by the coordination of Cu"
7578,brain tumour,38582415,Edaravone dexborneol attenuates cognitive impairment in a rat model of vascular dementia by inhibiting hippocampal oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and modulating the NMDA receptor signaling pathway.,"Exploring the intricate pathogenesis of Vascular Dementia (VD), there is a noted absence of potent treatments available in the current medical landscape. A new brain-protective medication developed in China, Edaravone dexboeol (EDB), has shown promise due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, albeit with a need for additional research to elucidate its role and mechanisms in VD contexts. In a research setup, a VD model was established utilizing Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, subjected to permanent bilateral typical carotid artery occlusion (2VO). Behavioral assessment of the rats was conducted using the Bederson test and pole climbing test, while cognitive abilities, particularly learning and memory, were evaluated via the novel object recognition test and the Morris water maze test. Ensuing, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined through Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Synaptic plasticity-related proteins, synaptophysin (SYP), post-synaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor proteins (NR1, NR2A, NR2B) were investigated via Western blotting technique. The findings imply that EDB has the potential to ameliorate cognitive deficiencies, attributed to VD, by mitigating oxidative stress, dampening inflammatory responses, and modulating the NMDA receptor signaling pathway, furnishing new perspectives into EDB's mechanism and proposing potential avenues for therapeutic strategies in managing VD."
7579,brain tumour,38582396,The mechanism of extracellular CypB promotes glioblastoma adaptation to glutamine deprivation microenvironment.,"Glioblastoma, previously known as glioblastoma multiform (GBM), is a type of glioma with a high degree of malignancy and rapid growth rate. It is highly dependent on glutamine (Gln) metabolism during proliferation and lags in neoangiogenesis, leading to extensive Gln depletion in the core region of GBM. Gln-derived glutamate is used to synthesize the antioxidant Glutathione (GSH). We demonstrated that GSH levels are also reduced in Gln deficiency, leading to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The ROS production induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and the proteins in the ER are secreted into the extracellular medium. We collected GBM cell supernatants cultured with or without Gln medium; the core and peripheral regions of human GBM tumor tissues. Proteomic analysis was used to screen out the target-secreted protein CypB. We demonstrated that the extracellular CypB expression is associated with Gln deprivation. Then, we verified that GBM can promote the glycolytic pathway by activating HIF-1α to upregulate the expression of GLUT1 and LDHA. Meanwhile, the DRP1 was activated, increasing mitochondrial fission, thus inhibiting mitochondrial function. To explore the specific mechanism of its regulation, we constructed a si-CD147 knockout model and added human recombinant CypB protein to verify that extracellular CypB influenced the expression of downstream p-AKT through its cell membrane receptor CD147 binding. Moreover, we confirmed that p-AKT could upregulate HIF-1α and DRP1. Finally, we observed that extracellular CypB can bind to the CD147 receptor, activate p-AKT, upregulate HIF-1α and DRP1 in order to promote glycolysis while inhibiting mitochondrial function to adapt to the Gln-deprived microenvironment."
7580,brain tumour,38582394,Targeting the molecular chaperone CCT2 inhibits GBM progression by influencing KRAS stability.,"Proper protein folding relies on the assistance of molecular chaperones post-translation. Dysfunctions in chaperones can cause diseases associated with protein misfolding, including cancer. While previous studies have identified CCT2 as a chaperone subunit and an autophagy receptor, its specific involvement in glioblastoma remains unknown. Here, we identified CCT2 promote glioblastoma progression. Using approaches of coimmunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry and surface plasmon resonance, we found CCT2 directly bound to KRAS leading to increased stability and upregulated downstream signaling of KRAS. Interestingly, we found that dihydroartemisinin, a derivative of artemisinin, exhibited therapeutic effects in a glioblastoma animal model. We further demonstrated direct binding between dihydroartemisinin and CCT2. Treatment with dihydroartemisinin resulted in decreased KRAS expression and downstream signaling. Highlighting the significance of CCT2, CCT2 overexpression rescued the inhibitory effect of dihydroartemisinin on glioblastoma. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that CCT2 promotes glioblastoma progression by directly binding to and enhancing the stability of the KRAS protein. Additionally, dihydroartemisinin inhibits glioblastoma by targeting the CCT2 and the following KRAS signaling. Our findings overcome the challenge posed by the undruggable nature of KRAS and offer potential therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma treatment."
7581,brain tumour,38582393,Exploring ncRNA-mediated regulation of EGFR signalling in glioblastoma: From mechanisms to therapeutics.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and deadly primary brain tumor type, with a discouragingly low survival rate and few effective treatments. An important function of the EGFR signalling pathway in the development of GBM is to affect tumor proliferation, persistence, and treatment resistance. Advances in molecular biology in the last several years have shown how important ncRNAs are for controlling a wide range of biological activities, including cancer progression and development. NcRNAs have become important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, and they may affect the EGFR pathway by either directly targeting EGFR or by modifying important transcription factors and downstream signalling molecules. The EGFR pathway is aberrantly activated in response to the dysregulation of certain ncRNAs, which has been linked to GBM carcinogenesis, treatment resistance, and unfavourable patient outcomes. We review the literature on miRNAs, circRNAs and lncRNAs that are implicated in the regulation of EGFR signalling in GBM, discussing their mechanisms of action, interactions with the signalling pathway, and implications for GBM therapy. Furthermore, we explore the potential of ncRNA-based strategies to overcome resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies, including the use of ncRNA mimics or inhibitors to modulate the activity of key regulators within the pathway."
7582,brain tumour,38582000,Identification and classification of glioma subtypes based on RNA-binding proteins.,"Glioma is a common and aggressive primary malignant cancer known for its high morbidity, mortality, and recurrence rates. Despite this, treatment options for glioma are currently restricted. The dysregulation of RBPs has been linked to the advancement of several types of cancer, but their precise role in glioma evolution is still not fully understood. This study sought to investigate how RBPs may impact the development and prognosis of glioma, with potential implications for prognosis and therapy."
7583,brain tumour,38581776,Microsurgical removal of supratentorial and cerebellar cavernous malformations: what has changed? A single institution experience.,Features associated with a safe surgical resection of cerebral cavernous malformations (CMs) are still not clear and what is needed to achieve this target has not been defined yet.
7584,brain tumour,38581609,An update on susceptibility-weighted imaging in brain gliomas.,"Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) has become a standard component of most brain MRI protocols. While traditionally used for detecting and characterising brain hemorrhages typically associated with stroke or trauma, SWI has also shown promising results in glioma assessment. Numerous studies have highlighted SWI's role in differentiating gliomas from other brain lesions, such as primary central nervous system lymphomas or metastases. Additionally, SWI aids radiologists in non-invasively grading gliomas and predicting their phenotypic profiles. Various researchers have suggested incorporating SWI as an adjunct sequence for predicting treatment response and for post-treatment monitoring. A significant focus of these studies is on the detection of intratumoural susceptibility signals (ITSSs) in gliomas, which are indicative of microhemorrhages and vessels within the tumour. The quantity, distribution, and characteristics of these ITSSs can provide radiologists with more precise information for evaluating and characterising gliomas. Furthermore, the potential benefits and added value of performing SWI after the administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have been explored. This review offers a comprehensive, educational, and practical overview of the potential applications and future directions of SWI in the context of glioma assessment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: SWI has proven effective in evaluating gliomas, especially through assessing intratumoural susceptibility signal changes, and is becoming a promising, easily integrated tool in MRI protocols for both pre- and post-treatment assessments. KEY POINTS: • Susceptibility-weighted imaging is the most sensitive sequence for detecting blood and calcium inside brain lesions. • This sequence, acquired with and without gadolinium, helps with glioma diagnosis, characterisation, and grading through the detection of intratumoural susceptibility signals. • There are ongoing challenges that must be faced to clarify the role of susceptibility-weighted imaging for glioma assessment."
7585,brain tumour,38581569,Perifocal edema is a risk factor for preoperative seizures in patients with meningioma WHO grade 2 and 3.,"Patients with intracranial meningiomas frequently suffer from tumor-related seizures prior to resection, impacting patients' quality of life. We aimed to elaborate on incidence and predictors for seizures in a patient cohort with meningiomas WHO grade 2 and 3."
7586,brain tumour,38581376,A Spatial Interpolation Approach to Assign Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Derived Material Properties for Finite Element Models of Adeno-Associated Virus Infusion Into a Recurrent Brain Tumor.,"Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a clinically useful gene delivery vehicle for treating neurological diseases. To deliver AAV to focal targets, direct infusion into brain tissue by convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is often needed due to AAV's limited penetration across the blood-brain-barrier and its low diffusivity in tissue. In this study, computational models that predict the spatial distribution of AAV in brain tissue during CED were developed to guide future placement of infusion catheters in recurrent brain tumors following primary tumor resection. The brain was modeled as a porous medium, and material property fields that account for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived anatomical regions were interpolated and directly assigned to an unstructured finite element mesh. By eliminating the need to mesh complex surfaces between fluid regions and tissue, mesh preparation was expedited, increasing the model's clinical feasibility. The infusion model predicted preferential fluid diversion into open fluid regions such as the ventricles and subarachnoid space (SAS). Additionally, a sensitivity analysis of AAV delivery demonstrated that improved AAV distribution in the tumor was achieved at higher tumor hydraulic conductivity or lower tumor porosity. Depending on the tumor infusion site, the AAV distribution covered 3.67-70.25% of the tumor volume (using a 10% AAV concentration threshold), demonstrating the model's potential to inform the selection of infusion sites for maximal tumor coverage."
7587,brain tumour,38581292,Radical surgical resection with molecular margins is associated with improved survival in IDH wild-type glioblastoma.,"Survival is variable in patients with glioblastoma IDH wild-type (GBM), even after comparable surgical resection of radiographically detectable disease, highlighting the limitations of radiographic assessment of infiltrative tumor anatomy. The majority of postsurgical progressive events are failures within 2 cm of the resection margin, motivating supramaximal resection strategies to improve local control. However, which patients benefit from such radical resections remains unknown."
7588,brain tumour,38581262,P2X,"Neurotransmission and neuroinflammation are controlled by local increases in both extracellular ATP and the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG). While it is known that extracellular ATP stimulates 2-AG production in cells in culture, the dynamics and molecular mechanisms that underlie this response remain poorly understood. Detection of real-time changes in eCB levels with the genetically encoded sensor, GRAB"
7589,brain tumour,38581226,Secondary cerebro-cerebellar and intra-cerebellar dysfunction in cerebellar mutism syndrome.,"Cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS) is characterized by deficits of speech, movement, and affect that can occur following tumor removal from the posterior fossa. The role of cerebro-cerebellar tract injuries in the etiology of CMS remains unclear, with recent studies suggesting that cerebro-cerebellar dysfunction may be related to chronic, rather than transient, symptomatology."
7590,brain tumour,38581214,PTPN7 mediates macrophage-polarization and determines immunotherapy in gliomas: A single-cell sequencing analysis.,"Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 7 (PTPN7) is a signaling molecule that regulates a multitude of cellular processes, spanning cell proliferation, cellular differentiation, the mitotic cycle, and oncogenic metamorphosis. However, the characteristic of PTPN7 in the glioma microenvironment has yet to be elucidated."
7591,brain tumour,38581197,"Rare dual-genotype IDH mutant glioma: Review of previously reported cases and two new cases of true ""oligoastrocytoma"".","In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) eliminated ""oligoastrocytoma"" from the classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors, in favor of an integrated histologic and molecular diagnosis. Consistent with the 2016 classification, in the 2021 classification, oligodendrogliomas are defined by mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) with concurrent 1p19q codeletion, while astrocytomas are IDH mutant tumors, usually with ATRX loss. In 2007, a 24-year-old man presented with a brain tumor histologically described as astrocytoma, but with molecular studies consistent with an oligodendroglioma, IDH mutant and 1p19q-codeleted. Years later, at resection, pathology revealed an astrocytoma, with variable ATRX expression and mutations of IDH, ATRX, TP53, and TERT by DNA sequencing. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies confirmed 1p19q codeletion in sections of the tumor shown to histologically retain ATRX expression. Separately, in 2017, a 36-year-old woman presented with a frontal brain tumor with pathology consistent with an oligodendroglioma, IDH mutant and 1p19q-codeleted. Two years later, pathology revealed an astrocytoma, IDH1 mutant, with ATRX loss. These two cases likely represent the rare occurrence of dual-genotype IDH mutant infiltrating glioma. Nine cases of dual-genotype IDH mutant glioma were previously reported in the literature. We present two cases in which this distinct molecular phenotype is present in a tumor in the same location with surgeries at two points in time, both with 1p19q codeletion and ATRX loss at the time of resection. Whether this represents a true ""collision tumor"" or genetic switching over time is not known, but the co-occurrence of these hybrid mutations supports a diagnosis of dual-genotype IDH mutant glioma."
7592,brain tumour,38581034,CNS tumors with PLAGL1-fusion: beyond ZFTA and YAP1 in the genetic spectrum of supratentorial ependymomas.,"A novel methylation class, ""neuroepithelial tumor, with PLAGL1 fusion"" (NET-PLAGL1), has recently been described, based on epigenetic features, as a supratentorial pediatric brain tumor with recurrent histopathological features suggesting an ependymal differentiation. Because of the recent identification of this neoplastic entity, few histopathological, radiological and clinical data are available. Herein, we present a detailed series of nine cases of PLAGL1-fused supratentorial tumors, reclassified from a series of supratentorial ependymomas, non-ZFTA/non-YAP1 fusion-positive and subependymomas of the young. This study included extensive clinical, radiological, histopathological, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, genetic and epigenetic (DNA methylation profiling) data for characterization. An important aim of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a novel fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) targeting the PLAGL1 gene. Using histopathology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, we confirmed the ependymal differentiation of this new neoplastic entity. Indeed, the cases histopathologically presented as ""mixed subependymomas-ependymomas"" with well-circumscribed tumors exhibiting a diffuse immunoreactivity for GFAP, without expression of Olig2 or SOX10. Ultrastructurally, they also harbored features reminiscent of ependymal differentiation, such as cilia. Different gene partners were fused with PLAGL1: FOXO1, EWSR1 and for the first time MAML2. The PLAGL1 FISH presented a 100% sensitivity and specificity according to RNA sequencing and DNA methylation profiling results. This cohort of supratentorial PLAGL1-fused tumors highlights: 1/ the ependymal cell origin of this new neoplastic entity; 2/ benefit of looking for a PLAGL1 fusion in supratentorial cases of non-ZFTA/non-YAP1 ependymomas; and 3/ the usefulness of PLAGL1 FISH."
7593,brain tumour,38580937,Real-life clinical management patterns in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer across France: a multi-method study.,We designed this study based on both a physician practice survey and real-world patient data to: (1) evaluate clinical management practices in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) among medical centers located across France; and (2) describe first-line treatment patterns among patients with ES-SCLC following the introduction of immunotherapy into clinical practice.
7594,brain tumour,38580900,Real-world patient characteristics and treatment patterns in US patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.,Patients from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) controlled clinical trials do not always reflect real-world heterogeneous patient populations. We designed a study to describe the real-world patient characteristics and treatment patterns of first-line treatment in patients in the US with NSCLC.
7595,brain tumour,38580878,Prognostic utility and characteristics of MIB-1 labeling index as a proliferative activity marker in childhood low-grade glioma: a retrospective observational study.,"The prognostic utility of MIB-1 labeling index (LI) in pediatric low-grade glioma (PLGG) has not yet conclusively been described. We assess the correlation of MIB-1 LI and tumor growth velocity (TGV), aiming to contribute to the understanding of clinical implications and the predictive value of MIB-1 LI as an indicator of proliferative activity and progression-free survival (PFS) in PLGG."
7596,brain tumour,38580555,Direct visualization of intraparotid facial nerve assisting in parotid tumor resection.,"Precise recognition of the intraparotid facial nerve (IFN) is crucial during parotid tumor resection. We aimed to explore the application effect of direct visualization of the IFN in parotid tumor resection. Fifteen patients with parotid tumors were enrolled in this study and underwent specific radiological scanning in which the IFNs were displayed as high-intensity images. After image segmentation, IFN could be preoperatively directly visualized. Mixed reality combined with surgical navigation were applied to intraoperatively directly visualize the segmentation results as real-time three-dimensional holograms, guiding the surgeons in IFN dissection and tumor resection. Radiological visibility of the IFN, accuracy of image segmentation and postoperative facial nerve function were analyzed. The trunks of IFN were directly visible in radiological images for all patients. Of 37 landmark points on the IFN, 36 were accurately segmented. Four patients were classified as House-Brackmann Grade I postoperatively. Two patients with malignancies had postoperative long-standing facial paralysis. Direct visualization of IFN was a feasible novel method with high accuracy that could assist in recognition of IFN and therefore potentially improve the treatment outcome of parotid tumor resection."
7597,brain tumour,38580195,Melatonin: A potential protective multifaceted force for sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy.,"Sepsis is a life-threatening condition manifested by organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Lung, brain, liver, kidney, and heart are among the affected organs. Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy is a common cause of death among septic patients. Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy is characterized by an acute and reversible significant decline in biventricular both systolic and diastolic function. This is accompanied by left ventricular dilatation. The pathogenesis underlying sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy is multifactorial. Hence, targeting an individual pathway may not be effective in halting the extensive dysregulated immune response. Despite major advances in sepsis management strategies, no effective pharmacological strategies have been shown to treat or even reverse sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Melatonin, namely, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is synthesized in the pineal gland of mammals and can also be produced in many cells and tissues. Melatonin has cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-tumor activity. Several literature reviews have explored the role of melatonin in preventing sepsis-induced organ failure. Melatonin was found to act on different pathways that are involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Through its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity, it offers a potential role in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Its antioxidant activity is through free radical scavenging against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and modulating the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Melatonin anti-inflammatory activities control the overactive immune system and mitigate cytokine storm. Also, it mitigates mitochondrial dysfunction, a major mechanism involved in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, and thus controls apoptosis. Therefore, this review discusses melatonin as a promising drug for the management of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy."
7598,brain tumour,38580105,E3 Ubiquitin Ligase NEDD4L Negatively Regulates Skin Tumorigenesis by Inhibiting IL-6/GP130 Signaling Pathway.,"IL-6 signaling plays a crucial role in the survival and metastasis of skin cancer. NEDD4L acts as a suppressor of IL-6 signaling by targeting GP130 degradation. However, the effects of the NEDD4L-regulated IL-6/GP130 signaling pathway on skin cancer remain unclear. In this study, protein expression levels of NEDD4L and GP130 were measured in tumor tissues from patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Skin tumors were induced in wild-type and Nedd4l-knockout mice, and activation of the IL-6/GP130/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway was detected. The results indicated a negative correlation between the protein expression levels of NEDD4L and GP130 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma tissues from patients. Nedd4l deficiency significantly promoted 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced skin tumorigenesis and benign-to-malignant conversion by activating the IL-6/GP130/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway, which was abrogated by supplementation with the GP130 inhibitor SC144. Furthermore, our findings suggested that NEDD4L can interact with GP130 and promote its ubiquitination in skin tumors. In conclusion, our results indicate that NEDD4L could act as a tumor suppressor in skin cancer, and inhibition of GP130 could be a potential therapeutic method for treating this disease."
7599,brain tumour,38580093,Application of Machine Learning for Classification of Brain Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.,Classifying brain tumors accurately is crucial for treatment and prognosis. Machine learning (ML) shows great promise in improving tumor classification accuracy. This study evaluates ML algorithms for differentiating various brain tumor types.
7600,brain tumour,38580091,Intraventricular Pilocytic Astrocytoma in Adults: A 25-year Single-Center Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature.,"Pilocytic astrocytomas (PA) are the most common gliomas in children/adolescents but are less common and poorly studied in adults. Here, we describe the clinical presentation, surgical management, and outcomes of surgically treated adult patients with intraventricular (IV) PA and review the literature."
7601,brain tumour,38580083,A Pilot Study of Simulation-Free Hippocampal-Avoidance Whole Brain Radiation Therapy Using Diagnostic MRI-Based and Online Adaptive Planning.,We aimed to demonstrate the clinical feasibility and safety of simulation-free hippocampal avoidance whole brain radiation therapy (HA-WBRT) in a pilot study (National Clinical Trial 05096286).
7602,brain tumour,38579726,Shifting the landscape: The role of IDH inhibitors in glioma cell fate.,"In this issue of Cancer Cell, Spitzer and colleagues demonstrate the role of IDH inhibitors on IDHmutant gliomas in reducing proliferation and enhancing cell differentiation toward an astrocytic-like state, thus altering neurodevelopmental pathways. Despite clinical promise, unresolved questions regarding mechanisms of action and resistance underline the need for further research for treatment optimization."
7603,brain tumour,38579725,Tumor cell-intrinsic epigenetic dysregulation shapes cancer-associated fibroblasts heterogeneity to metabolically support pancreatic cancer.,"The tumor microenvironment (TME) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) involves a significant accumulation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as part of the host response to tumor cells. The origins and functions of transcriptionally diverse CAF populations in PDAC remain poorly understood. Tumor cell-intrinsic genetic mutations and epigenetic dysregulation may reshape the TME; however, their impacts on CAF heterogeneity remain elusive. SETD2, a histone H3K36 trimethyl-transferase, functions as a tumor suppressor. Through single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify a lipid-laden CAF subpopulation marked by ABCA8a in Setd2-deficient pancreatic tumors. Our findings reveal that tumor-intrinsic SETD2 loss unleashes BMP2 signaling via ectopic gain of H3K27Ac, leading to CAFs differentiation toward lipid-rich phenotype. Lipid-laden CAFs then enhance tumor progression by providing lipids for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation via ABCA8a transporter. Together, our study links CAF heterogeneity to epigenetic dysregulation in tumor cells, highlighting a previously unappreciated metabolic interaction between CAFs and pancreatic tumor cells."
7604,brain tumour,38579724,Mutant IDH inhibitors induce lineage differentiation in IDH-mutant oligodendroglioma.,"A subset of patients with IDH-mutant glioma respond to inhibitors of mutant IDH (IDHi), yet the molecular underpinnings of such responses are not understood. Here, we profiled by single-cell or single-nucleus RNA-sequencing three IDH-mutant oligodendrogliomas from patients who derived clinical benefit from IDHi. Importantly, the tissues were sampled on-drug, four weeks from treatment initiation. We further integrate our findings with analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptomes from independent cohorts and experimental models. We find that IDHi treatment induces a robust differentiation toward the astrocytic lineage, accompanied by a depletion of stem-like cells and a reduction of cell proliferation. Furthermore, mutations in NOTCH1 are associated with decreased astrocytic differentiation and may limit the response to IDHi. Our study highlights the differentiating potential of IDHi on the cellular hierarchies that drive oligodendrogliomas and suggests a genetic modifier that may improve patient stratification."
7605,brain tumour,38579552,Telovelar vs. Transvermian approach for the fourth ventricle tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Tumors in the fourth ventricle can be critical due to the small size of the fourth ventricle, which causes symptoms to be detected even in the presence of lesser mass effects. A proper surgical approach to the fourth ventricle poses challenges due to its deep location and proximity to vital compartments within the brainstem. The two commonly used approaches to these tumors are the transvermian and telovelar approaches."
7606,brain tumour,38579343,The intersection of race and social determinants of health on clinical outcome of glioblastoma patients.,"Resection, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and tumor treating fields significantly increase the overall survival (OS) of glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Yet, cost and healthcare disparities might limit access. Multiple studies have attributed more than 80% of the GBM disease burden to White patients. The aim of this study was to explore the intersections of race and social determinants of health (SDoH) with healthcare access and outcomes of GBM patients in a large metropolitan area."
7607,brain tumour,38579169,has-miR-134-5p inhibits the proliferation and migration of glioma cells by regulating the BDNF/ERK signaling pathway.,"Our research investigated the effects of hsa-miR-134-5p on glioma progression, focusing on its interaction with the BDNF/ERK signaling pathway. U251 and U87 cell lines were analyzed post-transfection with hsa-miR-134-5p mimics and inhibitors, confirming the miRNA's binding to BDNF using dual luciferase assays. Q-PCR was employed to measure expression changes, revealing that hsa-miR-134-5p markedly inhibited glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as evidenced by CCK8, monoclonal formation, and Transwell assays. Scratch tests and Western blotting demonstrated hsa-miR-134-5p's modulation of the BDNF/ERK pathway and associated decrease in MMP2/9 protein levels. Flow cytometry suggested that hsa-miR-134-5p might also block the G0/S phase transition. "
7608,brain tumour,38578883,Cuproptosis-related gene-located DNA methylation in lower-grade glioma: Prognosis and tumor microenvironment.,"Cuproptosis a novel copper-dependent cell death modality, plays a crucial part in the oncogenesis, progression and prognosis of tumors. However, the relationships among DNA-methylation located in cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs), overall survival (OS) and the tumor microenvironment remain undefined. In this study, we systematically assessed the prognostic value of CRG-located DNA-methylation for lower-grade glioma (LGG). Clinical and molecular data were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. We employed Cox hazard regression to examine the associations between CRG-located DNA-methylation and OS, leading to the development of a prognostic signature. Kaplan-Meier survival and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were utilized to gauge the accuracy of the signature. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was applied to uncover potential biological functions of differentially expressed genes between high- and low-risk groups. A three CRG-located DNA-methylation prognostic signature was established based on TCGA database and validated in GEO dataset. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year area under the curve (AUC) of ROC curves in the TCGA dataset were 0.884, 0.888, and 0.859 while those in the GEO dataset were 0.943, 0.761 and 0.725, respectively. Cox-regression-analyses revealed the risk signature as an independent risk factor for LGG patients. Immunogenomic profiling suggested that the signature was associated with immune infiltration level and immune checkpoints. Functional enrichment analysis indicated differential enrichment in cell differentiation in the hindbrain, ECM receptor interactions, glycolysis and reactive oxygen species pathway across different groups. We developed and verified a novel CRG-located DNA-methylation signature to predict the prognosis in LGG patients. Our findings emphasize the potential clinical implications of CRG-located DNA-methylation indicating that it may serve as a promising therapeutic target for LGG patients."
7609,brain tumour,38578863,Conditional Diffusion Models for Semantic 3D Brain MRI Synthesis.,"Artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, especially in medical imaging, faces challenges due to data scarcity and privacy concerns. Addressing these, we introduce Med-DDPM, a diffusion model designed for 3D semantic brain MRI synthesis. This model effectively tackles data scarcity and privacy issues by integrating semantic conditioning. This involves the channel-wise concatenation of a conditioning image to the model input, enabling control in image generation. Med-DDPM demonstrates superior stability and performance compared to existing 3D brain imaging synthesis methods. It generates diverse, anatomically coherent images with high visual fidelity. In terms of dice score in the tumor segmentation task, Med-DDPM achieves 0.6207, close to the 0.6531 dice score of real images, and outperforms baseline models. Combined with real images, it further increases segmentation accuracy to 0.6675, showing the potential of the proposed method for data augmentation. This model represents the first use of a diffusion model in 3D semantic brain MRI synthesis, producing high-quality images. Its semantic conditioning feature also shows potential for image anonymization in biomedical imaging, addressing data and privacy issues."
7610,brain tumour,38578749,Impact of improved dead time correction on the quantification accuracy of a dedicated BrainPET scanner.,"Quantitative values derived from PET brain images are of high interest for neuroscientific applications. Insufficient DT correction (DTC) can lead to a systematic bias of the output parameters obtained by a detailed analysis of the time activity curves (TACs). The DTC method currently used for the Siemens 3T MR BrainPET insert is global, i.e., differences in DT losses between detector blocks are not considered, leading to inaccurate DTC and, consequently, to inaccurate measurements masked by a bias. However, following careful evaluation with phantom measurements, a new block-pairwise DTC method has demonstrated a higher degree of accuracy compared to the global DTC method."
7611,brain tumour,38578714,Three-Dimensional Structure Light Robot-Assisted Frameless Stereotactic Brain Biopsy.,"To assess the feasibility, accuracy, and safety of 3-dimensional (3D) structure light robot-assisted frameless stereotactic brain biopsy."
7612,brain tumour,38578531,"Clinical and radiological features of intracranial ancient schwannomas: a single-institution, retrospective analysis.","Ancient schwannoma (AS) is a subtype of schwannoma characterized by slow progression despite degenerative changes in pathology. Although it is considered a benign tumor, most previous reports have focused on extracranial AS; therefore, the clinical characteristics of intracranial AS is not clear. We included 174 patients who underwent surgery for sporadic intracranial schwannoma, and 13 patients (7.5%) were diagnosed with AS. Cysts were significantly more common in patients with AS than conventional schwannomas (92.3% vs. 44.7%, p < 0.001), as was bleeding (38.5% vs. 6.9%, p = 0.003) and calcification (15.4% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.029). The maximum tumor diameter was also larger in patients with AS (35 mm vs. 29 mm, p = 0.017). The median duration from symptom onset to surgery (7.0 vs. 12.5 months, p = 0.740) did not significantly differ between groups, nor did the probability of postoperative recurrence (p = 0.949). Intracranial AS was strongly associated with cyst formation and exhibited a benign clinical course with a lower rate of recurrence and need for salvage treatment. Extracranial AS is reportedly characterized by a slow progression through a long-term clinical course, whereas intracranial AS did not progress slowly in our study and exhibited different clinical features to those reported for extracranial AS."
7613,brain tumour,38578520,"Quantifying H&E staining results, grading and predicting IDH mutation status of gliomas using hybrid multi-dimensional MRI.","To assess the performance of hybrid multi-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (HM-MRI) in quantifying hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining results, grading and predicting isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status of gliomas."
7614,brain tumour,38578509,Reply to Letter to the Editor: Reply to comparison of patient setup accuracy for optical surface-guided and X-ray-guided imaging with respect to the impact on intracranial stereotactic radiotherapy.,No abstract found
7615,brain tumour,38578508,"Letter to the Editor: reply to ""Comparison of patient setup accuracy for optical surface-guided and X-ray-guided imaging with respect to the impact on intracranial stereotactic radiotherapy"".",No abstract found
7616,brain tumour,38578478,Bleeding solitary SEGA in non-tuberous sclerosis complex adolescent: a case illustration and review of literature.,"Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) represents a benign brain tumor occurring in 5-20% of individuals diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), serving as a major diagnostic criterion. The presence of SEGA in a patient often prompts consideration of TSC as a probable diagnosis, given its unique association with this disorder. Typically, only one additional major criterion or two minor criteria are necessary to fulfill the diagnostic criteria for TSC. However, in rare instances, SEGA may manifest in patients without clinical features of TSC, termed solitary SEGA. The occurrence of solitary SEGA in patients lacking both clinical manifestations of TSC and genetic confirmation is extremely rare. Furthermore, the presentation of SEGA with intratumoral bleeding is exceedingly uncommon. Here, we presented a case of bleeding solitary SEGA in non-TSC adolescent who underwent surgery and has remained free of disease for a minimum of 3 years. Genetic analysis of peripheral blood and tumor tissue yielded negative results for TSC-related mutations. While SEGA occurrence in non-TSC patients is uncommon, it remains one of the possible diagnoses of intraventricular tumors. However, comprehensive genetic and physical evaluations are imperative to confirm the TSC status and guide further investigations and follow-up appropriately."
7617,brain tumour,38578473,Treatment of hyperprolactinemia in women: A Position Statement from the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations (Febrasgo) and the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM).,"Dopamine agonists are the first line of treatment for patients with symptomatic hyperprolactinemia due to prolactinomas and in those with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. Treatment with these agents is effective in 80%-90% of the cases. Infertility treatment of patients with hyperprolactinemia is also carried out with dopamine agonists, aiming for the normalization of prolactin levels. The risk of symptomatic growth of prolactinomas during pregnancy is dependent on the tumor's size, duration of previous treatments, and prolactin levels. Notably, the corresponding risk is relatively low in cases of microprolactinomas (<5%). Remission of hyperprolactinemia occurs in about 30% of the patients after drug treatment and may also occur after pregnancy and menopause. The use of some drugs, such as antidepressants and antipsychotics, is a frequent cause of hyperprolactinemia, and managing this occurrence involves unique considerations. This position statement by the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations (Febrasgo) and Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM) addresses the recommendations for measurement of serum prolactin levels and the investigations of symptomatic and asymptomatic hyperprolactinemia and drug-induced hyperprolactinemia in women."
7618,brain tumour,38578472,Diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia in women: A Position Statement from the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations (Febrasgo) and the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM).,"Hyperprolactinemia is a frequent cause of menstrual irregularity, galactorrhea, hypogonadism, and infertility. The most common etiologies of hyperprolactinemia can be classified as physiological, pharmacological, and pathological. Among pathological conditions, it is essential to distinguish prolactinomas from other tumors and pituitary lesions presenting with hyperprolactinemia due to pituitary stalk disconnection. Proper investigation considering clinical data, laboratory tests, and, if necessary, imaging evaluation, is important to identify the correctcause of hyperprolactinemia and manage the patient properly. This position statement by the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations (Febrasgo) and Brazilian Societyof Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM) addresses the recommendations for measurement of serum prolactin levels and the investigations of symptomatic and asymptomatic hyperprolactinemia and medication-induced hyperprolactinemia in women."
7619,brain tumour,38578465,Treatment modalities and outcomes of granular cell tumors and spindle cell oncocytomas of the pituitary gland: an analysis of two national cancer databases.,"Spindle cell oncocytomas (SCO) and granular cell tumors (GCT) are rare primary pituitary neoplasms; the optimal treatment paradigms for these lesions are unknown and largely unexplored. Thus, using national registries, we analyze the epidemiology, management patterns, and surgical outcomes of SCOs and GCTs."
7620,brain tumour,38578405,Strategies to Improve Drug Delivery Across the Blood-Brain Barrier for Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma remains resistant to most conventional treatments. Despite scientific advances in the past three decades, there has been a dearth of effective new treatments. New approaches to drug delivery and clinical trial design are needed."
7621,brain tumour,38578401,Long-term use of clomiphene in male macroprolactinomas with persistent hypogonadism.,"Men with macroprolactinoma can present persistent hypogonadism despite normoprolactinemia achieved with clinical and/or neurosurgical treatment. Usually, testosterone replacement therapy is indicated. Nevertheless, although off-label, clomiphene citrate (CC), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, has also been used, mainly when fertility is an issue. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of CC in recovering the gonadal axis in men with macroprolactinoma, with or without hyperprolactinemia, and evaluate its safety as a long-term therapy."
7622,brain tumour,38578306,Treatment response as surrogate to predict risk for disease progression in pediatric medulloblastoma with persistent magnetic resonance imaging lesions after first-line treatment.,This study aims at clarifying the impact of persistent residual lesions following first-line treatment for pediatric medulloblastoma.
7623,brain tumour,38577941,Knockdown of PGBD5 inhibits the malignant progression of glioma through upregulation of the PPAR pathway.,"Glioma is the most common type of primary intracranial malignant tumor, and because of its high invasiveness and recurrence, its prognosis remains poor. The present study investigated the biological function of piggyBac transportable element derived 5 (PGBD5) in glioma. Glioma and para-cancerous tissues were obtained from five patients. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of PGBD5. Transwell assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate cell migration, invasion, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. In addition, a nude mouse tumor transplantation model was established to study the downstream pathways of PGBD5 and the molecular mechanism was analyzed using transcriptome sequencing. The mRNA and protein expression levels of PGBD5 were increased in glioma tissues and cells. Notably, knockdown of PGBD5 "
7624,brain tumour,38577900,Exploring neuroadaptive cellular pathways in chronic morphine exposure: An in-vitro analysis of cabergoline and Mdivi-1 co-treatment effects on the autophagy-apoptosis axis.,"The complex impacts of prolonged morphine exposure continue to be a significant focus in the expanding area of addiction studies. This research investigates the effectiveness of a combined treatment using Cabergoline and Mdivi-1 to counteract the neuroadaptive changes caused by in vitro morphine treatment. The impact of Methadone, Cabergoline, and a combination of Cabergoline and Mdivi-1 on the cellular and molecular responses associated with Morphine-induced changes was studied in human Neuroblastoma (SK-N-MC) and Glioblastoma (U87-MG) cell lines that were exposed to prolong Morphine treatment. Cabergoline and Mdivi-1 combined treatment effectively influenced the molecular alterations associated with neuroadaptation in chronic morphine-exposed neural cells. This combination therapy normalized autophagy and reduced oxidative stress by enhancing total-antioxidant capacity, mitigating apoptosis, restoring BDNF expression, and balancing apoptotic elements. Our research outlines morphine's dual role in modulating mitochondrial dynamics via the dysregulation of the autophagy-apoptosis axis. This emphasizes the significant involvement of DRP1 activity in neurological adaptation processes, as well as disturbances in the dopaminergic pathway during in vitro chronic exposure to morphine in neural cells. This study proposes a novel approach by recommending the potential effectiveness of combining Cabergoline and Mdivi-1 to modulate the neuroadaptations caused by morphine. Additionally, we identified BDNF and PCNA in neural cells as potential neuroprotective markers for assessing the effectiveness of drugs against opioid toxicity, emphasizing the need for further validation. The study uncovers diverse effects observed in pretreated morphine glioblastoma cells under treatment with Cabergoline and methadone. This highlights the potential for new treatments in the DRD2 pathway and underscores the importance of investigating the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis to advance research in managing cancer-related pain. The study necessitates an in-depth investigation into the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis, with a specific emphasis on protein interactions and the dynamics of cell signaling."
7625,brain tumour,38577848,A case report of prostate cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis and bone marrow involvement.,"Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in prostate cancer which manifests as cerebral, leptomeningeal, or dural involvement is uncommon and occurs late in the course of disease."
7626,brain tumour,38577818,"The relationships of platelet-derived growth factor, microvascular proliferation, and tumor cell proliferation in canine high-grade oligodendrogliomas: Immunohistochemistry of 45 tumors and an AFOB-01 xenograft mouse model.","High-grade oligodendroglioma (HGOG) is the most common type of glioma in dogs and expresses platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFR-α). Microvascular proliferation is often observed in HGOG. Therefore, the present study investigated the functional relationships between PDGFR-α, microvascular proliferation, and tumor cell proliferation in canine HGOG. The expression of PDGFR-α and PDGF-subunit A (PDGF-A) in tumor cells, as well as endothelial cells and pericytes of tumor-associated microvascular proliferations, in 45 canine HGOGs were examined immunohistochemically. Microvascular proliferation was observed in 24/45 cases (53%). PDGFR-α expression in tumor cells and microvascular proliferations was observed in 45/45 (100%) and 2/24 cases (8%), respectively. Furthermore, PDGF-A expression in tumor cells and microvascular proliferations was detected in 13/45 (29%) and 24/24 cases (100%), respectively. In vitro, stimulation of the canine HGOG cell line AOFB-01 with PDGF-A showed that the doubling time of AOFB-01 cells was significantly shorter with PDGF-A than without PDGF-A. Crenolanib (a PDGFR inhibitor) inhibited AOFB-01 cell proliferation. In vivo, the AOFB-01 xenograft mouse model was treated with crenolanib. Tumor xenografts were smaller in crenolanib-treated mice than in untreated control mice. PDGFR-α expression in tumor cells and PDGF-A expression in microvascular proliferations and tumor cells suggest autocrine and paracrine effects of PDGF-A in canine HGOG. The results of in vitro assays indicate that canine HGOG expresses functional PDGFR-α, which responds to PDGF-A. Therefore, PDGF-A produced by microvascular proliferations and tumor cells may promote the proliferation of PDGFR-α-expressing tumor cells in canine HGOG. PDGFR-α signaling has potential as a therapeutic target."
7627,brain tumour,38577746,Clinical Assessment of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Diffuse Glioma: Insights Into Histological Grading and ,To assess the diagnostic utility of clinical magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in distinguishing between histological grading and isocitrate dehydrogenase (
7628,brain tumour,38577340,Malignant transformation of primary ameloblastoma of skull: case report and review of current literature.,"Since 1964, there has been a scarcity of reported cases of primary ameloblastoma (AM) or ameloblastic carcinoma (AMCa) of the skull. The clinical presentation and distinctive features of this uncommon condition at specific anatomical sites remain unclear. We report a case of malignant transformation of a primary AM of the skull situated in the frontal-temporal-parietal region and highlight its similarities to other cases reported in the literature."
7629,brain tumour,38577017,MicroRNAs in meningiomas: Potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.,"Meningiomas, characterized primarily as benign intracranial or spinal tumors, present distinctive challenges due to their variable clinical behavior, with certain cases exhibiting aggressive features linked to elevated morbidity and mortality. Despite their prevalence, the underlying molecular mechanisms governing the initiation and progression of meningiomas remain insufficiently understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small endogenous non-coding RNAs orchestrating post-transcriptional gene expression, have garnered substantial attention in this context. They emerge as pivotal biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets, offering innovative avenues for managing meningiomas. Recent research delves into the intricate mechanisms by which miRNAs contribute to meningioma pathogenesis, unraveling the molecular complexities of this enigmatic tumor. Meningiomas, originating from arachnoid meningothelial cells and known for their gradual growth, constitute a significant portion of intracranial tumors. The clinical challenge lies in comprehending their progression, particularly factors associated with brain invasion and heightened recurrence rates, which remain elusive. This comprehensive review underscores the pivotal role of miRNAs, accentuating their potential to advance our comprehension of meningioma biology. Furthermore, it suggests promising directions for developing diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic interventions, holding the promise of markedly improved patient outcomes in the face of this intricate and variable disease."
7630,brain tumour,38576956,Awake brain mapping by direct cortical stimulation; technical note to get higher resection rate and low morbidity in low-grade glioma patients.,"Direct cortical stimulation has been used for brain mapping and localization of eloquent areas in awake patients. This simplified technique is to provide the positive areas, which can be preserved if the tumor or lesions are involved eloquent areas."
7631,brain tumour,38576929,Rupture of a dermoid cyst in the subarachnoid space: a case report.,"Intracranial dermoid cysts (IDC) are defined as rare, slow-growing cystic congenital neoplasms. Rupture of an intracranial dermoid cyst occurs rarely and most often spontaneously and results in potentially serious symptoms."
7632,brain tumour,38576913,The role of hydrogels in the management of brain tumours: a narrative review.,"Conventional therapeutic techniques for brain tumours have limitations and side effects, necessitating the need for alternative treatment options. MRI-monitored therapeutic hydrogel systems show potential as a non-surgical approach for brain tumour treatment. Hydrogels have unique physical and chemical properties that make them promising for brain tumour treatment, including the ability to encapsulate therapeutic agents, provide sustained and controlled drug release, and overcome the blood-brain barrier for better penetration. By combining hydrogel systems with MRI techniques, it is possible to develop therapeutic approaches that provide real-time monitoring and controlled release of therapeutic agents. Surgical resection remains important, but there is a growing need for alternative approaches that can complement or replace traditional methods. The objective of this comprehensive narrative review is to evaluate the potential of MRI-monitored therapeutic hydrogel systems in non-surgical brain tumour treatment."
7633,brain tumour,38576799,Metastatic clear cell sarcoma of the pancreas: A rare case report.,"Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) is a rare soft-tissue sarcoma. The most common metastatic sites for CCS are the lungs, bones and brain. CCS is highly invasive and mainly metastasizes to the lung, followed by the bone and brain; however, pancreatic metastasis is relatively rare."
7634,brain tumour,38576595,High-dose methotrexate and zanubrutinib combination therapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma.,"In this editorial I comment on the article, published in the current issue of the "
7635,brain tumour,38576488,Efficacy and safety of ,
7636,brain tumour,38576381,NCAPD3 is a prognostic biomarker and is correlated with immune infiltrates in glioma.,"Non-SMC Condensin II Complex Subunit D3 (NCAPD3) has been linked with the genesis and progression of multiple human cancers. Nevertheless, the scientific value and molecular process of NCAPD3 in glioma remain unclear. We explored the level of NCAPD3 expression in pan-cancer by multiple online databases. And we focused on the level and prognostic value of NCAPD3 expression in glioma by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and survival analysis. Meanwhile, we verified the relationship between NCAPD3, biological function and immune infiltration in glioma by Linkedomics and SangerBox databases. The expression of NCAPD3 was increased in a variety of cancers, including glioma. Its high expression was strongly related to WHO grade ("
7637,brain tumour,38576291,Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in Limited-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.,"The role of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) has been questioned in the era of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of this study was to re-evaluate the efficacy of PCI in patients with LS-SCLC. Three electronic databases were searched, including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from January 2012 to April 2022. All relevant publications were included based on the inclusion criteria, and survival data and brain metastasis (BM) rates were extracted and pooled. Ten studies were selected which involved 532 patients who received PCI and 613 patients who did not receive PCI. In pooled estimates, PCI significantly improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61-0.82, p <0.001; HR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48-0.97, p = 0.03, respectively]. Additionally, the use of PCI was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of brain metastasis (BM, risk ratio = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.46-0.90, p = 0.009). In subgroup analyses. The authors found that the PCI effects on OS were independent of region and the use of brain imaging after initial treatment. These findings demonstrate that PCI improves OS and PFS while decreasing the risk of BM in patients with LS-SCLC, implying that PCI remains necessary even in the MRI era. Key Words: Prophylactic cranial irradiation, Small cell lung cancer, Magnetic resonance imaging, Brain metastasis."
7638,brain tumour,38576069,A Manganese-Based Nanodriver Coordinates Tumor Prevention and Suppression through STING Activation in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), the most prevalent and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor, exhibits profound immunosuppression and demonstrates a low response rate to current immunotherapy strategies. Manganese cations (Mn"
7639,brain tumour,38576043,GPR65 sensing tumor-derived lactate induces HMGB1 release from TAM via the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway to promote glioma progression.,"Lactate has emerged as a critical regulator within the tumor microenvironment, including glioma. However, the precise mechanisms underlying how lactate influences the communication between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), the most abundant immune cells in glioma, remain poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the impact of tumor-derived lactate on TAMs and investigate the regulatory pathways governing TAM-mediated tumor-promotion in glioma."
7640,brain tumour,38576030,EpiDiP/NanoDiP: a versatile unsupervised machine learning edge computing platform for epigenomic tumour diagnostics.,"DNA methylation analysis based on supervised machine learning algorithms with static reference data, allowing diagnostic tumour typing with unprecedented precision, has quickly become a new standard of care. Whereas genome-wide diagnostic methylation profiling is mostly performed on microarrays, an increasing number of institutions additionally employ nanopore sequencing as a faster alternative. In addition, methylation-specific parallel sequencing can generate methylation and genomic copy number data. Given these diverse approaches to methylation profiling, to date, there is no single tool that allows (1) classification and interpretation of microarray, nanopore and parallel sequencing data, (2) direct control of nanopore sequencers, and (3) the integration of microarray-based methylation reference data. Furthermore, no software capable of entirely running in routine diagnostic laboratory environments lacking high-performance computing and network infrastructure exists. To overcome these shortcomings, we present EpiDiP/NanoDiP as an open-source DNA methylation and copy number profiling suite, which has been benchmarked against an established supervised machine learning approach using in-house routine diagnostics data obtained between 2019 and 2021. Running locally on portable, cost- and energy-saving system-on-chip as well as gpGPU-augmented edge computing devices, NanoDiP works in offline mode, ensuring data privacy. It does not require the rigid training data annotation of supervised approaches. Furthermore, NanoDiP is the core of our public, free-of-charge EpiDiP web service which enables comparative methylation data analysis against an extensive reference data collection. We envision this versatile platform as a useful resource not only for neuropathologists and surgical pathologists but also for the tumour epigenetics research community. In daily diagnostic routine, analysis of native, unfixed biopsies by NanoDiP delivers molecular tumour classification in an intraoperative time frame."
7641,brain tumour,38575990,Impact of FAPI-46/dual-tracer PET/CT imaging on radiotherapeutic management in esophageal cancer.,"Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is expressed in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of various cancers. In our analysis, we describe the impact of dual-tracer imaging with Gallium-68-radiolabeled inhibitors of FAP (FAPI-46-PET/CT) and fluorodeoxy-D-glucose (FDG-PET/CT) on the radiotherapeutic management of primary esophageal cancer (EC)."
7642,brain tumour,38575503,Regulating Lars2 in mitochondria: A potential Alzheimer's therapy by inhibiting tau phosphorylation.,"Driven by the scarcity of effective treatment options in clinical settings, the present study aimed to identify a new potential target for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. We focused on Lars2, an enzyme synthesizing mitochondrial leucyl-tRNA, and its role in maintaining mitochondrial function. Bioinformatics analysis of human brain transcriptome data revealed downregulation of Lars2 in AD patients compared to healthy controls. During in vitro experiments, the knockdown of Lars2 in mouse neuroblastoma cells (neuro-2a cells) and primary cortical neurons led to morphological changes and decreased density in mouse hippocampal neurons. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we investigated how downregulated Lars2 expression could impede the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT) pathway, thereby mitigating AKT's inhibitory effect on glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β). This led to the activation of GSK3β, causing excessive phosphorylation of Tau protein and subsequent neuronal degeneration. During in vivo experiments, knockout of lars2 in hippocampal neurons confirmed cognitive impairment through the Barnes maze test, the novel object recognition test, and nest-building experiments. Additionally, immunofluorescence assays indicated an increase in p-tau, atrophy in the hippocampal region, and a decrease in neurons following Lars2 knockout. Taken together, our findings indicate that Lars2 represents a promising therapeutic target for AD."
7643,brain tumour,38575412,Label-free optical imaging for brain cancer assessment.,"Advances in label-free optical imaging offer a promising avenue for brain cancer assessment, providing high-resolution, real-time insights without the need for radiation or exogeneous agents. These cost-effective and intricately detailed techniques overcome the limitations inherent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET) scans by offering superior resolution and more readily accessible imaging options. This comprehensive review explores a variety of such methods, including photoacoustic imaging (PAI), optical coherence tomography (OCT), Raman imaging, and IR microscopy. It focuses on their roles in the detection, diagnosis, and management of brain tumors. By highlighting recent advances in these imaging techniques, the review aims to underscore the importance of label-free optical imaging in enhancing early detection and refining therapeutic strategies for brain cancer."
7644,brain tumour,38575346,Computational analysis of super-resolved in situ sequencing data reveals genes modified by immune-tumor contact events.,"Cancer cells can manipulate immune cells and escape from the immune system response. Quantifying the molecular changes that occur when an immune cell touches a tumor cell can increase our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Recently, it became possible to perform such measurements in situ-for example, using expansion sequencing, which enabled in situ sequencing of genes with super-resolution. We systematically examined whether individual immune cells from specific cell types express genes differently when in physical proximity to individual tumor cells. First, we demonstrated that a dense mapping of genes in situ can be used for the segmentation of cell bodies in 3D, thus improving our ability to detect likely touching cells. Next, we used three different computational approaches to detect the molecular changes that are triggered by proximity: differential expression analysis, tree-based machine learning classifiers, and matrix factorization analysis. This systematic analysis revealed tens of genes, in specific cell types, whose expression separates immune cells that are proximal to tumor cells from those that are not proximal, with a significant overlap between the different detection methods. Remarkably, an order of magnitude more genes are triggered by proximity to tumor cells in CD8 T cells compared to CD4 T cells, in line with the ability of CD8 T cells to directly bind major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on tumor cells. Thus, in situ sequencing of an individual biopsy can be used to detect genes likely involved in immune-tumor cell-cell interactions. The data used in this manuscript and the code of the InSituSeg, machine learning, cNMF, and Moran's "
7645,brain tumour,38575261,Headache in Brain Tumors.,"The prevalence of brain tumors in patients with headache is very low; however, 48% to 71% of patients with brain tumors experience headache. The clinical presentation of headache in brain tumors varies according to age; intracranial pressure; tumor location, type, and progression; headache history; and treatment. Brain tumor-associated headaches can be caused by local and distant traction on pain-sensitive cranial structures, mass effect caused by the enlarging tumor and cerebral edema, infarction, hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, and tumor secretion. This article reviews the current findings related to epidemiologic details, clinical manifestations, mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and management of headache in association with brain tumors."
7646,brain tumour,38575077,Nanomodulators targeting endothelial WNT and pericytes to reversibly open the blood-tumor barrier for boosted brain tumor therapy.,"The blood-brain barrier (BBB)/blood-tumor barrier (BTB) impedes brain entry of most brain-targeted drugs, whether they are water-soluble or hydrophobic. Endothelial WNT signaling and neoplastic pericytes maintain BTB low permeability by regulating tight junctions. Here, we proposed nitazoxanide (NTZ) and ibrutinib (IBR) co-loaded ICAM-1-targeting nanoparticles (NI@I-NPs) to disrupt the BTB in a time-dependent, reversible, and size-selective manner by targeting specific ICAM-1, inactivating WNT signaling and depleting pericytes in tumor-associated blood vessels in breast cancer brain metastases. At the optimal NTZ/IBR mass ratio (1:2), BTB opening reached the optimum effect at 48-72 h without any sign of intracranial edema and cognitive impairment. The combination of NI@I-NPs and chemotherapeutic drugs (doxorubicin and etoposide) extended the median survival of mice with breast cancer brain metastases. Targeting BTB endothelial WNT signaling and tumor pericytes via NI@I-NPs could open the BTB to improve chemotherapeutic efficiency against brain metastases."
7647,brain tumour,38575072,A blood-brain barrier- and blood-brain tumor barrier-penetrating siRNA delivery system targeting gliomas for brain tumor immunotherapy.,"Glioma is recognized as the most infiltrative and lethal form of central nervous system tumors and is known for its limited response to standard therapeutic interventions, high recurrence rate, and unfavorable prognosis. Recent progress in gene and immunotherapy presents a renewed sense of optimism in the treatment of glioblastoma. However, the barriers to overcome include the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB), as well as the suppressive immune microenvironment. Overcoming these barriers remains a significant challenge. Here, we developed a lipid nanoparticle platform incorporating a dual-functional peptide (cholesterol-DP7-ACP-T7-modified DOTAP or DAT-LNP) capable of targeting glioma across the BBB and BBTB for brain tumor immunotherapy. This system was designed to achieve two key functions. First, the system could effectively penetrate the BBB during accumulation within brain tissue following intravenous administration. Second, this system enhances the maturation of dendritic cells, the polarization of M1 macrophages, and the activation of cytotoxic CD8"
7648,brain tumour,38575062,Epidemiology and Anatomical Distribution of Primary Brain Tumors Among Children in Palestine: A 6-Year National Referral Institution Study.,To investigate the incidence rate of primary brain tumors (PBTs) among Palestinian children over a 6-year interval. This study also aimed to identify the predominant histopathologic types identified in these children.
7649,brain tumour,38575060,Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery for Intrasellar Mixed Germ Cell Tumors.,"A mixed germ cell tumor (MGCT) in the neurohypophysis is very rare, with only a few reported cases"
7650,brain tumour,38574891,Interplay of RAP2 GTPase and the cytoskeleton in Hippo pathway regulation.,"The Hippo signaling is instrumental in regulating organ size, regeneration, and carcinogenesis. The cytoskeleton emerges as a primary Hippo signaling modulator. Its structural alterations in response to environmental and intrinsic stimuli control Hippo signaling pathway activity. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the cytoskeleton regulation of Hippo signaling are not fully understood. RAP2 GTPase is known to mediate the mechanoresponses of Hippo signaling via activating the core Hippo kinases LATS1/2 through MAP4Ks and MST1/2. Here we show the pivotal role of the reciprocal regulation between RAP2 GTPase and the cytoskeleton in Hippo signaling. RAP2 deletion undermines the responses of the Hippo pathway to external cues tied to RhoA GTPase inhibition and actin cytoskeleton remodeling, such as energy stress and serum deprivation. Notably, RhoA inhibitors and actin disruptors fail to activate LATS1/2 effectively in RAP2-deficient cells. RNA sequencing highlighted differential regulation of both actin and microtubule networks by RAP2 gene deletion. Consistently, Taxol, a microtubule-stabilizing agent, was less effective in activating LATS1/2 and inhibiting cell growth in RAP2 and MAP4K4/6/7 knockout cells. In summary, our findings position RAP2 as a central integrator of cytoskeletal signals for Hippo signaling, which offers new avenues for understanding Hippo regulation and therapeutic interventions in Hippo-impaired cancers."
7651,brain tumour,38574865,Triptolide alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via regulating the Fractalkine/CX3CR1 signaling pathway.,To evaluate the potential efficacy of Triptolide (TP) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) and to uncover the underlying mechanism through which TP regulates CIRI.
7652,brain tumour,38574476,The Relationship between Neurobiological Function and Inflammation in Depressed Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review.,"Neurobiological dysfunction is associated with depression in children and adolescents. While research in adult depression suggests that inflammation may underlie the association between depression and brain alterations, it is unclear if altered levels of inflammatory markers provoke neurobiological dysfunction in early-onset depression. The aim of this scoping review was to provide an overview of existing literature investigating the potential interaction between neurobiological function and inflammation in depressed children and adolescents."
7653,brain tumour,38574419,Identifying the unmet needs of post-treatment colorectal cancer survivors: A critical literature review.,"Following treatment completion, colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors experience various unmet needs. This review aims to synthesize the unmet needs of CRC survivors after treatment and to identify demographic, disease or treatment-related, healthcare-related, and psychosocial factors correlated with unmet needs."
7654,brain tumour,26389426,Childhood Central Nervous System Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor Treatment (PDQ®): Health Professional Version,"This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the treatment of childhood central nervous system atypical teratoid and rhabdoid tumor. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians in the care of their patients. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions. This summary is reviewed regularly and updated as necessary by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board, which is editorially independent of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or the National Institutes of Health (NIH)."
7655,brain tumour,38574256,FDG PET/CT in the Diagnosis and After Sunitinib Follow-up of Synchronous Base of Tongue and Thyroid Metastases From Renal Cell Carcinoma.,"Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a leading cause of mortality among genitourinary malignancies with limited therapeutic options. The hematogenous route, lymphatic spread, and direct invasion have been documented in RCC. Usually, metastases are regional lymph nodes, lungs, bone, liver, adrenal glands, contralateral kidney, and brain. Metastases to the rare sites such as skin, breast, head and neck were documented in the literature. In the present case, we describe the synchronous metastases to the base of the tongue and thyroid gland in RCC and the response to sunitinib therapy on 18F-FDG PET/CT."
7656,brain tumour,38573707,The Neo-Open Reading Frame Peptides That Comprise the Tumor Framome Are a Rich Source of Neoantigens for Cancer Immunotherapy.,"Identification of immunogenic cancer neoantigens as targets for therapy is challenging. Here, we integrate the whole-genome and long-read transcript sequencing of cancers to identify the collection of neo-open reading frame peptides (NOP) expressed in tumors. We termed this collection of NOPs the tumor framome. NOPs represent tumor-specific peptides that are different from wild-type proteins and may be strongly immunogenic. We describe a class of hidden NOPs that derive from structural genomic variants involving an upstream protein coding gene driving expression and translation of noncoding regions of the genome downstream of a rearrangement breakpoint, i.e., where no gene annotation or evidence for transcription exists. The entire collection of NOPs represents a vast number of possible neoantigens particularly in tumors with many structural genomic variants and a low number of missense mutations. We show that NOPs are immunogenic and epitopes derived from NOPs can bind to MHC class I molecules. Finally, we provide evidence for the presence of memory T cells specific for hidden NOPs in peripheral blood from a patient with lung cancer. This work highlights NOPs as a major source of possible neoantigens for personalized cancer immunotherapy and provides a rationale for analyzing the complete cancer genome and transcriptome as a basis for the detection of NOPs."
7657,brain tumour,38573566,Robot-assisted biopsy sampling for online Raman spectroscopy cancer confirmation in the operating room.,"Cancer confirmation in the operating room (OR) is crucial to improve local control in cancer therapies. Histopathological analysis remains the gold standard, but there is a lack of real-time in situ cancer confirmation to support margin confirmation or remnant tissue. Raman spectroscopy (RS), as a label-free optical technique, has proven its power in cancer detection and, when integrated into a robotic assistance system, can positively impact the efficiency of procedures and the quality of life of patients, avoiding potential recurrence."
7658,brain tumour,38573490,An unexpected etiology of cerebrospinal fluid leak post-transsphenoidal surgery.,No abstract found
7659,brain tumour,38573439,Perioperative Neurocognitive Function in Glioma Surgery.,"This review provides a concise overview of the recent literature regarding preoperative and postoperative neurocognitive functioning (NCF) in patients with glioma. Brief discussion also covers contemporary intraoperative brain mapping work, with a focus on potential influence of mapping upon NCF outcomes following awake surgery."
7660,brain tumour,38573401,Fibrin glue mediated direct delivery of radiation sensitizers results in enhanced efficacy of radiation treatment.,"Radiation therapy (RT) plays an important role in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, inherent intrinsic resistance of tumors to radiation, coupled with the need to consider the tolerance of normal tissues and the potential effects on neurocognitive function, impose constraints on the amount of RT that can be safely delivered. A strategy for augmenting the effectiveness of RT involves the utilization of radiation sensitizers (RS). Directly implanting RS-loaded fibrin glue (FG) into the tumor resection cavity would by-pass the blood brain barrier, potentially enhancing the impact of RT on tumor recurrence. This study investigated the ability of FG to incorporate and release, in non-degraded form, the radiation sensitizers 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) and Motexafin gadolinium (MGd)."
7661,brain tumour,38573324,"Predictors of cognition after glioma surgery: connectotomy, structure-function phenotype, plasticity.","Determining preoperatively the maximal extent of resection that would preserve cognitive functions is the core challenge of brain tumour surgery. Over the past decade, the methodological framework to achieve this goal has been thoroughly renewed: the population-level topographically-focused voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping has been progressively overshadowed by machine learning (ML) algorithmics, in which the problem is framed as predicting cognitive outcomes in a patient-specific manner from a typically large set of variables. However, the choice of these predictors is of utmost importance, as they should be both informative and parsimonious. In this perspective, we first introduce the concept of connectotomy: instead of parameterizing resection topography through the status (intact/resected) of a huge number of voxels (or parcels) paving the whole brain in the Cartesian 3D-space, the connectotomy models the resection in the connectivity space, by computing a handful number of networks disconnection indices, measuring how the structural connectivity sustaining each network of interest was hit by the resection. This connectivity-informed reduction of dimensionality is a necessary step for efficiently implementing ML tools, given the relatively small number of patient-examples in available training datasets. We further argue that two other major sources of interindividual variability must be considered to improve the accuracy with which outcomes are predicted: the underlying structure-function phenotype and neuroplasticity, for which we provide an in-depth review and propose new ways of determining relevant predictors. We finally discuss the benefits of our approach for precision surgery of glioma."
7662,brain tumour,38573208,Special populations in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.,"This review focuses on special populations poorly represented in current evidence-based practice for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). This includes the elderly and frail, patients on immunosuppression or with autoimmune diseases, patients with brain, liver, and/or bone metastases, and RCC with sarcomatoid features."
7663,brain tumour,38573206,Current outstanding challenges in germ cell tumors.,"Despite the remarkable advances in the treatment of germ cell tumors (GCT), several challenges remain. This review aims to highlight some of these challenges and provide guidance on how to navigate through them."
7664,brain tumour,38573059,Update on Cancer Predisposition Syndromes and Surveillance Guidelines for Childhood Brain Tumors.,"Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) comprise the second most common group of neoplasms in childhood. The incidence of germline predisposition among children with brain tumors continues to grow as our knowledge on disease etiology increases. Some children with brain tumors may present with nonmalignant phenotypic features of specific syndromes (e.g., nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1 and type 2, DICER1 syndrome, and constitutional mismatch-repair deficiency), while others may present with a strong family history of cancer (e.g., Li-Fraumeni syndrome) or with a rare tumor commonly found in the context of germline predisposition (e.g., rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome). Approximately 50% of patients with a brain tumor may be the first in a family identified to have a predisposition. The past decade has witnessed a rapid expansion in our molecular understanding of CNS tumors. A significant proportion of CNS tumors are now well characterized and known to harbor specific genetic changes that can be found in the germline. Additional novel predisposition syndromes are also being described. Identification of these germline syndromes in individual patients has not only enabled cascade testing of family members and early tumor surveillance but also increasingly affected cancer management in those patients. Therefore, the AACR Cancer Predisposition Working Group chose to highlight these advances in CNS tumor predisposition and summarize and/or generate surveillance recommendations for established and more recently emerging pediatric brain tumor predisposition syndromes."
7665,brain tumour,38573000,Very Long-term Survivorship in Pediatric DIPG: Case Report and Review of the Literature.,Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas are lethal tumors with a prognosis generally less than 1 year. Few cases of survivors of 5 years or more have been reported. This case report highlights the journey of a 9.5-year survivor who underwent 3 rounds of focal radiotherapy; she experienced 6 years of progression-free survival following the first round but ultimately succumbed to her disease. An autopsy revealed a favorable IDH1 mutation and the absence of H3K27M. This case reiterates the importance of extensive molecular analyses in diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas and explores the potential benefit of re-irradiation in patients with positive responses and long periods of remission.
7666,brain tumour,38572975,"Hericium VN, an undescribed compound isolated from ",
7667,brain tumour,38572480,"A study on the correlations of PRL levels with anxiety, depression, sleep, and self-efficacy in patients with prolactinoma.","The purpose of this study was to explore the factors influencing PRL levels in patients with prolactinoma and to investigate the correlations between anxiety, depression, sleep, self-efficacy, and PRL levels."
7668,brain tumour,38572155,A poor prognostic male choriocarcinoma with multiple systemic metastases: a case report and the literature review.,"Non-gestational choriocarcinoma, also known as primary choriocarcinoma, is extremely rare in men, manifesting with specific signs such as breast feminization, testicular atrophy, and loss of libido. The presentation typically includes elevated serum β-hCG levels, widespread metastatic disease, and a rapid progression of the condition."
7669,brain tumour,38571886,"Meningioma: current updates on genetics, classification, and mouse modeling.","Meningiomas, the most common primary brain tumors in adults, are often benign and curable by surgical resection. However, a subset is of higher grade, shows aggressive growth behavior as well as brain invasion, and often recurs even after several rounds of surgery. Increasing evidence suggests that tumor classification and grading primarily based on histopathology do not always accurately predict tumor aggressiveness and recurrence behavior. The underlying biology of aggressive treatment-resistant meningiomas and the impact of specific genetic aberrations present in these high-grade tumors is still only insufficiently understood. Therefore, an in-depth research into the biology of this tumor type is warranted. More recent studies based on large-scale molecular data such as whole exome/genome sequencing, DNA methylation sequencing, and RNA sequencing have provided new insights into the biology of meningiomas and have revealed new risk factors and prognostic subtypes. The most common genetic aberration in meningiomas is functional loss of NF2 and occurs in both low- and high-grade meningiomas, whereas NF2-wildtype meningiomas are enriched for recurrent mutations in TRAF7, KLF4, AKT1, PI3KCA, and SMO and are more frequently benign. Most meningioma mouse models are based on patient-derived xenografts and only recently have new genetically engineered mouse models of meningioma been developed that will aid in the systematic evaluation of specific mutations found in meningioma and their impact on tumor behavior. In this article, we review recent advances in the understanding of meningioma biology and classification and highlight the most common genetic mutations, as well as discuss new genetically engineered mouse models of meningioma."
7670,brain tumour,38571871,Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor Presenting as an Intra/Extracranial Mass.,"Desmoplastic small round cell tumors (DSRCTs) are highly malignant tumors, with distinct reciprocal chromosome translocation (11;22)(p13;q12). Intracranial metastasis is a very rare complication of this tumor, with only a few cases reported in the literature. To our knowledge, this is the only case presenting an extracranial extension of intracranial metastasis of DSRCT. A 33-year-old man was diagnosed with DSRCT in the pelvic cavity. He presented with a scalp lump and right-sided weakness. A biopsy showed metastasis from DSRCT. Metastatic DSRCT to the brain is extremely rare. Surgical resection followed by adjuvant treatment, including chemotherapy and radiation, is indicated as it has a poor prognosis. Moreover, aggressive treatment is warranted to prevent progression and relapse."
7671,brain tumour,38571508,Tumor treating fields in glioblastoma: long-term treatment and high compliance as favorable prognostic factors.,"Tumor treating fields (TTFields) have earned substantial attention in recent years as a novel therapeutic approach with the potential to improve the prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) patients. However, the impact of TTFields remains a subject of ongoing debate. This study aimed to offer real-world evidence on TTFields therapy for GBM, and to investigate the clinical determinants affecting its efficacy."
7672,brain tumour,38571468,Tumefactive Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis: Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings With Histological Correlation.,"Primary central nervous system vasculitis (PCNSV) is a rare inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system. In some cases, it presents with large, solitary lesion with extensive mass effect that mimic intracranial neoplasms. This condition results in a diagnostic confusion for neuroradiologists because the differentiation is almost impossible on conventional MRI sequences. The aim of this study is to reveal the significance of dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion-weighted imaging in differentiating of tumefactive PCNSV (t-PCNSV) lesions from intracranial neoplasms such as glio-blastomas and metastasis."
7673,brain tumour,38571430,Next Directions in the Neuroscience of Cancers Arising outside the CNS.,"The field of cancer neuroscience has begun to define the contributions of nerves to cancer initiation and progression; here, we highlight the future directions of basic and translational cancer neuroscience for malignancies arising outside of the central nervous system."
7674,brain tumour,38571421,The Virtual Child.,"We are building the world's first Virtual Child-a computer model of normal and cancerous human development at the level of each individual cell. The Virtual Child will ""develop cancer"" that we will subject to unlimited virtual clinical trials that pinpoint, predict, and prioritize potential new treatments, bringing forward the day when no child dies of cancer, giving each one the opportunity to lead a full and healthy life."
7675,brain tumour,38571415,Glioblastoma: Not Just Another Cancer.,"This commentary urges a paradigm shift in how we approach research and drug development for glioblastoma, reimagining it as an aberrant brain-like organ, distinct from other cancers, to inspire innovative treatment strategies and interdisciplinary collaboration, addressing the minimal progress in extending glioblastoma patient survival despite years of research and investment."
7676,brain tumour,38571355,Survival of Patients with Primary Brain Tumor: A Data Analysis of 10 Years.,"The prognosis for primary brain tumors, like other CNS tumors, can vary greatly based on several factors, such as treatment history, age and gender at diagnosis, ethnic background, and treatment plan."
7677,brain tumour,38570918,Survival Outcome and Optimal Candidates of Primary Tumor Resection for Patients With Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Cancer.,"Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) often exhibits aggressive growth with distant organ metastasis, leading to poor survival."
7678,brain tumour,38570868,Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ameliorates cognitive deficits in mice with radiation-induced brain injury by attenuating microglial pyroptosis and promoting neurogenesis via BDNF pathway.,"Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is a common and severe complication during radiotherapy for head and neck tumor. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a novel and non-invasive method of brain stimulation, which has been applied in various neurological diseases. rTMS has been proved to be effective for treatment of RIBI, while its mechanisms have not been well understood."
7679,brain tumour,38570866,Mesothelin promotes brain metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer by activating MET.,"Brain metastasis (BM) is common among cases of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is the leading cause of death for these patients. Mesothelin (MSLN), a tumor-associated antigen expressed in many solid tumors, has been reported to be involved in the progression of multiple tumors. However, its potential involvement in BM of NSCLC and the underlying mechanism remain unknown."
7680,brain tumour,38570823,Status epilepticus in patients with brain tumors and metastases: A multicenter cohort study of 208 patients and literature review.,"Brain tumors and metastases account for approximately 10% of all status epilepticus (SE) cases. This study described the clinical characteristics, treatment, and short- and long-term outcomes of this population."
7681,brain tumour,38570542,Vagus nerve signal has an inhibitory influence on the development of peritoneal metastasis in murine gastric cancer.,"The vagus nerve is the only pathway for transmitting parasympathetic signals between the brain and thoracoabdominal organs, thereby exhibiting anti-inflammatory functions through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Despite often being resected during lymph node dissection in upper gastrointestinal cancer surgery, the impact of vagotomy on postoperative outcomes in gastric cancer patients remains unclear. Sub-diaphragmatic vagotomy was performed on C57BL/6 mice. Three weeks later, syngeneic murine gastric cancer cell line YTN16P was injected into the peritoneal cavity, and the number of peritoneal metastases (PM) on the mesentery and omentum compared with control mice. The phenotypes of immune cells in peritoneal lavage and omental milky spots one day after tumor inoculation were analyzed using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Intraperitoneal transfer of 3 × 10"
7682,brain tumour,38570528,Mesenchymal glioma stem cells trigger vasectasia-distinct neovascularization process stimulated by extracellular vesicles carrying EGFR.,"Targeting neovascularization in glioblastoma (GBM) is hampered by poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms and unclear linkages to tumour molecular landscapes. Here we report that different molecular subtypes of human glioma stem cells (GSC) trigger distinct endothelial responses involving either angiogenic or circumferential vascular growth (vasectasia). The latter process is selectively triggered by mesenchymal (but not proneural) GSCs and is mediated by a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) able to transfer EGFR/EGFRvIII transcript to endothelial cells. Inhibition of the expression and phosphorylation of EGFR in endothelial cells, either pharmacologically (Dacomitinib) or genetically (gene editing), abolishes their EV responses in vitro and disrupts vasectasia in vivo. Therapeutic inhibition of EGFR markedly extends anticancer effects of VEGF blockade in mice, coupled with abrogation of vasectasia and prolonged survival. Thus, vasectasia driven by intercellular transfer of oncogenic EGFR may represent a new therapeutic target in a subset of GBMs."
7683,brain tumour,38570506,Loss of CREBBP and KMT2D cooperate to accelerate lymphomagenesis and shape the lymphoma immune microenvironment.,"Despite regulating overlapping gene enhancers and pathways, CREBBP and KMT2D mutations recurrently co-occur in germinal center (GC) B cell-derived lymphomas, suggesting potential oncogenic cooperation. Herein, we report that combined haploinsufficiency of Crebbp and Kmt2d induces a more severe mouse lymphoma phenotype (vs either allele alone) and unexpectedly confers an immune evasive microenvironment manifesting as CD8"
7684,brain tumour,38570102,TNFR1/p38αMAPK signaling in Nex + supraspinal neurons regulates estrogen-dependent chronic neuropathic pain.,"Upregulation of soluble tumor necrosis factor (sTNF) cytokine signaling through TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and subsequent neuronal hyperexcitability are observed in both animal models and human chronic neuropathic pain (CNP). Previously, we have shown that estrogen modulates sTNF/TNFR1 signaling in CNP, which may contribute to female prevalence of CNP. The estrogen-dependent role of TNFR1-mediated supraspinal neuronal circuitry in CNP remains unknown. In this study, we interrogated the intersect between supraspinal TNFR1 mediated neuronal signaling and sex specificity by selectively removing TNFR1 in Nex + neurons in adult mice (NexCre"
7685,brain tumour,38570091,Brain Metastasis of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer After Disease-Free Survival of 5 years: Case Series and Comprehensive Literature Review.,"In the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a disease-free survival of 5 years is a criterion for cure. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with brain metastases of NSCLC after a disease-free survival of 5 years (late recurrent brain metastasis [LRBM])."
7686,brain tumour,38570077,Concurrent brain structural and functional alterations in the thalamus of adult survivors of childhood brain tumors: a multimodal MRI study.,"Adult survivors of childhood brain tumors often present with cognitive deficits that affect their quality of life. Studying brain structure and function in brain tumor survivors can help understand the underlying mechanisms of their cognitive deficits to improve long-term prognosis of these patients. This study analyzed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) derived from T1-weighted MRI and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to examine the structural and functional alterations in 35 brain tumor survivors using 35 matching healthy individuals as controls. Compared with healthy controls, brain tumor survivors had decreased gray matter volumes (GMV) in the thalamus and increased GMV in the superior frontal gyrus. Functionally, brain tumor survivors had lower ALFF values in the inferior temporal gyrus and medial prefrontal area and higher ALFF values in the thalamus. Importantly, we found concurrent but negatively correlated structural and functional alterations in the thalamus based on observed significant differences in GMV and ALFF values. These findings on concurrent brain structural and functional alterations provide new insights towards a better understanding of the cognitive deficits in brain tumor survivors."
7687,brain tumour,38569910,Autoimmune Encephalitis in a Patient with a Solitary Intracranial Plasmacytoma.,"A 65-year-old woman presented with fever and abnormal behavior. Magnetic resonance imaging showed swelling of the left medial temporal lobe and an intracranial extra-axial occipital tumor. While her neurological symptoms improved after the administration of corticosteroid therapy under the suspicion of autoimmune encephalitis, the occipital tumor unexpectedly shrank, and the diagnosis of a solitary plasmacytoma was confirmed by biopsy. Additional examinations revealed elevated anti-glutamate receptor antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid. The patient was diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis concurrent with an intracranial solitary plasmacytoma. Central nervous system involvement can be considered a neurological complication in patients with a solitary plasmacytoma."
7688,brain tumour,38569908,A Cerebral Embolism Caused by a Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 1.,"A 31-year-old man with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) had undergone resection of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) on the buttock 3 months previously. He subsequently underwent mechanical thrombectomy for a hyperacute left middle cerebral artery embolism. Histopathologically, the emboli comprised neurofilament-positive pleomorphic tumor cells with geographic necrosis and conspicuous mitosis and were identified as MPNST. The patient died of respiratory failure due to lung MPNST metastasis on day 15 of hospitalization. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a spontaneous cerebral embolism due to MPNST in an NF-1 patient."
7689,brain tumour,38569452,PSMC2 promotes glioma progression by regulating immune microenvironment and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.,"Glioma, the most frequent and malignant central nervous system (CNS) cancer, has a bad outcome. Proteasome 26S subunit ATPase 2 (PSMC2) is an essential part of the 26S proteasome and promotes the development of several tumors. However, the pathway and function of PSMC2 in glioma have not been unelucidated."
7690,brain tumour,38569257,Noninvasive- and invasive mapping reveals similar language network centralities - A function-based connectome analysis.,"Former comparisons between direct cortical stimulation (DCS) and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) only focused on cortical mapping. While both can be combined with diffusion tensor imaging, their differences in the visualization of subcortical and even network levels remain unclear. Network centrality is an essential parameter in network analysis to measure the importance of nodes identified by mapping. Those include Degree centrality, Eigenvector centrality, Closeness centrality, Betweenness centrality, and PageRank centrality. While DCS and nTMS have repeatedly been compared on the cortical level, the underlying network identified by both has not been investigated yet."
7691,brain tumour,38569250,Advances in heart failure monitoring: Biosensors targeting molecular markers in peripheral bio-fluids.,"Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), especially chronic heart failure, threaten many patients' lives worldwide. Because of its slow course and complex causes, its clinical screening, diagnosis, and prognosis are essential challenges. Clinical biomarkers and biosensor technologies can rapidly screen and diagnose. Multiple types of biomarkers are employed for screening purposes, precise diagnosis, and treatment follow-up. This article provides an up-to-date overview of the biomarkers associated with the six main heart failure etiology pathways. Plasma natriuretic peptides (BNP and NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponins (cTnT, cTnl) are still analyzed as gold-standard markers for heart failure. Other complementary biomarkers include growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), circulating Galactose Lectin 3 (Gal-3), soluble interleukin (sST2), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). For these biomarkers, the electrochemical biosensors have exhibited sufficient sensitivity, detection limit, and specificity. This review systematically summarizes the latest molecular biomarkers and sensors for heart failure, which will provide comprehensive and cutting-edge authoritative scientific information for biomedical and electronic-sensing researchers in the field of heart failure, as well as patients. In addition, our proposed future outlook may provide new research ideas for researchers."
7692,brain tumour,38569236,Robust deep learning from incomplete annotation for accurate lung nodule detection.,"Deep learning plays a significant role in the detection of pulmonary nodules in low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scans, contributing to the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Nevertheless, its effectiveness often relies on the availability of extensive, meticulously annotated dataset. In this paper, we explore the utilization of an incompletely annotated dataset for pulmonary nodules detection and introduce the FULFIL (Forecasting Uncompleted Labels For Inexpensive Lung nodule detection) algorithm as an innovative approach. By instructing annotators to label only the nodules they are most confident about, without requiring complete coverage, we can substantially reduce annotation costs. Nevertheless, this approach results in an incompletely annotated dataset, which presents challenges when training deep learning models. Within the FULFIL algorithm, we employ Graph Convolution Network (GCN) to discover the relationships between annotated and unannotated nodules for self-adaptively completing the annotation. Meanwhile, a teacher-student framework is employed for self-adaptive learning using the completed annotation dataset. Furthermore, we have designed a Dual-Views loss to leverage different data perspectives, aiding the model in acquiring robust features and enhancing generalization. We carried out experiments using the LUng Nodule Analysis (LUNA) dataset, achieving a sensitivity of 0.574 at a False positives per scan (FPs/scan) of 0.125 with only 10% instance-level annotations for nodules. This performance outperformed comparative methods by 7.00%. Experimental comparisons were conducted to evaluate the performance of our model and human experts on test dataset. The results demonstrate that our model can achieve a comparable level of performance to that of human experts. The comprehensive experimental results demonstrate that FULFIL can effectively leverage an incomplete pulmonary nodule dataset to develop a robust deep learning model, making it a promising tool for assisting in lung nodule detection."
7693,brain tumour,38569065,Efficient Delivery of Lomitapide using Hybrid Membrane-Coated Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructures for Glioblastoma Therapy.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and prevalent primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Traditional chemotherapy has poor therapeutic effects and significant side effects due to drug resistance, the natural blood-brain barrier (BBB), and nonspecific distribution, leading to a lack of clinically effective therapeutic drugs. Here, 1430 small molecule compounds are screened based on a high-throughput drug screening platform and a novel anti-GBM drug, lomitapide (LMP) is obtained. Furthermore, a bionic nanodrug delivery system (RFA NPs) actively targeting GBM is constructed, which mainly consists of tetrahedral DNA nanocages (tFNA NPs) loaded with LMP as the core and a folate-modified erythrocyte-cancer cell-macrophage hybrid membrane (FRUR) as the shell. FRUR camouflage conferred unique features on tFNA NPs, including excellent biocompatibility, improved pharmacokinetic profile, efficient BBB permeability, and tumor targeting ability. The results show that the LMP RFA NPs exhibited superior and specific anti-GBM activities, reduced off-target drug delivery, prolonged lifespan, and has negligible side effects in tumor-bearing mice. This study combines high-throughput drug screening with biomimetic nanodrug delivery system technology to provide a theoretical and practical basis for drug development and the optimization of clinical treatment strategies for GBM treatment."
7694,brain tumour,38569013,Assessing the sensitivity and suitability of a range of detectors for SIMT PSQA.,Single-isocenter multi-target intracranial stereotactic radiotherapy (SIMT) is an effective treatment for brain metastases with complex treatment plans and delivery optimization necessitating rigorous quality assurance. This work aims to assess five methods for quality assurance of SIMT treatment plans in terms of their suitability and sensitivity to delivery errors.
7695,brain tumour,38568780,Stressing the Role of CCL3 in Reversing the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Gliomas.,"Patients with gliomas often experience mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety, that lead to worsening tumor progression and shortened survival. In this issue, Wang and colleagues report a novel mechanism underlying this, finding that chronic stress reduces secretion of the chemokine CCL3, which leads to an immunosuppressive glioma microenvironment. CCL3 administration enhances the infiltration of antitumor immune cells, providing rationale for a potential new therapeutic approach. See related article by Wang et al., p. 516 (4)."
7696,brain tumour,38568692,Tucatinib Combination Treatment After Trastuzumab-Deruxtecan in Patients With ERBB2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer.,Little is known regarding the outcomes associated with tucatinib combined with trastuzumab and capecitabine (TTC) after trastuzumab-deruxtecan exposure among patients with ERBB2 (previously HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC).
7697,brain tumour,38568418,Synthesis of Novel Plant-Derived Encapsulated Radiolabeled Compounds for the Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease and the Evaluation of Biological Effects with In Vitro/In Vivo Methods.,"Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of individuals globally. It is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNc) and striatum. Neuroimaging techniques such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) help diagnosing PD. In this study, the focus was on developing technetium-99 m (["
7698,brain tumour,38568412,Machine learning-driven prediction of brain metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma using miRNA profile and target gene pathway analysis of an mRNA dataset.,"Brain metastasis (BM) is common in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and has a poor prognosis, necessitating predictive biomarkers. MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) promote cancer cell growth, infiltration, and metastasis. However, the relationship between the miRNA expression profiles and BM occurrence in patients with LUAD remains unclear."
7699,brain tumour,38568377,Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging in glioma surgery: a single-center experience.,"To investigate the effect of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (Io MRI) on overall and progression-free survival (OS and PFS), on the extent of resection (EOR) in patients with glioma, and impact of the radiological diagnosis on the decision to continue the surgery when a residual mass was detected on Io MRI."
7700,brain tumour,38567722,Designing a deep hybridized residual and SE model for MRI image-based brain tumor prediction.,"Deep learning techniques have become crucial in the detection of brain tumors but classifying numerous images is time-consuming and error-prone, impacting timely diagnosis. This can hinder the effectiveness of these techniques in detecting brain tumors in a timely manner. To address this limitation, this study introduces a novel brain tumor detection system. The main objective is to overcome the challenges associated with acquiring a large and well-classified dataset. The proposed approach involves generating synthetic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images that mimic the patterns commonly found in brain MRI images. The system utilizes a dataset consisting of small images that are unbalanced in terms of class distribution. To enhance the accuracy of tumor detection, two deep learning models are employed. Using a hybrid ResNet+SE model, we capture feature distributions within unbalanced classes, creating a more balanced dataset. The second model, a tailored classifier identifies brain tumors in MRI images. The proposed method has shown promising results, achieving a high detection accuracy of 98.79%. This highlights the potential of the model as an efficient and cost-effective system for brain tumor detection."
7701,brain tumour,38567664,The Alcatraz-Strategy: a roadmap to break the connectivity barrier in malignant brain tumours.,"In recent years, the discovery of functional and communicative cellular tumour networks has led to a new understanding of malignant primary brain tumours. In this review, the authors shed light on the diverse nature of cell-to-cell connections in brain tumours and propose an innovative treatment approach to address the detrimental connectivity of these networks. The proposed therapeutic outlook revolves around three main strategies: (a) supramarginal resection removing a substantial portion of the communicating tumour cell front far beyond the gadolinium-enhancing tumour mass, (b) morphological isolation at the single cell level disrupting structural cell-to-cell contacts facilitated by elongated cellular membrane protrusions known as tumour microtubes (TMs), and (c) functional isolation at the single cell level blocking TM-mediated intercellular cytosolic exchange and inhibiting neuronal excitatory input into the malignant network. We draw an analogy between the proposed therapeutic outlook and the Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary, where inmates faced an impassable sea barrier and experienced both spatial and functional isolation within individual cells. Based on current translational efforts and ongoing clinical trials, we propose the Alcatraz-Strategy as a promising framework to tackle the harmful effects of cellular brain tumour networks."
7702,brain tumour,38567475,Prognostic value of preoperative diffusion restriction in glioblastoma.,"Although glioblastoma (GBM) has a very poor prognosis, overall survival (OS) in treated patients shows great difference varying from few days to several months. Identifying factors explaining this difference would improve management of patient treatment."
7703,brain tumour,38567448,"Circulating extracellular vesicles as biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring in glioblastoma patients.","Extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained by noninvasive liquid biopsy from patient blood can serve as biomarkers. Here, we investigated the potential of circulating plasma EVs to serve as an indicator in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response of glioblastoma patients."
7704,brain tumour,38567168,Capecitabine-Related Fourth Nerve Palsy: A Case Report.,"Capecitabine has rarely been associated with neurotoxicity. Cerebellar ataxia, multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy have been reported in the literature. A case of 6th nerve palsy associated with capecitabine has also been described. This article reports the first case of capecitabine-related 4th nerve palsy."
7705,brain tumour,38567156,Nomogram model of survival prediction for nasopharyngeal carcinoma with lung metastasis: developed from the SEER database and validated externally.,"Distant metastasis occurs in some patients at the first diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the prognosis is poor, and there are significant individual differences. This study established a nomogram model of lung metastasis of NPC as a supplement to TNM staging."
7706,brain tumour,38567144,Cost of Treatment for Brain Metastases Using Data From a National Health Insurance.,"In the United States, brain metastases (BMs) affect 10% to 20% of patients with cancer, presenting a significant health care challenge and necessitating intricate, high-cost treatments. Few studies have explored the comprehensive care cost for BMs, and none have used real insurance claims data. Partnering with a northeastern health care insurer, we investigated the true costs of various brain-directed radiation methods, aiming to shed light on treatment expenses, modalities, and their efficacy."
7707,brain tumour,38567052,Immunotherapy in the context of immune-specialized environment of brain metastases.,"Brain metastases (BrM) develop in 20-40% of patients with advanced cancer. They mainly originate from lung cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, and renal cell carcinoma, and are associated with a poor prognosis. While patients with BrM traditionally lack effective treatment options, immunotherapy is increasingly gaining in importance in this group of patients, with clinical trials in the past decade demonstrating the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint blockade in BrM originating from specific tumor types, foremost melanoma. The brain is an immune-specialized environment with several unique molecular, cellular, and anatomical features that affect immune responses, including those against tumors. In this review we discuss the potential role that some of these unique characteristics may play in the efficacy of immunotherapy, mainly focusing on the lymphatic drainage in the brain and the role of systemic anti-tumor immunity that develops due to the presence of concurrent extracranial disease in addition to BrM."
7708,brain tumour,38566942,Picture naming test through the prism of cognitive neuroscience and linguistics: adapting the test for cerebellar tumor survivors-or pouring new wine in old sacks?,"A picture naming test (PNT) has long been regarded as an integral part of neuropsychological assessment. In current research and clinical practice, it serves a variety of purposes. PNTs are used to assess the severity of speech impairment in aphasia, monitor possible cognitive decline in aging patients with or without age-related neurodegenerative disorders, track language development in children and map eloquent brain areas to be spared during surgery. In research settings, picture naming tests provide an insight into the process of lexical retrieval in monolingual and bilingual speakers. However, while numerous advances have occurred in linguistics and neuroscience since the classic, most widespread PNTs were developed, few of them have found their way into test design. Consequently, despite the popularity of PNTs in clinical and research practice, their relevance and objectivity remain questionable. The present study provides an overview of literature where relevant criticisms and concerns have been expressed over the recent decades. It aims to determine whether there is a significant gap between conventional test design and the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying lexical retrieval by focusing on the parameters that have been experimentally proven to influence picture naming. We discuss here the implications of these findings for improving and facilitating test design within the picture naming paradigm. Subsequently, we highlight the importance of designing specialized tests with a particular target group in mind, so that test variables could be selected for cerebellar tumor survivors."
7709,brain tumour,38566776,Rapid ,"While the detection of single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) is important for evaluating human health and disease, most genotyping methods require a nucleic acid extraction step and lengthy analytical times. Here, we present a protocol which utilizes the integration of locked nucleic acids (LNAs) into self-annealing loop primers for the allelic discrimination of five isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 R132 ("
7710,brain tumour,38566430,Discovering genetic biomarkers for targeted cancer therapeutics with eXplainable Artificial Intelligence.,No abstract found
7711,brain tumour,38566128,Glioblastoma-instructed microglia transition to heterogeneous phenotypic states with phagocytic and dendritic cell-like features in patient tumors and patient-derived orthotopic xenografts.,"A major contributing factor to glioblastoma (GBM) development and progression is its ability to evade the immune system by creating an immune-suppressive environment, where GBM-associated myeloid cells, including resident microglia and peripheral monocyte-derived macrophages, play critical pro-tumoral roles. However, it is unclear whether recruited myeloid cells are phenotypically and functionally identical in GBM patients and whether this heterogeneity is recapitulated in patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOXs). A thorough understanding of the GBM ecosystem and its recapitulation in preclinical models is currently missing, leading to inaccurate results and failures of clinical trials."
7712,brain tumour,38566120,Tumor associated microglia/macrophages utilize GPNMB to promote tumor growth and alter immune cell infiltration in glioma.,"Tumor-associated microglia and blood-derived macrophages (TAMs) play a central role in modulating the immune suppressive microenvironment in glioma. Here, we show that GPNMB is predominantly expressed by TAMs in human glioblastoma multiforme and the murine RCAS-PDGFb high grade glioma model. Loss of GPNMB in the in vivo tumor microenvironment results in significantly smaller tumor volumes and generates a pro-inflammatory innate and adaptive immune cell microenvironment. The impact of host-derived GPNMB on tumor growth was confirmed in two distinct murine glioma cell lines in organotypic brain slices from GPNMB-KO and control mice. Using published data bases of human glioma, the elevated levels in TAMs could be confirmed and the GPNMB expression correlated with a poorer survival."
7713,brain tumour,38566075,Immune cell infiltration and drug response in glioblastoma multiforme: insights from oxidative stress-related genes.,"GBM, also known as glioblastoma multiforme, is the most prevalent and lethal type of brain cancer. The cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and treatment of gliomas are significantly influenced by oxidative stress. Nevertheless, the connection between ORGs and GBM remains poorly comprehended. The objective of this research is to investigate the predictive significance of ORGs in GBM and their potential as targets for therapy."
7714,brain tumour,38565973,The covariance environment defines cellular niches for spatial inference.,"A key challenge of analyzing data from high-resolution spatial profiling technologies is to suitably represent the features of cellular neighborhoods or niches. Here we introduce the covariance environment (COVET), a representation that leverages the gene-gene covariate structure across cells in the niche to capture the multivariate nature of cellular interactions within it. We define a principled optimal transport-based distance metric between COVET niches that scales to millions of cells. Using COVET to encode spatial context, we developed environmental variational inference (ENVI), a conditional variational autoencoder that jointly embeds spatial and single-cell RNA sequencing data into a latent space. ENVI includes two decoders: one to impute gene expression across the spatial modality and a second to project spatial information onto single-cell data. ENVI can confer spatial context to genomics data from single dissociated cells and outperforms alternatives for imputing gene expression on diverse spatial datasets."
7715,brain tumour,38565921,Threonine fuels brain tumor growth through a conserved tRNA modification.,No abstract found
7716,brain tumour,38565862,Hepatic extracellular ATP/adenosine dynamics in zebrafish models of alcoholic and metabolic steatotic liver disease.,"Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is a burgeoning health problem predominantly associated with excessive alcohol consumption, which causes alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), and high caloric intake, which results in metabolic dysfunction-associated SLD (MASLD). The pathogenesis of ALD and MASLD, which can progress from steatohepatitis to more severe conditions such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, is complicated by several factors. Recently, extracellular ATP and adenosine (Ado), as damage-associated molecular patterns, were reported to promote inflammation and liver fibrosis, contributing to SLD pathogenesis. Here, we explored the in vivo dynamics of hepatic extracellular ATP and Ado during the progression of steatohepatitis using a genetically encoded GPCR-activation-based sensor (GRAB) in zebrafish models. We established hepatocyte-specific GRAB"
7717,brain tumour,38565728,End-to-End Multi-task Learning Architecture for Brain Tumor Analysis with Uncertainty Estimation in MRI Images.,"Brain tumors are a threat to life for every other human being, be it adults or children. Gliomas are one of the deadliest brain tumors with an extremely difficult diagnosis. The reason is their complex and heterogenous structure which gives rise to subjective as well as objective errors. Their manual segmentation is a laborious task due to their complex structure and irregular appearance. To cater to all these issues, a lot of research has been done and is going on to develop AI-based solutions that can help doctors and radiologists in the effective diagnosis of gliomas with the least subjective and objective errors, but an end-to-end system is still missing. An all-in-one framework has been proposed in this research. The developed end-to-end multi-task learning (MTL) architecture with a feature attention module can classify, segment, and predict the overall survival of gliomas by leveraging task relationships between similar tasks. Uncertainty estimation has also been incorporated into the framework to enhance the confidence level of healthcare practitioners. Extensive experimentation was performed by using combinations of MRI sequences. Brain tumor segmentation (BraTS) challenge datasets of 2019 and 2020 were used for experimental purposes. Results of the best model with four sequences show 95.1% accuracy for classification, 86.3% dice score for segmentation, and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 456.59 for survival prediction on the test data. It is evident from the results that deep learning-based MTL models have the potential to automate the whole brain tumor analysis process and give efficient results with least inference time without human intervention. Uncertainty quantification confirms the idea that more data can improve the generalization ability and in turn can produce more accurate results with less uncertainty. The proposed model has the potential to be utilized in a clinical setup for the initial screening of glioma patients."
7718,brain tumour,38565531,Pianno: a probabilistic framework automating semantic annotation for spatial transcriptomics.,"Spatial transcriptomics has revolutionized the study of gene expression within tissues, while preserving spatial context. However, annotating spatial spots' biological identity remains a challenge. To tackle this, we introduce Pianno, a Bayesian framework automating structural semantics annotation based on marker genes. Comprehensive evaluations underscore Pianno's remarkable prowess in precisely annotating a wide array of spatial semantics, ranging from diverse anatomical structures to intricate tumor microenvironments, as well as in estimating cell type distributions, across data generated from various spatial transcriptomics platforms. Furthermore, Pianno, in conjunction with clustering approaches, uncovers a region- and species-specific excitatory neuron subtype in the deep layer 3 of the human neocortex, shedding light on cellular evolution in the human neocortex. Overall, Pianno equips researchers with a robust and efficient tool for annotating diverse biological structures, offering new perspectives on spatial transcriptomics data."
7719,brain tumour,38565404,"Low-frequency magnetic field therapy for glioblastoma: Current advances, mechanisms, challenges and future perspectives.","Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant tumour of the central nervous system. Despite recent advances in multimodal GBM therapy incorporating surgery, radiotherapy, systemic therapy (chemotherapy, targeted therapy), and supportive care, the overall survival (OS) remains poor, and long-term survival is rare. Currently, the primary obstacles hindering the effectiveness of GBM treatment are still the blood-brain barrier and tumor heterogeneity. In light of its substantial advantages over conventional therapies, such as strong penetrative ability and minimal side effects, low-frequency magnetic fields (LF-MFs) therapy has gradually caught the attention of scientists."
7720,brain tumour,38565395,All-stage targeted red blood cell membrane-coated docetaxel nanocrystals for glioma treatment.,"Challenges for glioma treatment with nanomedicines include physio-anatomical barriers (the blood-brain barrier and blood-brain tumor barrier), low drug loading capacity, and limited circulation time. Here, a red blood cell membrane-coated docetaxel drug nanocrystal (pV-RBCm-NC(DTX)), modified with pHA-VAP (pV) for all-stage targeting of glioma, was designed. The NC(DTX) core exhibited a high drug loading capacity but low in vivo stability, and the RBCm coating significantly enhanced the stability and prolonged in vivo circulation. Moreover, the Y-shaped targeting ligand pV was modified by a mild avidin-biotin interaction, which endowed RBCm-NC(DTX) with superior barrier-crossing ability and therapeutic efficacy. The integration of nanocrystal technology, cell membrane coating, and the avidin-biotin insertion method into this active targeting biomimetic formulation represents a promising drug delivery strategy for glioma."
7721,brain tumour,38565263,A comprehensive histomolecular characterization of meningioangiomatosis: Further evidence for a precursor neoplastic lesion.,"Meningioangiomatosis (MAM) remains a poorly understood lesion responsible for epileptic disease. In the past, MAM was primarily described in the context of neurofibromatosis type 2 before being mainly reported sporadically. Moreover, the malformative or tumoral nature is still debated. Because a subset of MAM are associated with meningiomas, some authors argue that MAM corresponds to an infiltration pattern of these tumors. For these reasons, MAM has not been added to the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors as a specific entity. In the present study, we characterized a series of pure MAM (n = 7) and MAM associated with meningiomas (n = 4) using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, genetic (fluorescent in situ and DNA sequencing analyses), and epigenetic (DNA-methylation profiling) data. We evidenced two distinct morphological patterns: MAM with a fibroblastic-like pattern having few lesional cells, and MAM with a more cellular pattern. A subset was associated with the genetic alterations previously reported in meningiomas (such as a KMT2C mutation and a hemizygous deletion of chromosome 22q including the NF2 gene). The DNA-methylation profile, using a t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding analysis, evidenced that MAM (pure or associated with meningiomas) clustered in a separate group from pediatric meningiomas. The present results seem to suggest that MAM represents a neoplastic lesion and encourage the further study of similar additional series so that it may be included in a future WHO classification."
7722,brain tumour,38565221,Enlarging and shrinking focal perivascular spaces.,"Perivascular spaces (PVS) are interstitial fluid-filled spaces surrounding blood vessels traversing the deep gray nuclei and white matter of the brain. These are commonly encountered on CT and MR imaging and are generally asymptomatic and of no clinical significance. However, occasional changes in the size of focal PVS, for example, when enlarging, may mimic pathologies including neoplasms and infections, hence potentially confounding radiological interpretation. Given these potential diagnostic issues, we sought to better characterize common clinical and imaging features of focal PVS demonstrating size fluctuations."
7723,brain tumour,38565081,Lysine Methyltransferase 5A Promotes the Progression of Growth Hormone Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors through the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway.,Growth hormone (GH) secreting pituitary adenoma is considered one of the most harmful types of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (PitNETs). Our previous research has found that high expression of Lysine methyltransferase 5A (KMT5A) is closely related to the proliferation of PitNETs. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of KMT5A in the progression of GH PitNETs.
7724,brain tumour,38565061,DMC-siERCC2 hybrid nanoparticle enhances TRAIL sensitivity by inducing cell cycle arrest for glioblastoma treatment.,"ERCC2 plays a pivotal role in DNA damage repair, however, its specific function in cancer remains elusive. In this study, we made a significant breakthrough by discovering a substantial upregulation of ERCC2 expression in glioblastoma (GBM) tumor tissue. Moreover, elevated levels of ERCC2 expression were closely associated with poor prognosis. Further investigation into the effects of ERCC2 on GBM revealed that suppressing its expression significantly inhibited malignant growth and migration of GBM cells, while overexpression of ERCC2 promoted tumor cell growth. Through mechanistic studies, we elucidated that inhibiting ERCC2 led to cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase by blocking the CDK2/CDK4/CDK6/Cyclin D1/Cyclin D3 pathway. Notably, we also discovered a direct link between ERCC2 and CDK4, a critical protein in cell cycle regulation. Additionally, we explored the potential of TRAIL, a low-toxicity death ligand cytokine with anticancer properties. Despite the typical resistance of GBM cells to TRAIL, tumor cells undergoing cell cycle arrest exhibited significantly enhanced sensitivity to TRAIL. Therefore, we devised a combination strategy, employing TRAIL with the nanoparticle DMC-siERCC2, which effectively suppressed the GBM cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. In summary, our study suggests that targeting ERCC2 holds promise as a therapeutic approach to GBM treatment."
7725,brain tumour,38564997,AS1411 aptamer/RGD dual functionalized theranostic chitosan-PLGA nanoparticles for brain cancer treatment and imaging.,"Conventional chemotherapy and poor targeted delivery in brain cancer resulting to poor treatment and develop resistance to anticancer drugs. Meanwhile, it is quite challenging to diagnose/detection of brain tumor at early stage of cancer which resulting in severity of the disease. Despite extensive research, effective treatment with real-time imaging still remains completely unavailable, yet. In this study, two brain cancer cell specific moieties i.e., AS1411 aptamer and RGD are decorated on the surface of chitosan-PLGA nanoparticles to improve targeted co-delivery of docetaxel (DTX) and upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) for effective brain tumor therapy and real-time imaging. The nanoparticles were developed by a slightly modified emulsion/solvent evaporation method. This investigation also translates the successful synthesis of TPGS-chitosan, TPGS-RGD and TPGS-AS1411 aptamer conjugates for making PLGA nanoparticle as a potential tool of the targeted co-delivery of DTX and UCNP to the brain cancer cells. The developed nanoparticles have shown an average particle size <200 nm, spherical in shape, high encapsulation of DTX and UCNP in the core of nanoparticles, and sustained release of DTX up to 72 h in phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4). AS1411 aptamer and RGD functionalized theranostic chitosan-PLGA nanoparticles containing DTX and UCNP (DUCPN-RGD-AS1411) have achieved greater cellular uptake, 89-fold improved cytotoxicity, enhanced cancer cell arrest even at lower drug conc., improved bioavailability with higher mean residence time of DTX in systemic circulation and brain tissues. Moreover, DUCPN-RGD-AS1411 have greatly facilitated cellular internalization and higher accumulation of UCNP in brain tissues. Additionally, DUCPN-RGD-AS1411 demonstrated a significant suppression in tumor growth in brain-tumor bearing xenograft BALB/c nude mice with no impressive sign of toxicities. DUCPN-RGD-AS1411 has great potential to be utilized as an effective and safe theranostic tool for brain cancer and other life-threatening cancer therapies."
7726,brain tumour,38564963,Intraoperative assessment of cochlear nerve functionality in various vestibular schwannoma scenarios: Lessons learned.,"The use of cochlear implants (CIs) is on the rise for patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS). Besides CI following tumor resection, new scenarios such as implantation in observed and/or irradiated tumors are becoming increasingly common. A significant emerging trend is the need of intraoperative evaluation of the functionality of the cochlear nerve in order to decide if a CI would be placed. The purpose of this paper is to explore the experience of a tertiary center with the application of the Auditory Nerve Test System (ANTS) in various scenarios regarding VS patients. The results are compared to that of the studies that have previously used the ANTS in this condition. Patients with unilateral or bilateral VS (NF2) who were evaluated with the ANTS prior to considering CI in a tertiary center between 2021 and 2023 were analyzed. The presence of a robust wave V was chosen to define a positive electrical auditory brainstem response (EABR). Two patients underwent promontory stimulation (PromStim) EABR previous to ANTS evaluation. Seven patients, 2 NF-2 and 5 with sporadic VS were included. The initial scenario was simultaneous translabyrinthine (TL) tumor resection and CI in 3 cases while a CI placement without tumor resection was planned in 4 cases. The ANTS was positive in 4 cases, negative in 2 cases, and uncertain in one case. Two patients underwent simultaneous TL and CI, 1 patient simultaneous TL and auditory brainstem implant, 3 patients posterior tympanotomy with CI, and 1 patient had no implant placement. In the 5 patients undergoing CI, sound detection was present. There was a good correlation between the PromStim and ANTS EABR. The literature research yielded 35 patients with complete information about EABR response. There was one false negative and one false positive case; that is, the 28 implanted cases with a present wave V following tumor resection had some degree of auditory perception in all but one case. The ANTS is a useful intraoperative tool to asses CI candidacy in VS patients undergoing observation, irradiation or surgery. A positive strongly predicts at least sound detection with the CI."
7727,brain tumour,38564902,Giant frontal sinus mucocele mimicked a primary brain tumor: A case report.,"Frontal sinus mucoceles commonly manifest with orbital complications. Intracranial complications, though rare, are significant in the differential diagnosis. Tumefactive and giant mucoceles can resemble intracranial tumors."
7728,brain tumour,38564815,Minimally invasive keyhole approach for supramaximal frontal glioma resections: technical note.,"The authors aimed to review the frontal lobe's surgical anatomy, describe their keyhole frontal lobectomy technique, and analyze the surgical results."
7729,brain tumour,38564778,CD70-specific CAR NK cells expressing IL-15 for the treatment of CD19-negative B-cell malignancy.,"Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) natural killer (NK) cells can eliminate tumors not only through the ability of the CAR molecule to recognize antigen-expressed cancer cells but also through NK-cell receptors themselves. This overcomes some of the limitations of CAR T cells, paving the way for CAR NK cells for safer and more effective off-the-shelf cellular therapy. In this study, CD70-specific (a pan-target of lymphoma) fourth-generation CAR with 4-1BB costimulatory domain and interleukin-15 (IL-15) was constructed and transduced into cord blood-derived NK cells by Baboon envelope pseudotyped lentiviral vector. CD70-CAR NK cells displayed superior cytotoxic activity in vitro and in vivo against CD19-negative B-cell lymphoma when compared with nontransduced NK cells and CD19-specific CAR NK cells. Importantly, mice that received 2 doses of CD70-CAR NK cells showed effective eradication of tumors, accompanied by increased concentration of plasma IL-15 and enhanced CAR NK cell proliferation and persistence. Our study suggests that repetitive administration-based CAR NK-cell therapy has clinical advantage compared with a single dose of CAR NK cells for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma."
7730,brain tumour,38564598,"Neuroprotective Assessment of Betaine against Copper Oxide Nanoparticle-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Brains of Albino Rats: A Histopathological, Neurochemical, and Molecular Investigation.","Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) are commonly used metal oxides. Betaine possesses antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. The current study aimed to investigate the neurotoxic effect of CuO-NPs on rats and the capability of betaine to mitigate neurotoxicity. Forty rats; 4 groups: group I a control, group II intraperitoneally CuO-NPs (0.5 mg/kg/day), group III orally betaine (250 mg/kg/day) and CuO-NPs, group IV orally betaine for 28 days. Rats were subjected to neurobehavioral assessments. Brain samples were processed for biochemical, molecular, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses. Behavioral performance of betaine demonstrated increasing locomotion and cognitive abilities. Group II exhibited significantly elevated malondialdehyde (MDA), overexpression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Significant decrease in glutathione (GSH), and downregulation of acetylcholine esterase (AChE), nuclear factor erythroid 2-like protein 2 (Nrf-2), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Histopathological alterations; neuronal degeneration, pericellular spaces, and neuropillar vacuolation. Immunohistochemically, an intense immunoreactivity is observed against IL-1β and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Betaine partially neuroprotected against CuO-NPs associated alterations. A significant decrease at MDA, downregulation of IL-1β, and TNF-α, a significant increase at GSH, and upregulation of AChE, Nrf-2, and SOD. Histopathological alterations partially ameliorated. Immunohistochemical intensity of IL-1β and GFAP reduced. It is concluded that betaine neuroprotected against most of CuO-NP neurotoxic effects through antioxidant and cell redox system stimulating efficacy."
7731,brain tumour,38564446,Making a difference: neurological support in the community.,"Nearly 3 million people in the UK have a neurological condition; stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, brain tumour, motor neurone disease, among others - all affecting the person for the rest of their life. The NHS provides treatment at the onset of a condition but after that, there is a huge need for ongoing support. Research shows that those who are supported and know more about their condition are less likely to have to call on further in-hospital and GP care. There is enormous scope for improving the quality of life for those with neurological conditions. The right support-therapeutic and social-makes all the difference. The book, which this article is based on, shows how those with neurological conditions benefit from integrated ongoing support provided in the local community and self-help, and how lives can be improved. It explains good practice and encouraging methods in the support and treatment of those with life changing conditions."
7732,brain tumour,38564082,Enriched Environment Inhibits Neurotoxic Reactive Astrocytes via JAK2-STAT3 to Promote Glutamatergic Synaptogenesis and Cognitive Improvement in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Rats.,"Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a primary contributor to cognitive decline in the elderly. Enriched environment (EE) is proved to improve cognitive function. However, mechanisms involved remain unclear. The purpose of the study was exploring the mechanisms of EE in alleviating cognitive deficit in rats with CCH. To create a rat model of CCH, 2-vessel occlusion (2-VO) surgery was performed. All rats lived in standard or enriched environments for 4 weeks. Cognitive function was assessed using the novel object recognition test and Morris water maze test. The protein levels of glutamatergic synapses, neurotoxic reactive astrocytes, reactive microglia, and JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway were measured using Western blot. The mRNA levels of synaptic regulatory factors, C1q, TNF-α, and IL-1α were identified using quantitative PCR. Immunofluorescence was used to detect glutamatergic synapses, neurotoxic reactive astrocytes, and reactive microglia, as well as the expression of p-STAT3 in astrocytes in the hippocampus. The results demonstrated that the EE mitigated cognitive impairment in rats with CCH and enhanced glutamatergic synaptogenesis. EE also inhibited the activation of neurotoxic reactive astrocytes. Moreover, EE downregulated microglial activation, levels of C1q, TNF-α and IL-1α and phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3. Our results suggest that inhibition of neurotoxic reactive astrocytes may be one of the mechanisms by which EE promotes glutamatergic synaptogenesis and improves cognitive function in rats with CCH. The downregulation of reactive microglia and JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway may be involved in this process."
7733,brain tumour,38564040,"Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted-prognostic factors, standard of care and chemotherapy, and future perspectives with neoadjuvant strategy.","Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted is known for their relative chemosensitivity and indolent clinical course among diffuse gliomas of adult type. Based on the data from phase 3 clinical trials, the standard of post-surgical care for those tumors is considered to be initial chemoradiotherapy regardless of histopathological grade, particularly with PCV. However, partly due to its renewed definition in late years, prognostic factors in patients with those tumors are not well established. Moreover, the survival rate declines over 15 years, with only a 37% OS rate at 20 years for grade 3 tumors, even with the current standard of care. Given that most of this disease occurs in young or middle-aged adults, further improvements in treatment and management are necessary. Here, we discuss prognostic factors, standard of care and chemotherapy, and future perspectives with neoadjuvant strategy in those tumors."
7734,brain tumour,38564039,Outcomes of 2-SSRS plus bevacizumab therapy strategy for brainstem metastases (BSM) over 2 cm,"Despite 2-staged stereotactic radiosurgery (2-SSRS) has been reported to provide patients with improved survival and limited toxicity, 2-SSRS for brainstem metastases (BSM) larger than 2 cm"
7735,brain tumour,38563988,Beyond fluorescence-guided resection: 5-ALA-based glioblastoma therapies.,"Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Despite advances in multimodal concepts over the last decades, prognosis remains poor. Treatment of patients with glioblastoma remains a considerable challenge due to the infiltrative nature of the tumor, rapid growth rates, and tumor heterogeneity. Standard therapy consists of maximally safe microsurgical resection followed by adjuvant radio- and chemotherapy with temozolomide. In recent years, local therapies have been extensively investigated in experimental as well as translational levels. External stimuli-responsive therapies such as Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), Sonodynamic Therapy (SDT) and Radiodynamic Therapy (RDT) can induce cell death mechanisms via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after administration of five-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), which induces the formation of sensitizing porphyrins within tumor tissue. Preliminary data from clinical trials are available. The aim of this review is to summarize the status of such therapeutic approaches as an adjunct to current standard therapy in glioblastoma."
7736,brain tumour,38563979,Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in a rat model of cerebral small vessel disease.,"Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is increasingly being recognized as a leading contributor to cognitive impairment in the elderly. However, there is a lack of effective preventative or therapeutic options for CSVD. In this exploratory study, we investigated the interplay between neuroinflammation and CSVD pathogenesis as well as the cognitive performance, focusing on NLRP3 signaling as a new therapeutic target. Spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone (SHRSP) rats served as a CSVD model. We found that SHRSP rats showed decline in learning and memory abilities using morris water maze test. Activated NLRP3 signaling and an increased expression of the downstream pro-inflammatory factors, including IL (interleukin)-6 and tumor necrosis factor α were determined. We also observed a remarkable increase in the production of pyroptosis executive protein gasdermin D, and elevated astrocytic and microglial activation. In addition, we identify several neuropathological hallmarks of CSVD, including blood-brain barrier breakdown, white matter damage, and endothelial dysfunction. These results were in correlation with the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, our findings reveal that the NLRP3-mediated inflammatory pathway could play a central role in the pathogenesis of CSVD, presenting a novel target for potential CSVD treatment."
7737,brain tumour,38563856,Comparative analysis of the spatial distribution of brain metastases across several primary cancers using machine learning and deep learning models.,"Brain metastases (BM) are associated with poor prognosis and increased mortality rates, making them a significant clinical challenge. Studying BMs can aid in improving early detection and monitoring. Systematic comparisons of anatomical distributions of BM from different primary cancers, however, remain largely unavailable."
7738,brain tumour,38563855,Sex differences in adverse events in Medicare individuals ≥ 66 years of age post glioblastoma treatment.,Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor with the highest incidence occurring in older adults with a median age at diagnosis of 64 years old. While treatment often improves survival it brings toxicities and adverse events (AE). Here we identify sex differences in treatment patterns and AE in individuals ≥ 66 years at diagnosis with GB.
7739,brain tumour,38563854,Perioperative psychological distress in patients with intracranial tumors; a single center study.,"Distress Thermometer (DT) was adopted to evaluate distress in neuro-oncology on a scale from 1 to 10. DT values above 4 indicate major distress and should initiate psycho(onco)logical co-therapy. However, data about peri-operative distress is scarce. Hence, we evaluated peri-operative distress levels in a neurosurgical patient cohort with various intracranial tumors using the DT."
7740,brain tumour,38563852,"Pediatric neurosurgical medulloblastoma outcomes in La Paz, Bolivia: How a Lower Middle-Income Country (LMIC) institution in South America compares to the United States.","How pediatric medulloblastoma patients fare in Lower Middle-Income Country (LMICs) in South America is not well understood. Correspondingly, the aim of this study was to summarize the pediatric neurosurgical experience of an institution in La Paz, and compare outcomes to that of a generalized High Income Country (HIC) United States (US) experience."
7741,brain tumour,38563851,Real-world cost- effectiveness analysis: Tumor Treating Fields for newly diagnosed glioblastoma in China.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) stands as the most aggressive and prevalent primary brain malignancy. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields), an innovative therapy complementing chemotherapy for GBM treatment, which can significantly enhance overall survival, disease progression-free survival, and patient's quality of life. However, there is a dearth of health economics evaluation on TTFields therapy both domestically and internationally."
7742,brain tumour,38563850,Repurposing mebendazole against triple-negative breast cancer CNS metastasis.,Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) often metastasizes to the central nervous system (CNS) and has the highest propensity among breast cancer subtypes to develop leptomeningeal disease (LMD). LMD is a spread of cancer into leptomeningeal space that speeds up the disease progression and severely aggravates the prognosis. LMD has limited treatment options. We sought to test whether the common anti-helminthic drug mebendazole (MBZ) may be effective against murine TNBC LMD.
7743,brain tumour,38563630,Intraoperative seizures during neuro-oncological supratentorial surgery: the role of prophylaxis with levetiracetam and intraoperative monitoring in a consecutive series of 353 patients.,The aim of this paper was to understand the role of prophylaxis with levetiracetam at skin incision in preventing convulsive intraoperative seizures (IOS) during neurosurgical procedures with and without intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM).
7744,brain tumour,38563585,Phosphocreatine Promotes Epigenetic Reprogramming to Facilitate Glioblastoma Growth Through Stabilizing BRD2.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) exhibits profound metabolic plasticity for survival and therapeutic resistance, while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that GBM stem cells reprogram the epigenetic landscape by producing substantial amounts of phosphocreatine (PCr). This production is attributed to the elevated transcription of brain-type creatine kinase, mediated by Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1. PCr inhibits the poly-ubiquitination of the chromatin regulator bromodomain containing protein 2 (BRD2) by outcompeting the E3 ubiquitin ligase SPOP for BRD2 binding. Pharmacological disruption of PCr biosynthesis by cyclocreatine (cCr) leads to BRD2 degradation and a decrease in its targets' transcription, which inhibits chromosome segregation and cell proliferation. Notably, cyclocreatine treatment significantly impedes tumor growth and sensitizes tumors to a BRD2 inhibitor in mouse GBM models without detectable side effects. These findings highlight that high production of PCr is a druggable metabolic feature of GBM and a promising therapeutic target for GBM treatment. Significance: Glioblastoma (GBM) exhibits an adaptable metabolism crucial for survival and therapy resistance. We demonstrate that GBM stem cells modify their epigenetics by producing phosphocreatine (PCr), which prevents bromodomain containing protein 2 (BRD2) degradation and promotes accurate chromosome segregation. Disrupting PCr biosynthesis impedes tumor growth and improves the efficacy of BRD2 inhibitors in mouse GBM models."
7745,brain tumour,38563164,"Regorafenib and glioblastoma: a literature review of preclinical studies, molecular mechanisms and clinical effectiveness.","Glioblastoma IDH wild type (GBM) is a very aggressive brain tumour, characterised by an infiltrative growth pattern and by a prominent neoangiogenesis. Its prognosis is unfortunately dismal, and the median overall survival of GBM patients is short (15 months). Clinical management is based on bulk tumour removal and standard chemoradiation with the alkylating drug temozolomide, but the tumour invariably recurs leading to patient's death. Clinical options for GBM patients remained unaltered for almost two decades until the encouraging results obtained by the phase II REGOMA trial allowed the introduction of the multikinase inhibitor regorafenib as a preferred regimen in relapsed GBM treatment by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) 2020 Guideline. Regorafenib, a sorafenib derivative, targets kinases associated with angiogenesis (VEGFR 1-3), as well as oncogenesis (c-KIT, RET, FGFR) and stromal kinases (FGFR, PDGFR-b). It was already approved for metastatic colorectal cancers and hepatocellular carcinomas. The aim of the present review is to focus on both the molecular and clinical knowledge collected in these first three years of regorafenib use in GBM."
7746,brain tumour,38562665,Evaluation of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel loaded macrophages for glioblastoma treatment based on a microfluidic chip.,
7747,brain tumour,38562103,Evaluating of Existing VTE Risk Scales in Glioma Patients.,"Postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequently occurring complication among glioma patients. Several risk assessment models (RAMs), including the Caprini RAM, the IMPROVE Risk Score, the IMPROVED VTE Risk Score, and the Padua Prediction Score, have not been validated within the glioma patient population. The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive accuracy of established VTE risk scales in patients with glioma."
7748,brain tumour,38561939,Hemorrhagic Presentation in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Case Study.,"BACKGROUND Primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an extremely aggressive brain disease that rarely affects immunocompetent non-elderly patients, particularly with hemorrhagic presentation. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the diagnosis of this entity, which typically demonstrates restricted diffusion and a T2 hypointense appearance, suggesting hypercellularity. CASE REPORT A 44-year-old man came to the emergency department with a persistent and treatment-resistant bilateral frontal headache that had been bothering him for the past 3 weeks. Upon conducting a neurological assessment, the patient displayed temporal disorientation and incoherent speech, but without any observable motor deficits. A non-contrast enhanced brain computed tomography scan was carried out, revealing a hyperattenuating, space-occupying lesion and hemorrhage in the left hemisphere of the brain. Subsequently, brain MRI demonstrated hypointense signal on T2-weighted images, restricted diffusion, and homogeneous lesional contrast enhancement, suggesting a very cellular expansive lesion with hemorrhage. To establish a definitive diagnosis, a brain biopsy was undertaken, confirming the presence of DLBCL of the primary central nervous system (germinal center phenotype). CONCLUSIONS Hemorrhagic presentation of primary central nervous system DLBCL occurs very rarely, particularly in non-elderly immunocompetent patients. Brain MRI plays an important role in the diagnosis of this entity, which allows differentiation from high-grade glial or other lesions that present more frequently with hemorrhage. Therefore, it is crucial to suspect lymphoma before surgical intervention for appropriate patient management."
7749,brain tumour,38561905,Canine glioma in the first year of life: 5 cases.,"Most canine gliomas occur in adult and aged dogs, and reports in puppies < 12-mo-old are exceedingly rare. Here we describe the occurrence of gliomas in 5 dogs ≤ 12-mo-old. The affected patients (4 males, 1 female) were 3-12-mo-old (x̄ = 6.6-mo-old). None of the dogs were brachycephalic. Clinical signs consisted of dullness (2 cases), seizures (2 cases), vestibular signs, and deafness (1 case each). All patients were euthanized. Grossly, neoplasms were pale-tan or red, soft masses in the telencephalon (4 cases) or gelatinous leptomeningeal thickening in the brain and spinal cord (1 case). Neoplasms were classified as astrocytomas (3 cases) and oligodendrogliomas (2 cases) based on histology or histology and IHC. Our findings confirm that, while exceptionally rare, canine gliomas occur in the first year of life, and are clinically, morphologically, and immunohistochemically similar to gliomas in adult and aged dogs."
7750,brain tumour,38561856,Tumor suppressor role of the complement inhibitor CSMD1 and its role in TNF-induced neuroinflammation in gliomas.,"The complement inhibitor CSMD1 acts as a tumor suppressor in various types of solid cancers. Despite its high level of expression in the brain, its function in gliomas, malignant brain tumors originating from glial cells, has not been investigated."
7751,brain tumour,38561797,Identification of genetic modifiers enhancing B7-H3-targeting CAR T cell therapy against glioblastoma through large-scale CRISPRi screening.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis. Current treatment options are limited and often ineffective. CAR T cell therapy has shown success in treating hematologic malignancies, and there is growing interest in its potential application in solid tumors, including GBM. However, current CAR T therapy lacks clinical efficacy against GBM due to tumor-related resistance mechanisms and CAR T cell deficiencies. Therefore, there is a need to improve CAR T cell therapy efficacy in GBM."
7752,brain tumour,38561622,Gender Differences in Patients with Prolactinoma: Single-center Ukrainian Experience.,Prolactinomas are the most common type of pituitary gland tumors that secrete overly prolactin. They account for approximately 60% of all hormone-secreting hypophysis tumors.
7753,brain tumour,38561591,The effect of indicators of CALLY index on survival in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. Recently, research has been published on the potential prognostic indicators associated with different types of cancer. Due to the limited availability of data investigating the relationship between the CALLY index and glioblastoma patients, we aimed to conduct this study."
7754,brain tumour,38561565,"Maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing in glioblastoma patients undergoing chemotherapy: assessment of feasibility, safety, and physical fitness status.","Maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (max. CPET) provides the most accurate measurement of cardiorespiratory fitness. However, glioblastoma (GBM) patients often undergo less intensive tests, e.g., 6-min walk test or self-rating scales. This study aims to demonstrate feasibility and safety of max. CPET in GBM patients, concurrently evaluating their physical fitness status."
7755,brain tumour,38561221,Mindfulness-based psychosocial interventions and psychological wellbeing in cancer survivorship: a meta-analysis.,"Among cancer survivors, mindfulness-based interventions appear promising in decreasing distress for cancer patients, but little attention has been paid to the ultimate mindfulness goal of increasing psychological wellbeing. This meta-analysis aims to summarise and synthesise available evidence concerning the effectiveness of MBIs on positive psychological outcomes reflecting key aspects of psychological wellbeing in heterogeneous cancer patients."
7756,brain tumour,38561051,Predictors of Tumor Dynamics Over a 6-Week Course of Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Glioblastoma and the Effect on Survival.,We present the final analyses of tumor dynamics and their prognostic significance during a 6-week course of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for glioblastoma in the Glioblastoma Longitudinal Imaging Observational study.
7757,brain tumour,38561034,Intracranial Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumors: A Systematic Literature Review of a Rare Entity.,Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumors (PMTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms known for producing Tumor-induced Osteomalacia (TIO). TIO is an uncommon paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by radiographic evidence of inadequate bone mineralization and analytical abnormalites.
7758,brain tumour,38561029,Border Zone Maybe Correlated with Radiation Necrosis After Radiosurgery in Metastatic Brain Tumor.,"Radiation necrosis (RN) after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in brain metastases has been extensively evaluated, and RN is correlated with various risk factors. However, no study comprehensively analyzed the correlation between RN and the border zones of the brain that are vulnerable to ischemia. We hypothesized that patients with tumors in the border zone are at high risk of RN. Hence, the current study aimed to assess the correlation between border zone lesions and RN, with consideration of other predetermined factors."
7759,brain tumour,38560941,Clinical outcomes and complications of eyelid versus eyebrow approaches to supraorbital craniotomy: systematic review and indirect meta-analysis.,"Eyebrow supraorbital craniotomy is a versatile keyhole technique for treating intracranial pathologies. The eyelid supraorbital approach, an alternative approach to an eyebrow supraorbital craniotomy, has not been widely adopted among most neurosurgeons. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to perform a pooled analysis of the complications of eyebrow or eyelid approaches for the treatment of aneurysms, meningiomas, and orbital tumors."
7760,brain tumour,38560572,IQGAP3 promotes the progression of glioma as an immune and prognostic marker.,
7761,brain tumour,38560567,Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) promotes distant metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via activation of LOXL2.,"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive solid malignancies. A specific mechanism of its metastasis has not been established. In this study, we investigated whether Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) plays a role in distant metastasis of PDAC. We found that N-WASP is markedly expressed in clinical patients with PDAC. Clinical analysis showed a notably more distant metastatic pattern in the N-WASP-high group compared to the N-WASP-low group. N-WASP was noted to be a novel mediator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via gene expression profile studies. Knockdown of N-WASP in pancreatic cancer cells significantly inhibited cell invasion, migration, and EMT. We also observed positive association of lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) with the N-WASP-mediated response, wherein EMT and invadopodia function were modulated. Both N-WASP and LOXL2 depletion significantly reduced the incidence of liver and lung metastatic lesions in orthotopic mouse models of pancreatic cancer. These results elucidate a novel role for N-WASP signaling associated with LOXL2 in EMT and invadopodia function, with respect to regulation of intercellular communication in tumor cells for promoting pancreatic cancer metastasis. These findings may aid in the development of therapeutic strategies against pancreatic cancer."
7762,brain tumour,38560566,GRIK1 promotes glioblastoma malignancy and is a novel prognostic factor of poor prognosis.,"Primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are classified into over 100 different histological types. The most common type of glioma is derived from astrocytes, and the most invasive glioblastoma (WHO IV) accounts for over 57% of these tumors. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and fatal tumor of the CNS, with strong growth and invasion capabilities, which makes complete surgical resection almost impossible. Despite various treatment methods such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, glioma is still an incurable disease, and the median survival time of patients with GBM is shorter than 15 months. Thus, molecular mechanisms of GBM characteristic invasive growth need to be clarified to improve the poor prognosis. Glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 1 (GRIK1) is essential for brain function and is involved in many mental and neurological diseases. However, GRIK1's pathogenic roles and mechanisms in GBM are still unknown. Single-nuclear RNA sequencing of primary and recurrent GBM samples revealed that GRIK1 expression was noticeably higher in the recurrent samples. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining of an array of GBM samples showed that high levels of GRIK1 correlated with poor prognosis of GBM, consistent with The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Knockdown of GRIK1 retarded GBM cells growth, migration, and invasion. Taken together, these findings show that GRIK1 is a unique and important component in the development of GBM and may be considered as a biomarker for the diagnosis and therapy in individuals with GBM."
7763,brain tumour,38560349,State of the neoadjuvant therapy for glioblastoma multiforme-Where do we stand?,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite several investigations in this field, maximal safe resection followed by chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide with or without tumor-treating fields remains the standard of care with poor survival outcomes. Many endeavors have failed to make a dramatic change in the outcomes of GBM patients. This study aimed to review the available strategies for newly diagnosed GBM in the neoadjuvant setting, which have been mainly neglected in contrast to other solid tumors."
7764,brain tumour,38560348,"Tumor-treating fields dosimetry in glioblastoma: Insights into treatment planning, optimization, and dose-response relationships.","Tumor-treating fields (TTFields) are currently a Category 1A treatment recommendation by the US National Comprehensive Cancer Center for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Although the mechanism of action of TTFields has been partly elucidated, tangible and standardized metrics are lacking to assess antitumor dose and effects of the treatment. This paper outlines and evaluates the current standards and methodologies in the estimation of the TTFields distribution and dose measurement in the brain and highlights the most important principles governing TTFields dosimetry. The focus is on clinical utility to facilitate a practical understanding of these principles and how they can be used to guide treatment. The current evidence for a correlation between TTFields dose, tumor growth, and clinical outcome will be presented and discussed. Furthermore, we will provide perspectives and updated insights into the planning and optimization of TTFields therapy for glioblastoma by reviewing how the dose and thermal effects of TTFields are affected by factors such as tumor location and morphology, peritumoral edema, electrode array position, treatment duration (compliance), array ""edge effect,"" electrical duty cycle, and skull-remodeling surgery. Finally, perspectives are provided on how to optimize the efficacy of future TTFields therapy."
7765,brain tumour,38559823,ELTD1 Review: New Regulator of Angiogenesis in Glioma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a severe brain cancer in which angiogenesis is controlled by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as Epidermal Growth Factor Latrophilin and seven transmembrane domain-containing protein 1 (ELTD1), which are crucial for tumor progression. ELTD1 is an understudied GPCR with a broad expression profile in various tissues, including the human brain, especially in the cerebral cortex. It plays a significant role in angiogenesis and tumorigenesis and is regulated by interconnected VEGF and DLL4/Notch pathways. ELTD1 also modulates the JAK/STAT3/HIF-1α signaling axis, affecting the response of cells to low-oxygen conditions and promoting cell proliferation. However, their specific ligands and functional mechanisms remain unclear. ELTD1 expression is associated with different outcomes in various cancers. For example, in GBM, higher ELTD1 levels are linked to more mature and less leaky blood vessels, potentially enhancing drug delivery and therapeutic success. It also has divergent prognostic implications in renal, ovarian, and colorectal cancer. Additionally, ELTD1 overexpression in central nervous system endothelial cells suggests that it is a potential biomarker for multiple sclerosis. Therapeutically, blocking ELTD1 inhibits vessel formation, possibly slowing tumor growth. Initial therapies used polyclonal antibodies, but the shift has been towards more targeted monoclonal antibodies, particularly in preclinical glioma models. This review aimed to translate these insights into effective clinical treatments. However, several gaps remain in our knowledge regarding ELTD1 ligands and their potential involvement in other physiological or pathological processes that future research can address to elucidate the role of ELTD1 in cancer, through angiogenesis and other intracellular pathways."
7766,brain tumour,38559656,Mediastinal malignant rhabdoid tumor in an infant: A rare case report.,"Mediastinal malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is an exceedingly rare and aggressive neoplasm, particularly uncommon in infants. We present the case of a previously healthy 7-month-old male infant with mediastinal MRT. The patient initially presented with left eyelid ptosis and was otherwise asymptomatic. Initial investigations, including brain MRI, yielded unremarkable results, and the infant was discharged with vitamin B supplements. However, he was readmitted a week later with prolonged fever, poor feeding, diarrhea, and respiratory distress. Despite an initial diagnosis of bronchiolitis/viral respiratory tract infection, the patient's condition rapidly deteriorated. Subsequent evaluation revealed mediastinal MRT as the underlying cause. This case underscores the diagnostic challenges associated with mediastinal MRT in infants and highlights the importance of considering rare neoplastic etiologies in atypical clinical presentations."
7767,brain tumour,38559655,Prostate cancer brain metastases: Monitoring response to treatment with PSMA PET/CT.,"Prostate cancer brain metastases are rare but increasingly recognized with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT. Distinguishing tumor response from postradiation changes are challenging on MRI. PSMA PET/CT may clarify equivocal brain lesions after radiotherapy. A 71-year-old man with metastatic prostate cancer developed 2 new brain lesions on PSMA PET/CT. Lesions were high PSMA-avid and MRI follow up showed enhancing masses with edema, consistent with metastases. He underwent whole-brain radiation. Follow-up PSMA PET/CT after radiotherapy demonstrated significantly decreased lesion size and activity, with activity lower than blood pool, indicating a treatment response. MRI also showed near-resolution of the lesions. This case highlights the potential utility of PSMA PET/CT for detecting prostate cancer brain metastases and monitoring treatment response. PSMA PET/CT provides valuable complementary information to MRI for managing irradiated prostate cancer brain metastases."
7768,brain tumour,38559565,Case report: Isolated eyelid metastasis of ccRCC 5 years after receiving radical nephrectomy.,"The most common sites of clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC) metastasis are the lung, bones, liver and brain; eyelid metastasis is a rare occurrence."
7769,brain tumour,38559561,Single brain metastases - prognostic factors and impact of residual tumor burden on overall survival.,"Brain metastases (BM) are a common and challenging issue, with their incidence on the rise due to advancements in systemic therapies and increased patient survival. Most patients present with single BM, some of them without any further extracranial metastasis (i.e., solitary BM). The significance of postoperative intracranial tumor volume in the treatment of singular and solitary BM is still debated."
7770,brain tumour,38559526,Prosopagnosia Due to Metastatic Brain Tumor: A Case-Based Review.,"Prosopagnosia, also referred to as ""face blindness,"" is a type of visual agnosia characterized by a decreased capacity to recognize familiar faces with a preserved ability to identify individuals based on non-facial visual traits or voice. Prosopagnosia can be categorized as developmental (DP) or acquired (AP) owing to a variety of underlying conditions, including trauma, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, neuroinfections, and, less frequently, malignancies. Facial recognition is a complex process in which different neuronal networks are involved. The infrequent but notable higher visual-processing abnormalities can be caused by lesions of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) in the non-dominant temporal lobe. We report a rare case of AP in a 69-year-old patient who is right-hand dominant with rectal carcinoma cerebral metastases. The patient complained of dizziness, vertigo, falls, and trouble recognizing her family members' faces. The CT scan of the head with contrast revealed two metastatic brain lesions with vasogenic edema, as one of them was in the right cerebellar hemisphere, causing dislocation and compression of the ILF. Corticosteroids and osmotherapy were utilized as a conservative treatment approach, which resulted in the prosopagnosia being completely withdrawn. In conclusion, patients with primary brain tumors or metastatic disease rarely present with an isolated cognitive deficit such as prosopagnosia. Based on the anatomical features and the personalized approach, a conservative or surgical approach may be useful to improve higher cortical functioning."
7771,brain tumour,38559200,CD39 is expressed on functional effector and tissue resident memory CD8+ T cells.,"The ecto-ATPase CD39 is expressed on exhausted CD8+ T cells in chronic viral infection and has been proposed as a marker of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in cancer, but the role of CD39 in an effector and memory T cell response has not been clearly defined. We report that CD39 is expressed on antigen-specific CD8+ short-lived effector cells (SLECs), while it's co-ecto-enzyme, CD73, is found on memory precursor effector cells (MPEC) "
7772,brain tumour,38559056,miR-644a is a tumor cell-intrinsic mediator of sex bias in glioblastoma.,"Biological sex is an important risk factor for glioblastoma (GBM), with males having a higher incidence and poorer prognosis. The mechanisms for this sex bias are thought to be both tumor intrinsic and tumor extrinsic. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, have been previously linked to sex differences in various cell types and diseases, but their role in the sex bias of GBM remains unknown."
7773,brain tumour,38558729,New Breakthroughs in the Diagnosis of Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis: A Review of Liquid Biopsies of Cerebrospinal Fluid.,"Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis represents a terminal stage and is a devastating complication of cancer. Despite its high incidence, current diagnostic methods fail to accurately detect this condition in a timely manner. This failure to diagnose leads to the refusal of treatment and the absence of clinical trials, hampering the development of new therapy strategies. The use of liquid biopsy is revolutionizing the field of diagnostic oncology. The dynamic and non-invasive detection of tumor markers has enormous potential in cancer diagnostics and treatment. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is a condition where invasive tissue biopsy is not part of the routine diagnostic analysis, making liquid biopsy an essential diagnostic tool. Several elements in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been investigated as potential targets of liquid biopsy, including free circulating tumor cells, free circulating nucleic acids, proteins, exosomes, and even non-tumor cells as part of the dynamic tumor microenvironment. This review aims to summarize current breakthroughs in the research on liquid biopsy, including the latest breakthroughs in the identification of tumor cells and nucleic acids, and give an overview of future directions in the diagnosis of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis."
7774,brain tumour,38558366,Tumor analysis of MMR genes in Lynch-like syndrome: Challenges associated with results interpretation.,"Up to 70% of suspected Lynch syndrome patients harboring MMR deficient tumors lack identifiable germline pathogenic variants in MMR genes, being referred to as Lynch-like syndrome (LLS). Previous studies have reported biallelic somatic MMR inactivation in a variable range of LLS-associated tumors. Moreover, translating tumor testing results into patient management remains controversial. Our aim is to assess the challenges associated with the implementation of tumoral MMR gene testing in routine workflows."
7775,brain tumour,38558313,Advances in pediatric gliomas: from molecular characterization to personalized treatments.,"Pediatric gliomas, consisting of both pediatric low-grade (pLGG) and high-grade gliomas (pHGG), are the most frequently occurring brain tumors in children. Over the last decade, several milestone advancements in treatments have been achieved as a result of stronger understanding of the molecular biology behind these tumors. This review provides an overview of pLGG and pHGG highlighting their clinical presentation, molecular characteristics, and latest advancements in therapeutic treatments.  Conclusion: The increasing understanding of the molecular biology characterizing pediatric low and high grade gliomas has revolutionized treatment options for these patients, especially in pLGG. The implementation of next generation sequencing techniques for these tumors is crucial in obtaining less toxic and more efficacious treatments. What is Known: • Pediatric Gliomas are the most common brain tumour in children. They are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in this population. What is New: • Over the last two decades, there has been a significant increase in our global understanding of the molecular background of pediatric low and high grade gliomas. • The implementation of next generation sequencing techniques for these tumors is crucial in obtaining less toxic and more efficacious treatments, with the ultimate goal of improving both the survival and the quality of life of these patients."
7776,brain tumour,38558282,Identification of a gene expression signature associated with brain metastasis in colorectal cancer.,Brain metastasis (BM) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is a rare event with poor prognosis. Apart from (K)RAS status and lung and bone metastasis no biomarkers exist to identify patients at risk. This study aimed to identify a gene expression signature associated with colorectal BM.
7777,brain tumour,38558215,"Neurobehavioral dysfunction in a mouse model of Down syndrome: upregulation of cystathionine β-synthase, H","Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition where the person is born with an extra chromosome 21. DS is associated with accelerated aging; people with DS are prone to age-related neurological conditions including an early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Using the Dp(17)3Yey/ + mice, which overexpresses a portion of mouse chromosome 17, which encodes for the transsulfuration enzyme cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), we investigated the functional role of the CBS/hydrogen sulfide (H"
7778,brain tumour,38558074,"Relaxation Along a Fictitious Field, continuous wave T1rho, adiabatic T1rho and adiabatic T2rho imaging of human gliomas at 3T: A feasibility study.","In pre-clinical models of brain gliomas, Relaxation Along a Fictitious Field in second rotating frame (TRAFF2), continues wave T1rho (T1ρcw), adiabatic T1rho (T1ρadiab), and adiabatic T2rho (T2ρadiab) relaxation time mappings have demonstrated potential to non-invasively characterize brain gliomas. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility and potential of 4 different spin lock methods at 3T to characterize primary brain glioma. 22 patients (26-72 years) with suspected primary glioma. T1ρcw was performed using pulse peak amplitude of 500Hz and pulse train durations of 40 and 80 ms while the corresponding values for T1ρadiab, T2ρadiab, TRAFF2 were 500/500/500Hz and 48 and 96, 64 and 112, 45 and 90 ms, respectively. The parametric maps were calculated using a monoexponential model. Molecular profiles were evaluated from tissue specimens obtained during the resection. The lesion regions-of-interest were segmented from high intensity FLAIR using automatic segmentation with manual refinement. Statistical descriptors from the voxel intensity values inside each lesion and radiomic features (Pyrad MRC package) were calculated. From extracted radiomics, mRMRe R package version 2.1.0 was used to select 3 features in each modality for statistical comparisons. Of the 22 patients, 10 were found to have IDH-mutant gliomas and of those 5 patients had 1p/19q codeletion group comparisons. Following correction for effects of age and gender, at least one statistical descriptor was able to differentiate between IDH and 1p/19q codeletion status for all the parametric maps. In the radiomic analysis, corner-edge detector features with Harris-Stephens filtered signal showed significant group differences in IDH and 1p/19q codeletion groups. Spin lock imaging at 3T of human glioma was feasible and various qualitative parameters derived from the parametric maps were found to have potential to differentiate IDH and 1p19q codeletion status. Future larger prospective clinical trials are warranted to evaluate these methods further."
7779,brain tumour,38557942,Relevance of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin on the Pathogenesis of Glioblastoma: Role of the Neutrophil.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most predominant and malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a cytokine primarily generated by activated epithelial cells, has recently garnered attention in cancer research. This study was aimed to elucidate the significance of TSLP in GBM cells and its interplay with the immune system, particularly focused on granulocyte neutrophils. Our results demonstrate that the tumor produces TSLP when stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) in both the U251 cell line and the GBM biopsy (GBM-b). The relevance of the TSLP function was evaluated using a 3D spheroid model. Spheroids exhibited increased diameter, volume, and proliferation. In addition, TSLP promoted the generation of satellites surrounding the main spheroids and inhibited apoptosis in U251 treated with temozolomide (TMZ). Additionally, the co-culture of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells from healthy donors with the U251 cell line in the presence of TSLP showed a reduction in apoptosis and an increase in IL-8 production. TSLP directly inhibited apoptosis in PMN from GBM patients (PMN-p). Interestingly, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production was elevated in PMN-p compared with PMN from healthy donors. Under these conditions, TSLP also increased VEGF production, in PMN from healthy donors. Moreover, TSLP upregulated programed death-ligand 1 (PDL-1) expression in PMN cultured with U251. On the other hand, according to our results, the analysis of RNA-seq datasets from Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing platform performed with TIMER2.0 webserver demonstrated that the combination of TSLP with neutrophils decreases the survival of the patient. In conclusion, our results position TSLP as a possible new growth factor in GBM and indicate its modulation of the tumor microenvironment, particularly through its interaction with PMN."
7780,brain tumour,38557927,Loss of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase immunoreactivity correlates with poor prognosis and elevated uptake of ,"The proximate localization of MTAP, which encodes methylthioadenosine phosphorylase, and CDKN2A/B on Chromosome 9q21 has allowed the loss of MTAP expression as a surrogate for homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/B. This study aimed to determine whether MTAP status correlates with clinical outcomes and "
7781,brain tumour,38557901,Preface for Brain Tumor Pathology vol.41 issue 2 : (Special issue for the 41st Annual Meeting of the Japan Society of Brain Tumor Pathology).,No abstract found
7782,brain tumour,38557894,"External ventricular drainage in pediatric patients: indications, management, and shunt conversion rates.","Placement of an external ventricular drainage (EVD) is one of the most frequent procedures in neurosurgery, but it has specific challenges and risks in the pediatric population. We here investigate the indications, management, and shunt conversion rates of an EVD."
7783,brain tumour,38557623,Deep Generative Adversarial Reinforcement Learning for Semi-Supervised Segmentation of Low-Contrast and Small Objects in Medical Images.,"Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has demonstrated impressive performance in medical image segmentation, particularly for low-contrast and small medical objects. However, current DRL-based segmentation methods face limitations due to the optimization of error propagation in two separate stages and the need for a significant amount of labeled data. In this paper, we propose a novel deep generative adversarial reinforcement learning (DGARL) approach that, for the first time, enables end-to-end semi-supervised medical image segmentation in the DRL domain. DGARL ingeniously establishes a pipeline that integrates DRL and generative adversarial networks (GANs) to optimize both detection and segmentation tasks holistically while mutually enhancing each other. Specifically, DGARL introduces two innovative components to facilitate this integration in semi-supervised settings. First, a task-joint GAN with two discriminators links the detection results to the GAN's segmentation performance evaluation, allowing simultaneous joint evaluation and feedback. This ensures that DRL and GAN can be directly optimized based on each other's results. Second, a bidirectional exploration DRL integrates backward exploration and forward exploration to ensure the DRL agent explores the correct direction when forward exploration is disabled due to lack of explicit rewards. This mitigates the issue of unlabeled data being unable to provide rewards and rendering DRL unexplorable. Comprehensive experiments on three generalization datasets, comprising a total of 640 patients, demonstrate that our novel DGARL achieves 85.02% Dice and improves at least 1.91% for brain tumors, achieves 73.18% Dice and improves at least 4.28% for liver tumors, and achieves 70.85% Dice and improves at least 2.73% for pancreas compared to the ten most recent advanced methods, our results attest to the superiority of DGARL. Code is available at GitHub."
7784,brain tumour,38557602,Revealing the Ferroptotic Phenotype of Medulloblastoma.,"The interaction of iron and oxygen is an integral part of the development of life on Earth. Nonetheless, this unique chemistry continues to fascinate and puzzle, leading to new biological ventures. In 2012, a Columbia University group recognized this interaction as a central event leading to a new type of regulated cell death named ""ferroptosis."" The major feature of ferroptosis is the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides due to (1) dysfunctional antioxidant defense and/or (2) overwhelming oxidative stress, which most frequently coincides with increased content of free labile iron in the cell. This is normally prevented by the canonical anti-ferroptotic axis comprising the cystine transporter xCT, glutathione (GSH), and GSH peroxidase 4 (GPx4). Since ferroptosis is not a programmed type of cell death, it does not involve signaling pathways characteristic of apoptosis. The most common way to prove this type of cell death is by using lipophilic antioxidants (vitamin E, ferrostatin-1, etc.) to prevent it. These molecules can approach and detoxify oxidative damage in the plasma membrane. Another important aspect in revealing the ferroptotic phenotype is detecting the preceding accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides, for which the specific dye BODIPY C11 is used. The present manuscript will show how ferroptosis can be induced in wild-type medulloblastoma cells by using different inducers: erastin, RSL3, and iron-donor. Similarly, the xCT-KO cells that grow in the presence of NAC, and which undergo ferroptosis once NAC is removed, will be used. The characteristic ""bubbling"" phenotype is visible under the light microscope within 12-16 h from the moment of ferroptosis triggering. Furthermore, BODIPY C11 staining followed by FACS analysis to show the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides and consequent cell death using the PI staining method will be used. To prove the ferroptotic nature of cell death, ferrostatin-1 will be used as a specific ferroptosis-preventing agent."
7785,brain tumour,38557595,Transcranial direct current stimulation is more effective than pregabalin in controlling nociceptive and anxiety-like behaviors in a rat fibromyalgia-like model.,"Despite the fact that fibromyalgia, a widespread disease of the musculoskeletal system, has no specific treatment, patients have shown improvement after pharmacological intervention. Pregabalin has demonstrated efficacy; however, its adverse effects may reduce treatment adherence. In this context, neuromodulatory techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may be employed as a complementary pain-relieving method. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pregabalin and tDCS treatments on the behavioral and biomarker parameters of rats submitted to a fibromyalgia-like model."
7786,brain tumour,38557500,Facilitating Repeat Intracarotid Injections in Mouse Models by a Novel Injection Site Repair Technique.,"Given recent advances in the delivery of novel antitumor therapeutics using endovascular selective intraarterial delivery methods in neuro-oncology, there is an urgent need to develop methods for intracarotid injections in mouse models, including methods to repair the carotid artery in mice after injection to allow for subsequent injections. We developed a method of intracarotid injection in a mouse model to deliver therapeutics into the internal carotid artery (ICA) with two alternative procedures. During injection, the needle is inserted into the common carotid artery (CCA) after tying a suture around the external carotid artery (ECA) and injected therapeutics are delivered into the ICA. Following injection, the common carotid artery (CCA) can be ligated, which limits the number of intracarotid injections to one. The alternative procedure described in this article includes a modification where intracarotid artery injection is followed by injection site repair of the CCA, which restores blood flow within the CCA and avoids the complication of cerebral ischemia seen in some mouse models. We also compared the delivery of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (BM-hMSCs) to intracranial tumors when delivered through intracarotid injection with and without injection site repair following the injection. Delivery of BM-hMSCs does not differ significantly between the methods. Our results demonstrate that injection site repair of the CCA allows for repeat injections through the same artery and does not impair the delivery and distribution of injected material, thus providing a model with greater flexibility that more closely emulates intracarotid injection in humans."
7787,brain tumour,38556922,Deceptive learning in histopathology.,"Deep learning holds immense potential for histopathology, automating tasks that are simple for expert pathologists and revealing novel biology for tasks that were previously considered difficult or impossible to solve by eye alone. However, the extent to which the visual strategies learned by deep learning models in histopathological analysis are trustworthy or not has yet to be systematically analysed. Here, we systematically evaluate deep neural networks (DNNs) trained for histopathological analysis in order to understand if their learned strategies are trustworthy or deceptive."
7788,brain tumour,38556768,Folic Acid-Conjugated Brush Polymers Show Enhanced Blood-Brain Barrier Crossing in Static and Dynamic ,"Over the past decades, evidence has consistently shown that treatment of central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and brain cancer, is limited due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To assist with the development of new therapeutics, it is crucial to engineer a drug delivery system that can cross the BBB efficiently and reach target cells within the brain. In this study, we present a potentially efficient strategy for targeted brain delivery through utilization of folic acid (FA)-conjugated brush polymers, that specifically target the reduced folate carrier (RFC, SLC19A1) expressed on brain endothelial cells. Here, azide (N"
7789,brain tumour,38556567,"EZH2 Promotes Glioma Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration via Mir-142-3p/KCNQ1OT1/HMGB3 Axis : Running Title: EZH2 Promotes Glioma cell Malignant Behaviors.","This study investigates the role and molecular mechanism of EZH2 in glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. EZH2, miR-142-3p, lncRNA KCNQ1OT1, LIN28B, and HMGB3 expressions in glioma tissues and cells were determined using qRT-PCR or Western blot, followed by CCK-8 assay detection of cell viability, Transwell detection of invasion and migration, ChIP analysis of the enrichment of EZH2 and H3K27me3 on miR-142-3p promoter, dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP validation of the binding of miR-142-3p-KCNQ1OT1 and KCNQ1OT1-LIN28B, and actinomycin D detection of KCNQ1OT1 and HMGB3 mRNA stability. A nude mouse xenograft model and a lung metastasis model were established. EZH2, KCNQ1OT1, LIN28B, and HMGB3 were highly expressed while miR-142-3p was poorly expressed in gliomas. EZH2 silencing restrained glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. EZH2 repressed miR-142-3p expression by elevating the H3K27me3 level. miR-142-3p targeted KCNQ1OT1 expression, and KCNQ1OT1 bound to LIN28B to stabilize HMGB3 mRNA, thereby promoting its protein expression. EZH2 silencing depressed tumor growth and metastasis in nude mice via the miR-142-3p/KCNQ1OT1/HMGB3 axis. In conclusion, EZH2 curbed miR-142-3p expression, thereby relieving the inhibition of KCNQ1OT1 expression by miR-142-3p, enhancing the binding of KCNQ1OT1 to LIN28B, elevating HMGB3 expression, and ultimately accelerating glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration."
7790,brain tumour,38556480,Prediction of cognitive decline in older breast cancer survivors: the Thinking and Living with Cancer study.,"Cancer survivors commonly report cognitive declines after cancer therapy. Due to the complex etiology of cancer-related cognitive decline (CRCD), predicting who will be at risk of CRCD remains a clinical challenge. We developed a model to predict breast cancer survivors who would experience CRCD after systematic treatment."
7791,brain tumour,38556451,Establishment of an orthotopic glioblastoma mouse model for preclinical studies.,"Glioblastoma accounts almost 50% of all brain cancers, being the most common and lethal brain tumor in adults. Despite the current standard gold treatment based on surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, other treatment strategies are needed. Different in vitro models are currently used, including commercial cell lines, patient-derived cell lines, organoids, as well as in vivo models, being orthotopic xenografts the most used ones. In this chapter, we describe a standard protocol for the intracranial inoculation of glioblastoma cells in immunodeficient mice, and how to follow up the tumor progression and analyze the data."
7792,brain tumour,38556172,Long-term survival in patients with brain-only metastatic non-small cell lung cancer undergoing upfront intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery and definitive treatment to the thoracic primary site.,To evaluate modern clinical outcomes for patients with brain-only metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with or without definitive treatment of the primary site.
7793,brain tumour,38556129,Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma of the eye: Literature review and new findings.,"Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is an extremely rare, aggressive, multi-system disease that can affect the eye. We describe the ophthalmic presentation, multimodal imaging and treatment response of uveal IVLBCL."
7794,brain tumour,38556105,Deubiquitinase USP4 suppresses antitumor immunity by inhibiting IRF3 activation and tumor cell-intrinsic interferon response in colorectal cancer.,"Despite the approval of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy for various tumor types, its effectiveness is limited to only approximately 15% of patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC). Approximately 80%-85% of CRC patients have a microsatellite stability (MSS) phenotype, which features a rare T-cell infiltration. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms underlying resistance to ICB in patients with MSS CRC is imperative. In this study, we demonstrate that ubiquitin-specific peptidase 4 (USP4) is upregulated in MSS CRC tumors and negatively regulates the immune response against tumors in CRC. Additionally, USP4 represses the cellular interferon (IFN) response and antigen presentation and impairs PRR signaling-mediated cell death. Mechanistically, USP4 impedes the nuclear localization of interferon regulator Factor 3 (IRF3) by deubiquitinating the K63-polyubiquitin chain of TRAF6 and IRF3. Knockdown of USP4 enhances the infiltration of T cells in CRC tumors and overcomes ICB resistance in an MC38 syngeneic mouse model. Moreover, published datasets revealed that patients showing higher USP4 expression exhibited decreased responsiveness to anti-PD-L1 therapy. These findings highlight an essential role of USP4 in the suppression of antitumor immunity in CRC."
7795,brain tumour,38555997,Antibody Conjugated Nano-Enabled Drug Delivery Systems Against Brain Tumors.,"The use of antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for brain tumor treatment has gained significant attention in recent years. Nanoparticles functionalized with anti-transferrin receptor antibodies have shown promising results in facilitating nanoparticle uptake by endothelial cells of brain capillaries and post-capillary venules. This approach offers a potential alternative to the direct conjugation of biologics to antibodies. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated the potential of antibody-conjugated nanoparticles in targeting brain tumors, as evidenced by the specific binding of these nanoparticles to brain cancer cells. Additionally, the development of targeted nanoparticles designed to transcytoses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to deliver small molecule drugs and therapeutic antibodies to brain metastases holds promise for brain tumor treatment. While the use of nanoparticles as a delivery method for brain cancer treatment has faced challenges, including the successful delivery of nanoparticles to malignant brain tumors due to the presence of the BBB and infiltrating cancer cells in the normal brain, recent advancements in nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery systems have shown potential for enhancing the efficacy of brain cancer therapy. Moreover, the development of brain-penetrating nanoparticles capable of distributing over clinically relevant volumes when administered via convection-enhanced delivery presents a promising strategy for improving drug delivery to brain tumors. In conclusion, the use of antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for brain tumor treatment shows great promise in overcoming the challenges associated with drug delivery to the brain. By leveraging the specific targeting capabilities of these nanoparticles, researchers are making significant strides in developing effective and targeted therapies for brain tumors."
7796,brain tumour,38555602,Prognostic analysis of sex and age in hepatocellular carcinoma: a SEER study.,This study aimed to explore the impact of sex on clinical features and survival among hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.
7797,brain tumour,38555449,Focused ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening is safe and feasible with moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy for brainstem diffuse midline glioma.,"Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a pediatric tumor with dismal prognosis. Systemic strategies have been unsuccessful and radiotherapy (RT) remains the standard-of-care. A central impediment to treatment is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which precludes drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). Focused ultrasound (FUS) with microbubbles can transiently and non-invasively disrupt the BBB to enhance drug delivery. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of brainstem FUS in combination with clinical doses of RT. We hypothesized that FUS-mediated BBB-opening (BBBO) is safe and feasible with 39 Gy RT."
7798,brain tumour,38555345,"Design, synthesis and bioactivity study on oxygen-heterocyclic-based pyran analogues as effective P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in MCF-7/ADR cell.","P-glycoprotein (P-gp) imparts multi-drug resistance (MDR) on the cancers cell and malignant tumor clinical therapeutics. We report a class of newly designed and synthesized oxygen-heterocyclic-based pyran analogues (4a-l) bearing different aryl/hetaryl-substituted at the 1-postion were synthesized, aiming to impede the P-gp function. These compounds (4a-l) have been tested against cancerous PC-3, SKOV-3, HeLa, and MCF-7/ADR cell lines as well as non-cancerous HFL-1 and WI-38 cell lines to determine their anti-proliferative potency.The findings demonstrated the superior potency of 4a-c with 4-F, 2-Cl, and 3-Cl derivatives and 4h,g with 4-NO"
7799,brain tumour,38555224,"Response to correspondence on ""Glioma is associated with exposure to legacy and alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances"".",No abstract found
7800,brain tumour,38555077,Bone metastases in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A real-world retrospective study based on the SEER database.,Bone metastases are rare in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). It has not been defined on the risk and prognosis of OSCC patients with bone metastases. The purpose of this study was to assess the factors associated with the development and prognosis of bone metastases among OSCC patients.
7801,brain tumour,38555064,Motor or non-motor speech interference? A multimodal fMRI and direct cortical stimulation mapping study.,"We retrospectively analyzed data from 15 patients, with a normal pre-operative cognitive performance, undergoing awake surgery for left fronto-temporal low-grade glioma. We combined a pre-surgical measure (fMRI maps of motor- and language-related centers) with intra-surgical measures (MNI-registered cortical sites data obtained during intra-operative direct electrical stimulation, DES, while they performed the two most common language tasks: number counting and picture naming). Selective DES effects along the precentral gyrus/inferior frontal gyrus (and/or the connected speech articulation network) were obtained. DES of the precentral gyrus evoked the motor speech arrest, i.e., anarthria (with apparent mentalis muscle movements). We calculated the number of shared voxels between the lip-tongue and overt counting related- and silent naming-related fMRI maps and the Volumes of Interest (VOIs) obtained by merging together the MNI sites at which a given speech disturbance was observed, normalized on their mean the values (i.e., Z score). Both tongue- and lips-related movements fMRI maps maximally overlapped (Z = 1.05 and Z = 0.94 for lips and tongue vs. 0.16 and -1.003 for counting and naming) with the motor speech arrest seed. DES of the inferior frontal gyrus, pars opercularis and the rolandic operculum induced speech arrest proper (without apparent mentalis muscle movements). This area maximally overlapped with overt counting-related fMRI map (Z = -0.11 and Z = 0.09 for lips and tongue vs. 0.9 and 0.0006 for counting and naming). Interestingly, our fMRI maps indicated reduced Broca's area activity during silent speech compared to overt speech. Lastly, DES of the inferior frontal gyrus, pars opercularis and triangularis evoked variations of the output, i.e., dysarthria, a motor speech disorder occurring when patients cannot control the muscles used to produce articulated sounds (phonemes). Silent object naming-related fMRI map maximally overlapped (Z = -0.93 and Z = -1.04 for lips and tongue vs. -1.07 and 0.99 for counting and naming) with this seed. Speech disturbances evoked by DES may be thought of as selective interferences with specific recruitment of left inferior frontal gyrus and precentral cortex which are differentiable in terms of the specific interference induced."
7802,brain tumour,38555024,Oncogenic extrachromosomal DNA identification using whole-genome sequencing from formalin-fixed glioblastomas.,No abstract found
7803,brain tumour,38554546,A pragmatic guide for management of adverse events associated with lorlatinib.,"Lorlatinib is a brain-penetrant, third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) indicated for the treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In clinical trials, lorlatinib has shown durable efficacy and a manageable safety profile in treatment-naive patients and in those who have experienced progression while receiving first- and/or second-generation ALK TKIs. Lorlatinib has a distinct safety profile from other ALK TKIs, including hyperlipidemia and central nervous system effects. Clinical trial data showed that most adverse events (AEs) can be managed effectively or reversed with dose modifications (such as dose interruptions or reductions) or with concomitant medications without compromising clinical efficacy or quality of life for patients. A pragmatic approach to managing AEs related to lorlatinib is required. We present patient-focused recommendations for the evaluation and management of select AEs associated with lorlatinib developed by clinicians and nurses with extensive lorlatinib expertise in routine clinical practice. The recommendations follow the general framework of ""prepare, monitor, manage, reassess"" to streamline AE management and assist in practical, actionable, and personalized patient care."
7804,brain tumour,38554542,Prognostic stratification ability of the CPS+EG scoring system in HER2-low and HER2-zero early breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.,"The CPS+EG scoring system was initially described in unselected early breast cancer (eBC) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), leading to refined prognostic stratification, and thus helping to select patients for additional post-NAC treatments. It remains unknown whether the performance is the same in new biological breast cancer entities such as the HER2-low subtype."
7805,brain tumour,38554375,Pituitary gland metastasis of breast cancer presenting as diabetes insipidus: A case report.,"Metastasis to pituitary gland is a rare condition, and patients are usually asymptomatic. Diabetes insipidus (DI) is the most common presenting symptom, and breast cancer is the most common source of pituitary metastasis (PM). We report a case of PM of breast cancer presenting as DI. A 45-year-old female patient presented to our department with complaints of polyuria and polydipsia. She had a medical history of metastatic breast adenocarcinoma. Laboratory data showed normal fasting plasma glucose level and hypotonic urine. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed infiltration of the pituitary stalk and the absence of the posterior pituitary bright spot consistent with metastasis to the pituitary gland. The water deprivation and vasopressin challenge tests confirmed central DI. Pituitary function tests revealed disconnection hyperprolactinemia with a menopausal profile. The patient was treated with vasopressin with great clinical results. Pituitary metastases are rare but should be suspected in patients with metastatic cancer who present with DI."
7806,brain tumour,38554364,Intracranial ependymoma with extremely rare extraneural metastasis.,"Ependymomas account for 1-8% of overall brain tumors. They are most common at the age of 3-4 years. Their metastasis is very rare, and extraneural metastasis is even more unusual. In this report, the ependymoma localized in the posterior fossa with metastasis into femoral diaphysis in a 27-year-old male patient, who was treated in 2001, is presented. As we did not have any other cases of patients having a brain and spinal tumor with extraneural metastases even after 21 years, until 2022, this case was found worthy of being presented. When the literature was examined, it was observed that there is still no standard treatment after surgery for ependymomas and their metastasis. Due to their rarity, the general treatment of extraneural metastasis of ependymomas is also under discussion. It is recommended that clinicians consider admitting patients with rare or hard-to-treat tumors to ongoing clinical trials."
7807,brain tumour,38554330,A comparative study of whole brain radiotherapy with concomitant thalidomide versus whole brain radiotherapy alone in brain metastases.,Brain metastasis increases morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. This study was undertaken to compare tumor response and treatment-related toxicities in patients treated with orally administered thalidomide concomitantly with whole brain radiotherapy to whole brain radiotherapy alone in brain metastases.
7808,brain tumour,38554327,Clinical and histopathological spectrum of cranial small round cell tumors: An experience from a tertiary care center.,"Small round cell tumors (SRCTs) are a group of malignant neoplasms with minimal or no differentiation, characterized by the presence of round cells with high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. Although SRCTs can occur in any part of the body, involvement of central nervous system (CNS) is uncommon."
7809,brain tumour,38554307,Clinical diagnosis and management of multiple cerebral ring-enhancing lesions-study of 50 patients at a tertiary healthcare center.,"Multiple ring-enhancing lesions are commonly experienced group of brain pathologies which we come across in day-to-day practice. Clinical symptoms in these lesions are quite non-specific, and hence, it is difficult to reach a final diagnosis. However, these lesions have a varied group of differential diagnosis and it is sometimes difficult to have an accurate diagnosis on conventional MRI. This article was written with the objective of discussing the demographical study and etiology, clinical diagnosis and management for these patients."
7810,brain tumour,38554305,Outcomes of the patients with metastatic male breast cancer.,The goal of this research is to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of men with metastatic breast cancer (mMBC).
7811,brain tumour,38554294,The association between calreticulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 expressions with prognostic factors in high-grade gliomas.,"The aim of this study is to present the expressions of Calreticulin (CALR) and Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in high-grade gliomas and to further show the relation between the levels of these molecules and Ki-67 index, presence of Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-1 mutation, and tumor grade."
7812,brain tumour,38554268,Occult Lung Cancer-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis Presenting as Acute Psychosis.,"During deployment, a 52-year-old male developed acute behavioral changes. Though initially considered to have PTSD and related agitation and confusional state, his evaluation was consistent with acute encephalopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed T2 hyperintensities, and CSF analysis was positive for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibody. A nuclear protein in testis carcinoma midline carcinoma was discovered in the lung. Immunotherapy and surgical resection led to steady improvement prior to adjuvant chemotherapy. Autoimmune encephalitis due to anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies is increasingly being recognized as causal of acute behavioral change."
7813,brain tumour,38554116,Super-enhancer-driven LIF promotes the mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma by activating ITGB2 signaling feedback in microglia.,"The mesenchymal (MES) subtype of glioblastoma (GBM) is believed to be influenced by both cancer cell-intrinsic alterations and extrinsic cellular interactions, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored."
7814,brain tumour,38554031,The oncolytic adenovirus Delta-24-RGD in combination with ONC201 induces a potent antitumor response in pediatric high-grade and diffuse midline glioma models.,"Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs), including diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs), are aggressive pediatric tumors with one of the poorest prognoses. Delta-24-RGD and ONC201 have shown promising efficacy as single agents for these tumors. However, the combination of both agents has not been evaluated."
7815,brain tumour,38553990,[Ga68] DOTATATE PET/MRI-guided radiosurgical treatment planning and response assessment in meningiomas.,Our purpose was to determine the utility of [68Ga]-DOTATATE PET/MRI in meningioma response assessment following radiosurgery.
7816,brain tumour,38553733,Post molar choriocarcinoma with solitary renal metastasis in the absence of primary uterine tumor: a case report and review of the literature.,"Choriocarcinoma is a rare and highly malignant form of gestational trophoblastic disease that may develop following pregnancy, abortion, or a hydatiform mole. Renal metastatic involvement by post molar choriocarcinoma is even rarer. In this case report, we describe a unique case of post molar choriocarcinoma with a solitary renal metastasis in the absence of a primary uterine tumor and metastases in other sites, which presented with urological symptoms and spontaneous renal hemorrhage."
7817,brain tumour,38553702,Factors associated with overall survival in breast cancer patients with leptomeningeal disease (LMD): a single institutional retrospective review.,"Breast cancer-related leptomeningeal disease (BC-LMD) is a dire diagnosis for 5-8% of patients with breast cancer (BC). We conducted a retrospective review of BC-LMD patients diagnosed at Moffitt Cancer Center from 2011 to 2020, to determine the changing incidence of BC-LMD, factors which are associated with the progression of BC CNS metastasis to BC-LMD, and factors which are associated with OS for patients with BC-LMD."
7818,brain tumour,38553638,Generation of glioblastoma in mice engrafted with human cytomegalovirus-infected astrocytes.,"Mounting evidence is identifying human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) as a potential oncogenic virus. HCMV has been detected in glioblastoma multiforme (GB). Herewith, we present the first experimental evidence for the generation of CMV-Elicited Glioblastoma Cells (CEGBCs) possessing glioblastoma-like traits that lead to the formation of glioblastoma in orthotopically xenografted mice. In addition to the already reported oncogenic HCMV-DB strain, we isolated three HCMV clinical strains from GB tissues that transformed HAs toward CEGBCs and generated spheroids from CEGBCs that resulted in the appearance of glioblastoma-like tumors in xenografted mice. These tumors were nestin-positive mostly in the invasive part surrounded by GFAP-positive reactive astrocytes. The glioblastoma immunohistochemistry phenotype was confirmed by EGFR and cMet gene amplification in the tumor parallel to the detection of HCMV IE and UL69 genes and proteins. Our results fit with an HCMV-induced glioblastoma model of oncogenesis in vivo which will open the door to new therapeutic approaches and assess the anti-HCMV treatment as well as immunotherapy in fighting GB which is characterized by poor prognosis."
7819,brain tumour,38553633,"Artificial intelligence in neuro-oncology: advances and challenges in brain tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and precision treatment.","This review delves into the most recent advancements in applying artificial intelligence (AI) within neuro-oncology, specifically emphasizing work on gliomas, a class of brain tumors that represent a significant global health issue. AI has brought transformative innovations to brain tumor management, utilizing imaging, histopathological, and genomic tools for efficient detection, categorization, outcome prediction, and treatment planning. Assessing its influence across all facets of malignant brain tumor management- diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy- AI models outperform human evaluations in terms of accuracy and specificity. Their ability to discern molecular aspects from imaging may reduce reliance on invasive diagnostics and may accelerate the time to molecular diagnoses. The review covers AI techniques, from classical machine learning to deep learning, highlighting current applications and challenges. Promising directions for future research include multimodal data integration, generative AI, large medical language models, precise tumor delineation and characterization, and addressing racial and gender disparities. Adaptive personalized treatment strategies are also emphasized for optimizing clinical outcomes. Ethical, legal, and social implications are discussed, advocating for transparency and fairness in AI integration for neuro-oncology and providing a holistic understanding of its transformative impact on patient care."
7820,brain tumour,38553549,PCSK5 downregulation promotes the inhibitory effect of andrographolide on glioblastoma through regulating STAT3.,"Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 (PCSK5) is a member of the proprotein convertase (PC) family, which processes immature proteins into functional proteins and plays an important role in the process of cell migration and transformation. Andrographolide is a non-peptide compound with PC inhibition and antitumor activity. Our research aimed to investigate the functional role of PCSK5 downregulation combined with Andro on GBM progression. Results from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and clinical samples revealed a significant upregulation of PCSK5 in GBM tissues than in non-tumor brain tissues. Higher expression of PCSK5 was correlated with advanced GBM stages and worse patient prognosis. PCSK5 knockdown attenuated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like properties of GBM cells induced by IL-6. PCSK5 knockdown in combination with Andro treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of GBM cells in vitro, as well as tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, PCSK5 downregulation reduced the expression of p-STAT3 and Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which could be rescued by the p-STAT3 agonist. STAT3 silencing downregulated the expression of MMPs without affecting PCSK5. Furthermore, Andro in combination with PCSK5 silencing significantly inhibited STAT3/MMPs axis. These observations provided evidence that PCSK5 functioned as a potential tumor promoter by regulating p-STAT3/MMPs and the combination of Andro with PCSK5 silencing might be a good strategy to prevent GBM progression."
7821,brain tumour,38553479,Identification and validation of a metabolism-related gene signature for predicting the prognosis of paediatric medulloblastoma.,"Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant brain tumour that is highly common in children and has a tendency to spread to the brain and spinal cord. MB is thought to be a metabolically driven brain tumour. Understanding tumour cell metabolic patterns and characteristics can provide a promising foundation for understanding MB pathogenesis and developing treatments. Here, by analysing RNA-seq data of MB samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, 12 differentially expressed metabolic-related genes (DE-MRGs) were chosen for the construction of a predictive risk score model for MB. This model demonstrated outstanding accuracy in predicting the outcomes of MB patients and served as a standalone predictor. An evaluation of functional enrichment revealed that the risk score showed enrichment in pathways related to cancer promotion and the immune response. In addition, a high risk score was an independent poor prognostic factor for MB in patients with different ages, sexes, metastasis stages and subgroups (SHH and Group 4). Consistently, the metabolic enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1) was upregulated in MB patients with poor survival time. Inhibition of ODC1 in primary and metastatic MB cell lines decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion but increased immune infiltration. This study could aid in identifying metabolic targets for MB as well as optimizing risk stratification systems and individual treatment plans for MB patients via the use of a metabolism-related gene prognostic risk score signature."
7822,brain tumour,38553362,Volumetric Response and Survival of Patients With Bulky IDH-Mutated Grade 3 Glioma Managed With FET-FDG-Guided Integrated Boost IMRT.,"Despite relatively favourable outcomes associated with IDH-mutant grade 3 gliomas, many patients present with diffuse non-enhancing disease involving multiple brain regions, prompting concern over both durable disease control and the morbidity associated with large volume radiation therapy. This study audits volumetric response, survival and functional outcomes in this 'large volume' subgroup that undergoes intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)."
7823,brain tumour,38552787,Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery for the Resection of Pituitary Adenomas: A Prime Candidate for a Shortened Length of Stay Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocol? A Systematic Review.,"Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a perioperative model of care aimed at optimizing postoperative rehabilitation and reducing hospital length of stay (LOS). Decreasing LOS avoids hospital-acquired complications, reduces cost of care, and improves patient satisfaction. Given the lack of ERAS protocols for endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) resection of pituitary adenomas, a systematic review of EETS was performed to compile patient outcomes and analyze factors that may lead to increased LOS, reoperation, and readmission rates with the intention to contribute to the development of a successful ERAS protocol for EETS."
7824,brain tumour,38552658,Clinical and biological landscape of constitutional mismatch-repair deficiency syndrome: an International Replication Repair Deficiency Consortium cohort study.,"Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) syndrome is a rare and aggressive cancer predisposition syndrome. Because a scarcity of data on this condition contributes to management challenges and poor outcomes, we aimed to describe the clinical spectrum, cancer biology, and impact of genetics on patient survival in CMMRD."
7825,brain tumour,38552622,Real-time glioblastoma tumor microenvironment assessment by SpiderMass for improved patient management.,"Glioblastoma is a highly heterogeneous and infiltrative form of brain cancer associated with a poor outcome and limited therapeutic effectiveness. The extent of the surgery is related to survival. Reaching an accurate diagnosis and prognosis assessment by the time of the initial surgery is therefore paramount in the management of glioblastoma. To this end, we are studying the performance of SpiderMass, an ambient ionization mass spectrometry technology that can be used in vivo without invasiveness, coupled to our recently established artificial intelligence pipeline. We demonstrate that we can both stratify isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild-type glioblastoma patients into molecular sub-groups and achieve an accurate diagnosis with over 90% accuracy after cross-validation. Interestingly, the developed method offers the same accuracy for prognosis. In addition, we are testing the potential of an immunoscoring strategy based on SpiderMass fingerprints, showing the association between prognosis and immune cell infiltration, to predict patient outcome."
7826,brain tumour,38552396,"Unsolved relationship between PFAS exposure and glioma incidence: Comments on ""Glioma is associated with exposure to legacy and alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances"".",No abstract found
7827,brain tumour,38552362,Distinguishing EGFR mutation molecular subtypes based on MRI radiomics features of lung adenocarcinoma brain metastases.,To explore the feasibility of identifying epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation molecular subtypes in primary lesions based on the radiomics features of lung adenocarcinoma brain metastases using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
7828,brain tumour,38552239,Molecularly targeted protease-activated probes for visualization of glioblastoma: a comparison with 5-ALA.,"The highly infiltrative growth of glioblastoma (GBM) makes distinction between the tumor and normal brain tissue challenging. Therefore, fluorescence-guided surgery is often used to improve visual identification of radiological tumor margins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of recently developed molecularly targeted near-infrared (NIR) protease-activated probes to visualize GBM tissue and to compare the most promising candidate with the gold standard, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)."
7829,brain tumour,38552238,Association of frequent NF2 mutations with spinal location predominance and worse outcomes in psammomatous meningiomas.,"Psammomatous meningiomas (PMs) are a rare histological subtype of meningioma but are rather frequent in spinal meningiomas. The authors aimed to analyze the incidence, clinical features, molecular alterations, long-term outcomes, and prognostic factors of PMs."
7830,brain tumour,38552237,"Adaptive, behavioral, and emotional outcomes following postoperative pediatric cerebellar mutism syndrome in survivors treated for medulloblastoma.","Patients who experience postoperative pediatric cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS) during treatment for medulloblastoma have long-term deficits in neurocognitive functioning; however, the consequences on functional or adaptive outcomes are unknown. The purpose of the present study was to compare adaptive, behavioral, and emotional functioning between survivors with and those without a history of CMS."
7831,brain tumour,38552216,Potential value of expression of receptor accessory protein 4 for evaluating the prognosis of lower-grade glioma patients.,"REEP4 is involved in the regulation of the biological process of mitosis. Lower grade glioma (LGG), as a malignant tumor, is accompanied by abnormalities in mitosis, but there have been no reports of REEP4 so far."
7832,brain tumour,38551975,Biochemical properties and biological potential of Syzygium heyneanum with antiparkinson's activity in paraquat induced rodent model.,"Syzygium heyneanum is a valuable source of flavonoids and phenols, known for their antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. This research aimed to explore the potential of Syzygium heyneanum ethanol extract (SHE) in countering Parkinson's disease. The presence of phenols and flavonoids results in SHE displaying an IC50 value of 42.13 when assessed in the DPPH scavenging assay. Rats' vital organs (lungs, heart, spleen, liver, and kidney) histopathology reveals little or almost no harmful effect. The study hypothesized that SHE possesses antioxidants that could mitigate Parkinson's symptoms by influencing α-synuclein, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), TNF-α, and IL-1β. Both in silico and in vivo investigations were conducted. The Parkinson's rat model was established using paraquat (1 mg/kg, i.p.), with rats divided into control, disease control, standard, and SHE-treated groups (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg) for 21 days. According to the ELISA statistics, the SHE treated group had lowers levels of IL-6 and TNF-α than the disease control group, which is a sign of neuroprotection. Behavioral and biochemical assessments were performed, alongside mRNA expression analyses using RT-PCR to assess SHE's impact on α-synuclein, AChE, TNF-α, and interleukins in brain homogenates. Behavioral observations demonstrated dose-dependent improvements in rats treated with SHE (600 > 300 > 150 mg/kg). Antioxidant enzyme levels (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione) were significantly restored, particularly at a high dose, with notable reduction in malondialdehyde. The high dose of SHE notably lowered acetylcholinesterase levels. qRT-PCR results indicated reduced mRNA expression of IL-1β, α-synuclein, TNF-α, and AChE in SHE-treated groups compared to disease controls, suggesting neuroprotection. In conclusion, this study highlights Syzygium heyneanum potential to alleviate Parkinson's disease symptoms through its antioxidant and modulatory effects on relevant biomarkers."
7833,brain tumour,38551797,Lactate Protects Microglia and Neurons from Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation.,"Lactate has received attention as a potential therapeutic intervention for brain diseases, particularly those including energy deficit, exacerbated inflammation, and disrupted redox status, such as cerebral ischemia. However, lactate roles in metabolic or signaling pathways in neural cells remain elusive in the hypoxic and ischemic contexts. Here, we tested the effects of lactate on the survival of a microglial (BV-2) and a neuronal (SH-SY5Y) cell lines during oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) or OGD followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R). Lactate signaling was studied by using 3,5-DHBA, an exogenous agonist of lactate receptor GPR81. Inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or monocarboxylate transporters (MCT), using oxamate or 4-CIN, respectively, was performed to evaluate the impact of lactate metabolization and transport on cell viability. The OGD lasted 6 h and the reoxygenation lasted 24 h following OGD (OGD/R). Cell viability, extracellular lactate concentrations, microglial intracellular pH and TNF-ɑ release, and neurite elongation were evaluated. Lactate or 3,5-DHBA treatment during OGD increased microglial survival during reoxygenation. Inhibition of lactate metabolism and transport impaired microglial and neuronal viability. OGD led to intracellular acidification in BV-2 cells, and reoxygenation increased the release of TNF-ɑ, which was reverted by lactate and 3,5-DHBA treatment. Our results suggest that lactate plays a dual role in OGD, acting as a metabolic and a signaling molecule in BV-2 and SH-SY5Y cells. Lactate metabolism and transport are vital for cell survival during OGD. Moreover, lactate treatment and GPR81 activation during OGD promote long-term adaptations that potentially protect cells against secondary cell death during reoxygenation."
7834,brain tumour,38551764,In vivo evaluation of tumor uptake and bio-distribution of 99mTc-labeled 1-thio-β-D-glucose and 5-thio-D-glucose in mice model.,To investigate the capacity of 
7835,brain tumour,38551747,Hypofractionated re-irradiation with bevacizumab for relapsed chemorefractory glioblastoma after prior high dose radiotherapy: a feasible option for patients with large-volume relapse.,"There remains no standard of care for patients with recurrent and chemorefractory glioblastoma. Re-irradiation (reRT) provides an additional management option. However, published series predominantly focus on small reRT volumes utilizing stereotactic hypofractionated regimens. Concerns regarding toxicity have limited utilisation of reRT for larger recurrences, however this may be mitigated with use of bevacizumab (BEV)."
7836,brain tumour,38551501,GD2-Targeting CAR T-cell Therapy for Patients with GD2+ Medulloblastoma.,"Medulloblastoma (MB), the most common childhood malignant brain tumor, has a poor prognosis in about 30% of patients. The current standard of care, which includes surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, is often responsible for cognitive, neurologic, and endocrine side effects. We investigated whether chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells directed toward the disialoganglioside GD2 can represent a potentially more effective treatment with reduced long-term side effects."
7837,brain tumour,38551406,,Purpose To compare quantitative measures of tumor metabolism and perfusion using fluorine 18 (
7838,brain tumour,38551382,Hypertonic Saline Solution Versus Mannitol for Brain Relaxation During Craniotomies: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis.,"The preferred osmotic agent used for brain relaxation during craniotomies remains unclear, either mannitol (MAN) or hypertonic saline (HTS). Hence, we sought to compare these solutions in this population."
7839,brain tumour,38551356,Role of Copeptin in Predicting Postoperative Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Pituitary Adenoma Surgery.,"Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is an important hormone responsible for maintaining sodium homeostasis after pituitary surgery. The measurement of AVP levels is difficult because of its short half-life (t 1/2 ). Copeptin is a preprohormone of AVP, and it is a more stable peptide, which can be used as surrogate marker for AVP. This study aims to assess the role of copeptin as a predictor of postoperative hyponatremia and hypernatremia in patients undergoing endoscopic pituitary adenoma surgery."
7840,brain tumour,38551352,"Microsurgical Resection of Brainstem Cavernous Malformations in Older Adults: A Multicenter, 30-Year Experience.","Microsurgical resection is the only curative intervention for symptomatic brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs), but the management of these lesions in older adults (≥65 years) is not well described. This study sought to address this gap by examining the safety and efficacy of BSCM resection in a cohort of older adults."
7841,brain tumour,38551160,YTHDF1 promotes the viability and self‑renewal of glioma stem cells by enhancing LINC00900 stability.,"YTHDF1, an N6‑methyladenosine (m6A)‑binding protein, is significantly upregulated in glioma tissues. The present study investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the regulatory effects of YTHDF1 on the viability, invasion and self‑renewal of glioma stem cells (GSCs). Glioma and normal brain tissues were collected, and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to measure the gene and protein expression levels, respectively. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation‑PCR was used to assess the m6A modification level of the target gene. Subsequently GSCs were induced, and YTHDF1 and LINC00900 gene regulation was carried out using lentiviral infection. The viability, invasion and self‑renewal of GSCs were assessed by Cell Counting Kit‑8, Transwell and sphere formation assays, respectively. Binding between YTHDF1 and LINC00900 was verified by RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull‑down assays. The targeted binding of microRNA (miR)‑1205 to the LINC00900/STAT3 3'‑UTR was verified using a luciferase reporter assay. The results revealed that YTHDF1 and LINC00900 expression levels were significantly upregulated in glioma tissues, and a high m6A modification level in LINC00900 transcripts was detected in glioma tissues. Overexpression of YTHDF1 promoted GSC viability, invasion and self‑renewal, whereas knockdown of YTHDF1 had the opposite effects. In addition, YTHDF1 maintained the stability of LINC00900 and upregulated its expression through binding to it, thereby promoting GSC viability, invasion and self‑renewal. Furthermore, LINC00900 promoted GSC viability, invasion, self‑renewal and tumor growth by regulating the miR‑1205/STAT3 axis. In conclusion, YTHDF1 promotes GSC viability and self‑renewal by regulating the LINC00900/miR‑1205/STAT3 axis."
7842,brain tumour,38550961,External validation of the Brain Tumour Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS) in the multidisciplinary managementof post-treatment gliomas.,To independently and externally validate the Brain Tumour Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS) for post-treatment gliomas and assess interobserver variability.
7843,brain tumour,38550741,Epidermoid cyst of the craniovertebral junction-A case report.,An epidermoid cyst is a benign tumor in many locations. The symptoms of an epidermoid cyst depend on its location. The brain or spine MRI can confirm the lesion. Removing total decompression is the first choice in treatment with a symptomatic cyst.
7844,brain tumour,38550442,Meningioma of the Fourth Ventricle of the Brain: A Case Report.,"Meningiomas constitute a significant proportion of primary intracranial tumors; however, their occurrence within the brain's ventricles is exceptionally uncommon. This report details the case of a 24-year-old man who presented with six months of diplopia. Diagnostic imaging revealed a mass in the fourth ventricle, causing obstructive hydrocephalus. The patient underwent a lateral ventricular puncture for drainage, followed by surgical removal of the tumor. Histopathological examination identified the mass as a fibrous World Health Organization grade 1 meningioma. Symptoms were significantly relieved after surgery, and follow-up imaging results after three months showed that the patient had recovered well from surgery, with no residual lesions and no recurrence of the tumor. Intraventricular meningiomas often pose diagnostic challenges because of their resemblance to more prevalent intracranial lesions on imaging studies such as choroid plexus papillomas. This case underscores the critical role of histopathological analysis in establishing a definitive diagnosis. Surgical excision is the primary treatment strategy for intraventricular meningiomas, generally resulting in positive outcomes."
7845,brain tumour,38550394,Preclinical evaluation of protein synthesis inhibitor omacetaxine in pediatric brainstem gliomas.,"Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) pose a significant challenge as a highly aggressive and currently incurable form of pediatric brain cancer, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Omacetaxine, an FDA-approved protein synthesis inhibitor for treating certain hematological malignancies, was investigated for its potential antitumor effects against preclinical DIPG models."
7846,brain tumour,38550363,Pretreatment Spatially Aware Magnetic Resonance Imaging Radiomics Can Predict Distant Brain Metastases (DBMs) After Stereotactic Radiosurgery/Radiation Therapy (SRS/SRT).,"Stereotactic radiosurgery/radiation therapy (SRS/SRT) increasingly has been used to treat brain metastases. However, the development of distant brain metastases (DBMs) in the untreated brain remains a serious complication. We sought to develop a spatially aware radiomic signature to model the time-to-DBM development in a cohort of patients leveraging pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radiation therapy treatment planning data including radiation dose distribution maps."
7847,brain tumour,38549930,Case report: Turcot syndrome type 2 in a developing country within the Caribbean.,"Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor and has been linked to known cancer predisposition syndromes. We report a case of medulloblastoma of a 12-year-old Indo-Trinidadian female with a strong family history of colorectal carcinoma. In collaboration with the SickKids-Caribbean Initiative (SCI), her tumor was confirmed to be a WHO grade 4 medulloblastoma - Wnt subtype. Genetic testing further confirmed the presence of a pathogenic APC gene variant [c.3183_3187del (p.Gln1062*)] which led to a diagnosis of Turcot syndrome type 2. The index patient received multimodal therapy which included surgery, radiation and chemotherapy and is currently post end-of-treatment and in remission. This case report aims to highlight the complexity of diseases and the need for expertise in identifying them in low-and-middle income countries, the need for access to specialized testing and the benefits of collaborating between low-and-middle income and high-income countries when managing complex oncology patients."
7848,brain tumour,38549537,A Novel Perspective on PCSK9 in Alzheimer's Disease: A Focus on Amyloid Beta.,"The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) belongs to a member of the proprotein convertase (PC) family, which is mainly secreted by the liver and plays a central role in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, PCSK9 plays a multifunctional role in promoting the inflammatory response, inducing cell apoptosis and pyroptosis and affecting tumor homeostasis. The brain is the organ with the richest lipid content. Incidentally, PCSK9 increased in many brain diseases, including brain injury and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Consequently, the relationship between PCSK9 and brain diseases has attracted increasing research interest. Amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation is the central and initial event in the pathogenesis of AD. This study focuses on the effects of PCSK9 on Aβ accumulation in the brain via multiple modalities to explore the potential role of PCSK9 in AD, which is characterized by progressive loss of brain cells by increasing Aβ accumulation. The study also explores the new mechanism by which PCSK9 is involved in the pathogenesis of AD, providing interesting and innovative guidance for the future of PCSK9-targeted therapy for AD."
7849,brain tumour,38549528,"Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis, Human Papillomavirus, and microRNA.","Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (Anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a rare autoimmune disease, which is caused by antibodies attacking NMDA receptors in the brain. Previous studies revealed that this disorder might be induced by vaccination. Vaccination is the most useful strategy to prevent human or animal infectious diseases."
7850,brain tumour,38549416,[Primary tumors of the brain stem. State of the problem].,"Primary brainstem gliomas are still poorly studied in neurooncology. This concept includes tumors with different histological and genetic features, as well as variable clinical course and outcomes. Nevertheless, treatment implies radiotherapy without a clear idea of morphological substrate of disease in 80% of cases. Small number of studies and insufficient data on histological and genetic nature of brainstem tumors complicate clear diagnostic and treatment algorithms. This review provides current information regarding primary glial brainstem tumors. Appropriate problems and objectives are highlighted. The purpose of the review is to provide a comprehensive and updated understanding of the current state of brainstem glial tumors and to identify areas requiring further study for improvement of diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Brainstem tumors are an understudied problem with small amount of data that complicates optimal treatment strategies. Further researches and histological verification are required to develop new methods of therapy, especially for diffuse forms of neoplasms."
7851,brain tumour,38549412,[Supratentorial neuroepithelial tumor with PLAGL1 gene fusion - a new type of morphologically variable pediatric brain neoplasm defined by a distinct DNA methylation class. A case report and literature review].,Methylation analysis has become a powerful diagnostic tool in modern neurooncology. This technique is valuable to diagnose new brain tumor types.
7852,brain tumour,38549405,[Microsurgical ventriculostomy of the third ventricle with access through a burrhole in the treatment of midly located deep-seated brain tumors].,"Currently, endoscopic third ventriculostomy and simultaneous biopsy of deep midline brain tumors are a generally accepted option in neurooncology. Nevertheless, effectiveness of this surgery and diagnostic accuracy of biopsy are not without drawbacks. An alternative to endoscopic surgery may be simultaneous microsurgical third ventriculostomy and biopsy of deep midline tumors."
7853,brain tumour,38549381,Evidence-based clinical recommendations for hypofractionated radiotherapy: exploring efficacy and safety - Part 1. Brain and head and neck.,"Advances in radiotherapy (RT) techniques, including intensity-modulated RT and image-guided RT, have allowed hypofractionation, increasing the fraction size over the conventional dose of 1.8-2.0 Gy. Hypofractionation offers advantages such as shorter treatment times, improved compliance, and under specific conditions, particularly in tumors with a low α/β ratio, higher efficacy. It was initially explored for use in RT for prostate cancer and adjuvant RT for breast cancer, and its application has been extended to various other malignancies. Hypofractionated RT (HFRT) may also be effective in patients who are unable to undergo conventional treatment owing to poor performance status, comorbidities, or old age. The treatment of brain tumors with HFRT is relatively common because brain stereotactic radiosurgery has been performed for over two decades. However, re-irradiation of recurrent lesions and treatment of elderly or frail patients are areas under investigation. HFRT for head and neck cancer has not been widely used because of concerns regarding late toxicity. Thus, we aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of the current evidence for HFRT for brain tumors and head and neck cancer and to offer practical recommendations to clinicians faced with the challenge of choosing new treatment options."
7854,brain tumour,38549229,Application of prime editing system to introduce TP53 R248Q hotspot mutation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line.,"In childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), TP53 gene mutation is associated with chemoresistance in a certain population of relapsed cases. To directly verify the association of TP53 gene mutation with chemoresistance of relapsed childhood ALL cases and improve their prognosis, the development of appropriate human leukemia models having TP53 mutation in the intrinsic gene is required. Here, we sought to introduce R248Q hotspot mutation into the intrinsic TP53 gene in an ALL cell line, 697, by applying a prime editing (PE) system, which is a versatile genome editing technology. The PE2 system uses an artificial fusion of nickase Cas9 and reverse-transcriptase to directly place new genetic information into a target site through a reverse transcriptase template in the prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA). Moreover, in the advanced PE3b system, single guide RNA (sgRNA) matching the edited sequence is also introduced to improve editing efficiency. The initially obtained MDM2 inhibitor-resistant PE3b-transfected subline revealed disrupted p53 transactivation activity, reduced p53 target gene expression, and acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and irradiation. Although the majority of the subline acquired the designed R248Q and adjacent silent mutations, the insertion of the palindromic sequence in the scaffold hairpin structure of pegRNA and the overlap of the original genomic DNA sequence were frequently observed. Targeted next-generation sequencing reconfirmed frequent edit errors in both PE2 and PE3b-transfected 697 cells, and it revealed frequent successful edits in HEK293T cells. These observations suggest a requirement for further modification of the PE2 and PE3b systems for accurate editing in leukemic cells."
7855,brain tumour,38549142,Unusual presentation and delayed diagnosis of cardiac angiosarcoma.,"Primary cardiac angiosarcomas are very rare and present aggressively with high rates of metastasis. Given the poor prognosis, particularly once disease has spread, early diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment is essential."
7856,brain tumour,38548901,CRISPR/Cas9 targeting of passenger single nucleotide variants in haploinsufficient or essential genes expands cancer therapy prospects.,"CRISPR/Cas9 technology has effectively targeted cancer-specific oncogenic hotspot mutations or insertion-deletions. However, their limited prevalence in tumors restricts their application. We propose a novel approach targeting passenger single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in haploinsufficient or essential genes to broaden therapeutic options. By disrupting haploinsufficient or essential genes through the cleavage of DNA in the SNV region using CRISPR/Cas9, we achieved the selective elimination of cancer cells without affecting normal cells. We found that, on average, 44.8% of solid cancer patients are eligible for our approach, a substantial increase compared to the 14.4% of patients with CRISPR/Cas9-applicable oncogenic hotspot mutations. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we validated our strategy by targeting a passenger mutation in the essential ribosomal gene RRP9 and haploinsufficient gene SMG6. This demonstrates the potential of our strategy to selectively eliminate cancer cells and expand therapeutic opportunities."
7857,brain tumour,38548861,ELAVL2 loss promotes aggressive mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal primary brain cancer, exhibits intratumoral heterogeneity and molecular plasticity, posing challenges for effective treatment. Despite this, the regulatory mechanisms underlying such plasticity, particularly mesenchymal (MES) transition, remain poorly understood. In this study, we elucidate the role of the RNA-binding protein ELAVL2 in regulating aggressive MES transformation in GBM. We found that ELAVL2 is most frequently deleted in GBM compared to other cancers and associated with distinct clinical and molecular features. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that ELAVL2-mediated alterations correspond to specific GBM subtype signatures. Notably, ELAVL2 expression negatively correlated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes, and its loss promoted MES process and chemo-resistance in GBM cells, whereas ELAVL2 overexpression exerted the opposite effect. Further investigation via tissue microarray analysis demonstrated that high ELAVL2 protein expression confers a favorable survival outcome in GBM patients. Mechanistically, ELAVL2 was shown to directly bind to the transcripts of EMT-inhibitory molecules, SH3GL3 and DNM3, modulating their mRNA stability, potentially through an m6A-dependent mechanism. In summary, our findings identify ELAVL2 as a critical tumor suppressor and mRNA stabilizer that regulates MES transition in GBM, underscoring its role in transcriptomic plasticity and glioma progression."
7858,brain tumour,38548655,Utilizing the amide proton transfer technique to characterize diffuse gliomas based on the WHO 2021 classification of CNS tumors.,"Diffuse gliomas present a significant challenge for healthcare systems globally. While brain MRI plays a vital role in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring, accurately characterizing gliomas using conventional MRI techniques alone is challenging. In this study, we explored the potential of utilizing the amide proton transfer (APT) technique to predict tumor grade and type based on the WHO 2021 Classification of CNS Tumors."
7859,brain tumour,38548421,Methods behind oncolytic virus-based DC vaccines in cancer: Toward a multiphase combined treatment strategy for Glioblastoma (GBM) patients.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) remains an orphan cancer disease with poor outcome. Novel treatment strategies are needed. Immunotherapy has several modes of action. The addition of active specific immunotherapy with dendritic cell vaccines resulted in improved overall survival of patients. Integration of DC vaccination within the first-line combined treatment became a challenge, and immunogenic cell death immunotherapy during chemotherapy was introduced. We used a retrospective analysis using real world data to evaluate the complex combined treatment, which included individualized multimodal immunotherapy during and after standard of care, and which required adaptations during treatment, and found a further improvement of overall survival. We also discuss the use of real world data as evidence. Novel strategies to move the field of individualized multimodal immunotherapy forward for GBM patients are reviewed."
7860,brain tumour,38548420,Toward more accurate preclinical glioblastoma modeling: Reverse translation of clinical standard of care in a glioblastoma mouse model.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest of all brain cancers. GBM patients receive an intensive treatment schedule consisting of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which only modestly extends patient survival. Therefore, preclinical studies are testing novel experimental treatments. In such preclinical studies, these treatments are administered as monotherapy in the majority of cases; conversely, in patients the new treatments are always combined with the standard of care. Most likely, this difference contributes to the failure of clinical trials despite the successes of the preclinical studies. In this methodological study, we show in detail how to implement the full clinical standard of care in preclinical GBM research. Systematically testing new treatments, including cellular immunotherapies, in combination with the clinical standard of care can result in a better translation of preclinical results to the clinic and ultimately increase patient survival."
7861,brain tumour,38548408,Generation and quality control of mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells for immunotherapy.,"Dendritic cell vaccination is a form of active immunotherapy that aims to exploit the crucial role of DC in the initiation of T-cell responses. Numerous vaccination trials have been conducted targeting various tumor entities, including glioblastoma, the most frequent and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults. They have demonstrated feasibility and safety and suggest improved survival, associated with induction of anti-tumoral immunity. Here, we describe in detail a large-scale 2-step protocol for successive GMP-compliant generation of immature and mature dendritic cells, yielding a highly homogenous population of CD83"
7862,brain tumour,38548306,Introducing the American Society of Neuroradiology PET-Guided Diagnosis and Management in Neuro-Oncology Study Group.,No abstract found
7863,brain tumour,38548303,Imaging Genomics of Glioma Revisited: Analytic Methods to Understand Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity.,"An improved understanding of the cellular and molecular biologic processes responsible for brain tumor development, growth, and resistance to therapy is fundamental to improving clinical outcomes. Imaging genomics is the study of the relationships between microscopic, genetic, and molecular biologic features and macroscopic imaging features. Imaging genomics is beginning to shift clinical paradigms for diagnosing and treating brain tumors. This article provides an overview of imaging genomics in gliomas, in which imaging data including hallmarks such as "
7864,brain tumour,38548186,Diminazene aceturate attenuates systemic inflammation via microbiota gut-5-HT brain-spleen sympathetic axis in male mice.,"The sympathetic arm of the inflammatory reflex is the efferent pathway through which the central nervous system (CNS) can control peripheral immune responses. Diminazene aceturate (DIZE) is an antiparasitic drug that has been reported to exert protective effects on various experimental models of inflammation. However, the pathways by which DIZE promotes a protective immunomodulatory effects still need to be well established, and no studies demonstrate the capacity of DIZE to modulate a neural reflex to control inflammation. C57BL/6 male mice received intraperitoneal administration of DIZE (2 mg/Kg) followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/Kg, i.p.). Endotoxemic animals showed hyperresponsiveness to inflammatory signals, while those treated with DIZE promoted the activation of the inflammatory reflex to attenuate the inflammatory response during endotoxemia. The unilateral cervical vagotomy did not affect the anti-inflammatory effect of DIZE in the spleen and serum. At the same time, splenic denervation attenuated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) synthesis in the spleen and serum. Using broad-spectrum antibiotics for two weeks showed that LPS modulated the microbiota to induce a pro-inflammatory profile in the intestine and reduced the serum concentration of tryptophan and serotonin (5-HT), while DIZE restored serum tryptophan and increased the hypothalamic 5-HT levels. Furthermore, the treatment with 4-Chloro-DL-phenylalanine (pcpa, an inhibitor of 5-HT synthesis) abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of the DIZE in the spleen. Our results indicate that DIZE promotes microbiota modulation to increase central 5-HT levels and activates the efferent sympathetic arm of the inflammatory reflex to control splenic TNF production in endotoxemic mice."
7865,brain tumour,38548185,Threats to social safety and neuro-inflammatory mechanisms underlying sexual orientation disparities in depression symptom severity: A prospective cohort study of young adults.,"Sexual minority individuals have a markedly elevated risk of depression compared to heterosexuals. We examined early threats to social safety and chronically elevated inflammation as mechanisms contributing to this disparity in depression symptoms, and compared the relative strength of the co-occurrence between chronic inflammation and depression symptoms for sexual minorities versus heterosexuals. To do so, we analyzed data from a prospective cohort of sexual minority and heterosexual young adults (n = 595), recruited from a nationally representative sample, that included assessments of early threats to social safety in the form of adverse childhood interpersonal events, three biomarkers of inflammation (i.e., CRP, IL-6, TNF-α) measured at two time points, and depression symptoms over four years. In pre-registered analyses, we found that sexual minorities experienced more adverse childhood interpersonal events, were more likely to display chronically elevated inflammation, and reported more severe depression symptoms than heterosexuals. Adverse childhood interpersonal events and chronically elevated inflammation explained approximately 23 % of the total effect of the association between sexual orientation and depression symptom severity. Further, there was an increased coupling of chronically elevated inflammation and depression symptoms among sexual minorities compared to heterosexuals. These results provide novel longitudinal, population-based evidence for the role of chronically elevated inflammation in linking threats to social safety during childhood with depression symptom severity in young adulthood, consistent with the primary tenets of the social signal transduction theory of depression. Our study extends this theory to the population level by finding that members of a stigmatized population (i.e., sexual minorities) experience a greater risk of depression because of their greater exposure to adverse childhood interpersonal events and the subsequent link to chronic inflammation, highlighting potential biopsychosocial intervention targets."
7866,brain tumour,38548177,Tackling Challenges in Assessing the Economic Value of Tumor-Agnostic Therapies: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Pembrolizumab as a Case Study.,"Assessing the value of tumor-agnostic drugs (TAD) is challenging given the potential variability in treatment effects, trials with small sample sizes, different standards of care (SoC), and lack of comparative data from single-arm basket trials. Our study developed and applied novel methods to assess the value of pembrolizumab compared with SoC to inform coverage decisions."
7867,brain tumour,38548064,Continuous iontronic chemotherapy reduces brain tumor growth in embryonic avian in vivo models.,"Local and long-lasting administration of potent chemotherapeutics is a promising therapeutic intervention to increase the efficiency of chemotherapy of hard-to-treat tumors such as the most lethal brain tumors, glioblastomas (GBM). However, despite high toxicity for GBM cells, potent chemotherapeutics such as gemcitabine (Gem) cannot be widely implemented as they do not efficiently cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). As an alternative method for continuous administration of Gem, we here operate freestanding iontronic pumps - ""GemIPs"" - equipped with a custom-synthesized ion exchange membrane (IEM) to treat a GBM tumor in an avian embryonic in vivo system. We compare GemIP treatment effects with a topical metronomic treatment and observe that a remarkable growth inhibition was only achieved with steady dosing via GemIPs. Daily topical drug administration (at the maximum dosage that was not lethal for the embryonic host organism) did not decrease tumor sizes, while both treatment regimes caused S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We hypothesize that the pharmacodynamic effects generate different intratumoral drug concentration profiles for each technique, which causes this difference in outcome. We created a digital model of the experiment, which proposes a fast decay in the local drug concentration for the topical daily treatment, but a long-lasting high local concentration of Gem close to the tumor area with GemIPs. Continuous chemotherapy with iontronic devices opens new possibilities in cancer treatment: the long-lasting and highly local dosing of clinically available, potent chemotherapeutics to greatly enhance treatment efficiency without systemic side-effects. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Iontronic pumps (GemIPs) provide continuous and localized administration of the chemotherapeutic gemcitabine (Gem) for treating glioblastoma in vivo. By generating high and constant drug concentrations near the vascularized growing tumor, GemIPs offer an efficient and less harmful alternative to systemic administration. Continuous GemIP dosing resulted in remarkable growth inhibition, superior to daily topical Gem application at higher doses. Our digital modelling shows the advantages of iontronic chemotherapy in overcoming limitations of burst release and transient concentration profiles, and providing precise control over dosing profiles and local distribution. This technology holds promise for future implants, could revolutionize treatment strategies, and offers a new platform for studying the influence of timing and dosing dependencies of already-established drugs in the fight against hard-to-treat tumors."
7868,brain tumour,38548056,Comparison of Early Postoperative Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings After Resection of Gliomas and Meningiomas.,"Glioma and meningioma require vastly different surgical approaches, even if only involving a simple craniotomy procedure. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is useful for the postoperative evaluation of ischemic damage. The present study evaluated the expected but unproven differences in DWI findings."
7869,brain tumour,38548041,"Globus Lucidus: A porcine study of an intracranial implant designed to deliver closed, repetitive photodynamic and photochemical therapy in glioblastoma.","Herein we describe initial results in a porcine model of a fully implantable device designed to allow closed, repetitive photodynamic treatment of glioblastoma (GBM)."
7870,brain tumour,38548024,The protective role of sesame oil against Parkinson's-like disease induced by manganese in rats.,"Chronic exposure to manganese (Mn) results in motor dysfunction, biochemical and pathological alterations in the brain. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysfunction of dopaminergic and GABAergic systems stimulate activating transcription factor-6 (ATF-6) and protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) leading to apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of sesame oil (SO) against Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Rats received 25 mg/kg MnCl"
7871,brain tumour,38547864,Transketolase promotes MAFLD by limiting inosine-induced mitochondrial activity.,"Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has a global prevalence of about 25% and no approved therapy. Using metabolomic and proteomic analyses, we identified high expression of hepatic transketolase (TKT), a metabolic enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, in human and mouse MAFLD. Hyperinsulinemia promoted TKT expression through the insulin receptor-CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha axis. Utilizing liver-specific TKT overexpression and knockout mouse models, we demonstrated that TKT was sufficient and required for MAFLD progression. Further metabolic flux analysis revealed that Tkt deletion increased hepatic inosine levels to activate the protein kinase A-cAMP response element binding protein cascade, promote phosphatidylcholine synthesis, and improve mitochondrial function. Moreover, insulin induced hepatic TKT to limit inosine-dependent mitochondrial activity. Importantly, N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-siRNA conjugates targeting hepatic TKT showed promising therapeutic effects on mouse MAFLD. Our study uncovers how hyperinsulinemia regulates TKT-orchestrated inosine metabolism and mitochondrial function and provides a novel therapeutic strategy for MAFLD prevention and treatment."
7872,brain tumour,38547819,Related factors of delirium after transsphenoidal endoscopic pituitary adenoma resection-A matched retrospective cohort study.,The primary aim of this study is to explore the factors associated with delirium incidence in postoperative patients who have undergone endoscopic transsphenoidal approach surgery for pituitary adenoma.
7873,brain tumour,38547561,Symptomatic infratentorial ependymal cyst arising from the medulla: a case report with review of literature.,"Ependymal cysts (EC) typically present supra-tentorially near the lateral ventricle, juxta ventricular, or temporoparietal regions. Previous cases have also identified infratentorial EC of the brainstem, cerebellum, and subarachnoid spaces. They are mostly asymptomatic. In this paper, we present the first-ever case of a symptomatic medullary ependymal cyst treated with surgery, along with a comprehensive review of the literature on EC of other parts of the brain stem."
7874,brain tumour,38547546,"Integrating cine EPID, dynamic delivery, and the off-axis Winston-Lutz test to enhance quality control in multiple brain metastasis stereotactic radiotherapy.","Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) has transformed cancer treatment, especially for brain metastases. Ensuring accurate SRT delivery is crucial, with the Winston-Lutz test being an important quality control tool. Off-axis Winston-Lutz (OAWL) tests are designed for accuracy assessment, but most are limited to fixed angles and hampered by local-field shifts caused by suboptimal Multi-Leaf Collimator (MLC) positioning. This study introduces a new OAWL approach for quality control in multi-brain-metastasis SRT. Utilizing cine Electronic Portal Imaging Device (EPID) images, it can be used with dynamic conformal arc (DCA) therapy. However, dynamic OAWL (DOAWL) is prone to more local-field shifts due to dynamic MLC movements. A two-step DOAWL is proposed: step 1 calculates local-field shifts using dynamic MLC movements in the beam-eye view data from the Treatment Planning System (TPS), while step 2 processes cine EPID images with an OAWL algorithm to isolate true deviations."
7875,brain tumour,38547418,Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Low Breast Cancer Brain Metastases: An Opportunity for Targeted Systemic Therapies in a High-Need Patient Population.,"Trastuzumab deruxtecan is a new treatment option for patients with advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-low breast cancer (BC). Although HER2-low status has been characterized in early and advanced BC, it has yet to be fully characterized in brain metastases (BrM)."
7876,brain tumour,38547196,Mechanically stimulated osteocytes maintain tumor dormancy in bone metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer by releasing small extracellular vesicles.,"Although preclinical and clinical studies have shown that exercise can inhibit bone metastasis progression, the mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we found that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells adjacent to bone tissue had a much lower proliferative capacity than the surrounding tumor cells in patients and mice. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that osteocytes, sensing mechanical stimulation generated by exercise, inhibit NSCLC cell proliferation and sustain the dormancy thereof by releasing small extracellular vesicles with tumor suppressor micro-RNAs, such as miR-99b-3p. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of mechanical loading and treadmill exercise on the bone metastasis progression of NSCLC in mice. As expected, mechanical loading of the tibia inhibited the bone metastasis progression of NSCLC. Notably, bone metastasis progression of NSCLC was inhibited by moderate exercise, and combinations with zoledronic acid had additive effects. Moreover, exercise preconditioning effectively suppressed bone metastasis progression. This study significantly advances the understanding of the mechanism underlying exercise-afforded protection against bone metastasis progression."
7877,brain tumour,38546943,Palbociclib in Older Patients with Advanced/Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.,"Palbociclib in combination with endocrine therapy is approved for treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer. In addition to clinical trials, several real-world studies have evaluated the effectiveness of palbociclib. With increased life expectancy in the general population, breast cancer in older women is also expected to increase."
7878,brain tumour,38546941,Novel Clinical Trials and Approaches in the Management of Glioblastoma.,The purpose of this review is to discuss a wide variety of novel therapies recently studied or actively undergoing study in patients with glioblastoma. This review also discusses current and future strategies for improving clinical trial design in patients with glioblastoma to maximize efficacy in discovering effective treatments.
7879,brain tumour,38546908,Resveratrol ameliorates glioblastoma inflammatory response by reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation through inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.,"The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-tumor effect of resveratrol (RSV) on glioblastoma (GBM) and its specific mechanism in improving the inflammatory response of the tumor microenvironment. The tumor microenvironment of GBM is highly neuroinflammatory, inducing tumor immunosuppression. Therefore, ameliorating the inflammatory response is an important focus for anti-tumor research."
7880,brain tumour,38546749,Sarcopenia is associated with chemoradiotherapy discontinuation and reduced progression-free survival in glioblastoma patients.,"Sarcopenia may complicate treatment in cancer patients. Herein, we assessed whether sarcopenia measurements derived from radiation planning computed tomography (CT) were associated with complications and tumor progression during radiochemotherapy for glioblastoma."
7881,brain tumour,38546616,"Depressive Symptoms, Systemic Inflammation, and Survival Among Patients With Head and Neck Cancer.","Patients with head and neck cancer experience high rates of depression. Depression and systemic inflammation have been found to be associated in numerous cancer types, often independently from disease status. Depression-related inflammation may elevate the risks for poor tumor response to treatment and early mortality, and comprises a mechanism by which depression is associated with survival in head and neck cancer."
7882,brain tumour,38546519,Distinctive Craniofacial and Oral Anomalies in MN1 C-terminal Truncation Syndrome.,"MN1 C-terminal truncation (MCTT) syndrome was first reported in 2020 and only 28 patients have been recorded to date. Since MCTT syndrome is a newly defined and rare syndrome with many clinical features, the present study reviewed the manifestations and management of oral and dental anomalies. Gene variants of MCTT syndrome and their positive phenotypes were summarised. The phenotypes of variants in two exons differed from each other mainly in the craniomaxillofacial region, including brain MRI abnormalities and palatal morphology. Pathogenic mechanisms, especially in craniofacial and oral anomalies, were discussed. Appropriate treatments in the stomatology and respiratory departments could improve the symptoms of MCTT syndrome. The different sites of MN1 gene variants may influence the clinical symptoms and there may be racial differences in MCTT syndrome. We recommend oral and pulmonary evaluations for the multidisciplinary treatment of MCTT syndrome."
7883,brain tumour,38546391,Associations of PD-1 and PD-L1 gene polymorphisms with cancer risk: a meta-analysis based on 50 studies.,"Programmed death-1 and its ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1), immune checkpoints proteins, play a crucial role in anti-tumor responses. A large number of studies have evaluated the relationships of PD-1/PD-L1 polymorphisms with risk of cancer, but evidence for the associations remains inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to examine the associations between PD-1/PD-L1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and cancer predisposition. Results showed that PD-1.3 and PD-L1 rs17718883 were significantly correlated with overall cancer risk. PD-1.5 was prominently linked with cervical cancer (CC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), TC (thyroid cancer), brain tumor, AML (acute myelocytic leukemia) and UCC (urothelial cell carcinoma) risk, PD-1.9 with breast cancer (BC), AML, esophageal cancer (EC) and ovarian cancer (OC) risk, and PD-1.3 with colorectal cancer (CRC) and BCC (basal cell carcinoma) risk. PD-1.1 polymorphism slightly elevated BC and OC susceptibility, whereas the rs4143815 variant notably decreased the risk of gastric cancer (GC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and OC, but increased the risk of BC. PD-1.6 was closely linked with AML risk, PD-L1 rs2890658 with NSCLC, HCC and BC risk, rs17718883 with HCC and GC risk, rs10815225 with GC risk, and rs2297136 with NSCLC and HCC risk. Interestingly, the rs7421861, rs10815225, and rs10815225 markedly reduced cancer susceptibility among Asians. The rs7421861 polymrophism decreased cancer risk among Caucasians, rather than the rs10815225 elevated cancer risk. Our results supported that PD-1 and PD-L1 SNPs were dramatically correlated with cancer risk."
7884,brain tumour,38546389,Identification of a novel disulfideptosis-related gene signature for prognostic implication in lower-grade gliomas.,"Lower-grade gliomas (GBMLGG) are common, fatal, and difficult-to-treat cancers. The current treatment choices have impressive efficacy constraints. As a result, the development of effective treatments and the identification of new therapeutic targets are urgent requirements. Disulfide metabolism is the cause of the non-apoptotic programmed cell death known as disulfideptosis, which was only recently discovered. The mRNA expression data and related clinical information of GBMLGG patients downloaded from public databases were used in this study to investigate the prognostic significance of genes involved in disulfideptosis. In the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort, our findings showed that many disulfidptosis-related genes were expressed differently in normal and GBMLGG tissues. It was discovered that IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) is a key gene that influences the outcome of GBMLGG. Besides, a nomogram model was built to foresee the visualization of GBMLGG patients. In addition, "
7885,brain tumour,38546339,"Asynchronous, double, growth hormone-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumor of a variable proliferative potential.",No abstract found
7886,brain tumour,38546197,"The myelination-associated G protein-coupled receptor 37 is regulated by Zfp488, Nkx2.2, and Sox10 during oligodendrocyte differentiation.","Oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in the central nervous system are controlled and coordinated by a complex gene regulatory network that contains several transcription factors, including Zfp488 and Nkx2.2. Despite the proven role in oligodendrocyte differentiation little is known about the exact mode of Zfp488 and Nkx2.2 action, including their target genes. Here, we used overexpression of Zfp488 and Nkx2.2 in differentiating CG4 cells to identify aspects of the oligodendroglial expression profile that depend on these transcription factors. Although both transcription factors are primarily described as repressors, the detected changes argue for an additional function as activators. Among the genes activated by both Zfp488 and Nkx2.2 was the G protein-coupled receptor Gpr37 that is important during myelination. In agreement with a positive effect on Gpr37 expression, downregulation of the G protein-coupled receptor was observed in Zfp488- and in Nkx2.2-deficient oligodendrocytes in the mouse. We also identified several potential regulatory regions of the Gpr37 gene. Although Zfp488 and Nkx2.2 both bind to one of the regulatory regions downstream of the Gpr37 gene in vivo, none of the regulatory regions was activated by either transcription factor alone. Increased activation by Zfp488 or Nkx2.2 was only observed in the presence of Sox10, a transcription factor continuously present in oligodendroglial cells. Our results argue that both Zfp488 and Nkx2.2 also act as transcriptional activators during oligodendrocyte differentiation and cooperate with Sox10 to allow the expression of Gpr37 as a modulator of the myelination process."
7887,brain tumour,38545432,Intracranial Efficacy of Pyrotinib and Capecitabine Combination Therapy in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer with Brain Metastases.,Approximately 50% of patients diagnosed with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (BC) are estimated to develop brain metastases (BMs). This study was aimed to assess the intracranial efficacy and survival benefits of pyrotinib and capecitabine combination therapy in the treatment of BMs in patients with HER2-positive BC.
7888,brain tumour,38545055,Comparison of micro-CT image enhancement after use of different vascular casting agents.,"Microvascular visualization is crucial in understanding the mechanisms of several pathologies. For instance, visualization of the tumor microenvironment is important in understanding angiogenesis and role in cancer progression. Visualization would provide insights to cancer diagnosis, predicting metastatic growth, and evaluating therapeutic protocols. Similarly, understanding the microvascular network could be beneficial for study of degenerative diseases and tissue repair. The use of microscale computed tomography (micro-CT) and vascular casting agents provides high-resolution images of tissue vasculature in volumetric space. The purpose of this research was to compare a selection of commercially available contrast agents to determine the optimal solution for vascular visualization."
7889,brain tumour,38544721,How is inflammation biology truly associated with depression in patients with stable coronary heart disease?: Insights from the heart and Soul study.,"Depression is known to be associated with inflammation among patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD), but it is unclear whether this is due to individual depression symptoms or to the broader construct of depression. We addressed this gap by using moderated non-linear factor analysis (MNLFA) to determine the extent that inflammation is associated with latent depression and/or individual symptoms in this patient group. We evaluated 1,024 outpatients with stable CHD from the baseline cross-sectional data of the Heart and Soul Study. Depression was assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, while inflammation was evaluated via C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels. MNLFA is based on the concept of model parameter moderation with regard to individual characteristics. Using the MNLFA approach, we simultaneously tested for differences in (1) latent depression, (2) individual depression items, and (3) the factor loading of the item on latent depression as a function of inflammatory markers, with and without covariate adjustment. Higher TNF-α levels were associated with both higher levels of a latent depression factor and greater endorsement of an individual symptom (appetite changes). Increased CRP levels were significantly associated with greater appetite changes, lower concentration difficulty, and greater fatigue. Elevated IL-6 levels were only related to greater fatigue, while increased MCP-1 levels were linked to greater sleep disturbance. After adjusting for covariates, some associations became insignificant. Inflammatory markers were not consistent predictors of factor loadings. This study represents the initial step to discussing how inflammation biology is truly related to depression among patients with established CHD."
7890,brain tumour,38544639,Navigating the Diagnosis and Treatment of Astroblastoma: A Pediatric Case Report.,"Astroblastoma, a rare glial tumor of the central nervous system, presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its low incidence and variable clinical presentations. In this case study, we present the case of an 11-year-old boy with high-grade astroblastoma, highlighting the complexities in diagnosis and treatment. The clinical presentation initially involved right-sided motor weakness, which, after undergoing a brain MRI, revealed a large solid cystic mass in the left parietal lobe. Histopathological examination after undergoing surgery confirmed an astroblastoma with high-grade features, characterized by increased cellularity and high mitotic activity. Immunostaining patterns supported the glial origin of the tumor. Gross total resection remains the primary approach for its treatment, but adjuvant therapies for high-grade astroblastomas are still evolving, offering potential life-changing possibilities for the future. Due to its rarity, collecting sufficient data to develop an effective treatment protocol for this uncommon tumor is very challenging. This case underscores the importance of combined efforts and ongoing research to effectively navigate the diagnosis and treatment of astroblastoma."
7891,brain tumour,38544524,Pediatric CNS tumors and 2021 WHO classification: what do oncologists need from pathologists?,"The fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS), published in 2021, established new approaches to both CNS tumor nomenclature and grading, emphasizing the importance of integrated diagnoses and layered reports. This edition increased the role of molecular diagnostics in CNS tumor classification while still relying on other established approaches such as histology and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, it introduced new tumor types and subtypes based on novel diagnostic technologies such as DNA methylome profiling. Over the past decade, molecular techniques identified numerous key genetic alterations in CSN tumors, with important implications regarding the understanding of pathogenesis but also for prognosis and the development and application of effective molecularly targeted therapies. This review summarizes the major changes in the 2021 fifth edition classification of pediatric CNS tumors, highlighting for each entity the molecular alterations and other information that are relevant for diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic purposes and that patients' and oncologists' need from a pathology report."
7892,brain tumour,38544422,"The Time Burden of Office Visits in Contemporary Pituitary Care, 2016 to 2019.","The concept of ""time toxicity"" has emerged to address the impact of time spent in the healthcare system; however, little work has examined the phenomenon in the field of otolaryngology."
7893,brain tumour,38544410,Single-cell mechanical assay unveils viscoelastic similarities in normal and neoplastic brain cells.,"Understanding cancer cell mechanics allows for the identification of novel disease mechanisms, diagnostic biomarkers, and targeted therapies. In this study, we utilized our previously established fluid shear stress assay to investigate and compare the viscoelastic properties of normal immortalized human astrocytes and invasive human glioblastoma (GBM) cells when subjected to physiological levels of shear stress that are present in the brain microenvironment. We used a parallel-flow microfluidic shear system and a camera-coupled optical microscope to expose single cells to fluid shear stress and monitor the resulting deformation in real time, respectively. From the video-rate imaging, we fed cell deformation information from digital image correlation into a three-parameter generalized Maxwell model to quantify the nuclear and cytoplasmic viscoelastic properties of single cells. We further quantified actin cytoskeleton density and alignment in immortalized human astrocytes and GBM cells via fluorescence microscopy and image analysis techniques. Results from our study show that contrary to the behavior of many extracranial cells, normal and cancerous brain cells do not exhibit significant differences in their viscoelastic properties. Moreover, we also found that the viscoelastic properties of the nucleus and cytoplasm as well as the actin cytoskeletal densities of both brain cell types are similar. Our work suggests that malignant GBM cells exhibit unique mechanical behaviors not seen in other cancer cell types. These results warrant future studies to elucidate the distinct biophysical characteristics of the brain and reveal novel mechanical attributes of GBM and other primary brain tumors."
7894,brain tumour,38544404,Comparison of dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) using gadolinium and iron-based contrast agents in high-grade glioma at high-field MRI.,"To compare DSC-MRI using Gadolinium (GBCA) and Ferumoxytol (FBCA) in high-grade glioma at 3T and 7T MRI field strengths. We hypothesized that using FBCA at 7T would enhance the performance of DSC, as measured by contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR)."
7895,brain tumour,38544393,Effects of Glutamine Synthetase on Neovascularization in Glioma: In Vivo MR Vessel Size Imaging and Histology.,Glutamine Synthetase (GS) could induce vascular sprouting through the improvement of endothelial cell migration in inflammatory diseases. MR vessel-size imaging has been proposed as a valuable approach for visualizing the underlying angiogenic processes in the brain.
7896,brain tumour,38544305,Model of P-Glycoprotein Ligand Binding and Validation with Efflux Substrate Matched Pairs.,"The blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a significant obstacle in developing therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system (CNS) disorders. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a multidrug resistance protein, is a critical gatekeeper in the BBB and plays a role in cancer chemoresistance. This paper uses cryo-EM P-gp structures as starting points with an induced fit docking (IFD) model to evaluate 19 pairs of compounds with known P-gp efflux data. The study reveals significant differences in binding energy and sheds light on structural modifications' impact on efflux properties. In the cases examined, fluorine incorporation influences the efflux by altering the molecular conformation rather than proximal heteroatom basicity. Although there are limitations in addressing covalent interactions or when binding extends into the more flexible vestibule region of the protein, the results provide valuable insights and potential strategies to overcome P-gp efflux, contributing to the advancement of drug development for both CNS disorders and cancer therapies."
7897,brain tumour,38544238,Realistic 3D Phantoms for Validation of Microwave Sensing in Health Monitoring Applications.,"The development of new medical-monitoring applications requires precise modeling of effects on the human body as well as the simulation and the emulation of realistic scenarios and conditions. The first aim of this paper is to develop realistic and adjustable 3D human-body emulation platforms that could be used for evaluating emerging microwave-based medical monitoring/sensing applications such as the detection of brain tumors, strokes, and breast cancers, as well as for capsule endoscopy studies. New phantom recipes are developed for microwave ranges for phantom molds with realistic shapes. The second aim is to validate the feasibility and reliability of using the phantoms for practical scenarios with electromagnetic simulations using tissue-layer models and biomedical antennas. The third aim is to investigate the impact of the water temperature in the phantom-cooking phase on the dielectric properties of the stabilized phantom. The evaluations show that the dielectric properties of the developed phantoms correspond closely to those of real human tissue. The error in dielectric properties varies between 0.5-8%. In the practical-scenario simulations, the differences obtained with phantoms-based simulations in "
7898,brain tumour,38543749,Inflammatory Response Associated with West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease: A Systematic Review.,"West Nile virus (WNV) infection is a seasonal arbovirosis with the potential to cause severe neurological disease. Outcomes of the infection from WNV depend on viral factors (e.g., lineage) and host-intrinsic factors (e.g., age, sex, immunocompromising conditions). Immunity is essential to control the infection but may also prove detrimental to the host. Indeed, the persistence of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines is associated with the development of blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. Due to the importance of the inflammatory processes in the development of West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND), we reviewed the available literature on the subject."
7899,brain tumour,38543187,The Potential Role of the Extracellular Matrix Glycoprotein Reelin in Glioblastoma Biology.,"Glioblastoma, the most common and lethal primary adult brain tumor, cannot be successfully removed surgically due to its highly invasive nature. Therapeutically, approaches must be aimed at a systemic brain disease and not merely at a tumor located within the brain, unless a successful containment strategy can be found. Reelin, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, plays an important role in neuronal migration and serves here as a natural stop signal. Interestingly, the expression of reelin is negatively associated with tumor grade and, within glioblastoma, correlates with increased overall survival. To further elucidate a potential biological reason for these findings, we looked at the cellular behavior of glioblastoma cell lines grown on a pure fibronectin matrix or a matrix with reelin inserts. While reelin had no significant effects on cellular metabolism, proliferation, or resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, it did significantly affect the cells' interaction with fibronectin. Both matrix attachment and detachment were modulated by reelin, and thus, the invasion and motility of cells interacting with a reelin-containing matrix were altered. The data presented in this work strongly suggest that reelin might be a potential modulator of underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to glioblastoma invasion."
7900,brain tumour,38543086,Magnetic Hyperthermia Therapy for High-Grade Glioma: A State-of-the-Art Review.,"Magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) is a re-emerging treatment modality for brain tumors where magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are locally delivered to the brain and then activated with an external alternating magnetic field (AMF) to generate localized heat at a site of interest. Due to the recent advancements in technology and theory surrounding the intervention, clinical and pre-clinical trials have demonstrated that MHT may enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT) for the treatment of brain tumors. The future clinical success of MHT relies heavily on designing MNPs optimized for both heating and imaging, developing reliable methods for the local delivery of MNPs, and designing AMF systems with integrated magnetic particle imaging (MPI) for use in humans. However, despite the progression of technological development, the clinical progress of MHT has been underwhelming. This review aims to summarize the current state-of-the-art of MHT and offers insight into the current barriers and potential solutions for moving MHT forward."
7901,brain tumour,38542434,Neuroprotective Effects of Aucubin against Cerebral Ischemia and Ischemia Injury through the Inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB Inflammatory Signaling Pathway in Gerbils.,"Aucubin, an iridoid glycoside, possesses beneficial bioactivities in many diseases, but little is known about its neuroprotective effects and mechanisms in brain ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury. This study evaluated whether aucubin exhibited neuroprotective effects against IR injury in the hippocampal CA1 region through anti-inflammatory activity in gerbils. Aucubin (10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally once a day for one week prior to IR. Neuroprotective effects of aucubin were assessed by neuronal nuclei (NeuN) immunofluorescence and Floro-Jade C (FJC) histofluorescence. Microgliosis and astrogliosis were evaluated using immunohistochemistry with anti-ionized calcium binding adapter protein 1 (Iba1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin1 beta (IL1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. Changes in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway were assessed by measuring levels of TLR4, inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα), and NF-κB p65 using Western blot. Aucubin treatment protected pyramidal neurons from IR injury. IR-induced microgliosis and astrogliosis were suppressed by aucubin treatment. IR-induced increases in IL1β and TNFα levels were significantly alleviated by the treatment. IR-induced upregulation of TLR4 and downregulation of IκBα were significantly prevented by aucubin treatment, and IR-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB was reversed by aucubin treatment. Briefly, aucubin exhibited neuroprotective effects against brain IR injury, which might be related to the attenuation of neuroinflammation through inhibiting the TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway. These results suggest that aucubin pretreatment may be a potential approach for the protection of brain IR injury."
7902,brain tumour,38542389,Hsp70 and Calcitonin Receptor Protein in Extracellular Vesicles from Glioblastoma Multiforme: Biomarkers with Putative Roles in Carcinogenesis and Potential for Differentiating Tumor Types.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignancy of bad prognosis, and advances in early detection and treatment are needed. GBM is heterogenous, with varieties differing in malignancy within a tumor of a patient and between patients. Means are needed to distinguish these GMB forms, so that specific strategies can be deployed for patient management. We study the participation of the chaperone system (CS) in carcinogenesis. The CS is dynamic, with its members moving around the body in extracellular vesicles (EVs) and interacting with components of other physiological systems in health and disease, including GBM. Here, we describe the finding of high amounts of Hsp70 (HSPA1A) and the calcitonin receptor protein (CTR) in EVs in patients with GBM. We present a standardized protocol for collecting, purifying, and characterizing EVs carrying Hsp70 and CTR in plasma-derived EVs from patients with GBM. EVs from GBM patients were obtained just before tumor ablative surgery (T0) and 7 days afterwards (T1); Hsp70 was highly elevated at T0 and less so at T1, and CTR was greatly increased at T0 and reduced to below normal values at T1. Our results encourage further research to assess Hsp70 and CTR as biomarkers for differentiating tumor forms and to determine their roles in GBM carcinogenesis."
7903,brain tumour,38542355,Protecting the Brain: Novel Strategies for Preventing Breast Cancer Brain Metastases through Selective Estrogen Receptor β Agonists and In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Models.,"Breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) is a challenging condition with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Understanding the interactions between tumor cells and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is critical for developing novel therapeutic strategies. One promising target is estrogen receptor β (ERβ), which promotes the expression of key tight junction proteins, sealing the BBB and reducing its permeability. In this study, we investigated the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) and the selective ERβ agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN) on endothelial and cancer cells. Western blot analysis revealed the expression patterns of ERs in these cell lines, and estrogen treatment upregulated claudin-5 expression in brain endothelial cells. Using in vitro models of the BBB, we found that DPN treatment significantly increased BBB tightness about suppressed BBB transmigration activity of representative Her2-positive (BT-474) and triple-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines. However, the efficacy of DPN treatment decreased when cancer cells were pre-differentiated in the presence of E2. Our results support ERβ as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of BCBM and suggest that targeted vector-based approaches may be effective for future preventive and therapeutic implications."
7904,brain tumour,38542334,Bone Morphogenic Proteins in Pediatric Diffuse Midline Gliomas: How to Make New Out of Old?,"The BMP pathway is one of the major signaling pathways in embryonic development, ontogeny and homeostasis, identified many years ago by pioneers in developmental biology. Evidence of the deregulation of its activity has also emerged in many cancers, with complex and sometimes opposing effects. Recently, its role has been suspected in Diffuse Midline Gliomas (DMG), among which Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas (DIPG) are one of the most complex challenges in pediatric oncology. Genomic sequencing has led to understanding part of their molecular etiology, with the identification of histone H3 mutations in a large proportion of patients. The epigenetic remodeling associated with these genetic alterations has also been precisely described, creating a permissive context for oncogenic transcriptional program activation. This review aims to describe the new findings about the involvement of BMP pathway activation in these tumors, placing their appearance in a developmental context. Targeting the oncogenic synergy resulting from this pathway activation in an H3K27M context could offer new therapeutic perspectives based on targeting treatment-resistant cell states."
7905,brain tumour,38542302,"Treatment with Rasburicase in Hospitalized Patients with Cardiorenal Syndrome: Old Treatment, New Scenario.","Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) involves joint dysfunction of the heart and kidney. Acute forms share biochemical alterations like hyperuricaemia (HU) with tumour lysis syndrome (TLS). The mainstay treatment of acute CRS with systemic overload is diuretics, but rasburicase is used in TLS to prevent and treat hyperuricaemia. An observational, retrospective study was performed to assess the effectiveness and safety of a single dose of rasburicase in hospitalized patients with cardiorenal syndrome, worsening renal function and uric acid levels above 9 mg/dL. Rasburicase improved diuresis and systemic congestion in the 35 patients included. A total of 86% of patients did not need to undergo RRT, and early withdrawal was possible in the remaining five. Creatinine (Cr) decreased after treatment with rasburicase from a peak of 3.6 ± 1.27 to 1.79 ± 0.83 mg/dL, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) improved from 17 ± 8 to 41 ± 20 mL/min/1.73 m"
7906,brain tumour,38542263,Beyond Quiescent and Active: Intermediate Microglial Transcriptomic States in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome.,"Research on microglia in Down syndrome (DS) has shown that microglial activation, increased inflammatory gene expression, and oxidative stress occur at different ages in DS brains. However, most studies resulted in simplistic definitions of microglia as quiescent or active, ignoring potential intermediate states. Indeed, recent work on microglial cells in young DS brains indicated that those evolve through different intermediate activation phenotypes before reaching a fully activated state. Here we used single nucleus RNA sequencing, to examine how trisomy affects microglial states in the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS. Despite no substantial changes in the proportion of glial populations, differential expression analysis revealed cell type-specific gene expression changes, most notably in astroglia, microglia, and oligodendroglia. Focusing on microglia, we identified differential expression of genes associated with different microglial states, including disease-associated microglia (DAMs), activated response microglia (ARMs), and human Alzheimer's disease microglia (HAMs), in trisomic microglia. Furthermore, pseudotime analysis reveals a unique reactivity profile in Ts65Dn microglia, with fewer in a homeostatic state and more in an intermediate aberrantly reactive state than in euploid microglia. This comprehensive understanding of microglial transcriptional dynamics sheds light on potential pathogenetic mechanisms but also possible avenues for therapy for neurodevelopmental disorders."
7907,brain tumour,38542222,Impact of TNF and IL-33 Cytokines on Mast Cells in Neuroinflammation.,"Mast cells (MCs) are derived from hematopoietic progenitors, mature in vascularized tissues, and participate in innate and acquired immunity. Neuroinflammation is a highly debated topic in the biomedical literature; however, the impact of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-33 on MCs in the brain has not been widely addressed. MCs can be activated by IgE binding to FcεRI, as well as by different antigens. After activation, MCs mediate various immunological and inflammatory responses through TNF and IL-33. TNF has two receptors: TNFR1, a p55 molecule, and TNFR2, a p75 molecule. This cytokine is the only one of its kind to be stored in the granules of MCs and can also be generated by de novo synthesis via mRNA. In the central nervous system (CNS), TNF is produced almost exclusively by microglial cells, neurons, astrocytes, and, minimally, by endothelial cells. After its release into brain tissue, TNF rapidly induces the adhesion molecules endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in endothelial cells. TNF causes the chemoattraction of neutrophils by inducing several molecules, including CXC chemokines (IL-8). Both MCs and microglial cells act as a primary barrier against foreign molecules in the CNS, producing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-33. IL-33 belongs to the IL-1 family, is activated through the ST2L/IL1-RAcP receptor complex, and mediates both the innate and adaptive immune response. IL-33 is a nuclear transcription factor expressed in the brain, where it induces pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF and IL-1) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, and CXCL10). Therefore, MCs and microglia in the CNS are a source of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF and IL-33, that mediate many brain diseases. The inhibition of TNF and IL-33 may represent a new therapeutic approach that could complement existing neuroinflammatory therapies."
7908,brain tumour,38542190,A Review of Approaches to Potentiate the Activity of Temozolomide against Glioblastoma to Overcome Resistance.,"A glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive, infiltrative, and treatment-resistant malignancies of the central nervous system (CNS). The current standard of care for GBMs include maximally safe tumor resection, followed by concurrent adjuvant radiation treatment and chemotherapy with the DNA alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ), which was approved by the FDA in 2005 based on a marginal increase (~2 months) in overall survival (OS) levels. This treatment approach, while initially successful in containing and treating GBM, almost invariably fails to prevent tumor recurrence. In addition to the limited therapeutic benefit, TMZ also causes debilitating adverse events (AEs) that significantly impact the quality of life of GBM patients. Some of the most common AEs include hematologic (e.g., thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, anemia) and non-hematologic (e.g., nausea, vomiting, constipation, dizziness) toxicities. Recurrent GBMs are often resistant to TMZ and other DNA-damaging agents. Thus, there is an urgent need to devise strategies to potentiate TMZ activity, to overcome drug resistance, and to reduce dose-dependent AEs. Here, we analyze major mechanisms of the TMZ resistance-mediated intracellular signaling activation of DNA repair pathways and the overexpression of drug transporters. We review some of the approaches investigated to counteract these mechanisms of resistance to TMZ, including the use of chemosensitizers and drug delivery strategies to enhance tumoral drug exposure."
7909,brain tumour,38542090,ABCG2 Expression as a Potential Survival Predictor in Human Gliomas.,"Gliomas are notably challenging to treat due to their invasive nature and resistance to conventional therapies. The ABCG2 protein has attracted attention for its role in multidrug resistance, complicating treatment effectiveness. This study scrutinized the relationship between ABCG2 expression and glioma grade and the role of ABCG2 in the process of glioma progression, aiming to evaluate ABCG2 expression as a predictive factor of tumor progression and patient survival. Conducted at Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia, the study analyzed 152 glioma specimens from 2013 to 2022, assessing ABCG2 expression alongside standard clinical markers. A significant association was found between patients' survival and the ABCG2 profile ("
7910,brain tumour,38541684,Radiosensitization of Allogenic Subcutaneous C6 Glioma Model with Focused Ultrasound-Induced Mild Hyperthermia.,"The radiosensitization potential of focused ultrasound (FUS)-induced mild hyperthermia was assessed in an allogenic subcutaneous C6 glioma tumor model in rats. Mild hyperthermia at 42 °C was induced in tumors using a single-element 350 kHz FUS transducer. Radiation was delivered with a small animal radiation research platform using a single-beam irradiation technique. The combined treatment involved 20 min of FUS hyperthermia immediately before radiation. Tumor growth changes were observed one week post-treatment. A radiation dose of 2 Gy alone showed limited tumor control (30% reduction). However, when combined with FUS hyperthermia, there was a significant reduction in tumor growth compared to other treatments (tumor volumes: control-1174 ± 554 mm"
7911,brain tumour,38540753,Activation of Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor in Microglia Reduces Neuroinflammation through Inhibiting Aerobic Glycolysis to Relieve Hypertension.,"Studies have shown that the chronic use of cannabis is associated with a decrease in blood pressure. Our previous studies prove that activating the cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor in the brain can effectively reduce blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats; however, the exact mechanism has not been clarified. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that activation of microglial CB2 receptors can effectively reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) through inhibiting aerobic glycolysis, thereby relieving hypertension."
7912,brain tumour,38540734,Identification and Validation of a PEX5-Dependent Signature for Prognostic Prediction in Glioma.,"Gliomas, the most prevalent and lethal form of brain cancer, are known to exhibit metabolic alterations that facilitate tumor growth, invasion, and resistance to therapies. Peroxisomes, essential organelles responsible for fatty acid oxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, rely on the receptor PEX5 for the import of metabolic enzymes into their matrix. However, the prognostic significance of peroxisomal enzymes for glioma patients remains unclear. In this study, we elucidate that PEX5 is indispensable for the cell growth, migration, and invasion of glioma cells. We establish a robust prognosis model based on the expression of peroxisomal enzymes, whose localization relies on PEX5. This PEX5-dependent signature not only serves as a robust prognosis model capable of accurately predicting outcomes for glioma patients, but also effectively distinguishes several clinicopathological features, including the grade, isocitrate dehydrogenase ("
7913,brain tumour,38540119,Comprehensive Transcriptomic Profiling of Diverse Brain Tumor Types Uncovers Complex Structures of the Brain Tumor Microenvironment.,"Various types of brain tumors occur in both children and adults. These tumors manifest with different characteristics such as malignancy, cellular lineage, location of origin, and genomic profile. Recently, immunotherapy, which manipulates immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to kill tumor cells, has attracted attention as a treatment strategy for tumors. Here, we analyzed the transcriptomic architecture of the brain tumor microenvironment to provide potential guidelines to overcome the therapeutic vulnerabilities to brain tumors. We decomposed the cellular populations of six brain tumor types (meningioma, pilocytic astrocytoma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, glioblastoma, and lower-grade glioma) using publicly available microarray data and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. Interestingly, transcriptome-based immune cell profiling revealed that infiltrating immune cell types in the brain TME, particularly M2 macrophages, CD8+ T cells, and CD4+ T cells, could be distinguished by tumor type, malignancy, and location. scRNA-seq revealed differences in the proportions of dendritic and mural cells. Unsupervised clustering using immune-related genes divided all samples into two distinct clusters with different characteristics. In addition, immune subpopulations showed disparate reactions after anti-PD-1 therapy for glioblastoma. Our results unveiled the distinct TME across brain tumor types and provided a transcriptomic landscape. Our findings may contribute to realizing future precision medicine, providing a basic rationale for the therapeutics of brain tumors."
7914,brain tumour,38539683,"Clustering Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Time Series in Glioblastoma Characterization: A Review of the Evolution, Applications, and Potentials.","In this paper, we discuss how the clustering analysis technique can be applied to analyze functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time-series data in the context of glioblastoma (GBM), a highly heterogeneous brain tumor. The precise characterization of GBM is challenging and requires advanced analytical approaches. We have synthesized the existing literature to provide an overview of how clustering algorithms can help identify unique patterns within the dynamics of GBM. Our review shows that the clustering of fMRI time series has great potential for improving the differentiation between various subtypes of GBM, which is pivotal for developing personalized therapeutic strategies. Moreover, this method proves to be effective in capturing temporal changes occurring in GBM, enhancing the monitoring of disease progression and response to treatment. By thoroughly examining and consolidating the current research, this paper contributes to the understanding of how clustering techniques applied to fMRI data can refine the characterization of GBM. This article emphasizes the importance of incorporating cutting-edge data analysis techniques into neuroimaging and neuro-oncology research. By providing a detailed perspective, this approach may guide future investigations and boost the development of tailored therapeutic strategies for GBM."
7915,brain tumour,38539682,A Retrospective Analysis of Temporal Lobe Gliosis after Middle Fossa Resection of Small Vestibular Schwannomas.,"The middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach is a well-established procedure in surgery of the internal auditory canal, as well as with the retrosigmoid and translabyrinthine approaches. It is commonly used in the hearing-preserving microsurgery of small vestibular schwannomas (VS). The debate about the ""best"" approach for the microsurgery of small VS without contact to the brainstem is controversial. It has been stated that the MCF approach leads to irreversible damage to the temporal lobe, which may be evident in follow-up magnet resonance imaging (MRI) as gliosis in up to 70% of patients."
7916,brain tumour,38539674,Infratentorial Relapsing Neuroglial Tumors in Adults: Management and Unsolved Issues-A Systematic Review.,"(1) Background: Gangliogliomas are rare tumors accounting for about 0.4% of all central nervous system tumors. They are usually located in the temporal lobes of children and young adults, though such tumors in the infratentorial region and adult-age patients rarely reported. (2) Methods: A systematic review on ganglioglioma with infratentorial location in the adult population was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 275 articles were found, and 23 were included. Demographic data, the location and histology of the lesion, pre-operative neurological status, the type of surgery, recurrence, radiotherapy/chemotherapy adjuvant treatments, neurological outcomes and follow-up information were collected. We also presented an illustrative case. (3) Results: A total of 27 patients were included. In 51%, the location was the cerebellum; in 40%, it was the fourth ventricle; in 11%, it was brainstem; and in 4%, it was the cerebellopontine angle. STR was performed in 44%, GTR in 26% and biopsy in 15% of the cases. Adjuvant radiotherapy was found in 22% of cases. Disease recurrence occurred in 15% of patients between 1 and 12 months after surgery with a diagnosis of high-grade ganglioglioma, while in six cases, no disease recurrence was documented. (4) Conclusions: Infratentorial glioneuronal tumors are rare findings in the adult population. Histopathological characterization does not seem to fully reflect their true behavior. Future studies are warranted for better characterizing histopathological findings and treatment."
7917,brain tumour,38539663,Gene Expression of GABA,Rapid neuronal inhibition in the brain is mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activation of GABA
7918,brain tumour,38539641,Clivus-Cervical Stabilization through Transoral Approach in Patients with Craniocervical Tumor: Three Cases and Surgical Technical Note.,"Craniocervical tumors lead to cervical pain, instability, and neurological symptoms, reducing the quality of life. Effective surgical intervention at the craniocervical junction (CCJ) is critical and complex, involving comprehensive approaches and advanced reconstructive techniques. This study, conducted at Mexico City's National Institute of Cancerology, focused on three surgical cases that occurred in 2023 involving tumors at the CCJ: two chordomas and one prostate adenocarcinoma. We utilized a specialized technique: clivus-cervical stabilization reinforced with a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-filled cervical mesh. Postoperatively, patients showed marked neurological recovery and reduced cervical pain, with enhanced Karnofsky and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores indicating improved life quality. The surgical technique provided excellent exposure and effective tumor resection, utilizing PMMA-filled cervical mesh for stability. Tumoral lesions at the CCJ causing instability can be surgically treated through a transoral approach. This type of approach should be performed with precise indications to avoid complications associated with the procedure."
7919,brain tumour,38539603,Qualitative and Visual Along-Tract Analysis of Diffusion-Based Parameters in Patients with Diffuse Gliomas.,"Grade 2-3 diffuse gliomas (DGs) show extensive infiltration through white matter (WM) tracts. Along-tract analysis of WM tracts based on diffusion tensor tractography (DTI) can been performed to assess the microstructural integrity of WM tracts. The clinical implication of these DTI-related findings is still under debate, especially in tumor patients. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare diffusion-based parameters along WM tracts and variables specific to WM -tumor interactions in DGs and correlate them with preoperative neuropsychological assessment."
7920,brain tumour,38539596,Operative Corridors in Endoscopic Skull Base Tumor Surgery.,"Advances in technology, instrumentation, and reconstruction have paved the way for extended endoscopic approaches to skull base tumors. In the sagittal plane, the endonasal approach may safely access pathologies from the frontal sinus to the craniocervical junction in the sagittal plane, the petrous apex in the coronal plane, and extend posteriorly to the clivus and posterior cranial fossa. This review article describes these modular extended endoscopic approaches, along with crucial anatomic considerations, illustrative cases, and practical operative pearls."
7921,brain tumour,38539556,"Proteomic Profiling of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Its Extracellular Vesicles from Extraventricular Drainage in Pediatric Pilocytic Astrocytoma, towards Precision Oncology.","Pediatric pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the most common brain tumor in children. Complete resection provides a favorable prognosis, except for unresectable PA forms. There is an incomplete understanding of the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of PA. Potential biomarkers for PA patients, especially the non-BRAF-mutated ones are needed. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a valuable source of brain tumor biomarkers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), circulating in CSF, express valuable disease targets. These can be isolated from CSF from waste extraventricular drainage (EVD). We analyzed the proteome of EVD CSF from PA, congenital hydrocephalus (CH, non-tumor control), or medulloblastoma (MB, unrelated tumoral control) patients. A total of 3072 proteins were identified, 47.1%, 65.6%, and 86.2% of which were expressed in the unprocessed total and in its large-EV (LEV), and small-EV (SEV) fractions. Bioinformatics identified 50 statistically significant proteins in the comparison between PA and HC, and PA and MB patients, in the same fractions. Kinase enrichment analysis predicted five enriched kinases involved in signaling. Among these, only Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) kinase was overexpressed in PA samples. PLS-DA highlighted the inactive carboxypeptidase-like protein X2 (CPXM2) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) as statistically significant in all the comparisons, with CPXM2 being overexpressed (validated by ELISA and Western blot) and AQP4 downregulated in PA. These proteins were considered the most promising potential biomarkers for discriminating among pilocytic astrocytoma and unrelated tumoral (MB) or non-tumoral conditions in all the fractions examined, and are proposed to be prospectively validated in the plasma for translational medicine applications."
7922,brain tumour,38539537,"Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2 (TGFB2) mRNA Levels, in Conjunction with Interferon-Gamma Receptor Activation of Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 (IRF5) and Expression of CD276/B7-H3, Are Therapeutically Targetable Negative Prognostic Markers in Low-Grade Gliomas.","LGG tumors are characterized by a low infiltration of immune cells, requiring therapeutic interventions to boost the immune response. We conducted a study analyzing mRNA expression datasets from the UCSC Xena web platform. To screen for upregulated genes, we sought to compare normal brain tissue with LGG tumor samples. We also used cBioportal to determine the relationship between mRNA expression levels of 513 LGG patients and their overall survival (OS) outcomes. Three tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) markers, MSR1/CD204, CD86, and CD68, exhibited a 6-fold ("
7923,brain tumour,38539492,Histopathological Diagnosis of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma after Therapy with Corticosteroids or Anticoagulants.,"In patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), the choice of surgical strategy for histopathologic assessments is still controversial, particularly in terms of preoperative corticosteroid (CS) therapy. To provide further evidence for clinical decision-making, we retrospectively analyzed data from 148 consecutive patients who underwent surgery at our institution. Although patients treated with corticosteroids preoperatively were significantly more likely to require a second or third biopsy ("
7924,brain tumour,38539032,Letter to the editor: permanent deterioration of fine motor skills after the resection of tumors in the supplementary motor area.,No abstract found
7925,brain tumour,38539006,A new updated prognostic index for patients with brain metastases (BMs) treated with palliative whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in the era of precision oncology. METASNCore project.,Palliative WBRT is the main treatment for multiple BMs. Recent studies report no benefit in survival after WBRT compared to palliative supportive care in patients (pts) with poor prognosis. A new era of systemic treatment strategies based on targeted therapies are improving the prognosis of patients with BMs. The purpose of this study is to develop a prognostic score in palliative pts with BMs who undergo WBRT in this new setting.
7926,brain tumour,38538880,XRelevanceCAM: towards explainable tissue characterization with improved localisation of pathological structures in probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy.,"Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) enables intraoperative tissue characterization with improved resection rates of brain tumours. Although a plethora of deep learning models have been developed for automating tissue characterization, their lack of transparency is a concern. To tackle this issue, techniques like Class Activation Map (CAM) and its variations highlight image regions related to model decisions. However, they often fall short of providing human-interpretable visual explanations for surgical decision support, primarily due to the shattered gradient problem or insufficient theoretical underpinning."
7927,brain tumour,38538708,Employing deep learning and transfer learning for accurate brain tumor detection.,"Artificial intelligence-powered deep learning methods are being used to diagnose brain tumors with high accuracy, owing to their ability to process large amounts of data. Magnetic resonance imaging stands as the gold standard for brain tumor diagnosis using machine vision, surpassing computed tomography, ultrasound, and X-ray imaging in its effectiveness. Despite this, brain tumor diagnosis remains a challenging endeavour due to the intricate structure of the brain. This study delves into the potential of deep transfer learning architectures to elevate the accuracy of brain tumor diagnosis. Transfer learning is a machine learning technique that allows us to repurpose pre-trained models on new tasks. This can be particularly useful for medical imaging tasks, where labelled data is often scarce. Four distinct transfer learning architectures were assessed in this study: ResNet152, VGG19, DenseNet169, and MobileNetv3. The models were trained and validated on a dataset from benchmark database: Kaggle. Five-fold cross validation was adopted for training and testing. To enhance the balance of the dataset and improve the performance of the models, image enhancement techniques were applied to the data for the four categories: pituitary, normal, meningioma, and glioma. MobileNetv3 achieved the highest accuracy of 99.75%, significantly outperforming other existing methods. This demonstrates the potential of deep transfer learning architectures to revolutionize the field of brain tumor diagnosis."
7928,brain tumour,38538696,Pan-cancer evaluation of regulated cell death to predict overall survival and immune checkpoint inhibitor response.,"Regulated cell death (RCD) plays a pivotal role in various biological processes, including development, tissue homeostasis, and immune response. However, a comprehensive assessment of RCD status and its associated features at the pan-cancer level remains unexplored. Furthermore, despite significant advancements in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), only a fraction of cancer patients currently benefit from treatments. Given the emerging evidence linking RCD and ICI efficacy, we hypothesize that the RCD status could serve as a promising biomarker for predicting the ICI response and overall survival (OS) in patients with malignant tumors. We defined the RCD levels as the RCD score, allowing us to delineate the RCD landscape across 30 cancer types, 29 normal tissues in bulk, and 2,573,921 cells from 82 scRNA-Seq datasets. By leveraging large-scale datasets, we aimed to establish the positive association of RCD with immunity and identify the RCD signature. Utilizing 7 machine-learning algorithms and 18 ICI cohorts, we developed an RCD signature (RCD.Sig) for predicting ICI response. Additionally, we employed 101 combinations of 10 machine-learning algorithms to construct a novel RCD survival-related signature (RCD.Sur.Sig) for predicting OS. Furthermore, we obtained CRISPR data to identify potential therapeutic targets. Our study presents an integrative framework for assessing RCD status and reveals a strong connection between RCD status and ICI effectiveness. Moreover, we establish two clinically applicable signatures and identify promising potential therapeutic targets for patients with tumors."
7929,brain tumour,38538691,Potential diagnostic and drug target markers in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) IDH-wildtype is the most prevalent brain malignancy in adults. However, molecular mechanisms, which leads to GBM have not been completely elucidated. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor GCSFR, and Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) have been involved in the occurrence and development of various cancers, but their role in GBM is little known. Herein, we have investigated the gene and protein expression of GCSF, GCSFR, and STAT3 in 21 tissue biopsy samples and also in tumor associated normal tissue (TANT) samples derived from glioblastoma patients, which revealed significantly differential expression of these genes. To validate our findings, we performed a comprehensive integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of respective genes by retrieving GBM RNA-sequence data from Genome Atlas Databases. GO and KEGG analysis revealed enrichment in disease-related pathways, such as JAK/STAT pathway activation, which were associated with GBM progression. We further performed computational docking analysis of potential drug candidate Nisin against GCSF, and the results were validated in vitro through cytotoxic activity assay using a human glioblastoma cell line SF-767 in a dose-dependent manner. Our comprehensive analysis reveals that GCSF augments glioma progression, and its blockade with anticancer bacteriocin peptide Nisin can potentially inhibit the growth and metastasis of GBM."
7930,brain tumour,38538643,Hypoxia drives shared and distinct transcriptomic changes in two invasive glioma stem cell lines.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant cancer of the central nervous system. Insufficient oxygenation (hypoxia) has been linked to GBM invasion and aggression, leading to poor patient outcomes. Hypoxia induces gene expression for cellular adaptations. However, GBM is characterized by high intertumoral (molecular subtypes) and intratumoral heterogeneity (cell states), and it is not well understood to what extent hypoxia triggers patient-specific gene responses and cellular diversity in GBM. Here, we surveyed eight patient-derived GBM stem cell lines for invasion phenotypes in 3D culture, which identified two GBM lines showing increased invasiveness in response to hypoxia. RNA-seq analysis of the two patient GBM lines revealed a set of shared hypoxia response genes concerning glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, and autophagy, but also a large set of patient-specific hypoxia-induced genes featuring cell migration and anti-inflammation, highlighting intertumoral diversity of hypoxia responses in GBM. We further applied the Shared GBM Hypoxia gene signature to single cell RNA-seq datasets of glioma patients, which showed that hypoxic cells displayed a shift towards mesenchymal-like (MES) and astrocyte-like (AC) states. Interestingly, in response to hypoxia, tumor cells in IDH-mutant gliomas displayed a strong shift to the AC state, whereas tumor cells in IDH-wildtype gliomas mainly shifted to the MES state. This distinct hypoxia response of IDH-mutant gliomas may contribute to its more favorable prognosis. Our transcriptomic studies provide a basis for future approaches to better understand the diversity of hypoxic niches in gliomas."
7931,brain tumour,38538540,Biomimetic Nanocomposites for Glioma Imaging and Therapy.,"Glioma, the most common primary brain tumor, is highly invasive and grows rapidly. As such, the survival of glioma patients is relatively short, highlighting the vital importance of timely diagnosis and treatment of glioma. However, the blood brain barrier (BBB) and the non-targeting delivery systems of contrast agents and drugs greatly hinder the effective glioma imaging and therapy. Fortunately, in recent years, investigators have constructed various biomimetic delivery platforms utilizing the exceptional advantages of biomimetic nanocomposites, such as immune evasion, homologous targeting ability, and BBB penetrating ability, to achieve efficient and precise delivery of substances to glioma sites for improved diagnosis and treatment. In this concept, we present the application of these biomimetic nanocomposites in fluorescence imaging (FI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and multi-modal imaging, as well as in chemotherapy, phototherapy, and combined therapy for glioma. Lastly, we provide our perspective on this research field."
7932,brain tumour,38538419,Mapping cortico-cortical evoked potentials to glioma grading and language outcome.,No abstract found
7933,brain tumour,38538274,"NOP14 as a Potential Predictor of Adult-Type Diffuse Glioma Prognosis and Immunotherapy, is Related to Cell Migration, Proliferation, and CD8",World Health Organization (WHO) grade 4 adult-type diffuse glioma is the most malignant primary tumor of the brain. Nucleolar protein 14 (
7934,brain tumour,38538271,Genetic Contributions to Recovery following Brain Trauma: A Narrative Review.,"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a frequently encountered form of injury that can have lifelong implications. Despite advances in prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment, the degree of recovery can vary widely between patients. Much of this is explained by differences in severity of impact and patient-specific comorbidities; however, even among nearly identical patients, stark disparities can arise. Researchers have looked to genetics in recent years as a means of explaining this phenomenon. It has been hypothesized that individual genetic factors can influence initial inflammatory responses, recovery mechanisms, and overall prognoses. In this review, we focus on cytokine polymorphisms, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes, immune cells, and gene therapy given their associated influx of novel research and magnitude of potential. This discussion is prefaced by a thorough background on TBI pathophysiology to better understand where each mechanism fits within the disease process. Cytokine polymorphisms causing unfavorable regulation of genes encoding IL-1β, IL-RA, and TNF-α have been linked to poor TBI outcomes like disability and death. mtDNA haplotype H has been correlated with deleterious effects on TBI recovery time, whereas haplotypes K, T, and J have been depicted as protective with faster recovery times. Immune cell genetics such as microglial differentially expressed genes (DEGs), monocyte receptor genes, and regulatory factors can be both detrimental and beneficial to TBI recovery. Gene therapy in the form of gene modification, inactivation, and editing show promise in improving post-TBI memory, cognition, and neuromotor function. Limitations of this study include a large proportion of cited literature being focused on pre-clinical murine models. Nevertheless, favorable evidence on the role of genetics in TBI recovery continues to grow. We aim for this work to inform interested parties on the current landscape of research, highlight promising targets for gene therapy, and galvanize translation of findings into clinical trials."
7935,brain tumour,38538106,DDR2 signaling and mechanosensing orchestrate neuroblastoma cell fate through different transcriptome mechanisms.,"The extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates carcinogenesis by interacting with cancer cells via cell surface receptors. Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 (DDR2) is a collagen-activated receptor implicated in cell survival, growth, and differentiation. Dysregulated DDR2 expression has been identified in various cancer types, making it as a promising therapeutic target. Additionally, cancer cells exhibit mechanosensing abilities, detecting changes in ECM stiffness, which is particularly important for carcinogenesis given the observed ECM stiffening in numerous cancer types. Despite these, whether collagen-activated DDR2 signaling and ECM stiffness-induced mechanosensing exert similar effects on cancer cell behavior and whether they operate through analogous mechanisms remain elusive. To address these questions, we performed bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells cultured on collagen-coated substrates. Our results show that DDR2 downregulation induces significant changes in the cell transcriptome, with changes in expression of 15% of the genome, specifically affecting the genes associated with cell division and differentiation. We validated the RNA-seq results by showing that DDR2 knockdown redirects the cell fate from proliferation to senescence. Like DDR2 knockdown, increasing substrate stiffness diminishes cell proliferation. Surprisingly, RNA-seq indicates that substrate stiffness has no detectable effect on the transcriptome. Furthermore, DDR2 knockdown influences cellular responses to substrate stiffness changes, highlighting a crosstalk between these two ECM-induced signaling pathways. Based on our results, we propose that the ECM could activate DDR2 signaling and mechanosensing in cancer cells to orchestrate their cell fate through distinct mechanisms, with or without involving gene expression, thus providing novel mechanistic insights into cancer progression."
7936,brain tumour,38538097,Postoperative epidural enhancement in a child with metastatic medulloblastoma.,No abstract found
7937,brain tumour,38537773,OH2 oncolytic virus: A novel approach to glioblastoma intervention through direct targeting of tumor cells and augmentation of anti-tumor immune responses.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), the deadliest central nervous system cancer, presents a poor prognosis and scant therapeutic options. Our research spotlights OH2, an oncolytic viral therapy derived from herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), which demonstrates substantial antitumor activity and favorable tolerance in GBM. The extraordinary efficacy of OH2 emanates from its unique mechanisms: it selectively targets tumor cells replication, powerfully induces cytotoxic DNA damage stress, and kindles anti-tumor immune responses. Through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, we discovered that OH2 not only curtails the proliferation of cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM)-M2 but also bolsters the infiltration of macrophages, CD4"
7938,brain tumour,38537746,DNA damage-regulated autophagy modulator 1 prevents glioblastoma cells proliferation by regulating lysosomal function and autophagic flux stability.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and life-threatening brain tumor, characterized by its highly malignant and recurrent nature. DNA damage-regulated autophagy modulator 1 (DRAM-1) is a p53 target gene encoding a lysosomal protein that induces macro-autophagy and damage-induced programmed cell death in tumor growth. However, the precise mechanisms underlying how DRAM-1 affects tumor cell proliferation through regulation of lysosomal function and autophagic flux stability remain incompletely understood. We found that DRAM-1 expressions were evidently down-regulated in high-grade glioma and recurrent GBM tissues. The upregulation of DRAM-1 could increase mortality of primary cultured GBM cells. TEM analysis revealed an augmented accumulation of aberrant lysosomes in DRAM-1-overexpressing GBM cells. The assay for lysosomal pH and stability also demonstrated decreasing lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and impaired lysosomal acidity. Further research revealed the detrimental impact of lysosomal dysfunction, which impaired the autophagic flux stability and ultimately led to GBM cell death. Moreover, downregulation of mTOR phosphorylation was observed in GBM cells following upregulation of DRAM-1. In vivo and in vitro experiments additionally illustrated that the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin increased GBM cell mortality and exhibited an enhanced antitumor effect."
7939,brain tumour,38537717,M-MDSCs mediated trans-BBB drug delivery for suppression of glioblastoma recurrence post-standard treatment.,"We found that immunosuppressive monocytic-myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) were more likely to be recruited by glioblastoma (GBM) through adhesion molecules on GBM-associated endothelial cells upregulated post-chemoradiotherapy. These cells are continuously generated during tumor progression, entering tumors and expressing PD-L1 at a high level, allowing GBM to exhaust T cells and evade attack from the immune system, thereby facilitating GBM relapse. αLy-6C-LAMP is composed of (i) drug cores with slightly negative charges condensed by cationic protamine and plasmids encoding PD-L1 trap protein, (ii) pre-formulated cationic liposomes targeted to Ly-6C for encapsulating the drug cores, and (iii) a layer of red blood cell membrane on the surface for effectuating long-circulation. αLy-6C-LAMP persistently targets peripheral, especially splenic, M-MDSCs and delivers secretory PD-L1 trap plasmids, leveraging M-MDSCs to transport the plasmids crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thus expressing PD-L1 trap protein in tumors to inhibit PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Our proposed drug delivery strategy involving intermediaries presents an efficient cross-BBB drug delivery concept that incorporates live-cell targeting and long-circulating nanotechnology to address GBM recurrence."
7940,brain tumour,38537596,Regulation of inflammatory response by LINC00346 via miR-25-3p-mediated modulation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway.,"Long intergenic non-coding RNA 346 (LINC00346) has been reported to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis and specific cancers by affecting signaling pathways. However, its function in inflammation has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, its expression pattern and function were determined in the human macrophage-like cell line THP-1. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment induced the expression of LINC00346. LPS-induced NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression were suppressed or enhanced by the overexpression or knockdown of LINC00346, respectively. Analyses using dual luciferase assay and decoy RNAs that could block RNA-RNA interactions indicated that LINC00346 improves phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression by sponging miR-25-3p. Subsequently, PTEN suppresses phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)-mediated conversion of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP"
7941,brain tumour,38537581,Novel hybrid compounds of sclareol and doxorubicin as potential anticancer nanotherapy for glioblastoma.,"Two novel hybrid compounds, CON1 and CON2, have been developed by combining sclareol (SC) and doxorubicin (DOX) into a single molecular entity. These hybrid compounds have a 1:1 molar ratio of covalently linked SC and DOX. They have demonstrated promising anticancer properties, especially in glioblastoma cells, and have also shown potential in treating multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells that express the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) membrane transporter. CON1 and CON2 form nanoparticles, as confirmed by Zetasizer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and chemical modeling. TEM also showed that CON1 and CON2 can be found in glioblastoma cells, specifically in the cytoplasm, different organelles, nucleus, and nucleolus. To examine the anticancer properties, the U87 glioblastoma cell line, and its corresponding multidrug-resistant U87-TxR cell line, as well as patient-derived astrocytoma grade 3 cells (ASC), were used, while normal human lung fibroblasts were used to determine the selectivity. CON1 and CON2 exhibited better resistance and selectivity profiles than DOX, showing less cytotoxicity, as evidenced by real-time cell analysis, DNA damage determination, cell death induction, mitochondrial respiration, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization studies. Cell cycle analysis and the β-galactosidase activity assay suggested that glioblastoma cells die by senescence following CON1 treatment. Overall, CON1 and CON2 showed great potential as they have better anticancer features than DOX. They are promising candidates for additional preclinical and clinical studies on glioblastoma."
7942,brain tumour,38537562,Programmable ultrasound imaging guided theranostic nanodroplet destruction for precision therapy of breast cancer.,"Ultrasound-stimulated contrast agents have gained significant attention in the field of tumor treatment as drug delivery systems. However, their limited drug-loading efficiency and the issue of bulky, imprecise release have resulted in inadequate drug concentrations at targeted tissues. Herein, we developed a highly efficient approach for doxorubicin (DOX) precise release at tumor site and real-time feedback via an integrated strategy of ""programmable ultrasonic imaging guided accurate nanodroplet destruction for drug release"" (PND). We synthesized DOX-loaded nanodroplets (DOX-NDs) with improved loading efficiency (15 %) and smaller size (mean particle size: 358 nm). These DOX-NDs exhibited lower ultrasound activation thresholds (2.46 MPa). By utilizing a single diagnostic transducer for both ultrasound stimulation and imaging guidance, we successfully vaporized the DOX-NDs and released the drug at the tumor site in 4 T1 tumor-bearing mice. Remarkably, the PND group achieved similar tumor remission effects with less than half the dose of DOX required in conventional treatment. Furthermore, the ultrasound-mediated vaporization of DOX-NDs induced tumor cell apoptosis with minimal damage to surrounding normal tissues. In summary, our PND strategy offers a precise and programmable approach for drug delivery and therapy, combining ultrasound imaging guidance. This approach shows great potential in enhancing tumor treatment efficacy while minimizing harm to healthy tissues."
7943,brain tumour,38537521,The relationship between the morningness-eveningness questionnaire and incident cancer: A historical clinical cohort study.,We conducted a retrospective cohort study to explore the relationship between chronotype measured by the total Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) score and incident cancer.
7944,brain tumour,38537315,REVOLUMAB: A phase II trial of nivolumab in recurrent IDH mutant high-grade gliomas.,"Novel effective treatments are needed for recurrent IDH mutant high-grade gliomas (IDHm HGGs). The aim of the multicentric, single-arm, phase II REVOLUMAB trial (NCT03925246) was to assess the efficacy and safety of the anti-PD1 Nivolumab in patients with recurrent IDHm HGGs."
7945,brain tumour,38537294,Generative adversarial network-based synthesis of contrast-enhanced MR images from precontrast images for predicting histological characteristics in breast cancer.,
7946,brain tumour,38537288,Glioma segmentation based on dense contrastive learning and multimodal features recalibration.,"Accurate segmentation of different regions of gliomas from multimodal magnetic resonance (MR) images is crucial for glioma grading and precise diagnosis, but many existing segmentation methods are difficult to effectively utilize multimodal MR image information to recognize accurately the lesion regions with small size, low contrast and irregular shape. To address this issue, this work proposes a novel 3D glioma segmentation model DCL-MANet. DCL-MANet has an architecture of multiple encoders and one single decoder. Each encoder is used to extract MR image features of a given modality. To overcome the entangle problems of multimodal semantic features, a dense contrastive learning (DCL) strategy is presented to extract the modality-specific and common features. Following that, feature recalibration block (RFB) based on modality-wise attention is used to recalibrate the semantic features of each modality, enabling the model to focus on the features that are beneficial for glioma segmentation. These recalibrated features are input into the decoder to obtain the segmentation results. To verify the superiority of the proposed method, we compare it with several state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods in terms of Dice, average symmetric surface distance (ASSD), HD95 and volumetric similarity (Vs). The comparison results show that the average Dice, ASSD, HD95 and Vs of DCL-MANet on all tumor regions are improved at least by 0.66%, 3.47%, 8.94% and 1.07% respectively. For small enhance tumor (ET) region, the corresponding improvement can be up to 0.37%, 7.83%, 11.32%, and 1.35%, respectively. In addition, the ablation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DCL and RFB, and combining them can significantly increase Dice (1.59%) and Vs (1.54%) while decreasing ASSD (40.51%) and HD95 (45.16%) on ET region. The proposed DCL-MANet could disentangle multimodal features and enhance the semantics of modality-dependent features, providing a potential means to accurately segment small lesion regions in gliomas."
7947,brain tumour,38537158,Impact of Broadening Trial Eligibility Criteria on the Inclusion of Patients With Brain Metastases in Cancer Clinical Trials: Time Series Analyses for 2012-2022.,"In October 2017, an ASCO, Friends of Cancer Research (FoCR), and US Food and Drug Administration (ASCO/FoCR/FDA) task force recommended that common eligibility criteria be modified to make trials more inclusive. We examined whether patterns of exclusions regarding patients with brain metastases changed over time in relation to these recommendations."
7948,brain tumour,38537071,Metabolic tumor burden as a prognostic indicator after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer.,There is no standardized assessment for evaluating response although neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAT) is widely accepted for borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic cancer (BRPC or LAPC). This study was aimed to evaluate NAT response using positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose ( 18 F-FDG-PET/CT) parameters alongside carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels.
7949,brain tumour,38537059,An MRI radiomics approach to discriminate haemorrhage-prone intracranial tumours before stereotactic biopsy.,To explore imaging biomarkers predictive of intratumoral haemorrhage for lesions intended for elective stereotactic biopsy.
7950,brain tumour,38536543,Effect of early dose reduction of osimertinib on efficacy in the first-line treatment for EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer.,"Osimertinib is used as the first-line therapy for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, early dose reduction is often required due to adverse events (AEs). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of early dose reduction of osimertinib on efficacy and safety. This was a retrospective study including patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC who were started on osimertinib as the first-line therapy between August 2018 and December 2021. Patients whose doses were reduced to less than 80 mg/day within 6 months of osimertinib initiation or started at 40 mg/day were defined as the dose reduction group. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Factors affecting PFS were explored using the Cox proportional hazards model. A total of 85 patients were included in this study. No significant differences in patient characteristics were observed between the dose reduction (n = 25) and standard dose groups (n = 60). The median PFS in the dose reduction group was significantly prolonged compared with that in the standard dose group (26.0 months vs. 12.0 months, p = 0.03). Multivariable analysis of 84 patients, excluding a patient with unknown brain metastasis, revealed that EGFR exon 21 L858R mutation, malignant pleural effusion or pleural metastasis, liver metastasis, and dose reduction within 6 months were independent factors affecting PFS. Early dose reduction of osimertinib is an effective therapeutic strategy for prolonging PFS in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC."
7951,brain tumour,38535989,"WTAP regulates the production of reactive oxygen species, promotes malignant progression, and is closely related to the tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma.","RNA modifications have been substantiated to regulate the majority of physiological activities in the organism, including the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which plays an important role in cells. As for the effect of RNA modification genes on ROS metabolism in glioblastoma (GBM), it has not been studied yet. Therefore, this study aims to screen the RNA modification genes that are most related to ROS metabolism and explore their effects on the biological behavior of GBM "
7952,brain tumour,38535597,"Challenges in Toxocariasis Diagnosis: From Pericarditis, through Hepatic Tumor, to the Detection of Brain Aneurysms: Case Report.",Toxocariasis is the parasitic infection caused by the larvae of 
7953,brain tumour,38535157,"Pituitary Adenoma in the Philippines: A Scoping Review on the Treatment Gaps, Challenges, and Current State of Care.","Pituitary adenomas are benign brain tumors that impose a heavy burden on patients worldwide. The local burden of disease is yet to be established due to scarcity of data. In line with this, this study aims to present the challenges and gaps in the treatment of pituitary adenomas in the Philippines."
7954,brain tumour,38535156,Survival Analysis of Male Patients with Brain Metastases at Initial Breast Cancer Diagnosis over the Last Decade.,"Breast cancer in men represents approximately 1% of all breast cancer diagnoses. Among all patients with breast cancer, approximately 30% will develop brain metastases. Over the past decade, there have been multiple advances in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer; however, long-term outcomes of this presentation in male patients are lacking. We evaluated male patients with de novo stage IV breast cancer using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2019. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and differences between groups were compared using log rank tests. In total, 22 male patients with brain metastases at initial breast cancer diagnosis were included. Patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative tumors had the longest OS (median 13 months). Factors associated with shorter overall survival were advanced age, unmarried marital status, lower household income, and grade III disease, among others. Brain metastases remains an unmet medical need for patients with breast cancer; the development of new drugs may provide an improvement in overall survival for male patients in the future."
7955,brain tumour,38535038,Tumor-like Lesions in Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System: The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differential Diagnosis.,"Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System (PACNS) is a rare disease and its diagnosis is a challenge for several reasons, including the lack of specificity of the main findings highlighted in the current diagnostic criteria. Among the neuroimaging pattern of PACNS, a tumefactive form (t-PACNS) is a rare subtype and its differential diagnosis mainly relies on neuroimaging. Tumor-like mass lesions in the brain are a heterogeneous category including tumors (in particular, primary brain tumors such as glial tumors and lymphoma), inflammatory (e.g., t-PACNS, tumefactive demyelinating lesions, and neurosarcoidosis), and infectious diseases (e.g., neurotoxoplasmosis). In this review, the main features of t-PACNS are addressed and the main differential diagnoses from a neuroimaging perspective (mainly Magnetic Resonance Imaging-MRI-techniques) are described, including conventional and advanced MRI."
7956,brain tumour,38534959,Outcomes of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Brain Metastases Treated with the Upfront Single Agent Pembrolizumab: A Retrospective and Multicentric Study of the ESCKEYP GFPC Cohort.,"Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cause of brain metastasis (BM). Little is known about immune checkpoint inhibitor activity in the central nervous system, especially in patients receiving monotherapy for tumors with a tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥ 50%. This noninterventional, retrospective, multicenter study, conducted with the GFPC, included treatment-naïve patients strongly positive for PD-L1 (TPS ≥ 50%) with BM receiving first-line single-agent pembrolizumab treatment between May 2017 and November 2019. The primary endpoints were centrally reviewed intracranial overall response rates (ORRs), centrally reviewed intracranial progression-free survival (cPFS), extracranial PFS, and overall survival were secondary endpoints. Forty-three patients from five centers were included. Surgical or local radiation therapy was administered to 31 (72%) patients, mostly before initiating ICI therapy (25/31). Among 38/43 (88.4%) evaluable patients, the intracranial ORR was 73%. The median PFS was 8.3 months. The cerebral and extracerebral median PFS times were 9.2 and 5.3 months, respectively. The median OS was 25.5 months. According to multivariate analysis, BM surgery before ICI therapy was the only factor significantly associated with both improved PFS (HR = 0.44) and OS (HR = 0.45). This study revealed the feasibility and outcome of front-line pembrolizumab treatment in this population with BM."
7957,brain tumour,38534921,Spatially Resolved Microglia/Macrophages in Recurrent Glioblastomas Overexpress Fatty Acid Metabolism and Phagocytic Genes.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are rich in tumor-associated microglia/macrophages. Changes associated with treatment in this specific cell population are poorly understood. Therefore, we studied changes in gene expression of tumor-associated microglia/macrophages (Iba1+) cells in de novo versus recurrent GBMs."
7958,brain tumour,38534540,Brain Tumor Detection and Categorization with Segmentation of Improved Unsupervised Clustering Approach and Machine Learning Classifier.,"There is no doubt that brain tumors are one of the leading causes of death in the world. A biopsy is considered the most important procedure in cancer diagnosis, but it comes with drawbacks, including low sensitivity, risks during biopsy treatment, and a lengthy wait for results. Early identification provides patients with a better prognosis and reduces treatment costs. The conventional methods of identifying brain tumors are based on medical professional skills, so there is a possibility of human error. The labor-intensive nature of traditional approaches makes healthcare resources expensive. A variety of imaging methods are available to detect brain tumors, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Medical imaging research is being advanced by computer-aided diagnostic processes that enable visualization. Using clustering, automatic tumor segmentation leads to accurate tumor detection that reduces risk and helps with effective treatment. This study proposed a better Fuzzy C-Means segmentation algorithm for MRI images. To reduce complexity, the most relevant shape, texture, and color features are selected. The improved Extreme Learning machine classifies the tumors with 98.56% accuracy, 99.14% precision, and 99.25% recall. The proposed classifier consistently demonstrates higher accuracy across all tumor classes compared to existing models. Specifically, the proposed model exhibits accuracy improvements ranging from 1.21% to 6.23% when compared to other models. This consistent enhancement in accuracy emphasizes the robust performance of the proposed classifier, suggesting its potential for more accurate and reliable brain tumor classification. The improved algorithm achieved accuracy, precision, and recall rates of 98.47%, 98.59%, and 98.74% on the Fig share dataset and 99.42%, 99.75%, and 99.28% on the Kaggle dataset, respectively, which surpasses competing algorithms, particularly in detecting glioma grades. The proposed algorithm shows an improvement in accuracy, of approximately 5.39%, in the Fig share dataset and of 6.22% in the Kaggle dataset when compared to existing models. Despite challenges, including artifacts and computational complexity, the study's commitment to refining the technique and addressing limitations positions the improved FCM model as a noteworthy advancement in the realm of precise and efficient brain tumor identification."
7959,brain tumour,38534332,Exploring Regorafenib Responsiveness and Uncovering Molecular Mechanisms in Recurrent Glioblastoma Tumors through Longitudinal In Vitro Sampling.,"Glioblastoma, a deadly brain tumor, shows limited response to standard therapies like temozolomide (TMZ). Recent findings from the REGOMA trial underscore a significant survival improvement offered by Regorafenib (REGO) in recurrent glioblastoma. Our study aimed to propose a 3D ex vivo drug response precision medicine approach to investigate recurrent glioblastoma sensitivity to REGO and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in tumor resistance or responsiveness to treatment. Three-dimensional glioblastoma organoids (GB-EXPs) obtained from 18 patients' resected recurrent glioblastoma tumors were treated with TMZ and REGO. Drug responses were evaluated using NAD(P)H FLIM, stratifying tumors as responders (Resp) or non-responders (NRs). Whole-exome sequencing was performed on 16 tissue samples, and whole-transcriptome analysis on 13 GB-EXPs treated and untreated. We found 35% (n = 9) and 77% (n = 20) of tumors responded to TMZ and REGO, respectively, with no instances of TMZ-Resp being REGO-NRs. Exome analysis revealed a unique mutational profile in REGO-Resp tumors compared to NR tumors. Transcriptome analysis identified distinct expression patterns in Resp and NR tumors, impacting Rho GTPase and NOTCH signaling, known to be involved in drug response. In conclusion, recurrent glioblastoma tumors were more responsive to REGO compared to TMZ treatment. Importantly, our approach enables a comprehensive longitudinal exploration of the molecular changes induced by treatment, unveiling promising biomarkers indicative of drug response."
7960,brain tumour,38534215,vNARs as Neutralizing Intracellular Therapeutic Agents: Glioblastoma as a Target.,"Glioblastoma is the most prevalent and fatal form of primary brain tumors. New targeted therapeutic strategies for this type of tumor are imperative given the dire prognosis for glioblastoma patients and the poor results of current multimodal therapy. Previously reported drawbacks of antibody-based therapeutics include the inability to translocate across the blood-brain barrier and reach intracellular targets due to their molecular weight. These disadvantages translate into poor target neutralization and cancer maintenance. Unlike conventional antibodies, vNARs can permeate tissues and recognize conformational or cryptic epitopes due to their stability, CDR3 amino acid sequence, and smaller molecular weight. Thus, vNARs represent a potential antibody format to use as intrabodies or soluble immunocarriers. This review comprehensively summarizes key intracellular pathways in glioblastoma cells that induce proliferation, progression, and cancer survival to determine a new potential targeted glioblastoma therapy based on previously reported vNARs. The results seek to support the next application of vNARs as single-domain antibody drug-conjugated therapies, which could overcome the disadvantages of conventional monoclonal antibodies and provide an innovative approach for glioblastoma treatment."
7961,brain tumour,38533683,Molecular networking-guided investigation of the secondary metabolome of four ,"Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a fatal age-related neurodegenerative condition with a multifactorial etiology contributing to 70% of dementia globally. The search for a multi-target agent to hit different targets involved in the pathogenesis of AD is crucial. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of four "
7962,brain tumour,38533081,Significance of navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation and tractography to preserve motor function in patients undergoing surgery for motor eloquent gliomas.,"Resection of gliomas in or close to motor areas is at high risk for morbidity and development of surgery-related deficits. Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) including nTMS-based tractography is suitable for presurgical planning and risk assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of postoperative motor status and the spatial relation to motor eloquent brain tissue in order to increase the understanding of postoperative motor deficits. Patient data, nTMS examinations and imaging studies were retrospectively reviewed, corticospinal tracts (CST) were reconstructed with two different approaches of nTMS-based seeding. Postoperative imaging and nTMS-augmented preoperative imaging were merged to identify the relation between motor positive cortical and subcortical areas and the resection cavity. 38 tumor surgeries were performed in 36 glioma patients (28.9% female) aged 55.1 ± 13.8 years. Mean distance between the CST and the lesion was 6.9 ± 5.1 mm at 75% of the patient-individual fractional anisotropy threshold and median tumor volume reduction was 97.7 ± 11.6%. The positive predictive value for permanent deficits after resection of nTMS positive areas was 66.7% and the corresponding negative predictive value was 90.6%. Distances between the resection cavity and the CST were higher in patients with postoperative stable motor function. Extent of resection and distance between resection cavity and CST correlated well. The present study strongly supports preoperative nTMS as an important surgical tool for preserving motor function in glioma patients at risk."
7963,brain tumour,38532826,Neuropathology and epilepsy surgery - 2024 update.,"Neuropathology-based studies in neurosurgically resected brain tissue obtained from carefully examined patients with focal epilepsies remain a treasure box for excellent insights into human neuroscience, including avenues to better understand the neurobiology of human brain organization and neuronal hyperexcitability at the cellular level including glio-neuronal interaction. It also allows to translate results from animal models in order to develop personalized treatment strategies in the near future. A nice example of this is the discovery of a new disease entity in 2017, termed mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy or MOGHE, in the frontal lobe of young children with intractable seizures. In 2021, a brain somatic missense mutation of the galactose transporter SLC35A2 leading to altered glycosylation of lipoproteins in the Golgi apparatus was detected in 50 % of MOGHE samples. In 2023, the first clinical trial evaluated galactose supplementation in patients with histopathologically confirmed MOGHE carrying brain somatic "
7964,brain tumour,38532825,"Heterogeneity of DNA methylation profiles and copy number alterations in 10782 adult-type glioblastomas, IDH-wildtype.","The morphological patterns leading to the diagnosis of glioblastoma may also commonly be observed in several other distinct tumor entities, which can result in a mixed bag of tumors subsumed under this diagnosis. The 2021 WHO Classification of CNS Tumors has separated several of these entities from the diagnosis of glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype. This study determines the DNA methylation classes most likely receiving the diagnosis glioblastoma, IDH wildtype according to the definition by the WHO 2021 Classification and provides comparative copy number analyses. We identified 10782 methylome datasets uploaded to the web page www.molecularneuropathology.org with a calibrated score of ≥0.9 by the Heidelberg Brain Tumor Classifier version v12.8. These methylation classes were characterized by the diagnosis glioblastoma being the most frequent classification encountered in each of the classes according to the WHO 2021 definition. Further, methylation classes selected for this study predominantly contained adult patients. Unsupervised clustering confirmed the presence of nine methylation classes containing tumors most likely receiving the diagnosis glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype according to the WHO 2021 definition. Copy number analysis and a focus on genes with typical numerical alterations in glioblastoma revealed clear differences between the nine methylation classes. Although great progress in diagnostic precision has been achieved over the last decade, our data clearly demonstrate that glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype still is a heterogeneous group in need of further stratification."
7965,brain tumour,38532729,Serplulimab monotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer with brain metastasis: a case report.,"Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive form of lung cancer with limited treatment options, especially for extensive-stage (ES) patients. We present a case of a 70-year-old male with ES-SCLC and asymptomatic brain metastasis who opted for immune monotherapy with serplulimab (an anti-PD-1 antibody). After four cycles, the patient achieved a confirmed partial response and a progression-free survival of over 1 year. Moreover, we observed a consistent decline in tumor biomarkers, and brain MRI indicated reduced metastatic activity. Remarkably, the patient tolerated the treatment well, with only mild diarrhea. This case highlights serplulimab's potential as a first-line treatment in select ES-SCLC patients, emphasizing the importance of further research on immunotherapy predictive biomarkers."
7966,brain tumour,38532508,MRC1 and LYVE1 expressing macrophages in vascular beds of GNAQ p.R183Q driven capillary malformations in Sturge Weber syndrome.,"Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS), a neurocutaneous disorder, is characterized by capillary malformations (CM) in the skin, brain, and eyes. Patients may suffer from seizures, strokes, and glaucoma, and only symptomatic treatment is available. CM are comprised of enlarged vessels with endothelial cells (ECs) and disorganized mural cells. Our recent finding indicated that the R183Q mutation in ECs leads to heightened signaling through phospholipase Cβ3 and protein kinase C, leading to increased angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2). Furthermore, knockdown of ANGPT2, a crucial mediator of pro-angiogenic signaling, inflammation, and vascular remodeling, in EC-R183Q rescued the enlarged vessel phenotype in vivo. This prompted us to look closer at the microenvironment in CM-affected vascular beds. We analyzed multiple brain histological sections from patients with GNAQ-R183Q CM and found enlarged vessels devoid of mural cells along with increased macrophage-like cells co-expressing MRC1 (CD206, a mannose receptor), CD163 (a scavenger receptor and marker of the monocyte/macrophage lineage), CD68 (a pan macrophage marker), and LYVE1 (a lymphatic marker expressed by some macrophages). These macrophages were not found in non-SWS control brain sections. To investigate the mechanism of increased macrophages in the perivascular environment, we examined THP1 (monocytic/macrophage cell line) cell adhesion to EC-R183Q versus EC-WT under static and laminar flow conditions. First, we observed increased THP1 cell adhesion to EC-R183Q compared to EC-WT under static conditions. Next, using live cell imaging, we found THP1 cell adhesion to EC-R183Q was dramatically increased under laminar flow conditions and could be inhibited by anti-ICAM1. ICAM1, an endothelial cell adhesion molecule required for leukocyte adhesion, was strongly expressed in the endothelium in SWS brain histological sections, suggesting a mechanism for recruitment of macrophages. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that macrophages are an important component of the perivascular environment in CM suggesting they may contribute to the CM formation and SWS disease progression."
7967,brain tumour,38532312,High expression of RTEL1 predicates worse progression in gliomas and promotes tumorigenesis through JNK/ELK1 cascade.,"Gliomas are the most common primary intracranial tumor worldwide. The maintenance of telomeres serves as an important biomarker of some subtypes of glioma. In order to investigate the biological role of RTEL1 in glioma. Relative telomere length (RTL) and RTEL1 mRNA was explored and regression analysis was performed to further examine the relationship of the RTL and the expression of RTEL1 with clinicopathological characteristics of glioma patients. We observed that high expression of RTEL1 is positively correlated with telomere length in glioma tissue, and serve as a poor prognostic factor in TERT wild-type patients. Further in vitro studies demonstrate that RTEL1 promoted proliferation, formation, migration and invasion ability of glioma cells. In addition, in vivo studies also revealed the oncogene role of RTEL1 in glioma. Further study using RNA sequence and phospho-specific antibody microarray assays identified JNK/ELK1 signaling was up-regulated by RTEL1 in glioma cells through ROS. In conclusion, our results suggested that RTEL1 promotes glioma tumorigenesis through JNK/ELK1 cascade and indicate that RTEL1 may be a prognostic biomarker in gliomas."
7968,brain tumour,38532178,Performance of intraoperative neurocognitive tests during awake surgery for patients with diffuse low-grade glioma.,"Despite great advancements and the diffusion of awake surgery for brain tumors, the literature shows that the tests applied during the procedure are heterogeneous and non-standardized. This prospective, observational, descriptive study collected data on intraoperative brain mapping and the performance of multiple neurocognitive tests in 51 awake surgeries for diffuse low-grade glioma. Frequency of use and rate of intraoperative findings of different neurocognitive tests were analyzed. Patients mean age at the time of surgery was 35.1 (20-57) years. We performed 26 (51.0%) surgeries on the left hemisphere (LH) and 25 (49.0%) on the right hemisphere (RH). Significant differences were observed between the total number of functional findings (cortical and subcortical) identified in the LH and RH (p = 0.004). In subcortical findings alone, the differences remained significant (p = 0.0004). The RH subcortical region showed the lowest number of intraoperative findings, and this was correlated with functional outcome: Karnofsky performance scale at five days (p = 0.022), three months (p = 0.002) and one year (p = 0.002) post-surgery. On average, more tests were used to map the RH, with a lower frequency of both cortical and subcortical functional findings. Even though subcortical findings were less frequent than cortical findings, they were crucial to defining the resection margins. Based on the intraoperative findings, frequency of use, and rate of findings per use of the tests analyzed, the most relevant tests for each hemisphere for awake brain mapping were identified."
7969,brain tumour,38532150,Exploring the combined anti-cancer effects of sodium butyrate and celastrol in glioblastoma cell lines: a novel therapeutic approach.,"Glioblastoma, a highly aggressive and lethal brain cancer, lacks effective treatment options and has a poor prognosis. In our study, we explored the potential anti-cancer effects of sodium butyrate (SB) and celastrol (CEL) in two glioblastoma cell lines. SB, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and CEL, derived from the tripterygium wilfordii plant, act as mTOR and proteasome inhibitors. Both can cross the blood-brain barrier, and they exhibit chemo- and radiosensitive properties in various cancer models. GB cell lines LN-405 and T98G were treated with SB and CEL. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay and IC50 values were obtained. Gene expression of DNA repair, apoptosis, and autophagy-related genes was analyzed by RT-PCR. Cell cycle distribution was determined using flow cytometry. Viability assays using MTT assay revealed IC50 values of 26 mM and 22.7 mM for SB and 6.77 μM, and 9.11 μM for CEL in LN-405 and T98G cells, respectively. Furthermore, we examined the expression levels of DNA repair genes (MGMT, MLH-1, MSH-2, MSH-6), apoptosis genes (caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9), and an autophagy gene (ATG-6) using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis revealed alterations in cell cycle distribution following treatment with SB, CEL and their combination. These findings indicate that SB and CEL may act through multiple mechanisms, including DNA repair inhibition, apoptosis induction, and autophagy modulation, to exert their anti-cancer effects in glioblastoma cells. This is the first study providing novel insights into the potential therapeutic effects of SB and CEL in glioblastoma."
7970,brain tumour,38532028,PDGFRA K385 mutants in myxoid glioneuronal tumors promote receptor dimerization and oncogenic signaling.,"Myxoid glioneuronal tumors (MGNT) are low-grade glioneuronal neoplasms composed of oligodendrocyte-like cells in a mucin-rich stroma. These tumors feature a unique dinucleotide change at codon 385 in the platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (encoded by the PDGFRA gene), resulting in the substitution of lysine 385 into leucine or isoleucine. The functional consequences of these mutations remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrated their oncogenic potential in fibroblast and Ba/F3 transformation assays. We showed that the K385I and K385L mutants activate STAT and AKT signaling in the absence of ligand. Co-immunoprecipitations and BRET experiments suggested that the mutations stabilized the active dimeric conformation of the receptor, pointing to a new mechanism of oncogenic PDGF receptor activation. Furthermore, we evaluated the sensitivity of these mutants to three FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors: imatinib, dasatinib, and avapritinib, which effectively suppressed the constitutive activity of the mutant receptors. Finally, K385 substitution into another hydrophobic amino acid also activated the receptor. Interestingly, K385M was reported in a few cases of brain tumors but not in MGNT. Our results provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the activation of PDGFRα by the K385I/L mutations, highlighting their potential as actionable targets in the treatment of myxoid glioneuronal tumors."
7971,brain tumour,38531858,A Shifting Paradigm Toward Family-Centered Care in Neuro-Oncology: A Longitudinal Quasi-Experimental Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study.,"Family-centered intervention can help families facing illness-related issues. We investigated the feasibility of Family and Network Conversations (FNCs) in high-grade glioma patients and their families. Quasi-experimental feasibility study with longitudinal mixed-methods design. Patients and families were invited to three FNCs over 1 year. They completed questionnaires at four time points and expressed their perspectives on the intervention through telephone interviews. Nurses' perspectives were collected in a focus group. Twenty-one patients and 47 family members were included. On average, patients were 66 years old, mainly male, married, living with caregivers, with unifocal cancer. On average, caregivers were 47 years old, mainly female, being spouses or children of the patient. Quantitative and qualitative data did not always match and expanded each other. Nurse-delivered FNCs holistically addressed families' needs while strengthening family's dialogue and union. Nurses felt empowered, underling that advanced competencies were required. Nurse-delivered FNCs are feasible to provide family-centered care, but they should be tailored to each family's needs."
7972,brain tumour,38531662,Impact of immunotherapy time-of-day infusion on survival and immunologic correlates in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a multicenter cohort analysis.,Recent studies have demonstrated that earlier time-of-day infusion of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is associated with longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) among patients with metastatic melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. These data are in line with growing preclinical evidence that the adaptive immune response may be more effectively stimulated earlier in the day. We sought to determine the impact of time-of-day ICI infusions on outcomes among patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).
7973,brain tumour,38531626,Extent of investigation and management of cases of 'unexplained' mismatch repair deficiency (u-dMMR): a UK Cancer Genetics Group consensus.,"Mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) is a characteristic feature of cancers linked to Lynch syndrome. However, in most cases, it results from sporadic somatic events rather than hereditary factors. The term 'Lynch-like syndrome' (LLS) has been used to guide colorectal cancer surveillance for relatives of individuals with a dMMR tumour when somatic and germline genomic testing is uninformative. As the assessment of mismatch repair through immunohistochemistry and/or microsatellite instability is increasingly applied across various tumour types for treatment planning, dMMR is increasingly detected in tumours where suspicion of hereditary aetiology is low. Our objective was to establish current practices and develop national guidance for investigating, and managing relatives of, patients with cancers demonstrating unexplained dMMR."
7974,brain tumour,38531616,Signature reversion of three disease-associated gene signatures prioritizes cancer drug repurposing candidates.,"Drug repurposing is promising because approving a drug for a new indication requires fewer resources than approving a new drug. Signature reversion detects drug perturbations most inversely related to the disease-associated gene signature to identify drugs that may reverse that signature. We assessed the performance and biological relevance of three approaches for constructing disease-associated gene signatures (i.e., limma, DESeq2, and MultiPLIER) and prioritized the resulting drug repurposing candidates for four low-survival human cancers. Our results were enriched for candidates that had been used in clinical trials or performed well in the PRISM drug screen. Additionally, we found that pamidronate and nimodipine, drugs predicted to be efficacious against the brain tumor glioblastoma (GBM), inhibited the growth of a GBM cell line and cells isolated from a patient-derived xenograft (PDX). Our results demonstrate that by applying multiple disease-associated gene signature methods, we prioritized several drug repurposing candidates for low-survival cancers."
7975,brain tumour,38531606,"Synthesis, characterization, and anti-inflammatory properties of novel ethyl 3-benzoyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)indolizine-1-carboxylate derivatives: In silico and in vitro analysis.","Series of 7-(Trifluoromethyl) substituted indolizine 4a-g was synthesized using the one-pot method. Spectroscopic techniques such as IR, "
7976,brain tumour,38531471,A Simple Scoring System for Predicting the Risk of Delayed Hyponatremia After Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas.,"To identify high-risk patients for delayed postoperative hyponatremia (DPH) early, we constructed a simple and effective scoring system."
7977,brain tumour,38531243,A study on the treatment of brain tumors with BNCT using several moderators with different thicknesses.,"Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an effective binary radiation therapy that depends on nuclear capture reactions. In recent years, BNCT can be performed without a reactor owing to the development of accelerator-based neutron sources. A new BNCT irradiation facility is proposed, which is based on a 15 mA 2.5 MeV proton accelerator with a 100 μm thickness natural lithium target as a neutron converter. A great quantity of studies has shown that neutron beams with different spectra have unique therapeutic effects on tumors. An appropriate neutron beam for BNCT is obtained by Beam Shaping Assembly (BSA) and the moderator plays a main role in determining the BSA outlet beam spectrum. To figure out the dose distribution in phantom with various kinds of neutron spectrum modes during BNCT, a series of cases are calculated by MCNPX code. The results give a database for treatment of brain tumors with BNCT by using different moderators."
7978,brain tumour,38531150,Discovery of cinnamylaldehyde-derived mono-carbonyl curcumin analogs as anti-gastric cancer agents via suppression of STAT3 and AKT pathway.,"The structural modification of curcumin has always been a hotspot in drug development. In this paper, a class of cinnamylaldehyde-derived mono-carbonyl curcumin analogs (MCAs) with 7-carbon-links were designed and synthesized and their anticancer properties were evaluated. Through screening anti-gastric cancer activity of these compounds, H1 exhibited the strongest cytotoxic activity by inhibiting cell viability and colony formation, inducing cell cycle G2/M phase arrest in vitro (SGC-7901 and AGS gastric cancer cells). Moreover, the SGC-7901 subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice studies revealed that H1 significantly inhibited the tumor growth of gastric cancer. We explored the possible potential targets of H1 through network pharmacology. Mechanistically, our results demonstrated that H1 showed potential anti-gastric cancer activity through suppression of the STAT3 and AKT signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo, which was validated by molecular docking. Overall, our results indicate the potential of H1 as a potent chemotherapeutic drug against gastric cancer."
7979,brain tumour,38531086,Commentary: Microsurgical Resection of a Medulla Oblongata Cavernoma: 3-Dimensional Operative Video.,No abstract found
7980,brain tumour,38531084,Optimization of direct cortical stimulation using tibial versus median nerve sensory mapping during midline brain tumor resection: illustrative case.,"During brain tumor resection, neurophysiological mapping and monitoring help surgeons locate, characterize, and functionally assess eloquent brain areas in real time. The selection of mapping and monitoring targets has implications for successful surgery. Here, the authors compare direct cortical stimulation (DCS) as suggested by median nerve (MN) with posterior tibial nerve (PTN) cortical sensory mapping (SM) during mesial lesion resection."
7981,brain tumour,38531023,A Validated Highly Sensitive Microsatellite Instability Assay Accurately Identifies Individuals Harboring Biallelic Germline PMS2 Pathogenic Variants in Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency.,"Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) is a rare and extraordinarily penetrant childhood-onset cancer predisposition syndrome. Genetic diagnosis is often hampered by the identification of mismatch repair (MMR) variants of unknown significance and difficulties in PMS2 analysis, the most frequently mutated gene in CMMRD. We present the validation of a robust functional tool for CMMRD diagnosis and the characterization of microsatellite instability (MSI) patterns in blood and tumors."
7982,brain tumour,38530974,Conductive and Enhanced Mechanical Strength of Mo,"Bone defects are common with increasing high-energy fractures, tumor bone invasion, and implantation revision surgery. Bone is an electroactive tissue that has electromechanical interaction with collogen, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Hydrogel provides morphological plasticity and extracellular matrix (ECM) 3D structures for cell survival, and is widely used as a bone engineering material. However, the hydrogels have poor mechanical intensity and lack of cell adhesion, slow gelation time, and limited conductivity. MXenes are novel nanomaterials with hydrophilic groups that sense cell electrophysiology and improve hydrogel electric conductivity. Herein, gelatin had multiple active groups (NH2, OH, and COOH) and an accelerated gelation time. Acrylamide has Schiff base bonds to cross-link with gelatin and absorb metal ions. Deacetylated chitosan improved cell adhesion and active groups to connect MXene and acrylamide. We constructed Mo"
7983,brain tumour,38530629,Recent Status of Phase I Clinical Trials for Brain Tumors: A Regulatory Science Study of Exploratory Efficacy Endpoints.,"Appropriate exploratory efficacy data from Phase I trials are vital for subsequent phases. Owing to the uniqueness of brain tumors (BTs), use of different strategies to evaluate efficacy is warranted. We studied exploratory efficacy evaluation in Phase I trials involving BTs."
7984,brain tumour,38530549,"A systematic review of extraneural meningioma metastasis: timing, evolution and outlook.","Extraneural meningioma metastasis is a rare occurrence and may pose a clinical challenge due to its unclear prognosis. In this systematic review, we analyze patient demographics, clinical characteristics, management strategies, and outcomes."
7985,brain tumour,38530545,Glioblastoma stem cell metabolism and immunity.,"Despite enormous efforts being invested in the development of novel therapies for brain malignancies, there remains a dire need for effective treatments, particularly for pediatric glioblastomas. Their poor prognosis has been attributed to the fact that conventional therapies target tumoral cells, but not glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs are characterized by self-renewal, tumorigenicity, poor differentiation, and resistance to therapy. These characteristics represent the fundamental tools needed to recapitulate the tumor and result in a relapse. The mechanisms by which GSCs alter metabolic cues and escape elimination by immune cells are discussed in this article, along with potential strategies to harness effector immune cells against GSCs. As cellular immunotherapy is making significant advances in a variety of cancers, leveraging this underexplored reservoir may result in significant improvements in the treatment options for brain malignancies."
7986,brain tumour,38530428,Perfusion percentage signal recovery and a mundane chicken wire: what could they have to do in oligodendrogliomas?,No abstract found
7987,brain tumour,38530160,A Phase 0/I Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamics and Safety and Tolerability Study of Letrozole in Combination with Standard Therapy in Recurrent High-Grade Gliomas.,"High-grade gliomas (HGG) carry a poor prognosis, with glioblastoma accounting for almost 50% of primary brain malignancies in the elderly. Unfortunately, despite the use of multiple treatment modalities, the prognosis remains poor in this population. Our preclinical studies suggest that the presence of aromatase expression, encoded by CYP19A1, is significantly upregulated in HGGs. Remarkably, we find that letrozole (LTZ), an FDA-approved aromatase inhibitor, has marked activity against HGGs."
7988,brain tumour,38530004,Intraoperative MRI: A Review of Applications Across Neurosurgical Specialties.,"Intraoperative MRI (iMRI) made its debut to great fanfare in the mid-1990s. However, the enthusiasm for this technology with seemingly obvious benefits for neurosurgeons has waned. We review the benefits and utility of iMRI across the field of neurosurgery and present an overview of the evidence for iMRI for multiple neurosurgical disciplines: tumor, skull base, vascular, pediatric, functional, and spine. Publications on iMRI have steadily increased since 1996, plateauing with approximately 52 publications per year since 2011. Tumor surgery, especially glioma surgery, has the most evidence for the use of iMRI contributing more than 50% of all iMRI publications, with increased rates of gross total resection in both adults and children, providing a potential survival benefit. Across multiple neurosurgical disciplines, the ability to use a multitude of unique sequences (diffusion tract imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, blood oxygenation level-dependent) allows for specialization of imaging for various types of surgery. Generally, iMRI allows for consideration of anatomic changes and real-time feedback on surgical outcomes such as extent of resection and instrument (screw, lead, electrode) placement. However, implementation of iMRI is limited by cost and feasibility, including the need for installation, shielding, and compatible tools. Evidence for iMRI use varies greatly by specialty, with the most evidence for tumor, vascular, and pediatric neurosurgery. The benefits of real-time anatomic imaging, a lack of radiation, and evaluation of surgical outcomes are limited by the cost and difficulty of iMRI integration. Nonetheless, the ability to ensure patients are provided by a maximal yet safe treatment that specifically accounts for their own anatomy and highlights why iMRI is a valuable and underutilized tool across multiple neurosurgical subspecialties."
7989,brain tumour,38529997,Impact of Molecular Subgroups on Prognosis and Survival Outcomes in Posterior Fossa Ependymomas: A Retrospective Study of 412 Cases.,"Posterior fossa ependymomas (PFEs) are rare brain tumors classified as PF-EPN-A (PFA) and PF-EPN-B (PFB) subgroups. The study aimed to evaluate the prognosis and survival outcomes in PFEs, with a focus on the impact of molecular subgroups."
7990,brain tumour,38529810,Medulloblastoma in a child with osteoma cutis - a rare association due to loss of ,Inactivating 
7991,brain tumour,38529509,Overcoming brain-derived therapeutic resistance in HER2+ breast cancer brain metastasis.,"Brain metastasis of HER2+ breast cancer occurs in about 50% of all women with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer and confers poor prognosis for patients. Despite effective HER2-targeted treatments of peripheral HER2+ breast cancer with Trastuzumab +/-HER2 inhibitors, limited brain permeability renders these treatments inefficient for HER2+ breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM). The scarcity of suitable patient-derived in-vivo models for HER2+ BCBM has compromised the study of molecular mechanisms that promote growth and therapeutic resistance in brain metastasis. We have generated and characterized new HER2+ BCBM cells (BCBM94) isolated from a patient HER2+ brain metastasis. Repeated hematogenic xenografting of BCBM94 consistently generated BCBM in mice. The clinically used receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (RTKi) Lapatinib blocked phosphorylation of all ErbB1-4 receptors and induced the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in BCBM94. Neuregulin-1 (NRG1), a ligand for ErbB3 and ErbB4 that is abundantly expressed in the brain, was able to rescue Lapatinib-induced apoptosis and clonogenic ability in BCBM94 and in HER2+ BT474. ErbB3 was essential to mediate the NRG1-induced survival pathway that involved PI3K-AKT signalling and the phosphorylation of BAD at serine 136 to prevent apoptosis. High throughput RTKi screening identified the brain penetrable Poziotinib as highly potent compound to reduce cell viability in HER2+ BCBM in the presence of NRG1. Successful in-vivo ablation of BCBM94- and BT474-derived HER2+ brain tumors was achieved upon two weeks of treatment with Poziotinib. MRI revealed BCBM remission upon poziotinib, but not with Lapatinib treatment. In conclusion, we have established a new patient-derived HER2+ BCBM in-vivo model and identified Poziotinib as highly efficacious RTKi with excellent brain penetrability that abrogated HER2+ BCBM brain tumors in our mouse models."
7992,brain tumour,38529380,A dynamic study of VEGF-A siDOX-EVs trafficking through the ,"Modeling the blood-brain barrier has long been a challenge for pharmacological studies. Up to the present, numerous attempts have been devoted to recapitulating the endothelial barrier "
7993,brain tumour,38529286,Novel prognostic biomarker TBC1D1 is associated with immunotherapy resistance in gliomas.,"Glioma, an aggressive brain tumor, poses a challenge in understanding the mechanisms of treatment resistance, despite promising results from immunotherapy."
7994,brain tumour,38528871,Comparison of computed tomography perfusion and magnetic resonance dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion-weighted imaging in canine brain.,"Brain perfusion allows for the evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics, particularly in brain infarcts and tumors. Computed tomography (CT) perfusion (CTP) provides reliable data; however, it has a limited scan field of view and radiation exposure. Magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion provides detailed imaging of small structures and a wide scan field of view. However, no study has compared CTP and MR perfusion and assessed the correlation between the perfusion parameters measured using CTP and MR perfusion. The aim of the present study was to assess the correlation and agreement of the cerebral perfusion derived from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)-MRI and CTP in dogs. In this crossover design study, the cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), mean transit time, and time to peak were measured in the temporal cerebral cortex, caudate nucleus, thalamus, piriform lobe, and hippocampus using CTP and DSC-MRI in six healthy beagle dogs and a dog with a pituitary tumor. On the color map of healthy beagles, blood vessels and the perivascular brain parenchyma appeared as red-green, indicating high perfusion, and the areas distant from the vessels appeared as green-blue, indicating low perfusion levels in CTP and DSC-MRI. CTP parameters were highest in the piriform lobe (CBF = 121.11 ± 12.78 mL/100 g/min and CBV = 8.70 ± 2.04 mL/100 g) and lowest in the thalamus (CBF = 63.75 ± 25.24 mL/100 g/min and CBV = 4.02 ± 0.55 mL/100 g). DSC-MRI parameters were also highest in the piriform lobe (CBF = 102.31 ± 14.73 mL/100 g/min and CBV = 3.17 ± 1.23 mL/100 g) and lowest in the thalamus (CBF = 37.73 ± 25.11 mL/100 g/min and CBV = 0.81 ± 0.44 mL/100 g) although there was no statistical correlation in the quantitative perfusion parameters between CTP and DSC-MRI. In a dog with a pituitary tumor, the color map of the tumor appeared as a red scale, indicating high perfusion and higher CBF and CBV on CTP (149 mL/100 g and 20 mL/100 g/min) and on DSC-MRI (116.3 mL/100 g and 15.32 mL/100 g/min) compared to those measured in healthy dogs. These findings indicate that DSC-MRI and CTP maps exhibit comparability and interchangeability in the assessment of canine brain perfusion."
7995,brain tumour,38528608,Chronic hypoxia remodels the tumor microenvironment to support glioma stem cell growth.,"Cerebral organoids co-cultured with patient derived glioma stem cells (GLICOs) are an experimentally tractable research tool useful for investigating the role of the human brain tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma. Here we describe long-term GLICOs, a novel model in which COs are grown from embryonic stem cell cultures containing low levels of GSCs and tumor development is monitored over extended durations (ltGLICOs). Single-cell profiling of ltGLICOs revealed an unexpectedly long latency period prior to GSC expansion, and that normal organoid development was unimpaired by the presence of low numbers of GSCs. However, as organoids age they experience chronic hypoxia and oxidative stress which remodels the tumor microenvironment to promote GSC expansion. Receptor-ligand modelling identified astrocytes, which secreted various pro-tumorigenic ligands including FGF1, as the primary cell type for GSC crosstalk and single-cell multi-omic analysis revealed these astrocytes were under the control of ischemic regulatory networks. Functional validation confirmed hypoxia as a driver of pro-tumorigenic astrocytic ligand secretion and that GSC expansion was accelerated by pharmacological induction of oxidative stress. When controlled for genotype, the close association between glioma aggressiveness and patient age has very few proposed biological explanations. Our findings indicate that age-associated increases in cerebral vascular insufficiency and associated regional chronic cerebral hypoxia may contribute to this phenomenon."
7996,brain tumour,38528306,PitSurgRT: real-time localization of critical anatomical structures in endoscopic pituitary surgery.,"Endoscopic pituitary surgery entails navigating through the nasal cavity and sphenoid sinus to access the sella using an endoscope. This procedure is intricate due to the proximity of crucial anatomical structures (e.g. carotid arteries and optic nerves) to pituitary tumours, and any unintended damage can lead to severe complications including blindness and death. Intraoperative guidance during this surgery could support improved localization of the critical structures leading to reducing the risk of complications."
7997,brain tumour,38528135,Ultra-high b-value DWI accurately identifies isocitrate dehydrogenase genotypes and tumor subtypes of adult-type diffuse gliomas.,"To distinguish isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genotypes and tumor subtypes of adult-type diffuse gliomas based on the fifth edition of the World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors (WHO CNS5) in 2021 using standard, high, and ultra-high b-value diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)."
7998,brain tumour,38527786,A mass in the pineal region of a young woman.,No abstract found
7999,brain tumour,38527626,Infrared microspectroscopy to elucidate the underlying biomolecular mechanisms of FLASH radiotherapy.,"FLASH-radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) is an emerging modality that uses ultra-high dose rates of radiation to enable curative doses to the tumor while preserving normal tissue. The biological studies showed the potential of FLASH-RT to revolutionize radiotherapy cancer treatments. However, the complex biological basis of FLASH-RT is not fully known yet."
8000,brain tumour,38527567,Shikonin attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibiting NOD2/RIP2/NF-κB-mediated microglia polarization and neuroinflammation.,"Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiological process of multiple neurological disorders such as ischemic stroke, which still lacks effective therapeutic agents. Shikonin possesses anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. However, its underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate whether Shikonin confers protection against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by modulating microglial polarization and elucidate the associated mechanisms."
8001,brain tumour,38527429,The Intersection of Epigenetic Alterations and Developmental State in Pediatric Ependymomas.,"Ependymomas are the third most common brain cancer in children and have no targeted therapies. They are divided into at least 9 major subtypes based on molecular characteristics and major drivers and have few genetic mutations compared to the adult form of this disease, leading to investigation of other mechanisms."
8002,brain tumour,38527346,Encephalocraniocutaneous Lipomatosis: A Case Report.,"Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL) is a rare congenital syndrome and subclassification of oculoectodermal syndrome. Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis may be associated with postzygotic mutations. However, absence of an identifiable mutation does not preclude a diagnosis of ECCL. Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis commonly causes skin, eye, and central nervous system anomalies. Diagnosis can be made through genetic sequencing or standardized clinical criteria. One clinically apparent major criterion for the diagnosis of ECCL is nevus psiloliparus (NP), a fatty nevus with overlying nonscarring alopecia. In this case, a 50-day-old female infant with uncomplicated birth history presented to dermatology clinic for evaluation of 2 superficial cranial masses that had been present since birth without regression or evolution. One of the masses was located within the hairline and demonstrated overlying nonscarring alopecia, suspicious of NP. Because of concern for ECCL, brain magnetic resonance imaging was ordered and revealed 2 intracranial lipomas. Genetic testing was inconclusive. Excision of the masses was performed at the request of the parents for cosmetic purposes. Histologic evaluation of the surgical specimens confirmed the diagnosis of NP and ECCL. A suspected NP should raise concern for ECCL and prompt further evaluation for systemic involvement. In particular, patients with suspected ECCL should be screened for ocular and CNS involvement. Early identification and diagnosis are important for prognostication because patients with ECCL are at increased risk of developing neoplasms of the head and neck and may require more frequent screening examinations."
8003,brain tumour,38527263,Local and Systemic Management Options for Melanoma Brain Metastases.,"Development of brain metastasis is one of the most serious complications of advanced melanoma, carrying a significant burden of morbidity and mortality. Although advances in local treatment modalities such as stereotactic radiosurgery and breakthrough systemic therapies including immunotherapy and targeted therapies have improved the outcomes of patients with metastatic melanoma, management of patients with melanoma brain metastases (MBMs) remains challenging. Notably, patients with MBMs have historically been excluded from clinical trials, limiting insights into their specific treatment responses. Encouragingly, a growing body of evidence shows the potential of systemic therapies to yield durable intracranial responses in these patients, highlighting the need for inclusion of patients with MBMs in future clinical trials. This is pivotal for expediting the advancement of novel therapies tailored to this distinct patient population. In this review, we will highlight the evolving landscape of MBM management, focusing on local and systemic treatment strategies."
8004,brain tumour,38527246,Evaluation of 5'-tRF-His-GTG As a Molecular Biomarker in Breast Cancer Diagnoses and Prognosis.,
8005,brain tumour,38527238,Bergaptol inhibits glioma cell proliferation and induces apoptosis via STAT3/Bcl-2 pathway.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumour and lacks therapeutic options with significant effects. The aberrant activation of STAT3 is a critical factor in glioma progression via activating multiple signalling pathways that promote glioma. Among them, the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 could be upregulated by p-STAT3, which is an important reason for the continuous proliferation of glioma. We previously reported that bergaptol, a natural furanocoumarin widely found in citrus products, exerts antineuroinflammatory effects by inhibiting the overactivation of STAT3. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether bergaptol could promote glioma apoptosis by inhibiting the STAT3/Bcl-2 pathway. This study found that bergaptol inhibited the proliferation and migration of GBM cell lines (U87 and A172) and promoted apoptosis in vitro. We also found that bergaptol significantly inhibited the STAT3/Bcl-2 pathway in GBM cells. U87 cells were implanted intracranially into nude mice to establish a glioma model, and glioma-bearing mice were treated with bergaptol (40 mg/kg). Bergaptol treatment significantly inhibited glioma growth and prolonged the glioma-bearing mice's survival time. In addition, bergaptol administration also significantly inhibited the STAT3/Bcl-2 pathway of tumour tissue in vivo. Overall, we found that bergaptol could effectively play an antiglioma role by inhibiting STAT3/Bcl-2 pathway, suggesting the potential efficacy of bergaptol in treating glioma."
8006,brain tumour,38527227,DNA variants detected in primary and metastatic lung adenocarcinoma: a case report and review of the literature.,"Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been found to have recurrent genetic abnormalities, and novel therapies targeting these aberrations have improved patient survival. In this study, specimens from benign tissue, primary tumors, and brain metastases were obtained at autopsy from a 55-year-old White female patient diagnosed with NSCLC and were examined using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and chromosomal microarray assay (CMA). No genetic aberrations were noted in the benign tissue; however, NGS identified a mutation in the KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase (KRAS): KRAS exon 2 p.G12D in primary and metastatic tumor specimens. We observed 7 DNA copy number aberrations (CNAs) in primary and metastatic tumor specimens; an additional 7 CNAs were exclusively detected in the metastatic tumor specimens. These DNA alterations may be genetic drivers in the pathogenesis of the tumor specimen from our patient and may serve as biomarkers for the classification and prognosis of NSCLC."
8007,brain tumour,38527023,Retinoic acid attenuates ischemic injury-induced activation of glial cells and inflammatory factors in a rat stroke model.,"Stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability which can cause oxidative damage and inflammation of the neuronal cells. Retinoic acid is an active metabolite of vitamin A that has various beneficial effects including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated whether retinoic acid modulates oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in a stroke animal model. A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed on adult male rats to induce focal cerebral ischemia. Retinoic acid (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was injected into the peritoneal cavity for four days before MCAO surgery. The neurobehavioral tests were carried out 24 h after MCAO and cerebral cortex tissues were collected. The cortical damage was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and reactive oxygen species assay. In addition, Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were performed to investigate the activation of glial cells and inflammatory cytokines in MCAO animals. Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were used as markers of microglial and astrocyte activation, respectively. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were used as representative pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results showed that MCAO damage caused neurobehavioral defects and histopathological changes in the ischemic region and increased oxidative stress. Retinoic acid treatment reduced these changes caused by MCAO damage. We detected increases in Iba-1 and GFAP in MCAO animals treated with vehicle. However, retinoic acid alleviated increases in Iba-1 and GFAP caused by MCAO damage. Moreover, MCAO increased levels of nuclear factor-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β. Retinoic acid alleviated the expression of these inflammatory proteins. These findings elucidate that retinoic acid regulates microglia and astrocyte activation and modulates pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, this study suggests that retinoic acid exhibits strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting neuroglia cell activation, and preventing the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a cerebral ischemia."
8008,brain tumour,38526937,Progesterone induces neuroprotection associated with immune/inflammatory modulation in experimental traumatic brain injury.,"An imbalance of immune/inflammatory reactions aggravates secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can deteriorate clinical prognosis. So far, not enough therapeutic avenues have been found to prevent such an imbalance in the clinical setting. Progesterone has been shown to regulate immune/inflammatory reactions in many diseases and conveys a potential protective role in TBI. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of progesterone associated with immune/inflammatory modulation in experimental TBI. A TBI model in adult male C57BL/6J mice was created using a controlled contusion instrument. After injury, the mice received consecutive progesterone therapy (8 mg/kg per day, i.p.) until euthanized. Neurological deficits were assessed via Morris water maze test. Brain edema was measured via the dry-wet weight method. Immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry were used to examine the numbers of immune/inflammatory cells, including IBA-1 + microglia, myeloperoxidase + neutrophils, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). ELISA was used to detect the concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and TGF-β. Our data showed that progesterone therapy significantly improved neurological deficits and brain edema in experimental TBI, remarkably increased regulatory T cell numbers in the spleen, and dramatically reduced the activation and infiltration of inflammatory cells (microglia and neutrophils) in injured brain tissue. In addition, progesterone therapy decreased the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α but increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 after TBI. These findings suggest that progesterone administration could be used to regulate immune/inflammatory reactions and improve outcomes in TBI."
8009,brain tumour,38526769,"Estrogen-receptor status determines differential regulation of α1- and α2-adrenoceptor-mediated cell survival, angiogenesis, and intracellular signaling responses in breast cancer cell lines.","Psychosocial stress promotes cancer pathogenesis involving angiogenesis through alterations in neuroendocrine-immune functions that may involve adrenoceptor (AR)-dependent signaling mechanisms in the brain, lymphoid organs, and cancerous cells. Various concentrations of α"
8010,brain tumour,38526529,Evaluation of the anticarcinogenic effects of Rutin on brain tissue in mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma by micro-computed tomography and histological methods.,"Studies for new treatment strategies on cancer continue, and new searches continue in the diagnosis and evaluation of cancer. This study examined the possible anticarcinogenic effect of Rutin on the brain tissues of male mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)."
8011,brain tumour,38526307,Brain Delivery of Biomimetic Phosphorus Dendrimer/Antibody Nanocomplexes for Enhanced Glioma Immunotherapy via Immune Modulation of T Cells and Natural Killer Cells.,"Fully mobilizing the activities of multiple immune cells is crucial to achieve the desired tumor immunotherapeutic efficacy yet still remains challenging. Herein, we report a nanomedicine formulation based on phosphorus dendrimer (termed AK128)/programmed cell death protein 1 antibody (aPD1) nanocomplexes (NCs) that are camouflaged with M1-type macrophage cell membranes (M1m) for enhanced immunotherapy of orthotopic glioma. The constructed AK128-aPD1@M1m NCs with a mean particle size of 160.3 nm possess good stability and cytocompatibility. By virtue of the decorated M1m having α"
8012,brain tumour,38526238,Targeted-Neuroinflammation Mitigation Using Inflammasome-Inhibiting Nanoligomers is Therapeutic in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mouse Model.,"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating autoimmune disease that impacts millions of patients worldwide, disproportionately impacting women (4:1), and often presenting at highly productive stages of life. This disease affects the spinal cord and brain and is characterized by severe neuroinflammation, demyelination, and subsequent neuronal damage, resulting in symptoms like loss of mobility. While untargeted and pan-immunosuppressive therapies have proven to be disease-modifying and manage (or prolong the time between) symptoms in many patients, a significant fraction are unable to achieve remission. Recent work has suggested that targeted neuroinflammation mitigation through selective inflammasome inhibition can offer relief to patients while preserving key components of immune function. Here, we show a screening of potential therapeutic targets using inflammasome-inhibiting Nanoligomers (NF-κB1, TNFR1, TNF-α, IL-6) that meet or far-exceed commercially available small-molecule counterparts like ruxolitinib, MCC950, and deucravacitinib. Using the human brain organoid model, top Nanoligomer combinations (NF-κB1 + TNFR1: NI111, and NF-κB1 + NLRP3: NI112) were shown to significantly reduce neuroinflammation without any observable negative impact on organoid function. Further testing of these top Nanoligomer combinations in an aggressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model for MS using intraperitoneal (IP) injections showed that NF-κB1 and NLRP3 targeting Nanoligomer combination NI112 rescues mice without observable loss of mobility or disability, minimal inflammation in brain and spinal cord histology, and minimal to no immune cell infiltration of the spinal cord and no demyelination, similar to or at par with mice that received no EAE injections (negative control). Mice receiving NI111 (NF-κB1 + TNFR1) also showed reduced neuroinflammation compared to saline (sham)-treated EAE mice and at par/similar to other inflammasome-inhibiting small molecule treatments, although it was significantly higher than NI112 leading to subsequent worsening clinical outcomes. Furthermore, treatment with an oral formulation of NI112 at lower doses showed a significant reduction in EAE severity, albeit with higher variance owing to administration and formulation/fill-and-finish variability. Overall, these results point to the potential of further development and testing of these inflammasome-targeting Nanoliogmers as an effective neuroinflammation treatment for multiple neurodegenerative diseases and potentially benefit several patients suffering from such debilitating autoimmune diseases like MS."
8013,brain tumour,38525512,Prognostic factors and real-life applicability of prognostic models for patients with bone metastases of carcinoma.,This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the survival of patients with bone carcinoma metastases and assess the clinical applicability of existing prognostic models.
8014,brain tumour,38525487,Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of low-grade epilepsy-associated brain tumors.,"Low-grade epilepsy-associated brain tumors (LEATs) are found to be the second most common lesion-related epilepsy. Malignant potential of LEATs is very low and the overall survival is good, so the focus of treatment is focused more on seizure outcome rather than oncological prognosis."
8015,brain tumour,38525483,"Leading by Example: IJIC's Journey to Strengthen Lived Experience in Research, Improvement, and Scientific Publishing.",No abstract found
8016,brain tumour,38525424,Therapeutically targeting the unique disease landscape of pediatric high-grade gliomas.,"Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) are a rare yet devastating malignancy of the central nervous system's glial support cells, affecting children, adolescents, and young adults. Tumors of the central nervous system account for the leading cause of pediatric mortality of which high-grade gliomas present a significantly grim prognosis. While the past few decades have seen many pediatric cancers experiencing significant improvements in overall survival, the prospect of survival for patients diagnosed with pHGGs has conversely remained unchanged. This can be attributed in part to tumor heterogeneity and the existence of the blood-brain barrier. Advances in discovery research have substantiated the existence of unique subgroups of pHGGs displaying alternate responses to different therapeutics and varying degrees of overall survival. This highlights a necessity to approach discovery research and clinical management of the disease in an alternative subtype-dependent manner. This review covers traditional approaches to the therapeutic management of pHGGs, limitations of such methods and emerging alternatives. Novel mutations which predominate the pHGG landscape are highlighted and the therapeutic potential of targeting them in a subtype specific manner discussed. Collectively, this provides an insight into issues in need of transformative progress which arise during the management of pHGGs."
8017,brain tumour,38524877,Understanding Sorafenib-Induced Cardiovascular Toxicity: Mechanisms and Treatment Implications.,"Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been recognized as crucial agents for treating various tumors, and one of their key targets is the intracellular site of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR). While TKIs have demonstrated their effectiveness in solid tumor patients and increased life expectancy, they can also lead to adverse cardiovascular effects including hypertension, thromboembolism, cardiac ischemia, and left ventricular dysfunction. Among the TKIs, sorafenib was the first approved agent and it exerts anti-tumor effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation through targeting VEGFR and RAF. Unfortunately, the adverse cardiovascular effects caused by sorafenib not only affect solid tumor patients but also limit its application in curing other diseases. This review explores the mechanisms underlying sorafenib-induced cardiovascular adverse effects, including endothelial dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, dysregulated autophagy, and ferroptosis. It also discusses potential treatment strategies, such as antioxidants and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, and highlights the association between sorafenib-induced hypertension and treatment efficacy in cancer patients. Furthermore, emerging research suggests a link between sorafenib-induced glycolysis, drug resistance, and cardiovascular toxicity, necessitating further investigation. Overall, understanding these mechanisms is crucial for optimizing sorafenib therapy and minimizing cardiovascular risks in cancer patients."
8018,brain tumour,38524132,A novel type-2 innate lymphoid cell-based immunotherapy for cancer.,"Cell-based cancer immunotherapy has achieved significant advancements, providing a source of hope for cancer patients. Notwithstanding the considerable progress in cell-based immunotherapy, the persistently low response rates and the exorbitant costs associated with their implementation still present a formidable challenge in clinical settings. In the landscape of cell-based cancer immunotherapies, an uncharted territory involves Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and interleukin-33 (IL-33) which promotes ILC2 functionality, recognized for their inherent ability to enhance immune responses. Recent discoveries regarding their role in actuating cytolytic T lymphocyte responses, including curbing tumor growth rates and hindering metastasis, have added a new dimension to our understanding of the IL-33/ILC2 axis. These recent insights may hold significant promise for ILC2 cell-based immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the prospect of adoptively transferring ILC2s to confer immune protection against tumors has yet to be investigated. The present study addresses this hypothesis, revealing that ILC2s isolated from the lungs of tumor-bearing mice, and tumor infiltrating ILC2s when adoptively transferred after tumor establishment at a ratio of one ILC2 per sixty tumor cells, leads to an influx of tumor infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes as well as tumor infiltrating eosinophils resulting in a remarkable reduction in tumor growth. Moreover, we find that post-adoptive transfer of ILC2s, the number of tumor infiltrating ILC2s is inversely proportional to tumor size. Finally, we find corollaries of the IL-33/ILC2 axis enhancing the infiltration of eosinophils in human prostate carcinomas patients' expressing high levels of IL-33 versus those expressing low levels of IL-33. Our results underscore the heightened efficacy of adoptively transferred ILC2s compared to alternative approaches, revealing an approximately one hundred fifty-fold superiority on a cell-per-cell basis over CAR T-cells in the specific targeting and elimination of tumors within the same experimental model. Overall, this study demonstrates the functional significance of ILC2s in cancer immunosurveillance and provides the proof of concept of the potential utility of ILC2 cell-based cancer immunotherapies."
8019,brain tumour,38524022,"Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Endometrial Cancer Patients With Liver Metastasis: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database (SEER)-Based Study of 1,034 Women.","Background There are several patterns of metastatic spread from endometrial cancer (EC). Although studies have been conducted to study the EC population with distant metastasis in the bone and lungs, there is still a lack of studies on liver metastasis. This study aims to evaluate and assess the clinical features and prognostic factors of EC patients with liver metastasis. Methodology We conducted a retrospective cohort study adhering to the guidelines for reporting observational research. We utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to gather data on female patients diagnosed with EC and reported liver metastasis. We estimated survival curves using the Kaplan-Meier method and evaluated differences in survival using the log-rank test. We also conducted univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to determine the hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for overall survival (OS) and identify factors that impact survival. Results We analyzed data from 1,034 EC patients with liver metastasis. Median OS after liver metastasis was six months, and cancer-specific survival was seven months. Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed several factors associated with decreased OS in EC patients. These included age (≥60 years), non-endometrioid and sarcoma histological subtypes, absence of surgery, no chemotherapy, and the presence of distant metastasis to the lung, brain, and bone. Conversely, married marital status and white race were linked to a better prognosis. Subsequent multivariate Cox regression analysis identified age (≥60 years), non-endometrioid histological subtype, absence of surgery, no chemotherapy, and the presence of distant metastasis to lung, brain, and bone remaining as independent risk factors for decreased OS. In contrast, the white race still emerged as an independent prognostic factor for better OS. Conclusions Various risk factors, such as age, race, lung, bone, or brain metastasis, as well as chemotherapy and surgery, may influence the prognosis of individuals with primary EC liver metastases."
8020,brain tumour,38523996,A Rare Presentation of Extramedullary Hematopoiesis as an Adrenal Mass: A Case Report.,"Hematopoiesis is an enormous and complex process. When the primary site of hematopoiesis fails to meet the requirements of the body in conditions like hemoglobinopathies or myelofibrosis, various extramedullary sites take on the role of blood formation. Extramedullary hematopoiesis most commonly occurs in the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes and is rarely found in the thymus, heart, breast, adrenal glands, paravertebral regions, intraspinal tissue, and brain. Extramedullary hematopoiesis can mimic neoplasms in which symptoms are caused by the mass effect of the lesion. We report a rare case of a 41-year-old female patient with a fibrohematopoietic adrenal mass mimicking a neoplasm for which she underwent an adrenalectomy."
8021,brain tumour,38523942,A Rare Case of Spindle Cell Sarcoma With Rare Asymptomatic Cerebellar Metastasis.,"Sarcomas are one of the rarest cancers, occurring in less than 1% of all adult malignancies. Spindle cell sarcomas are one subset of soft tissue sarcomas that are even less commonly reported in the literature due to the scarcity of cases, especially with the presence of brain metastases. We present a case of an adult male who presented with non-specific exertional dyspnea and chest pain, which was found to have spindle cell sarcoma with cerebellar metastasis."
8022,brain tumour,38523916,Unusual Metastatic Patterns of Wilms Tumor: A Case Series.,"Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common renal malignancy of childhood. The common metastatic sites are the lungs, liver, and lymph nodes, with brain and bone metastases occurring rarely. Metastatic disease can be present at initial diagnosis or may occur with relapse or disease progression. The majority of relapses in WT occur within the first two years post-treatment. Late relapses are rare. This article describes four cases of WT, each demonstrating an unusual site or timing of metastases. Case 1 presented primarily with jaw metastases, Case 2 presented with bone (vertebrae) and spinal metastases manifesting as paraplegia, at relapse one year after completion of treatment, Case 3 presented with isolated liver metastases four years after treatment completion, and Case 4 presented with brain metastases after six weeks of treatment abandonment. This case series demonstrates the varied pattern of metastases of WT and highlights the need for a high index of suspicion for WT among patients who present with unusual sites of tumor or for metastasis in those who present with neurologic symptoms during or after treatment."
8023,brain tumour,38523840,Myeloid cells as potential targets for immunotherapy in pediatric gliomas.,"Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) including pediatric glioblastoma (pGBM) are highly aggressive pediatric central nervous system (CNS) malignancies. pGBM comprises approximately 3% of all pediatric CNS malignancies and has a 5-year survival rate of approximately 20%. Surgical resection and chemoradiation are often the standard of care for pGBM and pHGG, however, even with these interventions, survival for children diagnosed with pGBM and pHGG remains poor. Due to shortcomings associated with the standard of care, many efforts have been made to create novel immunotherapeutic approaches targeted to these malignancies. These efforts include the use of vaccines, cell-based therapies, and immune-checkpoint inhibitors. However, it is believed that in many pediatric glioma patients an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) possess barriers that limit the efficacy of immune-based therapies. One of these barriers includes the presence of immunosuppressive myeloid cells. In this review we will discuss the various types of myeloid cells present in the glioma TME, including macrophages and microglia, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and dendritic cells, as well as the specific mechanisms these cells can employ to enable immunosuppression. Finally, we will highlight therapeutic strategies targeted to these cells that are aimed at impeding myeloid-cell derived immunosuppression."
8024,brain tumour,38523773,Feasibility of Universal Anomaly Detection without Knowing the Abnormality in Medical Images.,"Many anomaly detection approaches, especially deep learning methods, have been recently developed to identify abnormal image morphology by only employing normal images during training. Unfortunately, many prior anomaly detection methods were optimized for a specific ""known"" abnormality (e.g., brain tumor, bone fraction, cell types). Moreover, even though only the normal images were used in the training process, the abnormal images were often employed during the validation process (e.g., epoch selection, hyper-parameter tuning), which might leak the supposed ""unknown"" abnormality unintentionally. In this study, we investigated these two essential aspects regarding universal anomaly detection in medical images by (1) comparing various anomaly detection methods across four medical datasets, (2) investigating the inevitable but often neglected issues on how to unbiasedly select the optimal anomaly detection model during the validation phase using only normal images, and (3) proposing a simple decision-level ensemble method to leverage the advantage of different kinds of anomaly detection without knowing the abnormality. The results of our experiments indicate that none of the evaluated methods consistently achieved the best performance across all datasets. Our proposed method enhanced the robustness of performance in general (average AUC 0.956)."
8025,brain tumour,38523646,Insights into the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment: current and emerging therapeutic approaches.,"Glioblastoma (GB) is an intrusive and recurrent primary brain tumor with low survivability. The heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the stemness and proliferation of GB. The tumor microenvironment induces tumor heterogeneity of cancer cells by facilitating clonal evolution and promoting multidrug resistance, leading to cancer cell progression and metastasis. It also plays an important role in angiogenesis to nourish the hypoxic tumor environment. There is a strong interaction of neoplastic cells with their surrounding microenvironment that comprise several immune and non-immune cellular components. The tumor microenvironment is a complex network of immune components like microglia, macrophages, T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and non-immune components such as extracellular matrix, endothelial cells, astrocytes and neurons. The prognosis of GB is thus challenging, making it a difficult target for therapeutic interventions. The current therapeutic approaches target these regulators of tumor micro-environment through both generalized and personalized approaches. The review provides a summary of important milestones in GB research, factors regulating tumor microenvironment and promoting angiogenesis and potential therapeutic agents widely used for the treatment of GB patients."
8026,brain tumour,38523608,The efficacy and safety of novel antiepileptic drugs in treatment of epilepsy of patients with brain tumors.,This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of novel antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in treating epilepsy in patients with brain tumors (BTRE).
8027,brain tumour,38523603,Clinical outcome of bevacizumab or ramucirumab combined with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors as the first line therapy in susceptible EGFR-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung.,"Combining epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with an anti- vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agent, bevacizumab or ramucirumab, is indicated for advanced lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR mutation. This study aimed to show the real-world data of combination therapy and compare the effectiveness between bevacizumab and ramucirumab in combination with an EGFR-TKI. This retrospective study enrolled 47 patients diagnosed of stage IV lung adenocarcinoma with exon 19 deletion or L858R point mutation, receiving a first-line EGFR-TKI with anti-VEGF agent, including 34 (72%) and 13 (28%) patients receiving bevacizumab and ramucirumab, respectively. The response rate was similar in both groups (p = 0.38). Patients receiving bevacizumab had similar progression free survival (PFS) as those receiving ramucirumab (median PFS: 21.9 vs. 24.2 months, p = 0.4871); similar finding was noted in overall survival (OS) (median OS: 33.5 months vs. not reached, p = 0.4618). Patients receiving ramucirumab experienced a significantly high-grade hypertension compared to those receiving bevacizumab (p = 0.0351). Multivariable Cox regression analysis found independent risk factors for worse PFS included poorer ECOG performance status, multiple (≥3) metastatic sites, brain metastasis, and pleural metastasis/effusion, while the type of anti-VEGF agent was not a risk factor. Pericardial metastasis/effusion was the only one independent risk factor for worse OS. In summary, ramucirumab may have similar effectiveness as bevacizumab in combination with an EGFR-TKI as first line therapy for advanced lung adenocarcinoma harboring susceptible EGFR mutation. Further large-scale registry-based cohort studies may be needed to validate our findings."
8028,brain tumour,38523522,Ras-related Protein in Brain 4A (Rab4A) is Downregulated by miR-496 to inhibit the Progression of Gastric Cancer.,"Ras-related protein in brain 4A (Rab4A), as a member of the Rab family, is involved in the intracellular circulation of membrane receptors or endocytic substances and regulates the progression of multiple tumors."
8029,brain tumour,38523371,The contribution of the nervous system in the cancer progression.,"Cancer progression is driven by genetic mutations, environmental factors, and intricate interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME comprises of diverse cell types, such as cancer cells, immune cells, stromal cells, and neuronal cells. These cells mutually influence each other through various factors, including cytokines, vascular perfusion, and matrix stiffness. In the initial or developmental stage of cancer, neurotrophic factors such as nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor are associated with poor prognosis of various cancers by communicating with cancer cells, immune cells, and peripheral nerves within the TME. Over the past decade, research has been conducted to prevent cancer growth by controlling the activation of neurotrophic factors within tumors, exhibiting a novel attemt in cancer treatment with promising results. More recently, research focusing on controlling cancer growth through regulation of the autonomic nervous system, including the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, has gained significant attention. Sympathetic signaling predominantly promotes tumor progression, while the role of parasympathetic signaling varies among different cancer types. Neurotransmitters released from these signalings can directly or indirectly affect tumor cells or immune cells within the TME. Additionally, sensory nerve significantly promotes cancer progression. In the advanced stage of cancer, cancer-associated cachexia occurs, characterized by tissue wasting and reduced quality of life. This process involves the pathways via brainstem growth and differentiation factor 15-glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha-like signaling and hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin neurons. Our review highlights the critical role of neurotrophic factors as well as central nervous system on the progression of cancer, offering promising avenues for targeted therapeutic strategies. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(4): 167-175]."
8030,brain tumour,38523251,NAB2::STAT6 fusions and genome-wide DNA methylation profiling: Predictors of patient outcomes in meningeal solitary fibrous tumors.,"Meningeal solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) are rare and have a high frequency of local recurrence and distant metastasis. In a cohort of 126 patients (57 female, 69 male; mean age at surgery 53.0 years) with pathologically confirmed meningeal SFTs with extended clinical follow-up (median 9.9 years; range 15 days-43 years), we performed extensive molecular characterization including genome-wide DNA methylation profiling (n = 80) and targeted TERT promoter mutation testing (n = 98). Associations were examined with NAB2::STAT6 fusion status (n = 101 cases; 51 = ex5-7::ex16-17, 26 = ex4::ex2-3; 12 = ex2-3::exANY/other and 12 = no fusion) and placed in the context of 2021 Central Nervous System (CNS) WHO grade. NAB2::STAT6 fusion breakpoints (fusion type) were significantly associated with metastasis-free survival (MFS) (p = 0.03) and, on multivariate analysis, disease-specific survival (DSS) when adjusting for CNS WHO grade (p = 0.03). DNA methylation profiling revealed three distinct clusters: Cluster 1 (n = 38), Cluster 2 (n = 22), and Cluster 3 (n = 20). Methylation clusters were significantly associated with fusion type (p < 0.001), with Cluster 2 harboring ex4::ex2-3 fusion in 16 (of 20; 80.0%), nearly all TERT promoter mutations (7 of 8; 87.5%), and predominantly an ""SFT"" histologic phenotype (15 of 22; 68.2%). Clusters 1 and 3 were less distinct, both dominated by tumors having ex5-7::ex16-17 fusion (respectively, 25 of 33; 75.8%, and 12 of 18; 66.7%) and with variable histological phenotypes. Methylation clusters were significantly associated with MFS (p = 0.027), but not overall survival (OS). In summary, NAB2::STAT6 fusion type was significantly associated with MFS and DSS, suggesting that tumors with an ex5::ex16-17 fusion may have inferior patient outcomes. Methylation clusters were significantly associated with fusion type, TERT promoter mutation status, histologic phenotype, and MFS."
8031,brain tumour,38523155,Harnessing innate immune pathways for therapeutic advancement in cancer.,"The innate immune pathway is receiving increasing attention in cancer therapy. This pathway is ubiquitous across various cell types, not only in innate immune cells but also in adaptive immune cells, tumor cells, and stromal cells. Agonists targeting the innate immune pathway have shown profound changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and improved tumor prognosis in preclinical studies. However, to date, the clinical success of drugs targeting the innate immune pathway remains limited. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that activation of the innate immune pathway can paradoxically promote tumor progression. The uncertainty surrounding the therapeutic effectiveness of targeted drugs for the innate immune pathway is a critical issue that needs immediate investigation. In this review, we observe that the role of the innate immune pathway demonstrates heterogeneity, linked to the tumor development stage, pathway status, and specific cell types. We propose that within the TME, the innate immune pathway exhibits multidimensional diversity. This diversity is fundamentally rooted in cellular heterogeneity and is manifested as a variety of signaling networks. The pro-tumor effect of innate immune pathway activation essentially reflects the suppression of classical pathways and the activation of potential pro-tumor alternative pathways. Refining our understanding of the tumor's innate immune pathway network and employing appropriate targeting strategies can enhance our ability to harness the anti-tumor potential of the innate immune pathway and ultimately bridge the gap from preclinical to clinical application."
8032,brain tumour,38523150,Fe,"There is considerable interest in developing anti-glioma nanoplatforms. They make the all-in-one combination of therapies possible. Here we show how the selective Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell killing of the here-established nanoplatforms increased after each coating and how the here-established vibration-inducing Alternating magnetic field (AMF) decreased the treatment time from 72 h to 30 s. Thanks to their magnetite core, these nanoplatforms can be guided to the tumor's specific site by a Fixed magnetic field, they bypass the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) and accumulate at the tumor site thanks to the RVG29 bonding to the G-protein on the ion-gated channel receptor known as the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR), which expresses on BBB cells and overexpresses on GBM cells, and thanks to the positive charge gained by both chitosan and RVG29's peptide. Both ZIF-8 and its mediate adherence, Chitosan increases the drug loading capacity that stimuli response to the tumor's acidic environment. The Zn"
8033,brain tumour,38522817,Extracellular vesicles derived from dendritic cells loaded with VEGF-A siRNA and doxorubicin reduce glioma angiogenesis in vitro.,"Numerous attempts have been devoted to designing anti-angiogenic agents as a strategy to slow tumor growth and progression. Clinical applications of conventional anti-angiogenic agents face some challenges, e.g., off-target effects for TKIs and also low solid tumor penetration for mAbs. Furthermore, although anti-angiogenic therapy provides a normalization window for better chemo-RT response, in long-term treatments, tumor hypoxia as a result of total removal of VEGF-A by mAbs from the TME or complete blockade of TK receptors induces over-activation of compensatory angiogenic pathways, causing escape. Herein, we investigate the efficacy of si-DOX-DC-EVs to reduce glioma angiogenesis and invasiveness."
8034,brain tumour,38522791,Fully Endoscopic Minimally Invasive Trans-Eyebrow Supraorbital Translaminar Approach to Third Ventricle Craniopharyngiomas: Technical Nuances and Stepwise Illustrative Description.,"Traditional microsurgical approaches for addressing intraventricular craniopharyngioma provide limited access to the retrochiasmatic area and tumors with significant lateral or rostrocaudal extensions. Extended endoscopic endonasal approaches can effectively overcome many of limitations, yet they require a favorable working angle between the optic chiasm and pituitary gland, as well as the involvement of the third ventricle floor by the tumor."
8035,brain tumour,38522697,Harnessing the potential of nanoengineered siRNAs carriers for target responsive glioma therapy: Recent progress and future opportunities.,"Past scientific testimonials in the field of glioma research, the deadliest tumor among all brain cancer types with the life span of 10-15 months after diagnosis is considered as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Even though the availability of treatment options such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, are unable to completely cure GBM due to tumor microenvironment complexity, intrinsic cellular signalling, and genetic mutations which are involved in chemoresistance. The blood-brain barrier is accountable for restricting drugs entry at the tumor location and related biological challenges like endocytic degradation, short systemic circulation, and insufficient cellular penetration lead to tumor aggression and progression. The above stated challenges can be better mitigated by small interfering RNAs (siRNA) by knockdown genes responsible for tumor progression and resistance. However, siRNA encounters with challenges like inefficient cellular transfection, short circulation time, endogenous degradation, and off-target effects. The novel functionalized nanocarrier approach in conjunction with biological and chemical modification offers an intriguing potential to address challenges associated with the naked siRNA and efficiently silence STAT3, coffilin-1, EGFR, VEGF, SMO, MGMT, HAO-1, GPX-4, TfR, LDLR and galectin-1 genes in GBM tumor. This review highlights the nanoengineered siRNA carriers, their recent advancements, future perspectives, and strategies to overcome the systemic siRNA delivery challenges for glioma treatment."
8036,brain tumour,38522498,Sub-acute administration of metal-organic Framework-5 induces behavioral impairments and augments the levels of oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain of rats.,"Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are known as potential pharmaceutical carriers because of their structure. Here, we evaluated the sub-acute administrations of MOF-5 on behavioral parameters, oxidative stress, and inflammation levels in rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats received four injections of saline or MOF-5 at different doses which were 1, 10, and 50 mg/kg via caudal vein. Y-Maze and Morris-Water Maze (MWM) tests were used to explore working memory and spatial learning and memory, respectively. The antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress level of brain samples were assessed by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and thiobarbituric acid-reacting substance (TBARS) assay, respectively. The expression levels of GFAP, IL-1β, and TNF-α were also measured by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Sub-acute administration of MOF-5 reduced the spatial learning and memory as well as working memory, dose-dependently. The levels of FRAP were significantly reduced in rats treated with MOF-5 at higher doses. The Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased at the dose of 50 mg/kg. Additionally, the expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly elevated in the rats' brains that were treated with MOF-5. Our findings indicate that sub-acute administration of MOF-5 induces cognitive impairment dose-dependently which might be partly mediated by increasing oxidative stress and inflammation."
8037,brain tumour,38522316,Diterpenoid honatisine overcomes temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma by inducing mitonuclear protein imbalance through disruption of TFAM-mediated mtDNA transcription.,Glioblastoma (GBM) represents as the most formidable intracranial malignancy. The systematic exploration of natural compounds for their potential applications in GBM therapy has emerged as a pivotal and fruitful avenue of research.
8038,brain tumour,38522224,Intraoperative visualization of cranial nerve schwannomas using second-window indocyanine green: A case series.,"Second Window Indocyanine Green (SWIG) is a novel intraoperative imaging technique that uses near-infrared (NIR) light for intra-operative tumor visualization using the well-known fluorophore indocyanine green (ICG). Because schwannomas often incorporate the nerve into the encapsulated tumor and impinge on surrounding neural structures, SWIG is a promising technique to improve tumor resection while sparing the nerve."
8039,brain tumour,38521959,Inflammation-induced TRPV4 channels exacerbate blood-brain barrier dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.,"Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and immune cell migration into the central nervous system (CNS) are pathogenic drivers of multiple sclerosis (MS). Ways to reinstate BBB function and subsequently limit neuroinflammation present promising strategies to restrict disease progression. However, to date, the molecular players directing BBB impairment in MS remain poorly understood. One suggested candidate to impact BBB function is the transient receptor potential vanilloid-type 4 ion channel (TRPV4), but its specific role in MS pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of TRPV4 in BBB dysfunction in MS."
8040,brain tumour,38521933,A systematic review of high impact CpG sites and regions for MGMT methylation in glioblastoma [A systematic review of MGMT methylation in GBM].,"MGMT (O 6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) promoter methylation is a commonly assessed prognostic marker in glioblastoma (GBM). Epigenetic silencing of the MGMT gene by promoter methylation is associated with greater overall and progression free survival with alkylating agent regimens. To date, there is marked heterogeneity in how MGMT promoter methylation is tested and which CpG sites are interrogated."
8041,brain tumour,38521816,Developmental expression of catecholamine system in the human placenta and rat fetoplacental unit.,"Catecholamines norepinephrine and dopamine have been implicated in numerous physiological processes within the central nervous system. Emerging evidence has highlighted the importance of tightly regulated monoamine levels for placental functions and fetal development. However, the complexities of synthesis, release, and regulation of catecholamines in the fetoplacental unit have not been fully unraveled. In this study, we investigated the expression of enzymes and transporters involved in synthesis, degradation, and transport of norepinephrine and dopamine in the human placenta and rat fetoplacental unit. Quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses were performed in early-to-late gestation in humans (first trimester vs. term placenta) and mid-to-late gestation in rats (placenta and fetal brain, intestines, liver, lungs, and heart). In addition, we analyzed the gene expression patterns in isolated primary trophoblast cells from the human placenta and placenta-derived cell lines (HRP-1, BeWo, JEG-3). In both human and rat placentas, the study identifies the presence of only PNMT, COMT, and NET at the mRNA and protein levels, with the expression of PNMT and NET showing gestational age dependency. On the other hand, rat fetal tissues consistently express the catecholamine pathway genes, revealing distinct developmental expression patterns. Lastly, we report significant transcriptional profile variations in different placental cell models, emphasizing the importance of careful model selection for catecholamine metabolism/transport studies. Collectively, integrating findings from humans and rats enhances our understanding of the dynamic regulatory mechanisms that underlie catecholamine dynamics during pregnancy. We identified similar patterns in both species across gestation, suggesting conserved molecular mechanisms and potentially shedding light on shared biological processes influencing placental development."
8042,brain tumour,38521751,Primary intramastoid craniopharyngioma: A case report.,No abstract found
8043,brain tumour,38521679,Cortico-cortical evoked potentials of language tracts in minimally invasive glioma surgery guided by Penfield stimulation.,"We investigated the feasibility of recording cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) in patients with low- and high-grade glioma. We compared CCEPs during awake and asleep surgery, as well as those stimulated from the functional Broca area and recorded from the functional Wernicke area (BtW), and vice versa (WtB). We also analyzed CCEP properties according to tumor location, histopathology, and aphasia."
8044,brain tumour,38521632,Genetic diagnosis in acromegaly and gigantism: From research to clinical practice.,"It is usually considered that only 5% of all pituitary neuroendocrine tumours are due to inheritable causes. Since this estimate was reported, however, multiple genetic defects driving syndromic and nonsyndromic somatotrophinomas have been unveiled. This heterogeneous genetic background results in overlapping phenotypes of GH excess. Genetic tests should be part of the approach to patients with acromegaly and gigantism because they can refine the clinical diagnoses, opening the possibility to tailor the clinical conduct to each patient. Even more, genetic testing and clinical screening of at-risk individuals have a positive impact on disease outcomes, by allowing for the timely detection and treatment of somatotrophinomas at early stages. Future research should focus on determining the actual frequency of novel genetic drivers of somatotrophinomas in the general population, developing up-to-date disease-specific multi-gene panels for clinical use, and finding strategies to improve access to modern genetic testing worldwide."
8045,brain tumour,38521224,Pushing the Boundaries: Long-Term Survival from Brain Metastases and the Path Ahead.,No abstract found
8046,brain tumour,38521118,Subclinical myocardial damage after anthracycline chemotherapy in Japanese patients with breast cancer.,"Data on the incidence, timing, and severity of myocardial damage after anthracycline-based chemotherapy (AC) in Japanese patients with breast cancer are limited."
8047,brain tumour,38520918,Dual path parallel hierarchical diagnosis model for intracranial tumors based on multi-feature entropy weight.,"The grading diagnosis of intracranial tumors is a key step in formulating clinical treatment plans and surgical guidelines. To effectively grade the diagnosis of intracranial tumors, this paper proposes a dual path parallel hierarchical model that can automatically grade the diagnosis of intracranial tumors with high accuracy. In this model, prior features of solid tumor mass and intratumoral necrosis are extracted. Then the optimal division of the data set is achieved through multi-feature entropy weight. The multi-modal input is realized by the dual path structure. Multiple features are superimposed and fused to achieve the image grading. The model has been tested on the actual clinical medical images provided by the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University. The experiment shows that the proposed model has good generalization ability, with an accuracy of 0.990. The proposed model can be applied to clinical diagnosis and has practical application prospects."
8048,brain tumour,38520834,Kellerin alleviates cerebral ischemic injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via targeting Akt-mediated transcriptional activation of Nrf2.,"Ischemic stroke (IS) is characterized as a detrimental cerebrovascular disease with high mortality and disability. Ferroptosis is a novel mechanism involved in neuronal death. There is a close connection between IS and ferroptosis, and inhibiting ferroptosis may provide an effective strategy for treating IS. Our previous investigations have discovered that kellerin, the active compound of Ferula sinkiangensis K. M. Shen, possesses the capability to shield against cerebral ischemia injury."
8049,brain tumour,38520726,Bacteria Synergized with PD-1 Blockade Enhance Positive Feedback Loop of Cancer Cells-M1 Macrophages-T Cells in Glioma.,"Cancer immunotherapy is an attractive strategy because it stimulates immune cells to target malignant cells by regulating the intrinsic activity of the immune system. However, due to lacking many immunologic markers, it remains difficult to treat glioma, a representative ""cold"" tumor. Herein, to wake the ""hot"" tumor immunity of glioma, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is customized with a coating to create an immunogenic tumor microenvironment and further prove the effect in combination with the immune checkpoint agent anti-PD-1, exhibiting elevated therapeutic efficacy. This is accomplished not by enhancing the delivery of PD-1 blockade to enhance the effect of immunotherapy, but by introducing bacterial photothermal therapy to promote greater involvement of M1 cells in the immune response. After reaching glioma, the bacteria further target glioma cells and M2 phenotype macrophages selectively, enabling precise photothermal conversion for lysing tumor cells and M2 phenotype macrophages, which thereby enhances the positive feedback loop of cancer cells-M1 macrophages-T cells. Collectively, the bacteria synergized with PD-1 blockade strategy may be the key to overcoming the immunosuppressive glioma microenvironment and improving the outcome of immunotherapy toward glioma."
8050,brain tumour,38520671,Self-perceptions of masculinities and testicular cancer: Qualitative explorations.,"Masculinities have been explored in men with testicular cancer (TC), though limited contemporary research is available on traditional masculine norms important to masculine self-perception. The purpose of this research was to explore the discourse of TC experience in relation to masculine self-perception."
8051,brain tumour,38520640,Intraoperative mapping and preservation of executive functions in awake craniotomy: a systematic review.,"Awake craniotomy (AC) allows intraoperative brain mapping (ioBM) for maximum lesion resection while monitoring and preserving neurological function. Conventionally, language, visuospatial assessment, and motor functions are mapped, while the assessment of executive functions (EF) is uncommon. Impaired EF may lead to occupational, personal, and social limitations, thus, a compromised quality of life. A comprehensive literature search was conducted through Scopus, Medline, and Cochrane Library using a pre-defined search strategy. Articles were selected after duplicate removal, initial screening, and full-text assessment. The demographic details, ioBM techniques, intraoperative tasks, and their assessments, the extent of resection (EOR), post-op EF and neurocognitive status, and feasibility and potential adverse effects of the procedure were reviewed. The correlations of tumor locations with intraoperative EF deficits were also assessed. A total of 13 studies with intraoperative EF assessment of 351 patients were reviewed. Awake-asleep-awake protocol was most commonly used. Most studies performed ioBM using bipolar stimulation, with a frequency of 60 Hz, pulse durations ranging 1-2 ms, and intensity ranging 2-6 mA. Cognitive function was monitored with the Stroop task, spatial-2-back test, line-bisection test, trail-making-task, and digit-span tests. All studies reported similar or better EOR in patients with ioBM for EF. When comparing the neuropsychological outcomes of patients with ioBM of EF to those without it, all studies reported significantly better EF preservation in ioBM groups. Most authors reported EF mapping as a feasible tool to obtain satisfactory outcomes. Adverse effects included intraoperative seizures which were easily controlled. AC with ioBM of EF is a safe, effective, and feasible technique that allows satisfactory EOR and improved neurocognitive outcomes with minimal adverse effects."
8052,brain tumour,38520591,Predominance of MGMT promoter methylation among Pakistani glioblastoma patients.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most prevalent subgroup of neuroepithelial tumors, is characterized by dismal overall survival (OS). Several studies have linked O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation to OS in GBM patients. However, MGMT methylation frequencies vary geographically and across ethnicities, with limited data for South Asian populations, including Pakistan. This study aimed to analyze MGMT promoter methylation in Pakistani GBM patients."
8053,brain tumour,38520571,Adjuvant re-irradiation vs. no early re-irradiation of resected recurrent glioblastoma: pooled comparative cohort analysis from two tertiary centers.,"The optimal management strategy for recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) remains uncertain, and the impact of re-irradiation (Re-RT) on overall survival (OS) is still a matter of debate. This study included patients who achieved gross total resection (GTR) after a second surgery after recurrence, following the GlioCave criteria."
8054,brain tumour,38520537,Stereotactic frame-based biopsy of infratentorial lesions via the suboccipital-transcerebellar approach with the Zamorano-Duchovny stereotactic system-a retrospective analysis of 79 consecutive cases.,"Lesions of the posterior fossa (brainstem and cerebellum) are challenging in diagnosis and treatment due to the fact that they are often located eloquently and total resection is rarely possible. Therefore, frame-based stereotactic biopsies are commonly used to asservate tissue for neuropathological diagnosis and further treatment determination. The aim of our study was to assess the safety and diagnostic success rate of frame-based stereotactic biopsies for lesions in the posterior fossa via the suboccipital-transcerebellar approach."
8055,brain tumour,38520250,Risk factors for glioblastoma are shared by other brain tumor types.,"The reported risk factors for glioblastoma (GBM), i.e., ionizing radiation, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Neurofibromatosis I, and Turcot syndrome, also increase the risk of other brain tumor types. Risk factors for human GBM are associated with different oncogenic mutation profiles. Pedigreed domestic dogs with a shorter nose and flatter face (brachycephalic dogs) display relatively high rates of glioma formation. The genetic profiles of canine gliomas are also idiosyncratic. The association of putatively different mutational patterns in humans and canines with GBM suggests that different oncogenic pathways can result in GBM formation. Strong epidemiological evidence for an association between exposure to chemical carcinogens and an increased risk for development of GBM is currently lacking. Ionizing radiation induces point mutations, frameshift mutations, double-strand breaks, and chromosomal insertions or deletions. Mutational profiles associated with chemical exposures overlap with the broad mutational patterns seen with ionizing radiation. Weak statistical associations between chemical exposures and GBM reported in epidemiology studies are biologically plausible. Molecular approaches comparing reproducible patterns seen in spontaneous GBM with analogous patterns found in GBMs resected from patients with known significant exposures to potentially carcinogenic chemicals can address difficulties presented by traditional exposure assessment."
8056,brain tumour,38520005,Primary alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the brain: a case report.,"Primary brain rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare primary brain malignancy with few case reports. The vast majority of cases of primary brain rhabdomyosarcoma occur in pediatric patients, and immunohistochemistry can distinguish it from embryonal subtypes; however, few cases of primary brain rhabdomyosarcoma in adults have been reported in the literature."
8057,brain tumour,38519901,Comparison of ASL and DSC perfusion methods in the evaluation of response to treatment in patients with a history of treatment for malignant brain tumor.,"Perfusion MRI is of great benefit in the post-treatment evaluation of brain tumors. Interestingly, dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced (DSC) perfusion has taken its place in routine examination for this purpose. The use of arterial spin labeling (ASL), a perfusion technique that does not require exogenous contrast material injection, has gained popularity in recent years. The aim of the study was to compare two different perfusion techniques, ASL and DSC, using qualitative and quantitative measurements and to investigate the diagnostic effectiveness of both. The fact that the number of patients is higher than in studies conducted with 3D pseudo-continious ASL (pCASL), the study group is heterogeneous as it consists of patients with both metastases and glial tumors, the use of 3D Turbo Gradient Spin Echo (TGSE), and the inclusion of visual (qualitative) assessment make our study unique."
8058,brain tumour,38519786,Threonine fuels glioblastoma through YRDC-mediated codon-biased translational reprogramming.,"Cancers commonly reprogram translation and metabolism, but little is known about how these two features coordinate in cancer stem cells. Here we show that glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) display elevated protein translation. To dissect underlying mechanisms, we performed a CRISPR screen and identified YRDC as the top essential transfer RNA (tRNA) modification enzyme in GSCs. YRDC catalyzes the formation of N"
8059,brain tumour,38519580,Deep learning on tertiary lymphoid structures in hematoxylin-eosin predicts cancer prognosis and immunotherapy response.,"Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) have been associated with favorable immunotherapy responses and prognosis in various cancers. Despite their significance, their quantification using multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) staining of T and B lymphocytes remains labor-intensive, limiting its clinical utility. To address this challenge, we curated a dataset from matched mIHC and H&E whole-slide images (WSIs) and developed a deep learning model for automated segmentation of TLSs. The model achieved Dice coefficients of 0.91 on the internal test set and 0.866 on the external validation set, along with intersection over union (IoU) scores of 0.819 and 0.787, respectively. The TLS ratio, defined as the segmented TLS area over the total tissue area, correlated with B lymphocyte levels and the expression of CXCL13, a chemokine associated with TLS formation, in 6140 patients spanning 16 tumor types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The prognostic models for overall survival indicated that the inclusion of the TLS ratio with TNM staging significantly enhanced the models' discriminative ability, outperforming the traditional models that solely incorporated TNM staging, in 10 out of 15 TCGA tumor types. Furthermore, when applied to biopsied treatment-naïve tumor samples, higher TLS ratios predicted a positive immunotherapy response across multiple cohorts, including specific therapies for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and stomach adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, our deep learning-based approach offers an automated and reproducible method for TLS segmentation and quantification, highlighting its potential in predicting immunotherapy response and informing cancer prognosis."
8060,brain tumour,38519492,FBXO22 promotes glioblastoma malignant progression by mediating VHL ubiquitination and degradation.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Despite comprehensive treatment with traditional surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the median survival rate is <14.6% and the 5-year survival rate is only 5%. FBXO22, a substrate receptor of the SCF ubiquitin ligases, has been reported to play a promoting role in melanoma, liver cancer, cervical cancer, and other cancers. However, the function of FBXO22 in GBM has not been reported. In the present study, we demonstrate that FBXO22 is highly expressed in glioma and is positively correlated with worse pathological features and shorter survival of GBM patients. We revealed that FBXO22 promotes GBM cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. In terms of mechanism, we reveal that FBXO22 decreases VHL expression by directly mediating VHL ubiquitination degradation, which ultimately increases HIF-1α and VEGFA expression. In addition, our data confirm that there are positive correlations among FBXO22, HIF-1α, and VEGFA expression, and there is a negative correlation between FBXO22 and VHL protein expression in glioma patients. Our study strongly indicates that FBXO22 is a promising diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for glioma patients."
8061,brain tumour,38519313,Multiple large cystic masses in the pelvic cavity caused by pituitary FSH-secreting adenoma: A clinical lesson.,No abstract found
8062,brain tumour,38519054,Targeting pediatric cancers via T-cell recognition of the monomorphic MHC class I-related protein MR1.,"Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) restriction of conventional T-cell targeting introduces complexity in generating T-cell therapy strategies for patients with cancer with diverse HLA-backgrounds. A subpopulation of atypical, major histocompatibility complex-I related protein 1 (MR1)-restricted T-cells, distinctive from mucosal-associated invariant T-cells (MAITs), was recently identified recognizing currently unidentified MR1-presented cancer-specific metabolites. It is hypothesized that the MC.7.G5 MR1T-clone has potential as a pan-cancer, pan-population T-cell immunotherapy approach. These cells are irresponsive to healthy tissue while conferring T-cell receptor(TCR) dependent, HLA-independent cytotoxicity to a wide range of adult cancers. Studies so far are limited to adult malignancies. Here, we investigated the potential of MR1-targeting cellular therapy strategies in pediatric cancer. Bulk RNA sequencing data of primary pediatric tumors were analyzed to assess "
8063,brain tumour,38519017,Maximal Resection of Gliomas Adjacent to the Corticospinal Tract Using 3-T Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging.,Gliomas adjacent to the corticospinal tract (CST) should be carefully resected to preserve motor function while achieving maximal surgical resection. Modern high-field intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) enables precise visualization of the residual tumor and intraoperative tractography. We prospectively evaluated the extent of resection and distance between the tumor resection cavity and CST using 3-T iMRI combined with motor evoked potentials (MEP) in glioma surgery.
8064,brain tumour,38518652,"Potential of PSMA-targeting radioligand therapy for malignant primary and secondary brain tumours using super-selective intra-arterial administration: a single centre, open label, non-randomised prospective imaging study.","The aim of this study was to provide quantitative evidence for the potential of PSMA-targeting radioligand therapy (RLT) as treatment approach for malignant brain tumours, and to explore whether tumour uptake could be enhanced by super-selective intra-arterial (ssIA)-administration."
8065,brain tumour,38518642,Dioscin decreases M2 polarization via inhibiting a positive feedback loop between RBM47 and NF-κB in glioma.,"The role of the glioblastoma (GBM) microenvironment is pivotal in the development of gliomas. Discovering drugs that can traverse the blood-brain barrier and modulate the tumor microenvironment is crucial for the treatment of GBM. Dioscin, a steroidal saponin derived from various kinds of plants and herbs known to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, has shown its powerful anti-tumor activity. However, little is known about its effects on GBM microenvironment."
8066,brain tumour,38518470,"Synchronous multiple primary neoplasms of the esophagus, rectosigmoid and central nervous system.","Multiple primary neoplasms (MPN) are rare and can affect any system especially the upper aero-digestive system. They can be simultaneous, synchronous or metachronous. Their management depends on the individual organ system affected and simultaneous resection is possible as shown by T. Suzuki."
8067,brain tumour,38518411,Improving Vessel Segmentation with Multi-Task Learning and Auxiliary Data Available Only During Model Training.,"Liver vessel segmentation in magnetic resonance imaging data is important for the computational analysis of vascular remodeling, associated with a wide spectrum of diffuse liver diseases. Existing approaches rely on contrast enhanced imaging data, but the necessary dedicated imaging sequences are not uniformly acquired. Images without contrast enhancement are acquired more frequently, but vessel segmentation is challenging, and requires large-scale annotated data. We propose a multi-task learning framework to segment vessels in liver MRI without contrast. It exploits auxiliary contrast enhanced MRI data available only during training to reduce the need for annotated training examples. Our approach draws on paired native and contrast enhanced data with and without vessel annotations for model training. Results show that auxiliary data improves the accuracy of vessel segmentation, even if they are not available during inference. The advantage is most pronounced if only few annotations are available for training, since the feature representation benefits from the shared task structure. A validation of this approach to augment a model for brain tumor segmentation confirms its benefits across different domains. An auxiliary informative imaging modality can augment expert annotations even if it is only available during training."
8068,brain tumour,38518408,Multi-scale feature fusion for prediction of IDH1 mutations in glioma histopathological images.,"Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) play a crucial role in the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of gliomas. However, current methods for determining its mutation status, such as immunohistochemistry and gene sequencing, are difficult to implement widely in routine clinical diagnosis. Recent studies have shown that using deep learning methods based on pathological images of glioma can predict the mutation status of the IDH1 gene. However, our research focuses on utilizing multi-scale information in pathological images to improve the accuracy of predicting IDH1 gene mutations, thereby providing an accurate and cost-effective prediction method for routine clinical diagnosis."
8069,brain tumour,38518385,Radiologically derived 3D virtual models for neurosurgical planning.,"Three dimensional (3D) virtual models for neurosurgery have demonstrated substantial clinical utility, especially for neuro-oncological cases. Computer-aided design (CAD) modelling of radiological images can provide realistic and high-quality 3D models which neurosurgeons may use pre-operatively for surgical planning. 3D virtual models are useful as they are the basis for other models that build off this design. 3D virtual models are quick to segment but can also be easily added to normal neurosurgical and radiological workflow without disruption. Three anatomically complex neuro-oncology cases that were referred from a single institution by three different neurosurgeons were segmented and 3D virtual models were created for pre-operative surgical planning. A face-to-face interview was performed with the surgeons after the models were delivered to gauge the usefulness of the model in pre-surgical planning. All three neurosurgeons found that the 3D virtual model was useful for presurgical planning. Specifically, the virtual model helped in planning operative positioning, understanding spatial relationship between lesion and surrounding critical anatomy and identifying anatomy that will be encountered intra-operatively in a sequential manner. It provided benefit in Multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings and patient education for shared decision making.3D virtual models are beneficial for pre-surgical planning and patient education for shared decision making for neurosurgical neuro-oncology cases. We believe this could be further expanded to other surgical specialties. The integration of 3D virtual models into normal workflow as the initial step will provide an easier transition into modalities that build off the virtual models such as printed, virtual, augmented and mixed reality models."
8070,brain tumour,38518383,Manganese dioxide nanoparticles provoke inflammatory damage in BV2 microglial cells via increasing reactive oxygen species to activate the p38 MAPK pathway.,With the widespread use of manganese dioxide nanoparticles (nano MnO
8071,brain tumour,38518289,Variations in the genomic profiles and clinical behavior of meningioma by racial and ethnic group.,"The influence of socioeconomic factors on racial disparities among patients with sporadic meningiomas is well established, yet other potential causative factors warrant further exploration. The authors of this study aimed to determine whether there is significant variation in the genomic profile of meningiomas among patients of different races and ethnicities and its correlation with clinical outcomes."
8072,brain tumour,38518285,Long-term radiographic and endocrinological outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery for recurrent or residual nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas.,Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is used for the treatment of residual/recurrent nonfunctional pituitary adenoma (NFPA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors related to long-term tumor control and delayed endocrinopathies following SRS.
8073,brain tumour,38518156,The Mechanism of miR-29 in Bladder Cancer Released by Exosomes into Brain Microglia to Promote M2 Polarization and Angiogenesis in Brain Metastasis of Bladder Cancer.,"To explore the role of miR-29 in bladder cancer, released by exosomes into brain microglia to influence its polarization and promote angiogenesis. This, in turn, would help design therapeutic strategies for brain metastasis caused by bladder cancer."
8074,brain tumour,38517960,Childhood cancer mutagenesis caused by transposase-derived PGBD5.,"Genomic rearrangements are a hallmark of most childhood tumors, including medulloblastoma, one of the most common brain tumors in children, but their causes remain largely unknown. Here, we show that PiggyBac transposable element derived 5 (Pgbd5) promotes tumor development in multiple developmentally accurate mouse models of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma. Most Pgbd5-deficient mice do not develop tumors, while maintaining normal cerebellar development. Ectopic activation of SHH signaling is sufficient to enforce cerebellar granule cell progenitor-like cell states, which exhibit Pgbd5-dependent expression of distinct DNA repair and neurodevelopmental factors. Mouse medulloblastomas expressing Pgbd5 have increased numbers of somatic structural DNA rearrangements, some of which carry PGBD5-specific sequences at their breakpoints. Similar sequence breakpoints recurrently affect somatic DNA rearrangements of known tumor suppressors and oncogenes in medulloblastomas in 329 children. This identifies PGBD5 as a medulloblastoma mutator and provides a genetic mechanism for the generation of oncogenic DNA rearrangements in childhood cancer."
8075,brain tumour,38517660,Letter to the editor: Dexamethasone and overall survival and progression free survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a meta-analysis.,No abstract found
8076,brain tumour,38517519,Correction to: A bis-boron boramino acid PET tracer for brain tumor diagnosis.,No abstract found
8077,brain tumour,38517372,Curcumin-Piperlongumine Hybrid Molecule Increases Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Lung Cancer through JNK/c-Jun Signaling Pathway.,"The instability of curcumin's structure and the toxic side effects of piperlongumine have limited their potential applications in cancer treatment. To overcome these challenges, we designed and synthesized a novel curcumin-piperlongumine hybrid molecule, 3-[("
8078,brain tumour,38517048,Loss of PTPRS elicits potent metastatic capability and resistance to temozolomide in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor type with worse clinical outcome due to the hallmarks of strong invasiveness, high rate of recurrence, and therapeutic resistance to temozolomide (TMZ), the first-line drug for GBM, representing a major challenge for successful GBM therapeutics. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that drive GBM progression will shed novel insight into therapeutic strategies. Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase S (PTPRS) is a frequently mutated gene in human cancers, including GBM. Its role in GBM has not yet been clarified. Here, inactivating PTPRS mutation or deficiency was frequently found in GBM, and deficiency in PTPRS significantly induced defects in the G2M checkpoint and limited GBM cells proliferation, leading to potent resistance to TMZ treatment in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, loss of PTPRS triggered an unexpected mesenchymal phenotype that markedly enhances the migratory capabilities of GBM cells through upregulating numerous matrix metalloproteinases via MAPK-MEK-ERK signaling. Therefore, this work provides a therapeutic window for precisely excluding PTPRS-mutated patients who do not respond to TMZ."
8079,brain tumour,38517031,Targeting the cell cycle to enhance chemotherapy efficacy in glioblastoma.,No abstract found
8080,brain tumour,38516834,Unusual and Rare Causes of Monocular Elevation Deficit.,To study the rare and unusual causes of monocular elevation deficit.
8081,brain tumour,38516688,Development and external validation of a novel score for predicting postoperative 30‑day mortality in tumor craniotomy patients: A cross‑sectional diagnostic study.,"The identification of patients with craniotomy at high risk for postoperative 30-day mortality may contribute to achieving targeted delivery of interventions. The present study aimed to develop a personalized nomogram and scoring system for predicting the risk of postoperative 30-day mortality in such patients. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 18,642 patients with craniotomy were stratified into a training cohort (n=7,800; year of surgery, 2012-2013) and an external validation cohort (n=10,842; year of surgery, 2014-2015). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model was used to select the most important variables among the candidate variables. Furthermore, a stepwise logistic regression model was established to screen out the risk factors based on the predictors chosen by the LASSO model. The model and a nomogram were constructed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and calibration plot analysis were used to assess the model's discrimination ability and accuracy. The associated risk factors were categorized according to clinical cutoff points to create a scoring model for postoperative 30-day mortality. The total score was divided into four risk categories: Extremely high, high, intermediate and low risk. The postoperative 30-day mortality rates were 2.43 and 2.58% in the training and validation cohort, respectively. A simple nomogram and scoring system were developed for predicting the risk of postoperative 30-day mortality according to the white blood cell count; hematocrit and blood urea nitrogen levels; age range; functional health status; and incidence of disseminated cancer cells. The ROC AUC of the nomogram was 0.795 (95% CI: 0.764 to 0.826) in the training cohort and it was 0.738 (95% CI: 0.7091 to 0.7674) in the validation cohort. The calibration demonstrated a perfect fit between the predicted 30-day mortality risk and the observed 30-day mortality risk. Low, intermediate, high and extremely high risk statuses for 30-day mortality were associated with total scores of (-1.5 to -1), (-0.5 to 0.5), (1 to 2) and (2.5 to 9), respectively. A personalized nomogram and scoring system for predicting postoperative 30-day mortality in adult patients who underwent craniotomy were developed and validated, and individuals at high risk of 30-day mortality were able to be identified."
8082,brain tumour,38516415,Central hyperthyroidism due to an ectopic TSH-secreting pituitary tumor: a case report and literature review.,"Ectopic thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-secreting tumors are extremely rare, with only 15 reported cases in the literature. Herein, we described a 60-year-old female patient with thyrotoxicosis and elevated or unsuppressed levels of TSH. Family history and laboratory and genetic tests did not support a diagnosis of resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH). Given the unsuppressed TSH, TSH-secreting tumor was suspected, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary gland was performed. Surprisingly, the MRI scans revealed a nodule in the nasopharynx rather than a pituitary tumor in the sella region. Further evaluation using Gallium-68 DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography ("
8083,brain tumour,38516394,Advancement of fluorescent aminopeptidase probes for rapid cancer detection-current uses and neurosurgical applications.,"Surgical resection is considered for most brain tumors to obtain tissue diagnosis and to eradicate or debulk the tumor. Glioma, the most common primary malignant brain tumor, generally has a poor prognosis despite the multidisciplinary treatments with radical resection and chemoradiotherapy. Surgical resection of glioma is often complicated by the obscure border between the tumor and the adjacent brain tissues and by the tumor's infiltration into the eloquent brain. 5-aminolevulinic acid is frequently used for tumor visualization, as it exhibits high fluorescence in high-grade glioma. Here, we provide an overview of the fluorescent probes currently used for brain tumors, as well as those under development for other cancers, including HMRG-based probes, 2MeSiR-based probes, and other aminopeptidase probes. We describe our recently developed HMRG-based probes in brain tumors, such as PR-HMRG, combined with the existing diagnosis approach. These probes are remarkably effective for cancer cell recognition. Thus, they can be potentially integrated into surgical treatment for intraoperative detection of cancers."
8084,brain tumour,38516268,STING is significantly increased in high-grade glioma with high risk of recurrence.,"In this study, we aimed to comprehensively characterize the potential relationships among the frequently mutated genes, well-known homologous recombination repair (HRR) proteins, and immune proteins in glioma from a clinical perspective. A total of 126 surgical tissues from patients initially diagnosed with glioma were included. The genetic alterations were tested using the targeted next-generation sequencing technique. The expression of HRR proteins, immune proteins, and genetic alteration-related proteins were detected using immunostaining. Integrated analysis showed that ATRX is positively correlated with STING in high-grade glioma (HGG) with wild-type ATRX and IDH1. Then, a relapse predictive risk-scoring model was established using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression algorithms. The scores based on the expression of ATRX and STING significantly predict the recurrence for glioma patients, which further predict the survival for specific subgroups, characterized with high expression of RAD51 and wild-type TERT. Moreover, STING is significantly higher in patients with high relapse risk. Interestingly, STING inhibitors and agonists both suppress the growth of HGG cells, regardless of their STING levels and STING pathway activity, whereas RAD51 inhibitor B02 is found to exclusively sensitize HGG cells with high expression of STING to temozolomide "
8085,brain tumour,38515826,Brain diffusion MRI biomarkers after oncology treatments.,"In addition to providing a measurement of the tumor's size and dimensions, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides excellent noninvasive radiographic detection of tumor location. The MRI technique is an important modality that has been shown to be useful in the prognosis, diagnosis, treatment planning, and evaluation of response and recurrence in solid cancers. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an imaging technique that quantifies water mobility. This imaging approach is good for identifying sub-voxel microstructure of tissues, correlates with tumor cellularity, and has been proven to be valuable in the early assessment of cytotoxic treatment for a variety of malignancies. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an MRI method that assesses the preferred amount of water transport inside tissues. This enables precise measurements of water diffusion, which changes according to the direction of white matter fibers, their density, and myelination. This measurement corresponds to some related variables: fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), axial diffusivity (AD), and others. DTI biomarkers can detect subtle changes in white matter microstructure and integrity following radiation therapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy, which may have implications for cognitive function and quality of life. In our study, these indices were evaluated after brain chemoradiotherapy."
8086,brain tumour,38515825,Evaluation of improvements in plan quality with Photon Optimizer v16.1 for single brain lesion SRS treatment.,The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of the Photon Optimizer (PO) version 16.1 algorithm with its earlier version PO v13.6 and with Progressive Resolution Optimizer (PRO) version 13.6 algorithms.
8087,brain tumour,38515789,Glitches in the brain: the dangerous relationship between radiotherapy and brain fog.,"Up to approximately 70% of cancer survivors report persistent deficits in memory, attention, speed of information processing, multi-tasking, and mental health functioning, a series of symptoms known as ""brain fog."" The severity and duration of such effects can vary depending on age, cancer type, and treatment regimens. In particular, every year, hundreds of thousands of patients worldwide undergo radiotherapy (RT) for primary brain tumors and brain metastases originating from extracranial tumors. Besides its potential benefits in the control of tumor progression, recent studies indicate that RT reprograms the brain tumor microenvironment inducing increased activation of microglia and astrocytes and a consequent general condition of neuroinflammation that in case it becomes chronic could lead to a cognitive decline. Furthermore, radiation can induce endothelium reticulum (ER) stress directly or indirectly by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) activating compensatory survival signaling pathways in the RT-surviving fraction of healthy neuronal and glial cells. In particular, the anomalous accumulation of misfolding proteins in neuronal cells exposed to radiation as a consequence of excessive activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) could pave the way to neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, exposure of cells to ionizing radiation was also shown to affect the normal proteasome activity, slowing the degradation rate of misfolded proteins, and further exacerbating ER-stress conditions. This compromises several neuronal functions, with neuronal accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins with a consequent switch from proteasome to immunoproteasome that increases neuroinflammation, a crucial risk factor for neurodegeneration. The etiology of brain fog remains elusive and can arise not only during treatment but can also persist for an extended period after the end of RT. In this review, we will focus on the molecular pathways triggered by radiation therapy affecting cognitive functions and potentially at the origin of so-called ""brain fog"" symptomatology, with the aim to define novel therapeutic strategies to preserve healthy brain tissue from cognitive decline."
8088,brain tumour,38515751,CD81 and CD82 expressing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the NSCLC tumor microenvironment play a crucial role in T-cell activation and cytokine production.,"To understand the immune system within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it is crucial to elucidate the characteristics of molecules associated with T cell activation."
8089,brain tumour,38515448,Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage in small-vessel disease and non-small-vessel disease etiologies-an observational proof-of-concept study.,"Sporadic cerebral small-vessel disease (CSVD), i.e., hypertensive arteriopathy (HA) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), is the main cause of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Nevertheless, a substantial portion of ICH cases arises from non-CSVD etiologies, such as trauma, vascular malformations, and brain tumors. While studies compared HA- and CAA-related ICH, non-CSVD etiologies were excluded from these comparisons and are consequently underexamined with regard to additional factors contributing to increased bleeding risk beyond their main pathology."
8090,brain tumour,38515213,Revealing the role of SPP1,"Glioma is a highly heterogeneous brain tumor categorized into World Health Organization (WHO) grades 1-4 based on its malignancy. The suppressive immune microenvironment of glioma contributes significantly to unfavourable patient outcomes. However, the cellular composition and their complex interplays within the glioma environment remain poorly understood, and reliable prognostic markers remain elusive. Therefore, in-depth exploration of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and identification of predictive markers are crucial for improving the clinical management of glioma patients."
8091,brain tumour,38515139,Hypochlorous acid derived from microglial myeloperoxidase could mediate high-mobility group box 1 release from neurons to amplify brain damage in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.,"Myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays critical role in the pathology of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury via producing hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and inducing oxidative modification of proteins. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) oxidation, particularly disulfide HMGB1 formation, facilitates the secretion and release of HMGB1 and activates neuroinflammation, aggravating cerebral I/R injury. However, the cellular sources of MPO/HOCl in ischemic brain injury are unclear yet. Whether HOCl could promote HMGB1 secretion and release remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the roles of microglia-derived MPO/HOCl in mediating HMGB1 translocation and secretion, and aggravating the brain damage and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in cerebral I/R injury. In vitro, under the co-culture conditions with microglia BV cells but not the single culture conditions, oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) significantly increased MPO/HOCl expression in PC12 cells. After the cells were exposed to OGD/R, MPO-containing exosomes derived from BV2 cells were released and transferred to PC12 cells, increasing MPO/HOCl in the PC12 cells. The HOCl promoted disulfide HMGB1 translocation and secretion and aggravated OGD/R-induced apoptosis. In vivo, SD rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) plus different periods of reperfusion. Increased MPO/HOCl production was observed at the reperfusion stage, accomplished with enlarged infarct volume, aggravated BBB disruption and neurological dysfunctions. Treatment of MPO inhibitor 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide (4-ABAH) and HOCl scavenger taurine reversed those changes. HOCl was colocalized with cytoplasm transferred HMGB1, which was blocked by taurine in rat I/R-injured brain. We finally performed a clinical investigation and found that plasma HOCl concentration was positively correlated with infarct volume and neurological deficit scores in ischemic stroke patients. Taken together, we conclude that ischemia/hypoxia could activate microglia to release MPO-containing exosomes that transfer MPO to adjacent cells for HOCl production; Subsequently, the production of HOCl could mediate the translocation and secretion of disulfide HMGB1 that aggravates cerebral I/R injury. Furthermore, plasma HOCl level could be a novel biomarker for indexing brain damage in ischemic stroke patients."
8092,brain tumour,38515096,Clinical characteristics and MRI based radiomics nomograms can predict iPFS and short-term efficacy of third-generation EGFR-TKI in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma with brain metastases.,Predicting short-term efficacy and intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS) in epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutated (EGFR-mutated) lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases who receive third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) therapy was of great significance for individualized treatment. We aimed to construct and validate nomograms based on clinical characteristics and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics for predicting short-term efficacy and intracranial progression free survival (iPFS) of third-generation EGFR-TKI in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases.
8093,brain tumour,38515051,Research on multi-model imaging machine learning for distinguishing early hepatocellular carcinoma.,To investigate the value of differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-hepatocellular carcinoma (non-HCC) based on CT and MR multiphase radiomics combined with different machine learning models and compare the diagnostic efficacy between different radiomics models.
8094,brain tumour,38515047,Predictive value of cyst/tumor volume ratio of pituitary adenoma for tumor cell proliferation.,"MRI has been widely used to predict the preoperative proliferative potential of pituitary adenoma (PA). However, the relationship between the cyst/tumor volume ratio (C/T ratio) and the proliferative potential of PA has not been reported. Herein, we determined the predictive value of the C/T ratio of PA for tumor cell proliferation."
8095,brain tumour,38514913,N6-isopentenyladenosine inhibits aerobic glycolysis in glioblastoma cells by targeting PKM2 expression and activity.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary tumor in the central nervous system with poor prognosis. It exhibits elevated glucose uptake and lactate production. This metabolic state of aerobic glycolysis is known as the Warburg effect. N6-isopentenyladenosine (iPA), a natural cytokine modified with an isopentenyl moiety derived from the mevalonate pathway, has well-established anti-tumor activity. It inhibits cell proliferation in glioma cells, inducing cell death by apoptosis and/or necroptosis. In the present study, we found that iPA inhibits aerobic glycolysis in unmodified U87MG cells and in the same cell line engineered to over-express wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or EGFR variant III (vIII), as well as in a primary GBM4 patient-derived cell line. The detection of glycolysis showed that iPA treatment suppressed ATP and lactate production. We also evaluated the response of iPA treatment in normal human astrocyte primary cells, healthy counterpart cells of the brain. Aerobic glycolysis in treated normal human astrocyte cells did not show significant changes compared to GBM cells. To determine the mechanism of iPA action on aerobic glycolysis, we investigated the expression of certain enzymes involved in this metabolic pathway. We observed that iPA reduced the expression of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), which plays a key role in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis, promoting tumor cell proliferation. The reduction of PKM2 expression is a result of the inhibition of the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit, beta/nuclear factor-kappa B pathway upon iPA treatment. In conclusion, these experimental results show that iPA may inhibit aerobic glycolysis of GBM in stabilized cell lines and primary GBM cells by targeting the expression and activity of PKM2."
8096,brain tumour,38514882,IL-13Rα2-targeted CAR T cells show promise in patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas.,No abstract found
8097,brain tumour,38514855,RNF126-mediated ubiquitination of FSP1 affects its subcellular localization and ferroptosis.,"Medulloblastoma (MB) is a prevalent malignant brain tumor among children, which can be classified into four primary molecular subgroups. Group 3 MB (G3-MB) is known to be highly aggressive and associated with a poor prognosis, necessitating the development of novel and effective therapeutic interventions. Ferroptosis, a regulated form of cell death induced by lipid peroxidation, has been identified as a natural tumor suppression mechanism in various cancers. Nevertheless, the potential role of ferroptosis in the treatment of G3-MB remains unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that RNF126 acts as an anti-ferroptotic gene by interacting with ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1, also known as AIFM2) and ubiquitinating FSP1 at the 4KR-2 sites. Additionally, the deletion of RNF126 reduces the subcellular localization of FSP1 in the plasma membrane, resulting in an increase in the CoQ/CoQH2 ratio in G3-MB. The RNF126-FSP1-CoQ10 pathway plays a pivotal role in suppressing phospholipid peroxidation and ferroptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Clinically, RNF126 exhibited elevated expression in G3-MB and its overexpression was significantly associated with reduced patient survival. Our findings indicate that RNF126 regulates G3-MB sensitivity to ferroptosis by ubiquitinating FSP1, which provides new evidence for the potential G3-MB therapy."
8098,brain tumour,38514804,The Alzheimer's disease risk gene BIN1 regulates activity-dependent gene expression in human-induced glutamatergic neurons.,"Bridging Integrator 1 (BIN1) is the second most important Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk gene, but its physiological roles in neurons and its contribution to brain pathology remain largely elusive. In this work, we show that BIN1 plays a critical role in the regulation of calcium homeostasis, electrical activity, and gene expression of glutamatergic neurons. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing on cerebral organoids generated from isogenic BIN1 wild type (WT), heterozygous (HET) and homozygous knockout (KO) human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), we show that BIN1 is mainly expressed by oligodendrocytes and glutamatergic neurons, like in the human brain. Both BIN1 HET and KO cerebral organoids show specific transcriptional alterations, mainly associated with ion transport and synapses in glutamatergic neurons. We then demonstrate that BIN1 cell-autonomously regulates gene expression in glutamatergic neurons by using a novel protocol to generate pure culture of hiPSC-derived induced neurons (hiNs). Using this system, we also show that BIN1 plays a key role in the regulation of neuronal calcium transients and electrical activity via its interaction with the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel Cav"
8099,brain tumour,38514670,A prospective multicenter assessor blinded pilot study using confocal laser endomicroscopy for intraoperative brain tumor diagnosis.,"In this multi-center, assessor-blinded pilot study, the diagnostic efficacy of cCeLL-Ex vivo, a second-generation confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), was compared against the gold standard frozen section analysis for intraoperative brain tumor diagnosis. The study was conducted across three tertiary medical institutions in the Republic of Korea. Biopsy samples from newly diagnosed brain tumor patients were categorized based on location and divided for permanent section analysis, frozen section analysis, and cCeLL-Ex vivo imaging. Of the 74 samples from 55 patients, the majority were from the tumor core (74.3%). cCeLL-Ex vivo exhibited a relatively higher diagnostic accuracy (89.2%) than frozen section analysis (86.5%), with both methods showing a sensitivity of 92.2%. cCeLL-Ex vivo also demonstrated higher specificity (70% vs. 50%), positive predictive value (PPV) (95.2% vs. 92.2%), and negative predictive value (NPV) (58.3% vs. 50%). Furthermore, the time from sample preparation to diagnosis was notably shorter with cCeLL-Ex vivo (13 min 17 s) compared to frozen section analysis (28 min 28 s) (p-value < 0.005). These findings underscore cCeLL-Ex vivo's potential as a supplementary tool for intraoperative brain tumor diagnosis, with future studies anticipated to further validate its clinical utility."
8100,brain tumour,38514641,p53 regulates diverse tissue-specific outcomes to endogenous DNA damage in mice.,"DNA repair deficiency can lead to segmental phenotypes in humans and mice, in which certain tissues lose homeostasis while others remain seemingly unaffected. This may be due to different tissues facing varying levels of damage or having different reliance on specific DNA repair pathways. However, we find that the cellular response to DNA damage determines different tissue-specific outcomes. Here, we use a mouse model of the human XPF-ERCC1 progeroid syndrome (XFE) caused by loss of DNA repair. We find that p53, a central regulator of the cellular response to DNA damage, regulates tissue dysfunction in Ercc1"
8101,brain tumour,38514595,Active Learning in Brain Tumor Segmentation with Uncertainty Sampling and Annotation Redundancy Restriction.,"Deep learning models have demonstrated great potential in medical imaging but are limited by the expensive, large volume of annotations required. To address this, we compared different active learning strategies by training models on subsets of the most informative images using real-world clinical datasets for brain tumor segmentation and proposing a framework that minimizes the data needed while maintaining performance. Then, 638 multi-institutional brain tumor magnetic resonance imaging scans were used to train three-dimensional U-net models and compare active learning strategies. Uncertainty estimation techniques including Bayesian estimation with dropout, bootstrapping, and margins sampling were compared to random query. Strategies to avoid annotating similar images were also considered. We determined the minimum data necessary to achieve performance equivalent to the model trained on the full dataset (α = 0.05). Bayesian approximation with dropout at training and testing showed results equivalent to that of the full data model (target) with around 30% of the training data needed by random query to achieve target performance (p = 0.018). Annotation redundancy restriction techniques can reduce the training data needed by random query to achieve target performance by 20%. We investigated various active learning strategies to minimize the annotation burden for three-dimensional brain tumor segmentation. Dropout uncertainty estimation achieved target performance with the least annotated data."
8102,brain tumour,38514521,Customized ventral bony and dural opening in the transplanum/transtuberculum and transclival variants of extended endoscopic endonasal approach to suprasellar craniopharyngiomas: an approach-based stepwise cadaveric dissection and clinical applicability.,"Optimal initial exposure through an extended endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for suprasellar craniopharyngiomas ensures safe and unrestricted surgical access while avoiding overexposure, which may prolong the procedure and increase neurovascular adverse events."
8103,brain tumour,38514501,Constantly optimized mean teacher for semi-supervised 3D MRI image segmentation.,"The mean teacher model and its variants, as important methods in semi-supervised learning, have demonstrated promising performance in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data segmentation. However, the superior performance of teacher model through exponential moving average (EMA) is limited by the unreliability of unlabeled image, resulting in potentially unreliable predictions. In this paper, we propose a framework to optimized the teacher model with reliable expert-annotated data while preserving the advantages of EMA. To avoid the tight coupling that results from EMA, we leverage data augmentations to provide two distinct perspectives for the teacher and student models. The teacher model adopts weak data augmentation to provide supervision for the student model and optimizes itself with real annotations, while the student uses strong data augmentation to avoid overfitting on noise information. In addition, double softmax helps the model resist noise and continue learning meaningful information from the images, which is a key component in the proposed model. Extensive experiments show that the proposed method exhibits competitive performance on the Left Atrium segmentation MRI dataset (LA) and the Brain Tumor Segmentation MRI dataset (BraTS2019). For the LA dataset, we achieved a dice of 91.02% using only 20% labeled data, which is close to the dice of 91.14% obtained by the supervised approach using 100% labeled data. For the BraTs2019 dataset, the proposed method achieved 1.02% and 1.92% improvement on 5% and 10% labeled data, respectively, compared to the best baseline method on this dataset. This study demonstrates that the proposed model can be a potential candidate for medical image segmentation in semi-supervised learning scenario."
8104,brain tumour,38514195,Dural Metastasis in Breast Cancer: MRI-Based Morphological Subtypes and Their Clinical Implications.,"This study aimed to investigate the clinical factors associated with breast cancer (BRCA) dural metastases (DMs), their impact on prognosis compared to brain parenchymal metastases (BPMs) alone, and differences between DM subtypes, aiming to inform clinical decisions."
8105,brain tumour,38514124,[Preoperative Simulation of Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Craniopharyngiomas or Tuberculum Sellae Meningiomas].,"Preoperative simulation for endoscopic endonasal approach(EEA)using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging evaluates tumor extension and the relationship between adjacent structure(the pituitary stalk, major vessels, and cranial nerves); therefore, preoperative planning of nasal procedure, skull base bony removal, and cranial base reconstruction are possible. Additionally, three-dimensional(3D)fusion image aids surgeons to visualize intraoperative 3D findings. These preoperative simulations are critical to avoid complications and predict pitfalls perioperatively. However, tumor consistency or adhesion with adjacent structure cannot be predicted but is judged perioperatively, which affects the extent of tumor resection. This manuscript describes important points of preoperative simulation for EEA, especially the transplanum-transtuberculum approach for craniopharyngiomas or tuberculum sellae meningiomas, showing some examples in patients."
8106,brain tumour,38514123,[Selection of Appropriate Approaches to Preserve Brain Function for Deep Seated Brain Tumors:Our Experience of Two Posterior Thalamic Cases].,"What is the most important factor to achieve successful surgery for deep-seated brain tumors with preservation of brain functions? Definitely, it is to identify the tumor origin site at which a tumor arose and select appropriate surgical approaches that immediately lead directly to the site in the early stage of surgery, minimizing damages of cortices and important white matter bundles, and controlling main arterial supply to the tumor. For this, neurosurgeons must have thorough knowledge of brain anatomy and function, and tailor the best surgical approach for each patient, based on three-dimensional anatomical simulation. For lesions situated in the posterior and lower part of the thalamus and extending to the lateral part, two ""cross-court"" approaches; the occipital transtentorial/falcine and infratentorial supracerebellar transtentorial approaches, provide a wide corridor to even the lateral aspect of the thalamus and early access to the posterior choroidal arteries, usually main feeders of this territory tumors, without damaging any cerebral cortices and major white matter bundles. Here, we describe the selection of approaches for two representative cases and demonstrate surgical procedures and postoperative courses."
8107,brain tumour,38514117,[Interactive Virtual Simulation with Haptics for Neurosurgery].,"We established a unique pre-surgical simulation method by applying interactive virtual simulation(IVS)using multi-fusion three-dimensional imaging data, presenting high-quality visualization of microsurgical anatomies. Our IVS provided a realistic environment for imitating surgical manipulations, such as dissecting bones, retracting brain tissues, and removing tumors, with tactile and kinesthetic sensations delivered through a specific haptic device. The great advantage of our IVS was in deciding the most appropriate craniotomy and bone resection to create the optimal surgical window and obtain the best working space with a thorough understanding of the lesion-bone relationship. Particularly for skull-base tumors, tailoring the procedures to individual patients for craniotomy and bone resection was sufficiently achieved using our IVS. In cases of large skull base meningiomas, our IVS was also helpful preoperatively regarding tumors, as several compartments were achievable in every potentially usable surgical direction. Additionally, the non-risky realistic microsurgical environments of the IVS provided improvement in the microsurgical senses and skills of young trainees through the repetition of surgical tasks. Finally, our presurgical IVS simulation method provided a realistic environment for practicing microsurgical procedures virtually and enabled us to ascertain the complex microsurgical anatomy, determine optimal surgical strategies, and efficiently educate neurosurgical trainees."
8108,brain tumour,38514113,[Simulation and Navigation in the Neurosurgical Field Using Three-Dimensional Hholograms by Mixed Reality Devices].,"Recently, three-dimensional(3D)holograms from mixed-reality(MR)devices have become available in the medical field. 3D holographic images can provide immersive and intuitive information that has been reported to be very useful for preoperative simulations. Compared with conventional 3D images on a two-dimensional(2D)monitor, 3D holograms offer a higher level of realism, allowing observation of the images anytime and anywhere if the MR device is operational. Even during surgery, surgeons can check realistic 3D holograms in front of them, above the surgical field, without having to turn their heads toward a 2D monitor on the wall. 3D holograms can also be used for neuronavigation if the hologram is tracked to the patient's real head. This method can be defined as 3D augmented reality(AR)navigation, which shows a hologram of a target, such as a tumor or aneurysm, inside the head and brain. In the future, interventions using these techniques with 3D holograms from MR devices are expected to evolve and develop new types of treatments for endoscopic surgery or fluoroscopy-guided endovascular surgery."
8109,brain tumour,38514087,Impact of ,We aimed to investigate the effects of 
8110,brain tumour,38514085,[,"Small functional pituitary tumors can cause severely disabling symptoms and early death. The gold standard diagnostic approach includes laboratory tests and MRI, with or without inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS). In up to 40% of patients, however, the source of excess hormone production remains unidentified or uncertain. This excludes patients from surgical, Gamma Knife, and CyberKnife therapy and adversely affects overall cure rates. We here assess the diagnostic yield of "
8111,brain tumour,38514030,Endoscopic 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Induced Fluorescence-Guided Intraparenchymal Brain Tumor Resection-Can the Endoscope Detect More Fluorescence Than the Microscope?,"Using a laboratory-based optical setup, we show that 5-aminolevulinic acid (5ALA) fluorescence is better detected using the endoscope than the microscope. Furthermore, we present our case series of fully endoscopic 5ALA-guided resection of intraparenchymal tumors."
8112,brain tumour,38514027,MRI 3D SPACE T2WI for Pituitary Adenoma Cavernous Sinus Invasion Diagnosis.,This study aims to assess the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 3D SPACE T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) sequences in evaluating cavernous sinus invasion by pituitary adenomas.
8113,brain tumour,38514020,Exploring the potential of P-glycoprotein inhibitors in the targeted delivery of anti-cancer drugs: A comprehensive review.,"Due to the high prevalence of cancer, progress in the management of cancer is the need of the hour. Most cancer patients develop chemotherapeutic drug resistance, and many remain insidious due to overexpression of Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 (MDR1), also known as Permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp) or ABCB1 transporter (ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1). P-gp, a transmembrane protein that protects vital organs from outside chemicals, expels medications from malignant cells. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), gastrointestinal tract (GIT), kidneys, liver, pancreas, and cancer cells overexpress P-gp on their apical surfaces, making treatment inefficient and resistant. Compounds that compete with anticancer medicines for transportation or directly inhibit P-gp may overcome biological barriers. Developing nanotechnology-based formulations may help overcome P-gp-mediated efflux and improve bioavailability and cell chemotherapeutic agent accumulation. Nanocarriers transport pharmaceuticals via receptor-mediated endocytosis, unlike passive diffusion, which bypasses ABCB1. Anticancer drugs and P-gp inhibitors in nanocarriers may synergistically increase drug accumulation and chemotherapeutic agent toxicity. The projection of desirable binding and effect may be procured initially by molecular docking of the inhibitor with P-gp, enabling the reduction of preliminary trials in formulation development. Here, P-gp-mediated efflux and several possible outcomes to overcome the problems associated with currently prevalent cancer treatments are highlighted."
8114,brain tumour,38513990,Spinal sirtuin 2 attenuates bone cancer pain by deacetylating FoxO3a.,"Bone cancer pain (BCP) is refractory to currently used analgesics. Recently, sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) was reported to play a vital role in neuropathic pain but its role in BCP remains unknown. It was hypothesized that spinal SIRT2 attenuates BCP by deacetylating FoxO3a and suppressing oxidative stress. The mouse model of BCP established by injecting tumor cells into the intramedullary space of the femur demonstrated that spinal SIRT2 and FoxO3a were downregulated in BCP development. Intrathecal administration of LV-SIRT2 reduced pain hypersensitivity (mechanical and thermal nociception) in BCP mice. Spinal SIRT2 overexpression upregulated FoxO3a and antioxidant genes (SOD2 and catalase) and inhibited FoxO3a acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Moreover, intrathecal administration of SIRT2 shRNA induced pain hypersensitivity in normal mice. Spinal SIRT2 knockdown downregulated FoxO3a and antioxidant genes and increased FoxO3a acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. In summary, spinal SIRT2 increases FoxO3a expression in BCP mice and inhibits oxidative stress by deacetylating FoxO3a and further reducing FoxO3a phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation, leading to BCP relief."
8115,brain tumour,38513281,Upfront surgery for stage IIIA/B non-small cell lung cancer: retrospective cohort study.,"Stage III non-small cell lung cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Several international guidelines recommend neoadjuvant treatment before surgery; however, upfront surgery is the preferred approach for technically resectable non-small cell lung cancer in East Asia. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of curative-intent upfront surgery in stage IIIA/B non-small cell lung cancer."
8116,brain tumour,38513197,"Furmonertinib and intrathecal pemetrexed chemotherapy rechallenges osimertinib-refractory leptomeningeal metastasis in a non-small cell lung cancer patient harboring EGFR20 R776S, C797S, and EGFR21 L858R compound EGFR mutations: a case report.","Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are considered the first-line treatment for advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring EGFR mutations. However, due to the rarity of cases, the response of EGFR-TKIs in patients harboring uncommon compound EGFR mutations still needs to be determined. Here, we demonstrated the case of a 47-year-old smoker diagnosed with leptomeningeal metastasis from NSCLC and had EGFR20 R776S, C797S, and EGFR21 L858R compound mutations. He was treated with furmonertinib combined with intrathecal pemetrexed chemotherapy following progression on osimertinib, which led to clinical improvement and successfully prolonged his survival by 3 months. Regrettably, the patient eventually died from heart disease. This report provides the first reported evidence for the use of furmonertinib and intrathecal pemetrexed chemotherapy in NSCLC patients harboring EGFR R776S/C797S/L858R mutations who progressed on previous EGFR-TKIs."
8117,brain tumour,38513154,BV2 Membrane-Coated PEGylated-Liposomes Delivered hFGF21 to Cortical and Hippocampal Microglia for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy.,"Microglia-mediated inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas human fibroblast growth factor 21 (hFGF21) has demonstrated the ability to regulate microglia activation in Parkinson's disease, indicating a potential therapeutic role in AD. However, challenges such as aggregation, rapid inactivation, and the blood-brain barrier hinder its effectiveness in treating AD. This study develops targeted delivery of hFGF21 to activated microglia using BV2 cell membrane-coated PEGylated liposomes (hFGF21@BCM-LIP), preserving the bioactivity of hFGF21. In vitro, hFGF21@BCM-LIP specifically targets Aβ"
8118,brain tumour,38512687,"Differentiating SH-SY5Y Cells into Polarized Human Neurons for Studying Endogenous and Exogenous Tau Trafficking: Four Protocols to Obtain Neurons with Noradrenergic, Dopaminergic, and Cholinergic Properties.","Pathological alterations of the neuronal Tau protein are characteristic for many neurodegenerative diseases, called tauopathies. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of tauopathies, human neuronal cell models are required to study Tau physiology and pathology in vitro. Primary rodent neurons are an often used model for studying Tau, but rodent Tau differs in sequence, splicing, and aggregation propensity, and rodent neuronal physiology cannot be compared to humans. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons are expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line is a commonly used cell model in neuroscience as it combines convenient handling and low costs with the advantages of human-derived cells. Since naïve SH-SY5Y cells show little similarity to human neurons and almost no Tau expression, differentiation is necessary to obtain human-like neurons for studying Tau protein-related aspects of health and disease. As they express in principle all six Tau isoforms seen in the human brain, differentiated SH-SY5Y-derived neurons are suitable for investigating the human microtubule-associated protein Tau and, for example, its sorting and trafficking. Here, we describe and discuss a general cultivation procedure as well as four differentiation methods to obtain SH-SY5Y-derived neurons resembling noradrenergic, dopaminergic, and cholinergic properties, based on the treatment with retinoic acid (RA), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and 12-O-tetrade canoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). TPA and RA-/TPA-based protocols achieve differentiation efficiencies of 40-50% after 9 days of treatment. The highest differentiation efficiency (~75%) is accomplished by a combination of RA and BDNF; treatment only with RA is the most time-efficient method as ~50% differentiated cells can be obtained already after 7 days."
8119,brain tumour,38512564,Barriers and facilitators to self-management in people living with a lower-grade glioma.,"Self-management can have clinical and quality-of-life benefits. However, people with lower-grade gliomas (LGG) may face chronic tumour- and/or treatment-related symptoms and impairments (e.g. cognitive deficits, seizures), which could influence their ability to self-manage. Our study aimed to identify and understand the barriers and facilitators to self-management in people with LGG."
8120,brain tumour,38512448,Current approaches in glioblastoma multiforme immunotherapy.,"Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most prevalent CNS (central nervous system) tumor in adults, with an average survival length shorter than 2 years and rare metastasis to organs other than CNS. Despite extensive attempts at surgical resecting, the inherently permeable nature of this disease has rendered relapse nearly unavoidable. Thus, immunotherapy is a feasible alternative, as stimulated immune cells can enter into the remote and inaccessible tumor cells. Immunotherapy has revolutionized patient upshots in various malignancies and might introduce different effective ways for GBM patients. Currently, researchers are exploring various immunotherapeutic strategies in patients with GBM to target both the innate and acquired immune responses. These approaches include reprogrammed tumor-associated macrophages, the use of specific antibodies to inhibit tumor progression and metastasis, modifying tumor-associated macrophages with antibodies, vaccines that utilize tumor-specific dendritic cells to activate anti-tumor T cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and enhanced T cells that function against tumor cells. Despite these findings, there is still room for improving the response faults of the many currently tested immunotherapies. This study aims to review the currently used immunotherapy approaches with their molecular mechanisms and clinical application in GBM."
8121,brain tumour,38512222,Induction of SK-MEL-28 Invasion by Brain Cortical Cell-Conditioned Medium Through CXCL10 Signaling.,"Melanoma, an infrequent yet significant variant of skin cancer, emerges as a primary cause of brain metastasis among various malignancies. Despite recognizing the involvement of inflammatory molecules, particularly chemokines, in shaping the metastatic microenvironment, the intricate cellular signaling mechanisms underlying cerebral metastasis remain elusive. In our pursuit to unravel the role of cytokines in melanoma metastasis, we devised a protocol utilizing mixed cerebral cortical cells and SK-MEL-28 melanoma cell lines. Contrary to expectations, we observed no discernible morphological change in melanoma cells exposed to a cerebral conditioned medium (CM). However, a substantial increase in both migration and proliferation was quantitatively noted. Profiling the chemokine secretion by melanoma in response to the cerebral CM unveiled the pivotal role of interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (CXCL10), inhibiting the secretion of interleukin 8 (CXCL8). Furthermore, through a transwell assay, we demonstrated that knockdown CXCL10 led to a significant decrease in the migration of the SK-MEL-28 cell line. In conclusion, our findings suggest that a cerebral CM induces melanoma cell migration, while modulating the secretion of CXCL10 and CXCL8 in the context of brain metastases. These insights advance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms in melanoma cerebral metastasis, paving the way for further exploration and targeted therapeutic interventions."
8122,brain tumour,38512034,[3-Deazaadenosine (3-DAA) accelerates Japanese encephalitis virus replication and down-regulates levels of inflammatory factors in mouse and hamster cells].,"Objective To investigate the effect of 3-deazaadenosine (3-DAA), an N"
8123,brain tumour,38511960,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Based Machine Learning Prediction of Tumor Grading in Motor-Eloquent Gliomas.,Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) is a well-established preoperative mapping tool for motor-eloquent glioma surgery. Machine learning (ML) and nTMS may improve clinical outcome prediction and histological correlation.
8124,brain tumour,38511946,Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiosurgery in the Management of Brain Metastases.,"Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an important weapon in the management of brain metastases. Single-fraction SRS is associated with local control rates ranging from approximately 70% to 100%, which are largely dependent on lesion and postoperative cavity size. The rates of local control and improved neurocognitive outcomes compared with conventional whole-brain radiation therapy have led to increased adoption of SRS in these settings. However, when treating larger targets and/or targets located in eloquent locations, the risk of normal tissue toxicity and adverse radiation effects within healthy brain tissue becomes significantly higher. Thus, hypofractionated SRS has become a widely adopted approach, which allows for the delivery of ablative doses of radiation while also minimizing the risk of toxicity. This approach has been studied in multiple retrospective reports in both the postoperative and intact settings. While there are no reported randomized data to date, there are trials underway evaluating this paradigm. In this article, we review the role of hypofractionated SRS in the management of brain metastases and emerging data that will serve to validate this treatment approach. Pertinent articles and references were obtained from a comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE and clinicaltrials.gov ."
8125,brain tumour,38511935,Optimizing Recurrent Glioblastoma Salvage Treatment: A Multicenter Study Integrating Genetic Biomarkers From the Korean Radiation Oncology Group (21-02).,Few studies have used real-world patient data to compare overall treatment patterns and survival outcomes for recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM). This study aimed to evaluate postprogression survival (PPS) according to the treatment strategy for rGBM by incorporating biomarker analysis.
8126,brain tumour,38511879,14q22.3 duplication including OTX2 in a girl with medulloblastoma: A case report with literature review.,"Orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2) is a known oncogenic driver of medulloblastoma. Germline duplication of 14q22.3 including OTX2 is a rare condition reported in patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiency, oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum, and hemifacial microsomia. There has been one previously published case of a patient carrying a 14q22.3 duplication that included OTX2 with hemifacial microsomia who also developed medulloblastoma. Here, we present a case of a 6-year-old girl with a history of delayed development who was diagnosed with medulloblastoma. Genetic evaluations revealed that she inherited a germline duplication of 14q22.3, which included OTX2. This genetic alteration was passed down from her mother, who also had a history of delayed development. Results from other genetic testing, including exome sequencing, fragile X syndrome, and mtDNA testing, were negative/normal. This is the second report of a 14q22.3 duplication that included OTX2 in a patient with medulloblastoma. Further studies are necessary to establish a clear association."
8127,brain tumour,38511157,"Trapped temporal horn: From theory to practice, a systematic review of current understanding and future perspectives.","The Entrapped Temporal Horn (ETH) is characterized by localized enlargement of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle of the brain. This study aimed to investigate the factors, development, prognosis, and effective treatment."
8128,brain tumour,38511139,Looking beyond year 1 in the molecular era of pediatric brain tumor diagnosis: confirmatory testing of germline variants found on tumor sequencing.,"Somatic molecular profiling of pediatric brain tumors aids with the diagnosis and treatment of patients with a variety of high- and low-grade central nervous system neoplasms. Here, we report follow-up targeted germline evaluation for patients with possible germline variants following tumor only testing in the initial year in which somatic molecular testing was implemented at a single institution."
8129,brain tumour,38511060,Shedding light on function of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in glioblastoma.,"The brain tumors and especially glioblastoma, are affecting life of many people worldwide and due to their high mortality and morbidity, their treatment is of importance and has gained attention in recent years. The abnormal expression of genes is commonly observed in GBM and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have demonstrated dysregulation in this tumor. LncRNAs have length more than 200 nucleotides and they have been located in cytoplasm and nucleus. The current review focuses on the role of lncRNAs in GBM. There two types of lncRNAs in GBM including tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs and overexpression of oncogenic lncRNAs increases progression of GBM. LncRNAs can regulate proliferation, cell cycle arrest and metastasis of GBM cells. Wnt, STAT3 and EZH2 are among the molecular pathways affected by lncRNAs in GBM and for regulating metastasis of GBM cells, these RNA molecules mainly affect EMT mechanism. LncRNAs are involved in drug resistance and can induce resistance of GBM cells to temozolomide chemotherapy. Furthermore, lncRNAs stimulate radio-resistance in GBM cells. LncRNAs increase PD-1 expression to mediate immune evasion. LncRNAs can be considered as diagnostic and prognostic tools in GBM and researchers have developed signature from lncRNAs in GBM."
8130,brain tumour,38510701,Commentary: Clinical characteristics of male prolactinoma patients mainly presenting with severe obesity and the metabolic response to dopamine agonist therapy.,No abstract found
8131,brain tumour,38510632,Radiological characterization of pediatric intramedullary astrocytomas: Do they differ from adults?,The incidence of intramedullary spinal cord tumors ranges from 2 to 4% of all central nervous system tumors. Only 6-8% are astrocytomas. The gold standard to diagnose a spinal cord tumor is the spinal cord MRI 
8132,brain tumour,38510631,A rare trifocal presentation of a choroid plexus papilloma: Case report and review of the literature.,"CPP's present as slow-growing intraventricular neoplasms arising from epithelium of choroid plexus. They account for approximately 0.5-4% of intracranial neoplasms in adults and children, respectively. A trifocal presentation is exceedingly rare."
8133,brain tumour,38510629,Dural reconstruction with or without a bone graft of paranasal and anterior skullbase malignancies: Retrospective single-center analysis of 11 cases and review of literature.,"The reconstruction of frontobasal defects following oncologic resections of paranasal and anterior skull base (ASB) malignancies remains challenging. Ineffective reconstruction could lead to cerebrospinal fluid leak, meningitis, and tension pneumocephalus."
8134,brain tumour,38510620,Impact of function-guided glioma treatment on oncological outcome in the elderly.,Many patients with high-grade gliomas (HGG) are of older age.
8135,brain tumour,38510611,Influence of sex and disease etiology on the development of papilledema and optic nerve sheath extension in the setting of intracranial pressure elevation in children.,Dilatation of the optic nerve sheath diameter and swelling of the optic disc are known phenomena associated with intracranial pressure elevation.
8136,brain tumour,38510610,Prospective insights into spinal surgery outcomes and adverse events: A comparative study between patients 65-79 years vs. ≥80 years from a German tertiary center.,"In light of an aging global population, understanding adverse events (AEs) in surgeries for older adults is crucial for optimal outcomes and patient safety."
8137,brain tumour,38510608,NTMS based tractography and segmental diffusion analysis in patients with brainstem gliomas: Risk stratification and clinical potential.,"Surgery on the brainstem level is associated with a high-risk of postoperative morbidity. Recently, we have introduced the combination of navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography to define functionally relevant motor fibers tracts on the brainstem level to support operative planning and risk stratification in brainstem cavernomas."
8138,brain tumour,38510602,Effects of Levetiracetam and Lacosamide on survival and seizure control in IDH-wild type glioblastoma during temozolomide plus radiation adjuvant therapy.,There are no clear indications for the best choice of anti-seizure medications to control brain tumor related epilepsy. In vitro studies have shown an antitumoral effect of Levetiracetam and Lacosamide on glioblastoma IDH-wild type.
8139,brain tumour,38510597,Cerebral tumor with hemi-dural enhancement as unique presentation of multiple myeloma: A case report.,"Intracranial multiple myeloma (MM) is a rare manifestation of MM, a malignant plasma cell disorder that primarily affects bone marrow. Dural involvement in MM is even rarer and can manifest as a dural mass. We present a case of MM presenting as an intracranial dural tumor with primary hemi-dural involvement."
8140,brain tumour,38510250,Unraveling the intricacies of glioblastoma progression and recurrence: insights into the role of NFYB and oxidative phosphorylation at the single-cell level.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), with its high recurrence and mortality rates, makes it the deadliest neurological malignancy. Oxidative phosphorylation is a highly active cellular pathway in GBM, and NFYB is a tumor-associated transcription factor. Both are related to mitochondrial function, but studies on their relationship with GBM at the single-cell level are still scarce."
8141,brain tumour,38510015,PDP type brain tumor in association with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.,"Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome caused by inactivating pathogenic variants in the tumor suppressor gene menin 1 on chromosome 11q13 (Falchetti et al., 2009). The syndrome is characterized by neoplasia in two or more endocrine glands and has a high degree of penetrance. Pathogenic germline multiple neoplasia type 1 variants primarily result in neoplasia affecting the parathyroid glands, the pancreatic islet cells, and the anterior pituitary in combination. Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common pathological manifestation of the syndrome, followed by pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Important genetic confirmation has been provided showing that ependymoma should be considered as a neoplasm that can occur in patients with MEN1 (Kato et al., 1996; Cuevas-Ocampo et al., 2017). The biphasic histopathological tumor entity shown in the present case we name Pleomorphic Xanthoastocytoma grade 3 differential pathology (PDP) in association with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1. This MEN1 associated tumor subtype is an extension of the findings on MEN1 associated ependymoma, where we show that the clinical phenotype itself may potentially be triggered by a frameshift germline pathogenic variant for the MEN1 gene, in combination with cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B gene germline variant and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A somatic deletion downstream of menin."
8142,brain tumour,38509761,Ultrasound-Activated Piezoelectric Nanoparticles Trigger Microglia Activity Against Glioblastoma Cells.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain cancer, characterized by a rapid and drug-resistant progression. GBM ""builds"" around its primary core a genetically heterogeneous tumor-microenvironment (TME), recruiting surrounding healthy brain cells by releasing various intercellular signals. Glioma-associated microglia (GAM) represent the largest population of collaborating cells, which, in the TME, usually exhibit the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, thus promoting an immunosuppressing environment that helps tumor growth. Conversely, ""classically activated"" M1 microglia could provide proinflammatory and antitumorigenic activity, expected to exert a beneficial effect in defeating glioblastoma. In this work, an immunotherapy approach based on proinflammatory modulation of the GAM phenotype is proposed, through a controlled and localized electrical stimulation. The developed strategy relies on the wireless ultrasonic excitation of polymeric piezoelectric nanoparticles coated with GBM cell membrane extracts, to exploit homotypic targeting in antiglioma applications. Such camouflaged nanotransducers locally generate electrical cues on GAM membranes, activating their M1 phenotype and ultimately triggering a promising anticancer activity. Collected findings open new perspectives in the modulation of immune cell activities through ""smart"" nanomaterials and, more specifically, provide an innovative auspicious tool in glioma immunotherapy."
8143,brain tumour,38509672,"Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Type 3 and 5 Feature the ""NeuroTransmitter-type"" of Glioblastoma: A Bioinformatic Approach.","Glioblastoma (GBM) represents an aggressive and common tumor of the central nervous system. The prognosis of GBM is poor, and despite a refined genetic and molecular characterization, pharmacological treatment is largely suboptimal."
8144,brain tumour,38509654,Reirradiation of metastases of the central nervous system: part 1-brain metastasis.,"Because of improved survival of cancer patients, more patients irradiated for brain metastases develop intracerebral recurrences requiring subsequent courses of radiotherapy. Five studies focused on reirradiation with whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) after initial WBRT for brain metastases. Following the second WBRT course, improvement of clinical symptoms was found in 31-68% of patients. Rates of neurotoxicity, such as encephalopathy or cognitive decline, were reported in two studies (1.4% and 32%). In another study, severe or unexpected adverse events were not observed. Survival following the second WBRT course was generally poor, with median survival times of 2.9-4.1 months. The survival prognosis of patients receiving two courses of WBRT can be estimated by a scoring tool considering five prognostic factors. Three studies investigated reirradiation with single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SF-SRS) following primary WBRT. One-year local control rates were 74-91%, and median survival times ranged between 7.8 and 14 months. Rates of radiation necrosis (RN) after reirradiation were 0-6%. Seven studies were considered that investigated re-treatment with SF-SRS or fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (FSRT) following initial SF-SRS or FSRT. One-year local control rates were 60-88%, and the median survival times ranged between 8.3 and 25 months. During follow-up after reirradiation, rates of overall (asymptomatic or symptomatic) RN ranged between 12.5% and 30.4%. Symptomatic RN occurred in 4.3% to 23.9% of cases (patients or lesions). The risk of RN associated with symptoms and/or requiring surgery or corticosteroids appears lower after reirradiation with FSRT when compared to SF-SRS. Other potential risk factors of RN include the volume of overlap of normal tissue receiving 12 Gy at the first course and 18 Gy at the second course of SF-SRS, maximum doses ≥40 Gy of the first or the second SF-SRS courses, V12 Gy >9 cm3 of the second course, initial treatment with SF-SRS, volume of normal brain receiving 5 Gy during reirradiation with FSRT, and systemic treatment. Cumulative EQD2 ≤100-120 Gy2 to brain, <100 Gy2 to brainstem, and <75 Gy2 to chiasm and optic nerves may be considered safe. Since most studies were retrospective in nature, prospective trials are required to better define safety and efficacy of reirradiation for recurrent or progressive brain metastases."
8145,brain tumour,38509433,"Clinical Management of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Brain Metastases, and Actionable Genomic Alterations: A Systematic Literature Review.","Nearly 60% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) present with metastatic disease, and approximately 20% have brain metastases (BrMs) at diagnosis. During the disease course, 25-50% of patients will develop BrMs. Despite available treatments, survival rates for patients with NSCLC and BrMs remain low, and their overall prognosis is poor. Even with newer agents for NSCLC, options for treating BrMs can be limited by their ineffective transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the unique brain tumor microenvironment. The presence of actionable genomic alterations (AGAs) is a key determinant of optimal treatment selection, which aims to maximize responses and minimize toxicities. The objective of this systematic literature review (SLR) was to understand the current landscape of the clinical management of patients with NSCLC and BrMs, particularly those with AGAs."
8146,brain tumour,38509320,Revolutionizing brain interventions: the multifaceted potential of histotripsy.,"Histotripsy, a non-thermal ultrasound technique, holds significant promise in various applications within the realm of brain interventions. While its use for treating brain tumors is somewhat limited, focused ultrasound technology has been extensively investigated for a wide range of purposes within the brain, including disrupting the blood-brain barrier, supporting immunotherapy, addressing conditions like essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and neuropathic pain. Research findings indicate that histotripsy can reduce tumor cells with fewer pulses, minimizing the risk of bleeding and cellular injury. The use of MRI sequences such as T2 and T2* enhances the evaluation of the effects of histotripsy treatment, facilitating non-invasive assessment of treated areas. Furthermore, histotripsy displays promise in creating precise brain lesions with minimal edema and inflammation, particularly in porcine models, suggesting considerable progress in the treatment of brain lesions. Moreover, studies confirm its feasibility, safety, and effectiveness in treating intracerebral hemorrhage by safely liquefying clots without causing significant harm to surrounding brain tissue., opening exciting possibilities for clinical applications. The development of transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound systems based on histotripsy represents a significant breakthrough in overcoming the limitations associated with thermal ablation techniques. Histotripsy's ability to efficiently liquefy clots, minimize skull heating, and target shallow lesions near the skull establishes it as a promising alternative for various brain treatments. In conclusion, histotripsy offers diverse potential in the field of brain interventions, encompassing applications ranging from tumor treatment to the management of intracerebral hemorrhage. While challenges such as accurate monitoring and differentiation of treatment effects persist, ongoing research efforts and technological advancements continue to expand the role of histotripsy in both neurology and neurosurgery."
8147,brain tumour,38509200,Reply to 'Tumour fibrosis in dopamine agonist-exposed prolactinomas is a diminishing concern'.,No abstract found
8148,brain tumour,38509199,Tumour fibrosis in dopamine agonist-exposed prolactinomas is a diminishing concern.,No abstract found
8149,brain tumour,38509074,DMRTA2 supports glioma stem-cell mediated neovascularization in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal brain tumor in adults. Due to its fast proliferation, diffusive growth and therapy resistance survival times are less than two years for patients with IDH-wildtype GBM. GBM is noted for the considerable cellular heterogeneity, high stemness indices and abundance of the glioma stem-like cells known to support tumor progression, therapeutic resistance and recurrence. Doublesex- and mab-3-related transcription factor a2 (DMRTA2) is involved in maintaining neural progenitor cells (NPC) in the cell cycle and its overexpression suppresses NPC differentiation. Despite the reports showing that primary GBM originates from transformed neural stem/progenitors cells, the role of DMRTA2 in gliomagenesis has not been elucidated so far. Here we show the upregulation of DMRTA2 expression in malignant gliomas. Immunohistochemical staining showed the protein concentrated in small cells with high proliferative potential and cells localized around blood vessels, where it colocalizes with pericyte-specific markers. Knock-down of DMRTA2 in human glioma cells impairs proliferation but not viability of the cells, and affects the formation of the tumor spheres, as evidenced by strong decrease in the number and size of spheres in in vitro cultures. Moreover, the knockdown of DMRTA2 in glioma spheres affects the stabilization of the glioma stem-like cell-dependent tube formation in an in vitro angiogenesis assay. We conclude that DMRTA2 is a new player in gliomagenesis and tumor neovascularization and due to its high expression in malignant gliomas could be a biomarker and potential target for new therapeutic strategies in glioblastoma."
8150,brain tumour,38508934,Multiparametric MRI-Based Interpretable Radiomics Machine Learning Model Differentiates Medulloblastoma and Ependymoma in Children: A Two-Center Study.,"Medulloblastoma (MB) and Ependymoma (EM) in children, share similarities in age group, tumor location, and clinical presentation. Distinguishing between them through clinical diagnosis is challenging. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of using radiomics and machine learning on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to differentiate between MB and EM and validate its diagnostic ability with an external set."
8151,brain tumour,38508520,Primary Cilia as a Tumor Marker in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors.,"Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) account for approximately 15% of all intracranial neoplasms. Although they usually appear to be benign, some tumors display worse behavior, displaying rapid growth, invasion, refractoriness to treatment, and recurrence. Increasing evidence supports the role of primary cilia (PC) in regulating cancer development. Here, we showed that PC are significantly increased in PitNETs and are associated with increased tumor invasion and recurrence. Serial electron micrographs of PITNETs demonstrated different ciliation phenotypes (dot-like versus normal-like cilia) that represented PC at different stages of ciliogenesis. Molecular findings demonstrated that 123 ciliary-associated genes (eg, doublecortin domain containing protein 2, Sintaxin-3, and centriolar coiled-coil protein 110) were dysregulated in PitNETs, representing the upregulation of markers at different stages of intracellular ciliogenesis. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that ciliogenesis is increased in PitNETs, suggesting that this process might be used as a potential target for therapy in the future."
8152,brain tumour,38508081,CD19 CAR-expressing iPSC-derived NK cells effectively enhance migration and cytotoxicity into glioblastoma by targeting to the pericytes in tumor microenvironment.,"In cancer immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting specific antigens have become a powerful tool for cell-based therapy. CAR-natural killer (NK) cells offer selective anticancer lysis with reduced off-tumor toxicity compared to CAR-T cells, which is beneficial in the heterogeneous milieu of solid tumors. In the tumor microenvironment (TME) of glioblastoma (GBM), pericytes not only support tumor growth but also contribute to immune evasion, underscoring their potential as therapeutic targets in GBM treatment. Given this context, our study aimed to target the GBM TME, with a special focus on pericytes expressing CD19, to evaluate the potential effectiveness of CD19 CAR-iNK cells against GBM. We performed CD19 CAR transduction in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived NK (iNK) cells. To determine whether CD19 CAR targets the TME pericytes in GBM, we developed GBM-blood vessel assembloids (GBVA) by fusing GBM spheroids with blood vessel organoids. When co-cultured with GBVA, CD19 CAR-iNK cells migrated towards the pericytes surrounding the GBM. Using a microfluidic chip, we demonstrated CD19 CAR-iNK cells' targeted action and cytotoxic effects in a perfusion-like environment. GBVA xenografts recapitulated the TME including human CD19-positive pericytes, thereby enabling the application of an in vivo model for validating the efficacy of CD19 CAR-iNK cells against GBM. Compared to GBM spheroids, the presence of pericytes significantly enhanced CD19 CAR-iNK cell migration towards GBM and reduced proliferation. These results underline the efficacy of CD19 CAR-iNK cells in targeting pericytes within the GBM TME, suggesting their potential therapeutic value for GBM treatment."
8153,brain tumour,38507989,Chat-GPT on brain tumors: An examination of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning's ability to provide diagnoses and treatment plans for example neuro-oncology cases.,"Assess the capabilities of ChatGPT-3.5 and 4 to provide accurate diagnoses, treatment options, and treatment plans for brain tumors in example neuro-oncology cases."
8154,brain tumour,38507895,Policy strategies for capacity building and scale up of the workforce for comprehensive cancer care: a systematic review.,"Patients with cancer in low- and middle-income countries experience worse outcomes as a result of the limited capacity of health systems to deliver comprehensive cancer care. The health workforce is a key component of health systems; however, deep gaps exist in the availability and accessibility of cancer care providers."
8155,brain tumour,23865096,,
8156,brain tumour,38507506,"Insights from a multicenter study on adult H3 K27M-mutated glioma: Surgical resection's limited influence on overall survival, ATRX as molecular prognosticator.","H3 K27M-mutated gliomas were first described as a new grade 4 entity in the 2016 World Health Organization classification. Current studies have focused on its typical appearance in children and young adults, increasing the need to better understand the prognostic factors and impact of surgery on adults. Here, we report a multicentric study of this entity in adults."
8157,brain tumour,38507470,Reactivating PTEN to impair glioma stem cells by inhibiting cytosolic iron-sulfur assembly.,"Glioblastoma, the most lethal primary brain tumor, harbors glioma stem cells (GSCs) that not only initiate and maintain malignant phenotypes but also enhance therapeutic resistance. Although frequently mutated in glioblastomas, the function and regulation of PTEN in PTEN-intact GSCs are unknown. Here, we found that PTEN directly interacted with MMS19 and competitively disrupted MMS19-based cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster assembly (CIA) machinery in differentiated glioma cells. PTEN was specifically succinated at cysteine (C) 211 in GSCs compared with matched differentiated glioma cells. Isotope tracing coupled with mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that fumarate, generated by adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) in the de novo purine synthesis pathway that is highly activated in GSCs, promoted PTEN C211 succination. This modification abrogated the interaction between PTEN and MMS19, reactivating the CIA machinery pathway in GSCs. Functionally, inhibiting PTEN C211 succination by reexpressing a PTEN C211S mutant, depleting ADSL by shRNAs, or consuming fumarate by the US Food and Drug Administration-approved prescription drug "
8158,brain tumour,38507464,EGFR amplification and EGFRvIII predict and participate in TAT-Cx43266-283 antitumor response in preclinical glioblastoma models.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) commonly displays epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) alterations (mainly amplification and EGFRvIII) and TAT-Cx43266-283 is a Src-inhibitory peptide with antitumor properties in preclinical GBM models. Given the link between EGFR and Src, the aim of this study was to explore the role of EGFR in the antitumor effects of TAT-Cx43266-283."
8159,brain tumour,38507437,Gene expression analysis suggests immunosuppressive roles of endolysosomes in glioblastoma.,"Targeting endolysosomes is a strategy extensively pursued for treating cancers, including glioblastomas (GBMs), on the basis that the intact function of these subcellular organelles is key to tumor cell autophagy and survival. Through gene expression analyses and cell type abundance estimation in GBMs, we showed that genes associated with the endolysosomal machinery are more prominently featured in non-tumor cells in GBMs than in tumor cells, and that tumor-associated macrophages represent the primary immune cell type that contributes to this trend. Further analyses found an enrichment of endolysosomal pathway genes in immunosuppressive (pro-tumorigenic) macrophages, such as M2-like macrophages or those associated with worse prognosis in glioma patients, but not in those linked to inflammation (anti-tumorigenic). Specifically, genes critical to the hydrolysis function of endolysosomes, including progranulin and cathepsins, were among the most positively correlated with immunosuppressive macrophages, and elevated expression of these genes is associated with worse patient survival in GBMs. Together, these results implicate the hydrolysis function of endolysosomes in shaping the immunosuppressive microenvironment of GBM. We propose that targeting endolysosomes, in addition to its detrimental effects on tumor cells, can be leveraged for modulating immunosuppression to render GBMs more amenable to immunotherapies."
8160,brain tumour,38507081,Autoimmune encephalitis: what the radiologist needs to know.,"Autoimmune encephalitis is a relatively novel nosological entity characterized by an immune-mediated damage of the central nervous system. While originally described as a paraneoplastic inflammatory phenomenon affecting limbic structures, numerous instances of non-paraneoplastic pathogenesis, as well as extra-limbic involvement, have been characterized. Given the wide spectrum of insidious clinical presentations ranging from cognitive impairment to psychiatric symptoms or seizures, it is crucial to raise awareness about this disease category. In fact, an early diagnosis can be dramatically beneficial for the prognosis both to achieve an early therapeutic intervention and to detect a potential underlying malignancy. In this scenario, the radiologist can be the first to pose the hypothesis of autoimmune encephalitis and refer the patient to a comprehensive diagnostic work-up - including clinical, serological, and neurophysiological assessments.In this article, we illustrate the main radiological characteristics of autoimmune encephalitis and its subtypes, including the typical limbic presentation, the features of extra-limbic involvement, and also peculiar imaging findings. In addition, we review the most relevant alternative diagnoses that should be considered, ranging from other encephalitides to neoplasms, vascular conditions, and post-seizure alterations. Finally, we discuss the most appropriate imaging diagnostic work-up, also proposing a suggested MRI protocol."
8161,brain tumour,38506645,Motor seizures confer overall survival benefit in who grade 2 glioma.,"The prevalence of epilepsy in World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 glioma is high, with seizures being the presenting symptom in 60%-90%. We explore the epidemiology of seizures in this patient population in a regional neurosurgical center."
8162,brain tumour,38506564,Integrative analysis of bulk RNA-seq and scRNA-seq data indicates the prognostic and immunologic values of SERPINH1 in glioma.,"SERPINH1 is abnormally expressed in multiple cancers and is associated with malignant progression. However, few reports detail its role in the etiopathogenesis of glioma. Hence, the aim of this article was to investigate the potential value of SERPINH1 in glioma using an integrative analysis."
8163,brain tumour,38506351,ARF4-mediated retrograde trafficking as a driver of chemoresistance in glioblastoma.,"Cellular functions hinge on the meticulous orchestration of protein transport, both spatially and temporally. Central to this process is retrograde trafficking, responsible for targeting proteins to the nucleus. Despite its link to many diseases, the implications of retrograde trafficking in glioblastoma (GBM) are still unclear."
8164,brain tumour,38506099,The role of cardiolipin and cytochrome ,"In this paper, we present Raman imaging as a non-invasive approach for studying changes in mitochondrial metabolism caused by cardiolipin-cytochrome "
8165,brain tumour,38505734,Solitary Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastasis to the Eyelid: A Case Report.,"This study is a case of solitary clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) eyelid metastasis in a 66-year-old man as the first sign of a primary tumor. ccRCC usually spreads to the lungs, mediastinum, bones, liver, and brain, while ocular metastases are rare."
8166,brain tumour,38505606,H-ferritin-nanocaged gadolinium nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive MR molecular imaging.,
8167,brain tumour,38505467,Non-invasive prediction of overall survival time for glioblastoma multiforme patients based on multimodal MRI radiomics.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and deadly primary malignant brain tumor. As GBM tumor is aggressive and shows high biological heterogeneity, the overall survival (OS) time is extremely low even with the most aggressive treatment. If the OS time can be predicted before surgery, developing personalized treatment plans for GBM patients will be beneficial. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a commonly used diagnostic tool for brain tumors with high-resolution and sound imaging effects. However, in clinical practice, doctors mainly rely on manually segmenting the tumor regions in MRI and predicting the OS time of GBM patients, which is time-consuming, subjective and repetitive, limiting the effectiveness of clinical diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to segment the brain tumor regions in MRI, and an accurate pre-operative prediction of OS time for personalized treatment is highly desired. In this study, we present a multimodal MRI radiomics-based automatic framework for non-invasive prediction of the OS time for GBM patients. A modified 3D-UNet model is built to segment tumor subregions in MRI of GBM patients; then, the radiomic features in the tumor subregions are extracted and combined with the clinical features input into the Support Vector Regression (SVR) model to predict the OS time. In the experiments, the BraTS2020, BraTS2019 and BraTS2018 datasets are used to evaluate our framework. Our model achieves competitive OS time prediction accuracy compared to most typical approaches."
8168,brain tumour,38505458,Physiotherapy Intervention in a Patient With a Glioma of the Cingulate Gyrus: A Report of a Rare Case.,"The cortical part of the limbic system, the cingulate gyrus (CG), is a conspicuous structure present in the central aspect of the cerebral cortex. It is associated with various cognitive, emotional, and behavioral purposes and has a significant impact on the limbic system, which is responsible for emotions and memory processes. The aim of the study is to comprehensively document and evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy intervention in managing a rare case of glioma specifically located in the CG through a concise and impactful online presentation. A CG lesion refers to damage or injury to the CG, a part of the brain located in the cerebral cortex's medial (inner) aspect. A 45-year-old female was admitted to the neurosurgery ICU with a complaint of diminished vision and headaches for the past 1.5 months. She had a history of fever and vomiting. She was diagnosed with a CG lesion on the contrast-enhanced MRI of the brain. This report of a rare case highlights the potential benefits of physiotherapy intervention in a patient with a glioma of the CG. The unique challenges posed by this specific brain tumor location necessitate a tailored and multidisciplinary approach to patient care."
8169,brain tumour,38505170,Nanoparticle-Based Combinational Strategies for Overcoming the Blood-Brain Barrier and Blood-Tumor Barrier.,"The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-tumor barrier (BTB) pose substantial challenges to efficacious drug delivery for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a primary brain tumor with poor prognosis. Nanoparticle-based combinational strategies have emerged as promising modalities to overcome these barriers and enhance drug penetration into the brain parenchyma. This review discusses various nanoparticle-based combinatorial approaches that combine nanoparticles with cell-based drug delivery, viral drug delivery, focused ultrasound, magnetic field, and intranasal drug delivery to enhance drug permeability across the BBB and BTB. Cell-based drug delivery involves using engineered cells as carriers for nanoparticles, taking advantage of their intrinsic migratory and homing capabilities to facilitate the transport of therapeutic payloads across BBB and BTB. Viral drug delivery uses engineered viral vectors to deliver therapeutic genes or payloads to specific cells within the GBM microenvironment. Focused ultrasound, coupled with microbubbles or nanoparticles, can temporarily disrupt the BBB to increase drug permeability. Magnetic field-guided drug delivery exploits magnetic nanoparticles to facilitate targeted drug delivery under an external magnetic field. Intranasal drug delivery offers a minimally invasive avenue to bypass the BBB and deliver therapeutic agents directly to the brain via olfactory and trigeminal pathways. By combining these strategies, synergistic effects can enhance drug delivery efficiency, improve therapeutic efficacy, and reduce off-target effects. Future research should focus on optimizing nanoparticle design, exploring new combination strategies, and advancing preclinical and clinical investigations to promote the translation of nanoparticle-based combination therapies for GBM."
8170,brain tumour,38504418,Cerebellar phenotypes in germline PTEN mutation carriers.,"PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome (PHTS) comprises different hereditary conditions caused by germline PTEN mutations, predisposing to the development of multiple hamartomas in many body tissues and also increasing the risk of some types of cancer. Cerebellar involvement in PHTS patients has been long known due to the development of a pathognomonic cerebellar hamartoma (known as dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum or Lhermitte-Duclos disease). Recently, a crucial role of the cerebellum has been highlighted in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders, now recognised as a phenotype expressed in a variable percentage of PHTS children. In addition, rare PTEN variants are indeed identified in medulloblastoma as well, even if they are less frequent than other germline gene mutations. The importance of PTEN and its downstream signalling enzymatic pathways, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, has been studied at different levels in both human clinical settings and animal models, not only leading to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of different disorders but, most importantly, to identify potential targets for specific therapies. In particular, PTEN integrity makes an important contribution to the normal development of tissue architecture in the nervous system, including the cerebellum. Thus, in patients with PTEN germline mutations, the cerebellum is an affected organ that is increasingly recognised in different disorders, whereas, in animal models, cerebellar Pten loss causes a variety of functional and histological alterations. In this review, we summarise the range of cerebellar involvement observed in PHTS and its relationships with germline PTEN mutations, along with the phenotypes expressed by murine models with PTEN deficiency in cerebellar tissue."
8171,brain tumour,38504345,"Epigenetic MLH1 silencing concurs with mismatch repair deficiency in sporadic, naturally occurring colorectal cancer in rhesus macaques.",Naturally occurring colorectal cancers (CRC) in rhesus macaques share many features with their human counterparts and are useful models for cancer immunotherapy; but mechanistic data are lacking regarding the comparative molecular pathogenesis of these cancers.
8172,brain tumour,38504272,Bi,Photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy of bismuth sulfide (Bi
8173,brain tumour,38503992,Excess mortality in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) often present with a variety of clinical manifestations and comorbidities, mainly determined by the local mass effect of the tumor and by hypopituitarism. Whether this has an impact on overall mortality, however, is still unclear."
8174,brain tumour,38503961,Manipulating mitochondrial electron flow: a novel approach to enhance tumor immunogenicity.,No abstract found
8175,brain tumour,38503943,Near-real-time Mueller polarimetric image processing for neurosurgical intervention.,"Wide-field imaging Mueller polarimetry is a revolutionary, label-free, and non-invasive modality for computer-aided intervention; in neurosurgery, it aims to provide visual feedback of white matter fibre bundle orientation from derived parameters. Conventionally, robust polarimetric parameters are estimated after averaging multiple measurements of intensity for each pair of probing and detected polarised light. Long multi-shot averaging, however, is not compatible with real-time in vivo imaging, and the current performance of polarimetric data processing hinders the translation to clinical practice."
8176,brain tumour,38503930,The potential of baicalin to enhance neuroprotection and mitochondrial function in a human neuronal cell model.,"Baicalin is a flavone glycoside derived from flowering plants belonging to the Scutellaria genus. Previous studies have reported baicalin's anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in rodent models, indicating the potential of baicalin in neuropsychiatric disorders where alterations in numerous processes are observed. However, the extent of baicalin's therapeutic effects remains undetermined in a human cell model, more specifically, neuronal cells to mimic the brain environment in vitro. As a proof of concept, we treated C8-B4 cells (murine cell model) with three different doses of baicalin (0.1, 1 and 5 μM) and vehicle control (DMSO) for 24 h after liposaccharide-induced inflammation and measured the levels of TNF-α in the medium by ELISA. NT2-N cells (human neuronal-like cell model) underwent identical baicalin treatment, followed by RNA extraction, genome-wide mRNA expression profiles and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). We also performed neurite outgrowth assays and mitochondrial flux bioanalysis (Seahorse) in NT2-N cells. We found that in C8-B4 cells, baicalin at ≥ 1 μM exhibited anti-inflammatory effects, lowering TNF-α levels in the cell culture media. In NT2-N cells, baicalin positively affected neurite outgrowth and transcriptionally up-regulated genes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the glycolysis pathway. Similarly, Seahorse analysis showed increased oxygen consumption rate in baicalin-treated NT2-N cells, an indicator of enhanced mitochondrial function. Together, our findings have confirmed the neuroprotective and mitochondria enhancing effects of baicalin in human-neuronal like cells. Given the increased prominence of mitochondrial mechanisms in diverse neuropsychiatric disorders and the paucity of mitochondrial therapeutics, this suggests the potential therapeutic application of baicalin in human neuropsychiatric disorders where these processes are altered."
8177,brain tumour,38503772,SV2B/miR-34a/miR-128 axis as prognostic biomarker in glioblastoma multiforme.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a heterogenous primary brain tumour that is characterised with unfavourable patient prognosis. The identification of biomarkers for managing brain malignancies is of utmost importance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs implicated in cancer development. This study aimed to assess the prognostic significance of miRNAs and their gene targets in GBM. An in silico approach was employed to investigate the differentially expressed miRNAs in GBM. The most dysregulated miRNAs were identified and analysed via Sfold in association with their gene target. The candidate gene was studied via multi-omics approaches, followed by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The in silico analyses revealed that miR-128a and miR-34a were significantly downregulated within GBM. Both miRNAs displayed high binding affinity to the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2B (SV2B) 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). SV2B exhibited upregulation within brain regions with high synaptic activity. Significantly higher SV2B levels were observed in high grade brain malignancies in comparison to their normal counterparts. SV2B expression was observed across the cytoplasm of GBM cells. Our findings underscored the downregulated expression patterns of miR-128a and miR-34a, alongside the upregulation of SV2B in GBM suggesting the importance of the SV2B/miR-34a/miR-128 axis as a potential prognostic approach in GBM management."
8178,brain tumour,38503417,Adjuvant Wilms' tumour 1-specific dendritic cell immunotherapy complementing conventional therapy for paediatric patients with high-grade glioma and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: protocol of a monocentric phase I/II clinical trial in Belgium.,"Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and paediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) are aggressive glial tumours, for which conventional treatment modalities fall short. Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy is being investigated as a promising and safe adjuvant therapy. The Wilms' tumour protein (WT1) is a potent target for this type of antigen-specific immunotherapy and is overexpressed in DIPG and pHGG. Based on this, we designed a non-randomised phase I/II trial, assessing the feasibility and safety of "
8179,brain tumour,38503142,"Targeted dual degradation of HER2 and EGFR obliterates oncogenic signaling, overcomes therapy resistance, and inhibits metastatic lesions in HER2-positive breast cancer models.","Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase amplified in approximately 20% of breast cancer (BC). HER2-targeted therapies are the linchpin of treating HER2-positive BC. However, drug resistance is common, and the main resistance mechanism is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that drug resistance results mainly from inadequate or lack of inhibition of HER2 and its family member epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)."
8180,brain tumour,38503086,Sparse Dynamic Volume TransUNet with multi-level edge fusion for brain tumor segmentation.,"3D MRI Brain Tumor Segmentation is of great significance in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Accurate segmentation results are critical for localization and spatial distribution of brain tumors using 3D MRI. However, most existing methods mainly focus on extracting global semantic features from the spatial and depth dimensions of a 3D volume, while ignoring voxel information, inter-layer connections, and detailed features. A 3D brain tumor segmentation network SDV-TUNet (Sparse Dynamic Volume TransUNet) based on an encoder-decoder architecture is proposed to achieve accurate segmentation by effectively combining voxel information, inter-layer feature connections, and intra-axis information. Volumetric data is fed into a 3D network consisting of extended depth modeling for dense prediction by using two modules: sparse dynamic (SD) encoder-decoder module and multi-level edge feature fusion (MEFF) module. The SD encoder-decoder module is utilized to extract global spatial semantic features for brain tumor segmentation, which employs multi-head self-attention and sparse dynamic adaptive fusion in a 3D extended shifted window strategy. In the encoding stage, dynamic perception of regional connections and multi-axis information interactions are realized through local tight correlations and long-range sparse correlations. The MEFF module achieves the fusion of multi-level local edge information in a layer-by-layer incremental manner and connects the fusion to the decoder module through skip connections to enhance the propagation ability of spatial edge information. The proposed method is applied to the BraTS2020 and BraTS2021 benchmarks, and the experimental results show its superior performance compared with state-of-the-art brain tumor segmentation methods. The source codes of the proposed method are available at https://github.com/SunMengw/SDV-TUNet."
8181,brain tumour,38503041,Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinomas With Defective Mismatch Repair: Current Knowledge and Clinical Management.,"Esophageal, gastroesophageal junction, and gastric adenocarcinomas, referred to collectively as gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas (GEAs), are a major cause of global cancer-related mortality. Our increasing molecular understanding has led to the addition of biomarker-directed approaches to defined subgroups and has improved survival in selected patients, such as those with HER2 and Claudin18.2 overexpression. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of cancer, including GEA, but biomarkers beyond PD-L1 expression are lacking. Mismatch repair deficiency and/or high microsatellite instability (dMMR/MSI-H) is observed in 8% to 22% of nonmetastatic GEA, and 3% to 5% of patients with metastatic disease. dMMR/MSI-H tumors are associated with more favorable prognosis and significant benefit from ICIs, although some heterogeneity exists. The activity of ICIs in advanced dMMR/MSI-H cancer is seen across lines of therapy and should be recommended in the frontline setting. In patients with nonmetastatic dMMR/MSI-H cancer, increasing evidence suggests that perioperative and adjuvant chemotherapy may not provide benefit to the dMMR/MSI-H subgroup. The activity of perioperative chemotherapy-free immune checkpoint regimens in patients with nonmetastatic dMMR/MSI-H cancer is highly promising and underscores the need to identify this unique subgroup. We recommend MMR/MSI testing for all patients with GEA at diagnosis, and review the key rationale and clinical management implications for patient with dMMR/MSI-H tumors across disease stages."
8182,brain tumour,38502789,"A Comprehensive Study of Meningioma Biomineralization: Morphological, Crystallographic, and Immunohistochemical Aspects.","Biomineralization of brain tissues occurs both in normal and pathological conditions. Dura mater biomineralization is widespread and occurs in 1-72% of cases, depending on the patient's age and research method. The amount of biomineral deposits under the conditions of tumor growth in the meninges only increases, reaching 100% in the case of psammomatous meningiomas. Since calcifications are often found in the meninges, the problem of differential diagnosis with calcified meningiomas arises. A total of 30 samples of meningiomas with signs of biomineralization-dense structure, characteristic crunch, psammoma bodies (group I) and 30 samples of meningiomas without any signs of biomineralization were examined as controls (group II). To detect pathological biomineralization, the meningioma tissue was studied using the methods of macroscopic description, histology, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry, scanning electron microscopy with microanalysis, and transmission electron microscopy. A significantly higher level of caspase3 and features of the expression of osteoblastic markers (a lower level of OPG expression and a higher level of the presence of RANKL in group I, the absence of fluctuations in the expression of SPARC) may indicate a dystrophic type of development of biomineral deposits in meningiomas."
8183,brain tumour,38502281,Health-related quality of life and neurocognitive functioning in patients with recurrent glioblastoma treated with intracerebral immune checkpoint inhibition.,"After glioblastoma (GB) recurrence, prognosis is very cumbersome. Therefore, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and neurocognitive functioning (NCF) have become important endpoints in clinical trials when evaluating novel treatments. We aimed to evaluate the HRQoL and NCF in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (rGB) treated with a combination of surgical intervention (reoperation or biopsy) and intracerebral immune checkpoint inhibition."
8184,brain tumour,38502231,STING activation reprograms the microenvironment to sensitize NF1-related malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors for immunotherapy.,"Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene that encodes neurofibromin, a RAS GTPase-activating protein. Inactivating NF1 mutations cause hyperactivation of RAS-mediated signaling, resulting in the development of multiple neoplasms, including malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). MPNSTs are an aggressive tumor and the main cause of mortality in patients with NF1. MPNSTs are difficult to resect and refractory to chemo- and radiotherapy, and no molecular therapies currently exist. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is an approach to treat inoperable, undruggable cancers like MPNST, but successful outcomes require an immune cell-rich tumor microenvironment. While MPNSTs are noninflamed ""cold"" tumors, here, we converted MPNSTs into T cell-inflamed ""hot"" tumors by activating stimulator of IFN genes (STING) signaling. Mouse genetic and human xenograft MPNST models treated with a STING agonist plus ICB exhibited growth delay via increased apoptotic cell death. This strategy offers a potential treatment regimen for MPNSTs."
8185,brain tumour,38502186,Prolonged exposure to lung-derived cytokines is associated with activation of microglia in patients with COVID-19.,"BACKGROUNDSurvivors of pneumonia, including SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, are at increased risk for cognitive dysfunction and dementia. In rodent models, cognitive dysfunction following pneumonia has been linked to the systemic release of lung-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines. Microglia are poised to respond to inflammatory signals from the circulation, and their dysfunction has been linked to cognitive impairment in murine models of dementia and in humans.METHODSWe measured levels of 55 cytokines and chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma from 341 patients with respiratory failure and 13 healthy controls, including 93 unvaccinated patients with COVID-19 and 203 patients with other causes of pneumonia. We used flow cytometry to sort neuroimmune cells from postmortem brain tissue from 5 patients who died from COVID-19 and 3 patients who died from other causes for single-cell RNA-sequencing.RESULTSMicroglia from patients with COVID-19 exhibited a transcriptomic signature suggestive of their activation by circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. Peak levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were similar in patients with pneumonia irrespective of etiology, but cumulative cytokine exposure was higher in patients with COVID-19. Treatment with corticosteroids reduced expression of COVID-19-specific cytokines.CONCLUSIONProlonged lung inflammation results in sustained elevations in circulating cytokines in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia compared with those with pneumonia secondary to other pathogens. Microglia from patients with COVID-19 exhibit transcriptional responses to inflammatory cytokines. These findings support data from rodent models causally linking systemic inflammation with cognitive dysfunction in pneumonia and support further investigation into the role of microglia in pneumonia-related cognitive dysfunction.FUNDINGSCRIPT U19AI135964, UL1TR001422, P01AG049665, P01HL154998, R01HL149883, R01LM013337, R01HL153122, R01HL147290, R01HL147575, R01HL158139, R01ES034350, R01ES027574, I01CX001777, U01TR003528, R21AG075423, T32AG020506, F31AG071225, T32HL076139."
8186,brain tumour,38502052,Marizomib for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: A randomized phase 3 trial.,"Standard treatment for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma includes surgery, radiotherapy (RT), and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy (TMZ/RT→TMZ). The proteasome has long been considered a promising therapeutic target because of its role as a central biological hub in tumor cells. Marizomib is a novel pan-proteasome inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier."
8187,brain tumour,38501995,Diagnostic yield of postmortem brain examination following premortem brain biopsy for neoplastic and nonneoplastic disease.,"Medical autopsies have decreased in frequency due in part to advances in radiological techniques and increased availability of molecular and other ancillary testing. However, premortem diagnosis of CNS disease remains challenging; while ∼90% of brain tumor biopsies are diagnostic, only 20%-70% of biopsies for presumed nonneoplastic disease result in a specific diagnosis. The added benefits of performing an autopsy following surgical brain biopsy are not well defined. A retrospective analysis was performed of patients who underwent brain biopsy and autopsy at Brigham and Women's Hospital from 2003 to 2022. A total of 135 cases were identified, including 95 (70%) patients with primary CNS neoplasms, 16 (12%) with metastatic tumors, and 24 (18%) with nonneoplastic neurological disease. Diagnostic concordance between biopsy and autopsy diagnosis was excellent both for primary CNS neoplasms (98%) and metastatic tumors (94%). Conversely, patients with nonneoplastic disease received definitive premortem diagnoses in 7/24 (29%) cases. Five (21%) additional patients received conclusive diagnoses following autopsy; 8 (33%) received a more specific differential diagnosis compared to the biopsy. Overall, autopsy confirmed premortem diagnoses or provided new diagnostic information in 131/135 (97%) cases, highlighting the value in performing postmortem brain examination in patients with both neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases."
8188,brain tumour,38501824,Noninvasive Autopsy-Validated Tumor Probability Maps Identify Glioma Invasion Beyond Contrast Enhancement.,This study identified a clinically significant subset of patients with glioma with tumor outside of contrast enhancement present at autopsy and subsequently developed a method for detecting nonenhancing tumor using radio-pathomic mapping. We tested the hypothesis that autopsy-based radio-pathomic tumor probability maps would be able to noninvasively identify areas of infiltrative tumor beyond traditional imaging signatures.
8189,brain tumour,38501767,Resveratrol prevents cognitive deficits induced by sleep deprivation via modulating sirtuin 1 associated pathways in the hippocampus.,"Accumulating evidence confirms that sleep insufficiency is a high risk factor for cognitive impairment, which involves inflammation and synaptic dysfunction. Resveratrol, an agonist of the Sirt1, has demonstrated anti-inflammation and neuroprotective effects in models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. However, the beneficial effects of resveratrol on sleep deprivation-induced cognitive deficits and its underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, thirty-two male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into a Control+DMSO group, Control+Resveratrol group, SD+DMSO group, and SD+Resveratrol group. The mice in the SD+Resveratrol group underwent 5 days of sleep deprivation after pretreatment with resveratrol (50 mg/kg) for 2 weeks, while the mice in the SD+DMSO group only underwent sleep deprivation. After sleep deprivation, we evaluated spatial learning and memory function using the Morris water maze test. We used general molecular biology techniques to detect changes in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and Sirt1/miR-134 pathway-related synaptic plasticity proteins. We found that resveratrol significantly reversed sleep deprivation-induced learning and memory impairment, elevated interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels, and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tyrosine kinase receptor B, postsynaptic density protein-95, and synaptophysin levels by activating the Sirt1/miR-134 pathway. In conclusion, resveratrol is a promising agent for preventing sleep deprivation-induced cognitive dysfunction by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and improving synaptic function via the Sirt1/miR-134 pathway."
8190,brain tumour,38501559,Exploring the neurological features of individuals with germline PTEN variants: A multicenter study.,"PTEN, a known tumor suppressor gene, is a mediator of neurodevelopment. Individuals with germline pathogenic variants in the PTEN gene, molecularly defined as PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), experience a variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric challenges during childhood, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the frequency and nature of seizures and the utilization of allied health services have not been described."
8191,brain tumour,38501540,2D Catalytic Nanozyme Enables Cascade Enzyodynamic Effect-Boosted and Ca,"The introduction of glucose oxidase, exhibiting characteristics of glucose consumption and H"
8192,brain tumour,38501312,External stimuli-triggered photodynamic and sonodynamic therapies in combination with hybrid nanomicelles of ICG@PEP@HA: laser ,"The concept of combining external medical stimuli with internal functional biomaterials to achieve cancer-oriented treatments is being emergingly developed. Optical and acoustical activations have shown particular promise as non-invasive regulation modalities in cancer treatment and intervention. It is always challenging to leverage the contributions of optical and acoustical stimuli and find appropriate biomaterials to optimally match them. Herein, a type of hybrid nanomicelle (ICG@PEP@HA) containing ICG as a photo/sonosensitizer, an amphiphilic peptide for membrane penetration and hyaluronic acid for cluster determinant 44 (CD44) targeting was fabricated. Triggered by the external stimuli of laser and US irradiation, their photo/sonothermal performance, "
8193,brain tumour,38501000,"Comprehensive analysis of ADGRE5 gene in human tumors: Clinical relevance, prognostic implications, and potential for personalized immunotherapy.","The Adhesion G protein receptor E5 (ADGRE5) gene is involved in a wide range of biological functions in human tumors; however, its specific molecular mechanism and significance in the analysis of human tumors have not yet been determined. Here, we provide a comprehensive genomic architecture of ADGRE5 in the tumor immune microenvironment and its clinical relevance across a broad range of solid tumors."
8194,brain tumour,38500982,QSOX2 Upregulated in triple-negative breast cancer exacerbates patient prognosis by stabilizing integrin β1.,"Breast cancer (BC) remains a significant global health threat, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) standing out as a particularly aggressive subtype lacking targeted therapies. Addressing this gap, we propose Quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 2 (QSOX2) as a potential therapeutic target, a disulfide bond-forming enzyme implicated in cancer progression. Using publicly available datasets, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of QSOX2 expression in BC tumor and non-tumor tissues, assessing its specificity across different molecular subtypes. We further explored correlations between QSOX2 expression and patient outcomes, utilizing datasets like TCGA and METABRIC. In addition, we performed in vitro experiments to evaluate QSOX2 expression in BC cell lines and investigate the effects of QSOX2 knockdown on various TNBC cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis resistance, migration, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our results reveal significantly elevated QSOX2 expression in BC tumor tissues, particularly in TNBC, and establish an association between high QSOX2 expression and increased patient mortality, cancer progression, and recurrence across various BC subtypes. Notably, QSOX2 knockdown in TNBC cell lines reduces cell proliferation, enhances apoptosis, and suppresses migration, potentially mediated through its influence on the EMT process. Furthermore, we identify a significant link between QSOX2 and integrin β1 (ITGB1), suggesting that QSOX2 enhances ITGB1 stability, subsequently exacerbating the malignancy of TNBC. In conclusion, elevated QSOX2 expression emerges as a key factor associated with adverse patient outcomes in BC, particularly in TNBC, contributing to disease progression through various mechanisms, including the modulation of ITGB1 stability. Our findings underscore the potential of targeting QSOX2 as a therapeutic strategy for improving patient prognoses not only in TNBC but also in other BC subtypes."
8195,brain tumour,38500320,Moxibustion preconditioning reduces inflammatory response in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating PI3K / AKT / mTOR signaling pathway.,"To observe the effect of moxibustion preconditioning on inflammatory response in rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI), so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improving CIRI."
8196,brain tumour,38500219,Dietary patterns in relation to glioma: a case-control study.,"Although the association of individual foods and nutrients with glioma have been investigated, studies on the association of major dietary patterns and glioma are scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the association between major dietary patterns and risk of glioma in a group of Iranian adults. In this hospital-based case-control design, we recruited 128 newly diagnosed glioma cases and 256 controls in Tehran from 2009 to 2011. A Willett-format-validated 126-item semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess participants' dietary intake. Factor analysis was used to identify major dietary patterns. We identified 3 major dietary patterns using factor analysis: high protein, vegetarian and western dietary pattern. After several adjustments for potential confounders, adherence to the high protein dietary pattern was inversely associated with risk of glioma (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.95). Consumption of vegetarian dietary pattern was also associated with a reduced risk of glioma (OR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.34). Greater adherence to the western dietary pattern was associated with a greater chance of glioma (OR: 3.30; 95% CI: 1.52, 7.17). We found that high protein, vegetarian and western dietary pattern were significantly associated with glioma risk. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings."
8197,brain tumour,38500181,Molecular and clinicopathologic characteristics of CNS embryonal tumors with BRD4::LEUTX fusion.,"Central nervous system (CNS) embryonal tumors are a heterogeneous group of high-grade malignancies, and the increasing clinical use of methylation profiling and next-generation sequencing has led to the identification of molecularly distinct subtypes. One proposed tumor type, CNS tumor with BRD4::LEUTX fusion, has been described. As only a few CNS tumors with BRD4::LEUTX fusions have been described, we herein characterize a cohort of 9 such cases (4 new, 5 previously published) to further describe their clinicopathologic and molecular features. We demonstrate that CNS embryonal tumor with BRD4::LEUTX fusion comprises a well-defined methylation class/cluster. We find that patients are young (4 years or younger), with large tumors at variable locations, and frequently with evidence of leptomeningeal/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dissemination. Histologically, tumors were highly cellular with high-grade embryonal features. Immunohistochemically, 5/5 cases showed synaptophysin and 4/5 showed OLIG2 expression, thus overlapping with CNS neuroblastoma, FOXR2-activated. DNA copy number profiles were generally flat; however, two tumors had chromosome 1q gains. No recurring genomic changes, besides the presence of the fusion, were found. The LEUTX portion of the fusion transcript was constant in all cases assessed, while the BRD4 portion varied but included a domain with proto-oncogenic activity in all cases. Two patients with clinical follow up available had tumors with excellent response to chemotherapy. Two of our patients were alive without evidence of recurrence or progression after gross total resection and chemotherapy at 16 and 33 months. One patient relapsed, and the last of our four patients died of disease one month after diagnosis. Overall, this case series provides additional evidence for this as a distinct tumor type defined by the presence of a specific fusion as well as a distinct DNA methylation signature. Studies on larger series are required to further characterize these tumors."
8198,brain tumour,38500108,Modulation of hippocampal protein expression by a brain penetrant biologic TNF-α inhibitor in the 3xTg Alzheimer's disease mice.,"Biologic TNF-α inhibitors (bTNFIs) can block cerebral TNF-α in Alzheimer's disease (AD) if these macromolecules can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Thus, a model bTNFI, the extracellular domain of type II TNF-α receptor (TNFR), which can bind to and sequester TNF-α, was fused with a mouse transferrin receptor antibody (TfRMAb) to enable brain delivery via BBB TfR-mediated transcytosis. Previously, we found TfRMAb-TNFR to be protective in a mouse model of amyloidosis (APP/PS1) and tauopathy (PS19), and herein we investigated its effects in mice that combine both amyloidosis and tauopathy (3xTg-AD)."
8199,brain tumour,38500092,Protective effect of Tao Hong Si Wu Decoction against inflammatory injury caused by intestinal flora disorders in an ischemic stroke mouse model.,"Recent studies have shown that intestinal flora are involved in the pathological process of ischemic stroke (IS). The potential protective effect of the traditional Chinese prescription, Tao Hong Si Wu Decoction (THSWD), against inflammatory injury after IS and its underlying mechanisms of action were investigated in the current study."
8200,brain tumour,38500033,Positive effects of low-dose S-ketamine on preventing myocardial injury after thoracoscopic lobectomy in patients aged 70 to 85.,"To investigate the effects of low-dose S-ketamine on marker of myocardial injury (BNP, hs-cTnT and HFABP) after thoracoscopic lobectomy in patients aged 70 to 85."
8201,brain tumour,38499816,"Prolactin-secreting tumors, dopamine agonists and pregnancy: a longitudinal experience of a tertiary neuroendocrine center.","Prolactin (PRL)-secreting tumours are associated with infertility and can be reverted by dopamine agonist (DA) therapy. The suspension of DA is recommended once pregnancy is established, as all DAs cross the placenta. The aim of the study was to evaluate the rate of maternal-foetal complications in women treated with cabergoline (CAB) or bromocriptine (BRM) for prolactinoma during gestation and the effect of pregnancy on prolactinoma progression."
8202,brain tumour,38499808,SorLA restricts TNFα release from microglia to shape a glioma-supportive brain microenvironment.,"SorLA, encoded by the gene SORL1, is an intracellular sorting receptor of the VPS10P domain receptor gene family. Although SorLA is best recognized for its ability to shuttle target proteins between intracellular compartments in neurons, recent data suggest that also its microglial expression can be of high relevance for the pathogenesis of brain diseases, including glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we interrogated the impact of SorLA on the functional properties of glioma-associated microglia and macrophages (GAMs). In the GBM microenvironment, GAMs are re-programmed and lose the ability to elicit anti-tumor responses. Instead, they acquire a glioma-supporting phenotype, which is a key mechanism promoting glioma progression. Our re-analysis of published scRNA-seq data from GBM patients revealed that functional phenotypes of GAMs are linked to the level of SORL1 expression, which was further confirmed using in vitro models. Moreover, we demonstrate that SorLA restrains secretion of TNFα from microglia to restrict the inflammatory potential of these cells. Finally, we show that loss of SorLA exacerbates the pro-inflammatory response of microglia in the murine model of glioma and suppresses tumor growth."
8203,brain tumour,38499720,Dnmt3a1 regulates hippocampus-dependent memory via the downstream target Nrp1.,"Epigenetic factors are well-established players in memory formation. Specifically, DNA methylation is necessary for the formation of long-term memory in multiple brain regions including the hippocampus. Despite the demonstrated role of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) in memory formation, it is unclear whether individual Dnmts have unique or redundant functions in long-term memory formation. Furthermore, the downstream processes controlled by Dnmts during memory consolidation have not been investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that Dnmt3a1, the predominant Dnmt in the adult brain, is required for long-term spatial object recognition and contextual fear memory. Using RNA sequencing, we identified an activity-regulated Dnmt3a1-dependent genomic program in which several genes were associated with functional and structural plasticity. Furthermore, we found that some of the identified genes are selectively dependent on Dnmt3a1, but not its isoform Dnmt3a2. Specifically, we identified Neuropilin 1 (Nrp1) as a downstream target of Dnmt3a1 and further demonstrated the involvement of Nrp1 in hippocampus-dependent memory formation. Importantly, we found that Dnmt3a1 regulates hippocampus-dependent memory via Nrp1. In contrast, Nrp1 overexpression did not rescue memory impairments triggered by reduced Dnmt3a2 levels. Taken together, our study uncovered a Dnmt3a-isoform-specific mechanism in memory formation, identified a novel regulator of memory, and further highlighted the complex and highly regulated functions of distinct epigenetic regulators in brain function."
8204,brain tumour,38499440,Blood-Brain Barrier Penetrating Nanovehicles for Interfering with Mitochondrial Electron Flow in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal form of human brain tumors. Dismantling the suppressed immune microenvironment is an effective therapeutic strategy against GBM; however, GBM does not respond to exogenous immunotherapeutic agents due to low immunogenicity. Manipulating the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) elevates the immunogenicity of GBM, rendering previously immune-evasive tumors highly susceptible to immune surveillance, thereby enhancing tumor immune responsiveness and subsequently activating both innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we report a nanomedicine-based immunotherapeutic approach that targets the mitochondria in GBM cells by utilizing a Trojan-inspired nanovector (ABBPN) that can cross the blood-brain barrier. We propose that the synthetic photosensitizer IrPS can alter mitochondrial electron flow and concurrently interfere with mitochondrial antioxidative mechanisms by delivering si-OGG1 to GBM cells. Our synthesized ABBPN coloaded with IrPS and si-OGG1 (ISA) disrupts mitochondrial electron flow, which inhibits ATP production and induces mitochondrial DNA oxidation, thereby recruiting immune cells and endogenously activating intracranial antitumor immune responses. The results of our study indicate that strategies targeting the mitochondrial ETC have the potential to treat tumors with limited immunogenicity."
8205,brain tumour,38499392,Predicting the prognosis of glioma patients with TERT promoter mutations and guiding the specific immune profile of immune checkpoint blockade therapy.,"The telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (TERTp) is frequently mutated in gliomas. This study sought to identify immune biomarkers of gliomas with TERTp mutations. Data from TCGA were used to identify and validate survival-associated gene signatures, and immune and stromal scores were calculated using the ESTIMATE algorithm. High stromal or immune scores in patients with TERTp-mutant gliomas correlated with shorter overall survival compared to cases with low stromal or immune scores. Among TERTp-mutant gliomas with both high immune and high stromal scores, 213 commonly shared DEGs were identified. Among 71 interacting DEGs representing candidate hub genes in a PPI network, HOXC6, WT1, CD70, and OTP showed significant ability in establishing subgroups of high- and low-risk patients. A risk model based on these 4 genes showed strong prognostic potential for gliomas with mutated TERTp, but was inapplicable for TERTp-wild-type gliomas. TERTp-mutant gliomas with high-risk scores displayed a greater percentage of naïve B cells, plasma cells, naïve CD4 T cells, and activated mast cells than low-risk score gliomas. TIDE analysis indicated that immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy may benefit glioma patients with TERTp mutations. The present risk model can help predict prognosis of glioma patients with TERTp mutations and aid ICB treatment options."
8206,brain tumour,38499326,Aberrant DNA methylation distorts developmental trajectories in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors.,"Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs) are pediatric brain tumors known for their aggressiveness and aberrant but still unresolved epigenetic regulation. To better understand their malignancy, we investigated how AT/RT-specific DNA hypermethylation was associated with gene expression and altered transcription factor binding and how it is linked to upstream regulation. Medulloblastomas, choroid plexus tumors, pluripotent stem cells, and fetal brain were used as references. A part of the genomic regions, which were hypermethylated in AT/RTs similarly as in pluripotent stem cells and demethylated in the fetal brain, were targeted by neural transcriptional regulators. AT/RT-unique DNA hypermethylation was associated with polycomb repressive complex 2 and linked to suppressed genes with a role in neural development and tumorigenesis. Activity of the several NEUROG/NEUROD pioneer factors, which are unable to bind to methylated DNA, was compromised via the suppressed expression or DNA hypermethylation of their target sites, which was also experimentally validated for NEUROD1 in medulloblastomas and AT/RT samples. These results highlight and characterize the role of DNA hypermethylation in AT/RT malignancy and halted neural cell differentiation."
8207,brain tumour,38498926,Improved Prediction of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Status by Combined Radiomics of Primary Nonsmall-Cell Lung Cancer and Distant Metastasis.,This study aimed to investigate radiomics based on primary nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and distant metastases to predict epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status.
8208,brain tumour,38498766,X-ray Activated Nanoprodrug for Visualization of Cortical Microvascular Alterations and NIR-II Image-Guided Chemo-Radiotherapy of Glioblastoma.,"The permeability of the highly selective blood-brain barrier (BBB) to anticancer drugs and the difficulties in defining deep tumor boundaries often reduce the effectiveness of glioma treatment. Thus, exploring the combination of multiple treatment modalities under the guidance of second-generation near-infrared (NIR-II) window fluorescence (FL) imaging is considered a strategic approach in glioma theranostics. Herein, a hybrid X-ray-activated nanoprodrug was developed to precisely visualize the structural features of glioma microvasculature and delineate the boundary of glioma for synergistic chemo-radiotherapy. The nanoprodrug comprised down-converted nanoparticle (DCNP) coated with X-ray sensitive poly(Se-Se/DOX-"
8209,brain tumour,38498750,A Novel Local Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia Based on High Gradient Field Guided by Magnetic Particle Imaging.,"Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI)-guided Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia (MFH) has the potential for widespread utilization, as it allows for the prediction of magnetothermal dosage, real-time visualization of the thermal therapy process, and precise localization of the lesion area. However, the existing MPI-guided MFH (MPI-MFH) method is insensitive to concentration gradients of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and is susceptible to causing damage to normal tissues with high MNP concentrations during MFH treatment, while inadequately heating tumor tissues with lower MNP concentrations. In this work, we established a relationship between MNP concentration and heating efficiency through simulations and phantom measurements, enabling the optimal selection of MFH parameters guided by MPI. Based on these findings, we developed a high-gradient field MPI-MFH method using a field-free point (FFP) approach to achieve precise local heating. Phantom experiments and in vivo glioma model experiments were conducted to validate this proposed method. The results demonstrated that the proposed method of MPI-MFH can improve the MNP concentration gradient sensitivity to ±1 mg/ml, thereby enabling more effective lesion-site heating without damaging normal tissues. This method not only reduced glioma size effectively but also holds promise for application in various other types of cancers."
8210,brain tumour,38498623,Preoperative 11 C-Methionine PET-MRI in Pediatric Infratentorial Tumors.,"MRI is the main imaging modality for pediatric brain tumors, but amino acid PET can provide additional information. Simultaneous PET-MRI acquisition allows to fully assess the tumor and lower the radiation exposure. Although symptomatic posterior fossa tumors are typically resected, the patient management is evolving and will benefit from an improved preoperative tumor characterization. We aimed to explore, in children with newly diagnosed posterior fossa tumor, the complementarity of the information provided by amino acid PET and MRI parameters and the correlation to histopathological results."
8211,brain tumour,38498406,Combined simultaneous transsphenoidal and transcranial regimen improves surgical outcomes in complex giant pituitary adenomas: a longitudinal retrospective cohort study.,"Surgical treatment of complex giant pituitary adenomas (GPAs) presents significant challenges. The efficacy and safety of combining transsphenoidal and transcranial approaches for these tumors remain controversial. In this largest cohort of patients with complex GPAs, we compared the surgical outcomes between those undergoing a combined regimen and a non-combined regimen. We also examined the differences in risks of complications, costs, and logistics between the two groups, which might offer valuable information for the appropriate management of these patients."
8212,brain tumour,38498249,Novel CAR-T cells targeting TRKB for the treatment of solid cancer.,"Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is highly effective for treating blood cancers such as B-cell malignancies, however, its effectiveness as an approach to treat solid tumors remains to be further explored. Here, we focused on the development of CAR-T cell therapies targeting tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TRKB), a highly expressed protein that is significantly associated with tumor progression, malignancy, and drug resistance in multiple forms of aggressive solid tumors. To achieve this, we screened brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin 4 (NTF4) ligand-based CAR-T cells for their efficiency in targeting the TRKB receptor in the context of solid tumors, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer. We demonstrated that TRKB is overexpressed not only in hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines but also in cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). Notably, BDNF-CAR T and NTF4-CAR T cells could not only effectively target and kill TRKB-expressing pan-cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner but also effectively kill CSCs. We also performed in vivo studies to show that NTF4-CAR T cells have a better potential to inhibit the tumor growth of hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts in mice, compared with BDNF-CAR T cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that CAR-T targeting TRKB may be a promising approach for developing novel therapies to treat solid cancers."
8213,brain tumour,38498171,Duraplasty with autologous cervical fascia in pediatric posterior fossa tumor surgery: a single-center experience with 214 cases.,"Posterior fossa surgeries for pediatric tumors pose challenges in achieving optimal dural repair and duraplasty is usually required. Autografts, allografts, xenografts, and synthetic substitutes can be used for duraplasty. Autologous cervical fascia can be a safe and reliable graft option for duraplasty after posterior fossa surgeries. This study aims to investigate the outcomes of duraplasty with autologous cervical fascial graft in children after posterior fossa surgery for pediatric brain tumors."
8214,brain tumour,38498101,TGFβ signalling pathway impacts brain metastases profiles in locally advanced colorectal cancer.,"Colorectal Cancer (CRC) represents the third most common type of cancer in Germany and the second most common cancer-related cause of death worldwide. Distant metastases are still the main limit for patient survival. While liver metastases as well as peritoneal carcinomatosis can often either be resected or treated with systemic therapy, little options remain for brain metastases. Additionally, a number of studies has already investigated hepatic, peritoneal, pulmonary as well as continuing distant metastases in colorectal cancer. Yet, with respect to tumor biology and brain metastases, little is known so far."
8215,brain tumour,38498080,RGD-coated polymeric microbubbles promote ultrasound-mediated drug delivery in an inflamed endothelium-pericyte co-culture model of the blood-brain barrier.,"Drug delivery to central nervous pathologies is compromised by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A clinically explored strategy to promote drug delivery across the BBB is sonopermeation, which relies on the combined use of ultrasound (US) and microbubbles (MB) to induce temporally and spatially controlled opening of the BBB. We developed an advanced in vitro BBB model to study the impact of sonopermeation on the delivery of the prototypic polymeric drug carrier pHPMA as a larger molecule and the small molecule antiviral drug ribavirin. This was done under standard and under inflammatory conditions, employing both untargeted and RGD peptide-coated MB. The BBB model is based on human cerebral capillary endothelial cells and human placental pericytes, which are co-cultivated in transwell inserts and which present with proper transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Sonopermeation induced a significant decrease in TEER values and facilitated the trans-BBB delivery of fluorescently labeled pHPMA (Atto488-pHPMA). To study drug delivery under inflamed endothelial conditions, which are typical for e.g. tumors, neurodegenerative diseases and CNS infections, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was employed to induce inflammation in the BBB model. RGD-coated MB bound to and permeabilized the inflamed endothelium-pericyte co-culture model, and potently improved Atto488-pHPMA and ribavirin delivery. Taken together, our work combines in vitro BBB bioengineering with MB-mediated drug delivery enhancement, thereby providing a framework for future studies on optimization of US-mediated drug delivery to the brain."
8216,brain tumour,38497863,Effect of Esketamine on perioperative anxiety and depression in women with systemic tumors based on big data medical background.,"Perioperative anxiety and depression syndrome (PADS) is a common clinical concern among women with systemic tumors. Esketamine has been considered for its potential to alleviate anxiety and depressive symptoms. However, its specific application and effectiveness in PADS among women with systemic tumors remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze the utility of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in evaluating perioperative anxiety and depression in women with systemic tumors treated with Esketamine, utilizing a large-scale medical data background."
8217,brain tumour,38497674,New horizons in dermatological education: Skin cancer screening with virtual reality.,"Technological advances in the field of virtual reality (VR) offer new opportunities in many areas of life, including medical education. The University of Münster has been using VR scenarios in the education of medical students for several years, especially for situations that are difficult to reproduce in reality (e.g., brain death). Due to the consistently positive feedback from students, a dermatological VR scenario for skin cancer screening was developed."
8218,brain tumour,38497671,"Depressive Symptoms, Socioeconomic Position, and Mortality in Older People Living With and Beyond Cancer.","Evidence shows that higher depressive symptoms are associated with mortality among people living with and beyond cancer (LWBC). However, prior studies have not accounted for a wider range of potential confounders, and no study has explored whether socioeconomic position (SEP) moderates the association. This study aimed to examine the association between depressive symptoms and mortality among people LWBC, and moderation by SEP."
8219,brain tumour,38497662,Microsurgical Resection of a Medulla Oblongata Cavernoma: 3-Dimensional Operative Video.,No abstract found
8220,brain tumour,38497657,Two-Photon Intravital Microscopy of Glioblastoma in a Murine Model.,"The delivery of intravenously administered cancer therapeutics to brain tumors is limited by the blood-brain barrier. A method to directly image the accumulation and distribution of macromolecules in brain tumors in vivo would greatly enhance our ability to understand and optimize drug delivery in preclinical models. This protocol describes a method for real-time in vivo tracking of intravenously administered fluorescent-labeled nanoparticles with two-photon intravital microscopy (2P-IVM) in a mouse model of glioblastoma (GBM). The protocol contains a multi-step description of the procedure, including anesthesia and analgesia of experimental animals, creating a cranial window, GBM cell implantation, placing a head bar, conducting 2P-IVM studies, and post-surgical care for long-term follow-up studies. We show representative 2P-IVM imaging sessions and image analysis, examine the advantages and disadvantages of this technology, and discuss potential applications. This method can be easily modified and adapted for different research questions in the field of in vivo preclinical brain imaging."
8221,brain tumour,38497601,Biomimetic Tertiary Lymphoid Structures with Microporous Annealed Particle Scaffolds for Cancer Postoperative Therapy.,"Immunotherapy plays a vital role in cancer postoperative treatment. Strategies to increase the variety of immune cells and their sustainable supply are essential to improve the therapeutic effect of immune cell-based immunotherapy. Here, inspired by tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), we present a microfluidic-assisted microporous annealed particle (MAP) scaffold for the persistent recruitment of diverse immune cells for cancer postoperative therapy. Based on the thermochemical responsivity of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), the MAP scaffold was fabricated by physical cross-linking and sequential photo-cross-linking of GelMA droplets, which were prepared by microfluidic electrospraying. Due to the encapsulation of liquid nitrogen-inactivated tumor cells and immunostimulant, the generated MAP scaffold could recruit a large number of immune cells, involving T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, and natural killer cells, thereby forming the biomimetic TLSs "
8222,brain tumour,38497529,Isolation and usage of exosomes in central nervous system diseases.,"Exosomes are vesicles secreted by all types of mammalian cells. They are characterized by a double-layered lipid membrane structure. They serve as carriers for a plethora of signal molecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids. Their unique capability of effortlessly crossing the blood-brain barrier underscores their critical role in the progression of various neurological disorders. This includes, but is not limited to, diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ischemic stroke. Establishing stable and mature methods for isolating exosomes is a prerequisite for the study of exosomes and their biomedical significance. The extraction technologies of exosomes include differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, ultrafiltration, polymer coprecipitation, immunoaffinity capture, microfluidic, and so forth. Each extraction technology has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the extraction standards of exosomes have not been unified internationally."
8223,brain tumour,38497398,Pituitary apoplexy as the first manifestation of non‑functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumour.,Not required for a Clinical Vignette.
8224,brain tumour,38497187,Effect of Resection and Surgical Experience on Survival in Patients with Craniopharyngiomas: Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery in Series of 31 Cases.,To share the surgical outcomes of 31 patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) at a single center.
8225,brain tumour,38496914,Long-term neurocognitive and psychological outcomes in meningioma survivors: Individual changes over time and radiation dosimetry.,This study investigates long-term changes in neurocognitive performance and psychological symptoms in meningioma survivors and associations with radiation dose to circumscribed brain regions.
8226,brain tumour,38496911,Radiotherapy intensification for atypical and malignant meningiomas: A systematic review.,"The outcomes of nonbenign (WHO Grades 2 and 3 [G2, G3]) meningiomas are suboptimal and radiotherapy (RT) dose intensification strategies have been investigated. The purpose of this review is to report on clinical practice and outcomes with particular attention to RT doses and techniques."
8227,brain tumour,38496910,RT-PCR assay to detect ,One targeted treatment option for isocitrate dehydrogenase (
8228,brain tumour,38496908,"Glioblastoma in the oldest old: Clinical characteristics, therapy, and outcome in patients aged 80 years and older.","Incidence rates of glioblastoma in very old patients are rising. The standard of care for this cohort is only partially defined and survival remains poor. The aims of this study were to reveal current practice of tumor-specific therapy and supportive care, and to identify predictors for survival in this cohort."
8229,brain tumour,38496686,"Intracranial response pattern, tolerability and biomarkers associated with brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer treated by tislelizumab plus chemotherapy.","Programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death protein-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitor and chemotherapy are the standard treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without sensitizing mutations. However, patients with untreated, symptomatic or recently-irradiated brain metastases (BMs) are mostly excluded from immunochemotherapy trials. This study aims to evaluate the intracranial response pattern, tolerability and biomarkers of tislelizumab plus chemotherapy in NSCLC with untreated, symptomatic or recently-irradiated BM."
8230,brain tumour,38496547,"Pan-cancer molecular signatures connecting aspartate transaminase (AST) to cancer prognosis, metabolic and immune signatures.","Serum aspartate transaminase (sAST) level is used routinely in conjunction with other clinical assays to assess liver health and disease. Increasing evidence suggests that sAST is associated with all-cause mortality and has prognostic value in several cancers, including gastrointestinal and urothelial cancers. Here, we undertake a systems approach to unravel molecular connections between AST and cancer prognosis, metabolism, and immune signatures at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels."
8231,brain tumour,38496540,Brain-wide neuronal circuit connectome of human glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), a universally fatal brain cancer, infiltrates the brain and can be synaptically innervated by neurons, which drives tumor progression "
8232,brain tumour,38496434,Integrated electrophysiological and genomic profiles of single cells reveal spiking tumor cells in human glioma.,"Prior studies have described the complex interplay that exists between glioma cells and neurons, however, the electrophysiological properties endogenous to tumor cells remain obscure. To address this, we employed Patch-sequencing on human glioma specimens and found that one third of patched cells in "
8233,brain tumour,38496406,A randomized proof-of-mechanism trial of TNF antagonism for motivational anhedonia and related corticostriatal circuitry in depressed patients with high inflammation.,"Chronic, low-grade inflammation has been associated with motivational deficits in patients with major depression (MD). In turn, impaired motivation has been linked to poor quality of life across psychiatric disorders. We thus determined effects of the anti-inflammatory drug infliximab-a potent tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist-on behavioral and neural measures of motivation in 42 medically stable, unmedicated MD patients with a C-reactive protein > 3mg/L. All patients underwent a double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose, randomized clinical trial with infliximab (5mg/kg) versus placebo. Behavioral performance on an effort-based decision-making task, self-report questionnaires, and neural responses during event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging were assessed at baseline and 2 weeks following infusion. We found that relative to placebo, patients receiving infliximab were more willing to expend effort for rewards. Moreover, increase in effortful choices was associated with reduced TNF signaling as indexed by decreased soluble TNF receptor type 2 (sTNFR2). Changes in effort-based decision-making and sTNFR2 were also associated with changes in task-related activity in a network of brain areas, including dmPFC, ventral striatum, and putamen, as well as the functional connectivity between these regions. Changes in sTNFR2 also mediated the relationships between drug condition and behavioral and neuroimaging measures. Finally, changes in self-reported anhedonia symptoms and effort-discounting behavior were associated with greater responses of an independently validated whole-brain predictive model (aka ""neural signature"") sensitive to monetary rewards. Taken together, these data support the use of anti-inflammatory treatment to improve effort-based decision-making and associated brain circuitry in depressed patients with high inflammation."
8234,brain tumour,38496223,A Case of Isolated Central Nervous System Rosai-Dorfman Disease.,"Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a benign histiocytosis with unknown etiology. It generally occurs in cervical lymph nodes. Isolated central nervous system (CNS) RDD is very rare in the literature. We reported a case of no systemic involvement Rosai-Dorfmann which is rarely seen and shows CNS involvement by mimicking meningioma. A 32-year-old man presented with diplopia and a headache he has been experiencing for the past two years. His neurological examination showed left facial paresthesia, consistent with trigeminal nerve trace. Tendon reflexes were increased at the right side and the right plantar reflex was extensor. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated irregularly shaped, tumor-like lesions in the bilateral cerebellopontin area that were compressing pons. Rosai-Dorfman disease can be differentiated from IgG4 related disease (IgG4-RD) by its characteristic features such as plasma cell density and emperipolesis seen in its histopathology. Rosai-Dorfman disease can be confused with other diseases radiologically and histopathologically, especially the IgG4-RD, so be careful about differential diagnosis."
8235,brain tumour,38496171,Clinical Characteristics and Neuroimaging Correlations in Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Report of Two Cases.,"Autoimmune encephalitis is an infrequent pathological occurrence documented within our local context. When clinical suspicion arises, employing electroencephalogram and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) proves valuable. However, for conclusive diagnosis confirmation, lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is indispensable. Managing this condition involves a combination of immunosuppression and, when necessary, tumor resection. We document the initial cases reported in our city, featuring two young patients without significant pre-existing conditions. Patients initially displayed behavioral alterations progressing to altered consciousness, febrile peaks, and challenging epileptic status, requiring intensive care and mechanical ventilation. The diagnosis was made based on MRI and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (anti-NMDA) antibodies. Treatment involved intravenous (IV) immunoglobulins, plasmapheresis, and corticosteroids. After discharge, both had cognitive sequelae. Autoimmune encephalitis is a pathological condition that still lacks thorough exploration and reporting. It predominantly affects young patients without a history of acute psychiatric symptoms, necessitating consideration when behavioral alterations emerge. The challenges faced by small cities, including a shortage of technical resources, further impede the timely and precise diagnosis of this intricate condition."
8236,brain tumour,38496115,A Rare Case of Duodenal Adenocarcinoma With Brain Metastasis.,"Small bowel malignancies are relatively rare, accounting for only 3% of all gastrointestinal cancers. Duodenum is the most common location among small bowel cancers, followed by Jejunum and then Ileum. Duodenal adenocarcinoma produces vague symptoms, leading to late presentation and a poor prognosis compared to similarly staged colon cancer. It is rare to have brain metastasis in duodenal adenocarcinoma, and not many case reports have been reported. Only approximately 6% of patients with gastrointestinal malignancy have brain metastasis. Here, we present a case of a 64-year-old female patient diagnosed initially with stage IV duodenal adenocarcinoma presenting with duodenal mass, abdominal lymphadenopathy, and liver metastasis. She had excellent systemic control for over two years with systemic chemotherapy, with a close to complete response on follow-up imaging. She presented with a 2 cm left frontal mass biopsy consistent with duodenal adenocarcinoma metastasis. She underwent resection of the left frontal tumor and gamma knife to the resection cavity. She continues to have good systemic control of disease. This case highlights the rare possibility of brain metastasis with duodenal adenocarcinoma, especially in patients who have good systemic control with chemotherapy."
8237,brain tumour,38496073,Physiotherapy Rehabilitation Following Acoustic Neuroma Resection in a Patient With Cerebellopontine Angle Tumour: A Case Report.,"Acoustic neuroma excision in patients with cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumours offers particular rehabilitation problems due to the complicated architecture of the cerebellum and brainstem tissues involved. CPA tumours (acoustic neuromas) are slow-growing tumours that arise from the vestibulocochlear nerve. Surgical excision of these tumours can cause neurological abnormalities that compromise motor coordination, balance, and facial nerve function. The case study emphasises the importance of a comprehensive physiotherapeutic approach in rehabilitating a patient following acoustic neuroma excision, with a focus on particular CPA tumour deficits. The rehabilitation programme focuses on improving functional outcomes through balance, proprioception, and vestibular rehabilitation that is customised to the demands and deficiencies of the patient. Our comprehensive approach seeks to improve patients' quality of life, promote neurological healing, and support easy reintegration into normal activities following CPA tumour surgery."
8238,brain tumour,38496035,Feeder-free differentiation of human iPSCs into natural killer cells with cytotoxic potential against malignant brain rhabdoid tumor cells.,Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic immune cells that can eliminate target cells without prior stimulation. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a robust source of NK cells for safe and effective cell-based immunotherapy against aggressive cancers. In this 
8239,brain tumour,38495835,Prognostic biomarker HIF1α and its correlation with immune infiltration in gliomas.,"Certain glioma subtypes, such as glioblastoma multiforme or low-grade glioma, are common malignant intracranial tumors with high rates of relapse and malignant progression even after standard therapy. The overall survival (OS) is poor in patients with gliomas; hence, effective prognostic prediction is crucial. Herein, the present study aimed to explore the potential role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1α) in gliomas and investigate the association between HIF1α and infiltrating immune cells in gliomas. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were evaluated via RNA sequencing, clinicopathological, immunological checkpoint, immune infiltration and functional enrichment analyses. Validation of protein abundance was performed using paraffin-embedded samples from patients with glioma. A nomogram model was created to forecast the OS rates at 1, 3 and 5 years after cancer diagnosis. The association between OS and HIF1α expression was estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the log-rank test. Finally, HIF1α expression was validated using western blotting, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays. The results demonstrated that HIF1α expression was significantly upregulated in gliomas compared with normal human brain glial cells. Immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated differential expression of the HIF1α protein. Moreover, glioma cell viability and migration were inhibited via HIF1α downregulation. HIF1α impacted DNA replication, cell cycling, DNA repair and the immune microenvironment in glioma. HIF1α expression was also positively associated with several types of immune cells and immunological checkpoints and with neutrophils, plasmacytoid dendritic cells and CD56"
8240,brain tumour,38495563,A Learnable Prior Improves Inverse Tumor Growth Modeling.,"Biophysical modeling, particularly involving partial differential equations (PDEs), offers significant potential for tailoring disease treatment protocols to individual patients. However, the inverse problem-solving aspect of these models presents a substantial challenge, either due to the high computational requirements of model-based approaches or the limited robustness of deep learning (DL) methods. We propose a novel framework that leverages the unique strengths of both approaches in a synergistic manner. Our method incorporates a DL ensemble for initial parameter estimation, facilitating efficient downstream evolutionary sampling initialized with this DL-based prior. We showcase the effectiveness of integrating a rapid deep-learning algorithm with a high-precision evolution strategy in estimating brain tumor cell concentrations from magnetic resonance images. The DL-Prior plays a pivotal role, significantly constraining the effective sampling-parameter space. This reduction results in a fivefold convergence acceleration and a Dice-score of 95%."
8241,brain tumour,38495508,DHEA down-regulates mitochondrial dynamics and promotes apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cells through FASTKD2.,
8242,brain tumour,38495199,Tumor-infiltrating CD8,Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains an incurable primary brain tumor. CD8
8243,brain tumour,38495014,Olfactory groove schwannoma: Common pathology in an uncommon location.,No abstract found
8244,brain tumour,38495012,Intratumoral histological and molecular heterogeneity in an adult diffuse glioma.,"Adult-type diffuse gliomas are the most prevalent type of malignant adult brain tumors. Intratumoral heterogeneity can hinder accurate diagnosis and subsequent treatment. This case report documents a tumor with intratumoral heterogeneity, both histologically and by methylation analysis, located within the left cerebral hemisphere of a 29-year-old female. She presented after a witnessed generalized tonic clonic seizure at home. Two years prior she had a witnessed seizure; however, no brain imaging was done at the time. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), on this admission, showed a mass lesion in the left frontal operculum with poorly identified margins and right-sided midline shift. Sampling from the left temporal lobe showed an IDH-mutant, ATRX-mutant astrocytoma, which appeared grade 4 in the enhancing anterior portion and grade 2 in the left temporal lobe. Methylation analysis confirmed this heterogeneity. In summary, this is an excellent example of tumor heterogeneity both histologically and by molecular analysis. It is probable, given the clinical history of presentation 2 years prior, that this tumor originated as a low-grade glioma and subsequently evolved."
8245,brain tumour,38494939,Design and Development of Hypertuned Deep learning Frameworks for Detection and Severity Grading of Brain Tumor using Medical Brain MR images.,"Brain tumor is a grave illness causing worldwide fatalities. The current detection methods for brain tumors are manual, invasive, and rely on histopathological analysis. Determining the type of brain tumor after its detection relies on biopsy measures and involves human subjectivity. The use of automated CAD techniques for brain tumor detection and classification can overcome these drawbacks."
8246,brain tumour,38494858,Borax induces ferroptosis of glioblastoma by targeting HSPA5/NRF2/GPx4/GSH pathways.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive and lethal form of primary brain tumour. Borax has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-cancer activity through cell death pathways. However, the specific impact of borax on ferroptosis in GBM is not well-established, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Initially, the effective concentration of borax on cell viability and proliferation in U251 and A172 cells was determined. Subsequently, the effects of borax on the wound healing were analysed. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), glutathione (GSH), HSP70 protein 5 (HSPA5), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and caspase-3/7 activity were determined in borax-treated and untreated cells. Finally, the protein expression levels of HSPA5, NRF2 and GPx4 were analysed. Borax suppressed cell viability and proliferation in U251 and A172 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In addition, borax treatment decreased GPx4, GSH, HSPA5 and NRF2 levels in U251 and A172 cells while increasing MDA levels and caspase-3/7 activity. Moreover, borax reduced mRNA and protein levels of HSPA5, NRF2 and GPx4 in U251 and A172 cells. Consequently, borax may induce ferroptosis in GBM cells and regulate the associated regulatory mechanisms targeting NRF2 and HSPA5 pathways. This knowledge may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting ferroptosis in GBM and potentially improve patient outcomes."
8247,brain tumour,38494769,"[Net survival analysis of cancer in Zhongshan City of Guangdong Province in China, 1970 to 2014].",
8248,brain tumour,38494531,Male manipulation impinges on social-dependent tumor suppression in Drosophila melanogaster females.,"Physiological status can influence social behavior, which in turn can affect physiology and health. Previously, we reported that tumor growth in Drosophila virgin females depends on the social context, but did not investigate the underlying physiological mechanisms. Here, we sought to characterize the signal perceived between tumorous flies, ultimately discovering that the tumor suppressive effect varies depending on reproductive status. Firstly, we show that the tumor suppressive effect is neither dependent on remnant pheromone-like products nor on the microbiota. Transcriptome analysis of the heads of these tumorous flies reveals social-dependent gene-expression changes related to nervous-system activity, suggesting that a cognitive-like relay might mediate the tumor suppressive effect. The transcriptome also reveals changes in the expression of genes related to mating behavior. Surprisingly, we observed that this social-dependent tumor-suppressive effect is lost in fertilized females. After mating, Drosophila females change their behavior-favoring offspring survival-in response to peptides transferred via the male ejaculate, a phenomenon called ""male manipulation"". Remarkably, the social-dependent tumor suppressive effect is restored in females mated by sex-peptide deficient males. Since male manipulation has likely been selected to favor male gene transmission, our findings indicate that this evolutionary trait impedes social-dependent tumor growth slowdown."
8249,brain tumour,38494517,DDFC: deep learning approach for deep feature extraction and classification of brain tumors using magnetic resonance imaging in E-healthcare system.,"This research explores the use of gated recurrent units (GRUs) for automated brain tumor detection using MRI data. The GRU model captures sequential patterns and considers spatial information within individual MRI images and the temporal evolution of lesion characteristics. The proposed approach improves the accuracy of tumor detection using MRI images. The model's performance is benchmarked against conventional CNNs and other recurrent architectures. The research addresses interpretability concerns by employing attention mechanisms that highlight salient features contributing to the model's decisions. The proposed model attention-gated recurrent units (A-GRU) results show promising results, indicating that the proposed model surpasses the state-of-the-art models in terms of accuracy and obtained 99.32% accuracy. Due to the high predictive capability of the proposed model, we recommend it for the effective diagnosis of Brain tumors in the E-healthcare system."
8250,brain tumour,38494431,Noise suppression of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy improves paediatric brain tumour classification.,Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (
8251,brain tumour,38494282,Paraneoplastic autonomic neuropathies and GI dysmotility.,"A number of the well-recognized autoimmune and paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes commonly involve the autonomic nervous system. In some cases, the autonomic nerves or ganglia are primary targets of neurologic autoimmunity, as in immune-mediated autonomic ganglionopathies. In other disorders such as encephalitis, autonomic centers in the brain may be affected. The presence of autonomic dysfunction (especially gastrointestinal dysmotility) is sometimes overlooked even though this may contribute significantly to the symptom burden in these paraneoplastic disorders. Additionally, recognition of autonomic features as part of the clinical syndrome can help point the diagnostic evaluation toward autoimmune and paraneoplastic etiologies. As with other paraneoplastic disorders, the clinical syndrome and the presence and type of neurologic autoantibodies help to secure the diagnosis and direct the most appropriate investigation for malignancy. Optimal management for these conditions typically includes aggressive treatment of the neoplasm, immunomodulatory therapy, and symptomatic treatments for orthostatic hypotension and gastrointestinal dysmotility."
8252,brain tumour,38494150,Systematic identification of a synthetic lethal interaction in brain-metastatic lung adenocarcinoma.,"Metastatic lung adenocarcinoma (LuAC) presents a significant clinical challenge due to the short latency and the lack of efficient treatment options. Therefore, identification of molecular vulnerabilities in metastatic LuAC holds great importance in the development of therapeutic drugs against this disease. In this study, we performed a genome-wide siRNA screening using poorly and highly brain-metastatic LuAC cell lines. Using this approach, we discovered that compared to poorly metastatic LuAC (LuAC-Par) cells, brain-metastatic LuAC (LuAC-BrM) cells exhibited a significantly higher vulnerability to c-FLIP (an inhibitor of caspase-8)-depletion-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo studies demonstrated that c-FLIP knockdown specifically inhibited growth of LuAC-BrM, but not the LuAC-Par, tumors, suggesting the addiction of LuAC-BrM to the function of c-FLIP for their survival. Our in vitro and in vivo analyses also demonstrated that LuAC-BrM is more sensitive to c-FLIP-depletion due to ER stress-induced activation of the c-JUN and subsequent induction of stress genes including ATF4 and DDIT3. Finally, we found that c-JUN not only sensitized LuAC-BrM to c-FLIP-depletion-induced cell death but also promoted brain metastasis in vivo, providing strong evidence for c-JUN's function as a double-edged sword in LuAC-BrM. Collectively, our findings not only reveal a novel link between c-JUN, brain metastasis, and c-FLIP addiction in LuAC-BrM but also present an opportunity for potential therapeutic intervention."
8253,brain tumour,38494062,Bifunctional iRGD-Exo-DOX crosses the blood-brain barrier to target central nervous system lymphoma.,"Central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) is a type of hematological tumor. Treatment of CNSL is difficult due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we used exosomes (Exos), a type of extracellular vesicle, and iRGD to construct a new drug carrier system and use it to load doxorubicin (DOX). The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the iRGD-Exo-DOX system can efficiently and securely transport DOX through the BBB and target tumor cells. The results suggest that iRGD-Exo-DOX may cross the BBB through brain microvascular endothelial cell-mediated endocytosis. Together, our study indicates an impactful treatment of central nervous system tumors."
8254,brain tumour,38493942,Electrochemical biosensors for early diagnosis of glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and life-threatening neurological malignancy of predominant astrocyte origin. This type of neoplasm can develop in either the brain or the spine and is also known as glioblastoma multiforme. Although current diagnostic methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) facilitate tumor location, these approaches are unable to assess disease severity. Furthermore, interpretation of imaging studies requires significant expertise which can have substantial inter-observer variability, thus challenging diagnosis and potentially delaying treatment. In contrast, biosensing systems offer a promising alternative to these traditional approaches. These technologies can continuously monitor specific molecules, providing valuable real-time data on treatment response, and could significantly improve patient outcomes. Among various types of biosensors, electrochemical systems are preferred over other types, as they do not require expensive or complex equipment or procedures and can be made with readily available materials and methods. Moreover, electrochemical biosensors can detect very small amounts of analytes with high accuracy and specificity by using various signal amplification strategies and recognition elements. Considering the advantages of electrochemical biosensors compared to other biosensing methods, we aim to highlight the potential application(s) of these sensors for GBM theranostics. The review's innovative insights are expected to antecede the development of novel biosensors and associated diagnostic platforms, ultimately restructuring GBM detection strategies."
8255,brain tumour,38493899,ClonoScreen3D - A Novel 3-Dimensional Clonogenic Screening Platform for Identification of Radiosensitizers for Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor. Standard-of-care treatment comprising surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy results in median survival rates of 12 to 15 months. Molecular-targeted agents identified using conventional 2-dimensional (2D) in vitro models of GBM have failed to improve outcome in patients, rendering such models inadequate for therapeutic target identification. A previously developed 3D GBM in vitro model that recapitulates key GBM clinical features and responses to molecular therapies was investigated for utility for screening novel radiation-drug combinations using gold-standard clonogenic survival as readout."
8256,brain tumour,38493891,Intracranial Epidermoid Cyst: A Volumetric Study of a Surgically Challenging Benign Lesion.,"Intracranial epidermoid cysts are rare, benign tumors. Nevertheless, the microsurgical removal of these cysts is challenging. This is due to their capacity to adhere to the neurovascular tissue, as well as the associated difficulties in microsurgically peeling off their capsular wall hidden in dead angles. To better understand the rate of recurrence after surgical intervention, we have performed preoperative and postoperative volumetric analysis of epidermoid cysts, allowing the estimation of their growth rate after resection."
8257,brain tumour,38493731,"Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of Nrf2 modulators for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.","Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a prevalent primary brain tumor. However, no specific therapeutic drug has been developed for it. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a crucial transcription factor involved in the cellular response to oxidative stress. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 plays a pivotal role in GBM angiogenesis, and inhibiting Nrf2 can significantly enhance patient prognosis. Using virtual screening technology, we examined our in-house library and identified pinosylvin as a potential compound with high activity. Pinosylvin exhibited robust hydrogen bond and Π-Π interaction with Nrf2. Cell experiments revealed that pinosylvin effectively reduced the proliferation of U87 tumor cells by regulating Nrf2 and demonstrated greater inhibitory activity than temozolomide. Consequently, we believe that this study will offer valuable guidance for the future development of highly efficient therapeutic drugs for GBM."
8258,brain tumour,38493668,Prognosis of glioblastoma patients improves significantly over time interrogating historical controls.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common devastating primary brain cancer in adults. In our clinical practice, median overall survival (mOS) of GBM patients seems increasing over time."
8259,brain tumour,38493601,Brain tumor detection based on a novel and high-quality prediction of the tumor pixel distributions.,"The work presented in this paper is in the area of brain tumor detection. We propose a fast detection system with 3D MRI scans of Flair modality. It performs 2 functions, predicting the gray level distribution and location distribution of the pixels in the tumor regions and generating tumor masks with pixel-wise precision. To facilitate 3D data analysis and processing, we introduce a 2D histogram presentation encompassing the gray-level distribution and pixel-location distribution of a 3D object. In the proposed system, specific 2D histograms highlighting tumor-related features are established by exploiting the left-right asymmetry of a brain structure. A modulation function, generated from the input data of each patient case, is applied to the 2D histograms to transform them into coarsely or finely predicted distributions of tumor pixels. The prediction result helps to identify/remove tumor-free slices. The prediction and removal operations are performed to the axial, coronal and sagittal slice series of a brain image, transforming it into a 3D minimum bounding box of its tumor region. The bounding box is utilized to finalize the prediction and generate a 3D tumor mask. The proposed system has been tested extensively with the data of more than 1200 patient cases in BraTS2018∼2021 datasets. The test results demonstrate that the predicted 2D histograms resemble closely the true ones. The system delivers also very good tumor detection results, comparable to those of state-of-the-art CNN systems with mono-modality inputs. They are reproducible and obtained at an extremely low computation cost and without need for training."
8260,brain tumour,38493149,Casein kinase 2 phosphorylates and induces the SALL2 tumor suppressor degradation in colon cancer cells.,"Spalt-like proteins are Zinc finger transcription factors from Caenorhabditis elegans to vertebrates, with critical roles in development. In vertebrates, four paralogues have been identified (SALL1-4), and SALL2 is the family's most dissimilar member. SALL2 is required during brain and eye development. It is downregulated in cancer and acts as a tumor suppressor, promoting cell cycle arrest and cell death. Despite its critical functions, information about SALL2 regulation is scarce. Public data indicate that SALL2 is ubiquitinated and phosphorylated in several residues along the protein, but the mechanisms, biological consequences, and enzymes responsible for these modifications remain unknown. Bioinformatic analyses identified several putative phosphorylation sites for Casein Kinase II (CK2) located within a highly conserved C-terminal PEST degradation motif of SALL2. CK2 is a serine/threonine kinase that promotes cell proliferation and survival and is often hyperactivated in cancer. We demonstrated that CK2 phosphorylates SALL2 residues S763, T778, S802, and S806 and promotes SALL2 degradation by the proteasome. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of CK2 with Silmitasertib (CX-4945) restored endogenous SALL2 protein levels in SALL2-deficient breast MDA-MB-231, lung H1299, and colon SW480 cancer cells. Silmitasertib induced a methuosis-like phenotype and cell death in SW480 cells. However, the phenotype was significantly attenuated in CRISPr/Cas9-mediated SALL2 knockout SW480 cells. Similarly, Sall2-deficient tumor organoids were more resistant to Silmitasertib-induced cell death, confirming that SALL2 sensitizes cancer cells to CK2 inhibition. We identified a novel CK2-dependent mechanism for SALL2 regulation and provided new insights into the interplay between these two proteins and their role in cell survival and proliferation."
8261,brain tumour,38492969,Improving the Treatment of Brain Metastases in HER2-Positive Breast Cancers: Eternal Dream or Reality? Results of the NRG Oncology-KROG/RTOG 1119 Phase 2 Randomized Trial and Future Directions.,No abstract found
8262,brain tumour,38492841,Poly(rC)-binding protein 1 alleviates neurotoxicity in 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cells and modulates glial cells in neuroinflammation.,"Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative condition characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and neuroinflammation. Previous research has identified the involvement of Poly (rC)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1) in certain degenerative diseases; however, its specific mechanisms in PD remain incompletely understood."
8263,brain tumour,38492813,Outcome After Modern Proton Beam Therapy in Childhood Craniopharyngioma: Results of the Prospective Registry Study KiProReg.,Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are rare tumors of the sellar region often leading to significant comorbidities due to their close proximity to critical structures. The aim of this study was to analyze survival outcome and late toxicities after surgery and proton beam therapy (PBT) in childhood CPs.
8264,brain tumour,38492800,Diagnostic validity and reliability of BT-RADS in the management of recurrent high-grade glioma.,BT-RADS is a new framework system for reporting the treatment response of brain tumors. The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic performance and reliability of the BT-RADS in predicting the recurrence of high-grade glioma (HGG).
8265,brain tumour,38492734,Nuclear transport of phosphorylated LanCL2 promotes invadopodia formation and tumor progression of glioblastoma by activating STAT3/Cortactin signaling.,"Our previous study showed that the abscisic acid receptor lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 (LanCL2) is a significant prognostic factor for overall survival in young glioblastoma patients. However, the role of LanCL2 in glioblastoma remains unclear yet."
8266,brain tumour,38492671,ESTRO-SIOPE guideline: Clinical management of radiotherapy in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs).,"Treatment of patients with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid (AT/RT) is challenging, especially when very young (below the age of three years). Radiotherapy (RT) is part of a complex trimodality therapy. The purpose of this guideline is to provide appropriate recommendations for RT in the clinical management of patients not enrolled in clinical trials."
8267,brain tumour,38492523,"""On/off""-switchable crosslinked PTX-nanoformulation with improved precise delivery for NSCLC brain metastases and restrained adverse reaction over nab-PTX.","Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastases present a significant treatment challenge due to limited drug delivery efficiency and severe adverse reactions. In this study, we address these challenges by designing a ""on/off"" switchable crosslinked paclitaxel (PTX) nanocarrier, BPM-PD, with novel ultra-pH-sensitive linkages (pH 6.8 to 6.5). BPM-PD demonstrates a distinct ""on/off"" switchable release of the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel (PTX) in response to the acidic extratumoral microenvironment. The ""off"" state of BPM-PD@PTX effectively prevents premature drug release in the blood circulation, blood-brain barrier (BBB)/blood-tumor barrier (BTB), and normal brain tissue, surpassing the clinical PTX-nanoformulation (nab-PTX). Meanwhile, the ""on"" state facilitates precise delivery to NSCLC brain metastases cells. Compared to nab-PTX, BPM-PD@PTX demonstrates improved therapeutic efficacy with a reduced tumor area (only 14.6%) and extended survival duration, while mitigating adverse reactions (over 83.7%) in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), offering a promising approach for the treatment of NSCLC brain metastases. The precise molecular switch also helped to increase the PTX maximum tolerated dose from 25 mg/kg to 45 mg/kg This research contributes to the field of cancer therapeutics and has significant implications for improving the clinical outcomes of NSCLC patients."
8268,brain tumour,38492275,"REGOMA-OSS: a large, Italian, multicenter, prospective, observational study evaluating the efficacy and safety of regorafenib in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.","In the randomized phase II REGOMA trial, regorafenib showed promising activity in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. We conducted a large, multicenter, prospective, observational study to confirm the REGOMA data in a real-world setting."
8269,brain tumour,38492229,Protocol for generating dormant human brain metastatic breast cancer spheroids in vitro.,"Here, we present a protocol to generate dormant brain metastatic breast cancer (BMBC) spheroids utilizing hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels. We describe the steps for construction of spheroids from human BMBC cell lines MDA-MB-231Br and BT474Br3, HA hydrogel preparation, and spheroid plating on HA hydrogels and in suspension culture. We then detail the impact of HA hydrogel on the dormant phenotype of spheroids by measuring spheroid cross-sectional area, cell numbers, and EdU staining. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kondapaneni et al."
8270,brain tumour,38492191,The detrimental effect of biopsy preceding resection in surgically accessible glioblastoma: results from the national cancer database.,"Aggressive resection in surgically-accessible glioblastoma (GBM) correlates with improved survival over less extensive resections. However, the clinical impact of performing a biopsy before definitive resection have not been previously evaluated."
8271,brain tumour,38492096,Diffusion-weighted imaging-based radiomics model using automatic machine learning to differentiate cerebral cystic metastases from brain abscesses.,To develop a radiomics model based on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) utilizing automated machine learning method to differentiate cerebral cystic metastases from brain abscesses.
8272,brain tumour,38492052,"Proinflammatory cytokine levels, cognitive function, and suicidal symptoms of adolescents and young adults with major depressive disorder.","Whether proinflammatory cytokine dysregulation and cognitive dysfunction are associated with suicidal symptoms in adolescents and young adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) remains uncertain. We assessed the cognitive function and proinflammatory cytokine levels of 43 and 51 patients aged 15-29 years with MDD and severe and mild suicidal symptoms, respectively, as well as those of 85 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Specifically, we measured serum levels of C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2, and interleukin-6 and assessed cognitive function by using working memory and go/no-go tasks. The severity of the patients' suicidal symptoms was based on Item 10 of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; scores of ≤ 2 and ≥ 4 indicated mild and severe symptoms, respectively. The patients with MDD and severe suicidal symptoms had higher levels of C-reactive protein (p = .019) and TNF-α (p = .002) than did the patients with mild symptoms or the healthy controls. The number of errors committed on the go/no-go by patients with MDD and severe suicidal symptoms (p = .001) was significantly higher than those by patients with MDD and mild symptoms or by controls. After adjusting for nonsuicidal depressive symptoms, we observed suicidal symptoms to be positively associated with TNF-α levels (p = .050) and errors on the go/no-go task (p = .021). Compared with mild suicidal symptoms, severe symptoms are associated with greater serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and inferior cognitive function in adolescents and young adults with MDD."
8273,brain tumour,38491472,Thoracoscopic McKeown esophagectomy in a patient with an azygos lobe.,"The azygos lobe is a relatively rare anatomical variation, and there have been no reports, until date, of thoracoscopic McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in a patient with an azygos lobe. The azygos lobe can be diagnosed by chest X-ray or CT, and is usually not associated with any symptoms. However, surgeons should be aware that transthoracic surgical procedures in patients with an azygos lobe could be associated with a high risk of complications."
8274,brain tumour,38491408,Integrative multi-omics characterization reveals sex differences in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor in adults, with limited treatment modalities and poor prognosis. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of considering sex differences in cancer incidence, prognosis, molecular disparities, and treatment outcomes across various tumor types, including colorectal adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and GBM."
8275,brain tumour,38491396,The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurosurgery in the elderly population in Sweden.,The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a refocus of health care resources to acute care which has impacted on the capacity of healthcare systems to conduct neurological surgeries. The elderly population has been shown to be particularly vulnerable to the consequences of the pandemic. Less neurosurgery can result in great impact on public health by increasing morbidity and mortality in patients with malignancies and traumatic injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurosurgical procedures in the elderly population in Sweden.
8276,brain tumour,38491348,The m,"Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key players in tumorigenesis and tumour progression. However, the biological functions and potential mechanisms of lncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) are unclear."
8277,brain tumour,38491247,Single-cell transcriptome analysis upon ECM-remodeling meningioma cells.,"Meningiomas are the most common tumours that primarily arise in the central nervous system, but their intratumoural heterogeneity has not yet been thoroughly studied. We aimed to investigate the transcriptome characteristics and biological properties of ECM-remodeling meningioma cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (ScRNA-seq) data from meningioma samples were acquired and used for analyses. We conducted comprehensive bioinformatics analyses, including screening for differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analyses, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and copy number variation (CNV) analysis on single-cell sequencing data from meningiomas. Eighteen cell types, including six meningioma subtypes, were identified in the data. ECM-remodeling meningioma cells (MGCs) were mainly distributed in brain-tumour interface tissues. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses revealed that 908 DEGs were mainly related to cell adhesion, extracellular matrix organization, and ECM-receptor interaction. GSEA analysis demonstrated that homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules was significantly enriched (NES = 2.375, P < 0.001). CNV analysis suggested that ECM-remodeling MGCs showed considerably lower average CNV scores. ECM-remodeling MGCs predominantly localized at the brain-tumour interface area and adhere stably to the basement membrane with a lower degree of malignancy. This study provides novel insights into the malignancy of meningiomas."
8278,brain tumour,38491170,Targeting pro-inflammatory T cells as a novel therapeutic approach to potentially resolve atherosclerosis in humans.,"Atherosclerosis (AS), a leading cause of cardio-cerebrovascular disease worldwide, is driven by the accumulation of lipid contents and chronic inflammation. Traditional strategies primarily focus on lipid reduction to control AS progression, leaving residual inflammatory risks for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). While anti-inflammatory therapies targeting innate immunity have reduced MACEs, many patients continue to face significant risks. Another key component in AS progression is adaptive immunity, but its potential role in preventing AS remains unclear. To investigate this, we conducted a retrospective cohort study on tumor patients with AS plaques. We found that anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) significantly reduces AS plaque size. With multi-omics single-cell analyses, we comprehensively characterized AS plaque-specific PD-1"
8279,brain tumour,38490940,PET/CT in comparison with PET/MRI as an imaging modality in the management of Gliomas: A systematic review and meta analysis.,"Gliomas are the most commonly occurring type of primary brain tumors. They account for 32% of all brain tumors and 80% of all malignant intracranial tumors. Gliomas are separated into four grades according to the World Health Organization. While low-grade gliomas generally have a favorable outlook, high-grade gliomas cause significant morbidity and mortality Given the lack of clarity about the causes of gliomas and their potential lethality, early diagnosis and identification is crucial."
8280,brain tumour,38490704,Congenital brain tumour in a neonate: a therapeutic challenge.,"A term neonate with history of ventriculomegaly in the fetal period was diagnosed with a central nervous system tumour after radiological investigations. It was confirmed as an immature teratoma after histopathological examination. He underwent left frontal craniotomy with tumour excision. Intraoperatively, massive haemorrhage (venous bleed) occurred due to the high vascularity of the tumour and led to haemodynamic instability. A massive transfusion protocol was initiated. Despite multiple transfusions and shock management, he succumbed at 2 weeks of life. This case report highlights the importance of antenatal diagnosis and fetal MRI in prognostication and also the possible role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in reducing tumour vascularity and, hence, bleeding."
8281,brain tumour,38490447,Genetically Distinct Oligosarcoma Arising from Oligodendroglioma: Systematic Review & Illustrative Case Example.,"Oligosarcoma is a rare central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm that may arise following oligodendroglioma resection, which demonstrates a unique genetic profile and aggressive clinical phenotype. We present a systematic review and illustrative case example emphasizing the clinical and prognostic features of this unusual and unfavorable neuro-oncologic disease."
8282,brain tumour,38490442,Ultrasound-Guided Resection of High-Grade Gliomas: A Single-Arm Meta-Analysis.,"High-grade gliomas (HGGs) present a challenge in neuro-oncology, often necessitating surgical resection for optimal management. Ultrasound holds promise in achieving better gross total resection (GTR) and improving outcomes. This meta-analysis systematically evaluates literature providing robust evidence on the use of intraoperative ultrasonography (iUSG) in HGG resection."
8283,brain tumour,38490374,Rotor-based image-guided therapy of glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), deep in the brain, is more challenging to diagnose and treat than other tumors. Such challenges have blocked the development of high-impact therapeutic approaches that combine reliable diagnosis with targeted therapy. Herein, effective cyanine dyes (IRLy) with the near-infrared two region (NIR-II) adsorption and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) have been developed via an ""extended conjugation & molecular rotor"" strategy for multimodal imaging and phototherapy of deep orthotopic GBM. IRLy was synthesized successfully through a rational molecular rotor modification with stronger penetration, higher signal-to-noise ratio, and a high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) up to ∼60%, which can achieve efficient NIR-II photo-response. The multifunctional nanoparticles (Tf-IRLy NPs) were further fabricated to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) introducing transferrin (Tf) as a targeting ligand. Tf-IRLy NPs showed high biosafety and good tumor enrichment for GBM in vitro and in vivo, and thus enabled accurate, efficient, and less invasive NIR-II multimodal imaging and photothermal therapy. This versatile Tf-IRLy nanosystem can provide a reference for the efficient, precise and low-invasive multi-synergistic brain targeted photo-theranostics. In addition, the ""extended conjugation & molecular rotor"" strategy can be used to guide the design of other photothermal agents."
8284,brain tumour,38489861,Real-world outcomes of Italian patients with advanced non-squamous lung cancer treated with first-line pembrolizumab plus platinum-pemetrexed.,"The aim of this multi-center, retrospective/prospective cohort observational study was to evaluate outcomes in routine clinical practice of first-line chemo-immunotherapy with cis/carboplatin, pemetrexed and pembrolizumab in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 33 Italian centers."
8285,brain tumour,38489811,Pediatric brain tumors in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Brain tumors are a global problem, leading to higher cancer-related morbidity and mortality rates in children. Despite the progressive though slow advances in neuro-oncology care, research, and diagnostics in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the epidemiological landscape of pediatric brain tumors (PBTs) remains underestimated. This study aimed to systematically analyze the distribution of PBT types in SSA."
8286,brain tumour,38489809,Editorial. Prolonged survival in diffuse midline gliomas: a socioeconomic status symbol or a marker of good supportive care?,No abstract found
8287,brain tumour,38489807,Influence of socioeconomic status on clinical outcomes of diffuse midline glioma and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.,"Given the lack of a definitive treatment and the poor prognosis of patients with diffuse midline glioma (DMG) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), socioeconomic status (SES) may affect treatment access and therefore survival. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between SES and treatment modalities, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in children with DMG/DIPG."
8288,brain tumour,38489712,Postpartum choriocarcinoma - a rare cause of delayed postpartum hemorrhage: Four case reports and literature review.,"Delayed postpartum hemorrhage is rare, with an incidence of 0.5% to 2.0% in all pregnancies. The most important causes are placental remnants, infections, and placental bed subinvolution. Postpartum choriocarcinoma, a highly malignant complication of pregnancy, is a rare condition that can be easily misdiagnosed as other common causes, such as gestational remnants, and delays the diagnosis."
8289,brain tumour,38489678,The reporting quality of randomized controlled trials in pharmacotherapy for pituitary adenomas.,Medical therapy has become an increasingly important intervention owing to improvements in the multidisciplinary care for pituitary adenomas (PAs). This study aimed to assess the reporting quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on PAs pharmacotherapy.
8290,brain tumour,38489314,Integrating and optimizing tonabersat in standard glioblastoma therapy: A preclinical study.,"Glioblastoma (GB), a highly aggressive primary brain tumor, presents a poor prognosis despite the current standard therapy, including radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. Tumor microtubes involving connexin 43 (Cx43) contribute to glioma progression and therapy resistance, suggesting Cx43 inhibition as a potential treatment strategy. This research aims to explore the adjuvant potential of tonabersat, a Cx43 gap junction modulator and blood-brain barrier-penetrating compound, in combination with the standard of care for GB. In addition, different administration schedules and timings to optimize tonabersat's therapeutic window are investigated. The F98 Fischer rat model will be utilized to investigate tonabersat's impact in a clinically relevant setting, by incorporating fractionated radiotherapy (three fractions of 9 Gy) and TMZ chemotherapy (29 mg/kg). This study will evaluate tonabersat's impact on tumor growth, survival, and treatment response through advanced imaging (CE T1-w MRI) and histological analysis. Results show extended survival in rats receiving tonabersat with standard care, highlighting its adjuvant potential. Daily tonabersat administration, both preceding and following radiotherapy, emerges as a promising approach for maximizing survival outcomes. The study suggests tonabersat's potential to reduce tumor invasiveness, providing a new avenue for GB treatment. In conclusion, this preclinical investigation highlights tonabersat's potential as an effective adjuvant treatment for GB, and its established safety profile from clinical trials in migraine treatment presents a promising foundation for further exploration."
8291,brain tumour,38489277,TTDCapsNet: Tri Texton-Dense Capsule Network for complex and medical image recognition.,"Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are frequently used algorithms because of their propensity to learn relevant and hierarchical features through their feature extraction technique. However, the availability of enormous volumes of data in various variations is crucial for their performance. Capsule networks (CapsNets) perform well on a small amount of data but perform poorly on complex images. To address this, we proposed a new Capsule Network architecture called Tri Texton-Dense CapsNet (TTDCapsNet) for better complex and medical image classification. The TTDCapsNet is made up of three hierarchic blocks of Texton-Dense CapsNet (TDCapsNet) models. A single TDCapsNet is a CapsNet architecture composed of a texton detection layer to extract essential features, which are passed onto an eight-layered block of dense convolution that further extracts features, and then the output feature map is given as input to a Primary Capsule (PC), and then to a Class Capsule (CC) layer for classification. The resulting feature map from the first PC serves as input into the second-level TDCapsNet, and that from the second PC serves as input into the third-level TDCapsNet. The routing algorithm receives feature maps from each PC for the various CCs. Routing the concatenation of the three PCs creates an additional CC layer. All these four feature maps combined, help to achieve better classification. On fashion-MNIST, CIFAR-10, Breast Cancer, and Brain Tumor datasets, the proposed model is evaluated and achieved validation accuracies of 94.90%, 89.09%, 95.01%, and 97.71% respectively. Findings from this work indicate that TTDCapsNet outperforms the baseline and performs comparatively well with the state-of-the-art CapsNet models using different performance metrics. This work clarifies the viability of using Capsule Network on complex tasks in the real world. Thus, the proposed model can be used as an intelligent system, to help oncologists in diagnosing cancerous diseases and administering treatment required."
8292,brain tumour,38489151,Correction to: Preoperative patient-reported physical health-related quality of life predicts short-term postoperative outcomes in brain tumor patients.,No abstract found
8293,brain tumour,38489149,Effects of cognitive-motor intervention for pediatric posterior fossa tumor survivors: results of a pilot study.,The purpose of this prospective pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and effects of cognitive-motor intervention on the cognitive and motor abilities of pediatric survivors of posterior fossa tumors. The study involved patients aged 7 to 18 years with cognitive deficits who had completed primary treatment for posterior fossa tumors. 25 participants (M
8294,brain tumour,38488994,Multiple surgical resections for progressive IDH wildtype glioblastoma-is it beneficial?,The role of repeat resection for recurrent glioblastoma (rGB) remains equivocal. This study aims to assess the overall survival and complications rates of single or repeat resection for rGB.
8295,brain tumour,38488982,Enhanced outcomes in residual or recurrent craniopharyngioma: evaluating combined gamma knife and phosphorus-32 brachytherapy.,"Managing residual and recurrent craniopharyngioma effectively is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This study evaluates the combined use of gamma knife and phosphorus-32 brachytherapy, offering insights into alternative, less invasive treatment strategies."
8296,brain tumour,38488902,DEGRO guideline for personalized radiotherapy of brain metastases and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in patients with breast cancer.,The aim of this review was to evaluate the existing evidence for radiotherapy for brain metastases in breast cancer patients and provide recommendations for the use of radiotherapy for brain metastases and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.
8297,brain tumour,38488900,Spinal and cervical nodal metastases in a patient with glioblastoma.,"This article presents the rare case of a 54-year-old gentleman with primary glioblastoma developing multiple extracranial metastases 7 months after diagnosis. Initially, the patient complained of progressive headaches, confusion, and weakness of the left arm. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a right temporoparietal tumor with substantial surrounding subcortical edema and midline shift to the left. Two consecutive craniotomies resulted in complete microsurgical resection of the lesion. Histology was consistent with a World Health Organization grade IV, IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. Further treatment was standard chemoradiation including intensity-modulated radiotherapy with oral temozolomide chemotherapy. Seven months after diagnosis, the cranial lesion progressed, and the patient developed painful metastases in multiple bones and suspicious right-sided cervical lymph nodes. Immunohistochemistry and molecular signature supported the case of a metastatic glioblastoma. Further treatment was palliative radiotherapy of the spinal lesions along with symptomatic pain management. Extracranial metastasis of glioblastoma is a rare complication of which only a few cases have been reported in the literature. Little is known about the precise mechanisms of tumor dissemination and the appropriate treatment."
8298,brain tumour,38488682,Exploring the impact of ITGB2 on glioma progression and treatment: Insights from non-apoptotic cell death and immunotherapy.,"In the realm of glioma treatment, our groundbreaking research has uncovered the pivotal role of Integrin Beta 2 (ITGB2) in non-apoptotic cell death and its profound implications for immunotherapy efficacy. Gliomas, known for their aggressive and infiltrative nature, demand innovative therapeutic strategies for improved patient outcomes. Our study bridges a critical gap by examining the interplay between non-apoptotic cell death and immunotherapy response in gliomas. Through comprehensive analysis of ten diverse glioma datasets, we developed a unique death enrichment score and identified ITGB2 as a significant risk marker. This study demonstrates that ITGB2 can predict immune activity, mutation characteristics, and drug response in glioma patients. We reveal that ITGB2 not only mediates glioma proliferation and migration but also crucially influences immunotherapy responses by modulating the interaction between gliomas and macrophages by single-cell sequencing analysis (iTalk and ICELLNET). Employing a variety of molecular and cellular methodologies, including in vitro models, our findings highlight ITGB2 as a potent marker in glioma biology, particularly impacting macrophage migration and polarization. We present compelling evidence of ITGB2's dual role in regulating tumor cell behavior and shaping the immune landscape, thereby influencing therapeutic outcomes. The study underlines the potential of ITGB2-targeted strategies in enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy and opens new avenues for personalized treatment approaches in glioma management. In conclusion, this research marks a significant stride in understanding glioma pathology and therapy, positioning ITGB2 as a key biomarker and a promising target in the quest for effective glioma treatments."
8299,brain tumour,38488548,Oligodendrocytes in central nervous system diseases: the effect of cytokine regulation.,"Cytokines including tumor necrosis factor, interleukins, interferons, and chemokines are abundantly produced in various diseases. As pleiotropic factors, cytokines are involved in nearly every aspect of cellular functions such as migration, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system and play critical roles in the conduction of action potentials, supply of metabolic components for axons, and other functions. Emerging evidence suggests that both oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells are vulnerable to cytokines released under pathological conditions. This review mainly summarizes the effects of cytokines on oligodendrocyte lineage cells in central nervous system diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the effects of cytokines on oligodendrocyte lineage cells contributes to our understanding of central nervous system diseases and offers insights into treatment strategies."
8300,brain tumour,38488530,Involvement of microglia-expressed MS4A6A in the onset of glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the deadliest form of brain tumour, characterized by its low survival rate and grim prognosis. Cytokines released from glioma-associated microglia/macrophages are involved in establishing the tumour microenvironment, thereby crucially promoting GBM progression. MS4A6A polymorphism was confirmed to be associated with neurodegenerative and polymorphism disease pathobiology, but whether it participates in the regulation of GBM and the underlying mechanisms is still not elucidated. Here, we found that MS4A6A was significantly upregulated in GBM patient samples. The results from the single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) database and immunostaining demonstrated the specific expression of MS4A6A in microglial cells. In vitro, microglial overexpression of MS4A6A stimulated the proliferation and migration of glioblastoma cells. Moreover, high MS4A6A mRNA expression was related to poor prognosis in GBM patients. Our study highlights the potential of MS4A6A as a promising biomarker for GBM, which may provide novel strategies for its prevention, diagnosis and treatment."
8301,brain tumour,38488499,GammaTile: Reshaping Brachytherapy.,No abstract found
8302,brain tumour,38488456,Vasorin Exocytosed from Glioma Cells Facilitates Angiogenesis via VEGFR2/AKT Signaling Pathway.,"Glioma is a highly vascularized tumor of the central nervous system. Angiogenesis plays a predominant role in glioma progression and is considered an important therapeutic target. Our previous study showed that vasorin (VASN), a transmembrane protein, is overexpressed in glioma and promotes angiogenesis; however, the potential mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that human vascular endothelial cells (hEC) co-cultured with VASN-overexpressing glioma cells exhibited accelerated migration ability and increased expression of VASN originated from glioma cells. VASN was found in exosomes secreted by glioma cells and could be taken up by hECs. hECs showed more edge filopodia and significantly upregulated expression of endothelial tip cell marker gene and protein levels after co-culture with VASN-overexpressing glioma cells. In clinical glioma tissue and orthotopic transplantation glioma tissue, the vascular density and the number of vascular endothelial cells with a tip cell phenotype in VASN-overexpressed tissues were significantly higher than in tissues with low expression. At the molecular level, VASN interacted with VEGFR2 and caused internalization and autophosphorylation of VEGFR2 protein, and then activated the AKT signaling pathway. Our study collectively reveals the function and mechanism of VASN in facilitating angiogenesis in glioma, providing a new therapeutic target for glioma."
8303,brain tumour,38488191,Magnetic modulation of lysosomes for cancer therapy.,"Lysosomes play a central role in biochemical signal transduction and oxidative stress in cells. Inducing lysosome membrane penetration (LMP) to cause lysosomal-dependent cell death (LCD) in tumor cells is an effective strategy for cancer therapy. Chemical drugs can destroy the stability of lysosomes by neutralizing protons within the lysosomes or enhancing the fragility of the lysosomal membranes. However, there remain several unsolved problems of traditional drugs in LMP induction due to insufficient lysosomal targeting, fast metabolism, and toxicity in normal cells. With the development of nanotechnology, magnetic nanoparticles have been demonstrated to target lysosomes naturally, providing a versatile tool for lysosomal modulation. Combined with excellent tissue penetration and spatiotemporal manipulability of magnetic fields, magnetic modulation of lysosomes progresses rapidly in inducing LMP and LCD for cancer therapy. This review comprehensively discussed the strategies of magnetic modulation of lysosomes for cancer therapy. The intrinsic mechanisms of LMP-induced LCD were first introduced. Then, the modulation of lysosomes by diverse physical outputs of magnetic fields was emphatically discussed. Looking forward, this review will shed the light on the prospect of magnetic modulation of lysosomes, inspiring future research of magnetic modulation strategy in cancer therapy. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology."
8304,brain tumour,38488006,Just a spoonful of metformin helps the medicine go down.,"Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a devastating brain tumor with a need for novel therapies. So far, monotherapies have failed to prolong survival for these patients, and combinatorial strategies have often shown severe, dose-limiting toxicities. In this issue of the JCI, Duchatel, Jackson, and colleagues address this challenge by introducing a drug combination that mitigates side effects and overcomes resistance. After identifying the PI3K/mTOR pathway as a therapeutic vulnerability, they treated DIPG-bearing mice with paxalisib and saw responses but also observed hyperglycemia as a severe side effect. Combining paxalisib with metformin mitigated this toxicity, but also upregulated protein kinase C (PKC) signaling. To tackle this mechanism of resistance, the authors added the PKC inhibitor enzastaurin to their drug combination and showed that this triple therapy led to improved survival. This approach paves the way for improved outcomes for patients with DIPG and other brain tumors."
8305,brain tumour,38488001,ZMYND8 protects breast cancer stem cells against oxidative stress and ferroptosis through activation of NRF2.,"Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) mitigate oxidative stress to maintain their viability and plasticity. However, the regulatory mechanism of oxidative stress in BCSCs remains unclear. We recently found that the histone reader ZMYND8 was upregulated in BCSCs. Here, we showed that ZMYND8 reduced ROS and iron to inhibit ferroptosis in aldehyde dehydrogenase-high (ALDHhi) BCSCs, leading to BCSC expansion and tumor initiation in mice. The underlying mechanism involved a two-fold posttranslational regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). ZMYND8 increased stability of NRF2 protein through KEAP1 silencing. On the other hand, ZMYND8 interacted with and recruited NRF2 to the promoters of antioxidant genes to enhance gene transcription in mammospheres. NRF2 phenocopied ZMYND8 to enhance BCSC stemness and tumor initiation by inhibiting ROS and ferroptosis. Loss of NRF2 counteracted ZMYND8's effects on antioxidant genes and ROS in mammospheres. Interestingly, ZMYND8 expression was directly controlled by NRF2 in mammospheres. Collectively, these findings uncover a positive feedback loop that amplifies the antioxidant defense mechanism sustaining BCSC survival and stemness."
8306,brain tumour,38487849,PANCDR: precise medicine prediction using an adversarial network for cancer drug response.,"Pharmacogenomics aims to provide personalized therapy to patients based on their genetic variability. However, accurate prediction of cancer drug response (CDR) is challenging due to genetic heterogeneity. Since clinical data are limited, most studies predicting drug response use preclinical data to train models. However, such models might not be generalizable to external clinical data due to differences between the preclinical and clinical datasets. In this study, a Precision Medicine Prediction using an Adversarial Network for Cancer Drug Response (PANCDR) model is proposed. PANCDR consists of two sub-models, an adversarial model and a CDR prediction model. The adversarial model reduces the gap between the preclinical and clinical datasets, while the CDR prediction model extracts features and predicts responses. PANCDR was trained using both preclinical data and unlabeled clinical data. Subsequently, it was tested on external clinical data, including The Cancer Genome Atlas and brain tumor patients. PANCDR outperformed other machine learning models in predicting external test data. Our results demonstrate the robustness of PANCDR and its potential in precision medicine by recommending patient-specific drug candidates. The PANCDR codes and data are available at https://github.com/DMCB-GIST/PANCDR."
8307,brain tumour,38487801,Spaco: A comprehensive tool for coloring spatial data at single-cell resolution.,Understanding tissue architecture and niche-specific microenvironments in spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) requires 
8308,brain tumour,38487713,A transferrin receptor targeting dual-modal MR/NIR fluorescent imaging probe for glioblastoma diagnosis.,"The prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) remains challenging, primarily due to the lack of a precise, effective imaging technique for comprehensively characterization. Addressing GBM diagnostic challenges, our study introduces an innovative dual-modal imaging that merges near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This method employs superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with NIR fluorescent dyes, specifically Cyanine 7, and targeted peptides. This synthetic probe facilitates MRI functionality through superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, provides NIR imaging capability via Cyanine 7 and enhances tumor targeting trough peptide interactions, offering a comprehensive diagnostic tool for GBM. Notably, the probe traverses the blood-brain barrier, targeting GBM "
8309,brain tumour,38487685,Imaging and Molecular Annotation of Xenographs and Tumours (IMAXT): High throughput data and analysis infrastructure.,"With the aim of producing a 3D representation of tumors, imaging and molecular annotation of xenografts and tumors (IMAXT) uses a large variety of modalities in order to acquire tumor samples and produce a map of every cell in the tumor and its host environment. With the large volume and variety of data produced in the project, we developed automatic data workflows and analysis pipelines. We introduce a research methodology where scientists connect to a cloud environment to perform analysis close to where data are located, instead of bringing data to their local computers. Here, we present the data and analysis infrastructure, discuss the unique computational challenges and describe the analysis chains developed and deployed to generate molecularly annotated tumor models. Registration is achieved by use of a novel technique involving spherical fiducial marks that are visible in all imaging modalities used within IMAXT. The automatic pipelines are highly optimized and allow to obtain processed datasets several times quicker than current solutions narrowing the gap between data acquisition and scientific exploitation."
8310,brain tumour,38487525,"Peritumoral brain zone in glioblastoma: biological, clinical and mechanical features.","Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive and invasive tumor that affects the central nervous system (CNS). With a five-year survival rate of only 6.9% and a median survival time of eight months, it has the lowest survival rate among CNS tumors. Its treatment consists of surgical resection, subsequent fractionated radiotherapy and concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide. Despite the implementation of clinical interventions, recurrence is a common occurrence, with over 80% of cases arising at the edge of the resection cavity a few months after treatment. The high recurrence rate and location of glioblastoma indicate the need for a better understanding of the peritumor brain zone (PBZ). In this review, we first describe the main radiological, cellular, molecular and biomechanical tissue features of PBZ; and subsequently, we discuss its current clinical management, potential local therapeutic approaches and future prospects."
8311,brain tumour,38487343,Relevance of mutations in protein deubiquitinases genes and ,"Corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) develop from ACTH-producing cells. They commonly cause Cushing's disease (CD), however, some remain clinically silent. Recurrent "
8312,brain tumour,38487328,MicroRNA as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in brain gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Brain neoplasms and central nervous system (CNS) disorders, particularly gliomas, have shown a notable increase in incidence over the last three decades, posing significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising biomarkers due to their regulatory role in gene expression, offering potential enhancements in glioma diagnosis and prognosis."
8313,brain tumour,38487014,Glioblastoma stem cell-derived exosomal miR-374b-3p promotes tumor angiogenesis and progression through inducing M2 macrophages polarization.,"Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) reside in hypoxic periarteriolar niches of glioblastoma micro-environment, however, the crosstalk of GSCs with macrophages on regulating tumor angiogenesis and progression are not fully elucidated. GSCs-derived exosomes (GSCs-exos) are essential mediators during tumor immune-microenvironment remodeling initiated by GSCs, resulting in M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) as we reported previously. Our data disclosed aberrant upregulation of miR-374b-3p in both clinical glioblastoma specimens and human cell lines of GSCs. MiR-374b-3p level was high in GSCs-exos and can be internalized by macrophages. Mechanistically, GSCs exosomal miR-374b-3p induced M2 polarization of macrophages by downregulating phosphatase and tensin expression, thereby promoting migration and tube formation of vascular endothelial cells after coculture with M2 macrophages. Cumulatively, these data indicated that GSCs exosomal miR-374b-3p can enhance tumor angiogenesis by inducing M2 polarization of macrophages, as well as promote malignant progression of glioblastoma. Targeting exosomal miR-374b-3p may serve as a potential target against glioblastoma."
8314,brain tumour,38486486,A Benzarone Derivative Inhibits EYA to Suppress Tumor Growth in SHH Medulloblastoma.,"Medulloblastoma is one of the most common malignant brain tumors of children, and 30% of medulloblastomas are driven by gain-of-function genetic lesions in the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway. EYA1, a haloacid dehalogenase phosphatase and transcription factor, is critical for tumorigenesis and proliferation of SHH medulloblastoma (SHH-MB). Benzarone and benzbromarone have been identified as allosteric inhibitors of EYA proteins. Using benzarone as a point of departure, we developed a panel of 35 derivatives and tested them in SHH-MB. Among these compounds, DS-1-38 functioned as an EYA antagonist and opposed SHH signaling. DS-1-38 inhibited SHH-MB growth in vitro and in vivo, showed excellent brain penetrance, and increased the lifespan of genetically engineered mice predisposed to fatal SHH-MB. These data suggest that EYA inhibitors represent promising therapies for pediatric SHH-MB."
8315,brain tumour,38486372,Can confocal laser endomicroscopy replace frozen section in diagnosis of brain tumors? A definite maybe.,No abstract found
8316,brain tumour,38485749,High-performance presurgical differentiation of glioblastoma and metastasis by means of multiparametric neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) radiomics.,To evaluate the performance of multiparametric neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) radiomics in distinguishing between glioblastoma (Gb) and solitary brain metastasis (SBM).
8317,brain tumour,38485568,Evaluation of safety of fluoxetine for cerebellar mutism syndrome in children after posterior fossa surgery.,"Cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS) occurs in 8-29 % of children undergoing posterior fossa tumor surgery. Its main symptoms are mutism and emotional lability. Although it is always transient, recovery time can be lengthy with long-term cognitive sequelae. There is no approved drug treatment for CMS, but some drugs are used in everyday medical practice. One of these is fluoxetine, which has been used for many years in our institution. The main objective of this study was to establish the safety profile of fluoxetine in this condition."
8318,brain tumour,38485340,LPS priming-induced immune tolerance mitigates LPS-stimulated microglial activation and social avoidance behaviors in mice.,"In this study, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms underlying the effects of LPS tolerance on the inflammatory homeostasis of immune cells. LPS priming-induced immune tolerance downregulated cyclooxygenase-2, and lowered the production of prostaglandin-E"
8319,brain tumour,38485221,Engineered Microorganisms for Advancing Tumor Therapy.,"Engineered microorganisms have attracted significant interest as a unique therapeutic platform in tumor treatment. Compared with conventional cancer treatment strategies, engineering microorganism-based systems provide various distinct advantages, such as the intrinsic capability in targeting tumors, their inherent immunogenicity, in situ production of antitumor agents, and multiple synergistic functions to fight against tumors. Herein, the design, preparation, and application of the engineered microorganisms for advanced tumor therapy are thoroughly reviewed. This review presents a comprehensive survey of innovative tumor therapeutic strategies based on a series of representative engineered microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, microalgae, and fungi. Specifically, it offers extensive analyses of the design principles, engineering strategies, and tumor therapeutic mechanisms, as well as the advantages and limitations of different engineered microorganism-based systems. Finally, the current challenges and future research prospects in this field, which can inspire new ideas for the design of creative tumor therapy paradigms utilizing engineered microorganisms and facilitate their clinical applications, are discussed."
8320,brain tumour,38485198,High-Grade Astrocytoma with Piloid Features: A Dual Institutional Review of Imaging Findings of a Novel Entity.,"High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP) is a recently identified brain tumor characterized by a distinct DNA methylation profile. Predominantly located in the posterior fossa of adults, HGAP is notably prevalent in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1. We present an image-centric review of HGAP and explore the association between HGAP and neurofibromatosis type 1. Data were collected from 8 HGAP patients treated at two tertiary care institutions between January 2020 and October 2023. Demographic details, clinical records, management, and tumor molecular profiles were analyzed. Tumor characteristics, including location and imaging features on MR imaging, were reviewed. Clinical or imaging features suggestive of neurofibromatosis 1 or the presence of "
8321,brain tumour,38485196,Compressed Sensitivity Encoding Artificial Intelligence Accelerates Brain Metastasis Imaging by Optimizing Image Quality and Reducing Scan Time.,Accelerating the image acquisition speed of MR imaging without compromising the image quality is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of contrast-enhanced (CE) 3D T1WI and CE 3D-FLAIR sequences reconstructed with compressed sensitivity encoding artificial intelligence (CS-AI) for detecting brain metastases (BM) and explore the optimal acceleration factor (AF) for clinical BM imaging.
8322,brain tumour,38484970,Infrasellar Nasopharyngeal Craniopharyngiomas: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis and Review of the Literature.,"Craniopharyngiomas are benign tumors of the anterior skull base arising from epithelial remnants of Rathke pouch. They mainly occur in the suprasellar space, can be incredibly debilitating, and remain difficult to resect as they frequently involve critical neurovascular structures. Although it is embryologically possible for craniopharyngiomas to arise extracranially along the entire migrational path of Rathke pouch, these remain exceedingly rare, especially among adults, and can be mistaken for nasopharyngeal cancer. As such, minimal data exist evaluating the management and outcomes of such lesions. We evaluated our institutional experience with purely infrasellar nasopharyngeal craniopharyngiomas and obtained individual patient data reported in the contemporary literature to better characterize the demographics, presentation, surgical management, and long-term outcomes of these lesions."
8323,brain tumour,38484692,Anti-PD-(L)1 plus BRAF/MEK inhibitors (triplet therapy) after failure of immune checkpoint inhibition and targeted therapy in patients with advanced melanoma.,"Effective treatment options are limited for patients with advanced melanoma who have progressed on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and targeted therapies (TT). Preclinical models support the combination of ICI with TT; however, clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of triplet combinations in first-line setting showed limited advantage compared to TT only."
8324,brain tumour,38484638,Quantum dots-based multiplexed immunosensors for accurate diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in childhood.,"Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) lacks objective diagnostic markers. In clinical settings, reliance on subjective judgments can often lead to missed or misdiagnoses. Some biomarkers have been reported to be associated with ADHD, but using one biomarker alone is not enough. To address this, we developed a fluorescent immunoassay platform based on quantum dots (QDs) to detect assay capable of detecting and quantifying multiple biomarkers simultaneously. Specifically, we were able to the simultaneously detect brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and ferritin using different emission spectra QDs. The QD-based multiplexed immunoassay displayed a low detection of limit in the range of 0.021-0.068 pg/mL, and the assay showed satisfactory reproducibility and precision. We then quantified all four targets from ADHD patient's plasma samples, where it showed remarkable consistency with clinical test for ADHD diagnosis. This methodological comparison supports the diagnosis of ADHD using our assay."
8325,brain tumour,38484626,Silibinin is a suppressor of the metastasis-promoting transcription factor ID3.,ID3 (inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation-3) is a transcription factor that enables metastasis by promoting stem cell-like properties in endothelial and tumor cells. The milk thistle flavonolignan silibinin is a phytochemical with anti-metastatic potential through largely unknown mechanisms.
8326,brain tumour,38484610,Oxidized/unmodified-polyethylene microplastics neurotoxicity in mice: Perspective from microbiota-gut-brain axis.,"Microplastics (MPs) are inevitably oxidized in the environment, and their potential toxicity to organisms has attracted wide attention. However, the neurotoxicity and mechanism of oxidized polyethylene (Ox-PE) MPs to organisms remain unclear. Herein, we prepared oxidized low-density polyethylene (Ox-LDPE) and established a model of MPs exposure by continuously orally gavage of C57BL/6 J mice with LDPE-MPs/Ox-LDPE-MPs for 28 days with or without oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum DP189 and galactooligosaccharides (DP189&GOS). The experimental results indicated that LDPE-MPs or Ox-LDPE-MPs caused several adverse effects in mice, mainly manifested by behavioral changes, disruption of the intestinal and blood-brain barrier (BBB), and simultaneous oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, and pathological damage in the brain and intestines. Brain transcriptomic analysis revealed that the cholinergic synaptic signaling pathways, which affect cognitive function, were significantly disrupted after exposure to LDPE-MPs or Ox-LDPE-MPs. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western Blotting results further demonstrated that the critical genes (Slc5a7, Chat and Slc18a3) and proteins (Chat and Slc18a3) in the cholinergic synaptic signaling pathway were significantly down-regulated after exposure to LDPE-MPs or Ox-LDPE-MPs. These alterations lead to reduced acetylcholine concentration, which causes cognitive dysfunction in mice. Importantly, the DP189&GOS interventions effectively mitigated the MPs-induced cognitive dysfunction and intestinal microbiota alteration, improved intestinal and BBB integrity, attenuated the oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and also saw a rebound in the release of acetylcholine. These results indicated that LDPE-MPs and Ox-LDPE-MPs exert neurotoxic effects on mice by inducing oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and dysregulation of cholinergic signaling pathways in the mouse brain. That probiotic supplementation is effective in attenuating MPs-induced neurotoxicity in mice. Overall, this study reveals the potential mechanisms of neurotoxicity of LDPE-MPs and Ox-LDPE-MPs on mice and their improvement measures, necessary to assess the potential risks of plastic contaminants to human health."
8327,brain tumour,38484378,[The importance and areas of modern supportive and early integrated palliative care in the treatment of brain tumor patients].,"During the care of brain tumor patients, supportive care and palliation are carried out in an individualized manner, accompanied by adequate communication, in a multidisciplinary professional environment. In the case of brain tumor patients, the burden of symptoms resulting from the progression of the disease and the complications of treatments occur in a particularly high proportion. The supportive care of patients in a modern approach covers the targeted treatment of physical and psychosocial problems and also includes integrated palliation. Palliative care is a form of care that can be used in addition to curative therapies, and it is advisable and necessary to introduce it as early as possible among brain tumor patients due to the significant deterioration of the quality of life. Dealing with seriously ill patients on a daily basis is also an emotional burden for the professional staff, and carries the risk of burnout. The support of the staff and family members, as well as the issues of adequate communication, are also part of the scope of the supportive care approach."
8328,brain tumour,38484377,[Systemic treatment of adult gliomas: a narrative review].,"Gliomas are considered as locally aggressive diseases, consequently, surgery and radiotherapy are the basic therapies of the glial tumors. Nevertheless, the long-term ineffectiveness of the local treatment modalities and the frequently observed relapses explain the unmet medical need for the elaboration of effective systemic treatment regimes. In the last few decades of the 20th century, the use of different chemotherapeutic agents and their combinations, and the alternative administration of drugs have been in the therapeutic forefront of gliomas, whereas, later, in the first years of this century temozolomide was introduced to the everyday clinical practice as the most effective ""anti-glioma"" medicine, and it is still widely used both in monotherapy and in different combinations. Nevertheless, in the last two decades, considering the recognition of different predictive molecular markers, different targeted therapies, e.g. VEGFR inhibitor agents were also introduced into the routine clinical practice, and there have been promising results published in immunotherapy trials in the recent years, as well. Besides the promising results with the novel systemic therapies, it should be emphasized that both in the primary and the salvage care of the glial tumors the most effective treatment options are the individualized combinations of local and systemic treatment modalities, with the proper interpretation of brain imaging data and patient-centered clinical management."
8329,brain tumour,38484376,[The role of whole brain irradiation nowadays: more or less or different?].,"In patients with poor performance status (KPS<50), ineligibility for effective systemic treatment and multiple brain metastases (BM) best supportive care is the preferred treatment over whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). WBRT should be considered for the treatment of non-limited number (>4) brain metastases, depending on the patient's life expectancy, neurological symptoms, size, number and location of brain metastases, indication, type and availability of systemic therapy. In these patients if life expectancy is >4 months without small cell histology and without hippocampal lesions, hippocampal sparing WBRT with or without memantine is recommended. Simultaneous integrated boost for the BM is a logical and supportable concept. Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is still recommended in small cell lung cancer patients with complete remission. Hippocampal sparing WBRT needs further validation in this indication."
8330,brain tumour,38484375,[Stereotactic radiosurgery of brain tumors].,"Stereotactic radiosurgery is today a well-established treatment modality for various intracranial pathologies. The principle of high dose focused intracranial radiation guided by stereotactic technique (""Gamma Knife"") was introduced by the Swedish neurosurgeon Prof. Lars Leksell in 1968. After the advent of CT and later MR imaging, stereotactic radiosurgery evolved rapidly regarding indications, and new technical solutions made it possible for linear accelerator systems to perform radiosurgery. A huge number of patients are treated yearly worldwide with this technology. In this article we overview the major indications, advantages and possible complications of stereotactic radiosurgery."
8331,brain tumour,38484373,[Neurosurgical treatment of tumors of the pineal region - literature review and overview of cases at OMIII].,"Pineal region tumors account for less than 1% of adult supratentorial tumors. Their treatment requires a multimodality approach. Previously, the treatment of choice was direct surgery, which is associated with high surgical risk. Advances in minimally invasive techniques and onco-radiotherapy offer a safe and multimodal personalized therapy. The aim of our study was to describe the practice of our Institute based on combined endoscopic and radiotherapy techniques. We performed a retrospective clinical study. We processed data from 23 adult patients who underwent endoscopic third ventricle fenestration and pineal tumor biopsy between 2014 and 2023. Descriptive statistics, t-test, Fisher's exact test and Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed. Clinical improvement with endoscopic intervention was achieved in 78.3% of cases. Significant increase in preoperative performance status was observed in the postoperative period (p=2.755e-5), and radiotherapy resulted in regression or stable disease. Our results suggest a safe treatment with good clinical outcome and an excellent alternative to direct surgery."
8332,brain tumour,38484372,[Brain tumor surgery in adults.].,"Despite the advanced medical and radiation therapy, the role of surgical resection of brain neoplasms still remains indisputable. The maximal safe resection of benign brain tumors may result in complete recovery of the patient. Surgery of malignant tumors can resolve mass effect, improve the neurological condition of the patient providing the possibility for further complex oncotherapy based on molecular level histopathology results. The advances in technical and multidisciplinary environment of brain tumor surgery facilitate more radical and safer resection resulting in better outcomes and preservation of quality of life, even in case of tumors which were considered inoperable until recently. In this review we present the recent technical innovations used in brain tumor surgery and discuss the surgical strategy of the most common tumor types (gliomas, meningiomas, cranial nerve tumors and brain metastases). The surgical management of complex skull base tumors, pituitary tumors, as well as neuro-endoscopic surgery and pediatric brain tumors are discussed in other papers of this special issue."
8333,brain tumour,38484371,[Intra- and perioperative imaging options in neurosurgery].,"The treatment of central nervous system tumors is still a major challenge for the oncological and neurosurgical teams. Due to the heterogeneous histological and topological characteristics of these neoplasms, every case requires individual evaluation. In addition to histology and stage, survival is largely determined by the extent of resection, which can be severely limited by the proximity of eloquent brain regions. A key component of current modern neuro-oncological care is the planning and execution of surgical intervention to ensure the longest possible progression-free survival with adequate quality of life. The simultaneous development of several pre- and intra-operative imaging modalities is making optimal therapy more and more accessible and safe. Structural, diffusion and functional MRI offers the possibility to visualize the tumor and the surrounding areas both before and during surgery. For the surgeon, the optimal intra-operative environment, orientation and visual acuity are provided by increasingly sophisticated microscopes, navigation devices, intra-operative imaging equipment, endo- and exoscopes."
8334,brain tumour,38484308,"Re: ""Evaluating the Diagnostic Efficacy of ",No abstract found
8335,brain tumour,38484298,Deciphering Breast Cancer Metastasis Cascade: A Systems Biology Approach Integrating Transcriptome and Interactome Insights for Target Discovery.,"Breast cancer is the lead cause of cancer-related deaths among women globally. Breast cancer metastasis is a complex and still inadequately understood process and a key dimension of mortality attendant to breast cancer. This study reports dysregulated genes across metastatic stages and tissues, shedding light on their molecular interplay in disease pathogenesis and new possibilities for drug discovery. Comprehensive analyses of gene expression data from primary breast tumor, circulating tumor cells, and distant metastatic sites in the brain, lung, liver, and bone were conducted. Genes dysregulated across multiple stages and tissues were identified as metastatic cascade genes, and are further classified based on functional associations with metastasis-related mechanisms. Their interactions with HUB genes in interactome networks were scrutinized, followed by pathway enrichment analysis. Validation for their potential as targets included assessments for survival, druggability, prognostic marker status, secretome annotation, protein expression, and cell type marker association. Results displayed critical genes in the metastatic cascade and those specific to metastatic sites, revealing the involvement of the collagen degradation and assembly of collagen fibrils and other multimeric structure pathways in driving metastasis. Notably, pivotal cascade genes "
8336,brain tumour,38484218,Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Kelch-Like Protein-11 IgG Brainstem Encephalitis.,Kelch-like protein-11 (KLHL11)-IgG is associated with rhombencephalitis and seminoma. It has not previously been described as a neurologic immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related adverse event (nirAE) or in association with esophageal adenocarcinoma.
8337,brain tumour,38484195,"Real-World Treatment Patterns and Clinical Outcomes After Platinum-Doublet Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multiregional Chart Review in the United States, Europe, and Japan.","To characterize treatment patterns and real-world clinical outcomes of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) who developed progression on an anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1, herein referred to as anti-PD-(L)1, and platinum-doublet chemotherapy."
8338,brain tumour,38484191,Artificial Intelligence-Based Radiotherapy Contouring and Planning to Improve Global Access to Cancer Care.,"Increased automation has been identified as one approach to improving global cancer care. The Radiation Planning Assistant (RPA) is a web-based tool offering automated radiotherapy (RT) contouring and planning to low-resource clinics. In this study, the RPA workflow and clinical acceptability were assessed by physicians around the world."
8339,brain tumour,38484173,How Microbubble-Enhanced Shock Waves Promote the Delivery of Lipid-siRNA across Neuronal Plasma Membrane: A Computational Study.,"In this computational study, we examine the potential of microbubble-enhanced shock waves to improve the delivery of lipid-siRNA nanoparticles across neuronal plasma membranes with the ultimate aim of enhancing brain tumor treatment. We critically evaluate several variables related to experiments, including the bubble size, the shock speed and action time, and the amount of siRNA encapsulated in the liposome. Our findings reveal that microbubble-enhanced shock waves are essential for the high delivery of small lipid vesicles (under 30 nm diameter); its corresponding variables significantly impact drug penetration and absorption rates and influence the overall efficacy of the drug delivery system. Long-time recovery simulations further provide valuable insights into the self-healing ability of the plasma membrane following shock wave exposure and the subsequent absorption dynamics of siRNA. This work provides the dynamic process of siRNA released from lipid vesicles with shock wave and nanobubbles, thereby serving as a molecular mechanism support for developing tunable delivery systems for RNA-based therapy in brain tumors."
8340,brain tumour,38484137,Glofitamab stimulates immune cell infiltration of CNS tumors and induces clinical responses in secondary CNS lymphoma.,"Although CD20×CD3 bispecific antibodies are effective against systemic B-cell lymphomas, their efficacy in central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma is unknown. Here, we report the CD20×CD3 bispecific glofitamab penetrates the blood-brain barrier, stimulates immune-cell infiltration of CNS tumors, and induces clinical responses in patients with secondary CNS."
8341,brain tumour,38483762,Pituitary tumours without distinct lineage differentiation express stem cell marker SOX2.,"The recent WHO 2022 Classification of pituitary tumours identified a novel group of 'plurihormonal tumours without distinct lineage differentiation (WDLD)'. By definition, these express multiple combinations of lineage commitment transcription factors, in a monomorphous population of cells."
8342,brain tumour,38483711,Advancing brain tumor classification through MTAP model: an innovative approach in medical diagnostics.,"The early diagnosis of brain tumors is critical in the area of healthcare, owing to the potentially life-threatening repercussions unstable growths within the brain can pose to individuals. The accurate and early diagnosis of brain tumors enables prompt medical intervention. In this context, we have established a new model called MTAP to enable a highly accurate diagnosis of brain tumors. The MTAP model addresses dataset class imbalance by utilizing the ADASYN method, employs a network pruning technique to reduce unnecessary weights and nodes in the neural network, and incorporates Avg-TopK pooling method for enhanced feature extraction. The primary goal of our research is to enhance the accuracy of brain tumor type detection, a critical aspect of medical imaging and diagnostics. The MTAP model introduces a novel classification strategy for brain tumors, leveraging the strength of deep learning methods and novel model refinement techniques. Following comprehensive experimental studies and meticulous design, the MTAP model has achieved a state-of-the-art accuracy of 99.69%. Our findings indicate that the use of deep learning and innovative model refinement techniques shows promise in facilitating the early detection of brain tumors. Analysis of the model's heat map revealed a notable focus on regions encompassing the parietal and temporal lobes."
8343,brain tumour,38483655,Antitumoral Activity of Cecropia Pachystachya Leaves Extract in Vitro and in Vivo Model of Rat Glioma: Brain and Blood Effects.,"The aim of this study was to investigate the antiglioma effect of Cecropia pachystachya Trécul (CEC) leaves extract against C6 and U87 glioblastoma (GB) cells and in a rat preclinical GB model. The CEC extract reduced in vitro cell viability and biomass. In vivo, the extract decreased the tumor volume approximately 62%, without inducing systemic toxicity. The deficit in locomotion and memory and an anxiolytic-like behaviors induced in the GB model were minimized by CEC. The extract decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species, nitrites and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in platelets, sera and brains of GB animals. The activity of NTPDases, 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) was evaluated in lymphocytes, platelets and serum. In platelets, ATP and AMP hydrolysis was reduced and hydrolysis of ADP and the activity of ADA were increased in the control, while in CEC-treated animals no alteration in the hydrolysis of ADP was detected. In serum, the reduction in ATP hydrolysis was reversed by CEC. In lymphocytes, the increase in the hydrolysis of ATP, ADP and in the activity of ADA observed in GB model was altered by CEC administration. The observed increase in IL-6 and decrease in IL-10 levels in the serum of GB animals was reversed by CEC. These results demonstrate that CEC extract is a potential complementary treatment to GB, decreasing the tumor size, while modulating aspects of redox and purinergic systems."
8344,brain tumour,38483604,Unveiling the role of PYGB in pancreatic cancer: a novel diagnostic biomarker and gene therapy target.,"Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant tumor that poses a severe threat to human health. Brain glycogen phosphorylase (PYGB) breaks down glycogen and provides an energy source for tumor cells. Although PYGB has been reported in several tumors, its role in PC remains unclear."
8345,brain tumour,38483541,OGDH and Bcl-xL loss causes synthetic lethality in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) remains an incurable disease, requiring more effective therapies. Through interrogation of publicly available CRISPR and RNAi library screens, we identified the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) gene, which encodes an enzyme that is part of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, as essential for GBM growth. Moreover, by combining transcriptome and metabolite screening analyses, we discovered that loss of function of OGDH by the clinically validated drug compound CPI-613 was synthetically lethal with Bcl-xL inhibition (genetically and through the clinically validated BH3 mimetic, ABT263) in patient-derived xenografts as well neurosphere GBM cultures. CPI-613-mediated energy deprivation drove an integrated stress response with an upregulation of the BH3-only domain protein, Noxa, in an ATF4-dependent manner, as demonstrated by genetic loss-of-function experiments. Consistently, silencing of Noxa attenuated cell death induced by CPI-613 in model systems of GBM. In patient-derived xenograft models of GBM in mice, the combination treatment of ABT263 and CPI-613 suppressed tumor growth and extended animal survival more potently than each compound on its own. Therefore, combined inhibition of Bcl-xL along with disruption of the TCA cycle might be a treatment strategy for GBM."
8346,brain tumour,38483275,,"Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women and a major source of brain metastases. Despite the increasing incidence of brain metastasis from breast cancer, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Altered glycosylation is known to play a role in various diseases including cancer metastasis. However, profiling studies of "
8347,brain tumour,38482990,Ligand-gated ion channels as potential biomarkers for ADT-mediated cognitive decline in prostate cancer patients.,"Men with prostate cancer are at increased risk of developing cognitive decline by the use of second-generation androgen signaling inhibitors. To date, reliable and sensitive biomarkers that could distinguish men at high risk of cognitive dysfunction under androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) have not been characterized. We used high-throughput transcriptional profiling utilizing human prostate cancer cell culture models mimicking ADT, biomarker selection using minimal common oncology data elements-cytoscape, and bioinformatic analyses employing Advaita® iPathwayGuide and DisGeNET for identification of disease-related gene associations. Validation analysis of genes was performed on brain neuronal and glial cells by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Our systematic analysis of androgen deprivation-associated genes involved multiple biological processes, including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, axon guidance, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and metabolic and cancer signaling pathways. Genes associated with neuroreceptor ligand interaction, including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A and B receptors and nuclear core proteins, were identified as top upstream regulators. Functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction network analysis highlighted the role of ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) and their receptors in cognitive dysfunction. Gene-disease association assigned forgetfulness, intellectual disability, visuospatial deficit, bipolar disorder, and other neurocognitive impairment with upregulation of type-1 angiotensin II receptor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, GABA type B receptor subunit 2 (GABBR2), GABRA3, GABRA5, GABRB1, glycine receptor beta, glutamate ionotropic receptor N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) type subunit 1, glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2D, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D, interferon beta 1, and nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 as top differentially expressed genes. Validation studies of brain glial cells, neurons, and patients on ADT demonstrated the association of these genes with cognitive decline. Our findings highlight LGICs as potential biomarkers for ADT-mediated cognitive decline. Further validation of these biomarkers may lead to future practical clinical use."
8348,brain tumour,38482966,Surgical excision and radiotherapy for brain metastasis from colorectal cancer: How frailty and comorbidity indices influence outcome.,"The incidence of brain metastasis (BM) from colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing. This study aims to identify the clinical prognosticators and evaluate the prognostic validity of common comorbidity indices in patients with BM from CRC. This retrospective single-center study analyzed 93 patients with BM from CRC who received surgical excision and/or radiotherapy. The clinical characteristics and prognostic indices including the 5-item modified frailty index (mFI-5) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were calculated from the collected patient data and analyzed. In this study, 66 (71.0%), 10 (10.8%), and 17 (18.3%) patients received whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) alone, surgery alone, and surgery plus WBRT, respectively. The median survival of all patients was 3.98 months (IQR: 1.74-7.99). The 2- and 3-year survival rates were 7.4% and 3.7%, respectively. Controlled primary tumor (p = 0.048), solitary BM (p = 0.001), surgery + radiation (p < 0.001), and greater PNI (p = 0.001) were independent predictors of favorable survival. In surgically treated patients, uncontrolled primary tumor (p = 0.006), presence of multiple BM (p < 0.001), and MFI-5 ≥ 2 (p = 0.038) were independent prognosticators. For patients who received WBRT, the presence of two (p = 0.004) or multiple (p < 0.001) BM and PNI (p < 0.001) were independent survival predictors MFI-5, multiple BM, and the status of the primary tumor were independent prognosticators for patients who underwent surgery for CRCBM. For patients who received WBRT, the PNI and the number of BM were independent survival predictors."
8349,brain tumour,38482961,Cochlear Implantation in Neurofibromatosis Type 2-Related Schwannomatosis: Long-Term Hearing Outcomes.,To evaluate long-term hearing outcomes following cochlear implantation in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 and ipsilateral vestibular schwannoma.
8350,brain tumour,38482902,Folic acid-decorated astrocytes-derived exosomes enhanced the effect of temozolomide against glioma.,A direct strategy to achieve specific treatments and reduce side effects is through cell type-specific drug delivery. Exosomes (Exos) can be modified with folic acid (FA) to prepare drug delivery systems targeting tumor cells that highly express FA receptors. This study aimed to produce an exo drug delivery system with FA decoration and temozolomide (TMZ) loading to improve the sustained TMZ release and targeting. We used DSPE-PEG
8351,brain tumour,38482823,Accelerated transcranial magnetic stimulation for psychological distress in advanced cancer: A phase 2a feasibility and preliminary efficacy clinical trial.,"Psychological and existential suffering affects many people with advanced illness, and current therapeutic options have limited effectiveness. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a safe and effective therapy for refractory depression, but no previous study has used rTMS to treat psychological or existential distress in the palliative setting."
8352,brain tumour,38482552,Regulation of astrocyte metabolism by mitochondrial translocator protein 18 kDa.,The mitochondrial translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) has been linked to functions from steroidogenesis to regulation of cellular metabolism and is an attractive therapeutic target for chronic CNS inflammation. Studies in Leydig cells and microglia indicate that TSPO function may vary between cells depending on their specialized roles. Astrocytes are critical for providing trophic and metabolic support in the brain. Recent work has highlighted that TSPO expression increases in astrocytes under inflamed conditions and may drive astrocyte reactivity. Relatively little is known about the role TSPO plays in regulating astrocyte metabolism and whether this protein is involved in immunometabolic processes in these cells. Using TSPO-deficient (TSPO
8353,brain tumour,38482521,How Precise are Nanomedicines in Overcoming the Blood-Brain Barrier? A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.,"New nanotechnology strategies for enhancing drug delivery in brain disorders have recently received increasing attention from drug designers. The treatment of neurological conditions, including brain tumors, stroke, Parkinson's Disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD), may be greatly influenced by nanotechnology. Numerous studies on neurodegeneration have demonstrated the effective application of nanomaterials in the treatment of brain illnesses. Nanocarriers (NCs) have made it easier to deliver drugs precisely to where they are needed. Thus, the most effective use of nanomaterials is in the treatment of various brain diseases, as this amplifies the overall impact of medication and emphasizes the significance of nanotherapeutics through gene therapy, enzyme replacement therapy, and blood-barrier mechanisms. Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of multifunctional nanotherapeutic agents, a promising treatment for brain disorders. This novel method reduces the side effects and improves treatment outcomes. This review critically assesses efficient nano-based systems in light of obstacles and outstanding achievements. Nanocarriers that transfer medications across the blood-brain barrier and nano-assisted therapies, including nano-immunotherapy, nano-gene therapy, nano enzyme replacement therapy, scaffolds, and 3D to 6D printing, have been widely explored for the treatment of brain disorders. This study aimed to evaluate existing literature regarding the use of nanotechnology in the development of drug delivery systems that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver therapeutic agents to treat various brain disorders."
8354,brain tumour,38482229,Neuroinflammation in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus precipitates visceral pain induced by pancreatic cancer in mice.,"Given the pivotal role of neuroinflammation in chronic pain and that the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) is a crucial brain region involved in visceral pain regulation, we sought to investigate whether the targeted modulation of microglia and astrocytes in the PVN could ameliorate pancreatic cancer-induced visceral pain (PCVP) in mice."
8355,brain tumour,38481999,Systemic and local immunosuppression in glioblastoma and its prognostic significance.,"The effectiveness of tumor therapy, especially immunotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy, critically depends on the activity of the host immune cells. However, various local and systemic mechanisms of immunosuppression operate in cancer patients. Tumor-associated immunosuppression involves deregulation of many components of immunity, including a decrease in the number of T lymphocytes (lymphopenia), an increase in the levels or ratios of circulating and tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive subsets [e.g., macrophages, microglia, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs)], as well as defective functions of subsets of antigen-presenting, helper and effector immune cell due to altered expression of various soluble and membrane proteins (receptors, costimulatory molecules, and cytokines). In this review, we specifically focus on data from patients with glioblastoma/glioma before standard chemoradiotherapy. We discuss glioblastoma-related immunosuppression at baseline and the prognostic significance of different subsets of circulating and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (lymphocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Tregs, natural killer (NK) cells, neutrophils, macrophages, MDSCs, and dendritic cells), including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), focus on the immune landscape and prognostic significance of isocitrate dehydrogenase ("
8356,brain tumour,38481945,Adult supratentorial extraventricular anaplastic ependymoma with cerebrospinal fluid dissemination metastases: a case report.,"Ependymomas mostly locate in the infratentorial region and often occur in children. Anaplastic ependymomas account for 45-47% of supratentorial and 15-17% of infratentorial ependymomas, also known as malignant ependymomas. Adult supratentorial extraventricular anaplastic ependymoma (SEAE) is rare in clinical practice, and only a few cases have been reported so far, and there is no clinical study with large sample size. We report a case of adult supratentorial extraventricular anaplastic ependymoma in the occipital lobe with cerebrospinal fluid dissemination metastases."
8357,brain tumour,38481938,Evaluating circulating tumour cell enrichment techniques to establish an appropriate method for clinical application in glioblastomas.,"Brain tumours reduce life expectancy for an average of 20 years per patient, the highest of any cancer. A third of brain tumour patients visit their GP at least five times before diagnosis and many of those are diagnosed late through emergency departments. A possible solution to this challenge is to utilise a ""liquid biopsy"" blood test designed for circulating tumour cells (CTCs). Such a test could be applied at a primary healthcare centre, contributing to informed decision making for diagnostic imaging referrals. Furthermore, it could also be applied at secondary health care centres for the ongoing monitoring of disease recurrence. There is increased interest in CTC enrichment methods as a potential approach for faster diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. The aim of this review to compare four CTC enrichment methods - OncoQuick"
8358,brain tumour,38481440,"Case report: Management of pediatric gigantism caused by the TADopathy, X-linked acrogigantism.",X-linked acrogigantism (X-LAG) is a rare form of pituitary gigantism that is associated with growth hormone (GH) and prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas/pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) that develop in infancy. It is caused by a duplication on chromosome Xq26.3 that leads to the misexpression of the gene 
8359,brain tumour,38481314,DNA hypomethylator phenotype reprograms glutamatergic network in receptor tyrosine kinase gene-mutated glioblastoma.,"DNA methylation is crucial for chromatin structure and gene expression and its aberrancies, including the global ""hypomethylator phenotype"", are associated with cancer. Here we show that an underlying mechanism for this phenotype in the large proportion of the highly lethal brain tumor glioblastoma (GBM) carrying receptor tyrosine kinase gene mutations, involves the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), that is critical for growth factor signaling. In this scenario, mTORC2 suppresses the expression of the de novo DNA methyltransferase (DNMT3A) thereby inducing genome-wide DNA hypomethylation. Mechanistically, mTORC2 facilitates a redistribution of EZH2 histone methyltransferase into the promoter region of DNMT3A, and epigenetically represses the expression of DNA methyltransferase. Integrated analyses in both orthotopic mouse models and clinical GBM samples indicate that the DNA hypomethylator phenotype consistently reprograms a glutamate metabolism network, eventually driving GBM cell invasion and survival. These results nominate mTORC2 as a novel regulator of DNA hypomethylation in cancer and an exploitable target against cancer-promoting epigenetics."
8360,brain tumour,38481255,Systematic review and pooled analysis of the impact of treatment-induced lymphopenia on survival of glioblastoma patients.,Treatment related lymphopenia is a known toxicity for glioblastoma (GBM) patients and several single-institution studies have linked lymphopenia with poor survival outcomes. We performed a systematic review and pooled analysis to evaluate the association between lymphopenia and overall survival (OS) for GBM patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT).
8361,brain tumour,38481068,Theory and application of TTFields in newly diagnosed glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. TTFields is a therapy that use intermediate-frequency and low-intensity alternating electric fields to treat tumors. For patients with ndGBM, the addition of TTFields after the concurrent chemoradiotherapy phase of the Stupp regimen can improve prognosis. However, TTFields still has the potential to further prolong the survival of ndGBM patients."
8362,brain tumour,38480976,Adeno-associated virus-mediated trastuzumab delivery to the central nervous system for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2+ brain metastasis.,"Trastuzumab improves overall survival for HER2+ breast cancer, but its short half-life in the cerebrospinal fluid (~2-4 days) and delivery limitations restrict the ability to target HER2+ central nervous system (CNS) disease. We developed an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector expressing a codon-optimized, ubiquitin C (UbC)-promoter-driven trastuzumab sequence (AAV9.UbC.trastuzumab) for intrathecal administration. Transgene expression was evaluated in adult Rag1 knockout mice and rhesus nonhuman primates (NHPs) after a single intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intra-cisterna magna (ICM) AAV9.UbC.trastuzumab injection, respectively, using real-time PCR, ELISA, Western blot, in situ hybridization, single-nucleus RNA sequencing, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; antitumor efficacy was evaluated in brain xenografts using HER2+ breast cancer cell lines (BT-474, MDA-MB-453). Transgene expression was detected in brain homogenates of Rag1 knockout mice following a single ICV injection of AAV9.UbC.trastuzumab (1 × 10"
8363,brain tumour,38480922,Intrathecal bivalent CAR T cells targeting EGFR and IL13Rα2 in recurrent glioblastoma: phase 1 trial interim results.,"Recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) remains a major unmet medical need, with a median overall survival of less than 1 year. Here we report the first six patients with rGBM treated in a phase 1 trial of intrathecally delivered bivalent chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13Rα2). The study's primary endpoints were safety and determination of the maximum tolerated dose. Secondary endpoints reported in this interim analysis include the frequency of manufacturing failures and objective radiographic response (ORR) according to modified Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria. All six patients had progressive, multifocal disease at the time of treatment. In both dose level 1 (1 ×10"
8364,brain tumour,38480690,Antibiotics treatment promotes vasculogenesis in the brain of glioma-bearing mice.,"In recent years, several studies described the close relationship between the composition of gut microbiota and brain functions, highlighting the importance of gut-derived metabolites in mediating neuronal and glial cells cross-talk in physiological and pathological condition. Gut dysbiosis may affects cerebral tumors growth and progression, but the specific metabolites involved in this modulation have not been identified yet. Using a syngeneic mouse model of glioma, we have investigated the role of dysbiosis induced by the administration of non-absorbable antibiotics on mouse metabolome and on tumor microenvironment. We report that antibiotics treatment induced: (1) alteration of the gut and brain metabolome profiles; (2) modeling of tumor microenvironment toward a pro-angiogenic phenotype in which microglia and glioma cells are actively involved; (3) increased glioma stemness; (4) trans-differentiation of glioma cells into endothelial precursor cells, thus increasing vasculogenesis. We propose glycine as a metabolite that, in ABX-induced dysbiosis, shapes brain microenvironment and contributes to glioma growth and progression."
8365,brain tumour,38480549,Permanent deterioration of fine motor skills after the resection of tumors in the supplementary motor area.,"Supplementary motor area syndrome (SMAS) represents a common neurosurgical sequela. The incidence and time frame of its occurrence have yet to be characterized after surgery for brain tumors. We examined patients suffering from a brain tumor preoperatively, postoperatively, and during follow-up examinations after three months, including fine motor skills testing and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). 13 patients suffering from a tumor in the dorsal part of the superior frontal gyrus underwent preoperative, early postoperative, and 3-month follow-up testing of fine motor skills using the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JHFT) and the Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT) consisting of 8 subtests for both upper extremities. They completed TMS for cortical motor function mapping. Test completion times (TCTs) were recorded and compared. No patient suffered from neurological deficits before surgery. On postoperative day one, we detected motor deficits in two patients, which remained clinically stable at a 3-month follow-up. Except for page-turning, every subtest indicated a significant worsening of function, reflected by longer TCTs (p < 0.05) in the postoperative examinations for the contralateral upper extremity (contralateral to the tumor manifestation). At 3-month follow-up examinations for the contralateral upper extremity, each subtest indicated significant worsening compared to the preoperative status despite improvement to the immediate postoperative level. We also detected significantly longer TCTs (p < 0.05) postoperatively in the ipsilateral upper extremity. This study suggests a long-term worsening of fine motor skills even three months after SMA tumor resection, indicating the necessity of targeted physical therapy for these patients."
8366,brain tumour,38480538,Effect of deep learning-based reconstruction on high-resolution three-dimensional T2-weighted fast asymmetric spin-echo imaging in the preoperative evaluation of cerebellopontine angle tumors.,We aimed to evaluate the effect of deep learning-based reconstruction (DLR) on high-spatial-resolution three-dimensional T2-weighted fast asymmetric spin-echo (HR-3D T2-FASE) imaging in the preoperative evaluation of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors.
8367,brain tumour,38480528,Application of nanoformulations as a strategy to optimize chemotherapeutic treatment of glioblastoma: a systematic review.,"The aim of this review was to explore the advances of nanoformulations as a strategy to optimize glioblastoma treatment, specifically focusing on targeting and controlling drug delivery systems to the tumor. This review followed the PRISMA recommendations. The studies were selected through a literature search conducted in the electronic databases PubMed Central, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science, in April 2023, using the equation descriptors: (nanocapsule OR nanoformulation) AND (glioblastoma). Forty-seven investigations included were published between 2011 and 2023 to assess the application of different nanoformulations to optimize delivery of chemotherapies including temozolomide, carmustine, vincristine or cisplatin previously employed in brain tumor therapy, as well as investigating another 10 drugs. Data demonstrated the possible application of different matrices employed as nanocarriers and utilization of functionalizing agents to improve internalization of chemotherapeutics. Functionalization was developed with the application of peptides, micronutrients/vitamins, antibodies and siRNAs. Finally, this review demonstrated the practical and clinical application of nanocarriers to deliver multiple drugs in glioblastoma models. These nanomodels might ideally be developed using functionalizing ligand agents that preferably act synergistically with the drug these agents carry. The findings showed promising results, making nanoformulations one of the best prospects for innovation and improvement of glioblastoma treatment."
8368,brain tumour,38480275,Upregulation of HLA-II related to LAG-3,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant diffuse glioma of the brain. Although immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as programmed cell death protein (PD)-1/PD ligand-1 inhibitors, has revolutionized the treatment of several cancers, the clinical benefit in GBM patients has been limited. Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) binding to human leukocyte antigen-II (HLA-II) plays an essential role in triggering CD4"
8369,brain tumour,38480073,Brain metastasis as a first clinical presentation of endometrial cancer: A case report.,No abstract found
8370,brain tumour,38479644,Implications of DNA Methylation Classification in Diagnosing Ependymoma.,"Ependymoma is a central nervous system (CNS) tumor that arises from the ependymal cells of the brain's ventricles and spinal cord. The histopathology of ependymomas is indistinguishable regardless of the site of origin, and the prognosis varies. Recent studies have revealed that the development site and prognosis reflect the genetic background. In this study, we used genome-wide DNA methylation array analysis to investigate the epigenetic background of ependymomas from different locations treated at our hospital."
8371,brain tumour,38479640,A Novel Foley Catheter-Based Brain Retraction Method for the Interhemispheric Approach: Technical Considerations and an Illustrative Video.,"Management of interhemispheric pathologies requires surgical intervention through a restricted anatomical corridor ensconced within critical cerebral structures. The use of retractors to facilitate operative access may cause damage to cerebral tissue. The development of an innovative retraction technique designed to alleviate cerebral damage in such cases is imperative. In this study, we present a novel and gentle retraction method to facilitate the interhemisferic approach."
8372,brain tumour,38479621,New sesquiterpenoids with neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo from the Picrasma chinensis.,"Three undescribed sesquiterpenes, designed as pichinenoid A-C (1-3), along with nine known ones (4-12) were isolated from the stems and leaves of Picrasma chinensis. The new isolates including their absolute configurations were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic methods, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) experiments, as well as comparison with literature data. Structurally, compounds 1 and 2 are descending sesquiterpenes, while pichinenoid C (3) is a rare sesquiterpene bearing a 2-methylenebut-3-enoic acid moiety at the C-6 side chain. All the isolated compounds were tested for their neuroprotective effects against the H"
8373,brain tumour,38479554,Social isolation induces intestinal barrier disorder and imbalances gut microbiota in mice.,"Social isolation, a known stressor, can have detrimental effects on both physical and mental health. Recent scientific attention has been drawn to the gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication system between the central nervous system and gut microbiota, suggesting that gut microbes may influence brain function. This study aimed to explore the impact of social isolation on the intestinal barrier and gut microbiota. 40 male BALB/c mice were either individually housed or kept in groups for 8 and 15 weeks. Socially isolated mice exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior, with significant differences between the 8-week and 15-week isolation groups (P < 0.05). After 8 weeks of isolation, there was a reduction in tight junction protein expression in the intestinal mechanical barrier. Furthermore, after 15 weeks of isolation, both tight junction protein and mucin expression, key components of the intestinal chemical barrier, decreased. This was accompanied by a substantial increase in inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 mRNA, IL-10, and TNF-α) in colon tissue in the 15-week isolated group (P < 0.05). Additionally, Illumina MiSequencing revealed significant alterations in the gut microbiota of socially isolated mice, including reduced Firmicutes and Bacteroides compared to the control group. Lactobacillus levels also decreased in the socially isolated mice."
8374,brain tumour,38479552,Hypoxia-induced TREM1 promotes mesenchymal-like states of glioma stem cells via alternatively activating tumor-associated macrophages.,"The mesenchymal subtype of glioblastoma (GBM) cells characterized by aggressive invasion and therapeutic resistance is thought to be dependent on cell-intrinsic alteration and extrinsic cellular crosstalk. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are pivotal in tumor progression, chemo-resistance, angiogenesis, and stemness maintenance. However, the impact of TAMs on the shifts in glioma stem cells (GSCs) states remains largely uncovered. Herein, we showed that the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM1) preferentially expressed by M2-like TAMs and induced GSCs into mesenchymal-like states by modulating the secretion of TGFβ2, which activated the TGFβR/SMAD2/3 signaling in GSCs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TREM1 was transcriptionally regulated by HIF1a under the hypoxic environment and thus promoted an immunosuppressive type of TAMs via activating the TLR2/AKT/mTOR/c-MYC axis. Collectively, this study reveals that cellular communication between TAMs and GSCs through the TREM1-mediated TGFβ2/TGFβR axis is involved in the mesenchymal-like transitions of GSCs. Our study provides valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms between the tumor immune microenvironment and the malignant characteristics of GBM, which can lead to potential novel strategies targeting TAMs for tumor control."
8375,brain tumour,38479491,Dynamic monitoring of radiation-induced white matter microstructure injury in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via high-angular resolution diffusion imaging.,To investigate white matter microstructural abnormalities caused by radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients using MRI high-angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI).
8376,brain tumour,38479439,The immune cell transcriptome is modulated by vitamin D,Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for developing multiple sclerosis. The PrevANZ trial was conducted to determine if vitamin D
8377,brain tumour,38479191,Advancing glioblastoma treatment by targeting metabolism.,"Alterations in cellular metabolism are important hallmarks of glioblastoma(GBM). Metabolic reprogramming is a critical feature as it meets the higher nutritional demand of tumor cells, including proliferation, growth, and survival. Many genes, proteins, and metabolites associated with GBM metabolism reprogramming have been found to be aberrantly expressed, which may provide potential targets for cancer treatment. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to explore the role of internal and external factors in metabolic regulation in order to identify more precise therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for GBM. In this review, we define the metabolic characteristics of GBM, investigate metabolic specificities such as targetable vulnerabilities and therapeutic resistance, as well as present current efforts to target GBM metabolism to improve the standard of care."
8378,brain tumour,38478262,Bevacizumab improved prognosis for advanced EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma with brain metastasis receiving cerebral radiotherapy.,"This study aimed to determine whether the combined use of bevacizumab could improve overall survival (OS) in patients with brain metastasis (BM), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing cerebral radiotherapy."
8379,brain tumour,38478188,GA-UNet: A Lightweight Ghost and Attention U-Net for Medical Image Segmentation.,"U-Net has demonstrated strong performance in the field of medical image segmentation and has been adapted into various variants to cater to a wide range of applications. However, these variants primarily focus on enhancing the model's feature extraction capabilities, often resulting in increased parameters and floating point operations (Flops). In this paper, we propose GA-UNet (Ghost and Attention U-Net), a lightweight U-Net for medical image segmentation. GA-UNet consists mainly of lightweight GhostV2 bottlenecks that reduce redundant information and Convolutional Block Attention Modules that capture key features. We evaluate our model on four datasets, including CVC-ClinicDB, 2018 Data Science Bowl, ISIC-2018, and BraTS 2018 low-grade gliomas (LGG). Experimental results show that GA-UNet outperforms other state-of-the-art (SOTA) models, achieving an F1-score of 0.934 and a mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 0.882 on CVC-ClinicDB, an F1-score of 0.922 and a mIoU of 0.860 on the 2018 Data Science Bowl, an F1-score of 0.896 and a mIoU of 0.825 on ISIC-2018, and an F1-score of 0.896 and a mIoU of 0.853 on BraTS 2018 LGG. Additionally, GA-UNet has fewer parameters (2.18M) and lower Flops (4.45G) than other SOTA models, which further demonstrates the superiority of our model."
8380,brain tumour,38478067,"Recurrent primary intracranial sarcoma, DICER1-mutant in a pediatric patient with DICER1 syndrome: the importance of molecular testing.","Pediatric intracranial sarcomas are rare, aggressive tumors with a poor prognosis in general. Here we report the case of a child who was initially diagnosed with a primary intracranial sarcoma, DICER1-mutant; subsequent genetic analyses confirmed a pathogenic germline DICER1 mutation. She received multimodal standard treatments consisting of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The tumor recurred 2.5 years later within the surgical cavity. Following the gross tumor resection of this new lesion, the same multimodal standard approach was used. From a molecular perspective, evidence of hyperactivation of the MAPK-kinase pathway with a pathogenic KRAS mutation at both diagnosis and recurrence was present. The patient is currently in remission, 18 months post-end of treatment."
8381,brain tumour,38478066,Nimotuzumab-vinorelbine combination therapy versus other regimens in the treatment of pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.,Pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a fatal disease associated with a median survival of < 1 year despite aggressive treatments. This retrospective study analyzed the treatment outcomes of patients aged < 18 years who were diagnosed with DIPG between 2012 and 2022 and who received different chemotherapy regimens.
8382,brain tumour,38477556,Patient-Derived Blood-Brain Barrier Model for Screening Copper Bis(thiosemicarbazone) Complexes as Potential Therapeutics in Alzheimer's Disease.,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia characterized by a progressive cognitive decline. Addressing neuroinflammation represents a promising therapeutic avenue to treat AD; however, the development of effective antineuroinflammatory compounds is often hindered by their limited blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Consequently, there is an urgent need for accurate, preclinical AD patient-specific BBB models to facilitate the early identification of immunomodulatory drugs capable of efficiently crossing the human AD BBB. This study presents a unique approach to BBB drug permeability screening as it utilizes the familial AD patient-derived induced brain endothelial-like cell (iBEC)-based model, which exhibits increased disease relevance and serves as an improved BBB drug permeability assessment tool when compared to traditionally employed "
8383,brain tumour,38477525,Advanced Imaging in the Diagnosis and Response Assessment of High-Grade Glioma: ,This 
8384,brain tumour,38477507,Histone H3K9 Lactylation Confers Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma via LUC7L2-Mediated MLH1 Intron Retention.,"Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance remains the major obstacle in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). Lactylation is a novel post-translational modification that is involved in various tumors. However, whether lactylation plays a role in GBM TMZ resistance remains unclear. Here it is found that histone H3K9 lactylation (H3K9la) confers TMZ resistance in GBM via LUC7L2-mediated intron 7 retention of MLH1. Mechanistically, lactylation is upregulated in recurrent GBM tissues and TMZ-resistant cells, and is mainly concentrated in histone H3K9. Combined multi-omics analysis, including CUT&Tag, SLAM-seq, and RNA-seq, reveals that H3K9 lactylation is significantly enriched in the LUC7L2 promoter and activates LUC7L2 transcription to promote its expression. LUC7L2 mediates intron 7 retention of MLH1 to reduce MLH1 expression, and thereby inhibit mismatch repair (MMR), ultimately leading to GBM TMZ resistance. Of note, it is identified that a clinical anti-epileptic drug, stiripentol, which can cross the blood-brain barrier and inhibit lactate dehydrogenase A/B (LDHA/B) activity, acts as a lactylation inhibitor and renders GBM cells more sensitive to TMZ in vitro and in vivo. These findings not only shed light on the mechanism of lactylation in GBM TMZ resistance but also provide a potential combined therapeutic strategy for clinical GBM treatment."
8385,brain tumour,38477487,Brain metastases in patients with salivary duct carcinoma: A retrospective study.,"Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a high-grade adenocarcinoma with a 5-year survival rate of 40%. Although drug therapy has improved patients' prognosis, the impact of brain metastasis (BM) remains poorly understood. We aimed to retrospectively examine the incidence of BM in patients with SDC (n = 464) and develop a tool to estimate their prognoses."
8386,brain tumour,38477441,Single-cell transcriptomic sequencing identifies subcutaneous patient-derived xenograft recapitulated medulloblastoma.,"Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors that mainly affect children. Various approaches have been used to model MB to facilitate investigating tumorigenesis. This study aims to compare the recapitulation of MB between subcutaneous patient-derived xenograft (sPDX), intracranial patient-derived xenograft (iPDX), and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) at the single-cell level."
8387,brain tumour,38477379,A second case report of medulloblastoma in a patient carrying biallelic pathogenic MUTYH germline variants.,No abstract found
8388,brain tumour,38477051,"In-house molecular diagnosis of diffuse glioma updating the revised WHO classification by a platform of the advanced medical care system, Senshin-Iryo.","Since the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 revision, the number of molecular markers required for diffuse gliomas has increased, placing a burden on clinical practice. We have established an in-house, molecular diagnostic platform using Senshin-Iryo, a feature of Japan's unique healthcare system, and partially modified the analysis method in accordance with the WHO 2021 revision. Herein, we review over a total 5 years of achievements using this platform. Analyses of IDH, BRAF, and H3 point mutations, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 1p/19q and chromosomes 10 and 17, and MGMT methylation were combined into a set that was submitted to Senshin-Iryo as ""Drug resistance gene testing for anticancer chemotherapy"" and was approved in August 2018. Subsequently, in October 2021, Sanger sequencing for the TERT promoter mutation was added to the set, and LOH analysis was replaced with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to analyze 1p/19q codeletion and newly required genetic markers, such as EGFR, PTEN, and CDKN2A from WHO 2021. Among the over 200 cases included, 54 were analyzed after the WHO 2021 revision. The laboratory has maintained a diagnostic platform where molecular diagnoses are confirmed within 2 weeks. Initial expenditures exceeded the income from patient copayments; however, it has gradually been reduced to running costs alone and is approaching profitability. After the WHO 2021 revision, diagnoses were confirmed using molecular markers obtained from Senshin-Iryo in 38 of 54 cases (70.1%). Among the remaining 16 patients, only four (7.4%) were diagnosed with diffuse glioma, not elsewhere classified, which was excluded in 12 cases where glioblastoma was confirmed by histopathological diagnosis. Our Senshin-Iryo trial functioned as a salvage system to overcome the transition period between continued revisions of WHO classification that has caused a clinical dilemma in the Japanese healthcare system."
8389,brain tumour,38476989,Evaluation of Intravenous Infusion of Ibuprofen with Paracetamol-Morphine in Pain and Satisfaction of Patients Undergoing Supratentorial Brain Surgery.,"The pain experienced following supratentorial brain surgery is usually defined as moderate to severe. Therefore, pain-management approaches, including narcotics, are an integral part of treatment regimens that cause respiratory complications or seizures, and reducing this pain level and increasing patient satisfaction is vital."
8390,brain tumour,38476931,"Unraveling the relations between post-traumatic stress symptoms, neurocognitive functioning, and limbic white matter in pediatric brain tumor patients.","Pediatric brain tumor patients are at risk of developing neurocognitive impairments and associated white matter alterations. In other populations, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) impact cognition and white matter. This study aims to investigate the effect of PTSS on neurocognitive functioning and limbic white matter in pediatric brain tumor patients."
8391,brain tumour,38476871,Homeostatic status of thyroid hormones and brain water movement as determinant factors in biology of cerebral gliomas: a pilot study using a bioinformatics approach.,"The expression and localization of the water channel transporters, aquaporins (AQPs), in the brain are substantially modified in gliomas during tumorigenesis, cell migration, edema formation, and resolution. We hypothesized that the molecular changes associated with AQP1 and AQP4 in the brain may potentially be anticancer therapeutic targets. To test this hypothesis, a bioinformatics analysis of publicly available data from international consortia was performed."
8392,brain tumour,38476669,Commentary: Postoperative hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction and long-term hormone replacement in patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma.,No abstract found
8393,brain tumour,38476427,Stereotactic biopsy for brain lesions: Doing more with less.,"Stereotactic biopsy (STB) is a potential diagnostic tool considering its minimal invasiveness, high diagnostic yield, and minimal associated complications. Over the years, various frame-based instrument systems and frameless stereotactic biopsy systems have emerged to be employed in clinical use. With this study, we intend to get more by doing less in the form of STB for the patients of doubtful intracranial lesions treated over the past 5 years. We also want to highlight the technique of performing the procedure under scalp block, which can be used as a versatile tool in many clinical scenarios. Stereotactic biopsies may be planned even in rural district-level health facilities. One-time investment to procure instruments and avail existing imaging can lead to establishing definitive diagnoses in many doubtful cases. This will result in lesser cost and early establishment of treatment. Independent risk factors determining the outcome, such as deep-seated lesions, associated edema, and intraoperative hypertension, were studied. Establishing the diagnosis helped in prognosticating the disease, explaining the natural progression of symptoms, and starting adjuvant therapy. This tissue biopsy would also help secure samples for research and molecular analysis."
8394,brain tumour,38476418,Synchronous presentation of prolactinoma and supratentorial tanycytic ependymoma.,"Tanycytic ependymomas mostly occur in the spinal cord and it is the rarest histological subtype of ependymoma. A 29-year-old male was referred from the infertility clinic after serum prolactin levels were found to be elevated. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain showed an irregular necrotic lesion in the periventricular region of the left parietal lobe which had an intraventricular component and associated perilesional edema. In addition, a sellar mass with suprasellar extension was also found on the MRI. He was started on cabergoline therapy for macroprolactinoma and underwent a left parietal craniotomy, and microsurgical excision of the tumor using intraoperative neurosonographic guidance. Histologically, the tumor showed spindle cytologic features and poorly developed inconspicuous pseudorosettes, with areas of rounded nuclear profiles and perinuclear cytoplasmic clearing. Tumor cells were positive for vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100, and negative for epithelial membrane antigen. Ki67 was <7%. He was diagnosed with tanycytic ependymoma and a coexistent prolactinoma. He received 10 cycles of image-guided radiotherapy. Post-operative imaging showed minimal residual tumor the size of which remained stable at 1-year follow-up scan. The pituitary macroadenoma regressed with cabergoline therapy and he clinically improved. This presentation of synchronous macroprolactinoma and tanycytic ependymoma has not been reported in the literature previously. An exhaustive literature review showed only 18 previously reported cases of supratentorial tanycytic ependymoma."
8395,brain tumour,38476274,Blood-Nanoparticle Interactions Create a Brain Delivery Superhighway for Doxorubicin.,"This study investigated the brain targeting mechanism of doxorubicin-loaded polybutyl cyanoacrylate (PBCA) nanoparticles, particularly their interactions with the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB protects the brain from drugs in the bloodstream and represents a crucial obstacle in the treatment of brain cancer."
8396,brain tumour,38475950,miR-362-3p inhibited the invasion and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by targeting the regulation of pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1.,This study aimed to explore the effect of pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (PTT-G1) on the invasion and proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines under the action of miR-362-3p.
8397,brain tumour,38475938,TRIM21 is critical in regulating hepatocellular carcinoma growth and response to therapy by altering the MST1/YAP pathway.,"Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Despite efforts being made in last two decades in cancer diagnosis and treatment, the 5-year survival rate of liver cancer remains extremely low. TRIM21 participates in cancer metabolism, glycolysis, immunity, chemosensitivity and metastasis by targeting various substrates for ubiquitination. TRIM21 serves as a prognosis marker for human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the mechanism by which TRIM21 regulates HCC tumorigenesis and progression remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that TRIM21 protein levels were elevated in human HCC. Elevated TRIM21 expression was associated with HCC progression and poor survival. Knockdown of TRIM21 in HCC cell lines significantly impaired cell growth and metastasis and enhanced sorafenib-induced toxicity. Mechanistically, we found that knockdown of TRIM21 resulted in cytosolic translocation and inactivation of YAP. At the molecular level, we further identified that TRIM21 interacted and induced ubiquitination of MST1, which resulted in MST1 degradation and YAP activation. Knockdown of MST1 or overexpression of YAP reversed TRIM21 knockdown-induced impairment of HCC growth and chemosensitivity. Taken together, the current study demonstrates a novel mechanism that regulates the Hippo pathway and reveals TRM21 as a critical factor that promotes growth and chemoresistance in human HCC."
8398,brain tumour,38475864,Functionally-instructed modifiers of response to ATR inhibition in experimental glioma.,"The DNA damage response (DDR) is a physiological network preventing malignant transformation, e.g. by halting cell cycle progression upon DNA damage detection and promoting DNA repair. Glioblastoma are incurable primary tumors of the nervous system and DDR dysregulation contributes to acquired treatment resistance. Therefore, DDR targeting is a promising therapeutic anti-glioma strategy. Here, we investigated Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) inhibition (ATRi) and functionally-instructed combination therapies involving ATRi in experimental glioma."
8399,brain tumour,38475765,Pre-operative vs. post-operative stereotactic radiosurgery for operative metastatic brain tumors: study protocol for a phase III clinical trial.,"Almost one third of cancer patients in the United States will develop brain metastases on an annual basis. Surgical resection is indicated in the setting of brain metastases for reasons, such as maximizing local control in select patients, decompression of mass effect, and/or tissue diagnosis. The current standard of care following resection of a brain metastasis has shifted from whole brain radiation therapy to post-operative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). However, there is a significant rate of local recurrence within one year of postoperative SRS. Emerging retrospective and prospective data suggest pre-operative SRS is a safe and potentially effective treatment paradigm for surgical brain metastases. This trial intends to determine, for patients with an indication for resection of a brain metastasis, whether there is an increase in the time to a composite endpoint of adverse outcomes; including the first occurrence of either: local recurrence, leptomeningeal disease, or symptomatic radiation brain necrosis - in patients who receive pre-operative SRS as compared to patients who receive post-operative SRS."
8400,brain tumour,38474491,Computational Assessment of Spectral Heterogeneity within Fresh Glioblastoma Tissue Using Raman Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Algorithms.,"Understanding and classifying inherent tumor heterogeneity is a multimodal approach, which can be undertaken at the genetic, biochemical, or morphological level, among others. Optical spectral methods such as Raman spectroscopy aim at rapid and non-destructive tissue analysis, where each spectrum generated reflects the individual molecular composition of an examined spot within a (heterogenous) tissue sample. Using a combination of supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods as well as a solid database of Raman spectra of native glioblastoma samples, we succeed not only in distinguishing explicit tumor areas-vital tumor tissue and necrotic tumor tissue can correctly be predicted with an accuracy of 76%-but also in determining and classifying different spectral entities within the histomorphologically distinct class of vital tumor tissue. Measurements of non-pathological, autoptic brain tissue hereby serve as a healthy control since their respective spectroscopic properties form an individual and reproducible cluster within the spectral heterogeneity of a vital tumor sample. The demonstrated decipherment of a spectral glioblastoma heterogeneity will be valuable, especially in the field of spectroscopically guided surgery to delineate tumor margins and to assist resection control."
8401,brain tumour,38474421,Emerging Roles and Mechanisms of RNA Modifications in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Glioma.,"Despite a long history of research, neurodegenerative diseases and malignant brain tumor gliomas are both considered incurable, facing challenges in the development of treatments. Recent evidence suggests that RNA modifications, previously considered as static components of intracellular RNAs, are in fact dynamically regulated across various RNA species in cells and play a critical role in major biological processes in the nervous system. Innovations in next-generation sequencing have enabled the accurate detection of modifications on bases and sugars within various RNA molecules. These RNA modifications influence the stability and transportation of RNA, and crucially affect its translation. This review delves into existing knowledge on RNA modifications to offer a comprehensive inventory of these modifications across different RNA species. The detailed regulatory functions and roles of RNA modifications within the nervous system are discussed with a focus on neurodegenerative diseases and gliomas. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the fundamental mechanisms and emerging roles of RNA modifications in these diseases, which can facilitate the creation of innovative diagnostics and therapeutics for these conditions."
8402,brain tumour,38474404,Alcohol Exposure Induces Nucleolar Stress and Apoptosis in Mouse Neural Stem Cells and Late-Term Fetal Brain.,"Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disability through its induction of neuronal growth dysfunction through incompletely understood mechanisms. Ribosome biogenesis regulates cell cycle progression through p53 and the nucleolar cell stress response. Whether those processes are targeted by alcohol is unknown. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice received 3 g alcohol/kg daily at E8.5-E17.5. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on the E17.5 fetal cortex. Additionally, primary neural stem cells (NSCs) were isolated from the E14.5 cerebral cortex and exposed to alcohol to evaluate nucleolar stress and p53/MDM2 signaling. Alcohol suppressed KEGG pathways involving ribosome biogenesis (rRNA synthesis/processing and ribosomal proteins) and genes that are mechanistic in ribosomopathies ("
8403,brain tumour,38474320,Identification of Key Molecular Pathways and Associated Genes as Targets to Overcome Radiotherapy Resistance Using a Combination of Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy in Glioma Patients.,"Recent mechanistic studies have indicated that combinations of radiotherapy (RT) plus immunotherapy (via CSF-1R inhibition) can serve as a strategy to overcome RT resistance and improve the survival of glioma mice. Given the high mortality rate for glioma, including low-grade glioma (LGG) patients, it is of critical importance to investigate the mechanism of the combination of RT and immunotherapy and further translate the mechanism from mouse studies to improve survival of RT-treated human glioma patients. Using the RNA-seq data from a glioma mouse study, 874 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the group of RT-treated mice at glioma recurrence and the group of mice with combination treatment (RT plus CSF-1R inhibition) were translated to the human genome to identify significant molecular pathways using the KEGG enrichment analysis. The enrichment analysis yields statistically significant signaling pathways, including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, Hippo pathway, and Notch pathway. Within each pathway, a candidate gene set was selected by Cox regression models as genetic biomarkers for resistance to RT and response to the combination of RT plus immunotherapies. Each Cox model is trained using a cohort of 295 RT-treated LGG patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and validated using a cohort of 127 RT-treated LGG patients from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database. A four-DEG signature (ITGB8, COL9A3, TGFB2, JAG1) was identified from the significant genes within the three pathways and yielded the area under time-dependent ROC curve AUC = 0.86 for 5-year survival in the validation set, which indicates that the selected DEGs have strong prognostic value and are potential intervention targets for combination therapies. These findings may facilitate future trial designs for developing combination therapies for glioma patients."
8404,brain tumour,38474286,"Glioblastoma: An Update in Pathology, Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers.","Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant type of primary brain tumor in adults. Despite important advances in understanding the molecular pathogenesis and biology of this tumor in the past decade, the prognosis for GBM patients remains poor. GBM is characterized by aggressive biological behavior and high degrees of inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Increased understanding of the molecular and cellular heterogeneity of GBM may not only help more accurately define specific subgroups for precise diagnosis but also lay the groundwork for the successful implementation of targeted therapy. Herein, we systematically review the key achievements in the understanding of GBM molecular pathogenesis, mechanisms, and biomarkers in the past decade. We discuss the advances in the molecular pathology of GBM, including genetics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, and signaling pathways. We also review the molecular biomarkers that have potential clinical roles. Finally, new strategies, current challenges, and future directions for discovering new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GBM will be discussed."
8405,brain tumour,38474265,Gene Expression of ,"Gliomas comprise most cases of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Gliomas afflict both adults and children, and glioblastoma (GBM) in adults represents the clinically most important type of malignant brain cancer, with a very poor prognosis. The cell surface glycoprotein CD114, which is encoded by the "
8406,brain tumour,38474197,Inhibition of PRMT1 Suppresses the Growth of U87MG-Derived Glioblastoma Stem Cells by Blocking the STAT3 Signaling Pathway.,"Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) play a pivotal role in the initiation, progression, resistance to treatment, and relapse of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Thus, identifying potential therapeutic targets and drugs that interfere with the growth of GSCs may contribute to improved treatment outcomes for GBM. In this study, we first demonstrated the functional role of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) in GSC growth. Furamidine, a PRMT1 inhibitor, effectively inhibited the proliferation and tumorsphere formation of U87MG-derived GSCs by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and promoting the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Moreover, furamidine potently suppressed the in vivo tumor growth of U87MG GSCs in a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model. In particular, the inhibitory effect of furamidine on U87MG GSC growth was associated with the downregulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and key GSC markers, including CD133, Sox2, Oct4, Nanog, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, and integrin α6. Our results also showed that the knockdown of PRMT1 by small interfering RNA significantly inhibited the proliferation of U87MG GSCs in vitro and in vivo through a molecular mechanism similar to furamidine. In addition, combined treatment with furamidine and berbamine, a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma (CaMKIIγ) inhibitor, inhibited the growth of U87MG GSCs more strongly than single-compound treatment. The increased antiproliferative effect of combining the two compounds resulted from a stronger downregulation of STAT3-mediated downstream GBM stemness regulators through dual PRMT1 and CaMKIIγ function blockade. In conclusion, these findings suggest that PRMT1 and its inhibitor, furamidine, are potential novel therapeutic targets and drug candidates for effectively suppressing GSC growth."
8407,brain tumour,38474106,Relationship between the Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors in Patients with Brain Tumors.,"Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) play critical roles in regulating processes associated with malignant behavior. These endopeptidases selectively degrade components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), growth factors, and their receptors, contributing to cancer cell invasiveness and migratory characteristics by disrupting the basal membrane. However, the expression profile and role of various matrix metalloproteinases remain unclear, and only a few studies have focused on differences between diagnoses of brain tumors. Using quantitative real-time PCR analysis, we identified the expression pattern of ECM modulators ("
8408,brain tumour,38473989,Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPase May Take Part in the Drug Resistance Phenotype of Glioma Stem Cells.,"The vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase) is a transmembrane multi-protein complex fundamental in maintaining a normal intracellular pH. In the tumoral contest, its role is crucial since the metabolism underlying carcinogenesis is mainly based on anaerobic glycolytic reactions. Moreover, neoplastic cells use the V-ATPase to extrude chemotherapy drugs into the extra-cellular compartment as a drug resistance mechanism. In glioblastoma (GBM), the most malignant and incurable primary brain tumor, the expression of this pump is upregulated, making it a new possible therapeutic target. In this work, the bafilomycin A1-induced inhibition of V-ATPase in patient-derived glioma stem cell (GSC) lines was evaluated together with temozolomide, the first-line therapy against GBM. In contrast with previous published data, the proposed treatment did not overcome resistance to the standard therapy. In addition, our data showed that nanomolar dosages of bafilomycin A1 led to the blockage of the autophagy process and cellular necrosis, making the drug unusable in models which are more complex. Nevertheless, the increased expression of V-ATPase following bafilomycin A1 suggests a critical role of the proton pump in GBM stem components, encouraging the search for novel strategies to limit its activity in order to circumvent resistance to conventional therapy."
8409,brain tumour,38473812,Intrinsic and Microenvironmental Drivers of Glioblastoma Invasion.,"Gliomas are diffusely infiltrating brain tumors whose prognosis is strongly influenced by their extent of invasion into the surrounding brain tissue. While lower-grade gliomas present more circumscribed borders, high-grade gliomas are aggressive tumors with widespread brain infiltration and dissemination. Glioblastoma (GBM) is known for its high invasiveness and association with poor prognosis. Its low survival rate is due to the certainty of its recurrence, caused by microscopic brain infiltration which makes surgical eradication unattainable. New insights into GBM biology at the single-cell level have enabled the identification of mechanisms exploited by glioma cells for brain invasion. In this review, we explore the current understanding of several molecular pathways and mechanisms used by tumor cells to invade normal brain tissue. We address the intrinsic biological drivers of tumor cell invasion, by tackling how tumor cells interact with each other and with the tumor microenvironment (TME). We focus on the recently discovered neuronal niche in the TME, including local as well as distant neurons, contributing to glioma growth and invasion. We then address the mechanisms of invasion promoted by astrocytes and immune cells. Finally, we review the current literature on the therapeutic targeting of the molecular mechanisms of invasion."
8410,brain tumour,38473776,"Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future.","Glioblastoma (GB) stands out as the most prevalent and lethal form of brain cancer. Although great efforts have been made by clinicians and researchers, no significant improvement in survival has been achieved since the Stupp protocol became the standard of care (SOC) in 2005. Despite multimodality treatments, recurrence is almost universal with survival rates under 2 years after diagnosis. Here, we discuss the recent progress in our understanding of GB pathophysiology, in particular, the importance of glioma stem cells (GSCs), the tumor microenvironment conditions, and epigenetic mechanisms involved in GB growth, aggressiveness and recurrence. The discussion on therapeutic strategies first covers the SOC treatment and targeted therapies that have been shown to interfere with different signaling pathways (pRB/CDK4/RB1/P16"
8411,brain tumour,38473752,Bisphenol A: Unveiling Its Role in Glioma Progression and Tumor Growth.,"Gliomas represent the most common and lethal category of primary brain tumors. Bisphenol A (BPA), a widely recognized endocrine disruptor, has been implicated in the progression of cancer. Despite its established links to various cancers, the association between BPA and glioma progression remains to be clearly defined. This study aimed to shed light on the impact of BPA on glioma cell proliferation and overall tumor progression. Our results demonstrate that BPA significantly accelerates glioma cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, BPA has been found to enhance the invasive and migratory capabilities of glioma cells, potentially promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics within these tumors. Employing bioinformatics approaches, we devised a risk assessment model to gauge the potential glioma hazards associated with BPA exposure. Our comprehensive analysis revealed that BPA not only facilitates glioma invasion and migration but also inhibits apoptotic processes. In summary, our study offers valuable insights into the mechanisms by which BPA may promote tumorigenesis in gliomas, contributing to the understanding of its broader implications in oncology."
8412,brain tumour,38473703,Siponimod Attenuates Neuronal Cell Death Triggered by Neuroinflammation via NFκB and Mitochondrial Pathways.,"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of heterogeneous clinical courses varying from relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), in which disability is linked to bouts of inflammation, to progressive disease such as primary progressive MS (PPMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS), in which neurological disability is thought to be linked to neurodegeneration. As a result, successful therapeutics for progressive MS likely need to have both anti-inflammatory and direct neuroprotective properties. The modulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors has been implicated in neuroprotection in preclinical animal models. Siponimod/BAF312, the first oral treatment approved for SPMS, may have direct neuroprotective benefits mediated by its activity as a selective (S1P receptor 1) S1P1 and (S1P receptor 5) S1P5 modulator. We showed that S1P1 was mainly present in cortical neurons in lesioned areas of the MS brain. To gain a better understanding of the neuroprotective effects of siponimod in MS, we used both rat neurons and human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons treated with the neuroinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Cell survival/apoptotic assays using flow cytometry and IncuCyte live cell analyses showed that siponimod decreased TNF-α induced neuronal cell apoptosis in both rat and human iPSCs. Importantly, a transcriptomic analysis revealed that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, NFκB and cytokine signaling pathways contributed to siponimod's neuroprotective effects. Our data suggest that the neuroprotection of siponimod/BAF312 likely involves the relief of oxidative stress in neuronal cells. Further studies are needed to explore the molecular mechanisms of such interactions to determine the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation/neurodegeneration."
8413,brain tumour,38473623,Designing Gold Nanoparticles for Precise Glioma Treatment: Challenges and Alternatives.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a glioma and the most aggressive type of brain tumor with a dismal average survival time, despite the standard of care. One promising alternative therapy is boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), which is a noninvasive therapy for treating locally invasive malignant tumors, such as glioma. BNCT involves boron-10 isotope capturing neutrons to form boron-11, which then releases radiation directly into tumor cells with minimal damage to healthy tissues. This therapy lacks clinically approved targeted blood-brain-barrier-permeating delivery vehicles for the central nervous system (CNS) entry of therapeutic boron-10. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are selective and effective drug-delivery vehicles because of their desirable properties, facile synthesis, and biocompatibility. This review discusses biomedical/therapeutic applications of GNPs as a drug delivery vehicle, with an emphasis on their potential for carrying therapeutic drugs, imaging agents, and GBM-targeting antibodies/peptides for treating glioma. The constraints of GNP therapeutic efficacy and biosafety are discussed."
8414,brain tumour,38473403,Haploinsufficiency of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Coupled with Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homologue Activation and P53 Loss Provokes High-Grade Glioblastoma Formation in Mice.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and deadly type of brain tumor originating from glial cells. Despite decades of clinical trials and research, there has been limited success in improving survival rates. However, molecular pathology studies have provided a detailed understanding of the genetic alterations associated with the formation and progression of glioblastoma-such as Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) signaling activation (5%), P53 mutations (25%), and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) alterations (2%)-laying the groundwork for further investigation into the biological and biochemical basis of this malignancy. These analyses have been crucial in revealing the sequential appearance of specific genetic lesions at distinct histopathological stages during the development of GBM. To further explore the pathogenesis and progression of glioblastoma, here, we developed the glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein (GFAP)-Cre-driven mouse model and demonstrated that activated KRAS and p53 deficiencies play distinct and cooperative roles in initiating glioma tumorigenesis. Additionally, the combination of APC haploinsufficiency with mutant Kras activation and p53 deletion resulted in the rapid progression of GBM, characterized by perivascular inflammation, large necrotic areas, and multinucleated giant cells. Consequently, our GBM models have proven to be invaluable resources for identifying early disease biomarkers in glioblastoma, as they closely mimic the human disease. The insights gained from these models may pave the way for potential advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of this challenging brain tumor."
8415,brain tumour,38473369,Liquid Biopsy for Glioma Using Cell-Free DNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid.,"Glioma is one of the most common primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors, and its molecular diagnosis is crucial. However, surgical resection or biopsy is risky when the tumor is located deep in the brain or brainstem. In such cases, a minimally invasive approach to liquid biopsy is beneficial. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA), which directly reflects tumor-specific genetic changes, has attracted attention as a target for liquid biopsy, and blood-based cfDNA monitoring has been demonstrated for other extra-cranial cancers. However, it is still challenging to fully detect CNS tumors derived from cfDNA in the blood, including gliomas, because of the unique structure of the blood-brain barrier. Alternatively, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an ideal source of cfDNA and is expected to contribute significantly to the liquid biopsy of gliomas. Several successful studies have been conducted to detect tumor-specific genetic alterations in cfDNA from CSF using digital PCR and/or next-generation sequencing. This review summarizes the current status of CSF-based cfDNA-targeted liquid biopsy for gliomas. It highlights how the approaches differ from liquid biopsies of other extra-cranial cancers and discusses the current issues and prospects."
8416,brain tumour,38473298,"Activation of Epstein-Barr Virus' Lytic Cycle in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by NEO212, a Conjugate of Perillyl Alcohol and Temozolomide.","The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is accepted as a primary risk factor for certain nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) subtypes, where the virus persists in a latent stage which is thought to contribute to tumorigenesis. Current treatments are sub-optimal, and recurrence occurs in many cases. An alternative therapeutic concept is aimed at triggering the lytic cycle of EBV selectively in tumor cells as a means to add clinical benefit. While compounds able to stimulate the lytic cascade have been identified, their clinical application so far has been limited. We are developing a novel anticancer molecule, NEO212, that was generated by covalent conjugation of the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) to the naturally occurring monoterpene perillyl alcohol (POH). In the current study, we investigated its potential to trigger the lytic cycle of EBV in NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. We used the established C666.1 cell line and primary patient cells derived from the brain metastasis of a patient with NPC, both of which harbored latent EBV. Upon treatment with NEO212, there was an increase in EBV proteins Zta and Ea-D, key markers of the lytic cycle, along with increased levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), a marker of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, followed by the activation of caspases. These effects could also be confirmed in tumor tissue from mice implanted with C666.1 cells. Towards a mechanistic understanding of these events, we used siRNA-mediated knockdown of CHOP and inclusion of anti-oxidant compounds. Both approaches blocked lytic cycle induction by NEO212. Therefore, we established a sequence of events, where NEO212 caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which triggered ER stress and elevated the levels of CHOP, which was required to stimulate the lytic cascade of EBV. Inclusion of the antiviral agent ganciclovir synergistically enhanced the cytotoxic impact of NEO212, pointing to a potential combination treatment for EBV-positive cancers which should be explored further. Overall, our study establishes NEO212 as a novel agent able to stimulate EBV's lytic cycle in NPC tumors, with implications for other virus-associated cancers."
8417,brain tumour,38473288,"Establishment of Different Intraoperative Monitoring and Mapping Techniques and Their Impact on Survival, Extent of Resection, and Clinical Outcome in Patients with High-Grade Gliomas-A Series of 631 Patients in 14 Years.","The resection of brain tumors can be critical concerning localization, but is a key point in treating gliomas. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM), awake craniotomy, and mapping procedures have been incorporated over the years. Using these intraoperative techniques, the resection of eloquent-area tumors without increasing postoperative morbidity became possible. This study aims to analyze short-term and particularly long-term outcomes in patients diagnosed with high-grade glioma, who underwent surgical resection under various technical intraoperative settings over 14 years."
8418,brain tumour,38473273,Breast Tumor Metastasis and Its Microenvironment: It Takes Both Seed and Soil to Grow a Tumor and Target It for Treatment.,"Metastasis remains a major challenge in treating breast cancer. Breast tumors metastasize to organ-specific locations such as the brain, lungs, and bone, but why some organs are favored over others remains unclear. Breast tumors also show heterogeneity, plasticity, and distinct microenvironments. This contributes to treatment failure and relapse. The interaction of breast cancer cells with their metastatic microenvironment has led to the concept that primary breast cancer cells act as seeds, whereas the metastatic tissue microenvironment (TME) is the soil. Improving our understanding of this interaction could lead to better treatment strategies for metastatic breast cancer. Targeted treatments for different subtypes of breast cancers have improved overall patient survival, even with metastasis. However, these targeted treatments are based upon the biology of the primary tumor and often these patients' relapse, after therapy, with metastatic tumors. The advent of immunotherapy allowed the immune system to target metastatic tumors. Unfortunately, immunotherapy has not been as effective in metastatic breast cancer relative to other cancers with metastases, such as melanoma. This review will describe the heterogeneic nature of breast cancer cells and their microenvironments. The distinct properties of metastatic breast cancer cells and their microenvironments that allow interactions, especially in bone and brain metastasis, will also be described. Finally, we will review immunotherapy approaches to treat metastatic breast tumors and discuss future therapeutic approaches to improve treatments for metastatic breast cancer."
8419,brain tumour,38473223,Development and Optimisation of Tumour Treating Fields (TTFields) Delivery within 3D Primary Glioma Stem Cell-like Models of Spatial Heterogeneity.,"Glioblastoma is an aggressive, incurable brain cancer with poor five-year survival rates of around 13% despite multimodal treatment with surgery, DNA-damaging chemoradiotherapy and the recent addition of Tumour Treating Fields (TTFields). As such, there is an urgent need to improve our current understanding of cellular responses to TTFields using more clinically and surgically relevant models, which reflect the profound spatial heterogeneity within glioblastoma, and leverage these biological insights to inform the rational design of more effective therapeutic strategies incorporating TTFields. We have recently reported the use of preclinical TTFields using the inovitro"
8420,brain tumour,38472611,Repeatability of deuterium metabolic imaging of healthy volunteers at 3 T.,"Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of deuterated glucose, termed deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI), is emerging as a biomarker of pathway-specific glucose metabolism in tumors. DMI is being studied as a useful marker of treatment response in a scan-rescan scenario. This study aims to evaluate the repeatability of brain DMI."
8421,brain tumour,38472373,"Identifying key factors for predicting O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase status in adult patients with diffuse glioma: a multimodal analysis of demographics, radiomics, and MRI by variable Vision Transformer.","This study aimed to perform multimodal analysis by vision transformer (vViT) in predicting O6-methylguanine-DNA methyl transferase (MGMT) promoter status among adult patients with diffuse glioma using demographics (sex and age), radiomic features, and MRI."
8422,brain tumour,38472040,Clinical Application and Further Development of Augmented Reality Guidance for the Surgical Localization of Pediatric Chest Wall Tumors.,"Surgical treatment of pediatric chest wall tumors requires accurate surgical planning and tumor localization to achieve radical resections while sparing as much healthy tissue as possible. Augmented Reality (AR) could facilitate surgical decision making by improving anatomical understanding and intraoperative tumor localization. We present our clinical experience with the use of an AR system for intraoperative tumor localization during chest wall resections. Furthermore, we present the pre-clinical results of a new registration method to improve our conventional AR system."
8423,brain tumour,38471994,[Dabrafénib and tramétinib in BRAF V600E mutated pediatric gliomas].,No abstract found
8424,brain tumour,38471640,pH-sensitive cationic nanoparticles for endosomal cell-free DNA scavenging against acute inflammation.,"Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) released from dead cells could be a player in some autoimmune disorders by activating Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and inducing proinflammatory cytokines. Cationic nanoparticles (cNPs) address cfDNA clearance, yet challenges persist, including toxicity, low specificity and ineffectiveness against endocytosed cfDNA. This study introduced pH-sensitive cNPs, reducing off-target effects and binding cfDNA at inflammatory sites. This unique approach inhibits the TLR9 pathway, offering a novel strategy for inflammation modulation. Synthesized cNPs, with distinct cationic moieties, exhibit varied pKa values, enhancing cfDNA binding. Comprehensive studies elucidate the mechanism, demonstrating minimal extracellular binding, enhanced endosomal DNA binding, and optimal tumor necrosis factor-α suppression. In a traumatic brain injury mice model, pH-sensitive cNPs effectively suppress inflammatory cytokines, highlighting their potential in acute inflammation regulation."
8425,brain tumour,38471603,Optimizing long-term stability of siRNA using thermoassemble ionizable reverse pluronic-Bcl2 micelleplexes.,"Thermosassemble Ionizable Reverse Pluronic (TIRP) platform stands out for its distinctive combination of thermoassemble and ionizable features, effectively overcoming challenges in previous siRNA delivery systems. This study opens up a formation for long-term stabilization, and high loading of siRNA, specifically crafted for targeting oncogenic pathways. TIRP-Bcl2 self-assembles into a unique micelle structure with a nanodiameter of 75.8 ± 5.7 nm, efficiently encapsulating Bcl2 siRNA while maintaining exceptional colloidal stability at 4 °C for 8 months, along with controlled release profiles lasting 180 h. The dual ionizable headgroup enhance the siRNA loading and the revers pluronic unique structural orientation enhance the stability of the siRNA. The thermoassemble of TIRP-Bcl2 facilitates flexi-rigid response to mild hyperthermia, enhancing deep tissue penetration and siRNA release in the tumor microenvironment. This responsive behavior improves intracellular uptake and gene silencing efficacy in cancer cells. TIRP, with its smaller particle size and reverse pluronic nature, efficiently transports siRNA across the blood-brain barrier, holding promise for revolutionizing glioblastoma (GBM) treatment. TIRP-Bcl2 shows significant potential for precise, personalized therapies, promising prolonged siRNA delivery and in vitro/in vivo stability. This research opens avenues for further exploration and clinical translation of this innovative nanocarrier system across different cancers."
8426,brain tumour,38471504,An accessible deep learning tool for voxel-wise classification of brain malignancies from perfusion MRI.,"Noninvasive differential diagnosis of brain tumors is currently based on the assessment of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coupled with dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC). However, a definitive diagnosis often requires neurosurgical interventions that compromise patients' quality of life. We apply deep learning on DSC images from histology-confirmed patients with glioblastoma, metastasis, or lymphoma. The convolutional neural network trained on ∼50,000 voxels from 40 patients provides intratumor probability maps that yield clinical-grade diagnosis. Performance is tested in 400 additional cases and an external validation cohort of 128 patients. The tool reaches a three-way accuracy of 0.78, superior to the conventional MRI metrics cerebral blood volume (0.55) and percentage of signal recovery (0.59), showing high value as a support diagnostic tool. Our open-access software, Diagnosis In Susceptibility Contrast Enhancing Regions for Neuro-oncology (DISCERN), demonstrates its potential in aiding medical decisions for brain tumor diagnosis using standard-of-care MRI."
8427,brain tumour,38471461,Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Ependymoma Receiving Radiotherapy: A Single Institution Experience.,This study explored the failure pattern and clinical outcomes in patients with ependymoma undergoing radiotherapy.
8428,brain tumour,38471436,Astrocyte control of brain metastasis.,"Developing therapeutics to improve metastatic brain cancer prognosis is hampered by limited experimental systems that recapitulate the brain tumor microenvironment. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Ishibashi et al. describe a glial-cancer cell co-culture system that enabled the identification of a targetable, astrocyte-driven mechanism of brain metastasis."
8429,brain tumour,38471271,Exploring the gut microbiota and its potential as a biomarker in gliomas.,"Gut microbiome alterations are associated with various cancers including brain tumours such as glioma and glioblastoma. The gut communicates with the brain via a bidirectional pathway known as the gut-brain axis (GBA) which is essential for maintaining homeostasis. The gut microbiota produces many metabolites including short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and essential amino acids such as glutamate, glutamine, arginine and tryptophan. Through the modulation of these metabolites the gut microbiome is able to regulate several functions of brain cells, immune cells and tumour cells including DNA methylation, mitochondrial function, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), T-cell proliferation, autophagy and even apoptosis. Here, we summarise current findings on gut microbiome with respect to brain cancers, an area of research that is widely overlooked. Several studies investigated the relationship between gut microbiota and brain tumours. However, it remains unclear whether the gut microbiome variation is a cause or product of cancer. Subsequently, a biomarker panel was constructed for use as a predictive, prognostic and diagnostic tool with respect to multiple cancers including glioma and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This review further presents the intratumoural microbiome, a fascinating microenvironment within the tumour as a possible treatment target that can be manipulated to maximise effectiveness of treatment via personalised therapy. Studies utilising the microbiome as a biomarker and therapeutic strategy are necessary to accurately assess the effectiveness of the gut microbiome as a clinical tool with respect to brain cancers."
8430,brain tumour,38471170,Multi-scale adversarial learning with difficult region supervision learning models for primary tumor segmentation.,
8431,brain tumour,38471004,Enzyme-Mediated Bioorthogonal Cascade Catalytic Reaction for Metabolism Intervention and Enhanced Ferroptosis on Neuroblastoma.,"It remains a tremendous challenge to explore effective therapeutic modalities against neuroblastoma, a lethal cancer of the sympathetic nervous system with poor prognosis and disappointing treatment outcomes. Considering the limitations of conventional treatment modalities and the intrinsic vulnerability of neuroblastoma, we herein develop a pioneering sequential catalytic therapeutic system that utilizes lactate oxidase (LOx)/horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-loaded amorphous zinc metal-organic framework, named LOx/HRP-aZIF, in combination with a 3-indole-acetic acid (IAA) prodrug. On the basis of abnormal lactate accumulation that occurs in the tumor microenvironment, the cascade reaction of LOx and HRP consumes endogenous glutathione and a reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to achieve the first stage of killing cancer cells via antioxidative incapacitation and electron transport chain interference. Furthermore, the generation of reactive oxygen species induced by HRP and IAA through bioorthogonal catalysis promotes ferritin degradation and lipid peroxidation, ultimately provoking self-enhanced ferroptosis with positive feedback by initiating an endogenous Fenton reaction. This work highlights the superiority of the natural enzyme-dependent cascade and bioorthogonal catalytic reaction, offering a paradigm for synergistically enzyme-based metabolism-ferroptosis anticancer therapy."
8432,brain tumour,38470840,Neuropsychological longitudinal study of patients with low-grade gliomas: Cognitive impairment.,"This study is part of a longitudinal research program, in which patients diagnosed with low-grade gliomas (LGG: "
8433,brain tumour,38470453,The changing landscape of small cell lung cancer.,Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by rapid proliferation and early dissemination. The objective of this study was to examine the demographic trends and outcomes in SCLC.
8434,brain tumour,38470366,Bacteriophage-based particles carrying the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene for targeted delivery in hepatocellular carcinoma.,"The TRAIL (Tumour Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand) is a promising candidate for cancer treatment due to its unique ability to selectively induce programmed cell death, or apoptosis, in cancer cells while sparing healthy ones. This selectivity arises from the preferential binding of the TRAIL to death receptors on cancer cells, triggering a cascade of events that lead to their demise. However, significant limitations in using the TRAIL for cancer treatment are the administration of the TRAIL protein that can potentially lead to tissue toxicity (off-target) and the short half-life of the TRAIL in the body which may necessitate frequent and sustained administration; these can pose logistical challenges for long-term treatment regimens. We have devised a novel approach for surmounting these limitations by introducing the TRAIL gene directly into cancer cells, enabling them to produce the TRAIL locally and subsequently trigger apoptosis. A novel gene delivery system such as a bacteriophage-based particle TPA (transmorphic phage/AAV) was utilized to address these limitations. TPA is a hybrid M13 filamentous bacteriophage particle encapsulating a therapeutic gene cassette with inverted terminal repeats ("
8435,brain tumour,38470289,Social impairment in survivors of pediatric brain tumors via reduced social attention and emotion-specific facial expression recognition.,"Survivors of pediatric brain tumors (SPBT) experience significant social challenges, including fewer friends and greater isolation than peers. Difficulties in face processing and visual social attention have been implicated in these outcomes. This study evaluated facial expression recognition (FER), social attention, and their associations with social impairments in SPBT."
8436,brain tumour,38470202,Identification of transcriptomic signatures associated with glioblastoma recurrence.,No abstract found
8437,brain tumour,38470096,Exosome-transmitted podoplanin promotes tumor-associated macrophage-mediated immune tolerance in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor, characterized by rapid disease course and poor treatment responsiveness. The abundance of immunosuppressive macrophages in glioblastoma challenges the efficacy of novel immunotherapy."
8438,brain tumour,38469930,A 3D dual-echo spiral sequence for simultaneous dynamic susceptibility contrast and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI with single bolus injection.,"Perfusion MRI reveals important tumor physiological and pathophysiologic information, making it a critical component in managing brain tumor patients. This study aimed to develop a dual-echo 3D spiral technique with a single-bolus scheme to simultaneously acquire both dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) data and overcome the limitations of current EPI-based techniques."
8439,brain tumour,38469735,Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals differences in gene expression and regulatory pathways between nonacral and acral melanoma in Asian individuals.,"Melanoma predominantly occurs in White individuals, which is associated with factors such as exposure to UV radiation and skin pigmentation. Despite its low incidence, melanoma is the primary cause of skin cancer-related death in Asia, typically in areas with low sun exposure. In our previous whole-exome sequencing study, we identified mutational signature 12 as the most prevalent variant in Asian patients, differing from the common UV-associated mutational signature 7 observed in White individuals. We also observed major differences between acral melanoma (AM) and nonacral melanoma (NAM) in terms of signatures 7, 21, and 22. Notably, few studies have investigated the genomic differences between AM and NAM in Asian individuals. Therefore, in this study, we conducted transcriptomic sequencing to examine the disparities in RNA expression between AM and NAM. Ribosomal RNA depletion was performed to enhance the detection of functionally relevant coding and noncoding transcripts. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed significant differences in gene expression and regulatory pathways between AM and NAM. The results also indicate that the genes involved in cell cycle signaling or immune modulation and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 signaling were differentially expressed in NAM and AM. In addition, high CDK4 expression and cell cycle variability were observed in AM, with high immunogenicity in NAM. Overall, these findings provide further insights into the pathogenesis of melanoma and serve as a reference for future research on this major malignant disease."
8440,brain tumour,38469679,Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour of the cerebellopontine angle in a cat.,"Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour is an uncommon tumour in cats. The current case report aims to present the diagnosis, treatment and histopathology of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour that developed in the cerebellopontine angle region of a cat. A 4-year-old 4.2-kg female calico cat was brought to the animal hospital with the complaints of loss of balance, leaning against the wall and behavioural changes. During the neurological examination, the patient was observed to have a right-sided head tilt accompanied by ipsilateral ventral strabismus. On magnetic resonance imaging scan, a mass was identified at the right cerebellopontine angle. The surgical removal of the mass was carried out using a caudo-tentorial approach. The histopathological analysis revealed the presence of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour. This case report contributes to the existing knowledge in the field presenting the characteristics of a malignant peripheral nerve tumour that was not associated with any nerve in the cerebellopontine angle in a cat."
8441,brain tumour,38469231,,"Ependymomas are rare brain tumors that can occur in both children and adults. Subdivided by the tumors' initial location, ependymomas develop in the central nervous system in the supratentorial or infratentorial/posterior fossa region, or the spinal cord. Supratentorial ependymomas (ST-EPNs) are predominantly characterized by common driver gene fusions such as "
8442,brain tumour,38469176,Emerging insights into cephalic neural crest disorders: A single center experience.,"Neural crest cells (NCCs) are transient structures in the fetal life in vertebrates, which develop at the junctional site of the non-neural and neural ectoderm, sharing a common developmental origin for diverse diseases. After Epithelio-mesenchymal (EMT) of the NCCs within the neural tube, delamination of NCCs occurs. After delamination, the transformation of these cells into various cell lineages produces melanocytes, bones, and cartilage of the skull, cells of the enteric and peripheral nervous system. After the conversion, these cells migrate into various locations of the entire body according to the cell lineage. Abnormalities in neural crest (NC) formation and migration result in various malformations and tumors, known as neurocristopathy."
8443,brain tumour,38469162,Effects of early tooth loss on chronic stress and progression of neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease in adult Alzheimer's model ,"Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by accumulated amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, aggregated phosphorylated tau protein, gliosis-associated neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive impairment. Many cohort studies indicate that tooth loss is a risk factor for AD. The detailed mechanisms underlying the association between AD and tooth loss, however, are not yet fully understood."
8444,brain tumour,38468819,A teenage girl with altered mental status and paraparesis.,"A teenage girl presented with fever and altered mental status. MRI showed diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement of the brain and spine. She was diagnosed by a positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture with tuberculous (TB) meningitis and was started on anti-TB medications and corticosteroids. Her mental status improved, but she was noted to have proximal weakness of the lower extremities. In the course of tapering corticosteroids at week 11 of anti-TB therapy, she became acutely confused and febrile. MRI demonstrated interval development of tuberculomas in the brain and a mass lesion in the thoracic spine causing cord compression. Given the clinical picture was suggestive of a paradoxical reaction, the dose of corticosteroids was increased. Infliximab was added when repeat MRI revealed enlargement of the mass lesion in the spine with worsening cord compression. She was successfully tapered off of corticosteroids. Over several months, the patient's motor function recovered fully, and she returned to ambulating without assistance."
8445,brain tumour,38468672,Extremely slow-growing cerebellar ganglioglioma in an elderly patient.,Gangliogliomas account for 0.4% of primary brain tumors. They mainly occur in the supratentorial compartment and typically affect only children and young adults. We present an especially rare case of cerebellar ganglioglioma in an elderly patient.
8446,brain tumour,38468649,Primary anterior visual pathway germinoma in a 13-year-old boy: A case report.,Primary optic nerve and chiasmal germinomas are very rare. These lesions can commonly be mistaken for optic pathway gliomas based on imaging alone. It is radiosensitive and cured in most of the cases.
8447,brain tumour,38468565,Anatomy of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus: A systematic review of the literature.,"The existence, composition, and continuity of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus (MWCS) have been extensively studied and debated. However, the precise nature of this membrane remains unknown. Understanding the anatomical characteristics of the MWCS is crucial, notably in relation to pituitary adenomas, which often invade the cavernous sinus. Indeed, surgical treatment of those tumors is frequently incomplete because of such invasion. The anatomical and molecular basis of the peculiar and often lateralized tropism of adenomatous cells to the cavernous sinus is not yet understood and it has been suggested repeatedly that the MWCS is physiologically frail. During the past three decades, there have been several conflicting accounts of the existence, composition, and continuity of this medial wall, but methodological differences and varying definitions could have contributed to the current lack of consensus regarding it. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize previously published data concerning the existence, anatomy, composition, and continuity of the MWCS."
8448,brain tumour,38468484,Study of vision-related resting-state activity in suprasellar tumor patients with postoperative visual damage.,The objective of this study was to investigate changes in vision-related resting-state activity in patients with suprasellar tumors (ST) who experienced vision deterioration after surgery.
8449,brain tumour,38468295,Early reduction in cardiorespiratory fitness and diastolic reserve following radiation therapy for lung cancer.,"Contemporary radiotherapy for the treatment of lung cancer is effective in targeting tumor tissue while limiting heart exposure, yet cardiac toxicity still occurs, often becoming clinically apparent years later. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular, cancer-related, and overall mortality and may serve as a sensitive measure of subclinical cardiac toxicity following anti-cancer treatments. Prior work has demonstrated a significant relationship between reduced CRF and impaired left-ventricular (LV) diastolic reserve in cancer survivors following thoracic radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to assess early longitudinal changes in CRF and cardiac function in patients with lung cancer following radiotherapy."
8450,brain tumour,38468167,"Letter to the Editor Regarding ""Supratotal Resection: An Emerging Concept of Glioblastoma Multiforme Surgery-Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis"".",No abstract found
8451,brain tumour,38468053,Percolation Images: Fractal Geometry Features for Brain Tumor Classification.,"Brain tumor detection is crucial for clinical diagnosis and efficient therapy. In this work, we propose a hybrid approach for brain tumor classification based on both fractal geometry features and deep learning. In our proposed framework, we adopt the concept of fractal geometry to generate a ""percolation"" image with the aim of highlighting important spatial properties in brain images. Then both the original and the percolation images are provided as input to a convolutional neural network to detect the tumor. Extensive experiments, carried out on a well-known benchmark dataset, indicate that using percolation images can help the system perform better."
8452,brain tumour,38468051,Computational Fractal-Based Analysis of Brain Tumor Microvascular Networks.,"Brain parenchyma microvasculature is set in disarray in the presence of tumors, and malignant brain tumors are among the most vascularized neoplasms in humans. As microvessels can be easily identified in histologic specimens, quantification of microvascularity can be used alone or in combination with other histological features to increase the understanding of the dynamic behavior, diagnosis, and prognosis of brain tumors. Different brain tumors, and even subtypes of the same tumor, show specific microvascular patterns, as a kind of ""microvascular fingerprint,"" which is particular to each histotype. Reliable morphometric parameters are required for the qualitative and quantitative characterization of the neoplastic angioarchitecture, although the lack of standardization of a technique able to quantify the microvascular patterns in an objective way has limited the ""morphometric approach"" in neuro-oncology.In this chapter, we focus on the importance of computational-based morphometrics, for the objective description of tumoral microvascular fingerprinting. By also introducing the concept of ""angio-space,"" which is the tumoral space occupied by the microvessels, we here present fractal analysis as the most reliable computational tool able to offer objective parameters for the description of the microvascular networks.The spectrum of different angioarchitectural configurations can be quantified by means of Euclidean and fractal-based parameters in a multiparametric analysis, aimed to offer surrogate biomarkers of cancer. Such parameters are here described from the methodological point of view (i.e., feature extraction) as well as from the clinical perspective (i.e., relation to underlying physiology), in order to offer new computational parameters to the clinicians with the final goal of improving diagnostic and prognostic power of patients affected by brain tumors."
8453,brain tumour,38468050,Fractal-Based Analysis of Histological Features of Brain Tumors.,"The structural complexity of brain tumor tissue represents a major challenge for effective histopathological diagnosis. Tumor vasculature is known to be heterogeneous, and mixtures of patterns are usually present. Therefore, extracting key descriptive features for accurate quantification is not a straightforward task. Several steps are involved in the texture analysis process where tissue heterogeneity contributes to the variability of the results. One of the interesting aspects of the brain lies in its fractal nature. Many regions within the brain tissue yield similar statistical properties at different scales of magnification. Fractal-based analysis of the histological features of brain tumors can reveal the underlying complexity of tissue structure and angiostructure, also providing an indication of tissue abnormality development. It can further be used to quantify the chaotic signature of disease to distinguish between different temporal tumor stages and histopathological grades.Brain meningioma subtype classifications' improvement from histopathological images is the main focus of this chapter. Meningioma tissue texture exhibits a wide range of histological patterns whereby a single slide may show a combination of multiple patterns. Distinctive fractal patterns quantified in a multiresolution manner would be for better spatial relationship representation. Fractal features extracted from textural tissue patterns can be useful in characterizing meningioma tumors in terms of subtype classification, a challenging problem compared to histological grading, and furthermore can provide an objective measure for quantifying subtle features within subtypes that are hard to discriminate."
8454,brain tumour,38468049,Multifractal Analysis of Brain Tumor Interface in Glioblastoma.,"The dynamics of tumor growth is a very complex process, generally accompanied by numerous chromosomal aberrations that determine its genetic and dynamical heterogeneity. Consequently, the tumor interface exhibits a non-regular and heterogeneous behavior often described by a single fractal dimension. A more suitable approach is to consider the tumor interface as a multifractal object that can be described by a set of generalized fractal dimensions. In the present work, detrended fluctuation and multifractal analysis are used to characterize the complexity of glioblastoma."
8455,brain tumour,38468048,Texture Estimation for Abnormal Tissue Segmentation in Brain MRI.,"This chapter discusses multifractal texture estimation and characterization of brain lesions (necrosis, edema, enhanced tumor, nonenhanced tumor, etc.) in magnetic resonance (MR) images. This work formulates the complex texture of tumor in MR images using a stochastic model known as multifractional Brownian motion (mBm). Mathematical derivations of the mBm model and corresponding algorithm to extract the spatially varying multifractal texture feature are discussed. Extracted multifractal texture feature is fused with other effective features to enhance the tissue characteristics. Segmentation of the tissues is performed using a feature-based classification method. The efficacy of the mBm texture feature in segmenting different abnormal tissues is demonstrated using a large-scale publicly available clinical dataset. Experimental results and performance of the methods confirm the efficacy of the proposed technique in an automatic segmentation of abnormal tissues in multimodal (T"
8456,brain tumour,38468047,Computational Fractal-Based Analysis of MR Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (SWI) in Neuro-Oncology and Neurotraumatology.,"Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique able to depict the magnetic susceptibility produced by different substances, such as deoxyhemoglobin, calcium, and iron. The main application of SWI in clinical neuroimaging is detecting microbleedings and venous vasculature. Quantitative analyses of SWI have been developed over the last few years, aimed to offer new parameters, which could be used as neuroimaging biomarkers. Each technique has shown pros and cons, but no gold standard exists yet. The fractal dimension (FD) has been investigated as a novel potential objective parameter for monitoring intratumoral space-filling properties of SWI patterns. We showed that SWI patterns found in different tumors or different glioma grades can be represented by a gradient in the fractal dimension, thereby enabling each tumor to be assigned a specific SWI fingerprint. Such results were especially relevant in the differentiation of low-grade versus high-grade gliomas, as well as from high-grade gliomas versus lymphomas.Therefore, FD has been suggested as a potential image biomarker to analyze intrinsic neoplastic architecture in order to improve the differential diagnosis within clinical neuroimaging, determine appropriate therapy, and improve outcome in patients.These promising preliminary findings could be extended into the field of neurotraumatology, by means of the application of computational fractal-based analysis for the qualitative and quantitative imaging of microbleedings in traumatic brain injury patients. In consideration of some evidences showing that SWI signals are correlated with trauma clinical severity, FD might offer some objective prognostic biomarkers.In conclusion, fractal-based morphometrics of SWI could be further investigated to be used in a complementary way with other techniques, in order to form a holistic understanding of the temporal evolution of brain tumors and follow-up response to treatment, with several further applications in other fields, such as neurotraumatology and cerebrovascular neurosurgery as well."
8457,brain tumour,38468037,Fractal Analysis in Clinical Neurosciences: An Overview.,"Over the last years, fractals have entered into the realms of clinical neurosciences. The whole brain and its components (i.e., neurons and astrocytes) have been studied as fractal objects, and even more relevant, the fractal-based quantification of the geometrical complexity of histopathological and neuroradiological images as well as neurophysiopathological time series has suggested the existence of a gradient in the pattern representation of neurological diseases. Computational fractal-based parameters have been suggested as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in different brain diseases, including brain tumors, neurodegeneration, epilepsy, demyelinating diseases, cerebrovascular malformations, and psychiatric disorders as well. This chapter and the entire third section of this book are focused on practical applications of computational fractal-based analysis into the clinical neurosciences, namely, neurology and neuropsychiatry, neuroradiology and neurosurgery, neuropathology, neuro-oncology and neurorehabilitation, neuro-ophthalmology, and cognitive neurosciences, with special emphasis on the translation of the fractal dimension and other fractal parameters as clinical biomarkers useful from bench to bedside."
8458,brain tumour,38467878,Author Correction: The type II RAF inhibitor tovorafenib in relapsed/refractory pediatric low-grade glioma: the phase 2 FIREFLY-1 trial.,No abstract found
8459,brain tumour,38467852,Downregulation of UBB potentiates SP1/VEGFA-dependent angiogenesis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.,"Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) presents a unique profile characterized by high levels of angiogenesis and robust vascularization. Understanding the underlying mechanisms driving this heterogeneity is essential for developing effective therapeutic strategies. This study revealed that ubiquitin B (UBB) is downregulated in ccRCC, which adversely affects the survival of ccRCC patients. UBB exerts regulatory control over vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) by directly interacting with specificity protein 1 (SP1), consequently exerting significant influence on angiogenic processes. Subsequently, we validated that DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A) is located in the promoter of UBB to epigenetically inhibit UBB transcription. Additionally, we found that an unharmonious UBB/VEGFA ratio mediates pazopanib resistance in ccRCC. These findings underscore the critical involvement of UBB in antiangiogenic therapy and unveil a novel therapeutic strategy for ccRCC."
8460,brain tumour,38467830,Biallelic EPCAM deletions induce tissue-specific DNA repair deficiency and cancer predisposition.,"We report a case of Mismatch Repair Deficiency (MMRD) caused by germline homozygous EPCAM deletion leading to tissue-specific loss of MSH2. Through the use of patient-derived cells and organoid technologies, we performed stepwise in vitro differentiation of colonic and brain organoids from reprogrammed EPCAM"
8461,brain tumour,38467767,PSMB2 plays an oncogenic role in glioma and correlates to the immune microenvironment.,"There has been an upward trend in the incidence of glioma, with high recurrence and high mortality. The beta subunits of the 20S proteasome are encoded by the proteasome beta (PSMB) genes and may affect the proteasome's function in glioma, assembly and inhibitor binding. This study attempted to reveal the function of the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells, which is affected by proteasome 20S subunit beta 2 (PSMB2). We subjected the data downloaded from the TCGA database to ROC, survival, and enrichment analyses. After establishing the stable PSMB2 knockdown glioma cell line. We detect the changes in the proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma cells by plate colony formation assay, transwell assay, wound healing assay and flow cytometry and PSMB2 expression was verified by quantitative PCR and Western blotting to identify the mRNA and protein levels. PSMB2 expression was higher in glioma tissues, and its expression positively correlated with poor prognosis and high tumor grade and after PSMB2 knockdown, the proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma cells were weakened."
8462,brain tumour,38467755,BrainNet: a fusion assisted novel optimal framework of residual blocks and stacked autoencoders for multimodal brain tumor classification.,"A significant issue in computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) for medical applications is brain tumor classification. Radiologists could reliably detect tumors using machine learning algorithms without extensive surgery. However, a few important challenges arise, such as (i) the selection of the most important deep learning architecture for classification (ii) an expert in the field who can assess the output of deep learning models. These difficulties motivate us to propose an efficient and accurate system based on deep learning and evolutionary optimization for the classification of four types of brain modalities (t1 tumor, t1ce tumor, t2 tumor, and flair tumor) on a large-scale MRI database. Thus, a CNN architecture is modified based on domain knowledge and connected with an evolutionary optimization algorithm to select hyperparameters. In parallel, a Stack Encoder-Decoder network is designed with ten convolutional layers. The features of both models are extracted and optimized using an improved version of Grey Wolf with updated criteria of the Jaya algorithm. The improved version speeds up the learning process and improves the accuracy. Finally, the selected features are fused using a novel parallel pooling approach that is classified using machine learning and neural networks. Two datasets, BraTS2020 and BraTS2021, have been employed for the experimental tasks and obtained an improved average accuracy of 98% and a maximum single-classifier accuracy of 99%. Comparison is also conducted with several classifiers, techniques, and neural nets; the proposed method achieved improved performance."
8463,brain tumour,38467743,Multiple cancer cell types release LIF and Gal3 to hijack neural signals.,"Neural signals can significantly influence cancer prognosis. However, how cancer cells may proactively modulate the nervous system to benefit their own survival is incompletely understood. In this study, we report an overlapping pattern of brain responses, including that in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, in multiple mouse models of peripheral cancers. A multi-omic screening then identifies leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and galectin-3 (Gal3) as the key cytokines released by these cancer cell types to trigger brain activation. Importantly, increased plasma levels of these two cytokines are observed in patients with different cancers. We further demonstrate that pharmacologic or genetic blockage of cancer cell-derived LIF or Gal3 signaling abolishes the brain responses and strongly inhibits tumor growth. In addition, ablation of peripheral sympathetic actions can similarly restore antitumor immunity. These results have elucidated a novel, shared mechanism of multiple cancer cell types hijacking the nervous system to promote tumor progression."
8464,brain tumour,38467631,GINS2 regulates temozolomide chemosensitivity via the EGR1/ECT2 axis in gliomas.,"Temozolomide (TMZ), a DNA alkylating agent, has become the primary treatment for glioma, the most common malignancy of the central nervous system. Although TMZ-containing regimens produce significant clinical response rates, some patients inevitably suffer from inferior treatment outcomes or disease relapse, likely because of poor chemosensitivity of glioma cells due to a robust DNA damage response (DDR). GINS2, a subunit of DNA helicase, contributes to maintaining genomic stability and is highly expressed in various cancers, promoting their development. Here, we report that GINS2 was upregulated in TMZ-treated glioma cells and co-localized with γH2AX, indicating its participation in TMZ-induced DDR. Furthermore, GINS2 regulated the malignant phenotype and TMZ sensitivity of glioma cells, mostly by promoting DNA damage repair by affecting the mRNA stability of early growth response factor 1 (EGR1), which in turn regulates the transcription of epithelial cell-transforming sequence 2 (ECT2). We constructed a GINS2-EGR1-ECT2 prognostic model, which accurately predicted patient survival. Further, we screened Palbociclib/BIX-02189 which dampens GINS2 expression and synergistically inhibits glioma cell proliferation with TMZ. These findings delineate a novel mechanism by which GINS2 regulates the TMZ sensitivity of glioma cells and propose a promising combination therapy to treat glioma."
8465,brain tumour,38467610,Effect of preservation versus resection of turbinate on olfactory function in endoscopic trans-nasal trans-sphenoidal pituitary surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Utilizing endoscopes in surgery offers advantages and concerns, including potential nasal function impacts. Hyposmia following Transseptal Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy ranges from 0% to 2.2%. Debates persist about managing the M.T. in endoscopic sinus surgery due to its impact on nasal function. While preservation is recommended for sinonasal health, debates continue, as certain cases require resection. Our meta-analysis aims to compare turbinate resection and preservation effects on olfactory function."
8466,brain tumour,38467041,Salvage pemetrexed for brain metastases from ALK-positive lung cancer after Gamma Knife radiosurgery: illustrative case.,"Systemic therapy for cancer treatment has improved, and therapeutic options for intracranial lesions are increasing. Combinations of treatment modalities are required in certain difficult cases. Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) is effective for the treatment of brain metastases, especially for lesions that are inoperable because of their anatomical or functional location."
8467,brain tumour,38466960,Natural Fat Nanoemulsions for Enhanced Optical Coherence Tomography Neuroimaging and Tumor Imaging in the Second Near-Infrared Window.,"Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging mainly uses backscattered light to visualize the structural and functional information on biological tissues. In particular, OCT angiography can not only map the capillary networks but also capture the blood flow in the tissue microenvironment, making it a good candidate for neuroimaging and tumor imaging "
8468,brain tumour,38466886,Surgery of enlarging lesions after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases in patients with non-small cell lung cancer with oncogenic driver mutations frequently reveals radiation necrosis: case series and review.,"In brain metastases, radiation necrosis (RN) is a complication that arises after single or multiple fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS/FSRS), which is challenging to distinguish from local recurrence (LR). Studies have shown increased RN incidence rates in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with oncogenic driver mutations (ODMs) or receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This study investigated enlarging brain lesions following SRS/FSRS, for which additional surgeries were performed to distinguish between RN and LR. We investigated seven NSCLC patients with ODMs undergoing SRS/FSRS for BM and undergoing surgery for suspicion of LR on MRI imaging. Descriptive statistics were performed. Among the seven patients, six were EGFR+, while one was ALK+. The median irradiation dose was 30 Gy (range, 20-35 Gy). The median time to develop RN after SRS/FSRS was 11.1 months (range: 6.3-31.2 months). Moreover, gradually enlarging lesions were found in all patients after 6 months post-SRS/FSR. Brain radiation necrosis was pathologically confirmed in all the patients. RN should be suspected in NSCLC patients when lesions keep enlarging after 6 months post-SRS/FSRS, especially for patients with ODMs and receiving TKIs. Further, this case series indicates that further dose reduction might be necessary to avoid RN for such patients."
8469,brain tumour,38466853,Reply to Pisan et al.: Pathogenicity of inherited TRAF7 mutations in congenital heart disease.,No abstract found
8470,brain tumour,38466699,Early effects of different brain radiotherapy modalities on circulating leucocyte subpopulations in rodents.,"Lymphopenia is extensively studied, but not circulating leucocyte subpopulations, which however have distinct roles in tumor tolerance. Proton therapy has been shown to have a lesser impact on the immune system than conventional X-ray radiotherapy through lower dose exposure to healthy tissues. We explored the differential effects of brain X-ray and proton irradiation on circulating leucocyte subpopulations."
8471,brain tumour,38466631,Telomeres in glioma: Maintenance mechanisms to therapeutic potential.,No abstract found
8472,brain tumour,38466521,Current pharmacologic treatment of brain metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer.,"Lung cancer is a type of cancer that can metastasize to the lungs, brain, bones, liver, adrenal glands, and other organs; however, the occurrence of brain metastases is the most common event. Symptoms of brain metastasis include motor dysfunction, mental dysfunction, seizures, headaches, nausea, and vomiting, and significantly reduce the quality of life of cancer patients. Brain metastases are a poor prognostic factor, and controlling them is extremely important for prolonging prognosis and improving the quality of life. Currently, local surgery and radiotherapy are recommended for their treatment. However, recently, cancer treatments using molecular-targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been introduced, which may also be effective against brain metastases. Therefore, it is necessary to determine whether local or systemic therapy is optimal for each case. In this review, we focus on recent findings regarding drug therapy in treating brain metastases from advanced non-small cell lung cancer."
8473,brain tumour,38466403,Survival outcomes and treatment experience of 124 patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma.,Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare malignancy of the central nervous system with high invasiveness. There is little consensus on the treatment of PCNSL. This study retrospectively studied data from PCNSL patients in a single center to summarize treatment experience and explore prognostic factors.
8474,brain tumour,38466393,Imaging of supratentorial intraventricular masses in children:a pictorial review- part 1.,This article is the first in a two-part series designed to provide a comprehensive overview of the range of supratentorial intraventricular masses observed in children. Our primary objective is to discuss the diverse types of intraventricular masses that originate not only from cells within the choroid plexus but also from other sources.
8475,brain tumour,38466087,"Challenges, limitations, and pitfalls of PET and advanced MRI in patients with brain tumors: A report of the PET/RANO group.","Brain tumor diagnostics have significantly evolved with the use of positron emission tomography (PET) and advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. In addition to anatomical MRI, these modalities may provide valuable information for several clinical applications such as differential diagnosis, delineation of tumor extent, prognostication, differentiation between tumor relapse and treatment-related changes, and the evaluation of response to anticancer therapy. In particular, joint recommendations of the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) Group, the European Association of Neuro-oncology, and major European and American Nuclear Medicine societies highlighted that the additional clinical value of radiolabeled amino acids compared to anatomical MRI alone is outstanding and that its widespread clinical use should be supported. For advanced MRI and its steadily increasing use in clinical practice, the Standardization Subcommittee of the Jumpstarting Brain Tumor Drug Development Coalition provided more recently an updated acquisition protocol for the widely used dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MRI. Besides amino acid PET and perfusion MRI, other PET tracers and advanced MRI techniques (e.g. MR spectroscopy) are of considerable clinical interest and are increasingly integrated into everyday clinical practice. Nevertheless, these modalities have shortcomings which should be considered in clinical routine. This comprehensive review provides an overview of potential challenges, limitations, and pitfalls associated with PET imaging and advanced MRI techniques in patients with gliomas or brain metastases. Despite these issues, PET imaging and advanced MRI techniques continue to play an indispensable role in brain tumor management. Acknowledging and mitigating these challenges through interdisciplinary collaboration, standardized protocols, and continuous innovation will further enhance the utility of these modalities in guiding optimal patient care."
8476,brain tumour,38466086,Comprehensive analysis of MYB/MYBL1-altered pediatric-type diffuse low-grade glioma.,Pediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas (pLGG) harboring recurrent genetic alterations involving MYB or MYBL1 are closely related tumors. Detailed treatment and outcome data of large cohorts are still limited. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate pLGG with these alterations to define optimal therapeutic strategies.
8477,brain tumour,38465434,Twenty-four-month Progression-free Survival in HER2-amplified Advanced Gastric Cancer with Brain Metastases after Trastuzumab Deruxtecan Treatment: A Case Report and Literature Review.,Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) has shown promising outcomes as a second or subsequent-line treatment for human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2)-positive advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer.
8478,brain tumour,38465425,Neuroprotective effect of taxifolin against aluminum chloride-induced dementia and pathological alterations in the brain of rats: possible involvement of toll-like receptor 4.,"Aluminum (Al) overexposure damages various organ systems, especially the nervous system. Regularly administered aluminum chloride (AlCl"
8479,brain tumour,38465339,"A case of Trousseau syndrome: Screening, detection and complication.","Trousseau syndrome (TS) is a malignant tumor-mediated complication of the hypercoagulable state with an unknown etiology. Laboratory testing results in patients with TS have indicated elevated D-dimer levels. The imaging analysis in patients who had undergone stroke has shown the presence of several cerebral infarction lesions in multiple regions. Since patients have had malignant tumors for a long time when they suffer from a secondary stroke, the optimum time for radical tumor treatment is usually missed. This study reports a case to improve the early screening and detection of TS and reduce the risk of recurrence of cerebral infarction."
8480,brain tumour,38465087,Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy as a Treatment Option for Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Metastases to the Brain: A Case Report.,"We present the unique case of a 60-year-old female with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) who underwent laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) for metastatic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) of the brain. She presented to the emergency room complaining of one week of dysarthria and facial droop. An MRI of the brain demonstrated a homogeneously enhancing left frontal mass; although rare, given her history of pulmonary MPNST, brain invasion was considered likely. No generally accepted guidelines for the treatment of MPNST with cerebral metastases exist; however, LITT was chosen due to tumor morphology and proximity to eloquent brain structures. She did not experience any new or worsening neurological deficits post-operatively. Post-ablation MRI showed white matter edema surrounding the lesion, which is consistent with previously reported cases. This case illustrates the use of LITT for cytoreduction for rare brain metastases located near eloquent brain structures."
8481,brain tumour,38465009,Acromegaly among a Moroccan population.,"Acromegaly is defined as an acquired dysmorphytic syndrome due to excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH) and consequently of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). This is a retrospective study of patients who were hospitalized in the Endocrinology Department of the Mohammed V Military Academic Hospital in Rabat over a period of 14 years (2008 to 2022), reporting on their clinical, paraclinical and evolutionary profiles and comparing the results with the data in the literature. Nineteen patients were included in our study. The mean age was 42.7 ± 11.6 years, with a male predominance. The clinical manifestations were dominated by a dysmorphic syndrome present in 97.4% of cases, followed by complications related to acromegaly in 88.9% of cases. The diagnosis was made when GH and IGF-1 values were elevated in 88.9% and 93.8% of cases, respectively; with a mean GH value of 25.1 μg/L. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to diagnose the location of pituitary adenoma in all cases, 78.9% of which were macroadenomas and 21.1% microadenomas. The majority of patients (78.9%) had recourse to transsphenoidal surgery. Medical treatment was carried out in 89.5% of cases. Postoperative radiotherapy was performed in 33% of cases. Disease control was achieved in 30.1% of cases. This study shows the complex management of acromegaly. Disease control is a necessary condition in order to avoid complications, but is often difficult to obtain."
8482,brain tumour,38464956,Dexmedetomidine target controlled infusion for awake craniotomy,"A 73-year-old woman underwent an awake craniotomy for the resection of a supratentorial brain tumour. We provided sedation for the surgery using a dexmedetomidine target controlled infusion using the Dyck pharmacokinetic model. Using a target controlled infusion allowed more rapid titration to the desired plasma level compared with a manual infusion, without any unexpected cardiovascular, respiratory or other complications. Rapid titration of sedation during awake craniotomy is desirable, allowing deeper sedation during stimulating parts of the surgery, followed by lighter sedation - or absence of sedation - during cortical mapping. While this can be performed manually, we found utilising the Dyck model in this case simple and quick to use, avoiding the need to manually calculate infusion rates. We believe this is the first report of using a target controlled infusion model to administer dexmedetomidine for awake craniotomy, and suggest it could be considered as an alternative to administering a manual infusion."
8483,brain tumour,38464949,Artificial-intelligence-driven measurements of brain metastases' response to SRS compare favorably with current manual standards of assessment.,Evaluation of treatment response for brain metastases (BMs) following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) becomes complex as the number of treated BMs increases. This study uses artificial intelligence (AI) to track BMs after SRS and validates its output compared with manual measurements.
8484,brain tumour,38464948,Tumor location and neurocognitive function-Unravelling the association and identifying relevant anatomical substrates in intra-axial brain tumors.,Neurocognitive function is a key outcome indicator of therapy in brain tumors. Understanding the underlying anatomical substrates involved in domain function and the pathophysiological basis of dysfunction can help ameliorate the effects of therapy and tailor directed rehabilitative strategies.
8485,brain tumour,38464935,Network-based analysis of heterogeneous patient-matched brain and extracranial melanoma metastasis pairs reveals three homogeneous subgroups.,"Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, can metastasize to different organs. Molecular differences between brain and extracranial melanoma metastases are poorly understood. Here, promoter methylation and gene expression of 11 heterogeneous patient-matched pairs of brain and extracranial metastases were analyzed using melanoma-specific gene regulatory networks learned from public transcriptome and methylome data followed by network-based impact propagation of patient-specific alterations. This innovative data analysis strategy allowed to predict potential impacts of patient-specific driver candidate genes on other genes and pathways. The patient-matched metastasis pairs clustered into three robust subgroups with specific downstream targets with known roles in cancer, including melanoma (SG1: "
8486,brain tumour,38464836,Effects of Banhabaekchulcheonma-Tang on Brain Injury and Cognitive Function Impairment Caused by Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Stenosis in a Mouse Model.,"Vascular dementia (VD) is the second most prevalent dementia type, with no drugs approved for its treatment. Here, the effects of Banhabaekchulcheonma-Tang (BBCT) on ischemic brain injury and cognitive function impairment were investigated in a bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) mouse model. Mice were divided into sham-operated, BCAS control, L-BBCT (40 ml/kg), and H-BBCT (80 ml/kg) groups. BBCT's effects were characterized using the Y-maze test, novel object recognition test (NORT), immunofluorescence staining, RNA sequencing, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses. The NORT revealed cognitive function improvement in the H-BBCT group, while the Y-maze test revealed no significant difference among the four groups. The CD68+ microglia and GFAP+ astrocyte numbers were reduced in the H-BBCT group. Furthermore, H-BBCT treatment restored the dysregulation of gene expression caused by BCAS. The major BBCT targets were predicted to be cell division cycle protein 20 (CDC20), Epidermal growth factor (EGF), and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1). BBCT regulates the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and neuropeptide signaling pathways, as predicted by KEGG and GO analyses, respectively. BBCT significantly improved cognitive impairment in a BCAS mouse model by inhibiting microglial and astrocyte activation and regulating the expression of CDC20, EGF, TRAF1, and key proteins in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and neuropeptide signaling pathways."
8487,brain tumour,38464823,Proteomics-based Model for Predicting the Risk of Brain Metastasis in Patients with Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma carrying the EGFR Mutation.,
8488,brain tumour,38464338,"Influence of Zika virus on the cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, apoptosis and inflammatory markers of glioblastoma cells.","Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most common types of brain tumor in adults. Despite the availability of treatments for this disease, GBM remains one of the most lethal and difficult types of tumors to treat, and thus, a majority of patients die within 2 years of diagnosis. Infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis, particularly in developing neuronal cells, and thus could potentially be considered an alternative for GBM treatment. In the present study, two GBM cell lines (U-138 and U-251) were infected with ZIKV at different multiplicities of infection (0.1, 0.01 and 0.001), and cell viability, migration, adhesion, induction of apoptosis, interleukin levels and CD14/CD73 cell surface marker expression were analyzed. The present study demonstrated that ZIKV infection promoted loss of cell viability and increased apoptosis in U-138 cells, as measured by MTT and triplex assay, respectively. Changes in cell migration, as determined by wound healing assay, were not observed; however, the GBM cell lines exhibited an increase in cell adhesion when compared with non-tumoral cells (Vero). The Luminex immunoassay showed a significant increase in the expression levels of IL-4 specifically in U-251 cells (MOI 0.001) following exposure to ZIKV. There was no significant change in the expression levels of IFN-γ upon ZIKV infection in the cell lines tested. Furthermore, a marked increase in the percentage of cells expressing the CD14 surface marker was observed in both GBM cell lines compared with in Vero cells; and significantly increased CD73 expression was observed particularly in U-251 cells, when compared with uninfected cells. These findings indicate that ZIKV infection could lead to reduced cell viability, elevated CD73 expression, improved cellular adherence, and higher rates of apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. Further studies are required to explore the potential use of ZIKV in the treatment of GBM."
8489,brain tumour,38464218,,"Metabolism has emerged as a key factor in homeostasis and disease including cancer. Yet, little is known about the heterogeneity of metabolic activity of cancer cells due to the lack of tools to directly probe it. Here, we present a novel method, "
8490,brain tumour,38464096,Diet-induced metabolic and immune impairments are sex-specifically modulated by soluble TNF signaling in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.,"Emerging evidence indicates that high-fat, high carbohydrate diet (HFHC) impacts central pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) across both human incidences and animal models. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. Here, we identify compartment-specific metabolic and inflammatory dysregulations that are induced by HFHC diet in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD pathology. We observe that both male and female 5xFAD mice display exacerbated adiposity, cholesterolemia, and dysregulated insulin signaling. Independent of biological sex, HFHC diet also resulted in altered inflammatory cytokine profiles across the gastrointestinal, circulating, and central nervous systems (CNS) compartments demonstrating region-specific impacts of metabolic inflammation. In male mice, we note that HFHC triggered increases in amyloid beta, an observation not seen in female mice. Interestingly, inhibiting the inflammatory cytokine, soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) with the brain-permeant soluble TNF inhibitor XPro1595 was able to restore aspects of HFHC-induced metabolic inflammation, but only in male mice. Targeted transcriptomics of CNS regions revealed that inhibition of soluble TNF was sufficient to alter expression of hippocampal and cortical genes associated with beneficial immune and metabolic responses. Collectively, these results suggest that HFHC diet impairs metabolic and inflammatory pathways in an AD-relevant genotype and that soluble TNF has sex-dependent roles in modulating these pathways across anatomical compartments. Modulation of energy homeostasis and inflammation may provide new therapeutic avenues for AD."
8491,brain tumour,38463981,Retrograde tracing of breast cancer-associated sensory neurons.,"Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality among women. The tumor microenvironment, consisting of host cells and extracellular matrix, has been increasingly studied for its interplay with cancer cells, and the resulting effect on tumor progression. While the breast is one of the most innervated organs in the body, the role of neurons, and specifically sensory neurons, has been understudied, mostly for technical reasons. One of the reasons is the anatomy of sensory neurons: sensory neuron somas are located in the spine, and their axons can extend longer than a meter across the body to provide innervation in the breast. Next, neurons are challenging to culture, and there are no cell lines adequately representing the diversity of sensory neurons. Finally, sensory neurons are responsible for transporting several different types of signals to the brain, and there are many different subtypes of sensory neurons. The subtypes of sensory neurons which innervate and interact with breast tumors are unknown. To establish the tools for labeling and subtyping neurons that interact with breast cancer cells, we utilized two retrograde tracer's standards in neuroscience, wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA) and cholera toxin subunit B (CTB). "
8492,brain tumour,38463784,Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals distinct transcriptomic profiles and evolutionary patterns in lung cancer brain metastasis.,"Lung cancer metastasis to the brain presents significant clinical challenges. Therefore, elucidating its underlying mechanisms and characterizing its transcriptomic landscape is essential for developing therapeutic interventions."
8493,brain tumour,38463418,"Influence of Blood Components on Neuroinflammation, Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown, and Functional Damage After Acute Subdural Hematoma in Rats.","A central component of injury development after acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is the increased intracranial pressure and consecutive mechanical reduction of cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, the role of different blood constituents in ASDH as additional lesioning factors remains unclear. This study examines the influence of blood components on neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, and functional deficits in a rat model of ASDH. We infused corpuscular (whole blood, whole blood lysate, and red cell blood) and plasmatic (blood plasma, anticoagulated blood plasma, and aqueous isotonic solution) blood components into the subdural space while CBF was monitored. Rats then underwent behavioral testing. Lesion analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed 2 days after ASDH. Inflammatory reaction was assessed using staining for ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, interleukin-1ß, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and membrane attack complex. Integrity of the BBB was evaluated with albumin and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) staining. We observed a significant drop in CBF in the corpuscular group (75% ± 7.5% of baseline) with distinct post-operative deficits and larger lesion volume compared to the plasmatic group (13.6 ± 5.4 vs. 1.3 ± 0.4 mm"
8494,brain tumour,38463398,Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screen identifies ,Epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted (
8495,brain tumour,38463225,Case report: Pathological complete response of pregnancy associated pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma to chemoradiotherapy.,"Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma (PEAC) is a rare lung adenocarcinoma with morphological features similar to those of primary and metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma. To date, only a few studies have reported the therapeutic effects of chemoradiotherapy on PEAC. This report describes the case of a 28-year-old woman with pregnancy-related PEAC who presented with left shoulder pain. A superior sulcus tumor was identified in the left thoracic cavity, and the biopsy indicated more than 50% intestinal differentiation components. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining revealed positive CDX2 and CK7 expression. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography, upper endoscopy, colonoscopy, and small intestinal capsule endoscopy revealed no gastrointestinal malignancies. The patient was diagnosed with locally advanced PEAC (clinical stage T4N0M0; stage IIIA). Therefore, the patient was treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy and underwent gross total resection during surgery. Pathological evaluation of the specimen revealed no residual tumor, indicating that the chemoradiotherapy for PEAC was highly effective. One subsequent brain metastasis was also resected, and the patient has not experienced recurrence in 28 months since this resection and continues to be monitored regularly. This is the first pathologically confirmed report of the use of chemoradiotherapy (carboplatin [CBDCA] and paclitaxel [PTX]) for PEAC and its clinical efficacy. Unlike previous reports, the efficacy of this treatment is attributed to the use of PTX in preoperative chemotherapy and the p21- status of the patient, which may have increased sensitivity to chemoradiation therapy. Therefore, chemoradiotherapy (CBDCA + PTX) may be a viable treatment option for advanced intestinal lung adenocarcinoma."
8496,brain tumour,38462406,Creation of signatures and identification of molecular subtypes of glioblastoma based on disulfidptosis-related genes for predicting patient prognosis and immunological activity.,"In recent times, disulfidptosis, an intricate form of cellular demise, has garnered attention due to its impact on prognosis, tumor progression and treatment response. Nevertheless, the exact significance of disulfidptosis-related genes (DisRGs) in glioblastoma (GBM) remains enigmatic."
8497,brain tumour,38462288,Scalable Swin Transformer network for brain tumor segmentation from incomplete MRI modalities.,"Deep learning methods have shown great potential in processing multi-modal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data, enabling improved accuracy in brain tumor segmentation. However, the performance of these methods can suffer when dealing with incomplete modalities, which is a common issue in clinical practice. Existing solutions, such as missing modality synthesis, knowledge distillation, and architecture-based methods, suffer from drawbacks such as long training times, high model complexity, and poor scalability."
8498,brain tumour,38462123,Autophagy inhibition suppresses hormone production and cell growth in pituitary tumor cells: A potential approach to pituitary tumors.,"Pituitary tumors (PTs) represent about 10% of all intracranial tumors, and most are benign. However, some PTs exhibit continued growth despite multimodal therapies. Although temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating chemotherapeutic agent, is a first-line medical treatment for aggressive PTs, some PTs are resistant to TMZ. Existing literature indicated the involvement of autophagy in cell growth in several types of tumors, including PTs, and autophagy inhibitors have anti-tumor effects. In this study, the expression of several autophagy-inducible genes, including Atg3, Beclin1, Map1lc3A, Map1lc3b, Ulk1, Wipi2, and Tfe3 in two PT cell lines, the mouse corticotroph AtT-20 cells and the rat mammosomatotroph GH4 cells were identified. Down regulation of Tfe3, a master switch of basal autophagy, using RNA interference, suppressed cell proliferation in AtT-20 cells, suggesting basal autophagy contributes to the maintenance of cellular functions in PT cells. Expectedly, treatment with bafilomycin A1, an autophagy inhibitor, suppressed cell proliferation, increased the cleavage of PARP1, and reduced ACTH production in AtT-20 cells. Treatment with two additional autophagy inhibitors, chloroquine (CQ) and monensin, demonstrated similar effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and ACTH production in AtT-20 cells. Also, treatment with CQ suppressed cell proliferation and growth hormone production in GH4 cells. Moreover, the combination of CQ and TMZ had an additive effect on the inhibition of cell proliferation in AtT-20 and GH4 cells. The additive effect of anti-cancer drugs such as CQ alone or in combination with TMZ may represent a novel therapeutic approach for PTs, in particular tumors with resistance to TMZ."
8499,brain tumour,38461728,"Acute, long-term or non-vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy among non-Hodgkin lymphoma survivors: Symptoms, daily activities, functional status, and quality of life.","This study aimed to explore the incidence and severity of vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) survivors (primary aim) and its impact on daily life by comparing common cancer symptoms, functional status, and quality of life (QoL) among survivors with acute, long-term, and non-VIPN (secondary aim)."
8500,brain tumour,38461531,Multifunctional Liposomes Targeting Amyloid-β Oligomers for Early Diagnosis and Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease.,"Early detection and treatment are crucial for Alzheimer's disease (AD) management. Current diagnostic and therapeutic methods focus on late-stage amyloid fibrils and plaques, overlooking toxic soluble amyloid β oligomers (AβOs) accumulating early in AD. A multifunctional liposome-based platform is designed for early diagnosis and therapy of AD, leveraging a novel self-assembled cyclic d,l-α-peptide (CP-2) that selectively targets AβOs. Biocompatible CP-2 conjugated liposomes (CP-2-LPs) effectively disrupt Aβ aggregation and mitigate Aβ-mediated toxicity in human neuroblastoma cells. In transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans AD models, CP-2-LPs significantly outperformed free CP-2 by improving cognitive and behavioral functions, extending lifespan, and reducing toxic AβO levels. Intravenous injection of fluorescently labeled CP-2-LPs reveals effective blood-brain barrier penetration, with significantly higher brain fluorescence in transgenic mice than WT, enabling precise diagnosis. These findings underscore CP-2-LPs as a valuable tool for early detection and targeted therapy in AD."
8501,brain tumour,38461500,Effect of gold-conjugated resveratrol nanoparticles on glioma cells and its underlying mechanism.," Glioblastoma is the most aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis. Although Resveratrol (Rsv) is known to have therapeutic effects on glioma, the effects of gold-conjugated resveratrol nanoparticles (Rsv-AuNPs) on glioma cells are rarely reported."
8502,brain tumour,38461438,Brain tumor classification for MRI images using dual-discriminator conditional generative adversarial network.,"This research focuses on improving the detection and classification of brain tumors using a method called Brain Tumor Classification using Dual-Discriminator Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (DDCGAN) for MRI images. The proposed system is implemented in the MATLAB programming language. In this study, images of the brain are taken from a dataset and processed to remove noise and enhance image quality. The brain pictures are taken from Brats MRI image dataset. The images are preprocessed using Structural interval gradient filtering to remove noises and improve the quality of the image. The preprocessing outcomes are given to feature extraction. The features are extracted by Empirical wavelet transform (EWT) and the extracted features are given to the Dual-discriminator conditional generative adversarial network (DDCGAN) for recognizing the brain tumor, which classifies the brain images into glioma, meningioma, pituitary gland, and normal. Then, the weight parameter of DDCGAN is optimized by utilizing Border Collie Optimization (BCO), which is a met a heuristic approach to handle the real world optimization issues. It maximizes the detection accurateness and reduced computational time. Implemented in MATLAB, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves a high sensitivity of 99.58%. The BCO-DDCGAN-MRI-BTC method outperforms existing techniques in terms of precision and sensitivity when compared to methods like Kernel Basis SVM (KSVM-HHO-BTC), Joint Training of Two-Channel Deep Neural Network (JT-TCDNN-BTC), and YOLOv2 including Convolutional Neural Network (YOLOv2-CNN-BTC). The research findings indicate that the proposed method enhances the accuracy of brain tumor classification while reducing computational time and errors."
8503,brain tumour,38461404,Red flags alerting a posterior cranial fossa tumor from audiovestibular perspectives - a review.,There is no comprehensive and up-to-date overview of audiovestibular approach to the posterior fossa tumors in the literature.
8504,brain tumour,38461330,Effect of serum concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α on brain structure in anorexia nervosa: a combined cross-sectional and longitudinal study.,"Previous studies of brain structure in anorexia nervosa (AN) have reported reduced gray matter in underweight patients, which largely normalizes upon weight gain. One underlying biological mechanism may be glial cell alterations related to low-grade inflammation. Here, we investigated relationships between brain structure as measured by magnetic resonance imaging and serum concentrations of two pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha) cross-sectionally in 82 underweight adolescent and young adult female patients (mean age 16.8 years; 59 of whom were observed longitudinally after short-term weight restoration; mean duration 2.8 months), 20 individuals long-term weight-recovered from AN (mean age 22.7 years) and 105 healthy control (HC) participants (mean age 17.2 years). We measured cortical thickness, subcortical volumes and local gyrification index, a measure of cortical folding. In contrast to most previous studies of cytokine concentrations in AN, we found no cross-sectional group differences (interleukin-6: p = 0.193, tumor necrosis factor alpha: p = 0.057) or longitudinal changes following weight restoration (interleukin-6: p = 0.201, tumor necrosis factor alpha: p = 0.772). As expected, widespread gray matter reductions (cortical thickness, subcortical volumes, cortical folding) were observed in underweight patients with AN compared to HC. However, we found no evidence of associations between cytokine concentrations and structural brain measures in any participant group. Furthermore, longitudinal changes in cytokine concentrations were unrelated to changes in gray matter. In conclusion, we did not identify any association between (sub-)inflammatory processes and structural brain changes in AN. Future studies are needed to elucidate which other factors besides nutritional status may contribute to brain morphological alterations."
8505,brain tumour,38461265,Multi-omics analysis of the gut microbiome and metabolites associated with the psychoneurological symptom cluster in children with cancer receiving chemotherapy.,"Children with cancer receiving chemotherapy commonly report a cluster of psychoneurological symptoms (PNS), including pain, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and cognitive dysfunction. The role of the gut microbiome and its functional metabolites in PNS is rarely studied among children with cancer. This study investigated the associations between the gut microbiome-metabolome pathways and PNS in children with cancer across chemotherapy as compared to healthy children."
8506,brain tumour,38461209,Treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with driver mutant non-small cell lung cancer and de novo brain metastases.,"Central nervous system (CNS) metastases can be seen at a rate of 30% in advanced stages for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Growing evidence indicates the predictive roles of driver gene mutations in the development of brain metastases (BM) in recent years, meaning that oncogene-driven NSCLC have a high incidence of BM at diagnosis. Today, 3rd generation targeted drugs with high intracranial efficacy, which can cross the blood-brain barrier, have made a positive contribution to survival for these patients with an increased propensity to BM. It is important to update the clinical and pathological factors reflected in the survival with real-life data. A multi-center, retrospective database of 306 patients diagnosed with driver mutant NSCLC and initially presented with BM between between November 2008 and September 2022 were analyzed. The median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 12.25 months (95% CI, 10-14.5). While 254 of the patients received tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), 51 patients received chemotherapy as first line treatment. The median intracranial PFS (iPFS) was 18.5 months (95% CI, 14.8-22.2). The median overall survival (OS) was 29 months (95% CI, 25.2-33.0). It was found that having 3 or less BM and absence of extracranial metastases were significantly associated with better mOS and iPFS. The relationship between the size of BM and survival was found to be non-significant. Among patients with advanced NSCLC with de novo BM carrying a driver mutation, long-term progression-free and overall survival can be achieved with the advent of targeted agents with high CNS efficacy with more conservative and localized radiotherapy modalities."
8507,brain tumour,38460907,Daurisoline suppress glioma progression by inhibiting autophagy through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and increases TMZ sensitivity.,"Glioma is one of the most common primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the only effective chemotherapeutic agent, but it easily develops resistance and has unsatisfactory efficacy. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop safe and effective compounds for glioma treatment. The cytotoxicity of 30 candidate compounds to glioma cells was detected by the CCK-8 assay. Daurisoline (DAS) was selected for further investigation due to its potent anti-glioma effects. Our study revealed that DAS induced glioma cell apoptosis through increasing caspase-3/6/9 activity. DAS significantly inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells by inducing G1-phase cell cycle arrest. Meanwhile, DAS remarkably suppressed the migration and invasion of glioma cells by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mechanistically, our results revealed that DAS impaired the autophagic flux of glioma cells at a late stage by mediating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. DAS could inhibit TMZ-induced autophagy and then significantly promote TMZ chemosensitivity. Nude mice xenograft model revealed that DAS could restrain glioma proliferation and promote TMZ chemosensitivity. Thus, DAS is a potential anti-glioma drug that can improve glioma sensitivity to TMZ and provide a new therapeutic strategy for glioma in chemoresistance."
8508,brain tumour,38460903,Purinergic Astrocyte Signaling Driven by TNF-α After Cannabidiol Administration Restores Normal Synaptic Remodeling Following Traumatic Brain Injury.,"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prevalent form of cranial trauma that results in neural conduction disruptions and damage to synaptic structures and functions. Cannabidiol (CBD), a primary derivative from plant-based cannabinoids, exhibits a range of beneficial effects, including analgesic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, anti-anxiety, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective properties. Nevertheless, the effects of synaptic reconstruction and the mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. TBI is characterized by increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a cytokine integral for the modulation of glutamate release by astrocytes. In the present study, the potential of CBD in regulating aberrant glutamate signal transmission in astrocytes following brain injury, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved, were investigated using immunofluorescence double staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot analysis, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Nissl staining, transmission electron microscopy, and RT-qPCR. In this study, we examined the impact of CBD on neuronal synapses, focusing on the TNF-α-driven purinergic signaling pathway. Specifically, our research revealed that CBD pretreatment effectively reduced the secretion of TNF-α induced by astrocyte activation following TBI. This reduction inhibited the interaction between TNF-α and P2Y1 receptors, leading to a decrease in the release of neurotransmitters, including Ca"
8509,brain tumour,38460751,"Tislelizumab Plus Platinum and Etoposide Versus Placebo Plus Platinum and Etoposide as First-Line Treatment for Extensive-Stage SCLC (RATIONALE-312): A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Phase 3 Clinical Trial.",Extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC) prognosis remains poor. The phase 3 RATIONALE-312 study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tislelizumab plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for ES-SCLC.
8510,brain tumour,38460644,FXR1 stabilizes SNORD63 to regulate blood-tumor barrier permeability through SNORD63 mediated 2'-O-methylation of POU6F1.,"How selectively increase blood-tumor barrier (BTB) permeability is crucial to enhance the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to brain tumor tissues. In this study, we established in vitro models of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and BTB using endothelial cells (ECs) co-cultured with human astrocytes (AECs) and glioma cells (GECs), respectively. The findings revealed high expressions of the RNA-binding protein FXR1 and SNORD63 in GECs, where FXR1 was found to bind and stabilize SNORD63. Knockdown of FXR1 resulted in decreased expression of tight-junction-related proteins and increased BTB permeability by down-regulating SNORD63. SNORD63 played a role in mediating the 2'-O-methylation modification of POU6F1 mRNA, leading to the downregulation of POU6F1 protein expression. POU6F1 showed low expression in GECs and acted as a transcription factor to regulate BTB permeability by binding to the promoter regions of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 mRNAs and negatively regulating their expressions. Finally, the targeted regulation of FXR1, SNORD63, and POU6F1 expressions, individually or in combination, effectively enhanced doxorubicin passage through the BTB and induced apoptosis in glioma cells. This study aims to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the FXR1/SNORD63/POU6F1 axis in regulating BTB permeability, offering a novel strategy to improve the efficacy of glioma chemotherapy."
8511,brain tumour,38460250,Comprehensive genomic profiling to identify actionable alterations for breast cancer brain metastases in the Chinese population.,"Breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) is a crucial issue in the treatment of breast cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed in clinical practice. In this study, we aimed to identify potential actionable targets in brain metastases (BMs) utilising the FoundationOne® CDx (F1CDx)."
8512,brain tumour,38460167,Metabolism/Immunity Dual-Regulation Thermogels Potentiating Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma Through Lactate-Excretion Inhibition and PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade.,"Intrinsic immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITM) and insufficient tumor infiltration of T cells severely impede the progress of glioblastoma (GBM) immunotherapy. In this study, it is identify that inhibiting the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) can facilitate the prevention of lactate excretion from tumor glycolysis, which significantly alleviates the lactate-driven ITM by reducing immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Simultaneously, the findings show that the generated inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ during immune activation aggravates the immune escape by upregulating immune checkpoint programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumor cells and TAMs. Therefore, an injectable thermogel loaded with a GLUT1 inhibitor BAY-876 and a PD-1/PD-L1 blocker BMS-1 (Gel@B-B) for dual-regulation of metabolism and immunity of GBM is developed. Consequently, in situ injection of Gel@B-B significantly delays tumor growth and prolongs the survival of the orthotopic GBM mouse model. By actively exposing tumor antigens to antigen-presenting cells, the GBM vaccine combined with Gel@B-B is found to significantly increase the fraction of effector T cells (Th1/CTLs) in the tumor microenvironment, thereby remarkably mitigating tumor recurrence long-term. This study may provide a promising strategy for GBM immunotherapy."
8513,brain tumour,38460130,"A therapeutically targetable positive feedback loop between lnc-HLX-2-7, HLX, and MYC that promotes group 3 medulloblastoma.","Recent studies suggest that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to medulloblastoma (MB) formation and progression. We have identified an lncRNA, lnc-HLX-2-7, as a potential therapeutic target in group 3 (G3) MBs. lnc-HLX-2-7 RNA specifically accumulates in the promoter region of HLX, a sense-overlapping gene of lnc-HLX-2-7, which activates HLX expression by recruiting multiple factors, including enhancer elements. RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation reveal that HLX binds to and activates the promoters of several oncogenes, including TBX2, LIN9, HOXM1, and MYC. Intravenous treatment with cerium-oxide-nanoparticle-coated antisense oligonucleotides targeting lnc-HLX-2-7 (CNP-lnc-HLX-2-7) inhibits tumor growth by 40%-50% in an intracranial MB xenograft mouse model. Combining CNP-lnc-HLX-2-7 with standard-of-care cisplatin further inhibits tumor growth and significantly prolongs mouse survival compared with CNP-lnc-HLX-2-7 monotherapy. Thus, the lnc-HLX-2-7-HLX-MYC axis is important for regulating G3 MB progression, providing a strong rationale for using lnc-HLX-2-7 as a therapeutic target for G3 MBs."
8514,brain tumour,38460009,Visual outcomes and optimal timing for repeat surgery in cases of postoperative hematoma following transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: A retrospective cohort study.,To investigate the visual outcomes and optimal timing for repeat surgery in cases of postoperative hematoma following transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs).
8515,brain tumour,38459978,Executive summary of the American Radium Society appropriate use criteria for brain metastases in epidermal growth factor receptor mutated-mutated and ALK-fusion non-small cell lung cancer.,"The American Radium Society (ARS) Central Nervous System (CNS) committee reviewed literature on epidermal growth factor receptor mutated (EGFRm) and ALK-fusion (ALK+) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for the treatment of brain metastases (BrMs) from non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) to generate appropriate use guidelines addressing use of TKIs in conjunction with or in lieu of radiotherapy (RT). The panel developed three key questions to guide systematic review: can radiotherapy be deferred in patients receiving EGFR or ALK TKIs at (1) diagnosis or (2) recurrence? Should TKI be administered concurrently with RT (3)? Two literature searches were performed (May 2019 and December 2023). The panel developed 8 model cases and voted on treatment options using a 9-point scale, with 1-3, 4-6 and 7-9 corresponding to usually not appropriate, may be appropriate, and usually appropriate (respectively), per the UCLA/RAND Appropriateness Method. Consensus was achieved in only 4 treatment scenarios, all consistent with existing ARS-AUC guidelines for multiple BrM. The panel did not reach consensus that RT can be appropriately deferred in patients with BrM receiving CNS penetrant ALK or EGFR TKIs, though median scores indicated deferral may be appropriate under most circumstances. Whole brain RT with concurrent TKI generated broad disagreement except in cases with 2-4 BrM, where it was considered usually not appropriate. We identified no definitive studies dictating optimal sequencing of TKIs and RT for EGFRm and ALK+ BrM. Until such studies are completed, the committee hopes these cases guide decision- making in this complex clinical space."
8516,brain tumour,38459900,Investigating executive functioning and episodic future thinking in Iranian women with breast cancer.,This study examined executive functioning and episodic future thinking among Iranian women with breast cancer.
8517,brain tumour,38459849,[Multiorgan Thromboembolism due to Thrombus in the Remnant Superior Pulmonary Vein After Left Upper Division Segmentectomy:Report of a Case].,"A 67 years old male had underwent left upper division segmentectomy. On the sixth day after surgery, he had developed unconsciousness, aphasia and unilateral spatial neglect. Brain MRI revealed a cerebral infarction, and percutaneous cerebral thrombectomy was performed. Enhanced computed tomography revealed thrombus formation in the remnant superior pulmonary vein (SPV), left renal infarction and right acute limb ischemia. After starting anticoagulant therapy with apixaban the thrombus reduced and neurological symptoms improved. A thrombus in the SPV may cause serious whole body organ infarction in the same way as a left atrial thrombus. It was suggested that left upper division segmentectomy was associated with the risk of remnant pulmonary vein thrombosis."
8518,brain tumour,38459598,Detection of HER2 expression using ,
8519,brain tumour,38459584,"""sCT-Feasibility"" - a feasibility study for deep learning-based MRI-only brain radiotherapy.","Radiotherapy (RT) is an important treatment modality for patients with brain malignancies. Traditionally, computed tomography (CT) images are used for RT treatment planning whereas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images are used for tumor delineation. Therefore, MRI and CT need to be registered, which is an error prone process. The purpose of this clinical study is to investigate the clinical feasibility of a deep learning-based MRI-only workflow for brain radiotherapy, that eliminates the registration uncertainty through calculation of a synthetic CT (sCT) from MRI data."
8520,brain tumour,38459540,"Characterization of preclinical Alzheimer's disease model: spontaneous type 2 diabetic cynomolgus monkeys with systemic pro-inflammation, positive biomarkers and developing AD-like pathology.","The key to the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is to be able to predict and diagnose AD at the preclinical or early stage, but the lack of a preclinical model of AD is the critical factor that causes this problem to remain unresolved."
8521,brain tumour,38459438,The first pineoblastoma case report of a patient with Sotos syndrome harboring NSD1 germline mutation.,"Germline mutations of NSD1 are associated with Sotos syndrome, characterized by distinctive facial features, overgrowth, and developmental delay. Approximately 3% of individuals with Sotos syndrome develop tumors. In this study, we describe an infant in pineoblastoma with facial anomalies, learning disability and mild autism at 1 years diagnosed as Sotos syndrome owing to carrying a novel mutation de novo germline NSD1 likely pathogenic variant. This patient expands both the mutation and phenotype spectrum of the Sotos Syndrome and provides new clinical insights into the potential mechanism of underlying pinealoblastoma pathology."
8522,brain tumour,38459167,Axicabtagene ciloleucel treatment is more effective in primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphomas than in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas: the Italian CART-SIE study.,"Axicabtagene ciloleucel showed efficacy for relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphomas (LBCL), including primary mediastinal B-cell lymphomas (PMBCL); however, only few PMBCLs were reported. Aim was to evaluate efficacy and safety of axicabtagene ciloleucel in patients with PMBCL compared to those with other LBCL, enrolled in the Italian prospective observational CART-SIE study. PMBCLs (n = 70) were younger, with higher percentage of bulky and refractory disease, compared to other LBCLs (n = 190). Median follow-up time for infused patients was 12.17 months (IQR 5.53,22.73). The overall (complete + partial) response rate (ORR,CR + PR) after bridging was 41% for PMBCL and 28% for other LBCL, p = 0.0102. Thirty days ORR was 78% (53/68) with 50% (34) CR in PMBCL, and 75% (141/187) with 53% (100) CR in other LBCL, p = 0.5457. Ninety days ORR was 69% (45/65) with 65% (42) CR in PMBCL, and 54% (87/162) with 47% (76) CR in other LBCL; progressive disease was 21% in PMBCL and 45% in other LBCL, p = 0.0336. Twelve months progression-free survival was 62% (95% CI: 51-75) in PMBCL versus 48% (95% CI: 41-57) in other LBCL, p = 0.0386. Twelve months overall survival was 86% (95% CI: 78-95) in PMBCL versus 71% (95% CI: 64-79) in other LBCL, p = 0.0034. All grade cytokine release syndrome was 88% (228/260); all grade neurotoxicity was 34% (88/260), with 6% of fatal events in PMBCL. Non-relapse mortality was 3%. In conclusion, PMBCLs achieved significantly better response and survival rates than other LBCLs."
8523,brain tumour,38459043,Data-driven energy landscape reveals critical genes in cancer progression.,"The evolution of cancer is a complex process characterized by stable states and transitions among them. Studying the dynamic evolution of cancer and revealing the mechanisms of cancer progression based on experimental data is an important topic. In this study, we aim to employ a data-driven energy landscape approach to analyze the dynamic evolution of cancer. We take Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) as an example. From the energy landscape, we introduce two quantitative indicators (transition probability and barrier height) to study critical shifts in KIRC cancer evolution, including cancer onset and progression, and identify critical genes involved in these transitions. Our results successfully identify crucial genes that either promote or inhibit these transition processes in KIRC. We also conduct a comprehensive biological function analysis on these genes, validating the accuracy and reliability of our predictions. This work has implications for discovering new biomarkers, drug targets, and cancer treatment strategies in KIRC."
8524,brain tumour,38458887,Machine-Learning and Radiomics-Based Preoperative Prediction of Ki-67 Expression in Glioma Using MRI Data.,"Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumours and constitute approximately half of all malignant glioblastomas. Unfortunately, patients diagnosed with malignant glioblastomas typically survive for less than a year. In light of this circumstance, genotyping is an effective means of categorising gliomas. The Ki67 proliferation index, a widely used marker of cellular proliferation in clinical contexts, has demonstrated potential for predicting tumour classification and prognosis. In particular, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a vital role in the diagnosis of brain tumours. Using MRI to extract glioma-related features and construct a machine learning model offers a viable avenue to classify and predict the level of Ki67 expression."
8525,brain tumour,38458809,Brain Re-Irradiation Or Chemotherapy: a phase II randomised trial of re-irradiation and chemotherapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (BRIOChe) - protocol for a multi-centre open-label randomised trial.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common adult primary malignant brain tumour. The condition is incurable and, despite aggressive treatment at first presentation, almost all tumours recur after a median of 7 months. The aim of treatment at recurrence is to prolong survival and maintain health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Chemotherapy is typically employed for recurrent GBM, often using nitrosourea-based regimens. However, efficacy is limited, with reported median survivals between 5 and 9 months from recurrence. Although less commonly used in the UK, there is growing evidence that re-irradiation may produce survival outcomes at least similar to nitrosourea-based chemotherapy. However, there remains uncertainty as to the optimum approach and there is a paucity of available data, especially with regards to HRQoL. Brain Re-Irradiation Or Chemotherapy (BRIOChe) aims to assess re-irradiation, as an acceptable treatment option for recurrent IDH-wild-type GBM."
8526,brain tumour,38458657,2023 MASCC and ESMO guideline update for the prevention of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.,"• Nausea and vomiting are considered amongst the most troublesome adverse events for patients receiving antineoplastics. • The guideline covers emetic risk classification, prevention and management of treatment-induced nausea and vomiting. • The Consensus Committee consisted of 34 multidisciplinary, health care professionals and three patient advocates. • Recommendations are based on evidence-based data (level of evidence) and the authors’ collective expert opinion (grade). • All recommendations are for the first course of antineoplastic therapy; modifications may be needed in subsequent courses."
8527,brain tumour,38458331,Columbianadin suppresses glioblastoma progression by inhibiting the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant glioma among brain tumors with low survival rate and high recurrence rate. Columbianadin (CBN) has pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, thrombogenesis-inhibiting and anti-tumor effects. However, it remains unknown that the effect of CBN on GBM cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms. In the present study, we found that CBN inhibited the growth and proliferation of GBM cells in a dose-dependent manner. Subsequently, we found that CBN arrested the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase and induced the apoptosis of GBM cells. In addition, CBN also inhibited the migration and invasion of GBM cells. Mechanistically, we chose network pharmacology approach by screening intersecting genes through targets of CBN in anti-GBM, performing PPI network construction followed by GO analysis and KEGG analysis to screen potential candidate signaling pathway, and found that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein Kinase-B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway was a potential target signaling pathway of CBN in anti-GBM. As expected, CBN treatment indeed inhibited the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in GBM cells. Furthermore, YS-49, an agonist of PI3K/Akt signaling, partially restored the anti-GBM effect of CBN. Finally, we found that CBN inhibited GBM growth in an orthotopic mouse model of GBM through inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Together, these results suggest that CBN has an anti-GBM effect by suppressing PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and is a promising drug for treating GBM effectively."
8528,brain tumour,38458147,Rationally Designed Benzobisthiadiazole-Based Covalent Organic Framework for High-Performance NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Therapy.,"Although being applied as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) fail the precise fluorescence imaging in vivo and phototherapy in deep-tissue, due to short excitation/emission wavelengths. Herein, this work proposes the first example of NIR-II emissive and benzobisthiadiazole-based COF-980. Comparing to its ligands, the structure of COF-980 can more efficiently reducing the energy gap (ΔE"
8529,brain tumour,38458118,"Mobile phone use and brain tumour risk - COSMOS, a prospective cohort study.","Each new generation of mobile phone technology has triggered discussions about potential carcinogenicity from exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). Available evidence has been insufficient to conclude about long-term and heavy mobile phone use, limited by differential recall and selection bias, or crude exposure assessment. The Cohort Study on Mobile Phones and Health (COSMOS) was specifically designed to overcome these shortcomings."
8530,brain tumour,38458037,Clinical features and prognostic factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with brain metastases.,"Brain metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a rare occurrence, and the characteristics of patients in this subgroup remain poorly defined. This study aims to delineate the clinical features, treatment modalities, prognostic factors, and survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with brain metastasis."
8531,brain tumour,38457957,Maternal smoking and the risk of childhood brain tumors.,No abstract found
8532,brain tumour,38457839,Equivalent uniform aerobic dose in radiotherapy for hypoxic tumors.,
8533,brain tumour,38457814,Risk factors for postoperative ventriculoperitoneal shunt requirement in pediatric patients with brain tumors invading or adjacent to CSF circulation pathways.,Hydrocephalus is a common comorbidity of brain tumors in children that may persist following brain tumor resection. This study aimed to explore perioperative risk factors associated with postoperative ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement for tumors located at or adjacent to the CSF circulation pathway.
8534,brain tumour,38457797,The role of medical illustration in the evolution of transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.,"Medical illustration played a crucial, yet often overlooked, role in the evolution of pituitary surgery. From the late 1800s to the present, many preeminent surgeons, in partnership with their surgical illustrator collaborators, developed and then shifted the paradigm of pituitary surgery, from an open procedure with high mortality and morbidity, to an endonasal approach with high success rates that is widely utilized today. This work aims to highlight the role of surgical illustrators as partners to their physician colleagues, creating artistically accessible road maps that shaped the development of the transsphenoidal approach."
8535,brain tumour,38457795,Laser interstitial thermal therapy for new and recurrent meningioma: a prospective and retrospective case series.,"Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults and a subset are aggressive lesions resistant to standard therapies. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) has been successfully applied to other brain tumors, and recent work aims to explore the safety and long-term outcome experiences of LITT for both new and recurrent meningiomas. The authors' objective was to report safety and outcomes data of the largest cohort of LITT-treated meningioma patients to date."
8536,brain tumour,38457785,Berberine as a potential enhancer for 5-ALA-mediated fluorescence in glioblastoma: increasing detectability of infiltrating glioma stem cells to optimize 5-ALA-guided surgery.,"The prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) correlates with residual tumor volume after surgery. In fluorescence-guided surgery, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been used to maximize resection while avoiding neurological morbidity. However, not all tumor cells, particularly glioma stem cells (GSCs), display 5-ALA-mediated protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence (5-ALA fluorescence). The authors searched for repositioned drugs that affect mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism, identifying berberine (BBR) as a potential enhancer of 5-ALA fluorescence. In this study, they investigated whether BBR can enhance 5-ALA fluorescence in GSCs and whether BBR can be applied to clinical practice as a 5-ALA fluorescence enhancer."
8537,brain tumour,38457690,Metastatic Tonsil Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Important Consideration in the Differential Diagnosis of Malignant Basaloid Neoplasms in the Skin: Case Report and Review of the Literature.,"Malignant basaloid neoplasms of the skin are frequent, and their accurate diagnosis holds paramount importance for treatment and prognosis. However, these neoplasms can present diagnostic challenges because of their extensive differential diagnosis, which encompasses cutaneous metastasis among many other possibilities. We present a case of a 74-year-old man with a history of p16-positive palatine tonsil squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with surgery and adjuvant radiation with no prior evidence of recurrence who presented to the dermatologist with 2 chin papules. The initial histopathologic evaluation of these lesions showed poorly differentiated malignant basaloid neoplasms. Subsequently, these biopsies were compared with the previous biopsies from his tonsil and lymph node, which showed similar findings including positive p16 staining and positive molecular testing for human papillomavirus-16, confirming the diagnosis of cutaneous metastasis from his previously diagnosed human papillomavirus-related tonsil SCC. Additional imaging studies found metastases to internal organs including the brain, and he was started on chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy. Cutaneous metastases from tonsil SCC are exceedingly rare, and only 5 cases have been described. Furthermore, this is the first case confirming the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus by molecular studies within the cutaneous metastases. The presented case underscores the importance of recognizing this unusual manifestation of tonsil SCC metastatic to the skin along with a good clinical patient history, ensuring accurate and prompt diagnosis and treatment of this condition."
8538,brain tumour,38457659,Assessment of DNA/RNA Deregulation in Cancer Using ,No abstract found
8539,brain tumour,38457543,Coxsackie B virus-induced myocarditis in a patient with a history of lymphoma: A case report and review of literature.,"In rare occasions, coxsackievirus infections can cause serious illness, such as encephalitis and myocarditis. The immunotherapies of cancer could increase the risk of myocarditis, especially when applying immune checkpoint inhibitors. Herein, we report a rare case of Coxsackie B virus-induced myocarditis in a patient with a history of lymphoma."
8540,brain tumour,38457246,HSPB1 promotes tumor invasion by inducing angiogenesis in PitNETs.,"The clinical diagnosis and treatment of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) that invade the cavernous sinus are fraught with difficulties and challenges. Exploring the biological characteristics involved in the occurrence and development of PitNETs that invade the cavernous sinus will help to elucidate the mechanism of cavernous sinus invasion. There are differences between intrasellar tumors (IST) and cavernous sinus-invasion tumors (CST) in ultramicrostructure, tumor microenvironment (TME), gene expression, and signaling pathways. The microvascular endothelial cell is increased in CST. The VEGFR signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, and chemokine signaling pathway are activated in CST. HSPB1 is upregulated in CST and promotes cell proliferation, cell viability, and migration. HSPB1 promotes the release of VEGF from GT1-1 cells and activates the VEGF signaling pathway in bEnd.3 cells. HSPB1 promotes the migration of bEnd.3 cells to GT1-1 cells and promotes the formation of blood vessels of bEnd.3 cells. bEnd.3 cells can release CCL3 and CCL4 and promote the vitality, proliferation, and migration of GT1-1 cells. HSPB1 promotes the formation of blood vessels of bEnd.3 cells and ultimately leads to tumor growth in vivo. HSPB1 acts as a key gene for invasion of the cavernous sinus in PitNETs, remodeling TME by promoting the formation of blood vessels of brain microvascular endothelial cells. The synergistic effect of tumor cells and microvascular endothelial cells promotes tumor progression. The mechanism by which HSPB1 promotes tumor invasion by inducing angiogenesis in PitNETs may be a new target for the treatment of PitNETs invading the cavernous sinus."
8541,brain tumour,38457205,Enhanced clinical outcomes with radiotherapy in diagnostically challenging intracranial plasmacytomas: Analysis of 190 cases.,"Intracranial plasmacytomas are rare tumors arising from plasma cells with approximately half of the cases progressing to multiple myeloma (MM). However, there is a lack of comprehensive clinical cohort analysis on the clinical and pathological features, progression, and outcomes of intracranial plasmacytomas."
8542,brain tumour,38457091,Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in craniopharyngiomas: A systematic review and single arm meta-analysis.,"Numerous studies have demonstrated Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy's (FSRT) effectiveness in tumor control post-resection for craniopharyngiomas. Nevertheless, past literature has presented conflicting findings particularly regarding endocrine and visual function outcomes. This study aims to elucidate FSRT's efficacy and safety for this population."
8543,brain tumour,38457090,The role of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with H3K27 altered diffuse midline gliomas: a multicentric retrospective study.,Adult Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a very rare disease. DMGs are currently treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy even if only a few retrospective studies assessed the impact on overall survival (OS) of these approaches.
8544,brain tumour,38457057,Optimizing patient outcome in intracranial tumor surgery: a detailed prospective study of adverse events and mortality reduction strategies in neurosurgery.,"Brain tumor surgery represents a critical and high-risk area within the field of neurosurgery. Our study aims to offer a comprehensive analysis of adverse events (AEs) from a prospectively maintained database at a leading neurosurgical tertiary center, with a specific focus on different types of tumor entities."
8545,brain tumour,38457018,Cannabinoids in the treatment of glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent primary malignant tumor of the nervous system. While the treatment of other neoplasms is increasingly more efficacious the median survival rate of GBM patients remains low and equals about 14 months. Due to this fact, there are intensive efforts to find drugs that would help combat GBM. Nowadays cannabinoids are becoming more and more important in the field of cancer and not only because of their properties of antiemetic drugs during chemotherapy. These compounds may have a direct cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. Studies indicate GBM has disturbances in the endocannabinoid system-changes in cannabinoid metabolism as well as in the cannabinoid receptor expression. The GBM cells show expression of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1R and CB2R), which mediate various actions of cannabinoids. Through these receptors, cannabinoids inhibit the proliferation and invasion of GBM cells, along with changing their morphology. Cannabinoids also induce an intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in the tumor. Hence the use of cannabinoids in the treatment of GBM may be beneficial to the patients. So far, studies focusing on using cannabinoids in GBM therapy are mainly preclinical and involve cell lines and mice. The results are promising and show cannabinoids inhibit GBM growth. Several clinical studies are also being carried out. The preliminary results show good tolerance of cannabinoids and prolonged survival after administration of these drugs. In this review, we describe the impact of cannabinoids on GBM and glioma cells in vitro and in animal studies. We also provide overview of clinical trials on using cannabinoids in the treatment of GBM."
8546,brain tumour,38456920,Pediatric neurosurgery training during residency in Switzerland and the need for dedicated subspecialization training.,"Pediatric Neurosurgery as a subspeciality started to emerge during the late 1950s, with only a few dedicated pediatric neurosurgeons in the Western world. Over the last few decades, the awareness that children require subspecialized care by dedicated pediatric neurosurgeons and an interdisciplinary team has been growing worldwide, leading to an increase in pediatric neurosurgeons. Several studies have shown that subspecialized care for pediatric patients improves outcomes and is cost-effective. This survey aims to assess the current setting of pediatric neurosurgery and training of neurosurgical residents in pediatric neurosurgery in Switzerland."
8547,brain tumour,38456912,MR Imaging Characteristics of Solitary Fibrous Tumors of the Orbit : Case Series of 18 Patients.,Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the orbit is a rare tumor that was first described in 1994. We aimed to investigate its imaging characteristics that may facilitate the differential diagnosis between SFT and other types of orbital tumors.
8548,brain tumour,38456492,Postradiation platinum-etoposide in adult medulloblastomas: retrospective analysis of hematological toxicity.,
8549,brain tumour,38456320,IDH-mutant astrocytoma arising from a demyelinating plaque in a child with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.,No abstract found
8550,brain tumour,38456228,Long non-coding RNA lung cancer-associated transcript-1 promotes glioblastoma progression by enhancing Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha activity.,"Hypoxia is associated with poor prognosis in many cancers including glioblastoma (GBM). Glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) often reside in hypoxic regions and serve as reservoirs for disease progression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in GBM. However, the lncRNAs that modulate GSC adaptations to hypoxia are poorly understood. Identification of these lncRNAs may provide new therapeutic strategies to target GSCs under hypoxia."
8551,brain tumour,38455963,Case report: Successful treatment of a rare HER2-positive advanced breast squamous cell carcinoma.,
8552,brain tumour,38455669,Blocking TGF-β- and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)-mediated activation of vessel-associated mural cells in glioblastoma impacts tumor angiogenesis.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. GBM displays excessive and unfunctional vascularization which may, among others, be a reason for its devastating prognosis. Pericytes have been identified as the major component of the irregular vessel structure in GBM. "
8553,brain tumour,38455639,,"Aluminum, a well-recognized neurotoxin, is implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders. "
8554,brain tumour,38455415,Galectin inhibitors and nanoparticles as a novel therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma multiforme.,"Over the past two decades, the gold standard of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment is unchanged and adjunctive therapy has offered little to prolong both quality and quantity of life. To improve pharmacotherapy for GBM, galectins are being studied provided their positive correlation with the malignancy and disease severity. Despite the use of galectin inhibitors and literature displaying the ability of the lectin proteins to decrease tumor burden and decrease mortality within various malignancies, galectin inhibitors have not been studied for GBM therapy. Interestingly, anti-galectin siRNA delivered in nanoparticle capsules, assisting in blood brain barrier penetrance, is well studied for GBM, and has demonstrated a remarkable ability to attenuate both galectin and tumor count. Provided that the two therapies have an analogous anti-galectin effect, it is hypothesized that galectin inhibitors encapsuled within nanoparticles will likely have a similar anti-galectin effect in GBM cells and further correlate to a repressed tumor burden."
8555,brain tumour,38455248,Central nervous system tumors of uncertain differentiation.,"The 2021 World Health Organization classification for brain tumors introduced several new entities and categories.Tumors of uncertain differentiation are a new subcategory that includes the intracranial mesenchymal tumor, FET-CREB fusion-positive; the CIC-rearranged sarcoma; and the Primary intracranial sarcoma, DICER1-mutant."
8556,brain tumour,38455247,Automated volumetry of meningiomas in contrast-enhanced T1-Weighted MRI using deep learning.,"Meningiomas are among the most common intracranial tumors. In these tumors, volumetric assessment is not only important for planning therapeutic intervention but also for follow-up examination.However, a highly accurate automated volumetric method for meningiomas using single-modality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has not yet been reported. Here, we aimed to develop a deep learning-based automated volumetry method for meningiomas in MRI and investigate its accuracy and potential clinical applications."
8557,brain tumour,38455134,Bridging the gap: Predicting brain metastasis in breast cancer.,Chen 
8558,brain tumour,38455131,Updates on management of gliomas in the molecular age.,"Gliomas are primary brain tumors derived from glial cells of the central nervous system, afflicting both adults and children with distinct characteristics and therapeutic challenges. Recent developments have ushered in novel clinical and molecular prognostic factors, reshaping treatment paradigms based on classification and grading, determined by histological attributes and cellular lineage. This review article delves into the diverse treatment modalities tailored to the specific grades and molecular classifications of gliomas that are currently being discussed and used clinically in the year 2023. For adults, the therapeutic triad typically consists of surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. In contrast, pediatric gliomas, due to their diversity, require a more tailored approach. Although complete tumor excision can be curative based on the location and grade of the glioma, certain non-resectable cases demand a chemotherapy approach usually involving, vincristine and carboplatin. Additionally, if surgery or chemotherapy strategies are unsuccessful, Vinblastine can be used. Despite recent advancements in treatment methodologies, there remains a need of exploration in the literature, particularly concerning the efficacy of treatment regimens for isocitrate dehydrogenase type mutant astrocytomas and fine-tuned therapeutic approaches tailored for pediatric cohorts. This review article explores into the therapeutic modalities employed for both adult and pediatric gliomas in the context of their molecular classification."
8559,brain tumour,38454900,"Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Sertraline on Cognitive Level, Inflammatory Response and Neurological Function in Depressive Disorder Patients with Non-suicidal Self-injury Behavior.","Depressive disorder is a chronic mental illness characterized by persistent low mood as its primary clinical symptom. Currently, psychotherapy and drug therapy stand as the primary treatment modalities in clinical practice, offering a certain degree of relief from negative emotions for patients. Nevertheless, sole reliance on drug therapy exhibits a delayed impact on neurotransmitters, and long-term usage often results in adverse side effects such as nausea, drowsiness, and constipation, significantly impeding medication adherence. This study aims to investigate the impact of combining transcranial magnetic stimulation with sertraline on the cognitive level, inflammatory response, and neurological function in patients with depressive disorder who engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior."
8560,brain tumour,38454614,Microglia and glioblastoma heterocellular interplay sustains tumour growth and proliferation as an off-target effect of radiotherapy.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), a WHO grade IV glioma, is a malignant primary brain tumour for which combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the first-line approach despite adverse effects. Tumour microenvironment (TME) is characterized by an interplay of cells and soluble factors holding a critical role in neoplastic development. Significant pathophysiological changes have been found in GBM TME, such as glia activation and oxidative stress. Microglia play a crucial role in favouring GBM growth, representing target cells of immune escape mechanisms. Our study aims at analysing radiation-induced effects in modulating intercellular communication and identifying the basis of protective mechanisms in radiation-naïve GBM cells. Tumour cells were treated with conditioned media (CM) derived from 0, 2 or 15 Gy irradiated GBM cells or 0, 2 or 15 Gy irradiated human microglia. We demonstrated that irradiated microglia promote an increase of GBM cell lines proliferation through paracrine signalling. On the contrary, irradiated GBM-derived CM affect viability, triggering cell death mechanisms. In addition, we investigated whether these processes involve mitochondrial mass, fitness and oxidative phosphorylation and how GBM cells respond at these induced alterations. Our study suggests that off-target radiotherapy modulates microglia to support GBM proliferation and induce metabolic modifications."
8561,brain tumour,38454561,Ectopic Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors/Adenomas Around the Sella Turcica.,"Functional or non-secretory ectopic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) can form around the sella turcica during the development of the adenohypophysis by differentiating and detaching from the pharyngeal roof. These tumors usually appear in the sphenoid sinus, clivus, cavernous sinus, infundibulum, and suprasellar cistern. Ectopic PitNETs typically display the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings of pituitary adenomas. However, preoperative diagnosis of PitNETs is usually challenging because of the variety of clinical and imaging presentations, locations, and sizes. Ectopic suprasellar PitNETs resemble mass lesions in the pituitary stalk. Ectopic cavernous sinus of PitNETs are typically microadenomas in the medial wall. Ectopic sphenoclival tumors are characterized by more aggressive tumor activity than the other ectopic PitNETs. Although ectopic PitNETs are exceedingly rare, they should be considered as a differential diagnosis for masses around the sella turcica. Treatment of the disease should be individualized and may include medical care, surgical resection, gamma-knife radiosurgery, and radiotherapy."
8562,brain tumour,38454443,"Regulation of cancer stem cells by CXCL1, a chemokine whose secretion is controlled by MCM2.",A high expression pattern of minichromosome maintenance 2 (MCM2) has been observed in various cancers. MCM2 is a protein involved in the cell cycle and plays a role in cancer growth and differentiation by binding to six members of the MCM subfamily. The MCM protein family includes MCM2 through MCM7.
8563,brain tumour,38454422,Clinical characteristics and prognoses in pediatric neuroblastoma with bone or liver metastasis: data from the SEER 2010-2019.,"To investigate clinical characteristics, prognoses, and impacts of treatments on prognoses of neuroblastoma patients with bone or liver metastasis."
8564,brain tumour,38454344,p53/E2F7 axis promotes temozolomide chemoresistance in glioblastoma multiforme.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain cancer, and chemoresistance poses a significant challenge to the survival and prognosis of GBM. Although numerous regulatory mechanisms that contribute to chemoresistance have been identified, many questions remain unanswered. This study aims to identify the mechanism of temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in GBM."
8565,brain tumour,38454173,Prediction of tumor-reactive T cell receptors from scRNA-seq data for personalized T cell therapy.,"The identification of patient-derived, tumor-reactive T cell receptors (TCRs) as a basis for personalized transgenic T cell therapies remains a time- and cost-intensive endeavor. Current approaches to identify tumor-reactive TCRs analyze tumor mutations to predict T cell activating (neo)antigens and use these to either enrich tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) cultures or validate individual TCRs for transgenic autologous therapies. Here we combined high-throughput TCR cloning and reactivity validation to train predicTCR, a machine learning classifier that identifies individual tumor-reactive TILs in an antigen-agnostic manner based on single-TIL RNA sequencing. PredicTCR identifies tumor-reactive TCRs in TILs from diverse cancers better than previous gene set enrichment-based approaches, increasing specificity and sensitivity (geometric mean) from 0.38 to 0.74. By predicting tumor-reactive TCRs in a matter of days, TCR clonotypes can be prioritized to accelerate the manufacture of personalized T cell therapies."
8566,brain tumour,38454017,Brain tumour microstructure is associated with post-surgical cognition.,"Brain tumour microstructure is potentially predictive of changes following treatment to cognitive functions subserved by the functional networks in which they are embedded. To test this hypothesis, intra-tumoural microstructure was quantified from diffusion-weighted MRI to identify which tumour subregions (if any) had a greater impact on participants' cognitive recovery after surgical resection. Additionally, we studied the role of tumour microstructure in the functional interaction between the tumour and the rest of the brain. Sixteen patients (22-56 years, 7 females) with brain tumours located in or near speech-eloquent areas of the brain were included in the analyses. Two different approaches were adopted for tumour segmentation from a multishell diffusion MRI acquisition: the first used a two-dimensional four group partition of feature space, whilst the second used data-driven clustering with Gaussian mixture modelling. For each approach, we assessed the capability of tumour microstructure to predict participants' cognitive outcomes after surgery and the strength of association between the BOLD signal of individual tumour subregions and the global BOLD signal. With both methodologies, the volumes of partially overlapped subregions within the tumour significantly predicted cognitive decline in verbal skills after surgery. We also found that these particular subregions were among those that showed greater functional interaction with the unaffected cortex. Our results indicate that tumour microstructure measured by MRI multishell diffusion is associated with cognitive recovery after surgery."
8567,brain tumour,38453934,Alpha5 nicotine acetylcholine receptor subunit promotes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma metastasis.,"Neurotransmitter-initiated signaling pathway were reported to play an important role in regulating the malignant phenotype of tumor cells. Cancer cells could exhibit a ""neural addiction"" property and build up local nerve networks to achieve an enhanced neurotransmitter-initiated signaling through nerve growth factor-mediated axonogenesis. Targeting the dysregulated nervous systems might represent a novel strategy for cancer treatment. However, whether intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) could build its own nerve networks and the role of neurotransmitters in the progression ICC remains largely unknown. Immunofluorescence staining and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay suggested that ICC cells and the infiltrated nerves could generate a tumor microenvironment rich in acetylcholine that promotes ICC metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Acetylcholine promoted ICC metastasis through interacting with its receptor, alpha 5 nicotine acetylcholine receptor subunits (CHRNA5). Furthermore, acetylcholine/CHRNA5 axis activated GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway partially through the influx of Ca"
8568,brain tumour,38453869,[Suddenly confused: Necessity for timely follow-up after elective prolactinoma resection].,"If during pituitary surgery injuries of the hypothalamus, the pituitary stalk and the anterior/posterior pituitary gland happen, corresponding hormone-related disorders can occur. Postoperative hyponatremia usually develops between the 5th and 8th postoperative day. Therefore, after a transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection, close postoperative monitoring of pituitary function (with regard to pituitary insufficiency) and water metabolism (to avoid abrupt fluctuations in the sodium level in the blood) is of great importance."
8569,brain tumour,38453805,Could the combination of immunotherapy and target therapy be a potential double edge sword for glioblastoma treatment? A correspondence.,No abstract found
8570,brain tumour,38453783,Survival analysis of patients with brain metastases at initial breast cancer diagnosis over the last decade.,"There have been significant advances in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (BC) over the past years, and long-term outcomes after a diagnosis of brain metastases are lacking. We aimed to identify predictors of brain metastases at initial breast cancer diagnosis, describe overall survival (OS) in the past decade, and identify factors associated with OS after brain metastases diagnosis."
8571,brain tumour,38453699,Vitexin enhances radiosensitivity of mouse subcutaneous xenograft glioma by affecting the miR-17-5p/miR-130b-3p/PTEN/HIF-1α pathway.,"Vitexin can cooperate with hyperbaric oxygen to sensitize the radiotherapy of glioma by inhibiting the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. However, whether vitexin has a direct radiosensitization and how it affects the HIF-1α expression remain unclear. This study investigated these issues."
8572,brain tumour,38453698,Visual hallucinations after resection of cerebral metastases: two patients with complex phantom images.,"Complex visual hallucinations are rarely seen in neurooncology. They are commonly observed alongside psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia or dementia, in Parkinson's or Lewy-body disease, after opioid medications or anesthesia, and, in particular, they appear with visual impairments."
8573,brain tumour,38453659,Personalized radiation therapy for glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor with an estimated 14,000 Americans diagnosed with this disease annually. This disease is treated with maximal surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiation therapy. Radiation therapy was initially delivered to the whole brain and with no concurrent or adjuvant systemic therapy. Advances in imaging and treatment delivery have allowed for partial brain irradiation to minimize radiation dose to normal structures, as well as sparing structures important for memory such as the hippocampus, decreasing morbidity and toxicity. While there is no consensus on the optimal radiation volume needed to successfully treat glioblastoma, there is consensus that the tumor bed with margin is preferable to treatment of the whole brain. Additionally, advances in knowledge regarding tumor biology have demonstrated the benefit of concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy, as well as demonstrated that methylation of genes in the tumor can predispose greater responsiveness to chemotherapy. The following review describes the advancements in specific radiation techniques that have been used to improve the therapeutic ratio for management of glioblastoma and methods used to personalize radiation treatment for patients based on genomic markers as well as clinical factors. The review also describes future investigations that are currently taking place in order to enable a further improvement of clinical outcomes for patients with glioblastoma."
8574,brain tumour,38453613,IGSF8 is a potential target for the treatment of gliomas.,"Immunoglobulin superfamily member 8, or IGSF8, is a member of the recently identified immunoglobulin family of proteins. It is mostly produced on cell membranes and has a unique transmembrane structure. It has recently been demonstrated that there is a strong correlation between the expression variation of IGSF8 and the growth of gliomas. Therefore, we used data from the TCGA and CGGA databases to evaluate the function of IGSF8."
8575,brain tumour,38453529,Epigenetic regulation of tumor-immune symbiosis in glioma.,"Glioma is a type of aggressive and incurable brain tumor. Patients with glioma are highly resistant to all types of therapies, including immunotherapies. Epigenetic reprogramming is a key molecular hallmark in tumors across cancer types, including glioma. Mounting evidence highlights a pivotal role of epigenetic regulation in shaping tumor biology and therapeutic responses through mechanisms involving both glioma cells and immune cells, as well as their symbiotic interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of epigenetic regulation that impacts glioma cell biology and tumor immunity in both a cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous manner. Moreover, we provide an overview of potential therapeutic approaches that can disrupt epigenetic-regulated tumor-immune symbiosis in the glioma TME."
8576,brain tumour,38453417,"Improved Detection of Target Metabolites in Brain Tumors with Intermediate TE, High SNR, and High Bandwidth Spin-Echo Sequence at 5T.","Due to high chemical shift displacement, challenges emerge at ultra-high fields when measuring metabolites using "
8577,brain tumour,38453411,Comparison of Volumetric and 2D Measurements and Longitudinal Trajectories in the Response Assessment of ,"Response on imaging is widely used to evaluate treatment efficacy in clinical trials of pediatric gliomas. While conventional criteria rely on 2D measurements, volumetric analysis may provide a more comprehensive response assessment. There is sparse research on the role of volumetrics in pediatric gliomas. Our purpose was to compare 2D and volumetric analysis with the assessment of neuroradiologists using the Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS) in "
8578,brain tumour,38453410,Arterial Spin-Labeling and DSC Perfusion Metrics Improve Agreement in Neuroradiologists' Clinical Interpretations of Posttreatment High-Grade Glioma Surveillance MR Imaging-An Institutional Experience.,"MR perfusion has shown value in the evaluation of posttreatment high-grade gliomas, but few studies have shown its impact on the consistency and confidence of neuroradiologists' interpretation in routine clinical practice. We evaluated the impact of adding MR perfusion metrics to conventional contrast-enhanced MR imaging in posttreatment high-grade glioma surveillance imaging."
8579,brain tumour,38453408,Synthesizing Contrast-Enhanced MR Images from Noncontrast MR Images Using Deep Learning.,Recent developments in deep learning methods offer a potential solution to the need for alternative imaging methods due to concerns about the toxicity of gadolinium-based contrast agents. The purpose of the study was to synthesize virtual gadolinium contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR images from noncontrast multiparametric MR images in patients with primary brain tumors by using deep learning.
8580,brain tumour,38453321,Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Lung Tumors: Adding a New Layer of Complexity on Pie Slices.,No abstract found
8581,brain tumour,38453158,Successful treatment with selpercatinib after pralsetinib-related pneumonitis and intracranial failure in a patient with RET-rearranged nonsmall cell lung cancer.,"Pralsetinib and selpercatinib are two highly potent and selective rearranged during transfection (RET) inhibitors that substantially improved the clinical outcome of patients with RET-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer. Treatment with one RET inhibitor after failure of the other is generally not recommended because of cross-resistance mechanisms. We report the case of a patient affected by metastatic RET-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer who experienced long-lasting disease control with pralsetinib. After 13 months from treatment start, the patient developed recurrent drug-related pneumonitis, requiring temporary interruptions and dose reductions and eventually failing to control the disease. Selpercatinib was then started as an off-label treatment, allowing both clinical and radiological intracranial disease control. Selpercatinib was well-tolerated at full dosage, and no pulmonary event occurred. In our case report, after pralsetinib dose reduction due to pulmonary toxicity, the therapeutic switch to selpercatinib allowed the patient to receive a full-dose treatment, eventually restoring disease control. Our case report and a few literature data suggest that switching from pralsetinib to selpercatinib may represent a therapeutic opportunity, especially for patients with brain metastases."
8582,brain tumour,38452695,Effectively α-Terpineol Suppresses Glioblastoma Aggressive Behavior and Downregulates KDELC2 Expression.,Glioblastoma (GBM) is notorious for the aggressive behaviors and easily results in chemo-resistance. Studies have shown that the use of herbal medicines as treatments for GBM as limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and glioma stem cells.
8583,brain tumour,38452600,Outcomes of patients with advanced epithelial growth factor receptor mutant lung cancer treated with first-line osimertinib who would not have met the eligibility criteria for the FLAURA clinical trial.,"Osimertinib is largely used as first-line therapy for metastatic epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant lung cancers based on the FLAURA clinical trial. Real-world patient outcomes often differ from clinical trial outcomes. This study evaluated the efficacy of first-line osimertinib in patients treated in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Furthermore, we compared the outcomes of patients who would and would not have been eligible for the original FLAURA trial."
8584,brain tumour,38452225,Enhancing Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy for Glioblastoma by Tumor Hypoxia Alleviation and Heat Shock Protein Inhibition Using IR820-Conjugated Reduced Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots.,"We use low-molecular-weight branched polyethylenimine (PEI) to produce cytocompatible reduced graphene oxide quantum dots (rGOQD) as a photothermal agent and covalently bind it with the photosensitizer IR-820. The rGOQD/IR820 shows high photothermal conversion efficiency and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) after irradiation with near-infrared (NIR) light for photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT). To improve suspension stability, rGOQD/IR820 was PEGylated by anchoring with the DSPE hydrophobic tails in DSPE-PEG-Mal, leaving the maleimide (Mal) end group for covalent binding with manganese dioxide/bovine serum albumin (MnO"
8585,brain tumour,38451958,Morphological differentiation of peritumoral brain zone microglia.,"The Peritumoral Brain Zone (PBZ) contributes to Glioblastoma (GBM) relapse months after the resection of the original tumor, which is influenced by a variety of pathological factors. Among those, microglia are recognized as one of the main regulators of GBM progression and probably relapse. Although microglial morphology has been analyzed inside GBM and its immediate surroundings, it has not been objectively characterized throughout the PBZ. Thus, we aimed to perform a thorough characterization of microglial morphology in the PBZ and its likely differentiation not just from the tumor-associated microglia but from control tissue microglia. For this purpose, Sprague Dawley rats were intrastriatally implanted with C6 cells to induce a GBM formation. Gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to locate the tumor and to define the PBZ (2 mm beyond the tumor border), thus delimitating the different regions of interest (ROIs: core tumoral zone and immediate interface; contralateral striatum as control). Brain slices were obtained and immunolabeled with the microglia marker Iba-1. Sixteen morphological parameters were measured for each cell, significative differences were found in all parameters when comparing the four ROIs. To determine if PBZ microglia could be morphologically differentiated from microglia in other ROIs, hierarchical clustering analysis was performed, revealing that microglia can be separated into four morphologically differentiated clusters, each of them mostly integrated by cells sampled in each ROI. Furthermore, a classifier based on linear discriminant analysis, including only three morphological parameters, categorized microglial cells across the studied ROIs and showed a gradual transition between them. The robustness of this classification was assessed through principal component analysis with the remaining 13 morphological parameters, corroborating the obtained results. Thus, in this study we provided objective and quantitative evidence that PBZ microglia represent a differentiable microglial morphotype that could contribute to the recurrence of GBM in this area."
8586,brain tumour,38451915,β-Amyloid peptide modulates peripheral immune responses and neuroinflammation in rats.,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by immune system dysregulation, impacting both central and peripheral immune responses. The study aimed to investigate the mechanism behind the neurotoxic effects of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide in the rat brain including the study of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and alterations in peripheral immune responses (PIR). The neuroinflammation brought on by Aβ"
8587,brain tumour,38451425,Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation through Tumor Necrosis Factor Stimulated Gene-6.,"Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been highlighted as a potent therapeutic option for conditions with excessive osteoclast activity such as systemic and local bone loss in rheumatic disease. In addition to their immunomodulatory functions, MSCs also directly suppress osteoclast differentiation and activation by secreting osteoprotegerin (OPG) and IL-10 but the underlying mechanisms are still to be clarified. Tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) is a potent anti-inflammatory molecule that inhibits osteoclast activation and has been shown to mediate MSC's immunomodulatory functions. In this study, we aimed to determine whether adipose tissue-derived MSC (ADMSC) inhibits the differentiation from osteoclast precursors to mature osteoclasts through TSG-6."
8588,brain tumour,38451298,An unusual finding of an anaplastic meningioma in NF2-related schwannomatosis.,"NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2) is a rare autosomal-dominant genetic disorder characterized by bilateral vestibular schwannomas and multiple meningiomas. This case report presents the extremely rare occurrence of an anaplastic meningioma in a 12-year-old male with previously undiagnosed NF2. The patient presented with a history of abdominal pain and episodic emesis, gait unsteadiness, right upper and lower extremity weakness, and facial weakness. He had sensorineural hearing loss and wore bilateral hearing aids. MR imaging revealed a sizable left frontoparietal, dural-based meningioma with heterogeneous enhancement with mass effect on the brain and midline shift. Multiple additional CNS lesions were noted including a homogenous lesion at the level of T5 indicative of compression of the spinal cord. The patient underwent a frontotemporoparietal craniotomy for the removal of his large dural-based meningioma, utilizing neuronavigation and transdural ultrasonography for precise en bloc resection of the mass. Histopathology revealed an anaplastic meningioma, WHO grade 3, characterized by brisk mitotic activity, small-cell changes, high Ki-67 proliferation rate, and significant loss of P16. We report an anaplastic meningioma associated with an underlying diagnosis of NF2 for which we describe clinical and histopathological features."
8589,brain tumour,38451297,Giant brainstem cavernoma in pediatrics: diagnosis and treatment-case report.,"Brain cavernomas or cavernous angiomas are a rare vascular malformation in the general population, even more so in pediatric patients. Their incidence in this group is less than 5% of all vascular malformations. They are typically found in the cerebral hemispheres in cortico-subcortical locations and, more rarely, in the brainstem."
8590,brain tumour,38451255,The anatomic basis of leptomeningeal metastasis.,"Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM), or spread of cancer to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled space surrounding the central nervous system, is a fatal complication of cancer. Entry into this space poses an anatomical challenge for cancer cells; movement of cells between the blood and CSF is tightly regulated by the blood-CSF barriers. Anatomical understanding of the leptomeninges provides a roadmap of corridors for cancer entry. This Review describes the anatomy of the leptomeninges and routes of cancer spread to the CSF. Granular understanding of LM by route of entry may inform strategies for novel diagnostic and preventive strategies as well as therapies."
8591,brain tumour,38451089,Endoscopic Supracerebellar Infratentorial Transpineal Approach for Posterior-Medial Thalamic Lesions: Surgical Technique and Clinical Experience.,Accessing lesions in the posterior-medial thalamus can be challenging because of their deep location and intricate neurovascular anatomy. This study aims to describe the techniques and feasibility of the endoscopic supracerebellar infratentorial transpineal approach for treating posterior-medial thalamus lesions.
8592,brain tumour,38451078,Intercollicular Approach for Midbrain Cavernous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.,No abstract found
8593,brain tumour,38450948,Intracranial invasion of a mast cell tumour in a dog: A case report and review of the literature.,"An 11-year-old, female-neutered beagle was presented with a growing soft tissue mass arising within the deep tissues of the left cranial cervical region. At presentation, facial asymmetry was evident along with palpable lymphadenomegaly. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a locally invasive cervical mass with intracranial invasion through focal osteolysis of the occipital bone. After antihistamine administration, cytology confirmed mast cell tumour (MCT) with metastasis to local lymph nodes and liver. The owner chose to pursue lomustine and prednisolone, which were dispensed, but, before home administration, prolonged seizures/status epilepticus occurred prompting euthanasia. Postmortem examination confirmed a high-grade MCT associated with, and infiltrating through, muscle, calvarium, dura mata, leptomeninges and the underlying brain. We present the clinical, imaging, and pathological findings of an unprecedented case of extracranial MCT tumour causing osteolysis of an imperforate flat bone (occipital bone) and intracranial invasion."
8594,brain tumour,38450938,Acquired hypothalamic obesity: A clinical overview and update.,"Hypothalamic obesity (HO) is a rare and complex disorder that confers substantial morbidity and excess mortality. HO is a unique subtype of obesity characterized by impairment in the key brain pathways that regulate energy intake and expenditure, autonomic nervous system function, and peripheral hormonal signalling. HO often occurs in the context of hypothalamic syndrome, a constellation of symptoms that follow from disruption of hypothalamic functions, for example, temperature regulation, sleep-wake circadian control, and energy balance. Genetic forms of HO, including the monogenic obesity syndromes, often impact central leptin-melanocortin pathways. Acquired forms of HO occur as a result of tumours impacting the hypothalamus, such as craniopharyngioma, surgery or radiation to treat those tumours, or other forms of hypothalamic damage, such as brain injury impacting the region. Risk for severe obesity following hypothalamic injury is increased with larger extent of hypothalamic damage or lesions that contain the medial and posterior hypothalamic nuclei that support melanocortin signalling pathways. Structural damage in these hypothalamic nuclei often leads to hyperphagia, central insulin and leptin resistance, decreased sympathetic activity, low energy expenditure, and increased energy storage in adipose tissue, the collective effect of which is rapid weight gain. Individuals with hyperphagia are perpetually hungry. They do not experience fullness at the end of a meal, nor do they feel satiated after meals, leading them to consume larger and more frequent meals. To date, most efforts to treat HO have been disappointing and met with limited, if any, long-term success. However, new treatments based on the distinct pathophysiology of disturbed energy homeostasis in acquired HO may hold promise for the future."
8595,brain tumour,38450887,"Exploring the causal relationship between antihypertensive drugs and glioblastoma by combining drug target Mendelian randomization study, eQTL colocalization, and single-cell RNA sequencing.","Recent reports indicate a potential oncogenic role of antihypertensive drugs in common cancers. However, it remains uncertain whether this phenomenon influences the risk of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This study aimed to assess the potential causal effects of blood pressure (BP) and antihypertensive drugs on GBM. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and GBM in Europeans were downloaded. To represent the effects of antihypertensive drugs, we utilized single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with SBP/DBP adjacent to the coding regions of different antihypertensive drugs as instrumental variables to model five antihypertensive drugs, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, β-receptor blockers (BBs), and thiazide diuretics. Positive control studies were performed using GWAS data in chronic heart failure. The primary method for causality estimation was the inverse-variance-weighted method. Mendelian randomization analysis showed that BBs with the β1-adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) as a therapeutic target could significantly reduce the risk of GBM by mediating DBP (OR = 0.431, 95% CI: 0.267-0.697, p < .001) and that they could also significantly reduce the risk of GBM by mediating SBP (OR = 0.595, 95% CI: 0.422-0.837, p = .003). Sensitivity analysis and colocalization analysis reinforced the robustness of these findings. Finally, the low expression of the ADRB1 gene in malignant gliomas was found by GBM data from TCGA and single-cell RNA sequencing, which most likely contributed to the poor prognosis of GBM patients. In summary, our study provides preliminary evidence of some causal relationship between ADRB1-targeted BBs and glioblastoma development. However, more studies are needed to validate these findings and further reveal the complex relationship between BP and GBM."
8596,brain tumour,38450721,Impact of exenatide on weight loss and eating behavior in adults with craniopharyngioma-related obesity: the CRANIOEXE randomized placebo-controlled trial.,A major issue in the management of craniopharyngioma-related obesity (CRO) is the ineffectiveness of the current therapeutic approaches.
8597,brain tumour,38450444,Longitudinal changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) but not cytokines contribute to hippocampal recovery in anorexia nervosa above increases in body mass index.,"Physical sequelae of anorexia nervosa (AN) include a marked reduction in whole brain volume and subcortical structures such as the hippocampus. Previous research has indicated aberrant levels of inflammatory markers and growth factors in AN, which in other populations have been shown to influence hippocampal integrity."
8598,brain tumour,38450247,Long-term quality of life outcomes in patients undergoing microsurgical resection of vestibular schwannoma.,"While previous studies have assessed patient reported quality of life (QOL) of various vestibular schwannoma (VS) treatment modalities, few studies have assessed QOL as related to the amount of residual tumor and need for retreatment in a large series of patients. Objective: To assess patient reported QOL outcomes following VS resection with a focus on extent of resection and retreatment."
8599,brain tumour,38449939,Unusual Case Report of Headache in 10-Year-Old Female Child.,"According to the literature, transverse sinus hypoplasia is not a normal variant and has a serious potential effect on cerebral blood flow. We are presenting a rare case of chronic headache due to severe hypoplasia of the left transverse and sigmoidal sinus. A 12-year-old female girl was admitted with a complaint of gradual progressive severe headache, throbbing in nature, confined to a bitemporal and frontal region in the last 4-5 months. Headache is not associated with fever, vomiting, photophobia, or vision problems. The child had no history of recurrent running nose, refractory vision, ear discharge, head trauma, exanthemata rash, or any drug history. On examination, the child was conscious and oriented. Vital signs are normal. The child was neurologically normal and had no focal signs. Other systemic examinations were normal. Based on History and examination, differential diagnosis was made, like Pseudo tumor cerebri, migraine, deep vein sinus thrombosis, and functional and Posterior fossa tumor. The child had normal routine investigations like complete blood count, electrolyte, and D-dimer. The fundoscopy was normal. In MRI, brain hypoplasia of the left transverse and sinusoidal sinus was suspected and confirmed by MRI venography. Thus, for any patient in an emergency with a chronic headache without focal signs and normal fundoscopy, one deferential should be considered for transverse and sigmoid sinus hypoplasia."
8600,brain tumour,38449876,Low-Grade Glioma within Mature Cystic Teratoma in a Patient with Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis: A Case Report.,"Mature cystic teratoma (MCT) is a common type of ovarian tumors that can, in rare cases, undergo malignant transformation. It has been discovered that MCT patients may experience psychiatric symptoms due to the presence of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies, which is the underlying cause of autoimmune encephalitis. Here, we present the first documented case of a patient with anti-NMDAR encephalitis who also had a morphology of low-grade glioma within MCT."
8601,brain tumour,38449581,"Risk Analysis Index and 30-Day Mortality after Brain Tumor Resection: A Multicenter Frailty Analysis of 31,776 Patients from 2012 to 2020.",
8602,brain tumour,38449580,"Anatomical Step-by-Step Dissection of Midline Suboccipital Approaches to the Fourth Ventricle for Trainees: Surgical Anatomy of the Telovelar, Transvermian, and Superior Transvelar Routes, Surgical Principles, and Illustrative Cases.",
8603,brain tumour,38449578,"Staged Resection of Difficult-to-Treat Intracranial Meningiomas: A Systematic Review of the Indications, Surgical Approaches, and Postoperative Outcomes.",
8604,brain tumour,38449509,Identifying G6PC3 as a Potential Key Molecule in Hypoxic Glucose Metabolism of Glioblastoma Derived from the Depiction of ,"Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor, characterized by its distinctive intratumoral hypoxia. Sequential preoperative examinations using fluorine-18-fluoromisonidazole ("
8605,brain tumour,38449449,Frailty of Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy: A Scoping Review.,This study aimed to explore the existing literature on frailty experienced by patients with prostate cancer (PC) receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).
8606,brain tumour,38449394,[Importance of Secondary Cancer Screening-In the Case of Childhood Cancer].,"The cumulative incidence of secondary cancers in childhood cancer survivors at 20 years after treatment is 2-5%, which is 3-20 times higher than in the general population. Risk factors include radiation therapy, alkylating agents, platinum drugs, and topoisomerase Ⅱ inhibitors. A retrospective cohort study of 15 pediatric oncology hospitals in Japan revealed that the time to development of a second cancer varies from 5 years or less for hematologic tumors, 10 years or less for bone/soft tissue tumors, approximately 10 years for brain tumors, and 15-20 years for thyroid and adult-type cancers. Some secondary cancers have a poor prognosis. Primary prevention of secondary cancers is the same as in the general population, and early detection and treatment are important. The key points of consensus on secondary cancers by the North American Children's Oncology Group guidelines and the International Guideline Harmonization Group were presented. In the future, it will be important to share information on the benefits and risks of cancer screening with childhood cancer survivors and their families."
8607,brain tumour,38449099,The Effect of Dose Enhancement in Tumor With Silver Nanoparticles on Surrounding Healthy Tissues: A Monte Carlo Study.,
8608,brain tumour,38449078,A metric for quantitative evaluation of glioma margin changes in magnetic resonance imaging.,"Gliomas differ from meningiomas in their margins, most of which are not separated from the surrounding tissue by a distinct interface."
8609,brain tumour,38448888,Repeatability quantification of brain diffusion-weighted imaging for future clinical implementation at a low-field MR-linac.,"Longitudinal assessments of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) derived from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) during intracranial radiotherapy at magnetic resonance imaging-guided linear accelerators (MR-linacs) could enable early response assessment by tracking tumor diffusivity changes. However, DWI pulse sequences are currently unavailable in clinical practice at low-field MR-linacs. Quantifying the in vivo repeatability of ADC measurements is a crucial step towards clinical implementation of DWI sequences but has not yet been reported on for low-field MR-linacs. This study assessed ADC measurement repeatability in a phantom and in vivo at a 0.35 T MR-linac."
8610,brain tumour,38448871,Depersonalization and derealization as sequelae of a temporal lobe lesion: a case report.,"Depersonalization and derealization can occur not just from psychiatric causes but also from various organic etiologies, such as seizures and intracerebral structural abnormalities. However, there have been no previous reported cases to the authors' knowledge detailing isolated depersonalization and derealization in the absence of clinical seizure activity or other psychiatric pathology, as sequelae of structural intracerebral lesions."
8611,brain tumour,38448783,Thin-slice reverse encoding distortion correction DWI facilitates visualization of non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET)/pituitary adenoma and surrounding normal structures.,"To evaluate the clinical usefulness of thin-slice echo-planar imaging (EPI)-based diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with an on-console distortion correction technique, termed reverse encoding distortion correction DWI (RDC-DWI), in patients with non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET)/pituitary adenoma."
8612,brain tumour,38448650,The rapid proximity labeling system PhastID identifies ATP6AP1 as an unconventional GEF for Rheb.,"Rheb is a small G protein that functions as the direct activator of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) to coordinate signaling cascades in response to nutrients and growth factors. Despite extensive studies, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that directly activates Rheb remains unclear, at least in part due to the dynamic and transient nature of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) that are the hallmarks of signal transduction. Here, we report the development of a rapid and robust proximity labeling system named Pyrococcus horikoshii biotin protein ligase (PhBPL)-assisted biotin identification (PhastID) and detail the insulin-stimulated changes in Rheb-proximity protein networks that were identified using PhastID. In particular, we found that the lysosomal V-ATPase subunit ATP6AP1 could dynamically interact with Rheb. ATP6AP1 could directly bind to Rheb through its last 12 amino acids and utilizes a tri-aspartate motif in its highly conserved C-tail to enhance Rheb GTP loading. In fact, targeting the ATP6AP1 C-tail could block Rheb activation and inhibit cancer cell proliferation and migration. Our findings highlight the versatility of PhastID in mapping transient PPIs in live cells, reveal ATP6AP1's role as an unconventional GEF for Rheb, and underscore the importance of ATP6AP1 in integrating mTORC1 activation signals through Rheb, filling in the missing link in Rheb/mTORC1 activation."
8613,brain tumour,38448508,Label-free nonlinear optical signatures of extracellular vesicles in liquid and tissue biopsies of human breast cancer.,"Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated in metastasis and proposed as cancer biomarkers. However, heterogeneity and small size makes assessments of EVs challenging. Often, EVs are isolated from biofluids, losing spatial and temporal context and thus lacking the ability to access EVs in situ in their native microenvironment. This work examines the capabilities of label-free nonlinear optical microscopy to extract biochemical optical metrics of EVs in ex vivo tissue and EVs isolated from biofluids in cases of human breast cancer, comparing these metrics within and between EV sources. Before surgery, fresh urine and blood serum samples were obtained from human participants scheduled for breast tumor surgery (24 malignant, 6 benign) or healthy participants scheduled for breast reduction surgery (4 control). EVs were directly imaged both in intact ex vivo tissue that was removed during surgery and in samples isolated from biofluids by differential ultracentrifugation. Isolated EVs and freshly excised ex vivo breast tissue samples were imaged with custom nonlinear optical microscopes to extract single-EV optical metabolic signatures of NAD(P)H and FAD autofluorescence. Optical metrics were significantly altered in cases of malignant breast cancer in biofluid-derived EVs and intact tissue EVs compared to control samples. Specifically, urinary isolated EVs showed elevated NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime in cases of malignant cancer, serum-derived isolated EVs showed decreased optical redox ratio in stage II cancer, but not earlier stages, and ex vivo breast tissue showed an elevated number of EVs in cases of malignant cancer. Results further indicated significant differences in the measured optical metabolic signature based on EV source (urine, serum and tissue) within individuals."
8614,brain tumour,38448392,Neuropilin-1 enhances temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma via the STAT1/p53/p21 axis.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent primary intracranial tumor. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line chemotherapy for GBM. Nonetheless, the development of TMZ resistance has become a main cause of treatment failure in GBM patients. Evidence suggests that neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) silencing can attenuate GBM cell resistance to TMZ. This study aims to determine potential mechanisms by which NRP-1 affects TMZ resistance in GBM. The parental U251 and LN229 GBM cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of TMZ to construct TMZ-resistant GBM cells (U251/TMZ, LN229/TMZ). BALB/c nude mice were injected with U251/TMZ cells to establish the xenograft mouse model. Functional experiments were carried out to examine NRP-1 functions. Western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate molecular protein and mRNA expression, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining showed NRP-1 and STAT1 expression in mouse tumors. The results showed that NRP-1 was highly expressed in TMZ-resistant cells. Moreover, knocking down NRP-1 attenuated the TMZ resistance of U251/TMZ cells, while upregulating NRP-1 enhanced TMZ resistance of the parental cells. NRP-1 silencing elevated GBM cell sensitivity to TMZ in tumor-bearing mice. Depleting NRP-1 reduced STAT1, p53, and p21 expression in U251/TMZ cells. STAT1 depletion offset NRP-1 silencing evoked attenuation of GBM cell resistance to TMZ. Collectively, our study reveals that NRP-1 enhances TMZ resistance in GBM possibly by regulating the STAT1/p53/p21 axis."
8615,brain tumour,38448290,A scientometric analysis of immunotherapies for gliomas: Focus on GBM.,"Gliomas are the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumors worldwide, with glioblastoma (GBM) being the most common and aggressive type. The standard therapy for GBM has remained unchanged for nearly two decades, with no significant improvement in survival outcomes. Despite several barriers such as the tumor microenvironment (TME) and blood-brain barrier, immunotherapies bring new hope for the treatment of GBM. To better understand the development and progress of immunotherapies in GBM, we made this scientometric analysis of this field. A total of 3753 documents were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection, with publication years ranging from 1999 to 2022. The Web of Science platform, CiteSpace, and VOS viewer were used to conduct the scientometric analysis. The results of scientometric analysis showed that this field has recently become a popular topic of interest. The United States had the most publications among 89 countries or regions. Keyword analysis indicated significant areas in the field of immunotherapies for GBM, especially TME, immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs), chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells, vaccines, and oncolytic viruses (OVs). Overall, we hope that this scientometric analysis can provide insights for researchers and promote the development of this field."
8616,brain tumour,38448265,[Radiation-induced parotid leiomyosarcoma].,First case of radiation-induced parotid leiomyosarcoma.
8617,brain tumour,38448196,"[The 504th case: Multiple lymph node enlargement, renal insufficiency, blindness, and white matter lesions of the brain].","A 65-year-old male patient was admitted for recurrent lymph node enlargement for 5 years and elevated creatinine for 6 months. This patient was diagnosed with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma 5 years ago and underwent multiple lines of anti-tumor therapy, including cytotoxic chemotherapy; epigenetic modifying drugs such as chidamide and azacitidine; the immunomodulator lenalidomide; and targeted therapy such as rituximab, a CD20-targeting antibody, and brentuximab vedotin, which targets CD30. Although the tumor was considered stable, multiple virus activation (including BK virus, JC virus, and cytomegalovirus) accompanied by the corresponding organ damage (polyomavirus nephropathy, cytomegalovirus retinitis, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy) occurred during anti-tumor treatment. Anti-tumor therapy was suspended and ganciclovir was used. The serum viral load decreased and organ functions were stabilized. The purpose of this report was to raise clinicians' awareness of opportunistic virus reactivation during anti-tumor treatment."
8618,brain tumour,38447884,"Compartmentalized role of xCT in supporting pancreatic tumor growth, inflammation and mood disturbance in mice.","xCT (Slc7a11), the specific subunit of the cystine/glutamate antiporter system x"
8619,brain tumour,38447871,Targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway to reduce radiation treatment side effects.,"High precision, image-guided radiotherapy (RT) has increased the therapeutic ratio, enabling higher tumor and lower normal tissue doses, leading to improved patient outcomes. Nevertheless, some patients remain at risk of developing serious side effects.In many clinical situations, the radiation tolerance of normal tissues close to the target volume limits the dose that can safely be delivered and thus the potential for tumor control and cure. This is particularly so in patients being re-treated for tumor progression or a second primary tumor within a previous irradiated volume, scenarios that are becoming more frequent in clinical practice.Various normal tissue 'radioprotective' drugs with the potential to reduce side effects have been studied previously. Unfortunately, most have failed to impact clinical practice because of lack of therapeutic efficacy, concern about concurrent tumor protection or excessive drug-related toxicity. This review highlights the evidence indicating that targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway can mitigate acute and late RT-induced injury and reduce treatment side effects in a manner that overcomes these previous translational challenges. Pre-clinical studies involving a broad range of normal tissues commonly affected in clinical practice, including skin, lung, the gastrointestinal tract and brain, have shown that CXCL12 signalling is upregulated by RT and attracts CXCR4-expressing inflammatory cells that exacerbate acute tissue injury and late fibrosis. These studies also provide convincing evidence that inhibition of CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling during or after RT can reduce or prevent RT side effects, warranting further evaluation in clinical studies. Greater dialogue with the pharmaceutical industry is needed to prioritize the development and availability of CXCL12/CXCR4 inhibitors for future RT studies."
8620,brain tumour,38447761,Pro-inflammatory markers are related to cortical network connectivity in women exposed to interpersonal trauma with PTSD.,"Exposure to interpersonal violence affects a significant number of individuals each year and further increases the risk for developing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). A growing body of research suggests that immune system dysfunction, in particular elevated inflammation, may contribute to the pathophysiology of PTSD. However, few studies have examined the neurobiological correlates of inflammation in women with PTSD using resting-state fMRI. The present study explored the relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and resting-state functional connectivity patterns in three major cortical networks (default mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), and salience network (SN)) in a sample of women (N=18) exposed to interpersonal violence with PTSD. Results indicated that higher CRP levels were associated with stronger functional connectivity between the SN and visual areas, but weaker functional connectivity between the CEN and visual areas. These findings suggest that pro-inflammatory markers are related to connectivity of task-positive networks in women with PTSD. Further, our results provide evidence for potential neurobiological markers of inflammation in PTSD."
8621,brain tumour,38447592,"Diffuse hemispheric glioma with H3 p.K28M (K27M) mutation: Unusual non-midline presentation of diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-altered?","Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered (DMG-H3 K27) is an aggressive group of diffuse gliomas that predominantly occurs in pediatric patients, involves midline structures, and displays loss of H3 p.K28me3 (K27me3) expression by immunohistochemistry and characteristic genetic/epigenetic profile. Rare examples of a diffuse glioma with an H3 p.K28M (K27M) mutation and without involvement of the midline structures, so-called ""diffuse hemispheric glioma with H3 p.K28M (K27M) mutation"" (DHG-H3 K27), have been reported. Herein, we describe 2 additional cases of radiologically confirmed DHG-H3 K27 and summarize previously reported cases. We performed histological, immunohistochemical, molecular, and DNA methylation analysis and provided clinical follow-up in both cases. Overall, DHG-H3 K27 is an unusual group of diffuse gliomas that shows similar clinical, histopathological, genomic, and epigenetic features to DMG-H3 K27 as well as enrichment for activating alterations in MAPK pathway genes. These findings suggest that DHG-H3 K27 is closely related to DMG-H3 K27 and may represent an unusual presentation of DMG-H3 K27 without apparent midline involvement and with frequent MAPK pathway activation. Detailed reports of additional cases with clinical follow-up will be important to expand our understanding of this unusual group of diffuse gliomas and to better define the clinical outcome and how to classify DHG-H3 K27."
8622,brain tumour,38447508,Vestibular Testing and Impairments in Postoperative Pediatric Cerebellar Mutism Syndrome: A Case Series.,"Postoperative pediatric cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS) may occur following a process affecting the posterior cranial fossa. Recent evidence demonstrates disabling and potentially lasting motor components of this syndrome, including ataxia, hemiparesis, and oculomotor dysfunction. These impairments may contribute to vestibular deficits."
8623,brain tumour,38447349,"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Bone and Muscle Quality in Prolactinoma: A Pilot Study.","Hyperprolactinemia has negative impacts on metabolism and musculoskeletal health. In this study, individuals with active prolactinoma were evaluated for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and musculoskeletal health, which are underemphasized in the literature."
8624,brain tumour,38447131,Long term neuropsychological outcomes of a pediatric ETANTR brain tumor: A case study.,"Survivors of pediatric brain tumors are at high risk for long-term neuropsychological difficulties. In the current case study, we present longitudinal neuropsychological data spanning 10 years (from age 9 to 19 years) of a patient with a rare, very large, bifrontal, embryonal tumor with abundant neuropil and true rosettes (ETANTR), which is typically associated with poor survivorship and significant neurological impact. Results demonstrated that the patient had largely intact cognitive functioning with specific difficulties in executive functioning, fine motor skills, and adaptive functioning at her most recent neuropsychology 10-year follow-up. These results highlight outcomes for a patient with remarkable resiliency in the context of numerous risk factors (a very large tumor size, multi-modal treatment, and seizure history). Patient protective factors (a high level of cognitive reserve, family support, and appropriate comprehensive educational services) likely contributed to the patient's favorable neuropsychological outcome. The patient's age at brain tumor diagnosis (9 years) and associated treatment was at a critical period of development for emerging higher order cognitive functions which likely impacted acquisition of executive functioning skills and secondarily adaptive skill outcomes. Consequently, pediatric brain tumor survivors with ETANTR or other frontal tumors require targeted screening of executive functions and proactive interventions."
8625,brain tumour,38447113,Recurrence Patterns and Surveillance Imaging in Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors.,"Surveillance magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is routinely used to detect recurrence in pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. The frequency of neuroimaging surveillance varies without a standardized approach. A single-institutional retrospective cohort study evaluated the frequency of recurrences. This study included 476 patients with the majority diagnosed with low-grade glioma (LGG) (n=138, 29%), high-grade glioma (HGG) (n=77, 16%), ependymoma (n=70, 15%), or medulloblastoma (n=61, 13%). LGG, HGG, and ependymoma patients more commonly had multiply recurrent disease ( P =0.08), with ependymoma patients demonstrating ≥2 relapses in 47% of cases. Recurrent disease was identified by imaging more often than clinical symptoms (65% vs. 32%; P =<0.01). Patients diagnosed with meningioma demonstrated the longest mean time to first relapse (74.7 mo) whereas those with atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor and choroid plexus carcinoma tended to have the shortest time to relapse (8.9 and 9 mo, respectively). Overall, 22 patients sustained first relapse >10 years from initial diagnosis. With a higher tendency toward detection of tumor recurrence/progression on MRI surveillance in comparison to clinical progression, surveillance imaging is necessary in routine follow up of pediatric CNS tumor survivors. With some relapses >10 years from initial diagnosis, imaging beyond this time point may be useful in particular tumor types. While the study is limited in outcome analysis, earlier detection of recurrence would lead to earlier initiation of treatment and implementation of salvage treatment regimens which can impact survival and quality of life."
8626,brain tumour,38447016,Revealing genes associated with cervical cancer in distinct immune cells: A comprehensive Mendelian randomization analysis.,"Human papillomavirus can be contracted by sexually active women. However, only a small proportion of these infections persist and have the potential to progress into cervical cancers, indicating a significant involvement of the immune system in cervical cancer development. Despite this, our understanding of the precise contributions of genes from different immune cell types in cervical cancers remains limited. Therefore, the primary objective of our study was to investigate the potential causal relationships between specific immune cell genes and the development of cervical cancers. By accessing expression quantitative trait loci datasets of 14 distinct immune cell types and genome wide association study of cervical cancers, we employed the summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) along with multi-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based SMR to identify significant genes associated with cervical cancers. Colocalization analysis was further conducted to explore the shared genetic causality. A total of 10 genes across 11 immune cell types (26 significant gene-trait associations) were found to be associated with cervical cancers after false discovery rate correction. Notably, the ORMDL3, BRK1 and HMGN1 gene expression levels showed significant association with cervical cancer in specific immune cell types, respectively. These associations were supported by strong evidence of colocalization analyses. Our study has identified several genes in different immune cells that were associated with cervical cancer. However, further research is necessary to confirm these findings and provide more comprehensive insights into the association between these gene expressions and cervical cancer risk."
8627,brain tumour,38446982,Response Rate and Molecular Correlates to Encorafenib and Binimetinib in BRAF-V600E Mutant High-Grade Glioma.,"Although fewer than 5% of high-grade gliomas (HGG) are BRAF-V600E mutated, these tumors are notable as BRAF-targeted therapy shows efficacy for some populations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate response to the combination of encorafenib with binimetinib in adults with recurrent BRAF-V600-mutated HGG."
8628,brain tumour,38446884,Single-cell nanobiopsy enables multigenerational longitudinal transcriptomics of cancer cells.,"Single-cell RNA sequencing has revolutionized our understanding of cellular heterogeneity, but routine methods require cell lysis and fail to probe the dynamic trajectories responsible for cellular state transitions, which can only be inferred. Here, we present a nanobiopsy platform that enables the injection of exogenous molecules and multigenerational longitudinal cytoplasmic sampling from a single cell and its progeny. The technique is based on scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) and, as a proof of concept, was applied to longitudinally profile the transcriptome of single glioblastoma (GBM) brain tumor cells in vitro over 72 hours. The GBM cells were biopsied before and after exposure to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and our results suggest that treatment either induces or selects for more transcriptionally stable cells. We envision the nanobiopsy will contribute to transforming standard single-cell transcriptomics from a static analysis into a dynamic assay."
8629,brain tumour,38446877,Arresting the bad seed: HDAC3 regulates proliferation of different microglia after ischemic stroke.,"The accumulation of self-renewed polarized microglia in the penumbra is a critical neuroinflammatory process after ischemic stroke, leading to secondary demyelination and neuronal loss. Although known to regulate tumor cell proliferation and neuroinflammation, HDAC3's role in microgliosis and microglial polarization remains unclear. We demonstrated that microglial HDAC3 knockout (HDAC3-miKO) ameliorated poststroke long-term functional and histological outcomes. RNA-seq analysis revealed mitosis as the primary process affected in HDAC3-deficent microglia following stroke. Notably, HDAC3-miKO specifically inhibited proliferation of proinflammatory microglia without affecting anti-inflammatory microglia, preventing microglial transition to a proinflammatory state. Moreover, ATAC-seq showed that HDAC3-miKO induced closing of accessible regions enriched with PU.1 motifs. Overexpressing microglial PU.1 via an AAV approach reversed HDAC3-miKO-induced proliferation inhibition and protective effects on ischemic stroke, indicating PU.1 as a downstream molecule that mediates HDAC3's effects on stroke. These findings uncovered that HDAC3/PU.1 axis, which mediated differential proliferation-related reprogramming in different microglia populations, drove poststroke inflammatory state transition, and contributed to pathophysiology of ischemic stroke."
8630,brain tumour,38446659,Cellular senescence is associated with the spatial evolution toward a higher metastatic phenotype in colorectal cancer.,"In this study, we explore the dynamic process of colorectal cancer progression, emphasizing the evolution toward a more metastatic phenotype. The term ""evolution"" as used in this study specifically denotes the phenotypic transition toward a higher metastatic potency from well-formed glandular structures to collective invasion, ultimately resulting in the development of cancer cell buddings at the invasive front. Our findings highlight the spatial correlation of this evolution with tumor cell senescence, revealing distinct types of senescent tumor cells (types I and II) that play different roles in the overall cancer progression. Type I senescent tumor cells (p16"
8631,brain tumour,38446410,Bioinformatics Analysis and Experimental Validation for Exploring Key Molecular Markers for Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary intracranial malignancy with a very low survival rate. Exploring key molecular markers for GBM can help with early diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and recurrence monitoring. This study aims to explore novel biomarkers for GBM via bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification. Dataset GSE103229 was obtained from the GEO database to search differentially expressed lncRNA (DELs), mRNAs (DEMs), and miRNAs (DEMis). Hub genes were selected to establish competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. The GEPIA database was employed for the survival analysis and expression detection of hub genes. Hub gene expression in GBM tissue samples and cell lines was validated using RT-qPCR. Western blotting was employed for protein expression evaluation. SYT1 overexpression vector was transfected in GBM cells. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect the malignant phenotypes of GBM cells. There were 901 upregulated and 1086 downregulated DEMs identified, which were prominently enriched in various malignancy-related functions and pathways. Twenty-two hub genes were selected from PPI networks. Survival analysis and experimental validation revealed that four hub genes were tightly associated with GBM prognosis and progression, including SYT1, GRIN2A, KCNA1, and SYNPR. The four genes were significantly downregulated in GBM tissues and cell lines. Overexpressing SYT1 alleviated the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of GBM cells in vitro. We identify four genes that may be potential molecular markers of GBM, which may provide new ideas for improving early diagnosis and prediction of the disease."
8632,brain tumour,38446374,Inhibition of BMP signaling pathway induced senescence and calcification in anaplastic meningioma.,"Meningiomas are the most common type of brain tumors and are generally benign, but malignant atypical meningiomas and anaplastic meningiomas frequently recur with poor prognosis. The metabolism of meningiomas is little known, so few effective treatment options other than surgery and radiation are available, and the targets for treatment of recurrence are not well defined. The Aim of this paper is to find the therapeutic target."
8633,brain tumour,38446044,Noninvasive Molecular Subtyping of Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma with Self-Supervised Transfer Learning.,"Purpose To develop and externally test a scan-to-prediction deep learning pipeline for noninvasive, MRI-based "
8634,brain tumour,38445964,ACTION: a randomized phase 3 study of ONC201 (dordaviprone) in patients with newly diagnosed H3 K27M-mutant diffuse glioma.,"H3 K27M-mutant diffuse glioma primarily affects children and young adults, is associated with a poor prognosis, and no effective systemic therapy is currently available. ONC201 (dordaviprone) has previously demonstrated efficacy in patients with recurrent disease. This phase 3 trial evaluates ONC201 in patients with newly diagnosed H3 K27M-mutant glioma."
8635,brain tumour,38445882,"Carrier-Free, Amorphous Verteporfin Nanodrug for Enhanced Photodynamic Cancer Therapy and Brain Drug Delivery.","Glioblastoma (GBM) is hard to treat due to cellular invasion into functioning brain tissues, limited drug delivery, and evolved treatment resistance. Recurrence is nearly universal even after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves photosensitizer administration followed by light activation to generate reactive oxygen species at tumor sites, thereby killing cells or inducing biological changes. PDT can ablate unresectable GBM and sensitize tumors to chemotherapy. Verteporfin (VP) is a promising photosensitizer that relies on liposomal carriers for clinical use. While lipids increase VP's solubility, they also reduce intracellular photosensitizer accumulation. Here, a pure-drug nanoformulation of VP, termed ""NanoVP"", eliminating the need for lipids, excipients, or stabilizers is reported. NanoVP has a tunable size (65-150 nm) and 1500-fold higher photosensitizer loading capacity than liposomal VP. NanoVP shows a 2-fold increase in photosensitizer uptake and superior PDT efficacy in GBM cells compared to liposomal VP. In mouse models, NanoVP-PDT improved tumor control and extended animal survival, outperforming liposomal VP and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). Moreover, low-dose NanoVP-PDT can safely open the blood-brain barrier, increasing drug accumulation in rat brains by 5.5-fold compared to 5-ALA. NanoVP is a new photosensitizer formulation that has the potential to facilitate PDT for the treatment of GBM."
8636,brain tumour,38445648,[Interest of focal radiotherapy in case of oligoprogression under immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer].,"The prognosis of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been improved by the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Unfortunately, in some cases, cancer cells will develop resistance mechanisms. In case of progression in a limited number of lesions (oligoprogression), focal treatment with radiotherapy is proposed while continuing the ICI therapy."
8637,brain tumour,38445459,Development and validation of a deep learning radiomics model with clinical-radiological characteristics for the identification of occult peritoneal metastases in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.,Occult peritoneal metastases (OPM) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are frequently overlooked during imaging. The authors aimed to develop and validate a computed tomography (CT)-based deep learning-based radiomics (DLR) model to identify OPM in PDAC before treatment.
8638,brain tumour,38445456,"Distinct fibroblast subpopulations associated with bone, brain or intrapulmonary metastasis in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.","Bone or brain metastases may develop in 20-40% of individuals with late-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), resulting in a median overall survival of only 4-6 months. However, the primary lung cancer tissue's distinctions between bone, brain and intrapulmonary metastases of NSCLC at the single-cell level have not been underexplored."
8639,brain tumour,38445445,"Efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with the STUPP regimen in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a multicenter, single-arm, phase II trial.","Glioblastomas are highly vascularized malignant tumors. We determined the efficacy and safety of the anti-angiogenic multi-kinase inhibitor, anlotinib, for a newly diagnosed glioblastoma."
8640,brain tumour,38445434,Surgical stress response in robot-assisted versus laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer (SIRIRALS): randomized clinical trial.,Evidence for the routine use of robotic technology and its impact on short-term outcomes in colon cancer surgery is lacking. The aim of this study was to compare the surgically induced systemic stress response and clinical and patient-reported outcomes for patients undergoing robot-assisted or laparoscopic colon cancer surgery.
8641,brain tumour,38445387,A novel intracoronary hypothermia device reduces myocardial reperfusion injury in pigs.,"Hypothermia therapy has been suggested to attenuate myocardial necrosis; however, the clinical implementation as a valid therapeutic strategy has failed, and new approaches are needed to translate into clinical applications. This study aimed to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a novel selective intracoronary hypothermia (SICH) device in mitigating myocardial reperfusion injury."
8642,brain tumour,38445375,An ,"Cerebral cavitation is usual following acute brain injuries, such as stroke and traumatic brain injuries, as well as after tumor resection. Minimally invasive implantation of an injectable scaffold in the cavity is a promising approach for potential regeneration of tissue loss. This study aimed at designing an "
8643,brain tumour,38445131,Moyamoya Syndrome: Differential Diagnosis in Patients With Central Nervous System Symptoms and Hyperthyroidism.,"Moyamoya syndrome, known as secondary moyamoya disease, is associated with various primary illnesses, such as brain tumor, meningitis, autoimmune disease, and thyrotoxicosis, and their relations are not clear. We report a rare case of moyamoya syndrome in a patient with Graves' disease. An 18-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to convulsions. She had symptoms of palpitations and fatiguability for half a year and transient numbness in her left upper extremity and dysarthria for a month. In physical findings, tachycardia and diffuse thyroid swelling were noted. A blood test revealed thyrotoxicosis and antithyroid antibody, and a diagnosis of Graves' disease was obtained. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion. We finally diagnosed the patient with moyamoya syndrome caused by Graves' disease. Moyamoya disease or syndrome can cause symptoms like a stroke, sometimes requiring neurosurgical treatment. In our case, the therapy for Graves' disease resolved the symptoms. When diagnosing moyamoya disease, it is necessary to confirm whether there are any background diseases, such as Graves' disease."
8644,brain tumour,38445104,Practical guidance to identify and troubleshoot suboptimal DSC-MRI results.,"Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) derived from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion MR imaging (pMRI) has been shown to be a robust marker of neuroradiological tumor burden. Recent consensus recommendations in pMRI acquisition strategies have provided a pathway for pMRI inclusion in diverse patient care centers, regardless of size or experience. However, even with proper implementation and execution of the DSC-MRI protocol, issues will arise that many centers may not easily recognize or be aware of. Furthermore, missed pMRI issues are not always apparent in the resulting rCBV images, potentiating inaccurate or missed radiological diagnoses. Therefore, we gathered from our database of DSC-MRI datasets, true-to-life examples showcasing the breakdowns in acquisition, postprocessing, and interpretation, along with appropriate mitigation strategies when possible. The pMRI issues addressed include those related to image acquisition and postprocessing with a focus on contrast agent administration, timing, and rate, signal-to-noise quality, and susceptibility artifact. The goal of this work is to provide guidance to minimize and recognize pMRI issues to ensure that only quality data is interpreted."
8645,brain tumour,38444867,Extended Unifrontal craniotomy for midline anterior cranial fossa meningiomas: A better shot at preservation of neurovascular structures.,"Numerous surgical approaches have been described for the resection of anterior cranial fossa meningioma. The common problems associated with these approaches are excessive brain retraction, injury to neurovascular structures, transection of superior sagittal sinus (SSS), and a higher risk of new-onset anosmia. The authors describe a unilateral extended frontal approach with the aim to minimize brain handling without the need for SSS transection and possibly better olfaction preservation."
8646,brain tumour,38444713,"Antifatigue Effects of the Aqueous Extracts of Myrtle Berries, Apple and Clove: An Animal Study.","Fatigue is one of the most prevalent symptoms, increasing worldwide with no specific medication for fatigue. Iranian traditional medicine (ITM), or Persian medicine, is a reliable source for discovering natural medicine for diseases and their symptoms. "
8647,brain tumour,38444228,Bionic nanotheranostic for multimodal imaging-guided NIR-II-photothermal cancer therapy.,"In photothermal therapy (PTT), the photothermal conversion of the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window allows deeper penetration and higher laser irradiance and is considered a promising therapeutic strategy for deep tissues. Since cancer remains a leading cause of deaths worldwide, despite the numerous treatment options, we aimed to develop an improved bionic nanotheranostic for combined imaging and photothermal cancer therapy. We combined a gold nanobipyramid (Au NBP) as a photothermal agent and MnO"
8648,brain tumour,38443927,Glioma-targeted oxaliplatin/ferritin clathrate reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment through hijacking Fe,"Glioma is easy to develop resistance to temozolomide (TMZ). TMZ-resistant glioma secretes interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), recruiting regulatory T cell (T"
8649,brain tumour,38443693,Impact of trametinib on the neuropsychological profile of NF1 patients.,"The use of trametinib in the treatment of pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGG) and plexiform neurofibroma (PN) is being investigated in an ongoing multicenter phase II trial (NCT03363217). Preliminary data shows potential benefits with significant response in the majority of PLGG and PN and an overall good tolerance. Moreover, possible benefits of MEK inhibitor therapy on cognitive functioning in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) were recently shown which supports the need for further evaluation."
8650,brain tumour,38443649,Incidence and Costs of Clinically Significant Events with Systemic Therapy in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study.,"Systemic therapies have been associated with clinically significant events (CSEs) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). We evaluated the incidence of CSEs (bleeding, clotting, encephalopathy, and portal hypertension), and their impact on healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs, in patients with uHCC treated with first-line (1L) atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (A + B), lenvatinib (LEN), or sorafenib (SOR) in the USA."
8651,brain tumour,38443596,SIRT1 ISGylation accelerates tumor progression by unleashing SIRT1 from the inactive state to promote its deacetylase activity.,"ISG15 is an interferon-stimulated ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) with multifaceted roles as a posttranslational modifier in ISG15 conjugation (ISGylation). However, the mechanistic consequences of ISGylation in cancer have not been fully elucidated, largely due to a lack of knowledge on the ISG15 target repertoire. Here, we identified SIRT1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD"
8652,brain tumour,38443595,Rebuilding the microenvironment of primary tumors in humans: a focus on stroma.,"Conventional tumor models have critical shortcomings in that they lack the complexity of the human stroma. The heterogeneous stroma is a central compartment of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that must be addressed in cancer research and precision medicine. To fully model the human tumor stroma, the deconstruction and reconstruction of tumor tissues have been suggested as new approaches for in vitro tumor modeling. In this review, we summarize the heterogeneity of tumor-associated stromal cells and general deconstruction approaches used to isolate patient-specific stromal cells from tumor tissue; we also address the effect of the deconstruction procedure on the characteristics of primary cells. Finally, perspectives on the future of reconstructed tumor models are discussed, with an emphasis on the essential prerequisites for developing authentic humanized tumor models."
8653,brain tumour,38443510,"Methylation class oligosarcoma, IDH-mutant could exhibit astrocytoma-like molecular features.",No abstract found
8654,brain tumour,38443336,Lactate dehydrogenase A regulates tumor-macrophage symbiosis to promote glioblastoma progression.,"Abundant macrophage infiltration and altered tumor metabolism are two key hallmarks of glioblastoma. By screening a cluster of metabolic small-molecule compounds, we show that inhibiting glioblastoma cell glycolysis impairs macrophage migration and lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor stiripentol emerges as the top hit. Combined profiling and functional studies demonstrate that lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA)-directed extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway activates yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1)/ signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) transcriptional co-activators in glioblastoma cells to upregulate C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and CCL7, which recruit macrophages into the tumor microenvironment. Reciprocally, infiltrating macrophages produce LDHA-containing extracellular vesicles to promote glioblastoma cell glycolysis, proliferation, and survival. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of LDHA-mediated tumor-macrophage symbiosis markedly suppresses tumor progression and macrophage infiltration in glioblastoma mouse models. Analysis of tumor and plasma samples of glioblastoma patients confirms that LDHA and its downstream signals are potential biomarkers correlating positively with macrophage density. Thus, LDHA-mediated tumor-macrophage symbiosis provides therapeutic targets for glioblastoma."
8655,brain tumour,38443208,Quantitative and Qualitative Parameters of DCE-MRI Predict CDKN2A/B Homozygous Deletion in Gliomas.,Homozygous deletion (HD) of CDKN2A/B holds important prognostic value in gliomas. This study aimed to explore the predictive potential of conventional MRI characteristics combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI parameters in predicting CDKN2A/B HD status in gliomas.
8656,brain tumour,38443175,[Tea polyphenols improves depression-like behavior in aged type 2diabetes rats by regulating microglia polarization].,To investigate the effect of tea polyphenols(TP) on improving depression-like behavior in aged type 2 diabetes(T2DM) model rats.
8657,brain tumour,38443009,Delineating the Spectrum of Pituitary Adenoma Based on the WHO 2017 Classification.,The WHO 2017 classification of endocrine tumors incorporates lineage-specific transcription factors (TF) and hormone expression for the classification of pituitary adenoma (PA). There is paucity of reports describing the spectrum of PA based on this classification.
8658,brain tumour,33085279,Dacryostenosis,"Dacryostenosis is an acquired or congenital condition resulting from nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO), which causes epiphora or watery eyes. The term ""dacryostenosis"" is derived from the Greek words "
8659,brain tumour,26389419,Adult Central Nervous System Tumors Treatment (PDQ®): Health Professional Version,"This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the treatment of adult central nervous system tumors. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians in the care of their patients. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions. This summary is reviewed regularly and updated as necessary by the PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board, which is editorially independent of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or the National Institutes of Health (NIH)."
8660,brain tumour,38442423,Towards a Clearer Causal Question Underlying the Association Between Cancer and Dementia.,"Several observational studies have described an inverse association between cancer diagnosis and subsequent dementia risk. Multiple biologic mechanisms and potential biases have been proposed in attempts to explain this association. One proposed explanation is the opposite expression of Pin1 in cancer and dementia, and we use this explanation and potential drug target to illustrate the required assumptions and potential sources of bias for inferring an effect of Pin1 on dementia risk from analyses measuring cancer diagnosis as a proxy for Pin1 expression."
8661,brain tumour,38442275,Harnessing generative AI for glioma diagnosis: A step forward in neuro-oncologic imaging.,No abstract found
8662,brain tumour,38442272,VEGF-C prophylaxis favors lymphatic drainage and modulates neuroinflammation in a stroke model.,"Meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) promote tissue clearance and immune surveillance in the central nervous system (CNS). Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) regulates MLV development and maintenance and has therapeutic potential for treating neurological disorders. Herein, we investigated the effects of VEGF-C overexpression on brain fluid drainage and ischemic stroke outcomes in mice. Intracerebrospinal administration of an adeno-associated virus expressing mouse full-length VEGF-C (AAV-mVEGF-C) increased CSF drainage to the deep cervical lymph nodes (dCLNs) by enhancing lymphatic growth and upregulated neuroprotective signaling pathways identified by single nuclei RNA sequencing of brain cells. In a mouse model of ischemic stroke, AAV-mVEGF-C pretreatment reduced stroke injury and ameliorated motor performances in the subacute stage, associated with mitigated microglia-mediated inflammation and increased BDNF signaling in brain cells. Neuroprotective effects of VEGF-C were lost upon cauterization of the dCLN afferent lymphatics and not mimicked by acute post-stroke VEGF-C injection. We conclude that VEGF-C prophylaxis promotes multiple vascular, immune, and neural responses that culminate in a protection against neurological damage in acute ischemic stroke."
8663,brain tumour,38442049,A Two-Stage Generative Model with CycleGAN and Joint Diffusion for MRI-based Brain Tumor Detection.,"Accuratedetection and segmentation of brain tumors is critical for medical diagnosis. However, current supervised learning methods require extensively annotated images and the state-of-the-art generative models used in unsupervised methods often have limitations in covering the whole data distribution. In this paper, we propose a novel framework Two-Stage Generative Model (TSGM) that combines Cycle Generative Adversarial Network (CycleGAN) and Variance Exploding stochastic differential equation using joint probability (VE-JP) to improve brain tumor detection and segmentation. The CycleGAN is trained on unpaired data to generate abnormal images from healthy images as data prior. Then VE-JP is implemented to reconstruct healthy images using synthetic paired abnormal images as a guide, which alters only pathological regions but not regions of healthy. Notably, our method directly learned the joint probability distribution for conditional generation. The residual between input and reconstructed images suggests the abnormalities and a thresholding method is subsequently applied to obtain segmentation results. Furthermore, the multimodal results are weighted with different weights to improve the segmentation accuracy further. We validated our method on three datasets, and compared with other unsupervised methods for anomaly detection and segmentation. The DSC score of 0.8590 in BraTs2020 dataset, 0.6226 in ITCS dataset and 0.7403 in In-house dataset show that our method achieves better segmentation performance and has better generalization."
8664,brain tumour,38441841,Correction to: The effectiveness and safety of proton beam radiation therapy in children and young adults with Central Nervous System (CNS) tumours: a systematic review.,No abstract found
8665,brain tumour,38441840,Prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid tumor cell count in leptomeningeal disease from solid tumors.,"Treatment decisions for leptomeningeal disease (LMD) rely on patient risk stratification, since clinicians lack objective prognostic tools. The introduction of rare cell capture technology for identification of cerebrospinal fluid tumor cells (CSF-TCs), such as CNSide assay, improved the sensitivity of LMD diagnosis, but prognostic value is unknown. This study assesses the prognostic value of CSF-TC density in patients with LMD from solid tumors."
8666,brain tumour,38441781,Clinicopathological significance of microsatellite instability and immune escape mechanism in patients with gastric solid-type poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.,"In gastric solid-type poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (PDA), the role of microsatellite instability and immune escape mechanism remains unclear. The current study aimed to elucidate the clinical significance of mismatch repair (MMR) status, genome profile, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) expression, and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) infiltration in solid-type PDA."
8667,brain tumour,38441630,"Image-guided biopsy of intracranial lesions in children, with a small robotic device: a case series.","Robot-assisted biopsies have gained popularity in the last years. Most robotic procedures are performed with a floor-based robotic arm. Recently, Medtronic Stealth Autoguide, a miniaturized robotic arm that work together with an optical neuronavigation system, was launched. Its application in pediatric cases is relatively unexplored. In this study, we retrospectively report our experience using the Stealth Autoguide, for frameless stereotactic biopsies in pediatric patients."
8668,brain tumour,38441561,HIF1α/ATF3 partake in PGK1 K191/K192 succinylation by modulating P4HA1/succinate signaling in glioblastoma.,"Hypoxia is a pathological hallmark in most cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). Hypoxic signaling activation and post-translational modification (PTM) of oncogenic proteins are well-studied in cancers. Accumulating studies indicate glycolytic enzyme PGK1 plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unknown."
8669,brain tumour,38441553,Low- and High-Grade Glioma-Associated Vascular Cells Differentially Regulate Tumor Growth.,"A key feature distinguishing high-grade glioma (HG) from low-grade glioma (LG) is the extensive neovascularization and endothelial hyperproliferation. Prior work has shown that tumor-associated vasculature from HG is molecularly and functionally distinct from normal brain vasculature and expresses higher levels of protumorigenic factors that promote glioma growth and progression. However, it remains unclear whether vessels from LG also express protumorigenic factors, and to what extent they functionally contribute to glioma growth. Here, we profile the transcriptomes of glioma-associated vascular cells (GVC) from IDH-mutant (mIDH) LG and IDH-wild-type (wIDH) HG and show that they exhibit significant molecular and functional differences. LG-GVC show enrichment of extracellular matrix-related gene sets and sensitivity to antiangiogenic drugs, whereas HG-GVC display an increase in immune response-related gene sets and antiangiogenic resistance. Strikingly, conditioned media from LG-GVC inhibits the growth of wIDH glioblastoma cells, whereas HG-GVC promotes growth. In vivo cotransplantation of LG-GVC with tumor cells reduces growth, whereas HG-GVC enhances tumor growth in orthotopic xenografts. We identify ASPORIN (ASPN), a small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan, highly enriched in LG-GVC as a growth suppressor of wIDH glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Together, these findings indicate that GVC from LG and HG are molecularly and functionally distinct and differentially regulate tumor growth. Implications: This study demonstrated that vascular cells from IDH-mutant LG and IDH-wild-type HG exhibit distinct molecular signatures and have differential effects on tumor growth via regulation of ASPN-TGFβ1-GPM6A signaling."
8670,brain tumour,38440832,Using a deep learning prior for accelerating hyperpolarized ,"We aimed to incorporate a deep learning prior with k-space data fidelity for accelerating hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRSI, demonstrated on synthetic cancer datasets."
8671,brain tumour,38440545,Epidermoid Cyst of the Brainstem in 3-Year-Old Child: A Rare Case Report.,"Epidermoid cysts are infrequent lesions occupying the intracranial space, comprising approximately 1-2% of all intracranial tumors. Brainstem epidermoids are exceptionally uncommon in children; up until now, only a few scattered case reports have been documented in the literature regarding this unique location. These cysts commonly arise from the inclusion of ectodermal elements during neural tube closure. Complete excision of these cysts is challenging due to their close proximity and adherence to the brainstem, which makes it difficult to achieve. As a result, recurrence of the cysts is not uncommon. We have reported a rare case of a 3-year-old with a 5-month history of progressive headache, imbalance while walking and progressive weakness in his right upper limb and lower limb along with difficulty in swallowing. On MRI Brain imaging study he had a pre-pontine epidermoid with intra-axial extension in the pons. The patient underwent retro-sigmoid/suboccipital craniotomy and microsurgical excision of the tumor, including the tumor capsule. After completing the surgery, the cavity was irrigated using a solution containing hydrocortisone and Ringer lactate to prevent the occurrence of aseptic meningitis. In the postoperative, the patient recovered without any complications, as all symptoms showed immediate improvement, and the lower cranial nerves returned to normal functioning."
8672,brain tumour,38440396,A robust approach for multi-type classification of brain tumor using deep feature fusion.,"Brain tumors can be classified into many different types based on their shape, texture, and location. Accurate diagnosis of brain tumor types can help doctors to develop appropriate treatment plans to save patients' lives. Therefore, it is very crucial to improve the accuracy of this classification system for brain tumors to assist doctors in their treatment. We propose a deep feature fusion method based on convolutional neural networks to enhance the accuracy and robustness of brain tumor classification while mitigating the risk of over-fitting. Firstly, the extracted features of three pre-trained models including ResNet101, DenseNet121, and EfficientNetB0 are adjusted to ensure that the shape of extracted features for the three models is the same. Secondly, the three models are fine-tuned to extract features from brain tumor images. Thirdly, pairwise summation of the extracted features is carried out to achieve feature fusion. Finally, classification of brain tumors based on fused features is performed. The public datasets including Figshare (Dataset 1) and Kaggle (Dataset 2) are used to verify the reliability of the proposed method. Experimental results demonstrate that the fusion method of ResNet101 and DenseNet121 features achieves the best performance, which achieves classification accuracy of 99.18 and 97.24% in Figshare dataset and Kaggle dataset, respectively."
8673,brain tumour,38440376,The prognostic utility of temporalis muscle thickness measured on magnetic resonance scans in patients with intra-axial malignant brain tumours: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Sarcopenia is associated with worsened outcomes in solid cancers. Temporalis muscle thickness (TMT) has emerged as a measure of sarcopenia. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the relationship between TMT and outcome measures in patients with malignant intra-axial neoplasms."
8674,brain tumour,38440373,Is SSRI use a risk factor for intracranial hemorrhage after craniotomy for tumor resection?,"Prior studies have identified SSRI use as a risk factor for certain adverse bleeding outcomes. However, the risk of significant bleeding from perioperative SSRI use after brain tumor resection remains largely undetermined. This study evaluates if patients taking SSRIs perioperatively have a higher risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) following elective craniotomy for tumor resection."
8675,brain tumour,38440121,"Intraoperative Touch Imprint Cytology of Brain Neoplasms: A Useful High-Diagnostic Tool in 93 Consecutive Cases; Differential Diagnoses, Pitfalls, and Traps.",Intraoperative cytological examination of central nervous system (CNS) lesions was first introduced in 1920 by Eisenhardt and Cushing for rapid evaluation of neurosurgical specimens and to guide surgical treatment. It is recognized that this method not only confirms the adequacy of biopsy in CNS samples but also indicates the presence and preliminary diagnosis of lesional tissue.
8676,brain tumour,38440120,Hsa_circ_0000190 Promotes NSCLC Cell Resistance to Cisplatin via the Modulation of the miR-1253/IL-6 Axis.,This study explored the mechanistic basis for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cisplatin (DDP) treatment resistance in an effort to define effective approaches to abrogating the emergence of such chemoresistance.
8677,brain tumour,38439911,Quantitative proteomics of the miR-301a/SOCS3/STAT3 axis reveals underlying autism and anxiety-like behavior.,"Autism is a widespread neurodevelopmental disorder. Although the research on autism spectrum disorders has been increasing in the past decade, there is still no specific answer to its mechanism of action and treatment. As a pro-inflammatory microRNA, miR-301a is abnormally expressed in various psychiatric diseases including autism. Here, we show that miR-301a deletion and inhibition exhibited two distinct abnormal behavioral phenotypes in mice. We observed that miR-301a deletion in mice impaired learning/memory, and enhanced anxiety. On the contrary, miR-301a inhibition effectively reduced the maternal immune activation (MIA)-induced autism-like behaviors in mice. We further demonstrated that miR-301a bound to the 3'UTR region of the SOCS3, and that inhibition of miR-301a led to the upregulation of SOCS3 in hippocampus. The last result in the reduction of the inflammatory response by inhibiting phosphorylation of AKT and STAT3, and the expression level of IL-17A in poly(I:C)-induced autism-like features in mice. The obtained data revealed the miR-301a as a critical participant in partial behavior phenotypes, which may exhibit a divergent role between gene knockout and knockdown. Our findings ascertain that miR-301a negatively regulates SOCS3 in MIA-induced autism in mice and could present a new therapeutic target for ameliorating the behavioral abnormalities of autism."
8678,brain tumour,38439834,Gene therapy in glioblastoma multiforme: Can it be a role changer?,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most lethal cancers with a poor prognosis. Over the past century since its initial discovery and medical description, the development of effective treatments for this condition has seen limited progress. Despite numerous efforts, only a handful of drugs have gained approval for its treatment. However, these treatments have not yielded substantial improvements in both overall survival and progression-free survival rates. One reason for this is its unique features such as heterogeneity and difficulty of drug delivery because of two formidable barriers, namely the blood-brain barrier and the tumor-blood barrier. Over the past few years, significant developments in therapeutic approaches have given rise to promising novel and advanced therapies. Target-specific therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small molecules, stand as two important examples; however, they have not yielded a significant improvement in survival among GBM patients. Gene therapy, a relatively nascent advanced approach, holds promise as a potential treatment for cancer, particularly GBM. It possesses the potential to address the limitations of previous treatments and even newer advanced therapies like mAbs, owing to its distinct properties. This review aims to elucidate the current status and advancements in gene therapy for GBM treatment, while also presenting its future prospects."
8679,brain tumour,38439583,Impact of setup errors on the robustness of linac-based single-isocenter coplanar and non-coplanar VMAT plans for multiple brain metastases.,"Patient setup errors have been a primary concern impacting the dose delivery accuracy in radiation therapy. A robust treatment plan might mitigate the effects of patient setup errors. In this reported study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of translational and rotational errors on the robustness of linac-based, single-isocenter, coplanar, and non-coplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy treatment plans for multiple brain metastases."
8680,brain tumour,38438773,CDKN2A promoter methylation enhances self-renewal of glioblastoma stem cells and confers resistance to carmustine.,"Glioblastoma, a highly aggressive form of brain cancer, poses significant challenges due to its resistance to therapy and high recurrence rates. This study aimed to investigate the expression and functional implications of CDKN2A, a key tumor suppressor gene, in glioblastoma cells, building upon the existing background of knowledge in this field."
8681,brain tumour,38438767,Clinical characteristics and predictive factors of delayed diagnosis in patients with sellar germ cell tumors.,"To investigate the clinical characteristics and predictive factors associated with delayed diagnosis in patients with sellar germ cell tumors (GCTs), aiming for early diagnosis."
8682,brain tumour,38438766,Clinical presentation and extent of resection impacts progression-free survival in spinal ependymomas.,"Primary treatment of spinal ependymomas involves surgical resection, however recurrence ranges between 50 and 70%. While the association of survival outcomes with lesion extent of resection (EOR) has been studied, existing analyses are limited by small samples and archaic data resulting in an inhomogeneous population. We investigated the relationship between EOR and survival outcomes, chiefly overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), in a large contemporary cohort of spinal ependymoma patients."
8683,brain tumour,38438420,ImmunoPET imaging of TIGIT in the glioma microenvironment.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Currently, there are few effective treatment options for GBM beyond surgery and chemo-radiation, and even with these interventions, median patient survival remains poor. While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy against non-central nervous system cancers, ICI trials for GBM have typically had poor outcomes. TIGIT is an immune checkpoint receptor that is expressed on activated T-cells and has a role in the suppression of T-cell and Natural Killer (NK) cell function. As TIGIT expression is reported as both prognostic and a biomarker for anti-TIGIT therapy, we constructed a molecular imaging agent, ["
8684,brain tumour,38438322,Plasma ctDNA Monitoring of a PTCH1-Mutant Metastatic Adult Medulloblastoma Showing a Durable Benefit With Vismodegib.,"Adult medulloblastoma (MB) is a rare disease affecting 0.6 persons per million adults over 19 years of age. The SHH-activated/TP53-wild type is the most common subtype, accounting for 60% of adult MBs, being characterized by mutations in PTCH1, SMO, or the TERT promoter. Several small studies demonstrate objective but short-lived responses to SMO inhibitors such as vismodegib or sonidegib. Like other oncogene-addicted solid tumors, detection of the corresponding drivers through liquid biopsy could aid in the molecular diagnosis and monitoring of the disease through less invasive procedures. However, most studies have only evaluated cerebrospinal fluid as the ctDNA reservoir, and very limited evidence exists on the role of liquid biopsy in plasma in patients with primary central nervous system tumors, including MB. We present the case of a 26-year-old patient with a recurrent MB, in which next-generation sequencing (FoundationOne CDx) revealed a mutation in PTCH1, allowing the patient to be treated with vismodegib in second line, resulting in a durable benefit lasting for 1 year. Using an in-house digital PCR probe, the PTCH1 mutation could be tracked in ctDNA during treatment with first-line chemotherapy and while on treatment with vismodegib, demonstrating a precise correlation with the radiological and clinical behavior of the disease."
8685,brain tumour,38438167,Molecular GBM versus Histopathological GBM: Radiology-Pathology-Genetic Correlation and the New WHO 2021 Definition of Glioblastoma.,"Given the recent advances in molecular pathogenesis of tumors, with better correlation with tumor behavior and prognosis, major changes were made to the new 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumors, including updated criteria for diagnosis of glioblastoma (GBM). Diagnosis of GBM now requires absence of isocitrate dehydrogenase and histone 3 mutations (IDH-wild-type and H3-wild-type) as the basic cornerstone, with elimination of the IDH-mutant category. The requirements for diagnosis were conventionally histopathological, based on the presence of pathognomonic features such as microvascular proliferation and necrosis. However, even if these histologic features are absent, many lower-grade (WHO grade 2/3) diffuse astrocytic gliomas behave clinically similar to GBM (grade 4). The 2021 WHO classification introduced new molecular criteria that can be used to upgrade the diagnosis of such histologically lower-grade, IDH-wild-type, astrocytomas to GBM. The 3 molecular criteria include: concurrent gain of whole chromosome 7 and loss of whole chromosome 10 (+7/-10); telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutation; and epidermal growth factor receptor amplification. Given these changes, it is now strongly recommended to have molecular analysis of WHO grade 2/3 diffuse astrocytic, IDH-wild-type, gliomas in adult patients, as identification of any of the above mutations allows for upgrading the tumor to WHO grade 4 (""molecular GBM"") with important prognostic implications. Despite an early stage, there is active ongoing research on the unique MR imaging features of molecular GBM. This paper highlights the differences between ""molecular"" and ""histopathological"" GBM, with the aim of providing a basic understanding about these changes."
8686,brain tumour,38438018,Neurological complications of modern radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.,"Radiotherapy is one of the mainstay treatment modalities for the management of non-metastatic head and neck cancer (HNC). Notable improvements in treatment outcomes have been observed in the recent decades. Modern radiotherapy techniques, such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy and charged particle therapy, have significantly improved tumor target conformity and enabled better preservation of normal structures. However, because of the intricate anatomy of the head and neck region, multiple critical neurological structures such as the brain, brainstem, spinal cord, cranial nerves, nerve plexuses, autonomic pathways, brain vasculature, and neurosensory organs, are variably irradiated during treatment, particularly when tumor targets are in close proximity. Consequently, a diverse spectrum of late neurological sequelae may manifest in HNC survivors. These neurological complications commonly result in irreversible symptoms, impair patients' quality of life, and contribute to a substantial proportion of non-cancer deaths. Although the relationship between radiation dose and toxicity has not been fully elucidated for all complications, appropriate application of dosimetric constraints during radiotherapy planning may reduce their incidence. Vigilant surveillance during the course of survivorship also enables early detection and intervention. This article endeavors to provide a comprehensive review of the various neurological complications of modern radiotherapy for HNC, summarize the current incidence data, discuss methods to minimize their risks during radiotherapy planning, and highlight potential strategies for managing these debilitating toxicities."
8687,brain tumour,38437862,"Subdural Hematoma due to Dural Metastasis: A Systematic Review on Frequency, Clinical Characteristics, and Neurosurgical Management."," Subdural hematoma (SDH) occasionally accompanies dural metastasis and is associated with high recurrence rate, significantly impacting patient morbidity and mortality. This systematic review aims to evaluate the characteristics, management options, and outcomes of patients with SDH associated with dural metastasis."
8688,brain tumour,38437792,Impact of the Breast Cancer Index for Extended Endocrine Decision-Making: First Results of the Prospective BCI Registry Study.,The Breast Cancer Index (BCI) test assay provides an individualized risk of late distant recurrence (5-10 years) and predicts the likelihood of benefitting from extended endocrine therapy (EET) in hormone receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer. This analysis aimed to assess the impact of BCI on EET decision-making in current clinical practice.
8689,brain tumour,38437672,Rare variant of large pediatric glioneuronal tumor with novel MYO5A::NTRK3 fusion: illustrative case.,"Glioneuronal tumors (GNTs) comprise a rare class of central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms with varying degrees of neuronal and glial differentiation that predominately affect children and young adults. Within the current 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumors, GNTs encompass 14 distinct tumor types. Recently, the use of whole-genome DNA methylation profiling has allowed more precise classification of this tumor group."
8690,brain tumour,38437668,Novel radiotherapeutic strategies in the management of brain metastases: Challenging the dogma.,"The role of radiation therapy in the management of brain metastasis is evolving. Advancements in machine learning techniques have improved our ability to both detect brain metastasis and our ability to contour substructures of the brain as critical organs at risk. Advanced imaging with PET tracers and magnetic resonance imaging-based artificial intelligence models can now predict tumor control and differentiate tumor progression from radiation necrosis. These advancements will help to optimize dose and fractionation for each patient's lesion based on tumor size, histology, systemic therapy, medical comorbidities/patient genetics, and tumor molecular features. This review will discuss the current state of brain directed radiation for brain metastasis. We will also discuss future directions to improve the precision of stereotactic radiosurgery and optimize whole brain radiation techniques to improve local tumor control and prevent cognitive decline without forming necrosis."
8691,brain tumour,38437667,How proton therapy fits into the management of adult intracranial tumors.,"Intracranial tumors include a challenging array of primary and secondary parenchymal and extra-axial tumors which cause neurologic morbidity consequential to location, disease extent, and proximity to critical neurologic structures. Radiotherapy can be used in the definitive, adjuvant, or salvage setting either with curative or palliative intent. Proton therapy (PT) is a promising advance due to dosimetric advantages compared to conventional photon radiotherapy with regards to normal tissue sparing, as well as distinct physical properties, which yield radiobiologic benefits. In this review, the principles of efficacy and safety of PT for a variety of intracranial tumors are discussed, drawing upon case series, retrospective and prospective cohort studies, and randomized clinical trials. This manuscript explores the potential advantages of PT, including reduced acute and late treatment-related side effects and improved quality of life. The objective is to provide a comprehensive review of the current evidence and clinical outcomes of PT. Given the lack of consensus and directives for its utilization in patients with intracranial tumors, we aim to provide a guide for its judicious use in clinical practice."
8692,brain tumour,38437665,The dilemma of radiation necrosis from diagnosis to treatment in the management of brain metastases.,"Radiation therapy with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or whole brain radiation therapy is a mainstay of treatment for patients with brain metastases. The use of SRS in the management of brain metastases is becoming increasingly common and provides excellent local control. Cerebral radiation necrosis (RN) is a late complication of radiation treatment that can be seen months to years following treatment and is often indistinguishable from tumor progression on conventional imaging. In this review article, we explore risk factors associated with the development of radiation necrosis, advanced imaging modalities used to aid in diagnosis, and potential treatment strategies to manage side effects."
8693,brain tumour,38437646,Chronic Stress Exacerbates the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment and Progression of Gliomas by Reducing Secretion of CCL3.,"As understanding of cancer has deepened, increasing attention has been turned to the roles of psychological factors, especially chronic stress-induced depression, in the occurrence and development of tumors. However, whether and how depression affects the progression of gliomas are still unclear. In this study, we have revealed that chronic stress inhibited the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and other immune cells, especially M1-type TAMs and CD8+ T cells, and decreased the level of proinflammatory cytokines in gliomas, leading to an immunosuppressive microenvironment and glioma progression. Mechanistically, by promoting the secretion of stress hormones, chronic stress inhibited the secretion of the chemokine CCL3 and the recruitment of M1-type TAMs in gliomas. Intratumoral administration of CCL3 reprogrammed the immune microenvironment of gliomas and abolished the progression of gliomas induced by chronic stress. Moreover, levels of CCL3 and M1-type TAMs were decreased in the tumor tissues of glioma patients with depression, and CCL3 administration enhanced the antitumor effect of anti-PD-1 therapy in orthotopic models of gliomas undergoing chronic stress. In conclusion, our study has revealed that chronic stress exacerbates the immunosuppressive microenvironment and progression of gliomas by reducing the secretion of CCL3. CCL3 alone or in combination with an anti-PD-1 may be an effective immunotherapy for the treatment of gliomas with depression. See related Spotlight by Cui and Kang, p. 514."
8694,brain tumour,38436926,Differences Between GH- and PRL-Cosecreting and GH-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas: a Series of 604 Cases.,"Few data exist about the clinical course of acromegaly, surgical and medical outcomes in patients with GH- and prolactin cosecreting pituitary adenomas (GH&PRL-PAs). Nevertheless, some series described a more aggressive clinic-radiological behavior than in growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas (GH-PAs)."
8695,brain tumour,38436894,Preoperative patient-reported physical health-related quality of life predicts short-term postoperative outcomes in brain tumor patients.,"Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly used to assess patients' perioperative health. The PROM Information System 29 (PROMIS-29) is a well-validated global health assessment instrument for patient physical health, though its utility in cranial neurosurgery is unclear."
8696,brain tumour,38436680,Effectiveness and tolerability of brivaracetam in patients with epilepsy stratified by comorbidities and etiology in the real world: 12-month subgroup data from the international EXPERIENCE pooled analysis.,To assess the effectiveness and tolerability of brivaracetam (BRV) in adults with epilepsy by specific comorbidities and epilepsy etiologies.
8697,brain tumour,38436464,Resting state functional connectome in breast cancer patients with fear of cancer recurrence.,"This study aimed to investigate network-level brain functional changes in breast cancer patients and their relationship with fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). Resting-state functional MRI was collected from 43 patients with breast cancer and 40 healthy controls (HCs). Graph theory analyses, whole-brain voxel-wise functional connectivity strength (FCS) analyses and seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analyses were performed to identify connection alterations in breast cancer patients. Correlations between brain functional connections (i.e. FCS and FC) and FCR level were assessed to further reveal the neural mechanisms of FCR in breast cancer patients. Graph theory analyses indicated a decreased clustering coefficient in breast cancer patients compared to HCs (P = 0.04). Patients with breast cancer exhibited significantly higher FCS in both higher-order function networks (frontoparietal, default mode, and dorsal attention systems) and primary somatomotor networks. Among the hyperconnected regions in breast cancer, the left inferior frontal operculum demonstrated a significant positive correlation with FCR. Our findings suggest that breast cancer patients exhibit less segregation of brain function, and the left inferior frontal operculum is a key region associated with FCR. This study offers insights into the neural mechanisms of FCR in breast cancer patients at the level of brain connectome."
8698,brain tumour,38436259,Deciphering the Association of Epstein-Barr Virus and Its Glycoprotein M Peptide with Neuropathologies in Mice.,"The reactivation of ubiquitously present Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known to be involved with numerous diseases, including neurological ailments. A recent "
8699,brain tumour,38435909,Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Approach to Pineal Germinoma: A Case Report.,"Intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare malignant tumors with a peak incidence around puberty. The pineal region is the most commonly involved area of all intracranial GCTs. Due to the heterogeneous tumor origin, subtypes, and presentation, diagnosis and management are challenging. Complicated pineal germinomas are rarely reported in the literature. Here, we report a rare case of pineal germinoma with hydrocephalus and discuss the potential treatment approach. A 20-year-old boy presented to the hospital with vomiting and a decreased level of consciousness. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a pineal tumor. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed to relieve the increased intracranial pressure. The patient underwent a suboccipital craniotomy with excisional biopsy of the pineal region tumor due to its critical location, as imaging studies alone may not be sufficient to establish a definitive diagnosis. Although there has been a rise in reported cases of germinoma tumors, there is currently no standardized therapeutic approach for treating them. Therefore, more randomized controlled cohort studies are necessary to evaluate potential treatments and develop a therapeutic approach."
8700,brain tumour,38435669,"Targeting NF-κB signaling cascades of glioblastoma by a natural benzophenone, garcinol, via ","Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is regarded as the most aggressive form of brain tumor delineated by high cellular heterogeneity; it is resistant to conventional therapeutic regimens. In this study, the anti-cancer potential of garcinol, a naturally derived benzophenone, was assessed against GBM. During the analysis, we observed a reduction in the viability of rat glioblastoma C6 cells at a concentration of 30 µM of the extract ("
8701,brain tumour,38435590,Advancing brain tumor detection: harnessing the Swin Transformer's power for accurate classification and performance analysis.,"The accurate detection of brain tumors through medical imaging is paramount for precise diagnoses and effective treatment strategies. In this study, we introduce an innovative and robust methodology that capitalizes on the transformative potential of the Swin Transformer architecture for meticulous brain tumor image classification. Our approach handles the classification of brain tumors across four distinct categories: glioma, meningioma, non-tumor, and pituitary, leveraging a dataset comprising 2,870 images. Employing the Swin Transformer architecture, our method intricately integrates a multifaceted pipeline encompassing sophisticated preprocessing, intricate feature extraction mechanisms, and a highly nuanced classification framework. Utilizing 21 matrices for performance evaluation across all four classes, these matrices provide a detailed insight into the model's behavior throughout the learning process, furthermore showcasing a graphical representation of confusion matrix, training and validation loss and accuracy. The standout performance parameter, accuracy, stands at an impressive 97%. This achievement outperforms established models like CNN, DCNN, ViT, and their variants in brain tumor classification. Our methodology's robustness and exceptional accuracy showcase its potential as a pioneering model in this domain, promising substantial advancements in accurate tumor identification and classification, thereby contributing significantly to the landscape of medical image analysis."
8702,brain tumour,38434971,Exploration of radiotherapy strategy for brain metastasis patients with driver gene positivity in lung cancer.,
8703,brain tumour,38434778,Intraocular tuberculosis masquerading as ocular tumor: A case report.,"Tuberculosis is one of the most common pediatric problems, especially in the developing world. In spite of that, intraocular tuberculosis is a rare disease that can easily be confused with other noninfectious processes, even in regions where tuberculosis is rampant. Diagnosis is difficult, yet it is very important to provide effective antituberculosis treatment and avoid potentially sight-losing interventions. We present a case of a 2-year-old child with a positive contact history of tuberculosis who presented with progressively worsening seizures and constitutional symptoms for 6 months. Brain computed tomography revealed right frontotemporal region conglomerated ring-enhancing lesions with central necrosis consistent with tuberculosis. On the same scan, a calcified right retinal lesion with a contrast-enhancing soft tissue component was identified. A chest radiograph and abdominal sonography showed evidence of disseminated tuberculosis. Subsequently, antituberculosis treatment was initiated, and the right retinal lesion improved, thus leading to the imaging diagnosis of right intraocular tuberculosis. Early and accurate diagnosis of retinal tuberculosis is of paramount importance in avoiding potentially catastrophic interventions. Neuroimaging is a useful, noninvasive method to consider this difficult diagnosis and also for follow-up."
8704,brain tumour,38434086,The role of short-chain fatty acids in central nervous system diseases: A bibliometric and visualized analysis with future directions.,Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are thought to play a key role in the microbe-gut-brain axis and involve in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological diseases. This study aimed to identify research hotspots and evolution trends in SCFAs in central nervous diseases (CNS) and examine current research trends.
8705,brain tumour,38433899,Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals epithelial cells driving brain metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma.,"Brain metastases (BM) of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are the most common intracranial malignancy leading to death. However, the cellular origins and drivers of BM from LUAD have not been clarified. Cellular composition was characterized by single-cell sequencing analysis of primary lung adenocarcinoma (pLUAD), BM and lymph node metastasis (LNM) samples in GSE131907. Our study briefly analyzed the tumor microenvironment (TME), focusing on the role of epithelial cells (ECs) in BM. We have discovered a population of brain metastasis-associated epithelial cells (BMAECs) expressing SPP1, SAA1, and CDKN2A, and it has been observed that this population is mainly composed of aneuploid cells from pLUAD, playing a crucial role in brain metastasis. Our study concluded that both LNM and BM in LUAD originated from pLUAD lesions, but there is currently insufficient evidence to prove a direct association between BM lesions and LNM lesions, which provides inspiration for further investigation of the TME in BM."
8706,brain tumour,38433844,From pain to tumor immunity: influence of peripheral sensory neurons in cancer.,"The nervous and immune systems are the primary sensory interfaces of the body, allowing it to recognize, process, and respond to various stimuli from both the external and internal environment. These systems work in concert through various mechanisms of neuro-immune crosstalk to detect threats, provide defense against pathogens, and maintain or restore homeostasis, but can also contribute to the development of diseases. Among peripheral sensory neurons (PSNs), nociceptive PSNs are of particular interest. They possess a remarkable capability to detect noxious stimuli in the periphery and transmit this information to the brain, resulting in the perception of pain and the activation of adaptive responses. Pain is an early symptom of cancer, often leading to its diagnosis, but it is also a major source of distress for patients as the disease progresses. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the mechanisms within tumors that are likely to induce cancer pain, exploring a range of factors from etiological elements to cellular and molecular mediators. In addition to transmitting sensory information to the central nervous system, PSNs are also capable, when activated, to produce and release neuropeptides (e.g., CGRP and SP) from their peripheral terminals. These neuropeptides have been shown to modulate immunity in cases of inflammation, infection, and cancer. PSNs, often found within solid tumors, are likely to play a significant role in the tumor microenvironment, potentially influencing both tumor growth and anti-tumor immune responses. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge about the degree of sensory innervation in tumors. We also seek to understand whether and how PSNs may influence the tumor growth and associated anti-tumor immunity in different mouse models of cancer. Finally, we discuss the extent to which the tumor is able to influence the development and functions of the PSNs that innervate it."
8707,brain tumour,38433754,Prenatal diagnosis and clinical management of cardiac rhabdomyoma: a single-center study.,"The study aims to assess the ultrasonic features of fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma (CR), track the perinatal outcome and postnatal disease progression, investigate the clinical utility of ultrasound, MRI and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) gene analysis in CR evaluation, and offer evidence for determing of fetal CR prognosis."
8708,brain tumour,38433721,AI-guided histopathology predicts brain metastasis in lung cancer patients.,Brain metastases can occur in nearly half of patients with early and locally advanced (stage I-III) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There are no reliable histopathologic or molecular means to identify those who are likely to develop brain metastases. We sought to determine if deep learning (DL) could be applied to routine H&E-stained primary tumor tissue sections from stage I-III NSCLC patients to predict the development of brain metastasis. Diagnostic slides from 158 patients with stage I-III NSCLC followed for at least 5 years for the development of brain metastases (Met
8709,brain tumour,38433701,Motor mapping of the hand muscles using peripheral innervation-based navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation to identify functional reorganization of primary motor regions in malignant tumors.,"Tumor-related motor reorganization remains unclear. Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) can investigate plasticity non-invasively. nTMS-induced motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) of different muscles are commonly used to measure the center of gravity (CoG), the location with the highest density of corticospinal neurons in the precentral gyrus. We hypothesized that a peripheral innervation-based MEP analysis could outline the tumor-induced motor reorganization with a higher clinical and oncological relevance. Then, 21 patients harboring tumors inside the left corticospinal tract (CST) or precentral gyrus were enrolled in group one (G1), and 24 patients with tumors outside the left CST or precentral gyrus were enrolled in Group 2 (G2). Median- and ulnar-nerve-based MEP analysis combined with diffusion tensor imaging fiber tracking was used to explore motor function distribution. There was no significant difference in CoGs or size of motor regions and underlying tracts between G1 and G2. However, G1 involved a sparser distribution of motor regions and more motor-positive sites in the supramarginal gyrus-tumors inside motor areas induced motor reorganization. We propose an ""anchor-and-ship theory"" hypothesis for this process of motor reorganization: motor CoGs are stably located in the cortical projection area of the CST, like a seated anchor, as the core area for motor output. Primary motor regions can relocate to nearby gyri via synaptic plasticity and association fibers, like a ship moving around its anchor. This principle can anticipate functional reorganization and be used as a neuro-oncological tool for local therapy, such as radiotherapy or surgery."
8710,brain tumour,38433573,Comparison of Optical Genome Mapping With Conventional Diagnostic Methods for Structural Variant Detection in Hematologic Malignancies.,"Structural variants (SVs) are currently analyzed using a combination of conventional methods; however, this approach has limitations. Optical genome mapping (OGM), an emerging technology for detecting SVs using a single-molecule strategy, has the potential to replace conventional methods. We compared OGM with conventional diagnostic methods for detecting SVs in various hematologic malignancies."
8711,brain tumour,38433527,Region-specific DNA hydroxymethylation along the malignant progression of IDH-mutant gliomas.,The majority of low-grade isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant (IDH
8712,brain tumour,38433372,A fast transition: A case study of patients' experiences during the diagnostic and surgical treatment phase of an accelerated brain cancer pathway.,"Patients receiving a brain cancer diagnosis may face cognitive decline and a poor prognosis. In addition, they suffer from a high symptom burden in a complex cancer pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the early hospital experiences of brain tumour patients during the diagnostic and surgical treatment phase."
8713,brain tumour,38433203,Sinonasal adenocarcinoma presented as a giant anterior cranial fossa mass: a case report and review of the literature.,"Intestinal adenocarcinoma accounts for less than 0.1-4% of all malignancies in the region. It is common among woodworkers and leather workers. Sinonasal adenocarcinoma usually arises from the ethmoid sinus (40%) or nasal cavity (25%). Extension to nearby structures is common, but intracranial spread is very rare. These tumors are usually treated with surgery, with a reported 5-year survival rate of 59% to 80%."
8714,brain tumour,38433132,A novel pathogenic variant in TDP2 causes spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive 23 accompanied by pituitary tumor and hyperhidrosis: a case report.,"TDP2 gene encodes tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 2, an enzyme required for effective repair of the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive 23 (SCAR23) is a rare disease caused by the pathogenic mutation of TDP2 gene and characterized by intellectual disability, progressive ataxia and refractory epilepsy. Thus far, merely nine patients harboring five different variants (c.425 + 1G > A; c.413_414delinsAA, p. Ser138*; c.400C > T, p. Arg134*; c.636 + 3_ 636 + 6 del; c.4G > T, p. Glu2*) in TDP2 gene have been reported. Here, we describe the tenth patient with a novel variant (c.650del, p. Gly217GlufsTer7) and new phenotype (pituitary tumor and hyperhidrosis)."
8715,brain tumour,38433103,Serum sodium level fluctuations following the resection of childhood-onset craniopharyngioma.,"Craniopharyngiomas are low-grade malignancies (WHO I) in the sellar region. Most cases of childhood-onset craniopharyngioma are adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma, and neurosurgery is the treatment of choice. Affected patients have postoperative complications, including water and electrolyte disturbances, because these malignancies develop near the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Determining postoperative serum sodium fluctuation patterns in these patients can reduce postoperative mortality and improve prognosis."
8716,brain tumour,38432506,Incidence and Risk Factors of Surgical Site Infection After Cranial Surgery for Patients with Brain Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.,"Surgical site infections after craniotomy (SSI-CRANs) are a serious adverse event given the proximity of the wound to the central nervous system. SSI-CRANs are associated with substantial patient morbidity and mortality. Despite the importance and recognition of this event in other surgical fields, there is a paucity of evidence in the neurosurgical literature devoted to SSI-CRAN specifically in patients after brain tumor surgery."
8717,brain tumour,38432505,Effectiveness and Safety of Ultra-low-dose Fluorescein Sodium-Guided Resection of Malignant Glioma.,This study analyzed the effectiveness and safety of ultra-low dose fluorescein sodium (FL)-guided malignant glioma resection and its potential to predict the pathological characteristics of glioma.
8718,brain tumour,38432355,"Exogenous monosodium glutamate exacerbates lipopolysaccharide-induced neurobehavioral deficits, oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, and cholinergic dysfunction in rat brain.","Extensive experimental evidence points to neuroinflammation and oxidative stress as major pathogenic events that initiate and drive the neurodegenerative process. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a widely used food additive in processed foods known for its umami taste-enhancing properties. However, concerns about its potential adverse effects on the brain have been raised. Thus, the present study investigated the impact of MSG on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neurotoxicity in rat brains. Wistar rats weighing between 180 g and 200 g were randomly allocated into four groups: control (received distilled water), MSG (received 1.5 g/kg/day), LPS (received 250 µg/kg/day), and LPS + MSG (received LPS, 250 µg/kg, and MSG, 1.5 g/kg). LPS was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days while MSG was administered orally for 14 days. Our results showed that MSG exacerbated LPS-induced impairment in locomotor and exploratory activities in rats. Similarly, MSG exacerbated LPS-induced oxidative stress as evidenced by increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) with a concomitant decrease in levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) in the brain tissue. In addition, MSG potentiated LPS-induced neuroinflammation, as indicated by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide (NO) in the brain. Moreover, MSG aggravated LPS-induced cholinergic dysfunction, as demonstrated by increased activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain. Further, we found a large number of degenerative neurons widespread in hippocampal CA1, CA3 regions, cerebellum, and cortex according to H&E staining. Taken together, our findings suggest that MSG aggravates LPS-induced neurobehavioral deficits, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, cholinergic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration in rat brains."
8719,brain tumour,38432290,Cytoskeletal β-tubulin and cysteine cathepsin L deregulation by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interaction with the neuronal model cell line SH-SY5Y.,"SARS-CoV-2 mainly infects the respiratory tract but can also target other organs, including the central nervous system. While it was recently shown that cells of the blood-brain-barrier are permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, it remains debated whether neurons can be infected. In this study, we demonstrate that vesicular stomatitis virus particles pseudotyped with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants WT, Alpha, Delta and Omicron enter the neuronal model cell line SH-SY5Y. Cell biological analyses of the pseudo-virus treated cultures showed marked alterations in microtubules of SH-SY5Y cells. Because the changes in β-tubulin occurred in most cells, but only few were infected, we further asked whether interaction of the cells with spike protein might be sufficient to cause molecular and structural changes. For this, SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with trimeric spike proteins for time intervals of up to 24 h. CellProfiler™-based image analyses revealed changes in the intensities of microtubule staining in spike protein-incubated cells. Furthermore, expression of the spike protein-processing protease cathepsin L was found to be up-regulated by wild type, Alpha and Delta spike protein pseudotypes and cathepsin L was found to be secreted from spike protein-treated cells. We conclude that the mere interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 with neuronal cells can affect cellular architecture and proteolytic capacities. The molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induced cytoskeletal changes in neuronal cells remain elusive and require future studies."
8720,brain tumour,38432285,A Prospective Study of Machine Learning-Assisted Radiation Therapy Planning for Patients Receiving 54 Gy to the Brain.,"The capacity for machine learning (ML) to facilitate radiation therapy (RT) planning for primary brain tumors has not been described. We evaluated ML-assisted RT planning with regard to clinical acceptability, dosimetric outcomes, and planning efficiency for adults and children with primary brain tumors."
8721,brain tumour,38431937,A Targeted and Responsive Nanoprodrug Delivery System for Synergistic Glioma Chemotherapy.,"Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used as a chemotherapeutic agent for both hematologic and solid tumors and is a reasonable candidate for glioma treatment. However, its effectiveness is hindered by significant toxicity and drug resistance. Moreover, the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) brings a crucial challenge to glioma therapy. In response, a GSH-responsive and actively targeted nanoprodrug delivery system (cRGD/PSDOX-Cur@NPs) are developed. In this system, a disulfide bond-bridged DOX prodrug (PEG-SS-DOX) is designed to release specifically in the high glutathione (GSH) tumor environment, markedly reducing the cardiotoxicity associated with DOX. To further address DOX resistance, curcumin, serving as a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor, effectively increased cellular DOX concentration. Consequently, cRGD/PSDOX-Cur@NPs exhibited synergistic anti-tumor effects in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo experiments validated the superior BBB penetration and brain-targeting abilities of cRGD/PSDOX-Cur@NPs, showcasing the remarkable potential for treating both subcutaneous and orthotopic gliomas. This research underscores that this nanoprodrug delivery system presents a novel approach to inhibiting glioma while addressing resistance and systemic toxicity."
8722,brain tumour,38431838,Clinical efficacy of early microsurgical clipping of tumor neck in the treatment of cerebral aneurysm rupture and bleeding and its impact on oxidative stress response and prognosis of patients.,"Cerebral aneurysm can rupture a blood vessel and cause bleeding in the brain. Microsurgical clipping of the tumor neck has been reported to be effective in treating cerebral aneurysm rupture and bleeding. This research attempted to clarify the clinical efficacy of early microsurgical clipping of tumor neck for treating cerebral aneurysm rupture and bleeding, and its impact on the prognosis of patients. One hundred patients with cerebral aneurysm rupture and bleeding patients were treated. They were selected and divided into experimental group (n=25) and control group (n=25) according to surgical time. All patients underwent microsurgical clipping of tumor neck for therapy. The control group chose to undergo surgery 72 hours after the onset of cerebral aneurysm rupture and bleeding, while the experimental group chose to undergo complete surgery within 72 hours after the onset of cerebral aneurysm rupture and bleeding. Primary outcome measures were incidence of complications, cognitive function scores, prognosis, surgical indicators, oxidative stress response and quality of life. Results showed that compared to the control group, the incidence of complications in experimental group exhibited depletion (P<0.05), the prognosis in experimental group exhibited elevation (P<0.05), the hospitalization time in experimental group exhibited depletion (P<0.05), the nomination, abstraction, language, orientation, attention, delayed recall and visual and executive function scores and total scores in experimental group exhibited elevation (P<0.05), serum levels of oxidative stress-related indicators in experimental group exhibited depletion (P<0.05) and the quality of life in experimental group exhibited elevation (P<0.05). In conclusion, early microsurgical clipping of the tumor neck can reduce the risk of complications and cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral aneurysm rupture and bleeding."
8723,brain tumour,38431501,Clinical application of an institutional fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (FSRS) program for brain metastases delivered with MRIdian,"Single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or fractionated SRS (FSRS) are well established strategies for patients with limited brain metastases. A broad spectrum of modern dedicated platforms are currently available for delivering intracranial SRS/FSRS; however, SRS/FSRS delivered using traditional CT-based platforms relies on the need for diagnostic MR images to be coregistered to planning CT scans for target volume delineation. Additionally, the on-board image guidance on traditional platforms yields limited inter-fraction and intra-fraction real-time visualization of the tumor at the time of treatment delivery. MR Linacs are capable of obtaining treatment planning MR and on-table MR sequences to enable visualization of the targets and organs-at-risk and may subsequently help identify anatomical changes prior to treatment that may invoke the need for on table treatment adaptation. Recently, an MR-guided intracranial package (MRIdian A3i BrainTx"
8724,brain tumour,38431371,Grade 5 Radiation Necrosis After Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy.,Whole-brain radiation treatment is often considered for patients with leptomeningeal disease. There are limited reports of the development of radiation necrosis after whole-brain radiation treatment and fewer associating the presence of germline mutations with risk. We present a case report to highlight the need for consideration of radiosensitizing mutations when recommending radiation therapy.
8725,brain tumour,38431289,Mismatch repair status and surgical approach in apparent early-stage endometrial cancer.,To test the hypothesis that mismatch repair (MMR) status (as an accurate surrogate marker for microsatellite stability) modifies the effect of surgical approach on oncological outcome for apparent early-stage endometrial cancer.
8726,brain tumour,38431211,Achieving Gross Total Resection in Neurosurgery: A Review of Intraoperative Techniques and Their Influence on Surgical Goals.,"The definition of complete resection in neurosurgery depends on tumor type, surgical aims, and postoperative investigations, directly guiding the choice of intraoperative tools. Most common tumor types present challenges in achieving complete resection due to their infiltrative nature and anatomical constraints. The development of adjuvant treatments has altered the balance between oncological aims and surgical risks. We review local recurrence associated with incomplete resection based on different definitions and emphasize the importance of achieving maximal safe resection in all tumor types. Intraoperative techniques that aid surgeons in identifying tumor boundaries are used in practice and in preclinical or clinical research settings. They encompass both conservative and invasive techniques. Among them, morphological tools include imaging modalities such as intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography. Fluorescence-guided surgery, mainly using 5-aminolevulinic acid, enhances gross total resection in glioblastomas. Nuclear methods, including positron emission tomography probes, provide tumor detection based on beta or gamma emission after a radiotracer injection. Mass spectrometry- and spectroscopy-based methods offer molecular insights. The adoption of these techniques depends on their relevance, effectiveness, and feasibility. With the emergence of positron emission tomography imaging for use in recurrence benchmarking, positron emission tomography probes raise particular interest among those tools. While all such tools provide valuable insights, their clinical benefits need further evaluation."
8727,brain tumour,38430930,Celebrating the 30th Anniversary of the European Association of Neuro-Oncology.,No abstract found
8728,brain tumour,38430913,An autologous ex vivo model for exploring patient-specific responses to viro-immunotherapy in glioblastoma.,"Oncolytic virus (OV) clinical trials have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in subsets of patients with glioblastoma (GBM). However, the lack of tools to predict this response hinders the advancement of a more personalized application of OV therapy. In this study, we characterize an ex vivo co-culture system designed to examine the immune response to OV infection of patient-derived GBM neurospheres in the presence of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Co-culture conditions were optimized to retain viability and functionality of both tumor cells and PBMCs, effectively recapitulating the well-recognized immunosuppressive effects of GBM. Following OV infection, we observed elevated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, CXCL9, and CXCL10, and marked changes in immune cell activation markers. Importantly, OV treatment induced unique patient-specific immune responses. In summary, our co-culture platform presents an avenue for personalized screening of viro-immunotherapies in GBM, offering promise as a potential tool for future patient stratification in OV therapy."
8729,brain tumour,38430675,Risk adaptive planning with biology-based constraints may lead to higher tumor control probability in tumors of the canine brain: A planning study.,"Classical radiation protocols are guided by physical dose delivered homogeneously over the target. Protocols are chosen to keep normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) at an acceptable level. Organs at risk (OAR) adjacent to the target volume could lead to underdosage of the tumor and a decrease of tumor control probability (TCP). The intent of our study was to explore a biology-based dose escalation: by keeping NTCP for OAR constant, radiation dose was to be maximized, allowing to result in heterogeneous dose distributions."
8730,brain tumour,38430549,Novel molecular subtypes of intracranial germ cell tumors expand therapeutic opportunities.,"Intracranial germ cell tumors (IGCTs) are a rare group of malignancies that are clinically classified as germinomas and nongerminomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs). Previous studies have found that somatic mutations involving the mitogen-activated protein kinase/mTOR signaling pathway are common early events. However, a comprehensive genomic understanding of IGCTs is still lacking."
8731,brain tumour,38430519,Generation of immunocompetent somatic glioblastoma mouse models through in situ transformation of subventricular zone neural stem cells.,"Disease-relevant in vivo tumor models are essential tools for both discovery and translational research. Here, we describe a highly genetically tractable technique for generating immunocompetent somatic glioblastoma (GBM) mouse models using piggyBac transposition and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing in wild-type mice. We describe steps to deliver plasmids into subventricular zone endogenous neural stem cells by injection and electroporation, leading to the development of adult tumors that closely recapitulate the histopathological, molecular, and cellular features of human GBM. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Garcia-Diaz et al."
8732,brain tumour,38430472,Hypofractionated re-irradiation for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.,"Re-irradiation (reRT) increases survival in locally recurrent diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). There is no standard dose and fractionation for reRT, but conventional fractionation (CF) is typically used. We report our institutional experience of reRT for DIPG, which includes hypofractionation (HF)."
8733,brain tumour,38430420,Prognostic impact of clinical and radiological factors on leptomeningeal metastasis from solid cancers.,"The number of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) patients has increased in recent years, as the cancer survival rates increased. An optimal prediction of prognosis is essential for selecting an appropriate treatment. The European Association of Neuro-Oncology-European Society for Medical Oncology (EANO-ESMO) guidelines for LM proposed a classification based on the cerebrospinal fluid cytological findings and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern. However, few studies have validated the utility of this classification. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic factors of LM, including the radiological and cytological types."
8734,brain tumour,38430419,Effect of sarcopenia and frailty on outcomes among patients with brain metastases.,"Sarcopenia and frailty have been associated with increased mortality and duration of hospitalization in cancer. However, data investigating these effects in patients with brain metastases remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sarcopenia and frailty on clinical outcomes in patients with surgically treated brain metastases."
8735,brain tumour,38430357,Preparation and characterization of Sorafenib nano-emulsion: impact on pharmacokinetics and toxicity; an in vitro and in vivo study.,"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Current treatment strategies include surgical resection, liver transplantation, liver-directed therapy, and systemic therapy. Sorafenib (Sor) is the first systemic drug authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for HCC treatment. Nevertheless, the conventional oral administration of Sor presents several limitations: poor solubility, low bioavailability, drug resistance development, and off-target tissue accumulation, leading to numerous adverse effects. Nano-emulsion, a nano-delivery system, is a viable carrier for poorly water-soluble drugs. It aims to enhance drug bioavailability, target organ accumulation, and reduce off-target tissue exposure, thus improving therapeutic outcomes while minimizing side effects. This study formulated Sor nano-emulsion (Sor NanoEm) using the homogenization technique. The resultant nano-emulsion was characterized by particle size (121.75 ± 12 nm), polydispersity index (PDI; 0.310), zeta potential (-12.33 ± 1.34 mV), viscosity (34,776 ± 3276 CPs), and pH (4.38 ± 0.3). Transmission Electron Microscopy exhibited spherical nano-droplets with no aggregation signs indicating stability. Furthermore, the encapsulation of Sor within the nano-emulsion sustained its release, potentially reducing the frequency of therapeutic doses. Cytotoxicity assessments on the HepG2 cell line revealed that Sor NanoEm had a significantly (P < 0.05) more potent cytotoxic effect compared to Sor suspension. Subsequent tests highlighted superior pharmacokinetic parameters and reduced dosage requirements of Sor NanoEm in mice. It exhibited an enhanced safety profile, particularly in behavior, brain, and liver, compared to its suspended form. These findings underscore the enhanced pharmacological and toxicological attributes of Sor Nano-emulsion, suggesting its potential utility in HCC treatment."
8736,brain tumour,38430319,From pre-clinical to translational brain metastasis research: current challenges and emerging opportunities.,"Brain metastasis, characterized by poor clinical outcomes, is a devastating disease. Despite significant mechanistic and therapeutic advances in recent years, pivotal improvements in clinical interventions have remained elusive. The heterogeneous nature of the primary tumor of origin, complications in drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier, and the distinct microenvironment collectively pose formidable clinical challenges in developing new treatments for patients with brain metastasis. Although current preclinical models have deepened our basic understanding of the disease, much of the existing research on brain metastasis has employed a reductionist approach. This approach, which often relies on either in vitro systems or in vivo injection models in young and treatment-naive mouse models, does not give sufficient consideration to the clinical context. Given the translational importance of brain metastasis research, we advocate for the design of preclinical experimental models that take into account these unique clinical challenges and align more closely with current clinical practices. We anticipate that aligning and simulating real-world patient conditions will facilitate the development of more translatable treatment regimens. This brief review outlines the most pressing clinical challenges, the current state of research in addressing them, and offers perspectives on innovative metastasis models and tools aimed at identifying novel strategies for more effective management of clinical brain metastasis."
8737,brain tumour,38430312,The role of endoscopic endonasal salvage surgery in recurrent or residual craniopharyngioma after a transcranial approach: a systematic review.,"The management of craniopharyngiomas is challenging due to their high rate of recurrence following resection. Excision of recurrent tumors poses further surgical challenges due to loss of arachnoidal planes and adherence to anatomical structures. The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) offers a favorable alternative to transcranial approaches for primary craniopharyngiomas. However, the safety and efficacy of EEA for recurrent tumors, specifically after a prior transcranial approach, needs further investigation."
8738,brain tumour,38430231,Glycitein prevents reserpine-induced depression and associated comorbidities in mice: modulation of lipid peroxidation and TNF-α levels.,"Depression is a debilitating mood disorder affecting millions worldwide and continues to pose a significant global health burden. Due to the multifaceted nature of depression, the current treatment regimens are not up to mark in terms of their multitargeting potential and least side effect profile. Molecules within the isoflavone class demonstrate promising potential in alleviating depression and associated conditions, offering a multifaceted approach to manage mental health concerns. Therefore, the current study was designed to explore the potential of glycitein, an isoflavone in managing reserpine-induced depression and associated comorbidities in mice. Reserpine (0.5 mg/kg; i.p.) administration for the first 3 days induced depression and associated comorbidities as evidenced by increased immobility time in forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), along with reduced locomotor activity in the open field test (OFT) and increased latency to reach the platform in the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Reserpine treatment also upregulated and downregulated the brain thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH) levels, respectively. Furthermore, reserpine administration also uplifted the level of TNF-α in the serum samples. Glycitein (3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg; p.o.) treatment for 5 days prevented the depressive effect of reserpine. It also improved the spatial memory at both dose levels. Moreover, in biochemical analysis, glycitein also reduced the brain TBARS and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. Whereas, no significant effect was seen on the brain GSH level. Glycitein (6 mg/kg) was found to be more effective than the 3 mg/kg dose of glycitein. Overall results delineate that glycitein has the potential to manage depression and impaired memory by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and inflammatory stress."
8739,brain tumour,38430220,ITF2357 regulates NF-κB signaling pathway to protect barrier integrity in retinal pigment epithelial cells.,"The robust integrity of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which contributes to the outer brain retina barrier (oBRB), is compromised in several retinal degenerative and vascular disorders, including diabetic macular edema (DME). This study evaluates the role of a new generation of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), ITF2357, in regulating outer blood-retinal barrier function and investigates the underlying mechanism of action in inhibiting TNFα-induced damage to RPE integrity. Using the immortalized RPE cell line (ARPE-19), ITF2357 was found to be non-toxic between 50 nM and 5 μM concentrations. When applied as a pre-treatment in conjunction with an inflammatory cytokine, TNFα, the HDACi was safe and effective in preventing epithelial permeability by fortifying tight junction (ZO-1, -2, -3, occludin, claudin-1, -2, -3, -5, -19) and adherens junction (E-cadherin, Nectin-1) protein expression post-TNFα stress. Mechanistically, ITF2357 depicted a late action at 24 h via attenuating IKK, IκBα, and p65 phosphorylation and ameliorated the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1. Also, ITF2357 delayed IκBα synthesis and turnover. The use of Bay 11-7082 and MG132 further uncovered a possible role for ITF2357 in non-canonical NF-κB activation. Overall, this study revealed the protection effects of ITF2357 by regulating the turnover of tight and adherens junction proteins and modulating NF-κB signaling pathway in the presence of an inflammatory stressor, making it a potential therapeutic application for retinal vascular diseases such as DME with compromised outer blood-retinal barrier."
8740,brain tumour,38430164,Examining the Impact of Phased Nursing within the Chronic Disease Trajectory Model on Glioma Patient Outcomes.,"Glioma ‎(GL)‎, a primary brain tumor, presents significant challenges in patient care due to its complex disease trajectory and psychological impact. Phased nursing interventions, grounded in the Chronic Illness Trajectory Model (CITM), offer a holistic approach to addressing these multifaceted needs."
8741,brain tumour,38430007,Hemorrhage from metastatic brain epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: A case report.,"In this report, we describe a very rare case of metastatic epithelioid hemangio-endothelioma (EHE) originating from other organs such as the lung and requiring craniotomy due to subsequent hemorrhage. A 50-year-old man was diagnosed with EHE in the bilateral lungs, the mediastinum, and the right adrenal gland 8 years earlier. One year earlier, he had developed spinal metastasis. Six months earlier, a screening brain MRI had revealed multiple brain metastases of tumor. He developed subcortical hemorrhage from the tumor in the right parietal lobe and successfully underwent removal of hematoma and tumor. Histopathological examinations revealed EHE. Metastatic EHE is very rare but may be at high risk of intracranial hemorrhage. It is quite important to consider the possibility of brain metastasis and subsequent bleeding when treating patients with EHE."
8742,brain tumour,38429843,Deep learning-based metastasis detection in patients with lung cancer to enhance reproducibility and reduce workload in brain metastasis screening with MRI: a multi-center study.,To assess whether a deep learning-based system (DLS) with black-blood imaging for brain metastasis (BM) improves the diagnostic workflow in a multi-center setting.
8743,brain tumour,38429759,Epigenetic remodeling to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in human glioblastoma: pre-clinical evidence for development of new immunotherapy approaches.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary brain tumor, that is refractory to standard treatment and to immunotherapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Noteworthy, melanoma brain metastases (MM-BM), that share the same niche as GBM, frequently respond to current ICI therapies. Epigenetic modifications regulate GBM cellular proliferation, invasion, and prognosis and may negatively regulate the cross-talk between malignant cells and immune cells in the tumor milieu, likely contributing to limit the efficacy of ICI therapy of GBM. Thus, manipulating the tumor epigenome can be considered a therapeutic opportunity in GBM."
8744,brain tumour,38429416,Improving long-term outcomes in pediatric low-grade glioma.,No abstract found
8745,brain tumour,38429413,Temporal changes in treatment and late mortality and morbidity in adult survivors of childhood glioma: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.,"Pediatric glioma therapy has evolved to delay or eliminate radiation for low-grade tumors. This study examined these temporal changes in therapy with long-term outcomes in adult survivors of childhood glioma. Among 2,501 5-year survivors of glioma in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study diagnosed 1970-1999, exposure to radiation decreased over time. Survivors from more recent eras were at lower risk of late mortality (≥5 years from diagnosis), severe/disabling/life-threatening chronic health conditions (CHCs) and subsequent neoplasms (SNs). Adjusting for treatment exposure (surgery only, chemotherapy, or any cranial radiation) attenuated this risk (for example, CHCs (1990s versus 1970s), relative risk (95% confidence interval), 0.63 (0.49-0.80) without adjustment versus 0.93 (0.72-1.20) with adjustment). Compared to surgery alone, radiation was associated with greater than four times the risk of late mortality, CHCs and SNs. Evolving therapy, particularly avoidance of cranial radiation, has improved late outcomes for childhood glioma survivors without increased risk for late recurrence."
8746,brain tumour,38429384,Exploring surgical approaches: endonasal versus trans-septal endoscopic surgery for pituitary adenomas.,No abstract found
8747,brain tumour,38429367,Single-cell atlas reveals the immunosuppressive microenvironment and Treg cells landscapes in recurrent Glioblastoma.,"Patients diagnosed with glioblastoma (GBM) have the most aggressive tumor progression and lethal recurrence. Research on the immune microenvironment landscape of tumor and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is limited. At the single-cell level, we aim to reveal the recurrent immune microenvironment of GBM and the potential CSF biomarkers and compare tumor locations. We collected four clinical samples from two patients: malignant samples from one recurrent GBM patient and non-malignant samples from a patient with brain tumor. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to reveal the immune landscape of recurrent GBM and CSF. T cells were enriched in the malignant tumors, while Treg cells were predominately found in malignant CSF, which indicated an inhibitory microenvironment in recurrent GBM. Moreover, macrophages and neutrophils were significantly enriched in malignant CSF. This indicates that they an important role in GBM progression. S100A9, extensively expressed in malignant CSF, is a promising biomarker for GBM diagnosis and recurrence. Our study reveals GBM's recurrent immune microenvironment after chemoradiotherapy and compares malignant and non-malignant CSF samples. We provide novel targets and confirm the promise of liquid CSF biopsy for patients with GBM."
8748,brain tumour,38429268,OTUD4 promotes the progression of glioblastoma by deubiquitinating CDK1 and activating MAPK signaling pathway.,"Glioblastoma, IDH-Wild type (GBM, CNS WHO Grade 4) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor with high morbidity, high mortality, and poor patient prognosis. The global burden of GBM is increasing notably due to limited treatment options, drug delivery problems, and the lack of characteristic molecular targets. OTU deubiquitinase 4 (OTUD4) is a potential predictive factor for several cancers such as breast cancer, liver cancer, and lung cancer. However, its function in GBM remains unknown. In this study, we found that high expression of OTUD4 is positively associated with poor prognosis in GBM patients. Moreover, we provided in vitro and in vivo evidence that OTUD4 promotes the proliferation and invasion of GBM cells. Mechanism studies showed that, on the one hand, OTUD4 directly interacts with cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and stabilizes CDK1 by removing its K11, K29, and K33-linked polyubiquitination. On the other hand, OTUD4 binds to fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and reduces FGFR1's K6 and K27-linked polyubiquitination, thereby indirectly stabilizing CDK1, ultimately influencing the activation of the downstream MAPK signaling pathway. Collectively, our results revealed that OTUD4 promotes GBM progression via OTUD4-CDK1-MAPK axis, and may be a prospective therapeutic target for GBM treatment."
8749,brain tumour,38428891,Brain metastasis in a patient with BRCA2-mutated treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate carcinoma and long-term response to radiotherapy and Olaparib: A case report and literature review.,"A new subtype of prostate cancer called treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate carcinoma (t-NEPC) was added to the revised World Health Organization classification of prostate cancer in 2022. t-NEPC cases are increasing, and there is no established standard treatment."
8750,brain tumour,38428812,Usefulness of Opening the Diaphragma Sellae Before Transecting Interclinoidal Ligament for Endoscopic Endonasal Transoculomotor Triangle Approach: Technical Nuances and Surgical Outcomes.,Opening the oculomotor triangle (OT) and removing the posterior fossa lesion by endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) is challenging for even an experienced endoscopic neurosurgeon. We summarize the treatment experience and technical nuances with EEA for resection of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors and cavernous sinus (CS) meningiomas invading through the OT.
8751,brain tumour,38428648,Lipopolysaccharide-producing Veillonella infantium and Escherichia fergusonii cause vagus nerve-mediated cognitive impairment in mice.,"Gut microbiota communicates bidirectionally with the brain through the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems of the gut. In our preliminary study, the fecal microbiota of volunteers with mild cognitive impairment (Fmci) exhibited a higher abundance of Escherichia fergusonii (NK2001), Veillonella infantium (NK2002), and Enterococcus faecium (NK2003) populations compared with those of healthy volunteers. Therefore, we examined the effects of Fmci, NK2001 (gram-negative), NK2002 (gram-negative-like), and NK2003 (gram-positive) on cognitive impairment-like behavior, neuroinflammation, and colitis in mice with or without antibiotics. Fmci transplantation increased cognitive impairment-like behavior, hippocampal tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression, and the size of toll-like receptor (TLR)4"
8752,brain tumour,38428646,Synergistic effects of citicoline and silymarin nanomicelles in restraint stress-exposed mice.,This study evaluated the effects of citicoline and silymarin nanomicelles (SMnm) in repeated restraint stress (RRS).
8753,brain tumour,38428640,Impact of electronic patient-reported outcome measures on patients' perception of the physician - the randomized ePREFERENCE study.,"Electronic Patient-reported outcome measures (ePROMs) are increasingly used in radiotherapy departments. However, the impact of ePROM integration on patients' perceptions of healthcare providers, particularly in terms of empathy and professionalism, remains unclear. Thus, this study aims to assess the patients' views on healthcare professionals during ePROM-based consultations."
8754,brain tumour,38428464,Bioactive C-phycocyanin exerts immunomodulatory and antitumor activity in mice with induced melanoma.,"Melanoma is the most aggressive and deadly skin cancer. The difficulty in its treatment arises from its ability to suppress the immune system, making it crucial to find a substance that increases anti-tumor immunity. C-phycocyanin (C-PC) appears as a promising bioactive, with multifaceted effects against several cancers, but its efficacy against melanoma has only been tested in vitro. Therefore, we investigated C-PC's the anti-tumor and immunomodulatory action in a murine melanoma model. The tumor was subcutaneously induced in C57BL/6 mice by injecting B16F10 cells. The animals were injected subcutaneously with C-PC for three consecutive days. After euthanasia, the tumor was weighed and measured. The inguinal lymph node was removed, and the cells were stained with antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. The heart, brain and lung were analyzed by histopathology. C-PC increased the B cell population of the inguinal lymph node in percentage and absolute number. The absolute number of T lymphocytes and myeloid cells were also increased in the groups treated with C-PC. Thus, C-PC showed a positive immunomodulatory effect both animals with and without tumor. However, this effect was more pronounced in the presence of the tumor. Positive immune system modulation may be associated with a reduction in tumor growth in animals treated with C-PC. Administration of C-PC subcutaneously did not cause organ damage. Our findings demonstrate C-PC's immunomodulatory and anti-melanoma action, paving the way for clinical research with this bioactive."
8755,brain tumour,38428272,Expectation maximisation pseudo labels.,"In this paper, we study pseudo-labelling. Pseudo-labelling employs raw inferences on unlabelled data as pseudo-labels for self-training. We elucidate the empirical successes of pseudo-labelling by establishing a link between this technique and the Expectation Maximisation algorithm. Through this, we realise that the original pseudo-labelling serves as an empirical estimation of its more comprehensive underlying formulation. Following this insight, we present a full generalisation of pseudo-labels under Bayes' theorem, termed Bayesian Pseudo Labels. Subsequently, we introduce a variational approach to generate these Bayesian Pseudo Labels, involving the learning of a threshold to automatically select high-quality pseudo labels. In the remainder of the paper, we showcase the applications of pseudo-labelling and its generalised form, Bayesian Pseudo-Labelling, in the semi-supervised segmentation of medical images. Specifically, we focus on: (1) 3D binary segmentation of lung vessels from CT volumes; (2) 2D multi-class segmentation of brain tumours from MRI volumes; (3) 3D binary segmentation of whole brain tumours from MRI volumes; and (4) 3D binary segmentation of prostate from MRI volumes. We further demonstrate that pseudo-labels can enhance the robustness of the learned representations. The code is released in the following GitHub repository: https://github.com/moucheng2017/EMSSL."
8756,brain tumour,38427776,A radiotherapy community data-driven approach to determine which complexity metrics best predict the impact of atypical TPS beam modeling on clinical dose calculation accuracy.,"To quantify the impact of treatment planning system beam model parameters, based on the actual spread in radiotherapy community data, on clinical treatment plans and determine which complexity metrics best describe the impact beam modeling errors have on dose accuracy."
8757,brain tumour,38427506,Auditory brainstem implants for hearing rehabilitation in NF2-schwannomatosis: A systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis.,NF2-schwannomatosis (NF2) is an autosomal dominant disorder prone to hearing loss. Auditory brainstem implants (ABIs) offer a promising solution for hearing rehabilitation in NF2.
8758,brain tumour,38427238,Role of Serotonergic System in Regulating Brain Tumor-Associated Neuroinflammatory Responses.,"Serotonin signaling regulates wide arrays of both neural and extra-neural functions. Serotonin is also found to affect cancer progression directly as well as indirectly by modulating the immune cells. In the brain, serotonin plays a key role in regulating various functions; disturbance of the normal activities of serotonin leads to various mental illnesses, including the neuroinflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS). The neuroinflammatory response can be initiated in various psychological illnesses and brain cancer. Serotonergic signaling can impact the functions of both glial as well as the immune cells. It can also affect the tumor immune microenvironment and the inflammatory response associated with brain cancers. Apart from this, many drugs used for treatment of psychological illness are known to modulate serotonergic system and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Understanding the role of serotonergic pathways in regulating neuroinflammatory response and brain cancer will provide a new paradigm in modulating the serotonergic components in treating brain cancer and associated inflammation-induced brain damages."
8759,brain tumour,38427133,CPLX2 is a novel tumor suppressor and improves the prognosis in glioma.,"Glioma is a type of malignant cancer that affect the central nervous system. New predictive biomarkers have been investigated in recent years, but the clinical prognosis for glioma remains poor. The function of CPLX2 in glioma and the probable molecular mechanism of tumor suppression were the focus of this investigation."
8760,brain tumour,38427132,"Midline invasion predicts poor prognosis in diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant: an individual participant data review.","Diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant (DHGs), is a newly categorized tumor in pediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas, World Health Organization grade 4, with a poor prognosis. Although prognostic factors associated with genetic abnormalities have been reported, few reports have examined the clinical presentation of DHGs, especially from the viewpoint of imaging findings. In this study, we investigated the relationship between clinical factors, including imaging findings, and prognosis in patients with DHGs."
8761,brain tumour,38427131,Virtual multi-institutional tumor board: a strategy for personalized diagnoses and management of rare CNS tumors.,"Multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTBs) integrate clinical, molecular, and radiological information and facilitate coordination of neuro-oncology care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, our MTB transitioned to a virtual and multi-institutional format. We hypothesized that this expansion would allow expert review of challenging neuro-oncology cases and contribute to the care of patients with limited access to specialized centers."
8762,brain tumour,38426930,A systematic review on deep learning-based automated cancer diagnosis models.,"Deep learning is gaining importance due to its wide range of applications. Many researchers have utilized deep learning (DL) models for the automated diagnosis of cancer patients. This paper provides a systematic review of DL models for automated diagnosis of cancer patients. Initially, various DL models for cancer diagnosis are presented. Five major categories of cancers such as breast, lung, liver, brain and cervical cancer are considered. As these categories of cancers have a very high percentage of occurrences with high mortality rate. The comparative analysis of different types of DL models is drawn for the diagnosis of cancer at early stages by considering the latest research articles from 2016 to 2022. After comprehensive comparative analysis, it is found that most of the researchers achieved appreciable accuracy with implementation of the convolutional neural network model. These utilized the pretrained models for automated diagnosis of cancer patients. Various shortcomings with the existing DL-based automated cancer diagnosis models are also been presented. Finally, future directions are discussed to facilitate further research for automated diagnosis of cancer patients."
8763,brain tumour,38426625,Reclassified the phenotypes of cancer types and construct a nomogram for predicting bone metastasis risk: A pan-cancer analysis.,"Numerous of models have been developed to predict the bone metastasis (BM) risk; however, due to the variety of cancer types, it is difficult for clinicians to use these models efficiently. We aimed to perform the pan-cancer analysis to create the cancer classification system for BM, and construct the nomogram for predicting the BM risk."
8764,brain tumour,38426438,A Biodegradable Nanosuspension Locally Used for Inhibiting Postoperative Recurrence and Brain Metastasis of Breast Cancer.,"Addressing the urgent need to prevent breast cancer postoperative recurrence and brain metastasis, Fe-metal organic framework (MOF)-coated hollow mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (HMON) with tumor microenvironment dual-responsive degradability were prepared to encapsulate doxorubicin (DOX), formulating a tissue-adhesive nanosuspension for perioperative topical medication. This nanosuspension can not only retain the sustainably released drug in the postoperative residual tumor sites but also enhance the intracellular oxidative stress of tumors for remarkable tumor ferroptosis. Interestingly, the nanosuspension can act as an immune amplifier, which could not only stimulate DC cells to secrete chemokines for T cell recruitment but also elevate antigen exposure to facilitate the antigen presentation in lymph nodes. Thus, this nanosuspension could significantly activate antitumor immune responses in both in situ tumors and metastatic encephaloma for enhanced immunotherapy. In conjunction with the clinical PD-1 antibody, the locally administered nanosuspension could achieve an advanced therapeutic outcome for inhibiting postoperative recurrence and metastasis."
8765,brain tumour,38426391,Investigation of the risk factors in the development of radionecrosis in patients with brain metastases undergoing stereotactic radiotherapy.,"To investigate the incidence, timing, and the factors predictors radionecrosis (RN) development in brain metastases (BMs) undergoing stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT)."
8766,brain tumour,38426321,Elevated incidence of somatic mutations at prevalent genetic sites.,"The common loci represent a distinct set of the human genome sites that harbor genetic variants found in at least 1% of the population. Small somatic mutations occur at the common loci and non-common loci, i.e. csmVariants and ncsmVariants, are presumed with similar probabilities. However, our work revealed that within the coding region, common loci constituted only 1.03% of all loci, yet they accounted for 5.14% of TCGA somatic mutations. Furthermore, the small somatic mutation incidence rate at these common loci was 2.7 times that observed in the non-common. Notably, the csmVariants exhibited an impressive recurrent rate of 36.14%, which was 2.59 times of the ncsmVariants. The C-to-T transition at the CpG sites accounted for 32.41% of the csmVariants, which was 2.93 times for the ncsmVariants. Interestingly, the aging-related mutational signature contributed to 13.87% of the csmVariants, 5.5 times that of ncsmVariants. Moreover, 35.93% of the csmVariants contexts exhibited palindromic features, outperforming ncsmVariant contexts by 1.84 times. Notably, cancer patients with higher csmVariants rates had better progression-free survival. Furthermore, cancer patients with high-frequency csmVariants enriched with mismatch repair deficiency were also associated with better progression-free survival. The accumulation of csmVariants during cancerogenesis is a complex process influenced by various factors. These include the presence of a substantial percentage of palindromic sequences at csmVariants sites, the impact of aging and DNA mismatch repair deficiency. Together, these factors contribute to the higher somatic mutation incidence rates of common loci and the overall accumulation of csmVariants in cancer development."
8767,brain tumour,38425710,"Maternal pre-pregnancy and prenatal penicillin, neonatal inflammation and growth factors are associated to ADHD in the offspring.","The etiology for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is generally unknown, but both genetics, biology and environment have been shown to increase the risk. The purpose of this study was to explore the prenatal risk factors, especially maternal antibiotics consumed before and during pregnancy, for the offspring for later being diagnosed with ADHD, and to find associations with neonatal biomarkers."
8768,brain tumour,38425673,"Object-oriented hand dexterity and grasping abilities, from the animal quarters to the neurosurgical OR: a systematic review of the underlying neural correlates in non-human, human primate and recent findings in awake brain surgery.","The sensorimotor integrations subserving object-oriented manipulative actions have been extensively investigated in non-human primates via direct approaches, as intracortical micro-stimulation (ICMS), cytoarchitectonic analysis and anatomical tracers. However, the understanding of the mechanisms underlying complex motor behaviors is yet to be fully integrated in brain mapping paradigms and the consistency of these findings with intraoperative data obtained during awake neurosurgical procedures for brain tumor removal is still largely unexplored. Accordingly, there is a paucity of systematic studies reviewing the cross-species analogies in neural activities during object-oriented hand motor tasks in primates and investigating the concordance with intraoperative findings during brain mapping. The current systematic review was designed to summarize the cortical and subcortical neural correlates of object-oriented fine hand actions, as revealed by fMRI and PET studies, in non-human and human primates and how those were translated into neurosurgical studies testing dexterous hand-movements during intraoperative brain mapping."
8769,brain tumour,38425276,Mesenchymal stem cells reduce long-term cognitive deficits and attenuate myelin disintegration and microglia activation following repetitive traumatic brain injury.,"The underlying mechanisms for the beneficial effects exerted by bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in treating repetitive traumatic brain injury (rTBI)-induced long-term sensorimotor/cognitive impairments are not fully elucidated. Herein, we aimed to explore whether BM-MSCs therapy protects against rTBI-induced long-term neurobehavioral disorders in rats via normalizing white matter integrity and gray matter microglial response. Rats were subjected to repeated mild lateral fluid percussion on day 0 and day 3. On the fourth day post-surgery, MSCs groups received MSCs (4 × 10"
8770,brain tumour,38425121,A Promising Breakthrough: The Potential of VORASIDENIB in the Treatment of Low-grade Glioma.,"Gliomas are common malignant brain tumors characterized by diffuse brain infiltration. World Health Organization grade II and grade III diffuse gliomas are considered lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) and have isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations. LGGs are challenging due to their infiltrative nature, making them capable of progressing into higher-grade malignancies. Vorasidenib is a novel therapeutic agent targeting mutant IDH1/2, sparking interest in the field."
8771,brain tumour,38424654,Postoperative epidural hematoma as a rare complication after intracranial tumor resection: a case series report and causes analysis.,To review the treatment and the causes of postoperative epidural hematoma (PEDH) after intracranial tumor resection.
8772,brain tumour,38424486,Application of remimazolam-0.6% sevoflurane anesthesia for flash visual evoked potential monitoring during pituitary adenoma resection: a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial.,"Flash visual evoked potential (FVEP) is a critical method for monitoring intraoperative visual function during neurosurgery. A new benzodiazepine drug called remimazolam has recently been used for general anesthesia. However, the impact of remimazolam on FVEP remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate how remimazolam, in comparison to propofol, when combined with 0.6% sevoflurane anesthesia, affects the FVEP waveform during pituitary adenoma resection."
8773,brain tumour,38424388,Cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas in patients with PTEN-related hamartoma tumor syndrome.,"Central nervous system (CNS) dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVF) have been reported in PTEN-related hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). However, PHTS-associated DAVF remain an underexplored field of the PHTS clinical landscape. Here, we studied cases with a PTEN pathogenic variant identified between 2007 and 2020 in our laboratory (n = 58), and for whom brain imaging was available. Two patients had DAVF (2/58, 3.4%), both presenting at advanced stages: a 34-year-old man with a left lateral sinus DAVF at immediate risk of hemorrhage, and a 21-year-old woman with acute intracranial hypertension due to a torcular DAVF. Interestingly, not all patients had 3D TOF/MRA, the optimal sequences to detect DAVF. Early diagnosis of DAVF can be lifesaving, and is easier to treat compared to developed, proliferative, or complex lesions. As a result, one should consider brain MRI with 3D TOF/MRA in PHTS patients at genetic diagnosis, with subsequent surveillance on a case-by-case basis."
8774,brain tumour,38424338,The diagnostic efficiency of integration of 2HG MRS and IVIM versus individual parameters for predicting IDH mutation status in gliomas in clinical scenarios: A retrospective study.,"Currently, there remains a scarcity of established preoperative tests to accurately predict the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status in clinical scenarios, with limited research has explored the potential synergistic diagnostic performance among metabolite, perfusion, and diffusion parameters. To address this issue, we aimed to develop an imaging protocol that integrated 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) by comprehensively assessing metabolic, cellular, and angiogenic changes caused by IDH mutations, and explored the diagnostic efficiency of this imaging protocol for predicting IDH mutation status in clinical scenarios."
8775,brain tumour,38424164,Ranolazine: a potential anti-metastatic drug targeting voltage-gated sodium channels.,"Multi-faceted evidence from a range of cancers suggests strongly that de novo expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) plays a significant role in driving cancer cell invasiveness. Under hypoxic conditions, common to growing tumours, VGSCs develop a persistent current (I"
8776,brain tumour,38424097,Brain tumor segmentation using synthetic MR images - A comparison of GANs and diffusion models.,"Large annotated datasets are required for training deep learning models, but in medical imaging data sharing is often complicated due to ethics, anonymization and data protection legislation. Generative AI models, such as generative adversarial networks (GANs) and diffusion models, can today produce very realistic synthetic images, and can potentially facilitate data sharing. However, in order to share synthetic medical images it must first be demonstrated that they can be used for training different networks with acceptable performance. Here, we therefore comprehensively evaluate four GANs (progressive GAN, StyleGAN 1-3) and a diffusion model for the task of brain tumor segmentation (using two segmentation networks, U-Net and a Swin transformer). Our results show that segmentation networks trained on synthetic images reach Dice scores that are 80%-90% of Dice scores when training with real images, but that memorization of the training images can be a problem for diffusion models if the original dataset is too small. Our conclusion is that sharing synthetic medical images is a viable option to sharing real images, but that further work is required. The trained generative models and the generated synthetic images are shared on AIDA data hub."
8777,brain tumour,38424079,A large open access dataset of brain metastasis 3D segmentations on MRI with clinical and imaging information.,"Resection and whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) are standard treatments for brain metastases (BM) but are associated with cognitive side effects. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) uses a targeted approach with less side effects than WBRT. SRS requires precise identification and delineation of BM. While artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have been developed for this, their clinical adoption is limited due to poor model performance in the clinical setting. The limitations of algorithms are often due to the quality of datasets used for training the AI network. The purpose of this study was to create a large, heterogenous, annotated BM dataset for training and validation of AI models. We present a BM dataset of 200 patients with pretreatment T1, T1 post-contrast, T2, and FLAIR MR images. The dataset includes contrast-enhancing and necrotic 3D segmentations on T1 post-contrast and peritumoral edema 3D segmentations on FLAIR. Our dataset contains 975 contrast-enhancing lesions, many of which are sub centimeter, along with clinical and imaging information. We used a streamlined approach to database-building through a PACS-integrated segmentation workflow."
8778,brain tumour,38423596,"PRIM2: A Marker of MYC-driven Hyper-proliferation, Disease Progression, Tumor Aggressiveness and Poor Survival in Glioma Patients.","Gliomas are the most prevalent brain tumors with metabolic alterations playing a pivotal role in disease progression. However, the precise coordination of metabolic alterations with tumor-promoting cellular mechanisms, leading to tumor initiation, progression, and aggressiveness, resulting in poor outcomes, remains poorly understood in gliomas."
8779,brain tumour,38423408,Neuroprotective effects of Shenghui decoction via inhibition of the JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway in an AlCl,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multi-factorial degenerative disease, and multi-targeted therapies targeting multiple pathogenic mechanisms should be explored. Shenghui decoction (SHD) is an ancient traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula used clinically to alleviate AD. However, the precise mechanism of action of SHD as a therapeutic agent for AD remains unclear."
8780,brain tumour,38423389,Early prediction of endocrine responsiveness in ER+/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC): pilot study with ,
8781,brain tumour,38423245,Clinicopathological and molecular landscape of 5-year IDH-wild-type glioblastoma survivors: A multicentric retrospective study.,"Five-year glioblastoma (GBM) survivors (LTS) are the minority of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild-type GBM patients, and their molecular fingerprint is still largely unexplored. This multicenter retrospective study analyzed a large LTS-GBM cohort from nine Italian institutions and molecularly characterized a subgroup of patients by mutation, DNA methylation (DNAm) and copy number variation (CNV) profiling, comparing it to standard survival GBM. Mutation scan allowed the identification of pathogenic variants in most cases, showing a similar mutational spectrum in both groups, and highlighted TP53 as the most commonly mutated gene in the LTS group. We confirmed DNAm as a valuable tool for GBM classification with a diagnostic refinement by using brain tumor classifier v12.5. LTS were more heterogeneous with more cases classified as diffuse pediatric high-grade glioma subtypes and having peculiar CNVs. We observed a global higher methylation in CpG islands and in gene promoters of LTS with methylation levels of distinct gene promoters correlating with prognosis."
8782,brain tumour,38423212,"Intracerebroventricular administration of TRH Agonist, RX-77368 alleviates visceral pain induced by colorectal distension in rats.","Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) acts centrally to exert pleiotropic actions independently from its endocrine function, including antinociceptive effects against somatic pain in rodents. Whether exogenous or endogenous activation of TRH signaling in the brain modulates visceral pain is unknown. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received an intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of the stable TRH analog, RX-77368 (10, 30 and 100 ng/rat) or saline (5 µl) or were semi-restrained and exposed to cold (4°C) for 45 min. The visceromotor response (VMR) to graded phasic colorectal distensions (CRD) was monitored using non-invasive intracolonic pressure manometry. Naloxone (1 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously 10 min before ICV RX-77368 or saline. Fecal pellet output was monitored for 1 h after ICV injection. RX-77368 ICV (10, 30 and 100 ng/rat) reduced significantly the VMR by 56.7%, 67.1% and 81.1% at 40 mmHg and by 30.3%, 58.9% and 87.4% at 60 mmHg respectively vs ICV saline. Naloxone reduced RX-77368 (30 and 100 ng, ICV) analgesic response by 51% and 28% at 40 mmHg and by 30% and 33% at 60 mmHg respectively, but had no effect per se. The visceral analgesia was mimicked by the acute exposure to cold. At the doses of 30 and 100 ng, ICV RX-77368 induced defecation within 30 min. These data established the antinociceptive action of RX-77368 injected ICV in a model of visceral pain induced by colonic distension through recruitment of both opioid and non-opioid dependent mechanisms."
8783,brain tumour,38423172,Exploring the multifaceted effects of Interleukin-1 in lung cancer: From tumor development to immune modulation.,"Lung cancer, acknowledged as one of the most fatal cancers globally, faces limited treatment options on an international scale. The success of clinical treatment is impeded by challenges such as late diagnosis, restricted treatment alternatives, relapse, and the emergence of drug resistance. This predicament has led to a saturation point in lung cancer treatment, prompting a rapid shift in focus towards the tumor microenvironment (TME) as a pivotal area in cancer research. Within the TME, Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is abundantly present, originating from immune cells, tissue stromal cells, and tumor cells. IL-1's induction of pro-inflammatory mediators and chemokines establishes an inflammatory milieu influencing tumor occurrence, development, and the interaction between tumors and the host immune system. Notably, IL-1 expression in the TME exhibits characteristics such as staging, tissue specificity, and functional pluripotency. This comprehensive review aims to delve into the impact of IL-1 on lung cancer, encompassing aspects of occurrence, invasion, metastasis, immunosuppression, and immune surveillance. The ultimate goal is to propose a novel treatment approach, considering the intricate dynamics of IL-1 within the TME."
8784,brain tumour,38423052,"Deep-learning-based reconstruction of undersampled MRI to reduce scan times: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study.","The extended acquisition times required for MRI limit its availability in resource-constrained settings. Consequently, accelerating MRI by undersampling k-space data, which is necessary to reconstruct an image, has been a long-standing but important challenge. We aimed to develop a deep convolutional neural network (dCNN) optimisation method for MRI reconstruction and to reduce scan times and evaluate its effect on image quality and accuracy of oncological imaging biomarkers."
8785,brain tumour,38422744,Brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma: Effects of novel systemic agents on brain metastasis outcomes.,The objective of this study was to examine survival outcomes in 136 patients with renal cell carcinoma with metastases to the brain who were treated with radiation combined with immunotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitor compared to those who were treated with radiation therapy alone.
8786,brain tumour,38422743,Minimizing pneumocephalus during deep brain stimulation surgery.,Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery is an effective treatment for movement disorders. Introduction of intracranial air following dura opening in DBS surgery can result in targeting inaccuracy and suboptimal outcomes. We develop and evaluate a simple method to minimize pneumocephalus during DBS surgery.
8787,brain tumour,38422610,"Clinical, qualitative imaging biomarkers, and tumor oxygenation imaging biomarkers for differentiation of midline-located IDH wild-type glioblastomas and H3 K27-altered diffuse midline gliomas in adults.","To compare the clinical, qualitative and quantitative imaging phenotypes, including tumor oxygenation characteristics of midline-located IDH-wildtype glioblastomas (GBMs) and H3 K27-altered diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) in adults."
8788,brain tumour,32310586,Trigeminal Neuropathy,"Trigeminal neuropathy refers to dysfunction in sensory or motor functions involving cranial nerve V, the trigeminal nerve. Trigeminal neuropathy (TNO) typically presents with numbness in the region innervated by the trigeminal nerve, sometimes associated with paresthesias, pain, or masticatory weakness. TNO can present from the involvement of the fifth cranial nerve (CN V) anywhere in its course, from the nuclei in the brain stem to its peripheral branches. It can be caused by known etiologies such as traumas, tumors, rheumatologic diseases, demyelinating, or idiopathic ones. Sometimes, TNO can be the initial manifestation of an underlying tumor or a relapse from a known neoplastic process. Multiple sclerosis, glioma, and infarct are the most commonly reported abnormalities in the brain stem that cause trigeminal neuropathy. Neurovascular compression, schwannomas, and meningiomas are common cisternal causes. Unilateral TNO could be secondary to focal lesions, while bilateral, symmetric presentations can be seen with connective tissue diseases or idiopathic etiology. TNO can cause facial pain in the distribution of one or more trigeminal nerve branches. The pain in trigeminal neuropathy is usually continuous, described as burning or squeezing, and is often accompanied by allodynia and cold hyperalgesia. While the symptoms of TNO can be concerning, it is most important to rule out potentially harmful underlying conditions such as malignancy, vascular malformation, and autoimmune diseases.  Trigeminal neuralgia should not be confused with trigeminal neuropathy. Trigeminal neuralgia is a paroxysmal, electric shock-like pain that is abrupt in onset and termination, without sensory loss or motor weakness. Classic trigeminal neuralgia can be due to neurovascular compression of CN V. Secondary trigeminal neuralgia is caused by various conditions like multiple sclerosis, vascular malformation, or autoimmune disease. "
8789,brain tumour,26389401,Childhood Medulloblastoma and Other Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version,"This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of childhood medulloblastoma and other central nervous system embryonal tumors. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care. Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary (""Date Last Modified"") is the date of the most recent change. The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board."
8790,brain tumour,38422543,Sliding transformer with uncertainty estimation for vestibular schwannoma automatic segmentation.,
8791,brain tumour,38422369,Long non-coding RNA KB-1460A1.5 promotes ferroptosis by inhibiting mTOR/SREBP-1/SCD1-mediated polyunsaturated fatty acid desaturation in glioma.,"Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death caused by the iron-dependent peroxidation of phospholipids and is related to cell metabolism, redox homeostasis and various signalling pathways related to cancer. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) KB-1460A1.5 acts as a tumour suppressor gene to regulate tumour growth in gliomas, but its molecular network regulatory mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we found that KB-1460A1.5 can induce ferroptosis in glioma and enhance sensitivity to RSL3, a ferroptosis inducer. Tandem mass tag proteomics and nontargeted metabolomics suggest that KB-1460A1.5 affects polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolic processes. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based medium- and long-chain fatty acid-targeted metabolomics confirmed that upregulation of KB-1460A1.5 decreased the levels of monounsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid (OA) and palmitoleic acid (PO) in glioma cells. The addition of OA and PO restored KB-1460A1.5-induced cellular ferroptosis. Molecularly, KB-1460A1.5 inhibited the mammalian target of rapamycin signalling pathway to suppress the expression of downstream sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), thereby attenuating the stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1)-mediated desaturation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Finally, an animal model of subcutaneous glioma confirmed that KB-1460A1.5 could inhibit tumour progression, SREBP-1/SCD1 expression and ferroptosis. In conclusion, increasing the expression level of KB-1460A1.5 in glioma can promote the induction of oxidative stress and ferroptosis in cancer cells through SREBP-1/SCD1-mediated adipogenesis, demonstrating therapeutic potential in preclinical models."
8792,brain tumour,38421832,"Targeting Cellular Senescence in Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Challenges, Considerations, and the Emerging Role of Senolytic and Senomorphic Therapies.","Cellular senescence is characterized by the permanent arrest of cell proliferation and is a response to endogenous and exogenous stress. The continuous accumulation of senescent cells (SnCs) in the body leads to the development of aging and age-related diseases (such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and osteoarthritis). In the face of the growing challenge of aging and age-related diseases, several compounds have received widespread attention for their potential to target SnCs. As a result, senolytics (compounds that selectively eliminate SnCs) and senomorphics (compounds that alter intercellular communication and modulate the behavior of SnCs) have become hot research topics in the field of anti-aging. In addition, strategies such as combination therapies and immune-based approaches have also made significant progress in the field of anti-aging therapy. In this article, we discuss the latest research on anti-aging targeting SnCs and gain a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action and impact of different anti-aging strategies on aging and age-related diseases, with the aim of providing more effective references and therapeutic ideas for clinical anti-aging treatment in the face of the ever-grave challenges of aging and age-related diseases."
8793,brain tumour,38421681,Synthesis of gadolinium-enhanced glioma images on multisequence magnetic resonance images using contrastive learning.,"Gadolinium-based contrast agents are commonly used in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), however, they cannot be used by patients with allergic reactions or poor renal function. For long-term follow-up patients, gadolinium deposition in the body can cause nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and other potential risks."
8794,brain tumour,38421488,The pathogenesis of cancer-associated thrombosis.,"Patients with cancer have a higher risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), compared to the general population. Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a thrombotic event that occurs as a complication of cancer or cancer therapy. Major factors determining VTE risk in cancer patients include not only treatment history and patient characteristics, but also cancer type and site. Cancer types can be broadly divided into three groups based on VTE risk: high risk (pancreatic, ovarian, brain, stomach, gynecologic, and hematologic), intermediate risk (colon and lung), and low risk (breast and prostate). This implies that the mechanism of VTE differs between cancer types and that specific VTE pathways may exist for different cancer types. This review summarizes the specific pathways that contribute to VTE in cancer patients, with a particular focus on leukocytosis, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), tissue factor (TF), thrombocytosis, podoplanin (PDPN), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the intrinsic coagulation pathway, and von Willebrand factor (VWF)."
8795,brain tumour,38421446,Genomic drivers in craniopharyngiomas: Analysis of the AACR project GENIE database.,"Craniopharyngiomas are rare tumors originating in the sellar region, with limited information on their somatic mutational landscape. In this study, we utilized a publicly available genomic database to profile the somatic mutational landscape of craniopharyngioma patients and interrogate differences based on histologic subtype."
8796,brain tumour,38421438,"Metallic radionuclide-labeled tetrameric 2,6-diisopropylphenyl azides for cancer treatment.","This study proposes a new method for radionuclide therapy that involves the use of oligomeric 2,6-diisopropylphenyl azides and a chelator to form stable complexes with metallic radionuclides. The technique works by taking advantage of the endogenous acrolein produced by cancer cells. The azides react with the acrolein to give a diazo derivative that immediately attaches to the nearest organelle, effectively anchoring the radionuclide within the tumor. Preliminary "
8797,brain tumour,38421306,Phantosmia during proton radiation and differences in frequency of phantosmia rates based on proton craniospinal irradiation technique for pediatric brain tumor patients.,"Unusual olfactory perception, often referred to as ""phantosmia"" or ""cacosmia"" has been reported during brain radiotherapy (RT), but is infrequent and does not typically interfere with the ability to deliver treatment. We seek to determine the rate of phantosmia for patients treated with proton craniospinal irradiation (CSI) and identify any potential clinical or treatment-related associations."
8798,brain tumour,38421190,Clinical and Operative Risk Factors Associated With Prolonged Length of Stay After Endoscopic Pituitary Adenoma Resection.,"Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are the most common intrasellar tumor. Clinically relevant adenomas have a prevalence of 1 per 1000 in the general population. Transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is the most common surgical treatment and is the first-line management for most PAs. Most patients fare well postoperatively, but a subset of patients experience a prolonged length of stay (PLOS). In this article, we aim to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with PLOS after TSS for PA."
8799,brain tumour,38420860,"""I couldn't connect the wires in my brain."" Young adult cancer survivors' experience with cognitive functioning.",There is a dearth of literature describing young adult (YA) cancer survivors' experiences with cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). We aimed to elucidate CRCI among YA cancer survivors and identify potentially modifiable risk factors.
8800,brain tumour,38420810,Multi-Omics Analysis of the Oncogenic Value of Pituitary Tumor-Transforming Gene 1 (,"The pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (PTTG1), also recognized as securin, plays a crucial role in diverse biological processes, such as restraining sister chromatid segregation, facilitating DNA repair, contributing to organ development, and governing angiogenesis. Additionally, it regulates the expression and secretion of transfer factors. The epigenetic characteristics of PTTG1 suggest its potential in elucidating the progression of malignant tumors in pan-cancer. Nevertheless, the current comprehension of this relationship remains limited, necessitating further comprehensive studies to delve into the underlying pathogenesis."
8801,brain tumour,38420615,A multi-institutional phase I study of acetazolamide with temozolomide in adults with newly diagnosed ,"A significant unmet need exists for the treatment of glioblastoma, "
8802,brain tumour,38420614,"Long-term survivors of glioblastoma: Tumor molecular, clinical, and imaging findings.","Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain malignancy with <45% living a year beyond diagnosis. Previously published investigations of long-term survivors (LTS) provided clinical data but rarely incorporated a comprehensive clinical and molecular analysis. Herein, we identify clinical, imaging, molecular, and outcome features for 23 GBM-LTS patients and compare them with a matched cohort of short-term survivors (STS)."
8803,brain tumour,38419943,MiR-128-3p - a gray eminence of the human central nervous system.,"MicroRNA-128-3p (miR-128-3p) is a versatile molecule with multiple functions in the physiopathology of the human central nervous system. Perturbations of miR-128-3p, which is enriched in the brain, contribute to a plethora of neurodegenerative disorders, brain injuries, and malignancies, as this miRNA is a crucial regulator of gene expression in the brain, playing an essential role in the maintenance and function of cells stemming from neuronal lineage. However, the differential expression of miR-128-3p in pathologies underscores the importance of the balance between its high and low levels. Significantly, numerous reports pointed to miR-128-3p as one of the most depleted in glioblastoma, implying it is a critical player in the disease's pathogenesis and thus may serve as a therapeutic agent for this most aggressive form of brain tumor. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the diverse roles of miR-128-3p. We focus on its involvement in the neurogenesis and pathophysiology of malignant and neurodegenerative diseases. We also highlight the promising potential of miR-128-3p as an antitumor agent for the future therapy of human cancers, including glioblastoma, and as the linchpin of brain development and function, potentially leading to the development of new therapies for neurological conditions."
8804,brain tumour,38419249,Photodynamic Therapy in Adult Intra-axial Brain Tumours.,"The management of high-grade gliomas is challenging considering their infiltrative nature, involvement of the eloquent cortex, and high recurrence rate. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging modality that selectively destroys tumour cells while preserving normal brain tissue. Its safety, and the concurrent use with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, is some of its appealing tenets. Here, we present a review of the literature regarding the mechanism, safety, and efficacy of PDT."
8805,brain tumour,38419238,"Socio-demographic characteristics of children and young people with primary brain tumours: comparison between a public and private sector tertiary hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.","Primary brain tumours (PBTs) are the commonest solid tumours in children and young people (CYP). A study was conducted at a private and a public sector hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, to determine the socio-demographic and tumour-related characteristics of CYP with PBTs between those presenting to the public and private hospitals. A total of 49 patients were included. The commonest PBT was pilocytic astrocytoma (29%). There were no differences in tumour-related characteristics between the two groups. However, parents of CYP with PBTs presenting to the public sector hospital were significantly less educated and had lower household incomes. No significant differences in age, gender, educational status, and ethnicity of CYP with PBTs were observed. Since CYP with PBTs presenting at the public sector hospital were from significantly lower socioeconomic backgrounds and their parents were less educated, it suggests socio-economic disparities in PBT care for CYPs in Karachi, Pakistan."
8806,brain tumour,38418976,Development of preoperative and postoperative models to predict recurrence in postoperative glioma patients: a longitudinal cohort study.,"Glioma recurrence, subsequent to maximal safe resection, remains a pivotal challenge. This study aimed to identify key clinical predictors influencing recurrence and develop predictive models to enhance neurological diagnostics and therapeutic strategies."
8807,brain tumour,38418842,Genetic mutation patterns among glioblastoma patients in the Taiwanese population - insights from a single institution retrospective study.,"This study utilized Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) to explore genetic determinants of survival duration in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) patients. We categorized 30 primary GBM patients into two groups based on their survival periods: extended survival (over two years, N = 17) and abbreviated survival (under two years, N = 13). For identifying pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants, we leveraged the ClinVar database. The cohort, aged 23 to 66 (median: 53), included 17 patients in Group A (survival >2 years, 10 males, 7 females), and 13 patients in Group B (survival <2 years, 8 males, 5 females), with a 60% to 40% male-to-female ratio. Identified mutations included CHEK2 (c.1477 G > A, p.E493K), IDH1 (c.395 G > A, p.R132H), and TP53 mutations. Non-coding regions exhibited variants in the TERT promoter (c.-146C > T, c.-124C > T) and TP53 RNA splicing site (c.376-2 A > C, c.376-2 A > G). While Group A had more mutations, statistical significance wasn't reached, likely due to sample size. Notably, TP53, and ATR displayed a trend toward significance. Surprisingly, TP53 mutations were more prevalent in Group A, contradicting Western findings on poorer GBM prognosis. In Taiwanese GBM patients, bevacizumab usage is linked to improved survival rates, affirming its safety and effectiveness. EGFR mutations are infrequent, suggesting potential distinctions in carcinogenic pathways. Further research on EGFR mutations and amplifications is essential for refining therapeutic approaches. TP53 mutations are associated with enhanced survival, but their functional implications necessitate detailed exploration. This study pioneers genetic analysis in Taiwanese GBM patients using NGS, advancing our understanding of their genetic landscape."
8808,brain tumour,38418818,Low-dose GBCA administration for brain tumour dynamic contrast enhanced MRI: a feasibility study.,"A key limitation of current dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI techniques is the requirement for full-dose gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) administration. The purpose of this feasibility study was to develop and assess a new low GBCA dose protocol for deriving high-spatial resolution kinetic parameters from brain DCE-MRI. Nineteen patients with intracranial skull base tumours were prospectively imaged at 1.5 T using a single-injection, fixed-volume low GBCA dose, dual temporal resolution interleaved DCE-MRI acquisition. The accuracy of kinetic parameters (v"
8809,brain tumour,38418676,Alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) hormones 6 months after cranial radiotherapy in adult patients with primary brain tumors outside the HPA region.,"Cranial radiotherapy is a common treatment for brain tumors, but it can affect the hypothalamic-pituitary (H-P) axis and lead to hormonal disorders. This study aimed to compare serum levels of HPA hormones before and after cranial radiation."
8810,brain tumour,38418494,Integrating imaging and genomic data for the discovery of distinct glioblastoma subtypes: a joint learning approach.,"Glioblastoma is a highly heterogeneous disease, with variations observed at both phenotypical and molecular levels. Personalized therapies would be facilitated by non-invasive in vivo approaches for characterizing this heterogeneity. In this study, we developed unsupervised joint machine learning between radiomic and genomic data, thereby identifying distinct glioblastoma subtypes. A retrospective cohort of 571 IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients were included in the study, and pre-operative multi-parametric MRI scans and targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) data were collected. L21-norm minimization was used to select a subset of 12 radiomic features from the MRI scans, and 13 key driver genes from the five main signal pathways most affected in glioblastoma were selected from the genomic data. Subtypes were identified using a joint learning approach called Anchor-based Partial Multi-modal Clustering on both radiomic and genomic modalities. Kaplan-Meier analysis identified three distinct glioblastoma subtypes: high-risk, medium-risk, and low-risk, based on overall survival outcome (p < 0.05, log-rank test; Hazard Ratio = 1.64, 95% CI 1.17-2.31, Cox proportional hazard model on high-risk and low-risk subtypes). The three subtypes displayed different phenotypical and molecular characteristics in terms of imaging histogram, co-occurrence of genes, and correlation between the two modalities. Our findings demonstrate the synergistic value of integrated radiomic signatures and molecular characteristics for glioblastoma subtyping. Joint learning on both modalities can aid in better understanding the molecular basis of phenotypical signatures of glioblastoma, and provide insights into the biological underpinnings of tumor formation and progression."
8811,brain tumour,38418476,CREB5 promotes the proliferation and self-renewal ability of glioma stem cells.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most fatal form of brain cancer in humans, with a dismal prognosis and a median overall survival rate of less than 15 months upon diagnosis. Glioma stem cells (GSCs), have recently been identified as key contributors in both tumor initiation and therapeutic resistance in GBM. Both public dataset analysis and direct differentiation experiments on GSCs have demonstrated that CREB5 is more highly expressed in undifferentiated GSCs than in differentiated GSCs. Additionally, gene silencing by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) of CREB5 has prevented the proliferation and self-renewal ability of GSCs in vitro and decreased their tumor forming ability in vivo. Meanwhile, RNA-sequencing, luciferase reporter assay, and ChIP assay have all demonstrated the closely association between CREB5 and OLIG2. These findings suggest that targeting CREB5 could be an effective approach to overcoming GSCs."
8812,brain tumour,38418293,Perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage as a rare delayed complication of radiation therapy in a patient with parotid basaloid squamous cell carcinoma.,"In this case report, we address a rare entity of parotid cancer: basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, which was surgically unresectable and had thus far only been treated with radiation therapy. Following twenty years of continuous remission, our patient presented with an acute perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage. The cause of the acute perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage was a delayed complication of radiation therapy."
8813,brain tumour,38418264,A Retrospective Real-World Study of Prognostic Factors Associated With EGFR Mutated Lung Cancer With Leptomeningeal Metastasis.,To analyze the factors associated with EGFR-mutated lung cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) in the real world that affects the prognosis of patients.
8814,brain tumour,38418131,Intramuscular Hybrid Nerve Sheath Tumor of the Thigh: Case Report and Literature Review.,"Hybrid nerve sheath tumor (HNST) is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor with combined features of more than one histological type, such as schwannoma, neurofibroma, and perineurioma. It remains under-recognized in routine clinical practice. Herein, we describe an unusual case of intramuscular HNST of the thigh."
8815,brain tumour,38418125,Unraveling the Impact of ,"MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as key regulators in various cancer types, including brain tumors. This study aimed to investigate the differential expression of miRNA-17 in glial tumors, cerebral metastases, and normal glial tissues."
8816,brain tumour,38417654,Neuroprotective effects of polyphyllin VI against rotenone-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells.,"A substantial body of evidence is drawing connections between Parkinson's disease (PD) and the phenomena of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Polyphyllin VI (PPVI), an active compound found in Rhizoma Paridis-commonly known as Chonglou (CL) in China, has been identified for its various pharmacological properties, including anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects."
8817,brain tumour,38417629,Outcomes of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in donation after circulatory death compared with donation after brain death: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Due to organ shortages, liver transplantation (LT) using donation-after-circulatory-death (DCD) grafts has become more common. There is limited and conflicting evidence on LT outcomes using DCD grafts compared to those using donation-after-brain death (DBD) grafts for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to summarize the current evidence on the outcomes of DCD-LT and DBD-LT in patients with HCC."
8818,brain tumour,38417621,Transoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Awake Glioma Surgery: Experience in a Latin American Tertiary-Level Center.,"Analyze the usefulness, efficacy, and safety of transoperative magnetic resonance imaging (tMRI) in glioma surgery in awake patients."
8819,brain tumour,38417223,Glypican-1-targeted antibody-drug conjugate inhibits the growth of glypican-1-positive glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma is the deadliest form of brain tumor. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) significantly hinders chemotherapy, necessitating the development of innovative treatment options for this tumor. This report presents the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that targets glypican-1 (GPC1) in glioblastoma. The GPC1-ADC was created by conjugating a humanized anti-GPC1 antibody (clone T2) with monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) via maleimidocaproyl-valine-citrulline-p-aminobenzyloxycarbonyl linkers. Immunohistochemical staining analysis of a glioblastoma tissue microarray revealed that GPC1 expression was elevated in more than half of the cases. GPC1-ADC, when bound to GPC1, was efficiently and rapidly internalized in glioblastoma cell lines. It inhibited the growth of GPC1-positive glioma cell lines by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and triggering apoptosis in vitro. We established a heterotopic xenograft model by subcutaneously implanting KALS-1 and administered GPC1-ADC intravenously. GPC1-ADC significantly inhibited tumor growth and increased the number of mitotic cells. We also established an orthotopic xenograft model by intracranially implanting luciferase-transfected KS-1-Luc#19. After injecting Evans blue and resecting brain tissues, dye leakage was observed in the implantation area, confirming BBB disruption. We administered GPC1-ADC intravenously and measured the luciferase activity using an in vivo imaging system. GPC1-ADC significantly inhibited tumor growth and extended survival. In conclusion, GPC1-ADC demonstrated potent intracranial activity against GPC1-positive glioblastoma in an orthotopic xenograft model. These results indicate that GPC1-ADC could represent a groundbreaking new therapy for treating glioblastoma beyond the BBB."
8820,brain tumour,20301636,Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome,"Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL) is characterized by hemangioblastomas of the brain, spinal cord, and retina; renal cysts and clear cell renal cell carcinoma; pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma; pancreatic cysts and neuroendocrine tumors; endolymphatic sac tumors; and epididymal and broad ligament cystadenomas. Retinal hemangioblastomas may be the initial manifestation of VHL and can cause vision loss. Cerebellar hemangioblastomas may be associated with headache, vomiting, gait disturbances, or ataxia. Spinal hemangioblastomas and related syrinx usually present with pain. Sensory and motor loss may develop with cord compression. Renal cell carcinoma occurs in about 70% of individuals with VHL and is the leading cause of mortality. Pheochromocytomas can be asymptomatic but may cause sustained or episodic hypertension. Pancreatic lesions often remain asymptomatic and rarely cause endocrine or exocrine insufficiency. Endolymphatic sac tumors can cause hearing loss of varying severity, which can be a presenting symptom. Cystadenomas of the epididymis are relatively common. They rarely cause problems, unless bilateral, in which case they may result in infertility."
8821,brain tumour,38417178,"Impact of glioma peritumoral edema, tumor size, and tumor location on alternating electric fields (AEF) therapy in realistic 3D rat glioma models: a computational study.",
8822,brain tumour,38417138,89Zr-ImmunoPET for the Specific Detection of EMP2-Positive Tumors.,"Epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2) is upregulated in a number of tumors and therefore remains a promising target for mAb-based therapy. In the current study, image-guided therapy for an anti-EMP2 mAb was evaluated by PET in both syngeneic and immunodeficient cancer models expressing different levels of EMP2 to enable a better understanding of its tumor uptake and off target accumulation and clearance. The therapeutic efficacy of the anti-EMP2 mAb was initially evaluated in high- and low-expressing tumors, and the mAb reduced tumor load for the high EMP2-expressing 4T1 and HEC-1-A tumors. To create an imaging agent, the anti-EMP2 mAb was conjugated to p-SCN-Bn-deferoxamine (DFO) and radiolabeled with 89Zr. Tumor targeting and tissue biodistribution were evaluated in syngeneic tumor models (4T1, CT26, and Panc02) and human tumor xenograft models (Ramos, HEC-1-A, and U87MG/EMP2). PET imaging revealed radioactive accumulation in EMP2-positive tumors within 24 hours after injection, and the signal was retained for 5 days. High specific uptake was observed in tumors with high EMP2 expression (4T1, CT26, HEC-1-A, and U87MG/EMP2), with less accumulation in tumors with low EMP2 expression (Panc02 and Ramos). Biodistribution at 5 days after injection revealed that the tumor uptake ranged from 2 to approximately 16%ID/cc. The results show that anti-EMP2 mAbs exhibit EMP2-dependent tumor uptake with low off-target accumulation in preclinical cancer models. The development of improved anti-EMP2 Ab fragments may be useful to track EMP2-positive tumors for subsequent therapeutic interventions."
8823,brain tumour,38417094,Strategy for Identifying a Robust Metabolomic Signature Reveals the Altered Lipid Metabolism in Pituitary Adenoma.,"Despite the well-established connection between systematic metabolic abnormalities and the pathophysiology of pituitary adenoma (PA), current metabolomic studies have reported an extremely limited number of metabolites associated with PA. Moreover, there was very little consistency in the identified metabolite signatures, resulting in a lack of robust metabolic biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of PA. Herein, we performed a global untargeted plasma metabolomic profiling on PA and identified a highly robust metabolomic signature based on a strategy. Specifically, this strategy is unique in (1) integrating repeated random sampling and a consensus evaluation-based feature selection algorithm and (2) evaluating the consistency of metabolomic signatures among different sample groups. This strategy demonstrated superior robustness and stronger discriminative ability compared with that of other feature selection methods including Student's "
8824,brain tumour,38417064,Lymphatic endothelial-like cells in the glioblastoma tumor niche drive metabolic alterations that promote stem cell proliferation and survival.,No abstract found
8825,brain tumour,38416873,Angiopep-2-Functionalized Lipid Cubosomes for Blood-Brain Barrier Crossing and Glioblastoma Treatment.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer with high malignancy and resistance to conventional treatments, resulting in a bleak prognosis. Nanoparticles offer a way to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver precise therapies to tumor sites with reduced side effects. In this study, we developed angiopep-2 (Ang2)-functionalized lipid cubosomes loaded with cisplatin (CDDP) and temozolomide (TMZ) for crossing the BBB and providing targeted glioblastoma therapy. Developed lipid cubosomes showed a particle size of around 300 nm and possessed an internal ordered inverse primitive cubic phase, a high conjugation efficiency of Ang2 to the particle surface, and an encapsulation efficiency of more than 70% of CDDP and TMZ. "
8826,brain tumour,38416830,An immunosuppressive vascular niche drives macrophage polarization and immunotherapy resistance in glioblastoma.,"Cancer immunity is subjected to spatiotemporal regulation by leukocyte interaction with neoplastic and stromal cells, contributing to immune evasion and immunotherapy resistance. Here, we identify a distinct mesenchymal-like population of endothelial cells (ECs) that form an immunosuppressive vascular niche in glioblastoma (GBM). We reveal a spatially restricted, Twist1/SATB1-mediated sequential transcriptional activation mechanism, through which tumor ECs produce osteopontin to promote immunosuppressive macrophage (Mφ) phenotypes. Genetic or pharmacological ablation of Twist1 reverses Mφ-mediated immunosuppression and enhances T cell infiltration and activation, leading to reduced GBM growth and extended mouse survival, and sensitizing tumor to chimeric antigen receptor T immunotherapy. Thus, these findings uncover a spatially restricted mechanism controlling tumor immunity and suggest that targeting endothelial Twist1 may offer attractive opportunities for optimizing cancer immunotherapy."
8827,brain tumour,38416470,Serious Brain Injuries Tied to Higher Brain Cancer Risk in US Veterans.,No abstract found
8828,brain tumour,38416338,Methylseleninic acid inhibits human glioma growth in vitro and in vivo by triggering ROS-dependent oxidative damage and apoptosis.,"Selenium-containing agents showed novel anticancer activity by triggering pro-oxidative mechanism. Studies confirmed that methylseleninic acid (MeSe) displayed broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity against kinds of human cancers. However, the anticancer effects and mechanism of MeSe against human glioma growth have not been explored yet. Herein, the present study showed that MeSeA dose-dependently inhibited U251 and U87 human glioma cells growth in vitro. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that MeSe induced significant U251 cells apoptosis with a dose-dependent manner, followed by the activation of caspase-7, caspase-9 and caspase-3. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that MeSe time-dependently caused reactive oxide species (ROS) accumulation and subsequently resulted in oxidative damage, as convinced by the increased phosphorylation level of Ser428-ATR, Ser1981-ATM, Ser15-p53 and Ser139-histone. ROS inhibition by glutathione (GSH) effectively attenuated MeSe-induced ROS generation, oxidative damage, caspase-3 activation and cytotoxicity, indicating that ROS was an upstream factor involved in MeSe-mediated anticancer mechanism in glioma. Importantly, MeSe administration in nude mice significantly inhibited glioma growth in vivo by inducing apoptosis through triggering oxidative damage. Taken together, our findings validated the possibility that MeSe as a selenium-containing can act as potential tumor chemotherapy agent for therapy of human glioma."
8829,brain tumour,38416220,Intraoperative prevention of nasal mucosal injury and surgical field contamination during single-nostril transnasal endoscopic pituitary adenomas resection.,"The common complications of transnasal endoscopic pituitary adenomas resection include nasal hemorrhage, olfactory disorder, nasal adhesion, and intracranial infection. Consequently, the protection of nasal mucosa and the prevention of surgical field contamination are critical."
8830,brain tumour,38416204,Visual outcomes after treatment of craniopharyngioma in children: A systematic review.,Craniopharyngiomas (CP) are rare brain tumors that often result in visual impairment due to their proximity to the optic pathway. The optimal management approach to preserve visual function in these patients remains controversial. We sought to investigate visual outcomes of children with craniopharyngiomas based on treatment modality.
8831,brain tumour,38416133,Glioblastoma-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells Are Predominantly a Clonally Expanded GZMK+ Effector Population.,"Recent clinical trials have highlighted the limited efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapy in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). To better understand the characteristics of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in GBM, we performed cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing with paired V(D)J sequencing, respectively, on TILs from two cohorts of patients totaling 15 patients with high-grade glioma, including GBM or astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, grade 4 (G4A). Analysis of the CD8+ TIL landscape reveals an enrichment of clonally expanded GZMK+ effector T cells in the tumor compared with matched blood, which was validated at the protein level. Furthermore, integration with other cancer types highlights the lack of a canonically exhausted CD8+ T-cell population in GBM TIL. These data suggest that GZMK+ effector T cells represent an important T-cell subset within the GBM microenvironment and may harbor potential therapeutic implications."
8832,brain tumour,38415901,STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitor Bt354 exhibits anti-neoplastic activity in glioblastoma multiforme cells.,"The high mortality rate of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a lethal primary brain tumor, is attributable to postsurgical recurrence. STAT3, an oncogenic protein, is a signal transducer and transcription activator encourages cancer cell migration and proliferation, which results in resistance to therapy. STAT3 inhibition reduces cancer metastasis and improves patient prognosis. Bt354, a small molecule STAT inhibitor, exhibits significant cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activities against certain cancer types. Here, we demonstrated that exposure of GBM cells (U87 MG) to Bt354 had a significant, concentration-dependent growth suppression. Bt354 also induced apoptosis and downregulated the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes. Therefore, this study suggests the potential of Bt354 for treating GBM owing to its ability to induce cytotoxicity."
8833,brain tumour,38415699,Factors associated with longer survival among older medicare patients after diagnosis of supratentorial primary brain malignancies: a retrospective cohort study.,"Despite recent advances, the prognosis for primary malignant brain tumors (PMBTs) remains poor. Some commonly prescribed medications may exhibit anti-tumor properties in various cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases may activate pathways that counteract gliomagenesis. Our study is focused on determining if there is a correlation between the use of metformin, beta-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), or the presence of Parkinson's disease (PD), and the survival rates following a diagnosis of a PMBT."
8834,brain tumour,38415455,WSCD2 Expression: Its Relevance to Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells and Glioma Prognosis.,"Patients with glioma have limited treatment options and experience poor prognoses. Therefore, it is urgently needed to explore new diagnostic and therapeutic targets."
8835,brain tumour,38415166,A novel automatic segmentation method directly based on magnetic resonance imaging K-space data for auxiliary diagnosis of glioma.,"The use of segmentation architectures in medical imaging, particularly for glioma diagnosis, marks a significant advancement in the field. Traditional methods often rely on post-processed images; however, key details can be lost during the fast Fourier transformation (FFT) process. Given the limitations of these techniques, there is a growing interest in exploring more direct approaches. The adaption of segmentation architectures originally designed for road extraction for medical imaging represents an innovative step in this direction. By employing K-space data as the modal input, this method completely eliminates the information loss inherent in FFT, thereby potentially enhancing the precision and effectiveness of glioma diagnosis."
8836,brain tumour,38415156,"Tumor characteristics, brain functional activity, and connectivity of tinnitus in patients with vestibular schwannoma: a pilot study.","The mechanism underlying tinnitus remains unclear, and when it coexists with vestibular schwannoma (VS), it can significantly diminish the quality of life for affected patients. This study aimed to determine the correlation between preoperative clinical characteristics of VS, postoperative changes in brain function, and tinnitus in patients with VS through a cohort study."
8837,brain tumour,38414740,Corrigendum: Clinical feasibility of miniaturized Lissajous scanning confocal laser endomicroscopy for indocyanine green-enhanced brain tumor diagnosis.,[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.994054.].
8838,brain tumour,38414688,Neurophysiotherapy in Grade II Diffuse Astrocytoma: A Case Report.,"Diffuse astrocytoma is a slow, progressive, and invasive tumor that develops from astrocytes and there is no discernible boundary between tumor and brain cells. We present a case of a 48-year-old woman with diffuse astrocytoma who experienced sudden left-sided weakness, multiple convulsive episodes, and vomiting. The patient underwent surgery for a left occipital mini craniotomy with complete tumor removal through a titanium burr hole. Postoperatively, the patient complained of bilateral upper and lower extremities weakness, and decreased muscular tone was found; hence, she was referred to undergo neurophysiotherapy. A four-week rehabilitative protocol was started. Physiotherapy is critical in these patients for ensuring early and rapid recovery and treating the condition's clinical manifestations. The outcome measures employed were the tone grading scale, the Brunnstrom recovery stage, and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). This case study concludes that physiotherapy rehabilitation for an operated case of grade 2 diffuse astrocytoma led to improved lower limb strength, normal tone, and improved functional independence, which helped the patient achieve better functional activities and a greater quality of life."
8839,brain tumour,38414347,Epigenome-wide analysis of frailty: Results from two European twin cohorts.,"Epigenetics plays an important role in the aging process, but it is unclear whether epigenetic factors also influence frailty, an age-related state of physiological decline. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies in four samples drawn from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) and the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins (LSADT) to explore the association between DNA methylation and frailty. Frailty was defined using the frailty index (FI), and DNA methylation levels were measured in whole blood using Illumina's Infinium HumanMethylation450K and MethylationEPIC arrays. In the meta-analysis consisting of a total of 829 participants, we identified 589 CpG sites that were statistically significantly associated with either the continuous or categorical FI (false discovery rate <0.05). Many of these CpGs have previously been associated with age and age-related diseases. The identified sites were also largely directionally consistent in a longitudinal analysis using mixed-effects models in SATSA, where the participants were followed up to a maximum of 20 years. Moreover, we identified three differentially methylated regions within the MGRN1, MIR596, and TAPBP genes that have been linked to neuronal aging, tumor growth, and immune functions. Furthermore, our meta-analysis results replicated 34 of the 77 previously reported frailty-associated CpGs at p < 0.05. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate robust associations between frailty and DNA methylation levels in 589 novel CpGs, previously unidentified for frailty, and strengthen the role of neuronal/brain pathways in frailty."
8840,brain tumour,38414242,Therapeutic potential of RNA-enriched extracellular vesicles: The next generation in RNA delivery via biogenic nanoparticles.,"Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) (∼50-150 nm) that have emerged as promising vehicles for therapeutic applications and drug delivery. These membrane-bound particles, released by all actively dividing cells, have the ability to transfer effector molecules, including proteins, RNA, and even DNA, from donor cells to recipient cells, thereby modulating cellular responses. RNA-based therapeutics, including microRNAs, messenger RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, hold great potential in controlling gene expression and treating a spectrum of medical conditions. RNAs encapsulated in EVs are protected from extracellular degradation, making them attractive for therapeutic applications. Understanding the intricate biology of cargo loading and transfer within EVs is pivotal to unlocking their therapeutic potential. This review discusses the biogenesis and classification of EVs, methods for loading RNA into EVs, their advantages as drug carriers over synthetic-lipid-based systems, and the potential applications in treating neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and viral infections. Notably, EVs show promise in delivering RNA cargo across the blood-brain barrier and targeting tumor cells, offering a safe and effective approach to RNA-based therapy in these contexts."
8841,brain tumour,38414131,Collision tumor: Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor with isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant diffuse astrocytoma.,"Herein, we report a case of a collision tumor involving a multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) and a diffuse astrocytoma. A collision tumor between these two entities has not previously been reported. The patient is a 35-year-old woman who presented with new-onset hearing loss and ringing in her right ear. Magnetic resonance imaging identified a non-enhancing mass involving the gray matter and subcortical white matter of the left middle frontal gyrus. Additionally, tiny clustered nodules were noted along the underlying subcortical ribbon and superficial subcortical white matter of the left superior frontal gyrus. The patient underwent a left frontal craniotomy and complete resection of the mass. Histologic examination of the resected specimen demonstrated a collision tumor consisting of a diffuse astrocytoma (isocitrate dehydrogenase [IDH] mutant, central nervous system [CNS] World Health Organization [WHO] grade 2) and an MVNT, with the latter demonstrating characteristic morphologic and immunohistochemical features."
8842,brain tumour,38414005,Decoding of the surfaceome and endocytome in primary glioblastoma cells identifies potential target antigens in the hypoxic tumor niche.,"Immunotherapies with antibody-drug-conjugates (ADC) and CAR-T cells, targeted at tumor surface antigens (surfaceome), currently revolutionize clinical oncology. However, target identification warrants a better understanding of the surfaceome and how it is modulated by the tumor microenvironment. Here, we decode the surfaceome and endocytome and its remodeling by hypoxic stress in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive brain tumor in adults. We employed a comprehensive approach for global and dynamic profiling of the surfaceome and endocytosed (endocytome) proteins and their regulation by hypoxia in patient-derived GBM cultures. We found a heterogeneous surface-endocytome profile and a divergent response to hypoxia across GBM cultures. We provide a quantitative ranking of more than 600 surface resident and endocytosed proteins, and their regulation by hypoxia, serving as a resource to the cancer research community. As proof-of-concept, the established target antigen CD44 was identified as a commonly and abundantly expressed surface protein with high endocytic activity. Among hypoxia induced proteins, we reveal CXADR, CD47, CD81, BSG, and FXYD6 as potential targets of the stressed GBM niche. We could validate these findings by immunofluorescence analyses in patient tumors and by increased expression in the hypoxic core of GBM spheroids. Selected candidates were finally confronted by treatment studies, showing their high capacity for internalization and ADC delivery. Importantly, we highlight the limited correlation between transcriptomics and proteomics, emphasizing the critical role of membrane protein enrichment strategies and quantitative mass spectrometry. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the surface-endocytome and its remodeling by hypoxia in GBM as a resource for exploration of targets for immunotherapeutic approaches in GBM."
8843,brain tumour,38413796,Fulvestrant and everolimus efficacy after CDK4/6 inhibitor: a prospective study with circulating tumor DNA analysis.,"In a prospective study (NCT02866149), we assessed the efficacy of fulvestrant and everolimus in CDK4/6i pre-treated mBC patients and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) changes throughout therapy. Patients treated with fulvestrant and everolimus had their ctDNA assessed at baseline, after 3-5 weeks and at disease progression. Somatic mutations were identified in archived tumor tissues by targeted NGS and tracked in cell-free DNA by droplet digital PCR. ctDNA detection was then associated with clinicopathological characteristics and patients' progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and best overall response (BOR). In the 57 included patients, median PFS and OS were 6.8 (95%CI [5.03-11.5]) and 38.2 (95%CI [30.0-not reached]) months, respectively. In 47 response-evaluable patients, BOR was a partial response or stable disease in 15 (31.9%) and 11 (23.4%) patients, respectively. Among patients with trackable somatic mutation and available plasma sample, N = 33/47 (70.2%) and N = 19/36 (52.8%) had ctDNA detected at baseline and at 3 weeks, respectively. ctDNA detection at baseline and PIK3CA mutation had an adverse prognostic impact on PFS and OS in multivariate analysis. This prospective cohort study documents the efficacy of fulvestrant and everolimus in CDK4/6i-pretreated ER + /HER2- mBC and highlights the clinical validity of early ctDNA changes as pharmacodynamic biomarker."
8844,brain tumour,38413795,AF1q is a universal marker of neuroblastoma that sustains N-Myc expression and drives tumorigenesis.,"Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial malignant tumor of childhood, accounting for 15% of all pediatric cancer deaths. Despite significant advances in our understanding of neuroblastoma biology, five-year survival rates for high-risk disease remain less than 50%, highlighting the importance of identifying novel therapeutic targets to combat the disease. MYCN amplification is the most frequent and predictive molecular aberration correlating with poor outcome in neuroblastoma. N-Myc is a short-lived protein primarily due to its rapid proteasomal degradation, a potentially exploitable vulnerability in neuroblastoma. AF1q is an oncoprotein with established roles in leukemia and solid tumor progression. It is normally expressed in brain and sympathetic neurons and has been postulated to play a part in neural differentiation. However, no role for AF1q in tumors of neural origin has been reported. In this study, we found AF1q to be a universal marker of neuroblastoma tumors. Silencing AF1q in neuroblastoma cells caused proteasomal degradation of N-Myc through Ras/ERK and AKT/GSK3β pathways, activated p53 and blocked cell cycle progression, culminating in cell death via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Moreover, silencing AF1q attenuated neuroblastoma tumorigenicity in vivo signifying AF1q's importance in neuroblastoma oncogenesis. Our findings reveal AF1q to be a novel regulator of N-Myc and potential therapeutic target in neuroblastoma."
8845,brain tumour,38413663,A study combining microbubble-mediated focused ultrasound and radiation therapy in the healthy rat brain and a F98 glioma model.,"Focused Ultrasound (FUS) has been shown to sensitize tumors outside the brain to Radiotherapy (RT) through increased ceramide-mediated apoptosis. This study investigated the effects of FUS + RT in healthy rodent brains and F98 gliomas. Tumors, or striata in healthy rats, were targeted with microbubble-mediated, pulsed FUS (220 kHz, 102-444 kPa), followed by RT (4, 8, 15 Gy). FUS + RT (8, 15 Gy) resulted in ablative lesions, not observed with FUS or RT only, in healthy tissue. Lesions were visible using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) within 72 h and persisted until 21 days post-treatment, indicating potential applications in ablative neurosurgery. In F98 tumors, at 8 and 15 Gy, where RT only had significant effects, FUS + RT offered limited improvements. At 4 Gy, where RT had limited effects compared with untreated controls, FUS + RT reduced tumor volumes observed on MRI by 45-57%. However, survival benefits were minimal (controls: 27 days, RT: 27 days, FUS + RT: 28 days). Histological analyses of tumors 72 h after FUS + RT (4 Gy) showed 93% and 396% increases in apoptosis, and 320% and 336% increases in vessel-associated ceramide, compared to FUS and RT only. Preliminary evidence shows that FUS + RT may improve treatment of glioma, but additional studies are required to optimize effect size."
8846,brain tumour,38413460,"Deep Learning Glioma Grading with the Tumor Microenvironment Analysis Protocol for Comprehensive Learning, Discovering, and Quantifying Microenvironmental Features.","Gliomas are primary brain tumors that arise from neural stem cells, or glial precursors. Diagnosis of glioma is based on histological evaluation of pathological cell features and molecular markers. Gliomas are infiltrated by myeloid cells that accumulate preferentially in malignant tumors, and their abundance inversely correlates with survival, which is of interest for cancer immunotherapies. To avoid time-consuming and laborious manual examination of images, a deep learning approach for automatic multiclass classification of tumor grades was proposed. As an alternative way of investigating characteristics of brain tumor grades, we implemented a protocol for learning, discovering, and quantifying tumor microenvironment elements on our glioma dataset. Using only single-stained biopsies we derived characteristic differentiating tumor microenvironment phenotypic neighborhoods. The study was complicated by the small size of the available human leukocyte antigen stained on glioma tissue microarray dataset - 206 images of 5 classes - as well as imbalanced data distribution. This challenge was addressed by image augmentation for underrepresented classes. In practice, we considered two scenarios, a whole slide supervised learning classification, and an unsupervised cell-to-cell analysis looking for patterns of the microenvironment. In the supervised learning investigation, we evaluated 6 distinct model architectures. Experiments revealed that a DenseNet121 architecture surpasses the baseline's accuracy by a significant margin of 9% for the test set, achieving a score of 69%, increasing accuracy in discerning challenging WHO grade 2 and 3 cases. All experiments have been carried out in a cross-validation manner. The tumor microenvironment analysis suggested an important role for myeloid cells and their accumulation in the context of characterizing glioma grades. Those promising approaches can be used as an additional diagnostic tool to improve assessment during intraoperative examination or subtyping tissues for treatment selection, potentially easing the workflow of pathologists and oncologists."
8847,brain tumour,38413458,Non-navigated 2D intraoperative ultrasound: An unsophisticated surgical tool to achieve high standards of care in glioma surgery.,"In an era characterized by rapid progression in neurosurgical technologies, traditional tools such as the non-navigated two-dimensional intraoperative ultrasound (nn-2D-IOUS) risk being overshadowed. Against this backdrop, this study endeavors to provide a comprehensive assessment of the clinical efficacy and surgical relevance of nn-2D-IOUS, specifically in the context of glioma resections."
8848,brain tumour,38413391,Letter to the editor: long-term outcomes and potential predictive recurrence factors after endonasal endoscopic surgical treatment of symptomatic rathke's cleft cysts.,No abstract found
8849,brain tumour,38413286,The clinical and biochemical spectrum of ectopic acromegaly.,"Ectopic acromegaly is a rare condition caused by extrapituitary central or peripheral neuroendocrine tumours (NET) that hypersecrete GH or, more commonly, GHRH. It affects less than 1% of acromegaly patients and a misdiagnosis of classic acromegaly can lead to an inappropriate pituitary surgery. Four types of ectopic acromegaly have been described: 1) Central ectopic GH-secretion: Careful cross-sectional imaging is required to exclude ectopic pituitary adenomas. 2) Peripheral GH secretion: Extremely rare. 3) Central ectopic GHRH secretion: Sellar gangliocytomas immunohistochemically positive for GHRH are found after pituitary surgery. 4) Peripheral GHRH secretion: The most common type of ectopic acromegaly is due to peripheral GHRH-secreting NETs. Tumours are large and usually located in the lungs or pancreas. Pituitary hyperplasia resulting from chronic GHRH stimulation is difficult to detect or can be misinterpreted as pituitary adenoma in the MRI. Measurement of serum GHRH levels is a specific and useful diagnostic tool. Surgery of GHRH-secreting NETs is often curative."
8850,brain tumour,38413220,A case of dMMR/MSI-H/TMB-H colon cancer with brain metastasis treated with PD-1 monoclonal antibody.,"A 70-year-old man had radical surgery for colon cancer one year before the symptoms of memory loss and decreasing cognitive function. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging revealed a brain mass, which was surgically resected and confirmed to be metastatic intestinal adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry of the primary tumor and brain metastasis showed mismatch repair deficiency. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery. However, the brain metastasis relapsed one month after the last chemotherapy. Genetic testing on the resected colon tumor samples confirmed microsatellite instability-high with a high tumor mutation burden by 77.7 muts/Mb. The patient was subsequently treated with programmed death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab (keytruda). The brain metastatic lesions were completely shrunk, and a complete clinical response was achieved."
8851,brain tumour,38413033,Effect of electroacupuncture on neuronal programmed necrosis by regulating RIP1/RIP3/MLKL pathway in rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.,"To investigate the neuroprotective effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at ""Quchi""(LI11) and ""Zusanli""(ST36) in the rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury and its influence on programmed necrosis of cerebral cortical neurons."
8852,brain tumour,38412983,[Tumor predisposition in endocrinology - from MEN to FIPA].,"Understanding genetic predisposition has a significant impact on the management of patients with endocrine tumours, including therapy, early detection and prevention. These tumours, which develop as part of a familial predisposition, often manifest early in life and frequently affect several endocrine organs. In the following article, both common syndromes, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes, and rare syndromes, such as familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA), are presented based on their indicator diseases."
8853,brain tumour,38412673,G-CSF improving combined whole brain radiotherapy and immunotherapy prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases.,To evaluate the therapeutic advantage of G-CSF to whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in combination with immunotherapy as a first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastases (BMs).
8854,brain tumour,30969571,Choroid Plexus Papilloma,"Choroid plexus papillomas are rare central nervous system tumors, comprising less than 1% of all brain tumors. Although choroid plexus papillomas may occur at any age, 70% of patients with this neoplasm are less than 2 years of age. Choroid plexus papillomas are neuroepithelial tumors that are World Health Organization grade I or II. In contrast, the rarely encountered choroid plexus carcinoma is classified as World Health Organization grade III. Choroid plexus papillomas are more common in the infratentorial compartment in adults and the supratentorial compartment in children. Patients with choroid plexus papillomas often present with communicating hydrocephalus secondary to cerebrospinal fluid overproduction. The prognosis of these benign neoplasms is favorable, and gross total resection is frequently curative."
8855,brain tumour,38412597,Abducens nerve palsy due to clivus metastasis in a patient with breast carcinoma: A rare case.,"Breast cancer, comprising 25 % of all diagnosed cancers, predominantly affects women globally. While bone metastasis is common, occurrences at the clivus or skull base are rarely documented. Treatment varies from surgery in early stages to a multifaceted approach for advanced cases, incorporating chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery based on staging and histology."
8856,brain tumour,38412388,Cancer Risks Associated With ,Establishing accurate age-related penetrance figures for the broad range of cancer types that occur in individuals harboring a pathogenic germline variant in the 
8857,brain tumour,38411896,KIF4A promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by activating the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway in glioma cells.,"Gliomas are the most prevalent type of primary brain tumor, with poor prognosis reported in patients with high-grade glioma. Kinesin family member 4 A (KIF4A) stimulates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. However, its function in gliomas has not been clearly established. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of KIF4A on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion of glioma cells. We searched The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas databases to identify KIF4A-related signaling pathways and downstream genes. We further validated them using western blotting, transwell migration and invasion, wound-healing scratch, and dual-luciferase reporter assays in U251 and U87 human glioblastoma cells. Our analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas data showed elevated KIF4A expression in patients with gliomas and was associated with clinical grade. Here, KIF4A overexpression promoted the migration, invasion, and proliferation of glioma cells, whereas KIF4A knockdown showed contrasting results. Gene Ontology (GO) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analyses demonstrated that KIF4A positively controls TGF-β/SMAD signaling in glioma cells. Additionally, genetic correlation analysis revealed that KIF4A transcriptionally controls benzimidazoles-1 expression in glioma cells. KIF4A promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway via benzimidazoles-1 in glioma cells."
8858,brain tumour,38411882,Plasma THBS1 as a predictive biomarker for poor prognosis and brain metastasis in patients with HER2-enriched breast cancer.,"Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) is a secretory adhesive glycoprotein involved in the progression of multiple malignancies, including breast cancer. However, the clinical significance and prognostic role of plasma THBS1 in breast cancer have yet to be clarified."
8859,brain tumour,38411788,Pre-operative predictors of post-operative seizure control in low-grade glioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"As many as 80% of low-grade gliomas (LGGs) present with seizures, negatively impacting quality of life. While seizures are associated with gliomas regardless of grade, the importance of minimizing impact of seizures for patients with low grade tumors cannot be understated given the prolonged survival period in this population. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize existing literature and identify factors associated with post-operative seizure control (defined as Engel I classification) in patients with LGGs, with a focus on pre-operative factors. Patient data extracted include tumor location and histology, pre-operative anti-seizure medication use, extent of resection (EOR), adjuvant treatment, pre-operative seizure type, duration, and frequency, and post-operative Engel classification. A random-effects model was used to calculate the effects of EOR, pre-operative seizure duration, adjuvant radiation, and adjuvant chemotherapy on post-operative seizure control. The effect of tumor location and histology on post-operative Engel I classification was determined using contingency analyses. Thirteen studies including 1628 patients with seizures were included in the systematic review. On meta-analyses, Engel I classification was associated with pre-operative seizure type (OR = 0.79 (0.63-0.99), p = 0.0385, focal versus generalized), frontal lobe LGGs (OR = 1.5 (1.1-2.0), p = 0.0195), and EOR (OR (95% CI) = 4.5 (2.3-6.7), p < 0.0001 gross-total versus subtotal). Pre-operative seizure duration less than one year, adjuvant radiation, adjuvant chemotherapy, and tumor histology were not associated with achieving Engel I classification. In addition to the known effects of EOR, Engel I classification is less likely to be achieved in patients with focal pre-operative seizures and more likely to be achieved in patients with frontal lobe LGGs."
8860,brain tumour,38411749,Psychosocial symptoms associated with spiritual well-being in Latino patients and caregivers coping with advanced cancer.,"The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship among hopelessness, anxiety, and depression, with spiritual well-being in patients and family caregivers."
8861,brain tumour,38411438,Sexual-biased necroinflammation is revealed as a predictor of bevacizumab benefit in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor that affects men more often than women. In addition, the former shows a poorer survival prognosis. To date, the reason for this sex-specific aggressiveness remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate tumor processes that explain these sex differences."
8862,brain tumour,38411299,Adult epithelioid glioblastoma exhibits an extremely poor prognosis and high frequency of SWI/SNF complex mutation: Insights from a retrospective study.,"Epithelioid glioblastoma (eGBM) is a rare subtype of GBM. Given the update of the definition of GBM, the understanding of the molecular characteristics and prognosis of ""true"" adult eGBM remains limited. Herein, we retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of 39 adult eGBM cases. Adult eGBM primarily affected females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:2.3. The average age of diagnosis was 53 years, and the tumor affected the temporal lobe in 41% of cases (16/39, 41%). Microscopically, the tumors consisted mainly or entirely of epithelioid cells. Perivascular infiltration (10/39, 25.6%) and leptomeningeal dissemination (7/39, 17.9%) were not uncommon. BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 40.9% of cases (n = 9/22). Next-generation sequencing revealed that CDKN2A/B homogeneous deletion was the most frequently mutated gene (8/10, 80%), followed by TERT promoter mutation (7/10, 70%), Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 or 6 (CDK4/6) amplification (5/10, 50%) and BRAF V600E mutation (50%, 5/10). Notably, the incidence of ARID1B mutation in eGBM was 50% (5/10), representing the first report of such a mutation in this subtype of GBM. ARID1B was known to be a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler. Chromosome analysis showed a 7+/10- signature in 90% (9/10) cases. Adult eGBM carried a dismal prognosis compared to GBM with IDH and H3 wild-type (typical GBM) (OS: 13.89 vs 24.30 months; P = .003) and even typical GBM without MGMT promoter methylation (OS: 13.89 vs 22.08 months; P = .036). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that adult eGBM harbors a high frequency of the 7+/10- signature and alterations in the MAPK pathway, SWI/SNF complex and cyclin-related genes and portends an extremely poor prognosis."
8863,brain tumour,38411252,PTCH1-mutant human cerebellar organoids exhibit altered neural development and recapitulate early medulloblastoma tumorigenesis.,"Patched 1 (PTCH1) is the primary receptor for the sonic hedgehog (SHH) ligand and negatively regulates SHH signalling, an essential pathway in human embryogenesis. Loss-of-function mutations in PTCH1 are associated with altered neuronal development and the malignant brain tumour medulloblastoma. As a result of differences between murine and human development, molecular and cellular perturbations that arise from human PTCH1 mutations remain poorly understood. Here, we used cerebellar organoids differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells combined with CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to investigate the earliest molecular and cellular consequences of PTCH1 mutations on human cerebellar development. Our findings demonstrate that developmental mechanisms in cerebellar organoids reflect in vivo processes of regionalisation and SHH signalling, and offer new insights into early pathophysiological events of medulloblastoma tumorigenesis without the use of animal models."
8864,brain tumour,38410881,Malignancy arising in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma: Report of a rare case with unusual morphologic features.,"Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma is a grade 1 tumor that arises in a sellar/suprasellar location. Despite being a grade 1 tumor, there is high recurrence and endocrinal insufficiency. Malignancy arising in craniopharyngioma is extremely rare, has a dismal prognosis, and is currently not included as a separate entity in the World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System 5th edition. Here we describe a case of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma and its malignant counterpart. The malignant part had unique histomorphology and basaloid cells with pseudoglandular architecture and a myxoid background. It bore a striking resemblance to adenoid cystic carcinoma. Both the benign and malignant counterparts were beta-catenin and SOX-2 positive, providing proof of the malignant part arising from the benign part. Tumors like squamous cell carcinoma and odontogenic ghost cell carcinoma have been described in cranipharyngioma. This case study is the first to describe this unique morphology of adenoid cystic carcinoma-like features. The possibility of adenoid cystic carcinoma was excluded by immunohistochemistry."
8865,brain tumour,38410597,Mutation profile in liquid biopsy tested by next generation sequencing in Mexican patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma and its impact on survival.,"Lung cancer represents a significant global health concern, often diagnosed in its advanced stages. The advent of massive DNA sequencing has revolutionized the landscape of cancer treatment by enabling the identification of target mutations and the development of tailored therapeutic approaches. Unfortunately, access to DNA sequencing technology remains limited in many developing countries. In this context, we emphasize the critical importance of integrating this advanced technology into healthcare systems in developing nations to improve treatment outcomes."
8866,brain tumour,38410235,Fusion of NY-ESO-1 epitope with heat shock protein 70 enhances its induced immune responses and antitumor activity against glioma ,"Glioma is the most common tumor originating in the brain and is difficult to cure. New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) is a promising cancer testis antigen (CTA) for tumor immunotherapy, and heat shock proteins (HSPs) can promote the antigen presentation of chaperoned peptides. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of HSP70 and NY-ESO-1 epitope fusion protein for glioma."
8867,brain tumour,38410234,Complement and coagulation cascades are associated with prognosis and the immune microenvironment of lower-grade glioma.,"Abnormal coagulation is a common feature of glioma. There is a strong correlation between coagulation and the complement system, named complement and coagulation cascades (CCC). However, the role of CCC genes in lower-grade glioma (LGG) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of CCC genes in LGG."
8868,brain tumour,38410196,Editorial: Magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRg-LiTT) in the minimally invasive surgical treatment of epilepsy and/or brain neoplasms.,No abstract found
8869,brain tumour,38410174,A Case of Recurrence of Benign Convexity Primary Intraosseous Meningioma.,"Meningiomas originating within the bones of the skull are rare and have been reported as primary intraosseous meningiomas (PIOM). Moreover, PIOMs with a skull base location or malignant pathology are predisposed to recurrence; however, recurrence is quite rare among PIOMs characterized by a convexity location and benign pathology. Here, we present a case of extensive recurrence of a convex intraosseous meningioma with benign pathology. A 72-year-old woman presented with a headache to our hospital. Gd contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enhanced tumor in the left frontal to the parietal region extending through the calvarial bone and invading the subdural space and subcutaneous tissue. Skull radiograph and computed tomography identified a remarkable osteolytic change in the lesion. Macroscopic complete resection (MCR) of the tumor and the surrounding tissues was performed. The tumor was histopathologically diagnosed as a transitional meningioma (World Health Organization grade 1). Seven years after the surgery, the patient presented with dysarthria, and the recurrence of the tumor was identified as massive lesions extending through the calvarial bone to the orbital bone, partially protruding into the brain and scalp. MCR was performed again, with the reconstruction of the skull for an extensive calvarial area using a titanium plate. This case is unique due to the extensiveness of the recurrent tumor and its rarity. Here, we report the details of the clinical course and discuss the characteristics of this case."
8870,brain tumour,38410161,Blunted perception of breathlessness in three cases of low grade insular-glioma.,"Better understanding of breathlessness perception addresses an unmet clinical need for more effective treatments for intractable dyspnoea, a prevalent symptom of multiple medical conditions. The insular-cortex is predominantly activated in brain-imaging studies of dyspnoea, but its precise role remains unclear. We measured experimentally-induced hypercapnic air-hunger in three insular-glioma patients before and after surgical resection. Tests involved one-minute increments in inspired CO"
8871,brain tumour,38409885,Whole-exome sequencing has revealed novel genetic characteristics in intracranial germ cell tumours in the Chinese.,"Intracranial germ cell tumour (IGCT) is a type of rare central nervous system tumour that mainly occurs in children and adolescents, with great variation in its incidence rate and molecular characteristics in patients from different populations. The genetic alterations of IGCT in the Chinese population are still unknown."
8872,brain tumour,38409838,Genistin Represses the Proliferation and Angiogenesis While Accelerating the Apoptosis of Glioma Cells by Modulating the FOXC1-Mediated Wnt Signaling Pathway.,"Glioma is a tumor originating from glial cells and is the most common primary brain tumor. At present, the main treatment methods for glioma include surgical resection and radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but the treatment effect is not very ideal. Genistin (GS) inhibits breast cancer cell growth while promoting apoptosis, but its effect and detailed molecular mechanism on glioma are yet to be defined. In addition, forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) has been found to be involved in the growth, invasion, and angiogenesis processes of glioma cells."
8873,brain tumour,38409729,The Mechanism of Astragaloside IV in NOD-like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 Inflammasome-mediated Pyroptosis after Intracerebral Hemorrhage.,Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most common subtypes of stroke.
8874,brain tumour,38409433,Quantitative and Visual Analysis of Data Augmentation and Hyperparameter Optimization in Deep Learning-Based Segmentation of Low-Grade Glioma Tumors Using Grad-CAM.,"This study executes a quantitative and visual investigation on the effectiveness of data augmentation and hyperparameter optimization on the accuracy of deep learning-based segmentation of LGG tumors. The study employed the MobileNetV2 and ResNet backbones with atrous convolution in DeepLabV3+ structure. The Grad-CAM tool was also used to interpret the effect of augmentation and network optimization on segmentation performance. A wide investigation was performed to optimize the network hyperparameters. In addition, the study examined 35 different models to evaluate different data augmentation techniques. The results of the study indicated that incorporating data augmentation techniques and optimization can improve the performance of segmenting brain LGG tumors up to 10%. Our extensive investigation of the data augmentation techniques indicated that enlargement of data from 90° and 225° rotated data,up to down and left to right flipping are the most effective techniques. MobilenetV2 as the backbone,""Focal Loss"" as the loss function and ""Adam"" as the optimizer showed the superior results. The optimal model (DLG-Net) achieved an overall accuracy of 96.1% with a loss value of 0.006. Specifically, the segmentation performance for Whole Tumor (WT), Tumor Core (TC), and Enhanced Tumor (ET) reached a Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 89.4%, 70.1%, and 49.9%, respectively. Simultaneous visual and quantitative assessment of data augmentation and network optimization can lead to an optimal model with a reasonable performance in segmenting the LGG tumors."
8875,brain tumour,38409393,Structure-activity characteristics of phenylalanine analogs selectively transported by L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1).,"L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is a transmembrane protein responsible for transporting large neutral amino acids. While numerous LAT1-targeted compound delivery for the brain and tumors have been investigated, their LAT1 selectivity often remains ambiguous despite high LAT1 affinity. This study assessed the LAT1 selectivity of phenylalanine (Phe) analogs, focusing on their structure-activity characteristics. We discovered that 2-iodo-L-phenylalanine (2-I-Phe), with an iodine substituent at position 2 in the benzene ring, markedly improves LAT1 affinity and selectivity compared to parent amino acid Phe, albeit at the cost of reduced transport velocity. L-Phenylglycine (Phg), one carbon shorter than Phe, was found to be a substrate for LAT1 with a lower affinity, exhibiting a low level of selectivity for LAT1 equivalent to Phe. Notably, (R)-2-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthoic acid (bicyclic-Phe), with an α-methylene moiety akin to the α-methyl group in α-methyl-L-phenylalanine (α-methyl-Phe), a known LAT1-selective compound, showed similar LAT1 transport maximal velocity to α-methyl-Phe, but with higher LAT1 affinity and selectivity. In vivo studies revealed tumor-specific accumulation of bicyclic-Phe, underscoring the importance of LAT1-selectivity in targeted delivery. These findings emphasize the potential of bicyclic-Phe as a promising LAT1-selective component, providing a basis for the development of LAT1-targeting compounds based on its structural framework."
8876,brain tumour,38409363,Exploring prognostic factors and treatment strategies for long-term survival in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma patients.,"Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXA) are rare, accounting for < 1% of all astrocytomas. Literature on the clinical course and treatment outcomes of PXAs is limited. The study aimed to determine prognosis and treatment strategies for PXAs. Patients who had PXAs surgery between 2000-2021 were retrospectively analyzed for demographics and radiological characteristics. Initial and salvage treatment outcomes were recorded. Overall, 40 and 9 patients had grade 2 and 3 PXAs; their 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 75.8% and 37.0%, respectively (p = 0.003). Univariate analysis revealed that strong T1 enhancement (p = 0.036), infiltrative tumor margins (p < 0.001), peritumoral edema (p = 0.003), WHO grade (p = 0.005), and gross total resection (p = 0.005) affected the PFS. Multivariate analysis revealed that the WHO grade (p = 0.010) and infiltrative tumor margins (p = 0.008) influenced the PFS. The WHO grade (p = 0.027) and infiltrative tumor margins (p = 0.027) also affected the overall survival (OS). Subgroup analysis for grade 2 PXAs revealed no significant associations between adjuvant radiation therapy and the PFS and OS. This study highlighted the heterogeneous nature of PXAs and its impact on patient prognosis. Infiltrative tumor margins emerged as a key prognostic factor. Our findings have emphasized the prognostic relevance of radiological features and the need for larger studies on comprehensive management."
8877,brain tumour,38408896,Development and validation of comprehensive nomograms from the SEER database for predicting early mortality in metastatic rectal cancer patients.,"Metastatic rectal cancer is an incurable malignancy, which is prone to early mortality. We aimed to establish nomograms for predicting the risk of early mortality in patients with metastatic rectal cancer."
8878,brain tumour,38408719,Benefits of rutin on mitochondrial function and inflammation in an aluminum-induced neurotoxicity rat model: Potential interest for the prevention of neurodegeneration.,"Rutin, a phenolic compound, exhibits a diverse range of biological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of rutin, a naturally occurring plant bioactive molecule, to mitigate the neurotoxic effects induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl"
8879,brain tumour,38408701,Clinicopathological Analysis of Densely and Sparsely Granulated Somatotroph Tumors of Pituitary.,"Somatotroph tumors are the second most common type of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors, which can be further classified into 2 subtypes-densely granulated somatotroph tumors (DGSTs) and sparsely granulated somatotroph tumors (SGSTs). The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of the 2 subtypes in a retrospective analysis."
8880,brain tumour,38408388,A custom next-generation sequencing panel for 1p/19q codeletion and mutational analysis in gliomas.,"The World Health Organization has updated their classification system for the diagnosis of gliomas, combining histological features with molecular data including isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and codeletion of chromosomal arms 1p and 19q. 1p/19q codeletion analysis is commonly performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In this study, we developed a 57-gene targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel including 1p/19q codeletion detection mainly to assess diagnosis and potential treatment response in melanoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and glioma patients. Loss of heterozygosity analysis was performed using the NGS method on 37 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded glioma tissues that showed 1p and/or 19q loss determined by FISH. Conventional methods were applied for the validation of some glioma-related gene mutations. In 81.1% (30 of 37) and 94.6% (35 of 37) of cases, 1p and 19q were found to be in agreement whereas concordance for 1p/19q codeletion and no 1p/19q codeletion was found in 94.7% (18 of 19) and 94.4% (17 of 18) of cases, respectively. Overall, comparing NGS results with those of conventional methods showed high concordance. In conclusion, the NGS panel allows reliable analysis of 1p/19q codeletion and mutation at the same time."
8881,brain tumour,38408368,IRGD-modified erythrocyte membrane biomimetic temozolomide nanodots for the treatment of glioblastoma.,"The crossing of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for conventional anticancer drugs is still a big challenge in treating glioma. The biomimetic nanoparticle delivery system has attracted increasing attention and has a promising future for crossing the BBB. Herein, we construct a multifunctional biomimetic nanoplatform using the erythrocyte membrane (EM) with the tumor-penetrating peptide iRGD (CRGDK/RGPD/EC) as a delivery, and the inner core loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide (TMZ). The resulting biomimetic nanoparticle has perfect biocompatibility and stealth ability, which will provide more chances to escape the reticuloendothelial system (RES) entrapment, and increase the opportunity to enter the tumor site. Moreover, the decorated iRGD has been extensively used to actively targeting and deliver therapeutic agents across the BBB into glioma tissue. We show that this biomimetic delivery of TMZ with a diameter of 22 nm efficiently slowed the growth of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and increased the survival rate of the 30 d from 0% to 100%."
8882,brain tumour,38408351,"Fluorescence and immune-cell infiltration of nonneoplastic, postbrachytherapy brain tissue in 5-ALA-guided resection of recurrent anaplastic meningioma: illustrative case.","5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence-guided surgery is a well-established technique for resecting high-grade gliomas. However, its application in meningiomas, especially those previously treated with radiation therapy, remains under investigation."
8883,brain tumour,38408344,Delayed symptomatic cerebral vasospasm following vestibular schwannoma resection: illustrative case.,"Symptomatic cerebral vasospasm following posterior fossa extraaxial tumor resection is a rare phenomenon, with only 13 cases previously reported in the literature. The condition appears similar to vasospasm following supratentorial tumor resection, intraaxial posterior fossa tumor resection, and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The majority of patients were not evaluated for vasospasm prior to symptom onset, leading to a delay in diagnosis."
8884,brain tumour,38408336,"Enlarged tumefactive perivascular, or Virchow-Robin, spaces and hydrocephalus: do we need to treat? Illustrative cases.","Perivascular spaces (PVSs) are spaces in brain parenchyma filled with interstitial fluid surrounding small cerebral vessels. Massive enlargements of PVSs are referred to as ""giant tumefactive perivascular spaces"" (GTPVSs), which can be classified into three types depending on their localization. These lesions are rare, predominantly asymptomatic, and often initially misinterpreted as cystic tumor formations. However, there are several reported cases in which GTPVSs have induced neurological symptoms because of their size, mass effect, and location, ultimately leading to obstructive hydrocephalus necessitating neurosurgical intervention. Presented here are three diverse clinical presentations of GTPVS."
8885,brain tumour,38407606,PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome: Clinical and genetic characterization in pediatric patients.,The aim of this study was to provide a full characterization of a cohort of 11 pediatric patients diagnosed with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS).
8886,brain tumour,38407561,Identification of a novel splice-site WWOX variant with paternal uniparental isodisomy in a patient with infantile epileptic encephalopathy.,"WOREE syndrome is an early infantile epileptic encephalopathy characterized by drug-resistant seizures and severe psychomotor developmental delays. We report a case of a WWOX splice-site mutation with uniparental isodisomy. A 1-year and 7-month-old girl presented with nystagmus and epileptic seizures from early infancy, with no fixation or pursuit of vision. Physical examination revealed small deformities, such as swelling of both cheeks, folded fingers, rocking feet, and scoliosis. Brain imaging revealed slight hypoplasia of the cerebrum. Electroencephalogram showed focal paroxysmal discharges during the interictal phase of seizures. Vitamin B6 and zonisamide were administered for early infantile epileptic encephalopathy; however, the seizures were not relieved. Despite altering the type and dosage of antiepileptic drugs and ACTH therapy, the seizures were intractable. Whole-exome analysis revealed the homozygosity of WWOX(NM_016373.4):c.516+1G>A. The WWOX mRNA sequencing using peripheral blood RNA confirmed that exon 5 was homozygously deleted. Based on these results, the patient was diagnosed with WOREE syndrome at 5 months. The WWOX variant found in this study is novel and has never been reported before. WOREE syndrome being extremely rare, further case series and analyses of its pathophysiology are warranted."
8887,brain tumour,38407152,Exploring the experiences of adults adjustment when living with a primary brain tumour.,"Brain tumours are the ninth most common cancer in the UK, and account for 3% of all new cancer cases."
8888,brain tumour,38406943,Survival Of Patients With Brain Metastases After Palliative Whole-Brain Radiotherapy - An Experience From A Single Institute.,"Brain metastases are a common complication of cancer and approximately 20% of cancer patients develop them over time. Presently palliative whole-brain radiotherapy is used as a palliative treatment for brain metastases because of its cost-effectiveness and easy availability, especially in patients with multiple metastases who are not candidates for surgery or Stereotactic radiosurgery. This study aims to determine the survival in patients who have received palliative whole-brain radiotherapy for brain metastases and to evaluate some of the prognostic factors determining survival in patients with brain metastases."
8889,brain tumour,38406912,The Effect Of Physical Therapy Intervention After Cerebellar Resection.,"A variety of diseases, including gait ataxia, lack of coordination, diminished dexterity, and unsteady posture, can be brought on by cerebellar dysfunction. This case study looks into how a physical therapy program affected a 40-year-old patient's dynamic balance after cerebellar tumour surgery. The patient complained of losing his balance and having uncoordinated motions on the left side of the body. The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test was used to gauge how the Frenkel coordination exercises and balance training affected dynamic balance following cerebellar tumour removal. The patient's muscle strength in the left-side hip extensors, abductors and adductors, knee flexors and extensors, as well as the left-side shoulder, elbow, and wrist flexion and extension, significantly improved."
8890,brain tumour,38406898,Significance of ca15-3 in carcinoma of the breast with Visceral metastases.,The most common malignancy and second most common cause of death is breast cancer among women. About 2.09 million fatalities from breast cancer happened in 2018. The objective was to evaluate the elevated CA15-3 in breast cancer patients with visceral metastases presenting at the tertiary care hospital of Karachi.
8891,brain tumour,38406888,Paediatric CBCT protocols for image-guided radiotherapy; outcome of a survey across SIOP Europe affiliated countries and literature review.,Implementation of daily cone-beam CT (CBCT) into clinical practice in paediatric image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) lags behind compared to adults. Surveys report wide variation in practice for paediatric IGRT and technical information remains unreported. In this study we report on technical settings from applied paediatric CBCT protocols and review the literature for paediatric CBCT protocols.
8892,brain tumour,38406851,Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide Alleviates Secondary Brain Damage and Improves Working Memory After Stroke in Cynomolgus Monkeys.,"Remote secondary neurodegeneration is associated with poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) improves PSCI clinically. However, whether it ameliorates PSCI by alleviating secondary neurodegeneration remains uncertain. Nonhuman primates provide more relevant models than rodents for human stroke and PSCI. This study investigated the effects of NBP on PSCI and secondary neurodegeneration in cynomolgus monkeys after permanent left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)."
8893,brain tumour,38406849,Motion-artifact-augmented pseudo-label network for semi-supervised brain tumor segmentation.,"MRI image segmentation is widely used in clinical practice as a prerequisite and a key for diagnosing brain tumors. The quest for an accurate automated segmentation method for brain tumor images, aiming to ease clinical doctors' workload, has gained significant attention as a research focal point. Despite the success of fully supervised methods in brain tumor segmentation, challenges remain. Due to the high cost involved in annotating medical images, the dataset available for training fully supervised methods is very limited. Additionally, medical images are prone to noise and motion artifacts, negatively impacting quality. In this work, we propose MAPSS, a motion-artifact-augmented pseudo-label network for semi-supervised segmentation. Our method combines motion artifact data augmentation with the pseudo-label semi-supervised training framework. We conduct several experiments under different semi-supervised settings on a publicly available dataset BraTS2020 for brain tumor segmentation. The experimental results show that MAPSS achieves accurate brain tumor segmentation with only a small amount of labeled data and maintains robustness in motion-artifact-influenced images. We also assess the generalization performance of MAPSS using the Left Atrium dataset. Our algorithm is of great significance for assisting doctors in formulating treatment plans and improving treatment quality."
8894,brain tumour,38406792,Neuroprotective effects of daidzein against ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity in male rats: role of selected inflammatory and apoptotic markers.,"Ifosfamide (IFO), an alkylating chemotherapy agent, is known for its association with neurotoxicity and encephalopathy. This trial was designed to evaluate the protective action of daidzein (DZN) against IFO-induced neurotoxicity in male rats by determining the difference in certain inflammatory and apoptotic markers in the brain tissue of rats. Twenty-eight Wistar rats, weighing 120-150 g, were divided into four groups of seven rats: Group 1 (Control) received no treatment; Group 2 was orally administered DZN (100 mg/kg/day) for seven days; Group 3 received a single intraperitoneal (IP) dose of IFO (500 mg/kg); Group 4 received oral DZN (100 mg/kg/day) for one week prior to a single IP dose of IFO on the seventh day. Twenty-four hours post-treatment, serum and brain tissue samples were collected for analysis. The results indicated a significant increase in serum inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha, IL-6, and iNOS) and the anti-inflammatory marker (IL-10), along with elevated caspase-3 enzyme activity in the brain tissue of the IFO-treated group compared to the control group. Conversely, pre-treatment with DZN significantly reduced serum inflammatory markers and caspase-3 levels in tissue. The findings suggest that daidzein has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, potentially offering protection against IFO-induced neurotoxicity in rats."
8895,brain tumour,38406073,Giant Cell Tumor of the Frontal Bone: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature.,"Giant cell tumors (GCTs), typically benign, predominantly manifest in individuals aged 20-40, with the most common locations being the metaphysis or epiphysis of the femur or tibia. Infrequently, they may occur in the skull. Despite their benign nature, these tumors can exhibit aggressive behavior and have the potential to metastasize. In the case at hand, a 20-year-old female presented to the hospital with a progressively enlarging right frontal swelling over the preceding months. The patient reported intermittent headaches, alleviated by analgesics, and exhibited a normal neurological examination along with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15 out of 15. Imaging revealed an expansive soft tissue mass in the right frontal bone involving both inner and outer tables. Surgical intervention was pursued through a right frontal incision followed by tumor excision. Histopathological examination of the specimen confirmed the presence of a GCT. The limited existing literature on this topic highlights the need for further research and insights into effective strategies. This case contributes to addressing this gap in knowledge, offering valuable information to enhance our understanding of the challenges associated with similar rare cases and improve patient outcomes."
8896,brain tumour,38405839,Repurposing mebendazole against triple-negative breast cancer leptomeningeal disease.,"Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype that often metastasizes to the brain. Leptomeningeal disease (LMD), a devastating brain metastasis common in TNBC, has limited treatment options. We sought to test whether the common anti-helminthic drug mebendazole (MBZ) may be effective against murine TNBC LMD."
8897,brain tumour,38405310,Advancing Beyond the Hippocampus to Preserve Cognition for Patients With Brain Metastases: Dosimetric Results From a Phase 2 Trial of Memory-Avoidance Whole Brain Radiation Therapy.,"Recent advances to preserve neurocognitive function in patients treated for brain metastases include stereotactic radiosurgery, hippocampal avoidance whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), and memantine administration. The hippocampus, corpus callosum, fornix, and amygdala are key neurocognitive substructures with a low propensity for brain metastases. Herein, we report our preliminary experience using a ""memory-avoidance"" WBRT (MA-WBRT) approach that spares these substructures for patients with >15 brain metastases."
8898,brain tumour,38405202,Unsupervised machine learning models reveal predictive clinical markers of glioblastoma patient survival using white blood cell counts prior to initiating chemoradiation.,"Glioblastoma is a malignant brain tumor requiring careful clinical monitoring even after primary management. Personalized medicine has suggested the use of various molecular biomarkers as predictors of patient prognosis or factors utilized for clinical decision-making. However, the accessibility of such molecular testing poses a constraint for various institutes requiring identification of low-cost predictive biomarkers to ensure equitable care."
8899,brain tumour,38405180,Bulk RNA sequencing reveals the comprehensive genetic characteristics of human cord blood-derived natural killer cells.,"Innate immune cells are important in tumor immunotherapy. Natural killer cells (NKCs) are also categorized as innate immune cells and can control tumor growth and metastatic spread. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. NKC-based immunotherapy is a promising treatment strategy against GBM. We previously reported a feeder-free expansion system that yielded large-scale highly purified and cytotoxic NKCs derived from human cord blood (CB). In the present study, we performed comprehensive genomic analyses of NKCs generated from human CB (CBNKCs) as compared those from human peripheral blood (PB) (PBNKCs)."
8900,brain tumour,38405130,METTL3-Mediated LINC00475 Alternative Splicing Promotes Glioma Progression by Inducing Mitochondrial Fission.,"Mitochondrial fission promotes glioma progression. The function and regulation mechanisms of lncRNAs in glioma mitochondrial fission are unclear. The expression of LINC00475 and its correlation with clinical parameters in glioma were analyzed using bioinformatics. Then, in vitro and in vivo assays were performed to explore the function of spliced variant LINC00475 (LINC00475-S) in gliomas. To explore the mechanisms, RNA-seq, MeRIP, RIP, pulldown-IP, dCas9-ALKBH5 editing system, LC/MS, and Western blotting were utilized. LINC00475 was confirmed to be overexpressed and with higher frequencies of AS events in gliomas compared to normal brain tissue and was associated with worse prognosis. In vitro and animal tumor formation experiments demonstrated that the effect of LINC00475-S on proliferation, metastasis, autophagy, and mitochondrial fission of glioma cells was significantly stronger than that of LINC00475. Mechanistically, METTL3 induced the generation of LINC00475-S by splicing LINC00475 through m6A modification and subsequently promotes mitochondrial fission in glioma cells by inhibiting the expression of MIF. Pull-down combined LC/MS and RIP assays identified that the m6A recognition protein HNRNPH1 bound to LINC00475 within GYR and GY domains and promoted LINC00475 splicing. METTL3 facilitated HNRNPH1 binding to LINC00475 in an m6A-dependent manner, thereby inducing generation of LINC00475-S. METTL3 facilitated HNRNPH1-mediated AS of LINC00475, which promoted glioma progression by inducing mitochondrial fission. Targeting AS of LINC00475 and m6A editing could serve as a therapeutic strategy against gliomas."
8901,brain tumour,38404687,PBX1: a TALE of two seasons-key roles during development and in cancer.,"Pre-B cell leukemia factor 1 (PBX1) is a Three Aminoacid Loop Extension (TALE) homeodomain-containing transcription factor playing crucial roles in organ pattering during embryogenesis, through the formation of nuclear complexes with other TALE class and/or homeobox proteins to regulate target genes. Its contribution to the development of several organs has been elucidated mainly through the study of murine knockout models. A crucial role for human development has been recently highlighted through the discovery of different "
8902,brain tumour,38404571,MGMT unmethylation and high levels of CD47 and TIGIT indicate a poor prognosis in adult diffuse gliomas.,"In 2021, the World Health Organization published a new classification system for central nervous system tumors. This study reclassified the adult diffuse glioma (ADG) into astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and glioblastoma (GBM) according to the new tumor classification."
8903,brain tumour,38404404,Diffuse Leptomeningeal Glioneuronal Tumor in Adults: Case Report and Literature Review.,"Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT), a new addition to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, is a rare childhood neoplasm presenting with disseminated leptomeningeal enhancement and an occasional intraparenchymal mass. Diagnosis is often impeded by infectious/immunological differentials, necessitating a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. We report an adult male with DLGNT without hydrocephalus, which is rare in patients with cerebellar masses."
8904,brain tumour,38404346,Phase unwrapping for MHz optical coherence elastography and application to brain tumor tissue.,"During neuro-oncologic surgery, phase-sensitive optical coherence elastography (OCE) can be valuable for distinguishing between healthy and diseased tissue. However, the phase unwrapping process required to retrieve the original phase signal is a challenging and critical task. To address this issue, we demonstrate a one-dimensional unwrapping algorithm that recovers the phase signal from a 3.2 MHz OCE system. With a processing time of approximately 0.11 s per frame on the GPU, multiple 2π wraps are detected and corrected. By utilizing this approach, exact and reproducible information on tissue deformation can be obtained with pixel accuracy over the entire acquisition time. Measurements of brain tumor-mimicking phantoms and human "
8905,brain tumour,38404304,Exploring the impedance-matching effect in terahertz reflection imaging of skin tissue.,"Terahertz (THz) electromagnetic waves, known for their unique response to water, offer promising opportunities for next-generation biomedical diagnostics and novel cancer therapy technologies. This study investigated the impedance-matching effect, which enhances the efficiency of THz wave delivery into tissues and compensates for the signal distortion induced by the refractive index mismatch between the target and the sample substrate. Three candidate biocompatible materials, water, glycerol, and petroleum jelly were applied to a skin phantom and compared using THz two-dimensional imaging and time-of-flight imaging methods. Finally, we successfully demonstrated impedance-matching effect on mouse skin tissues."
8906,brain tumour,38403965,Ictal Asystole During Focal Seizures Due to Left Occipital Glioneuronal Tumor: A Report of Case Treated With Cardiac Neuromodulation.,"Ictal asystole (IA) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of focal epilepsy. The sudden onset of loss of consciousness and drop attacks in a patient with chronic epilepsy should suggest the possibility of this complication. Once the diagnosis is established, rapid management should be considered, especially in high-risk cases. The approach does not differ between temporal and extratemporal lobe epilepsies. Strategies can be aimed at preventing the emergence of cortical epileptic activity from the beginning (surgery, antiseizure therapy), neutralizing negative chronotropic effects on the heart (cardiac neuromodulation), or restarting the heart rhythm with a pacemaker. Pacemaker implantation is not a completely complication-free treatment, and living with a device that requires care and follow-up throughout life makes alternative treatment methods more valid for young patients with many years to live or cases that could benefit from surgery. In this article, we present a patient with a left occipital glioneuronal tumor and drug-resistant occipital lobe epilepsy. IA was documented by long-term video EEG monitoring (VEM). During about 2 years of follow-up after a cardiac neuromodulation procedure, there were no drop attacks or asystole with seizures, confirmed by long-term VEM."
8907,brain tumour,38403664,Natural history and neuro-oncological approach in spinal gangliogliomas: a systematic review.,"To describe the natural history of spinal gangliogliomas (GG) in order to determine the most appropriate neuro-oncological management. A Medline search for relevant publications up to July 2023 using the key phrase ""ganglioglioma spinal"" and ""ganglioglioma posterior fossa"" led to the retrieval of 178 studies. This corpus provided the basis for the present review. As an initial selection step, the following inclusion criteria were adopted: (i) series and case reports on spinal GG; (ii) clinical outcomes were reported specifically for GG; (iii) GG was the only pathological diagnosis for the evaluation of the tumor; (iv) papers written only in English was evaluated; and (v) papers describing each case in the series were included. The World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 grading criteria for gangliogliomas were applied. A total of 107 tumors were evaluated (63 from male patients and 44 from female patients; 1.43 male/1.0 female ratio, mean age 18.34 ± 15.84 years). The most common site was the cervical spine, accounting for 43 cases (40.18%); GTR was performed in 35 cases (32.71%) and STR in 71 cases (66.35%), while this information was not reported in 1 case (0.94%). 8 deaths were reported (7.47%) involving 2 males (25%) and 6 females (75%) aged 4-78 years (mean 34.27 ± 18.22) years. GGs located on the spine displayed the same gender ratio as these tumors in general. The most frequent symptom was pain and motor impairment, while the most prevalent location was the cervical spinal cord. GTR of the tumor posed a challenge for neurosurgeons, due to the difficulty of resecting the lesion without damaging the spinal eloquent area, explaining the lower rate of cure for this tumor type."
8908,brain tumour,38403632,Radiomics for residual tumour detection and prognosis in newly diagnosed glioblastoma based on postoperative [,"Personalized treatment strategies based on non-invasive biomarkers have potential to improve patient management in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). The residual tumour burden after surgery in GBM patients is a prognostic imaging biomarker. However, in clinical patient management, its assessment is a manual and time-consuming process that is at risk of inter-rater variability. Furthermore, the prediction of patient outcome prior to radiotherapy may identify patient subgroups that could benefit from escalated radiotherapy doses. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the capabilities of traditional radiomics and 3D convolutional neural networks for automatic detection of the residual tumour status and to prognosticate time-to-recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS) in GBM using postoperative ["
8909,brain tumour,38403597,A multi-class brain tumor grading system based on histopathological images using a hybrid YOLO and RESNET networks.,"Gliomas are primary brain tumors caused by glial cells. These cancers' classification and grading are crucial for prognosis and treatment planning. Deep learning (DL) can potentially improve the digital pathology investigation of brain tumors. In this paper, we developed a technique for visualizing a predictive tumor grading model on histopathology pictures to help guide doctors by emphasizing characteristics and heterogeneity in forecasts. The proposed technique is a hybrid model based on YOLOv5 and ResNet50. The function of YOLOv5 is to localize and classify the tumor in large histopathological whole slide images (WSIs). The suggested technique incorporates ResNet into the feature extraction of the YOLOv5 framework, and the detection results show that our hybrid network is effective for identifying brain tumors from histopathological images. Next, we estimate the glioma grades using the extreme gradient boosting classifier. The high-dimensional characteristics and nonlinear interactions present in histopathology images are well-handled by this classifier. DL techniques have been used in previous computer-aided diagnosis systems for brain tumor diagnosis. However, by combining the YOLOv5 and ResNet50 architectures into a hybrid model specifically designed for accurate tumor localization and predictive grading within histopathological WSIs, our study presents a new approach that advances the field. By utilizing the advantages of both models, this creative integration goes beyond traditional techniques to produce improved tumor localization accuracy and thorough feature extraction. Additionally, our method ensures stable training dynamics and strong model performance by integrating ResNet50 into the YOLOv5 framework, addressing concerns about gradient explosion. The proposed technique is tested using the cancer genome atlas dataset. During the experiments, our model outperforms the other standard ways on the same dataset. Our results indicate that the proposed hybrid model substantially impacts tumor subtype discrimination between low-grade glioma (LGG) II and LGG III. With 97.2% of accuracy, 97.8% of precision, 98.6% of sensitivity, and the Dice similarity coefficient of 97%, the proposed model performs well in classifying four grades. These results outperform current approaches for identifying LGG from high-grade glioma and provide competitive performance in classifying four categories of glioma in the literature."
8910,brain tumour,38403546,KRIT1 could serve as a prognostic biomarker for glioma patients.,No abstract found
8911,brain tumour,38403542,TSPAN6 could serve as a prognostic biomarker for patients with glioma.,No abstract found
8912,brain tumour,38403492,Surgical outcomes in patients with acromegaly: Microscopic vs. endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery.,"Transsphenoidal resection of growth hormone-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumors remains the first-line treatment for acromegaly. This can be performed through microsurgery or endoscopic surgery. For the past decades, endoscopic surgery has become the preferred technique in an increasing number of centers worldwide. However, whether it offers superior clinical outcomes has yet to be determined. In this paper, we performed a narrative review of the literature comparing both techniques in the treatment of acromegaly. We critically assessed available comparative studies from an objective perspective to determine their suitability for defining superiority of either technique. Available evidence displays substantial methodological variations and reports conflicting findings. Although endoscopic surgery provides a wider exposure and enhanced visibility of the surgical field, this does not consistently translate into better clinical outcomes, as most tumors are equally accessible through both techniques. Postoperative outcomes such as remission and complication rates are similar between both techniques. The management of acromegaly should be performed by experienced pituitary neurosurgeons, regardless of the approach. The involvement of a multidisciplinary team in a dedicated pituitary center is critical to ensure optimal outcomes."
8913,brain tumour,38403353,[Effect of Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula on intestinal flora and short-chain fatty acid metabolism in rats with diabetes mellitus complicated with depression].,"This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula(ZJJ) on the intestinal flora, short chain fatty acids(SCFAs), and neuroinflammation in rats with diabetes mellitus complicated depression(DD). The DD model was established in rats and model rats were randomly divided into a model group, a positive drug(metformin + fluoxetine) group, a ZJJ low-dose group, and a ZJJ high-dose group, with eight rats in each group. Another eight rats were assigned to the blank group. Subsequently, depressive-like behavior test was conducted on the rats, and cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected to measure pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)]. Blood serum samples were collected to measure proteins related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis(HPA axis), including corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH), and cortisol(CORT), as well as glucose metabolism. Gut contents were collected from each group for 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of intestinal flora and SCFAs sequencing. The results indicated that ZJJ not only improved glucose metabolism in DD rats(P&lt;0.01) but also alleviated depressive-like behavior(P&lt;0.05) and HPA axis hyperactivity(P&lt;0.05 or P&lt;0.01). Besides, it also improved the neuroinflammatory response in the brain, as evidenced by a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid(P&lt;0.05 or P&lt;0.01). Additionally, ZJJ improved the intestinal flora, causing the intestinal flora in DD rats to resemble that of the blank group, characterized by an increased Firmicutes abundance. ZJJ significantly increased the levels of SCFAs(acetic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid)(P&lt;0.01). Therefore, it is deduced that ZJJ can effectively ameliorate intestinal flora dysbiosis, regulate SCFAs, and thereby improve both glucose metabolism disturbances and depressive-like behavior in DD."
8914,brain tumour,38403091,Biomimetic nanotechnology for cancer immunotherapy: State of the art and future perspective.,"Cancer continues to be a significant worldwide cause of mortality. This underscores the urgent need for novel strategies to complement and overcome the limitations of conventional therapies, such as imprecise targeting and drug resistance. Cancer Immunotherapy utilizes the body's immune system to target malignant cells, reducing harm to healthy tissue. Nevertheless, the efficacy of immunotherapy exhibits variation across individuals and has the potential to induce autoimmune responses. Biomimetic nanoparticles (bNPs) have transformative potential in cancer immunotherapy, promising improved accurate targeting, immune system activation, and resistance mechanisms, while also reducing the occurrence of systemic autoimmune side effects. This integration offers opportunities for personalized medicine and better therapeutic outcomes. Despite considerable potential, bNPs face barriers like insufficient targeting, restricted biological stability, and interactions within the tumor microenvironment. The resolution of these concerns is crucial in order to expedite the integration of bNPs from the research setting into clinical therapeutic uses. In addition, optimizing manufacturing processes and reducing bNP-related costs are essential for practical implementation. The present research introduces comprehensive classifications of bNPs as well as recent achievements in their application in cancer immunotherapies, emphasizing the need to address barriers for swift clinical integration."
8915,brain tumour,38402853,Long-term experience with tepotinib in Japanese patients with MET exon 14 skipping NSCLC from the Phase II VISION study.,"Tepotinib is a highly selective MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that has demonstrated robust and durable clinical activity in patients with MET exon 14 (METex14) skipping non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the Phase II VISION study, patients received oral tepotinib 500 mg once daily. The primary endpoint was an objective response by an independent review committee (IRC) according to RECIST v1.1 criteria. The secondary endpoints included duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Here we report the analysis of the efficacy and safety of tepotinib in all Japanese patients with advanced METex14 skipping NSCLC from VISION (n = 38) with >18 months' follow-up. The median age of the Japanese patients was 73 years (range 63-88), 39.5% of patients were ≥75 years old, 68.4% were male, 55.3% had a history of smoking, 76.3% had adenocarcinoma, and 10.5% of patients had known brain metastases at baseline. Overall, the objective response rate (ORR) was 60.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 43.4, 76.0) with a median DOR of 18.5 months (95% CI: 8.3, not estimable). ORR in treatment-naïve patients (n = 18) was 77.8% (95% CI: 52.4, 93.6), and in patients aged ≥75 years (n = 15), ORR was 73.3% (95% CI: 44.9, 92.2). The most common treatment-related adverse event (AE) with any grade was blood creatinine increase (65.8%), which resolved following tepotinib discontinuation. Other common treatment-related AEs were peripheral edema (60.5%), hypoalbuminemia (34.2%), diarrhea (28.9%), and nausea (15.8%). In summary, tepotinib demonstrated robust and durable clinical activity irrespective of age or therapy line, with a manageable safety profile in Japanese patients with METex14 skipping NSCLC enrolled in VISION."
8916,brain tumour,38402722,Comprehensive genomic and clinical analyses identify APOBEC mutational signatures as a brain metastasis risk factor in lung adenocarcinoma patients.,"Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common source of brain metastasis (BM), resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to identify patients with high BM risk who possibly benefit from brain-penetrant drugs, prophylactic cranial irradiation, or close brain magnetic resonance imaging surveillance."
8917,brain tumour,38402370,Implantable theranostic device for in vivo real-time NMR evaluation of drug impact in brain tumors.,"The evaluation of the efficacy of a drug is a fundamental step in the development of new treatments or in personalized therapeutic strategies and patient management. Ideally, this evaluation should be rapid, possibly in real time, easy to perform and reliable. In addition, it should be associated with as few adverse effects as possible for the patient. In this study, we present a device designed to meet these goals for assessing therapeutic response. This theranostic device is based on the use of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy for the diagnostic aspect and on the application of the convection-enhanced delivery technique for the therapeutic aspect. The miniaturized device is implantable and can be used in vivo in a target tissue. In this study, the device was applied to rodent glioma models with local administration of choline kinase inhibitor and acquisition of magnetic resonance images and spectra at 7 Tesla. The variations in the concentration of key metabolites measured by the device during the administration of the molecules demonstrate the relevance of the approach and the potential of the device."
8918,brain tumour,38402088,Re: peritumoural MRI radiomics signature of brain metastases can predict epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status in lung adenocarcinoma.,No abstract found
8919,brain tumour,38402087,Sub-region based radiomics analysis for prediction of isocitrate dehydrogenase and telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations in diffuse gliomas.,"To enhance the prediction of mutation status of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter, which are crucial for glioma prognostication and therapeutic decision-making, via sub-regional radiomics analysis based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)."
8920,brain tumour,38401979,Toward Clinical-Grade Evaluation of Large Language Models.,No abstract found
8921,brain tumour,38401806,Mediating effect of inflammation on the relationship between sleep disruption and suicidal ideation in major depressive disorder.,"Sleep disruption, particularly insomnia, is a notable characteristic of depression and is associated with an increased risk of suicide in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). Moreover, the pathophysiology of depression and suicide has been linked to inflammation, specifically proinflammatory cytokines. However, the complex interplay among these factors in individuals with MDD remains poorly understood. This study investigated the mediating role of inflammatory cytokines in the relationship between sleep disruption and suicidal ideation (SI), with a particular emphasis on gender differences."
8922,brain tumour,38401755,Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Resection of Cystic Third Ventricular Craniopharyngioma with Cystocisternal Fenestration.,"Cystic craniopharyngiomas of the third ventricle can be challenging to treat because complete resection of the cyst wall can be associated with hypothalamic dysfunction and minimal rostral displacement of the optic chiasm leads to a small endonasal operative corridor. Various methods to overcome the frequent recurrences have been described, such as intracystic bleomycin or catheter placement, with mixed results."
8923,brain tumour,38401754,Axial Sections of Brainstem Safe Entry Zones and Clinical Importance of Intrinsic Structures: A Review.,"Brainstem surgery is more difficult and riskier than surgeries in other parts of the brain due to the high density of critical tracts and cranial nerves nuclei in this region. For this reason, some safe entry zones into the brainstem have been described. The main purpose of this article is to bring on the agenda the significance of the intrinsic structures of the safe entry zones to the brainstem. Having detailed information about anatomic localization of these sensitive structures is important to predict and avoid possible surgical complications. In order to better understand this complex anatomy, we schematically drew the axial sections of the brainstem showing the intrinsic structures at the level of 9 safe entry zones that we used, taking into account basic neuroanatomy books and atlases. Some illustrations are also supported with intraoperative pictures to provide better surgical orientation. The second purpose is to remind surgeons of clinical syndromes that may occur in case of surgical injury to these delicate structures. Advanced techniques such as tractography, neuronavigation, and neuromonitorization should be used in brainstem surgery, but detailed neuroanatomic knowledge about safe entry zones and a meticulous surgery are more important. The axial brainstem sections we have drawn can help young neurosurgeons better understand this complex anatomy."
8924,brain tumour,38401687,"ICBP90, an epigenetic regulator, induces DKK3 promoter methylation, promotes glioma progression, and reduces sensitivity to cis-platinum.","Glioma is the most common brain malignancy, characterized by high morbidity, high mortality, and treatment-resistance. Inverted CCAAT box Binding Protein of 90 kDa (ICBP90) has been reported to be involved in tumor progression and the maintenance of DNA methylation. Herein, we constructed ICBP90 over-expression and knockdown glioma cell lines, and found that ICBP90 knockdown inhibited glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. ICBP90 silencing potentially enhanced cellular sensitivity to cis-platinum (DDP) and exacerbated DDP-induced pyroptosis, manifested by the elevated levels of gasdermin D-N-terminal and cleaved caspase 1; whereas, ICBP90 over-expression exhibited the opposite effects. Consistently, ICBP90 knockdown inhibited tumor growth in an in vivo mouse xenograft study using U251 cells stably expressing sh-ICBP90 and oe-ICBP90. Further experiments found that ICBP90 reduced the expression of Dickkopf 3 homolog (DKK3), a negative regulator of β-catenin, by binding its promoter and inducing DNA methylation. ICBP90 knockdown prevented the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and suppressed the expression of c-Myc and cyclin D1. Besides, DKK3 over-expression restored the effects of ICBP90 over-expression on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and DDP sensitivity. Our findings suggest that ICBP90 inhibits the expression of DKK3 in glioma by maintaining DKK3 promoter methylation, thereby conducing to ICBP90-mediated carcinogenesis and drug insensitivity."
8925,brain tumour,38401077,Impact of Vitamin C on Inflammatory Response and Myocardial Injury in Sepsis Patients.,"Amidst the complexities of sepsis-induced inflammatory responses and myocardial injury, this study investigates the therapeutic potential of vitamin C in mitigating sepsis complications. The findings offer crucial insights into the prospective use of vitamin C, shaping future strategies for enhanced patient care."
8926,brain tumour,38401068,Evidence-Based Nursing Interventions in Care of Heart-failure Patients With Concurrent Tumors.,"In clinical practice, heart failure with concurrent tumors is relatively rare, and surgical intervention is the primary treatment. However, most patients have poor physical function and metabolic capacity, making them less tolerant of surgical trauma. Strengthening perioperative nursing care is therefore particularly important."
8927,brain tumour,38401066,Clinical Characteristics of Childhood-Onset Craniopharyngioma.,"Craniopharyngioma (CP) is an intracranial congenital epithelial tumor that can occur at any age. CP tumors are histologically benign (WHO grade I), and childhood‑onset CP (CO-CP) patients have a high rate of survival. The major concern for CO-CP patients is delayed diagnosis. Delayed diagnosis can further lead to serious adverse consequences such as acute and chronic complications, thereby endangering the life of the patient.We evaluated the early-stage clinical characteristics of CO-CP patients to provide clues for making rapid and accurate diagnoses."
8928,brain tumour,38401021,Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Improves Chronic Ischemic Hippocampal Damage Associated with Suppression of IRE1α/TRAF2/ASK1/JNK-Dependent Apoptosis.,"Chronic cerebral ischemia is a complex form of stress, of which the most common hemodynamic characteristic is chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Lasting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can drive neurological disorders. Targeting ER stress shows potential neuroprotective effects against stroke. However, the role of ER stress in CCH pathological processes and the effects of targeting ER stress on brain ischemia are unclear. Here, a CCH rat model was established by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Rats were treated with 4-PBA, URB597, or both for 4 weeks. Neuronal morphological damage was detected using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The expression levels of the ER stress-ASK1 cascade-related proteins GRP78, IRE1α, TRAF2, CHOP, Caspase-12, ASK1, p-ASK1, JNK, and p-JNK were assessed by Western blot. The mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS were assessed by RT-PCR. For oxygen-glucose deprivation experiments, mouse hippocampal HT22 neurons were used. Apoptosis of the hippocampus and HT22 cells was detected by TUNEL staining and Annexin V-FITC analysis, respectively. CCH evoked ER stress with increased expression of GRP78, IRE1α, TRAF2, CHOP, and Caspase-12. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed the interaction between TRAF2 and ASK1. ASK1/JNK signaling, inflammatory cytokines, and neuronal apoptosis were enhanced, accompanied by persistent ER stress; these were reversed by 4-PBA and URB597. Furthermore, the ASK1 inhibitor GS4997 and 4-PBA displayed synergistic anti-apoptotic effects in cells with oxygen-glucose deprivation. In summary, ER stress-induced apoptosis in CCH is associated with the IRE1α/TRAF2/ASK1/JNK signaling pathway. Targeting the ER stress-ASK1 cascade could be a novel therapeutic approach for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases."
8929,brain tumour,38400991,An unusual case of metastatic melanoma in subcutaneous tissue presenting as a solitary cystic mass with fluid levels.,"Malignant melanoma is a common and often aggressive neoplasm of the skin arising from melanocytes. Metastatic melanoma is known for its diverse clinical manifestations, and can present with atypical features prior to diagnosis of the primary lesion, which can pose a diagnostic challenge. We report a rare case of metastatic melanoma in a 67 year-old male who presented with a painless, enlarging mass in the right axilla over a 4 week period. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans revealed a well-defined solitary, cystic appearing lesion in the right axilla with a distinct fluid-fluid level. An ultrasound guided biopsy of the lesion diagnosed a metastatic melanoma. While haemorrhagic distant metastases are a well-recognised complication of malignant melanoma, particularly in the brain and lung, soft tissue metastases presenting with fluid-fluid levels is not well described in the literature. The case highlights the importance of considering the differential of melanoma metastasis when encountered with such a lesion and importance of ultrasound guided biopsy for histopathological confirmation, as the imaging features can mimic that of a haemorrhagic soft tissue sarcoma, the management of which differs substantially from that of melanoma."
8930,brain tumour,38400953,Whole-tumor histogram analysis of postcontrast T1-weighted and apparent diffusion coefficient in predicting the grade and proliferative activity of adult intracranial ependymomas.,To investigate the value of histogram analysis of postcontrast T1-weighted (T1C) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images in predicting the grade and proliferative activity of adult intracranial ependymomas.
8931,brain tumour,38400780,Safety and pharmacokinetics of ONC201 (dordaviprone) administered two consecutive days per week in pediatric patients with H3 K27M-mutant glioma.,This study evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of oral ONC201 administered twice-weekly on consecutive days (D1D2) in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed DIPG and/or recurrent/refractory H3 K27M glioma.
8932,brain tumour,38400610,Autoimmune Movement Disorders Complicating Treatment with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.,"Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) may trigger autoimmune neurological conditions, including movement disorders (MD)."
8933,brain tumour,38399983,Comprehensive Analysis of Soluble Mediator Profiles in Congenital CMV Infection Using an MCMV Model.,"Congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection may cause life-threatening disease and permanent damage to the central nervous system. The mouse model of CMV infection is most commonly used to study mechanisms of infection and pathogenesis. While essential to limit mouse CMV (MCMV) replication, the inflammatory responses, particularly IFNγ and TNFα, cause neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Other soluble mediators of the immune response in most tissues remain largely unexplored. To address this gap, we quantified 48 soluble mediators of the immune response, including 32 cytokines, 10 chemokines, 3 growth factors/regulators, and 3 soluble receptors in the spleen, liver, lungs, and brain at 9 and 14 days postinfection (dpi). Our analysis found 25 induced molecules in the brain at 9 dpi, with an additional 8 showing statistically elevated responses at 14 dpi. Specifically, all analyzed CCL group cytokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL7, and CCL11) were upregulated at 14 dpi in the brain. Furthermore, data revealed differentially regulated analytes across tissues, such as CCL11, CXCL5, and IL-10 in the brain, IL-33/IL-33R in the liver, and VEGF-a and IL-5 in the lungs. Overall, this study provides an overview of the immune dynamics of soluble mediators in congenital CMV."
8934,brain tumour,38399534,Assessment of Radiation Dosage to the Hippocampi during Treatment of Multiple Brain Metastases Using Gamma Knife Therapy.,
8935,brain tumour,38399386,Chitosan-Based Polymeric Nanoparticles as an Efficient Gene Delivery System to Cross Blood Brain Barrier: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations.,"Significant progress has been made in the field of gene therapy, but effective treatments for brain tumors remain challenging due to their complex nature. Current treatment options have limitations, especially due to their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and precisely target cancer cells. Therefore options that are safer, more effective, and capable of specifically targeting cancer cells are urgently required as alternatives. This current study aimed to develop highly biocompatible natural biopolymeric chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) as potential gene delivery vehicles that can cross the BBB and serve as gene or drug delivery vehicles for brain disease therapeutics. The efficiency of the CNPs was evaluated via in vitro transfection of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-tagged plasmid in HEK293-293 and brain cancer MG-U87 cell lines, as well as within in vivo mouse models. The CNPs were prepared via a complex coacervation method, resulting in nanoparticles of approximately 260 nm in size. In vitro cytotoxicity analysis revealed that the CNPs had better cell viability (85%) in U87 cells compared to the chemical transfection reagent (CTR) (72%). Moreover, the transfection efficiency of the CNPs was also higher, as indicated by fluorescent emission microscopy (20.56% vs. 17.79%) and fluorescent-activated cell sorting (53% vs. 27%). In vivo assays using Balb/c mice revealed that the CNPs could efficiently cross the BBB, suggesting their potential as efficient gene delivery vehicles for targeted therapies against brain cancers as well as other brain diseases for which the efficient targeting of a therapeutic load to the brain cells has proven to be a real challenge."
8936,brain tumour,38398694,Investigation of PACAP38 and PAC1 Receptor Expression in Human Retinoblastoma and the Effect of PACAP38 Administration on Human Y-79 Retinoblastoma Cells.,"Retinoblastoma represents the most prevalent malignant neoplasm affecting the eyes in childhood. The clear-cut origin of retinoblastoma has not yet been determined; however, based on experiments, it has been suggested that "
8937,brain tumour,38398592,Synergistic Effects of Temozolomide and Doxorubicin in the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme: Enhancing Efficacy through Combination Therapy.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a grade IV (WHO classification) malignant brain tumor, poses significant challenges in treatment. The current standard treatment involves surgical tumor removal followed by radiation and chemotherapeutic interventions. However, despite these efforts, the median survival for GBM patients remains low. Temozolomide, an alkylating agent capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, is currently the primary drug for GBM treatment. Its efficacy, however, is limited, leading to the exploration of combination treatments. In this study, we have investigated the synergistic effects of combining temozolomide with doxorubicin, a chemotherapeutic agent widely used against various cancers. Our experiments, conducted on both temozolomide-sensitive (U87) and -resistant cells (GBM43 and GBM6), have demonstrated a synergistic inhibition of brain cancer cells with this combination treatment. Notably, the combination enhanced doxorubicin uptake and induced higher apoptosis in temozolomide-resistant GBM43 cells. The significance of our findings lies in the potential application of this combination treatment, even in cases of temozolomide resistance. Despite doxorubicin's inability to cross the blood-brain barrier, our results open avenues for alternative delivery methods, such as conjugation with carriers like albumin or local administration at the surgical site through a hydrogel application system. Our study suggests that the synergistic interaction between temozolomide and doxorubicin holds promise for enhancing the efficacy of glioblastoma treatment. The positive outcomes observed in our experiments provide confidence in considering this strategy for the benefit of patients with glioblastoma."
8938,brain tumour,38398421,Diabetes Mellitus Should Be Considered While Analysing Sarcopenia-Related Biomarkers.,"Sarcopenia is a chronic, progressive skeletal muscle disease characterised by low muscle strength and quantity or quality, leading to low physical performance. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are more at risk of sarcopenia than euglycemic individuals. Because of several shared pathways between the two diseases, sarcopenia is also a risk factor for developing T2DM in older patients. Various biomarkers are under investigation as potentially valuable for sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Biomarkers related to sarcopenia can be divided into markers evaluating musculoskeletal status (biomarkers specific to muscle mass, markers of the neuromuscular junction, or myokines) and markers assuming causal factors (adipokines, hormones, and inflammatory markers). This paper reviews the current knowledge about how diabetes and T2DM complications affect potential sarcopenia biomarker concentrations. This review includes markers recently proposed by the expert group of the European Society for the Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) as those that may currently be useful in phase II and III clinical trials of sarcopenia: myostatin (MSTN); follistatin (FST); irisin; brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF); procollagen type III N-terminal peptide (PIIINP; P3NP); sarcopenia index (serum creatinine to serum cystatin C ratio); adiponectin; leptin; insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1); dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS); C-reactive protein (CRP); interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). A better understanding of factors influencing these biomarkers' levels, including diabetes and diabetic complications, may lead to designing future studies and implementing results in clinical practice."
8939,brain tumour,38398214,"Exosomes in Glioma: Unraveling Their Roles in Progression, Diagnosis, and Therapy.","Gliomas, the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumors, present a challenging prognosis even after undergoing surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells, play a pivotal role in glioma progression and contribute to resistance against chemotherapy and radiotherapy by facilitating the transportation of biological molecules and promoting intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, exosomes exhibit the remarkable ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier, positioning them as potent carriers for therapeutic delivery. These attributes hold promise for enhancing glioma diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in exosome research within the realm of tumors. In this article, we primarily focus on elucidating the role of exosomes in glioma development, highlighting the latest breakthroughs in therapeutic and diagnostic approaches, and outlining prospective directions for future research."
8940,brain tumour,38398205,Transduction Efficiency of Zika Virus E Protein Pseudotyped HIV-1,"The development of new tools against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive and common cancer originating in the brain, remains of utmost importance. Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are among the tools of future concepts, and pseudotyping offers the possibility of tailoring LVs to efficiently transduce and inactivate GBM tumor cells. Zika virus (ZIKV) has a specificity for GBM cells, leaving healthy brain cells unharmed, which makes it a prime candidate for the development of LVs with a ZIKV coat. Here, primary GBM cell cultures were transduced with different LVs encased with ZIKV envelope variants. LVs were generated by using the pNL"
8941,brain tumour,38398183,The Immunomodulatory Effects of Fluorescein-Mediated Sonodynamic Treatment Lead to Systemic and Intratumoral Depletion of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in a Preclinical Malignant Glioma Model.,"Fluorescein-mediated sonodynamic therapy (FL-SDT) is an extremely promising approach for glioma treatment, resulting from the combination of low-intensity focused ultrasound (FUS) with a sonosensitizer. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy and immunomodulation of SDT with fluorescein as the sonosensitizer in immunocompetent GL261 glioma mice for the first time. In vitro studies demonstrated that the exposure of GL261 cells to FL-SDT induced immunogenic cell death and relevant upregulation of MHC class I, CD80 and CD86 expression. In vivo studies were then performed to treat GL261 glioma-bearing mice with FL-SDT, fluorescein alone, or FUS alone. Perturbation of the glioma-associated macrophage subset within the immune microenvironment was induced by all the treatments. Notably, a relevant depletion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and concomitant robust infiltration of CD8+ T cells were observed in the SDT-FL-treated mice, resulting in a significant radiological delay in glioma progression and a consequent improvement in survival. Tumor control and improved survival were also observed in mice treated with FL alone (median survival 41.5 days, "
8942,brain tumour,38398172,Ocular Motor Cranial Nerve Palsies and Increased Risk of Primary Malignant Brain Tumors: South Korean National Health Insurance Data.,"The aim of this study was to investigate the association between ocular motor cranial nerve palsies (OMCNP) and the occurrence of primary malignant brain tumors in a Korean population, using the national sample cohort database from Korea National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS). KNHIS data between 2010 and 2017 were analyzed. Our sample encompassed 118,686 participants, including 19,781 from a recently diagnosed OMCNP cohort and 98,905 from a matched control cohort through a 1:5 propensity score matching based on age and gender. To counteract the issue of reverse causation, we integrated a one-year time lag in our sensitivity analysis. Study participants were followed up until 31 December 2019. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to compute the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for primary malignant brain tumors according to the OMCNP diagnosis. Additionally, we performed a subgroup analysis to discern effects of various factors on the association between OMCNP and primary malignant brain tumors. HR for primary malignant brain tumors was 3.272 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.294 to 4.665) in the OMCNP cohort compared to the control cohort in a fully adjusted model for age, sex, socio-economic status, smoking, drinking, regular physical exercise, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Further subgroup analysis revealed that the risk of primary malignant brain tumors was significantly increased in women with OMCNP compared to men with OMCNP (HR: 5.118 in women vs. 2.441 in men, "
8943,brain tumour,38398141,PathoGraph: An Attention-Based Graph Neural Network Capable of Prognostication Based on CD276 Labelling of Malignant Glioma Cells.,"Computerized methods have been developed that allow quantitative morphological analyses of whole slide images (WSIs), e.g., of immunohistochemical stains. The latter are attractive because they can provide high-resolution data on the distribution of proteins in tissue. However, many immunohistochemical results are complex because the protein of interest occurs in multiple locations (in different cells and also extracellularly). We have recently established an artificial intelligence framework, PathoFusion which utilises a bifocal convolutional neural network (BCNN) model for detecting and counting arbitrarily definable morphological structures. We have now complemented this model by adding an attention-based graph neural network (abGCN) for the advanced analysis and automated interpretation of such data. Classical convolutional neural network (CNN) models suffer from limitations when handling global information. In contrast, our abGCN is capable of creating a graph representation of cellular detail from entire WSIs. This abGCN method combines attention learning with visualisation techniques that pinpoint the location of informative cells and highlight cell-cell interactions. We have analysed cellular labelling for CD276, a protein of great interest in cancer immunology and a potential marker of malignant glioma cells/putative glioma stem cells (GSCs). We are especially interested in the relationship between CD276 expression and prognosis. The graphs permit predicting individual patient survival on the basis of GSC community features. Our experiments lay a foundation for the use of the BCNN-abGCN tool chain in automated diagnostic prognostication using immunohistochemically labelled histological slides, but the method is essentially generic and potentially a widely usable tool in medical research and AI based healthcare applications."
8944,brain tumour,38398118,m,"Glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, is highly invasive and neurologically destructive. The mean survival for glioblastoma patients is approximately 15 months and there is no effective therapy to significantly increase survival times to date. The development of effective therapy including mechanism-based therapies is urgently needed. At a molecular biology level, N6-methyladenine (m"
8945,brain tumour,38398008,"Novel Brain-Penetrant, Small-Molecule Tubulin Destabilizers for the Treatment of Glioblastoma.","Glioblastoma (GB) is the most lethal brain cancer in adults, with a 5-year survival rate of 5%. The standard of care for GB includes maximally safe surgical resection, radiation, and temozolomide (TMZ) therapy, but tumor recurrence is inevitable in most GB patients. Here, we describe the development of a blood-brain barrier (BBB)-penetrant tubulin destabilizer, RGN3067, for the treatment of GB. RGN3067 shows good oral bioavailability and achieves high concentrations in rodent brains after oral dosing (C"
8946,brain tumour,38397977,Current Photodynamic Therapy for Glioma Treatment: An Update.,"Research on the development of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of brain tumors has shown promise in the treatment of this highly aggressive form of brain cancer. Analysis of both in vivo studies and clinical studies shows that photodynamic therapy can provide significant benefits, such as an improved median rate of survival. The use of photodynamic therapy is characterized by relatively few side effects, which is a significant advantage compared to conventional treatment methods such as often-used brain tumor surgery, advanced radiotherapy, and classic chemotherapy. Continued research in this area could bring significant advances, influencing future standards of treatment for this difficult and deadly disease."
8947,brain tumour,38397955,Exosomes-Mediated Signaling Pathway: A New Direction for Treatment of Organ Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.,"Ischemia reperfusion (I/R) is a common pathological process which occurs mostly in organs like the heart, brain, kidney, and lung. The injury caused by I/R gradually becomes one of the main causes of fatal diseases, which is an urgent clinical problem to be solved. Although great progress has been made in therapeutic methods, including surgical, drug, gene therapy, and transplant therapy for I/R injury, the development of effective methods to cure the injury remains a worldwide challenge. In recent years, exosomes have attracted much attention for their important roles in immune response, antigen presentation, cell migration, cell differentiation, and tumor invasion. Meanwhile, exosomes have been shown to have great potential in the treatment of I/R injury in organs. The study of the exosome-mediated signaling pathway can not only help to reveal the mechanism behind exosomes promoting reperfusion injury recovery, but also provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of exosomes. Here, we review the research progress in utilizing various exosomes from different cell types to promote the healing of I/R injury, focusing on the classical signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, Nrf2, PTEN, Wnt, MAPK, toll-like receptor, and AMPK. The results suggest that exosomes regulate these signaling pathways to reduce oxidative stress, regulate immune responses, decrease the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and promote tissue repair, making exosomes a competitive emerging vector for treating I/R damage in organs."
8948,brain tumour,38397870,Action of Curcumin on Glioblastoma Growth: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Animal Model Studies.,"Gliomas are aggressive brain tumors with poor prognosis even after surgical removal and radio-chemotherapy, stressing the urgency to find alternative therapies. Several preclinical studies evaluating the anticancer effect of curcumin in animal models of glioma are reported, but a systematic review with meta-analysis of these studies, considering the different experimental conditions used, has not been made up to this date. A search in different databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SciELO) following the PRISMA statement was conducted during November 2023 to systematically identify articles assessing the effect of curcumin in murine xenograft models of glioma and identified 15 articles, which were subdivided into 24 studies. Tumor volume before and after treatment with curcumin or vehicle was extracted and the efficacy of curcumin was evaluated by performing a random effects meta-analysis of the data. Publication bias and the impact of different experimental conditions on curcumin efficacy were assessed. Treatment with curcumin decreased tumor volume. Comparing curcumin with control groups, the overall weighted standardized difference in means was -2.079 (95% CI: -2.816 to -1.341; "
8949,brain tumour,38397828,Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 Regulates Cellular Stress Responses and Inflammatory Pathways in Chronic Neuroinflammatory Conditions.,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and is one of the neurodegenerative diseases that are caused by neuronal death due to various triggers. Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the development of AD. The neuroinflammatory response is manifested by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α; various chemokines; nitrous oxide; and reactive oxygen species. In this study, we evaluated the relevance of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), which is expressed in the brain cells during the induction of neuroinflammation. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chronic neuroinflammation model and "
8950,brain tumour,38397299,Key Questions on the Long-Term Utility of Methylphenidate in Paediatric Brain Tumour Survivorship: A Retrospective Clinical Case Series.,"Methylphenidate has an established role in the management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and attentional deficit secondary to brain injury. Increasingly, methylphenidate is considered for the attentional deficit in paediatric brain tumour survivors. A small number of studies have explored the benefit of methylphenidate in this population; however, studies are of short duration and do not address the impact of medium to long-term use of methylphenidate on intellectual function. We identified six patients who are survivors of a paediatric brain tumour aged 12-18 years with greater than three years of use of methylphenidate for inclusion in a clinical case series. We used this patient cohort to identify key questions to inform a future long-term cohort study. Linear mixed model and reliable change index analyses were performed on the data. Reliable change index analyses showed benefits to working memory ("
8951,brain tumour,38397186,Spitz Melanocytic Tumors: A Fascinating 75-Year Journey.,"Over the last 75 years, our understanding of Spitz lesions has undergone substantial evolution. Initially considered a specific type of melanoma, the perception has shifted towards recognizing Spitz lesions as a spectrum comprising Spitz nevi, Spitz melanocytomas, and Spitz melanomas. Spitz lesions are known for posing a significant diagnostic challenge regarding the distinction between benign neoplasms displaying atypical traits and melanomas. A comprehensive understanding of their molecular basis and genomic aberrations has significantly improved precision in classifying and diagnosing these challenging lesions. The primary aim of this review is to encapsulate the current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and distinct clinicopathologic characteristics defining this intriguing set of tumors."
8952,brain tumour,38397112,Antitumor Effects of Intravenous Natural Killer Cell Infusion in an Orthotopic Glioblastoma Xenograft Murine Model and Gene Expression Profile Analysis.,"Despite standard multimodality treatment, containing maximum safety resection, temozolomide, radiotherapy, and a tumor-treating field, patients with glioblastoma (GBM) present with a dismal prognosis. Natural killer cell (NKC)-based immunotherapy would play a critical role in GBM treatment. We have previously reported highly activated and ex vivo expanded NK cells derived from human peripheral blood, which exhibited anti-tumor effect against GBM cells. Here, we performed preclinical evaluation of the NK cells using an in vivo orthotopic xenograft model, the U87MG cell-derived brain tumor in NOD/Shi-scid, IL-2RɤKO (NOG) mouse. In the orthotopic xenograft model, the retro-orbital venous injection of NK cells prolonged overall survival of the NOG mouse, indirectly indicating the growth-inhibition effect of NK cells. In addition, we comprehensively summarized the differentially expressed genes, especially focusing on the expression of the NKC-activating receptors' ligands, inhibitory receptors' ligands, chemokines, and chemokine receptors, between murine brain tumor treated with NKCs and with no agents, by using microarray. Furthermore, we also performed differentially expressed gene analysis between an internal and external brain tumor in the orthotopic xenograft model. Our findings could provide pivotal information for the NK-cell-based immunotherapy for patients with GBM."
8953,brain tumour,38396995,CSDE1 Intracellular Distribution as a Biomarker of Melanoma Prognosis.,"RNA-binding proteins are emerging as critical modulators of oncogenic cell transformation, malignancy and therapy resistance. We have previously found that the RNA-binding protein Cold Shock Domain containing protein E1 (CSDE1) promotes invasion and metastasis of melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer and also a highly heterogeneous disease in need of predictive biomarkers and druggable targets. Here, we design a monoclonal antibody useful for IHC in the clinical setting and use it to evaluate the prognosis potential of CSDE1 in an exploratory cohort of 149 whole tissue sections including benign nevi and primary tumors and metastasis from melanoma patients. Contrary to expectations for an oncoprotein, we observed a global decrease in CSDE1 levels with increasing malignancy. However, the CSDE1 cytoplasmic/nuclear ratio exhibited a positive correlation with adverse clinical features of primary tumors and emerged as a robust indicator of progression free survival in cutaneous melanoma, highlighting the potential of CSDE1 as a biomarker of prognosis. Our findings provide a novel feature for prognosis assessment and highlight the intricacies of RNA-binding protein dynamics in cancer progression."
8954,brain tumour,38396993,Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors in Glioblastoma: Current Status and Future Possibilities.,"Glioblastoma, a grade 4 glioma as per the World Health Organization, poses a challenge in adult primary brain tumor management despite advanced surgical techniques and multimodal therapies. This review delves into the potential of targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with small-molecule inhibitors and antibodies as a treatment strategy. EGFR, a mutationally active receptor tyrosine kinase in over 50% of glioblastoma cases, features variants like EGFRvIII, EGFRvII and missense mutations, necessitating a deep understanding of their structures and signaling pathways. Although EGFR inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in other cancers, their application in glioblastoma is hindered by blood-brain barrier penetration and intrinsic resistance. The evolving realm of nanodrugs and convection-enhanced delivery offers promise in ensuring precise drug delivery to the brain. Critical to success is the identification of glioblastoma patient populations that benefit from EGFR inhibitors. Tools like radiolabeled anti-EGFR antibody 806i facilitate the visualization of EGFR conformations, aiding in tailored treatment selection. Recognizing the synergistic potential of combination therapies with downstream targets like mTOR, PI3k, and HDACs is pivotal for enhancing EGFR inhibitor efficacy. In conclusion, the era of precision oncology holds promise for targeting EGFR in glioblastoma, contingent on tailored treatments, effective blood-brain barrier navigation, and the exploration of synergistic therapies."
8955,brain tumour,38396925,Lysine Methylation-Dependent Proteolysis by the Malignant Brain Tumor (MBT) Domain Proteins.,"Lysine methylation is a major post-translational protein modification that occurs in both histones and non-histone proteins. Emerging studies show that the methylated lysine residues in non-histone proteins provide a proteolytic signal for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The SET7 (SETD7) methyltransferase specifically transfers a methyl group from S-Adenosyl methionine to a specific lysine residue located in a methylation degron motif of a protein substrate to mark the methylated protein for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. LSD1 (Kdm1a) serves as a demethylase to dynamically remove the methyl group from the modified protein. The methylated lysine residue is specifically recognized by L3MBTL3, a methyl-lysine reader that contains the malignant brain tumor domain, to target the methylated proteins for proteolysis by the CRL4"
8956,brain tumour,38396911,Involvement of Mitochondria in the Selective Response to Microsecond Pulsed Electric Fields on Healthy and Cancer Stem Cells in the Brain.,"In the last few years, pulsed electric fields have emerged as promising clinical tools for tumor treatments. This study highlights the distinct impact of a specific pulsed electric field protocol, PEF-5 (0.3 MV/m, 40 μs, 5 pulses), on astrocytes (NHA) and medulloblastoma (D283) and glioblastoma (U87 NS) cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). We pursued this goal by performing ultrastructural analyses corroborated by molecular/omics approaches to understand the vulnerability or resistance mechanisms triggered by PEF-5 exposure in the different cell types. Electron microscopic analyses showed that, independently of exposed cells, the main targets of PEF-5 were the cell membrane and the cytoskeleton, causing membrane filopodium-like protrusion disappearance on the cell surface, here observed for the first time, accompanied by rapid cell swelling. PEF-5 induced different modifications in cell mitochondria. A complete mitochondrial dysfunction was demonstrated in D283, while a mild or negligible perturbation was observed in mitochondria of U87 NS cells and NHAs, respectively, not sufficient to impair their cell functions. Altogether, these results suggest the possibility of using PEF-based technology as a novel strategy to target selectively mitochondria of brain CSCs, preserving healthy cells."
8957,brain tumour,38396817,Enhanced Expression of Glycolytic Enzymes and Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Flavoprotein Subunit A by Mesothelin Promotes Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Respiration in Myeloblasts of Acute Myeloid Leukemia.,"Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by rapid growth and uncontrolled proliferation of undifferentiated myeloid cells. Metabolic reprogramming is commonly observed in the bone marrow of AML patients, as leukemia cells require increased ATP supply to support disease progression. In this study, we examined the potential role of mesothelin as a metabolic modulator in myeloid cells in AML. Mesothelin is a well-known marker of solid tumors that promotes cancer cell proliferation and survival. We initially analyzed alterations in mesothelin expression in the myeloblast subpopulations, defined as SSC-Alow/CD45dim, obtained from the bone marrow of AML patients using flow cytometry. Our results showed overexpression of mesothelin in 34.8% of AML patients. Subsequently, metabolic changes in leukemia cells were evaluated by comparing the oxygen consumption rates (OCR) of bone marrow samples derived from adult AML patients. Notably, a higher OCR was observed in the mesothelin-positive compared to the mesothelin-low and non-expressing groups. Treatment with recombinant human mesothelin protein enhanced OCR and increased the mRNA expression of glycolytic enzymes and mitochondrial complex II in KG1α AML cells. Notably, siRNA targeting mesothelin in KG1α cells led to the reduction of glycolysis-related gene expression but had no effect on the mitochondrial complex gene. The collective results demonstrate that mesothelin induces metabolic changes in leukemia cells, facilitating the acquisition of a rapid supply of ATP for proliferation in AML. Therefore, the targeting of mesothelin presents a potentially promising approach to mitigating the progression of AML through the inhibition of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in myeloid cells."
8958,brain tumour,38396804,The Potential Use of Vitamin D3 and Phytochemicals for Their Anti-Ageing Effects.,"Unlike other vitamins, vitamin D3 is synthesised in skin cells in the body. Vitamin D3 has been known as a bone-related hormone. Recently, however, it has been considered as an immune vitamin. Vitamin D3 deficiency influences the onset of a variety of diseases. Vitamin D3 regulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) through binding to vitamin D receptors (VDRs) in immune cells. Since blood levels of vitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) were low in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, there has been growing interest in the importance of vitamin D3 to maintaining a healthy condition. On the other hand, phytochemicals are compounds derived from plants with over 7000 varieties and have various biological activities. They mainly have health-promoting effects and are classified as terpenoids, carotenoids, flavonoids, etc. Flavonoids are known as the anti-inflammatory compounds that control TNF-α production. Chronic inflammation is induced by the continuous production of TNF-α and is the fundamental cause of diseases like obesity, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, heart and brain diseases, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. In addition, the ageing process is induced by chronic inflammation. This review explains the cooperative effects of vitamin D3 and phytochemicals in the suppression of inflammatory responses, how it balances the natural immune response, and its link to anti-ageing effects. In addition, vitamin D3 and phytochemicals synergistically contribute to anti-ageing by working with ageing-related genes. Furthermore, prevention of ageing processes induced by the chronic inflammation requires the maintenance of healthy gut microbiota, which is related to daily dietary habits. In this regard, supplementation of vitamin D3 and phytochemicals plays an important role. Recently, the association of the prevention of the non-disease condition called ""ME-BYO"" with the maintenance of a healthy condition has been an attractive regimen, and the anti-ageing effect discussed here is important for a healthy and long life."
8959,brain tumour,38396771,Antineoplastic Activity of 9″-Lithospermic Acid Methyl Ester in Glioblastoma Cells.,"To date, many potent compounds have been found which are derived from plants and herbs and possess anticancer properties due to their antioxidant effects. 9″-Lithospermic acid methyl ester is an effective natural compound derived from the "
8960,brain tumour,38396745,GATOR1 Mutations Impair PI3 Kinase-Dependent Growth Factor Signaling Regulation of mTORC1.,"GATOR1 (GAP Activity TOward Rag 1) is an evolutionarily conserved GTPase-activating protein complex that controls the activity of mTORC1 (mammalian Target Of Rapamycin Complex 1) in response to amino acid availability in cells. Genetic mutations in the GATOR1 subunits, NPRL2 (nitrogen permease regulator-like 2), NPRL3 (nitrogen permease regulator-like 3), and DEPDC5 (DEP domain containing 5), have been associated with epilepsy in humans; however, the specific effects of these mutations on GATOR1 function and mTORC1 regulation are not well understood. Herein, we report that epilepsy-linked mutations in the NPRL2 subunit of GATOR1, NPRL2-L105P, -T110S, and -D214H, increase basal mTORC1 signal transduction in cells. Notably, we show that NPRL2-L105P is a loss-of-function mutation that disrupts protein interactions with NPRL3 and DEPDC5, impairing GATOR1 complex assembly and resulting in high mTORC1 activity even under conditions of amino acid deprivation. Furthermore, our studies reveal that the GATOR1 complex is necessary for the rapid and robust inhibition of mTORC1 in response to growth factor withdrawal or pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K). In the absence of the GATOR1 complex, cells are refractory to PI3K-dependent inhibition of mTORC1, permitting sustained translation and restricting the nuclear localization of TFEB, a transcription factor regulated by mTORC1. Collectively, our results show that epilepsy-linked mutations in NPRL2 can block GATOR1 complex assembly and restrict the appropriate regulation of mTORC1 by canonical PI3K-dependent growth factor signaling in the presence or absence of amino acids."
8961,brain tumour,38396722,Exploring the Molecular Tumor Microenvironment and Translational Biomarkers in Brain Metastases of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.,"Brain metastases represent a significant clinical challenge in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), often leading to a severe decline in patient prognosis and survival. Recent advances in imaging and systemic treatments have increased the detection rates of brain metastases, yet clinical outcomes remain dismal due to the complexity of the metastatic tumor microenvironment (TME) and the lack of specific biomarkers for early detection and targeted therapy. The intricate interplay between NSCLC tumor cells and the surrounding TME in brain metastases is pivotal, influencing tumor progression, immune evasion, and response to therapy. This underscores the necessity for a deeper understanding of the molecular underpinnings of brain metastases, tumor microenvironment, and the identification of actionable biomarkers that can inform multimodal treatment approaches. The goal of this review is to synthesize current insights into the TME and elucidate molecular mechanisms in NSCLC brain metastases. Furthermore, we will explore the promising horizon of emerging biomarkers, both tissue- and liquid-based, that hold the potential to radically transform the treatment strategies and the enhancement of patient outcomes."
8962,brain tumour,38396422,A Novel Ensemble Framework for Multi-Classification of Brain Tumors Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.,"Brain tumors can have fatal consequences, affecting many body functions. For this reason, it is essential to detect brain tumor types accurately and at an early stage to start the appropriate treatment process. Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used in disease detection from medical images, they face the problem of overfitting in the training phase on limited labeled and insufficiently diverse datasets. The existing studies use transfer learning and ensemble models to overcome these problems. When the existing studies are examined, it is evident that there is a lack of models and weight ratios that will be used with the ensemble technique. With the framework proposed in this study, several CNN models with different architectures are trained with transfer learning and fine-tuning on three brain tumor datasets. A particle swarm optimization-based algorithm determined the optimum weights for combining the five most successful CNN models with the ensemble technique. The results across three datasets are as follows: Dataset 1, 99.35% accuracy and 99.20 F1-score; Dataset 2, 98.77% accuracy and 98.92 F1-score; and Dataset 3, 99.92% accuracy and 99.92 F1-score. We achieved successful performances on three brain tumor datasets, showing that the proposed framework is reliable in classification. As a result, the proposed framework outperforms existing studies, offering clinicians enhanced decision-making support through its high-accuracy classification performance."
8963,brain tumour,38396320,Nanoparticles Coated with Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell Membranes can Target and Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier to Deliver Drugs to Brain Tumors.,"The blood-brain barrier (BBB) contains tightly connected brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) that hinder drug delivery to the brain, which makes brain tumors difficult to treat. Previous studies have shown that nanoparticles coated with tumor cell membranes selectively target their homologous tumors. Therefore, this study investigated whether bEnd.3-line BMEC membrane-coated nanoparticles with poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-based doxorubicin-loaded cores (BM-PDs) can be used to target BMECs and cross the BBB. In vitro, the BM-PDs effectively target BMECs and cross a BBB model. The BM-PDs enter the BMECs via macropinocytosis, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolin-mediated endocytosis, and membrane fusion, which result in excellent cellular uptake. The BM-PDs also show excellent cellular uptake in brain tumor cells. In vivo, the BM-PDs target BMECs, cross the BBB, accumulate in brain tumors, and efficiently kill tumor cells. Therefore, the proposed strategy has great therapeutic potential owing to its ability to cross the BBB to reach brain tumors."
8964,brain tumour,38396300,Treatment and outcomes of clear cell sarcoma of the kidney: A report from the Children's Oncology Group studies AREN0321 and AREN03B2.,"On the fifth National Wilms Tumor Study, treatment for clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) included combined vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide (regimen I) plus radiation therapy (RT), yielding 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rates of 100%, 88%, 73%, and 29% for patients who had with stage I, II, III, and IV disease, respectively. In the Children's Oncology Group study AREN0321 of risk-adapted therapy, RT was omitted for stage I disease if lymph nodes were sampled, and carboplatin was added for stage IV disease (regimen UH-1). Patients who had stage II/III disease received regimen I with RT."
8965,brain tumour,38396261,"Enhancing predictability of IDH mutation status in glioma patients at initial diagnosis: a comparative analysis of radiomics from MRI, [","According to the World Health Organization classification for tumors of the central nervous system, mutation status of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes has become a major diagnostic discriminator for gliomas. Therefore, imaging-based prediction of IDH mutation status is of high interest for individual patient management. We compared and evaluated the diagnostic value of radiomics derived from dual positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to predict the IDH mutation status non-invasively."
8966,brain tumour,38396190,Pseudotumoral neuro-behcet's disease: case series and review of literature.,Behcet's disease (BD) is a multisystem autoimmune relapsing vasculitis with an almost unknown etiology involving both large and small vessels. The neurological involvement called neuro-Behcet's disease (NBD) is rare. NBD can be responsible for tumor-like masses mimicking low-grade gliomas in only a few cases.
8967,brain tumour,38396172,Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) combined with the drug repurposing approach CUSP9v3 induce metabolic reprogramming and synergistic anti-glioblastoma activity in vitro.,"Glioblastoma represents a brain tumor with a notoriously poor prognosis. First-line therapy may include adjunctive Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) which are electric fields that are continuously delivered to the brain through non-invasive arrays. On a different note, CUSP9v3 represents a drug repurposing strategy that includes 9 repurposed drugs plus metronomic temozolomide. Here, we examined whether TTFields enhance the antineoplastic activity of CUSP9v3 against this disease."
8968,brain tumour,38396134,Repeated blood-brain barrier opening with a nine-emitter implantable ultrasound device in combination with carboplatin in recurrent glioblastoma: a phase I/II clinical trial.,"Here, the results of a phase 1/2 single-arm trial (NCT03744026) assessing the safety and efficacy of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption with an implantable ultrasound system in recurrent glioblastoma patients receiving carboplatin are reported. A nine-emitter ultrasound implant was placed at the end of tumor resection replacing the bone flap. After surgery, activation to disrupt the BBB was performed every four weeks either before or after carboplatin infusion. The primary objective of the Phase 1 was to evaluate the safety of escalating numbers of ultrasound emitters using a standard 3 + 3 dose escalation. The primary objective of the Phase 2 was to evaluate the efficacy of BBB opening using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The secondary objectives included safety and clinical efficacy. Thirty-three patients received a total of 90 monthly sonications with carboplatin administration and up to nine emitters activated without observed DLT. Grade 3 procedure-related adverse events consisted of pre syncope (n = 3), fatigue (n = 1), wound infection (n = 2), and pain at time of device connection (n = 7). BBB opening endpoint was met with 90% of emitters showing BBB disruption on MRI after sonication. In the 12 patients who received carboplatin just prior to sonication, the progression-free survival was 3.1 months, the 1-year overall survival rate was 58% and median overall survival was 14.0 months from surgery."
8969,brain tumour,38396016,Mechanical characteristics of glioblastoma and peritumoral tumor-free human brain tissue.,"The diagnosis of brain tumor is a serious event for the affected patient. Surgical resection is a crucial part in the treatment of brain tumors. However, the distinction between tumor and brain tissue can be difficult, even for experienced neurosurgeons. This is especially true in the case of gliomas. In this project we examined whether the biomechanical parameters elasticity and stress relaxation behavior are suitable as additional differentiation criteria between tumorous (glioblastoma multiforme; glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype; GBM) and non-tumorous, peritumoral tissue."
8970,brain tumour,38395990,Targeting SIRT3 sensitizes glioblastoma to ferroptosis by promoting mitophagy and inhibiting SLC7A11.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) cells require large amounts of iron for tumor growth and progression, which makes these cells vulnerable to destruction via ferroptosis induction. Mitochondria are critical for iron metabolism and ferroptosis. Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) is a deacetylase found in mitochondria that regulates mitochondrial quality and function. This study aimed to characterize SIRT3 expression and activity in GBM and investigate the potential therapeutic effects of targeting SIRT3 while also inducing ferroptosis in these cells. We first found that SIRT3 expression was higher in GBM tissues than in normal brain tissues and that SIRT3 protein expression was upregulated during RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3)-induced GBM cell ferroptosis. We then observed that inhibition of SIRT3 expression and activity in GBM cells sensitized GBM cells to RSL3-induced ferroptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SIRT3 inhibition led to ferrous iron and ROS accumulation in the mitochondria, which triggered mitophagy. RNA-Sequencing analysis revealed that upon SIRT3 knockdown in GBM cells, the mitophagy pathway was upregulated and SLC7A11, a critical antagonist of ferroptosis via cellular import of cystine for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, was downregulated. Forced expression of SLC7A11 in GBM cells with SIRT3 knockdown restored cellular cystine uptake and consequently the cellular GSH level, thereby partially rescuing cell viability upon RSL3 treatment. Furthermore, in GBM cells, SIRT3 regulated SLC7A11 transcription through ATF4. Overall, our study results elucidated novel mechanisms underlying the ability of SIRT3 to protect GBM from ferroptosis and provided insight into a potential combinatorial approach of targeting SIRT3 and inducing ferroptosis for GBM treatment."
8971,brain tumour,38395696,Potential of radiomics analysis and machine learning for predicting brain metastasis in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients.,To explore the potential of utilising radiomics analysis and machine-learning models that incorporate intratumoural and peritumoural regions of interest (ROIs) for predicting brain metastasis (BM) in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients.
8972,brain tumour,38395664,Dangers and therapeutic difficulties of intracranial hemangioma in infants: A CARE case report.,Description of neurological complications induced by intracranial hemangioma in infants and by the initiation of beta-blocker treatment (propranolol).
8973,brain tumour,38395608,Isoliquiritigenin attenuates neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage through inhibition of NF-κB-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation.,"Neuroinflammation contributes to neurological dysfunction in the patients who suffer from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a bioactive component extracted from Genus Glycyrrhiza. This work is to investigate whether ISL ameliorates neuroinflammation after SAH. In this study, intravascular perforation of male Sprague-Dawley rats was used to establish a SAH model. ISL was administered by intraperitoneal injection 6 h after SAH in rats. The mortality, SAH grade, neurological score, brain water content, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability were examined at 24 h after the treatment. Expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, Iba-1, and MPO were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Besides, the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 were analyzed by western blot. The experimental data suggested that ISL treatment could ameliorate neurological impairment, attenuate brain edema, and ameliorate BBB injury after SAH in rats. ISL treatment repressed the expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and meanwhile inhibited the expression of Iba-1 and MPO. ISL also repressed NF-κB p65 expression as well as the transport from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In addition, ISL significantly suppressed the expression levels of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. These findings suggest that ISL inactivates NLRP3 pathway by inhibiting NF-κB p65 translocation, thereby repressing the neuroinflammation after SAH, and it is a potential drug for the treatment of SAH."
8974,brain tumour,38395241,Decoding the puzzle: A multidisciplinary systematic review of adult brainstem glioma.,"Adult brainstem gliomas (BSGs) are a group of rare central nervous system tumors with varying prognoses and controversial standard treatment strategies. To provide an overview of current trends, a systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines, Class of evidence (CE) and strength of recommendation (SR), was conducted. The review identified 27 studies. Surgery was found to have a positive impact on survival, particularly for focal lesions with CE II SR C. Stereotactic image-guided biopsy was recommended when resective surgery was not feasible with CE II and SR B. The role of systemic treatments remains unclear. Eight studies provided molecular biology data. This review gathers crucial literature on diagnosis and management of adult BSGs. It provides evidence-based guidance with updated recommendations for diagnosing and treating, taking into account recent molecular and genetic advancements. The importance of brain biopsy is emphasized to optimize treatment using emerging genetic-molecular findings and explore potential targeted therapies."
8975,brain tumour,38395110,"The dose-dependent neuroprotective effect of norepinephrine in improving memory retrieval in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.","Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder that causes cognitive impairments by damaging the hippocampal tissue. Conversely, norepinephrine (NEP) has anti-inflammatory and re-myelinating properties, which improve cognitive impairments. The aim of this study was to assess the neuroprotective effects of NEP on learning and memory disorders in an experimental animal model of MS. Two guide cannulas were bilaterally implanted in the rat hippocampal CA1 regions. After recovery, the animals received 3 μl of 0.01% ethidium bromide (EtB) in each of both hippocampal regions. After three days, the rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (8 rats/group), including control, sham 1, sham 2, and three groups of NEP 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg by intrahippocampal injection. Behavioral tests (e.g. shuttle box test and open-field test) were then performed. Finally, ROS, MDA, GSH, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β concentrations in the left CA1 area, as well as using western-blot analysis, p-p38, p-JNK, p-AKT, p-ERK1/2, p-NMDA, p-AMPA, p-CREB, and BDNF proteins in the right CA1 region evaluated. The EtB injection increased ROS, MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels, as well as p-JNK and p-P38, except all other proteins, while decreasing GSH content, as well as step-through latency and locomotor activity in sham groups compared to the control group. Conversely, NEP (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, particularly at the dose of 1 mg/kg) counterbalanced all the alterations mentioned above in comparison to the sham groups. The EtB induced learning and memory impairment; however, NEP dose-dependently restored these impairments to normal levels."
8976,brain tumour,38395064,Risk of Venous Thromboembolism by Cancer Type: A Network Meta-Analysis.,"Patients with cancer have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Comparing tumor-specific VTE risk is complicated by factors such as surgery, disease stage, and chemotherapy. Network meta-analysis (NMA) using cancer types as network nodes enabled us to estimate VTE rates by leveraging comparisons across cancer types while adjusting for baseline VTE risk in individual studies. This study was conducted to estimate the risk of VTE by cancer type and factors influencing VTE risk. The Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library repositories were systematically searched to identify clinical trials and observational studies published from 2005 to 2022 that assessed the risk of primary cancer-related VTE among two or more distinct cancer types. Studies with similar cancer populations and study methods reporting VTE occurring within 1 year of diagnosis were included in the NMA. Relative VTE rates across cancer types were estimated with random-effects Bayesian NMAs. Absolute VTE rates were calculated from these estimates using the average VTE incidence in lung cancer (the most frequently reported type) as the ""anchor."" From 2,603 records reviewed, 30 studies were included in this NMA. The general network described 3,948,752 patients and 18 cancer types: 3.1% experienced VTE within 1 year of diagnosis, with cancer-specific rates ranging from 0.7 to 7.4%. Consistent with existing VTE risk prediction tools, pancreatic cancer was associated with higher-than-average VTE risk. Other cancer types with high VTE risk were brain and ovarian cancers. The relative rankings of VTE risk for certain cancers changed based on disease stage and/or receipt of chemotherapy or surgery."
8977,brain tumour,38394924,Key factors in the preoperative management of patients undergoing awake craniotomy for language mapping.,No abstract found
8978,brain tumour,38394779,An Infant-Type Hemispheric Glioma With SOX5::ALK: A Novel Fusion.,"Infant-type hemispheric glioma (IHG) is a rare pediatric brain tumor with variable response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Molecular insights into IHG can be useful in identifying potentially active targeted therapy. A male fetus was found to have congenital hydrocephalus at the gestational age of 37 weeks. Fetal MRI showed a 2.6 × 2.0-cm tumor located at the frontal horn of the left lateral ventricle, involving the left basal nuclei and thalamus. Tumor biopsy at the age of 2 days revealed an IHG consisting of spindle tumor cells with strong expression of GFAP and ALK. Targeted RNA sequencing detected a novel fusion gene of SOX5::ALK. After initial chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, carboplatin, and etoposide for 2 cycles, the tumor size progressed markedly and the patient underwent a subtotal resection of brain tumor followed by treatment with lorlatinib, an ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor with central nervous system (CNS) activity. After 3 months of treatment, reduction of tumor size was observed. After 14 months of treatment, partial response was achieved, and the infant had normal growth and development. In conclusion, we identified a case of congenital IHG with a novel SOX5::ALK fusion that had progressed after chemotherapy and showed partial response and clinical benefit after treatment with the CNS-active ALK inhibitor lorlatinib."
8979,brain tumour,38394536,The investigation of cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of Cl-amidine on the human U-87 MG glioma cell line.,"Peptidyl (protein) arginine deiminases (PADs) provide the transformation of peptidyl arginine to peptidyl citrulline in the presence of calcium with posttranslational modification. The dysregulated PAD activity plays an important role on too many diseases including also the cancer. In this study, it has been aimed to determine the potential cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of chlorine-amidine (Cl-amidine) which is a PAD inhibitor and whose effectiveness has been shown in vitro and in vivo studies recently on human glioblastoma cell line Uppsala 87 malignant glioma (U-87 MG) forming an in vitro model for the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) which is the most aggressive and has the highest mortality among the brain tumors."
8980,brain tumour,38394487,Leucine rich repeat LGI family member 3: Integrative analyses support its prognostic association with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.,"Leucine rich repeat LGI family member 3 (LGI3) is a member of the LGI protein family. Previous studies of our group have reported that LGI3 is expressed in adipose tissue, skin and brain, and serves as a multifunctional cytokine. LGI3 may also be involved in cytokine networks in various cancers. This study aimed to analyze differentially expressed genes in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) tissues and PAC cohort data in order to evaluate the prognostic role of LGI3. The expression microarray and the PAC cohort data were analyzed by bioinformatic methods for differential expression, protein-protein interactions, functional enrichment and pathway analyses, gene co-expression network analysis, and prognostic association analysis. Results showed that LGI3 expression was significantly reduced in PAC tissues. Nineteen upregulated genes and 31 downregulated genes in PAC tissues were identified as LGI3-regulated genes. Protein-protein interaction network analysis demonstrated that 92% (46/50) of the LGI3-regulated genes that were altered in PACs belonged to a protein-protein interaction network cluster. Functional enrichment and gene co-expression network analyses demonstrated that these genes in the network cluster were associated with various processes including inflammatory and immune responses, metabolic processes, cell differentiation, and angiogenesis. PAC cohort analyses revealed that low expression levels of LGI3 were significantly associated with poor PAC prognosis. Analysis of favorable or unfavorable prognostic gene products in PAC showed that 93 LGI3-regulated genes were differentially associated with PAC prognosis. LGI3 expression was correlated with the tumor-infiltration levels of various immune cells. Taken together, these results suggested that LGI3 may be a potential prognostic marker of PAC."
8981,brain tumour,38394473,Use of External Control Cohorts in Pediatric Brain Tumor Clinical Trials.,"Why, when, and how to consider external control cohorts in pediatric brain tumor clinical trials."
8982,brain tumour,38394444,Cancer stem cell hypothesis 2.0 in glioblastoma: Where are we now and where are we going?,"Over the past 2 decades, the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis has provided insight into many malignant tumors, including glioblastoma (GBM). Cancer stem cells have been identified in patient-derived tumors and in some mouse models, allowing for a deeper understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying GBM growth and therapeutic resistance. The CSC hypothesis has been the cornerstone of cellular heterogeneity, providing a conceptual and technical framework to explain this longstanding phenotype in GBM. This hypothesis has evolved to fit recent insights into how cellular plasticity drives tumor growth to suggest that CSCs do not represent a distinct population but rather a cellular state with substantial plasticity that can be achieved by non-CSCs under specific conditions. This has further been reinforced by advances in genomics, including single-cell approaches, that have used the CSC hypothesis to identify multiple putative CSC states with unique properties, including specific developmental and metabolic programs. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on the CSC hypothesis and its recent evolution, with a focus on key functional phenotypes, and provide an update on the definition for its use in future genomic studies."
8983,brain tumour,38394389,A 3D Bioprinted Human Neurovascular Unit Model of Glioblastoma Tumor Growth.,"A 3D bioprinted neurovascular unit (NVU) model is developed to study glioblastoma (GBM) tumor growth in a brain-like microenvironment. The NVU model includes human primary astrocytes, pericytes and brain microvascular endothelial cells, and patient-derived glioblastoma cells (JHH-520) are used for this study. Fluorescence reporters are used with confocal high content imaging to quantitate real-time microvascular network formation and tumor growth. Extensive validation of the NVU-GBM model includes immunostaining for brain relevant cellular markers and extracellular matrix components; single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to establish physiologically relevant transcriptomics changes; and secretion of NVU and GBM-relevant cytokines. The scRNAseq reveals changes in gene expression and cytokines secretion associated with wound healing/angiogenesis, including the appearance of an endothelial mesenchymal transition cell population. The NVU-GBM model is used to test 18 chemotherapeutics and anti-cancer drugs to assess the pharmacological relevance of the model and robustness for high throughput screening."
8984,brain tumour,38394388,Brusatol's anticancer activity and its molecular mechanism: a research update.,"Brusatol (BT) is a quassinoid compound extracted from Brucea javanica that is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Brusatol possesses biological and medical activity, including antitumor, antileukemia, anti-inflammatory, antitrypanosomal, antimalarial, and antitobacco mosaic virus activity. To summarize and discuss the antitumor effects of BT and its mechanisms of actions, we compiled this review by combining the extensive relevant literature and our previous studies."
8985,brain tumour,38394382,"Exosome Heterogeneity Affects the Distal ""Barrier-Crossing"" Trafficking of Exosome Encapsulated Quantum Dots.","The biological activities of nanoparticles (NPs), which include endocytosis by macrophages and subsequent intracellular degradation and/or release, transfer to other cells, or translocation across tissue barriers, highly depend on their fate in living organisms. Yet, translocation across barriers, especially the distal ""barrier-crossing"" trafficking of NPs, is still unclear. The exosome (Exo) plays a crucial role in intercellular communication and biological barrier trafficking. Here, we report that ZnCdSe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs), as a representation of NPs in biomedical applications, could cross the blood-brain barrier and approach the mouse brain via active Exo encapsulation. By employing multiple techniques, we demonstrated that QDs were internalized by macrophages (J774A.1) and tumor cells (HeLa) and then released to the extracellular environment along with Exo. Exo encapsulation facilitates the distal barrier-crossing trafficking of QDs "
8986,brain tumour,38394321,"Yellow scorpion (Buthus sinidicus) venom peptides induce mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in cervical, prostate and brain tumor cell lines.","Scorpion venoms are known to contain over 100,000 biologically active constituents. However, only a few of them have been studied. The major constituents of venom are proteins and peptides, which exhibit various biological and pharmacological properties, including anticancer activities. In the current study, the venom of yellow scorpions (Buthus sindicus) found in Sindh, Pakistan, was extracted and evaluated for its anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. The crude venom showed a dose dependent inhibition of phagocyte oxidative burst from human whole blood cells (28.3% inhibition at highest tested concentration of 300 μg/mL). In-vitro cytotoxicity of crude venom was evaluated against human prostrate (PC3), cervical (HeLa) and neuroblastoma (U87-MG) cell lines, along with cytotoxicity against normal human fibroblast (BJ) cells. Crude venom was cytotoxic to all cell lines, with prominent inhibitory effect on PC3 cells. Crude venom was fractionated through RP-UPLC, resulted in fifteen fractions, followed by evaluation of their anticancer potential. Among all, the fraction I significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the cell viability of all three cancer cell lines, and exhibited insignificant cytotoxicity against normal cell line. Furthermore, the apoptotic cell death pathway was evaluated for crude venom, and fraction I, in most sensitive cell line PC3, by using flow-cytometry analysis. Both crude venom and its fraction I caused a mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in prostate cancer cells (PC3). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity of venom of Pakistani yellow scorpions. Results indicate their therapeutic potential, and a case for further purification and validation studies."
8987,brain tumour,38393960,Middle temporal gyrus approach to mesial temporal lobe tumours in children.,To assess whether the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) approach to mesial temporal lobe (MTL) tumours is an effective procedure for the treatment of epilepsy in children.
8988,brain tumour,38393929,REhabilitation Approaches in CHildren with cerebellar mutism syndrome (REACH): An international cross-disciplinary survey study.,"Pediatric cerebellar mutism syndrome (pCMS) can occur following resection of a posterior fossa tumor and, although some symptoms are transient, many result in long-lasting neurological deficits. A multi-disciplinary rehabilitation approach is often used in cases of pCMS; however, there have been no clinical trials to determine gold standards in rehabilitation practice in this population, which remains a research priority. The purpose of this study was to identify and compare intervention practices used in pCMS throughout the disciplines of occupational and physical therapy, speech-language pathology, and neuropsychology across geographic regions."
8989,brain tumour,38393660,NeuroIGN: Explainable Multimodal Image-Guided System for Precise Brain Tumor Surgery.,"Precise neurosurgical guidance is critical for successful brain surgeries and plays a vital role in all phases of image-guided neurosurgery (IGN). Neuronavigation software enables real-time tracking of surgical tools, ensuring their presentation with high precision in relation to a virtual patient model. Therefore, this work focuses on the development of a novel multimodal IGN system, leveraging deep learning and explainable AI to enhance brain tumor surgery outcomes. The study establishes the clinical and technical requirements of the system for brain tumor surgeries. NeuroIGN adopts a modular architecture, including brain tumor segmentation, patient registration, and explainable output prediction, and integrates open-source packages into an interactive neuronavigational display. The NeuroIGN system components underwent validation and evaluation in both laboratory and simulated operating room (OR) settings. Experimental results demonstrated its accuracy in tumor segmentation and the success of ExplainAI in increasing the trust of medical professionals in deep learning. The proposed system was successfully assembled and set up within 11 min in a pre-clinical OR setting with a tracking accuracy of 0.5 (± 0.1) mm. NeuroIGN was also evaluated as highly useful, with a high frame rate (19 FPS) and real-time ultrasound imaging capabilities. In conclusion, this paper describes not only the development of an open-source multimodal IGN system but also demonstrates the innovative application of deep learning and explainable AI algorithms in enhancing neuronavigation for brain tumor surgeries. By seamlessly integrating pre- and intra-operative patient image data with cutting-edge interventional devices, our experiments underscore the potential for deep learning models to improve the surgical treatment of brain tumors and long-term post-operative outcomes."
8990,brain tumour,38393595,Organotypic 3D Ex Vivo Co-culture Model of the Macro-metastasis/Organ Parenchyma Interface.,"The macro-metastasis/organ parenchyma interface (MMPI) is gaining increasing significance due to its prognostic relevance for cancer (brain) metastasis. We have developed an organotypic 3D ex vivo co-culture model that mimics the MMPI and allows us to evaluate the histopathological growth pattern (HGP) and infiltration grade of the tumor cells into the neighboring brain tissue and to study the interactions of cancer and glial cells ex vivo. This system consists of a murine brain slice and a 3D tumor plug that can be co-cultured for several days. After slicing the brain of 5- to 8-day-old mice, a Matrigel plug containing fluorescent-labelled tumor cells is placed next to it, so that tumor cells in the 3D plug and glial cells in the brain slice can interact at the interface for up to 96 h. To facilitate the positioning of the co-culture and increase the reproducibility of the model, a brain spacer can be used. The HGP and infiltration of the tumor cells into the brain slice as well as the activation of the glial cells can be assessed by live and/or confocal microscopy after immunofluorescence staining of microglia and/or astrocytes. Alternatively, the co-culture can also be used for other purposes, such as RNA analysis. This organotypic 3D ex vivo co-culture offers a perfect tool for preliminary screenings before in vivo experiments and reduces the number of animals, thus contributing to the 3R concept as a central precept in preclinical research."
8991,brain tumour,38393527,"Incidence, Risk Factors, and Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Brain Metastases.","Brain metastases significantly impact the clinical course of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to examine the age-related incidence, demographics, and survival of patients with HCC and brain metastases."
8992,brain tumour,38393522,Harnessing imaging biomarkers for glioblastoma metastasis diagnosis: a correspondence.,No abstract found
8993,brain tumour,38393450,Effects of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Central Nervous System Diseases.,"Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are one of the diseases that threaten human health. The delivery of drugs targeting the CNS has always been a significant challenge; the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the main obstacle that must be overcome. The rise of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) therapy has brought hope for the treatment of CNS diseases. However, the problems of low homing rate, susceptibility differentiation into astrocytes, immune rejection, and formation of iatrogenic tumors of transplanted BMSCs limit their clinical application. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-Exos) have become a hot research topic in the treatment of CNS diseases in recent years because of their excellent histocompatibility, low immunogenicity, ease of crossing the BBB, and their ability to serve as natural carriers for treatment. This article reviews the mechanisms of BMSC-Exos in CNS diseases and provides direction for further research."
8994,brain tumour,38393300,A transmandibular lateral transsphenoidal navigated surgical approach to access a pituitary macroadenoma in a warmblood mare.,"A 16-year-old warmblood mare was referred with a progressive history of behavioral changes and left-sided blindness. Following neuroanatomical localization to the forebrain, magnetic resonance imaging of the head revealed a well-delineated, 4.5 cm in diameter, round pituitary mass causing marked compression of the midbrain and optic chiasm. Euthanasia was recommended but declined by the owners. Veterinary specialists and a human neurosurgeon collaboratively prepared for surgical case management. A novel navigated transmandibular lateral transsphenoidal approach was developed to access the region of the sella turcica and practiced on cadaver specimens. The horse was anesthetized and placed in sternal recumbency with the head above the heart line. Using a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-coupled navigation system, a navigated pin traversing the vertical ramus of the mandible and the lateral pterygoid muscle was placed in a direct trajectory to the predetermined osteotomy site of the basisphenoid bone. A safe corridor to the osteotomy site was established using sequential tubular dilators bypassing the guttural pouch, internal and external carotid arteries. Despite the use of microsurgical techniques, visualization of critical structures was limited by the long and narrow working channel. Whilst partial resection of the mass was achieved, iatrogenic trauma to the normal brain parenchyma was identified by intraoperative imaging. With consent of the owner the mare was euthanized under the same general anesthesia. Post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging and gross anatomical examination confirmed partial removal of a pituitary adenoma, but also iatrogenic damage to the surrounding brain parenchyma, including the thalamus."
8995,brain tumour,38393197,Exposure to the Natural Compound Climacostol Induces Cell Damage and Oxidative Stress in the Fruit Fly ,The ciliate 
8996,brain tumour,38393165,Effect of Acrylamide and Mycotoxins in SH-SY5Y Cells: A Review.,"Thermal processes induce the formation of undesired toxic components, such as acrylamide (AA), which has been shown to induce brain toxicity in humans and classified as Group 2A by the International Agency of Research in Cancer (IARC), as well as some mycotoxins. AA and mycotoxins' toxicity is studied in several in vitro models, including the neuroblastoma cell line model SH-SY5Y cells. Both AA and mycotoxins occur together in the same food matrix cereal base (bread, pasta, potatoes, coffee roasting, etc.). Therefore, the goal of this review is to deepen the knowledge about the neurological effects that AA and mycotoxins can induce on the in vitro model SH-SY5Y and its mechanism of action (MoA) focusing on the experimental assays reported in publications of the last 10 years. The analysis of the latest publications shows that most of them are focused on cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and alteration in protein expression, while others are interested in oxidative stress, axonopathy, and the disruption of neurite outgrowth. While both AA and mycotoxins have been studied in SH-SY5Y cells separately, the mixture of them is starting to draw the interest of the scientific community. This highlights a new and interesting field to explore due to the findings reported in several publications that can be compared and the implications in human health that both could cause. In relation to the assays used, the most employed were the MTT, axonopathy, and qPCR assays. The concentration dose range studied was 0.1-10 mM for AA and 2 fM to 200 µM depending on the toxicity and time of exposure for mycotoxins. A healthy and varied diet allows the incorporation of a large family of bioactive compounds that can mitigate the toxic effects associated with contaminants present in food. Although this has been reported in some publications for mycotoxins, there is still a big gap for AA which evidences that more investigations are needed to better explore the risks for human health when exposed to AA and mycotoxins."
8997,brain tumour,38393158,Subtype-Selective Peptide and Protein Neurotoxic Inhibitors of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Enhance Proliferation of Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Cell Lines.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain cancer, with a poor prognosis. GBM cells, which develop in the environment of neural tissue, often exploit neurotransmitters and their receptors to promote their own growth and invasion. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which play a crucial role in central nervous system signal transmission, are widely represented in the brain, and GBM cells express several subtypes of nAChRs that are suggested to transmit signals from neurons, promoting tumor invasion and growth. Analysis of published GBM transcriptomes revealed spatial heterogeneity in nAChR subtype expression, and functional nAChRs of α1*, α7, and α9 subtypes are demonstrated in our work on several patient-derived GBM microsphere cultures and on the U87MG GBM cell line using subtype-selective neurotoxins and fluorescent calcium mobilization assay. The U87MG cell line shows reactions to nicotinic agonists similar to those of GBM patient-derived culture. Selective α1*, α7, and α9 nAChR neurotoxins stimulated cell growth in the presence of nicotinic agonists. Several cultivating conditions with varying growth factor content have been proposed and tested. The use of selective neurotoxins confirmed that cell cultures obtained from patients are representative GBM models, but the use of media containing fetal bovine serum can lead to alterations in nAChR expression and functioning."
8998,brain tumour,38392421,An N-Shaped Lightweight Network with a Feature Pyramid and Hybrid Attention for Brain Tumor Segmentation.,"Brain tumor segmentation using neural networks presents challenges in accurately capturing diverse tumor shapes and sizes while maintaining real-time performance. Additionally, addressing class imbalance is crucial for achieving accurate clinical results. To tackle these issues, this study proposes a novel N-shaped lightweight network that combines multiple feature pyramid paths and U-Net architectures. Furthermore, we ingeniously integrate hybrid attention mechanisms into various locations of depth-wise separable convolution module to improve efficiency, with channel attention found to be the most effective for skip connections in the proposed network. Moreover, we introduce a combination loss function that incorporates a newly designed weighted cross-entropy loss and dice loss to effectively tackle the issue of class imbalance. Extensive experiments are conducted on four publicly available datasets, i.e., UCSF-PDGM, BraTS 2021, BraTS 2019, and MSD Task 01 to evaluate the performance of different methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed network achieves superior segmentation accuracy compared to state-of-the-art methods. The proposed network not only improves the overall segmentation performance but also provides a favorable computational efficiency, making it a promising approach for clinical applications."
8999,brain tumour,38392348,The Reign of Follistatin in Tumors and Their Microenvironment: Implications for Drug Resistance.,"Follistatin (FST) is a potent neutralizer of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily and is associated with normal cellular programs and various hallmarks of cancer, such as proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. The aberrant expression of FST by solid tumors is a well-documented observation, yet how FST influences tumor progression and therapy response remains unclear. The recent surge in omics data has revealed new insights into the molecular foundation underpinning tumor heterogeneity and its microenvironment, offering novel precision medicine-based opportunities to combat cancer. In this review, we discuss these recent FST-centric studies, thereby offering an updated perspective on the protean role of FST isoforms in shaping the complex cellular ecosystem of tumors and in mediating drug resistance."
9000,brain tumour,38392317,"Aided Diagnosis Model Based on Deep Learning for Glioblastoma, Solitary Brain Metastases, and Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma with Multi-Modal MRI.","(1) Background: Diagnosis of glioblastoma (GBM), solitary brain metastases (SBM), and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) plays a decisive role in the development of personalized treatment plans. Constructing a deep learning classification network to diagnose GBM, SBM, and PCNSL with multi-modal MRI is important and necessary. (2) Subjects: GBM, SBM, and PCNSL were confirmed by histopathology with the multi-modal MRI examination (study from 1225 subjects, average age 53 years, 671 males), 3.0 T T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2-Flair), and Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI). (3) Methods: This paper introduces MFFC-Net, a classification model based on the fusion of multi-modal MRIs, for the classification of GBM, SBM, and PCNSL. The network architecture consists of parallel encoders using DenseBlocks to extract features from different modalities of MRI images. Subsequently, an L1-norm feature fusion module is applied to enhance the interrelationships among tumor tissues. Then, a spatial-channel self-attention weighting operation is performed after the feature fusion. Finally, the classification results are obtained using the full convolutional layer (FC) and Soft-max. (4) Results: The ACC of MFFC-Net based on feature fusion was 0.920, better than the radiomics model (ACC of 0.829). There was no significant difference in the ACC compared to the expert radiologist (0.920 vs. 0.924, "
9001,brain tumour,38392188,,"The OCT4 transcription factor is necessary to maintain cell stemness in the early stages of embryogenesis and is involved in the formation of induced pluripotent stem cells, but its role in oncogenesis is not yet entirely clear. In this work, "
9002,brain tumour,38392060,Expectations and Experiences of Participating in a Supervised and Home-Based Physical Exercise Intervention in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer during Chemoradiotherapy: A Qualitative Study.,"(1) Background: Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for head and neck cancer (HNC) is associated with severe toxicity resulting in fatigue and weight loss, including loss of skeletal muscle mass. Exercise interventions might positively affect physical fitness and quality of life. Sufficient adherence and compliance rates are necessary for optimal effects. This study aimed to gain insight into expectations and experiences and factors influencing adherence, retention and compliance of HNC patients participating in exercise intervention during CRT. (2) Methods: Consecutive participants were invited for semi-structured interviews, conducted pre- and post-intervention. A deductive approach was used to identify themes and factors influencing adherence, retention and compliance. (3) Results: Thematic saturation was reached after interviewing 14 patients pre-intervention. Five themes were identified: planning and time management, treatment toxicity, motivation to exercise, exercise intervention and supervision by a physiotherapist. The intensity of the treatment schedule and treatment toxicity were important barriers. Facilitators mentioned were physical and emotional benefits, social support as well as the simplicity and home-based setting of the intervention. (4) Conclusions: A personalised approach, considering the individual facilitators and barriers of HNC patients, is important to increase adherence, retention and compliance to exercise intervention and to reap the optimal effects of the program."
9003,brain tumour,38392013,"Strain Elastography Fat-to-Lesion Index Is Associated with Mammography BI-RADS Grading, Biopsy, and Molecular Phenotype in Breast Cancer.","Breast cancer (BC) affects millions of women worldwide, causing over 500,000 deaths annually. It is the leading cause of cancer mortality in women, with 70% of deaths occurring in developing countries. Elastography, which evaluates tissue stiffness, is a promising real-time minimally invasive technique for BC diagnosis. This study assessed strain elastography (SE) and the fat-to-lesion (F/L) index for BC diagnosis. This prospective study included 216 women who underwent SE, ultrasound, mammography, and breast biopsy (108 malignant, 108 benign). Three expert radiologists performed imaging and biopsies. Mean F/L index was 3.70 ± 2.57 for benign biopsies and 18.10 ± 17.01 for malignant. We developed two predictive models: a logistic regression model with AUC 0.893, 79.63% sensitivity, 87.62% specificity, 86.9% positive predictive value (+PV), and 80.7% negative predictive value (-PV); and a neural network with AUC 0.902, 80.56% sensitivity, 88.57% specificity, 87.9% +PV, and 81.6% -PV. The optimal Youden F/L index cutoff was >5.76, with 84.26% sensitivity and specificity. The F/L index positively correlated with BI-RADS (Spearman's r = 0.073, "
9004,brain tumour,38391976,In Vitro Glioblastoma Model on a Plate for Localized Drug Release Study from a 3D-Printed Drug-Eluted Hydrogel Mesh.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive type of brain tumor that has limited treatment options. Current standard therapies, including surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, are not very effective due to the rapid progression and recurrence of the tumor. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more effective treatments, such as combination therapy and localized drug delivery systems that can reduce systemic side effects. Recently, a handheld printer was developed that can deliver drugs directly to the tumor site. In this study, the feasibility of using this technology for localized co-delivery of temozolomide (TMZ) and deferiprone (DFP) to treat glioblastoma is showcased. A flexible drug-loaded mesh (GlioMesh) loaded with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles is printed, which shows the sustained release of both drugs for up to a month. The effectiveness of the printed drug-eluting mesh in terms of tumor toxicity and invasion inhibition is evaluated using a 3D micro-physiological system on a plate and the formation of GBM tumoroids within the microenvironment. The proposed in vitro model can identify the effective combination doses of TMZ and DFP in a sustained drug delivery platform. Additionally, our approach shows promise in GB therapy by enabling localized delivery of multiple drugs, preventing off-target cytotoxic effects."
9005,brain tumour,38391974,Signaling Pathways of AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Contribute to the Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Glioblastoma.,"Brain tumors are a diverse collection of neoplasms affecting the brain with a high prevalence rate in people of all ages around the globe. In this pathological context, glioblastoma, a form of glioma that belongs to the IV-grade astrocytoma group, is the most common and most aggressive form of the primary brain tumors. Indeed, despite the best treatments available including surgery, radiotherapy or a pharmacological approach with Temozolomide, glioblastoma patients' mortality is still high, within a few months of diagnosis. Therefore, to increase the chances of these patients surviving, it is critical to keep finding novel treatment opportunities. In the past, efforts to treat glioblastoma have mostly concentrated on customized treatment plans that target specific mutations such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, Neurotrophic Tyrosine Receptor Kinase (NTRK) fusions, or multiple receptors using multi-kinase inhibitors like Sunitinib and Regorafenib, with varying degrees of success. Here, we focused on the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL that has been identified as a mediator for tumor progression and therapy resistance in various cancer types, including squamous cell tumors, small cell lung cancer, and breast cancer. Activated AXL leads to a significant increase in tumor proliferation, tumor cell migration, and angiogenesis in different in vitro and in vivo models of cancer since this receptor regulates interplay with apoptotic, angiogenic and inflammatory pathways. Based on these premises, in this review we mainly focused on the role of AXL in the course of glioblastoma, considering its primary biological mechanisms and as a possible target for the application of the most recent treatments."
9006,brain tumour,38391949,Challenges and Promise for Glioblastoma Treatment through Extracellular Vesicle Inquiry.,"Glioblastoma (GB) is a rare but extremely aggressive brain tumor that significantly impacts patient outcomes, affecting both duration and quality of life. The protocol established by Stupp and colleagues in 2005, based on radiotherapy and chemotherapy with Temozolomide, following maximum safe surgical resection remains the gold standard for GB treatment; however, it is evident nowadays that the extreme intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity, as well as the invasiveness and tendency to recur, of GB are not compatible with a routine and unfortunately ineffective treatment. This review article summarizes the main challenges in the search for new valuable therapies for GB and focuses on the impact that extracellular vesicle (EV) research and exploitation may have in the field. EVs are natural particles delimited by a lipidic bilayer and filled with functional cellular content that are released and uptaken by cells as key means of cell communication. Furthermore, EVs are stable in body fluids and well tolerated by the immune system, and are able to cross physiological, interspecies, and interkingdom barriers and to target specific cells, releasing inherent or externally loaded functionally active molecules. Therefore, EVs have the potential to be ideal allies in the fight against GB and to improve the prognosis for GB patients. The present work describes the main preclinical results obtained so far on the use of EVs for GB treatment, focusing on both the EV sources and molecular cargo used in the various functional studies, primarily in vivo. Finally, a SWOT analysis is performed, highlighting the main advantages and pitfalls of developing EV-based GB therapeutic strategies. The analysis also suggests the main directions to explore to realize the possibility of exploiting EVs for the treatment of GB."
9007,brain tumour,38391756,Jugular Foramen Tumors: Surgical Strategies and Representative Cases.,"(1) Background: Jugular foramen tumors are complex lesions due to their relationship with critical neurovascular structures within the skull base. It is necessary to have a deep knowledge of the anatomy of the jugular foramen and its surroundings to understand each type of tumor growth pattern and how it is related to the surrounding neurovascular structures. This scope aims to provide a guide with the primary surgical approaches to the jugular foramen and familiarize the neurosurgeons with the anatomy of the region. (2) Methods and (3) Results: A comprehensive description of the surgical approaches to jugular foramen tumors is summarized and representative cases for each tumor type is showcased. (4) Conclusions: Each case should be carefully assessed to find the most suitable approach for the patient, allowing the surgeon to remove the tumor with minimal neurovascular damage. The combined transmastoid retro- and infralabyrinthine transjugular transcondylar transtubercular high cervical approach can be performed in a stepwise fashion for the resection of complex jugular foramen tumors."
9008,brain tumour,38391701,Velocity-Selective Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion in Monitoring High Grade Gliomas Following Therapy: Clinical Feasibility at 1.5T and Comparison with Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion.,"MR perfusion imaging is important in the clinical evaluation of primary brain tumors, particularly in differentiating between true progression and treatment-induced change. The utility of velocity-selective ASL (VSASL) compared to the more commonly utilized DSC perfusion technique was assessed in routine clinical surveillance MR exams of 28 patients with high-grade gliomas at 1.5T. Using RANO criteria, patients were assigned to two groups, one with detectable residual/recurrent tumor (""RT"", n = 9), and the other with no detectable residual/recurrent tumor (""NRT"", n = 19). An ROI was drawn to encompass the largest dimension of the lesion with measures normalized against normal gray matter to yield rCBF and tSNR from VSASL, as well as rCBF and leakage-corrected relative CBV (lc-rCBV) from DSC. VSASL (rCBF and tSNR) and DSC (rCBF and lc-rCBV) metrics were significantly higher in the RT group than the NRT group allowing adequate discrimination ("
9009,brain tumour,38391227,Retrosigmoid Transmiddle Cerebellar Peduncle Approach for Resection of a Giant Pontine Cavernous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.,No abstract found
9010,brain tumour,38390494,Modeling the precise interaction of glioblastoma with human brain region-specific organoids.,"Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive malignant tumor of the central nervous system, but the interaction between glioblastoma and different types of neurons remains unclear. Here, we established a co-culture model "
9011,brain tumour,38390266,Brain tumor classification from MRI scans: a framework of hybrid deep learning model with Bayesian optimization and quantum theory-based marine predator algorithm.,"Brain tumor classification is one of the most difficult tasks for clinical diagnosis and treatment in medical image analysis. Any errors that occur throughout the brain tumor diagnosis process may result in a shorter human life span. Nevertheless, most currently used techniques ignore certain features that have particular significance and relevance to the classification problem in favor of extracting and choosing deep significance features. One important area of research is the deep learning-based categorization of brain tumors using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This paper proposes an automated deep learning model and an optimal information fusion framework for classifying brain tumor from MRI images. The dataset used in this work was imbalanced, a key challenge for training selected networks. This imbalance in the training dataset impacts the performance of deep learning models because it causes the classifier performance to become biased in favor of the majority class. We designed a sparse autoencoder network to generate new images that resolve the problem of imbalance. After that, two pretrained neural networks were modified and the hyperparameters were initialized using Bayesian optimization, which was later utilized for the training process. After that, deep features were extracted from the global average pooling layer. The extracted features contain few irrelevant information; therefore, we proposed an improved Quantum Theory-based Marine Predator Optimization algorithm (QTbMPA). The proposed QTbMPA selects both networks' best features and finally fuses using a serial-based approach. The fused feature set is passed to neural network classifiers for the final classification. The proposed framework tested on an augmented Figshare dataset and an improved accuracy of 99.80%, a sensitivity rate of 99.83%, a false negative rate of 17%, and a precision rate of 99.83% is obtained. Comparison and ablation study show the improvement in the accuracy of this work."
9012,brain tumour,38390203,Case report: Complete restoration of the HPA axis function in Cushing's disease with drug treatment.,"This report describes a rare case of a 20-year-old man with an ACTH- and prolactin-secreting invasive pituitary macroadenoma causing hyperprolactinemia and Cushing's disease. He was later found to have an AIP mutation. Treatment with cabergoline (1.5 mg weekly) normalized prolactin concentrations and induced a major shrinkage of the adenoma. Not only was urinary free cortisol normalized for more than 14 years, but also the treatment induced normal hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function as illustrated by the reappearance of a normal cortisol/ACTH circadian rhythm, cortisol suppression to dexamethasone, and disappearance of the excessive and aberrant responses to CRH and desmopressin, respectively. This case is the first description of complete restoration of the physiological characteristics of the HPA axis by a medication during the treatment of Cushing's disease. Although exceptional, it illustrates that drugs targeting the pituitary adenoma can bring true complete remission of Cushing's disease."
9013,brain tumour,38389643,Therapeutic Effects of CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Gastric and Colonic Metastases From Breast Cancer: A Case Report.,"Breast cancer often metastasizes to the lungs, bones, liver, and brain; however, gastric and colonic metastases from breast cancer are rare. Nevertheless, here, we present the case of a 50-year-old woman diagnosed with recurrent breast cancer, exhibiting gastric and colonic metastases that were detected when she experienced intermittent abdominal pain. The differentiation between primary gastric cancer and metastasis from breast cancer was made through immunohistochemical staining. The patient underwent treatment with palbociclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 inhibitor, and anastrozole, with no significant adverse effects. Subsequent upper and lower endoscopic examinations following the initiation of these treatments revealed tumor shrinkage in both gastric and colonic metastases. This case report presents the first instance in which morphological changes in gastrointestinal metastasis induced by CDK4/6 inhibitors could be evaluated."
9014,brain tumour,38389624,Caudal Neuraxial Blocks for Pain Relief From Pelvic Neuropathy Caused by Extensive Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.,"Central neuraxial blocks can be a vital therapeutic tool for neuropathic pain, but they are infrequently implemented for pain management in cancer patients. Upon a literature review, further data on the role or efficacy of central nerve blocks for neuropathic cancer pain would be beneficial. Additionally, evidence-based guidelines and practices are lacking regarding additional interventions for neuropathic pain relief, a common manifestation of cancer burden. Here, we report the case of a 29-year-old male patient who presented in the ED with intractable neuropathic pain from extensive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The patient demonstrated left lower extremity pain, fevers, chills, and tenderness with erythema over the site of his port-a-catheter on his chest. The patient was also hypotensive, despite IV fluid resuscitation. Recent imaging showed a hypermetabolic soft tissue mass in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. There was also extensive cancer spread in the peripheral pelvis, presacral region, and within multiple sacral foramina, with a secondary perineural spread of the tumor. The patient previously positively responded to a caudal nerve block at an outpatient pain clinic. The patient was admitted to the ICU for three days, and following the resolution of sepsis, the patient received caudal and sciatic nerve blocks on admission day 8. Upon further imaging showing metastasis to the brain, the patient was discharged to inpatient hospice on hospitalization day 10 following a palliative conversation with the patient and family."
9015,brain tumour,38389401,"Impact of prior cancer history on survival in brain malignancy: A propensity score-adjusted, population-based study.","Individuals with a Prior Cancer History (PCH) are often excluded from clinical trials. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that prior cancer history does not present adverse outcomes on cancer patients. The evidence on the survival of brain cancer patients in this regard remains widely unknown."
9016,brain tumour,38389383,Segmentation of Brain MRI Images using Multi-Kernel FCM EHO Method.,"In image processing, image segmentation is a more challenging task due to different shapes, locations, image intensities, etc. Brain tumors are one of the most common diseases in the world. So, the detection and segmentation of brain tumors are important in the medical field."
9017,brain tumour,38389382,Enhanced Regularized Ensemble Encoderdecoder Network for Accurate Brain Tumor Segmentation.,"Segmenting tumors in MRI scans is a difficult and time-consuming task for radiologists. This is because tumors come in different shapes, sizes, and textures, making them hard to identify visually."
9018,brain tumour,38389216,A Hangover Under 177 Lu-PSMA-617 Therapy : A Red Flag for Brain 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI?,"Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in prostate cancer is extremely rare. Because of the low overall penetration of drugs into the brain and the prolonged survival of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients, a special attention should be paid to the appearance of neurological symptoms in long-term CRPC survivors. A patient suffering from a CRPC with bone metastases underwent 4 cycles of 177 Lu-PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen)-617. Starting from the third cycle, he reported an increasing feeling of a permanent hangover. A 68 Ga-PSMA-11 brain PET/MRI was carried out after the fourth cycle. It revealed intraparenchymatous brain metastases with intense uptake and evidences of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis."
9019,brain tumour,38389212,Renal Collision Tumor: A Case of Small Cell Lung Cancer Metastasis to Renal Angiomyolipoma.,"A 68-year-old woman presented with chest pain and shortness of breath. Imaging revealed a left hilar mass biopsy-proven as small cell cancer. Concurrently, a macroscopic fat-containing renal lesion consistent with an angiomyolipoma was observed. Systemic therapy achieved stability in the lungs and bones, and palliative radiation targeted the left hilum. However, progressive lung disease and brain metastases necessitated stereotactic radiosurgery for brain lesions. Notably, the renal angiomyolipoma exhibited increased soft tissue component and new focal uptake on FDG PET/CT. Biopsy confirmed metastatic small cell lung cancer within the renal lesion. This case highlights a rare occurrence of a renal collision tumor involving small cell cancer and angiomyolipoma."
9020,brain tumour,38388908,Is two-staged gamma knife surgery a reasonable management option for very large cerebellar metastases? A case series of three patients.,"Two-staged gamma knife surgery (GKS) is a method that may extend the upper tumor volume limit for using GKS in the management of brain metastases. However, the safety of treating very large posterior fossa lesions with this technique has not been well demonstrated. Therefore, we analyzed our experience in treating cerebellar metastases larger than 12 cm"
9021,brain tumour,38388791,A rare case of aneurysmal bone cyst of the anterior clinoid process in an 18-year-old female mimicking optic neuritis.,"Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is an uncommon, benign, vascular multicystic bony lesion that most frequently develops in the first two decades of life. The metaphysis of long bones, pelvic, and vertebral column are the most common locations. The precise underlying pathophysiology of ABCs formation remains unclear; however, it is believed that reactive processes subsequent to trauma or vascular disturbance may play an important role. Involvement of the skull base rarely occurs with a prevalence of up to 5% of intracranial ABCs."
9022,brain tumour,38388432,CD73 mitigates ZEB1 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma.,"ZEB1, a core transcription factor involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is associated with aggressive cancer cell behavior, treatment resistance, and poor prognosis across various tumor types. Similarly, the expression and activity of CD73, an ectonucleotidase implicated in adenosine generation, is an important marker of tumor malignancy. Growing evidence suggests that EMT and the adenosinergic pathway are intricately linked and play a pivotal role in cancer development. Therefore, this study focuses on exploring the correlations between CD73 and ZEB1, considering their impact on tumor progression."
9023,brain tumour,38388422,Synchronous double primary small cell lung cancer and invasive ductal breast carcinoma: a case report.,"Although lung and breast cancers are common malignancies, the occurrence of primary synchronous neoplasms involving these organs has been rarely reported in literature."
9024,brain tumour,38388383,Clinicopathological analysis of rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors.,"This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, diagnostic indicators, and critical factors for the differential diagnosis of rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT)."
9025,brain tumour,38388272,Ependymoma in the pineal region: A case report.,No abstract found
9026,brain tumour,38388061,Ripe papaya pectins inhibit the proliferation of colon cancer spheroids and the formation of chemically induced aberrant crypts in rats colons.,"Pectins are a class of soluble polysaccharides that can have anticancer properties through several mechanisms. This study aimed to characterize the molecular structure of water-soluble fractions (WSF) derived from ripe and unripe papayas and assess their biological effects in two models: the 3D colon cancer spheroids to measure cell viability and cytotoxicity, and the in vivo model to investigate the inhibition of preneoplastic lesions in rats. WSF yield was slightly higher in ripe papaya, and both samples mainly consisted of pectin. Both pectins inhibited the growth of colon cancer HT29 and HCT116 spheroids. Unripe pectin disturbed HT29/NIH3T3 spheroid formation, decreased HCT116 spheroid viability, and increased spheroid cytotoxicity. Ripe pectin had a more substantial effect on the reduction of spheroid viability for HT29 spheroids. Furthermore, in vivo experiments on a rat model revealed a decrease in aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation for both pectins and increased apoptosis in colonocytes for ripe papaya pectins. The results suggest potential anticancer properties of papaya pectin, with ripe pectin showing a higher potency."
9027,brain tumour,38387112,Efficacy of hypofractionated Gamma Knife radiosurgery in treating surgical beds of metastatic brain tumors.,"Surgery alone for metastatic brain tumors (METs) often results in local recurrence due to microscopic residual tumor tissue. While stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is commonly used post-surgery, hypofractionation may be required for large surgical beds. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of hypofractionated Gamma Knife radiosurgery (hf-GKRS) for the first time as a post-operative adjuvant therapy."
9028,brain tumour,38387083,Prognostic value of Mandard score and nodal status for recurrence patterns and survival after multimodal treatment of oesophageal adenocarcinoma.,"This study evaluated the association of pathological tumour response (tumour regression grade, TRG) and a novel scoring system, combining both TRG and nodal status (TRG-ypN score; TRG1-ypN0, TRG>1-ypN0, TRG1-ypN+ and TRG>1-ypN+), with recurrence patterns and survival after multimodal treatment of oesophageal adenocarcinoma."
9029,brain tumour,38386979,Exacerbation of thromboinflammation by JAK2V617F mutation worsens the prognosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.,"Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon venous thromboembolic event accounting for <1% of strokes resulting in brain parenchymal injuries. JAK2V617F mutation, the most frequent driving mutation of myeloproliferative neoplasms, has been reported to be associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with CVST. We investigated whether hematopoietic JAK2V617F expression predisposes to specific pathophysiological processes and/or worse prognosis after CVST. Using an in vivo mouse model of CVST, we analyzed clinical, biological, and imaging outcomes in mice with hematopoietic-restricted Jak2V617F expression, compared with wild-type Jak2 mice. In parallel, we studied a human cohort of JAK2V617F-positive or -negative CVST. Early after CVST, mice with hematopoietic Jak2V617F expression had increased adhesion of platelets and neutrophils in cerebral veins located in the vicinity of CVST. On day 1, Jak2V617F mice had a worse outcome characterized by significantly more frequent and severe intracranial hemorrhages (ICHs) and higher mortality rates. Peripheral neutrophil activation was enhanced, as indicated by higher circulating platelet-neutrophil aggregates, upregulated CD11b expression, and higher myeloperoxydase plasma level. Concurrently, immunohistological and brain homogenate analysis showed higher neutrophil infiltration and increased blood-brain barrier disruption. Similarly, patients with JAK2V617F-positive CVST tended to present higher thrombotic burden and had significantly higher systemic immune-inflammation index, a systemic thromboinflammatory marker, than patients who were JAK2V617F-negative. In mice with CVST, our study corroborates that Jak2V617F mutation leads to a specific pattern including increased thrombotic burden, ICH, and mortality. The exacerbated thromboinflammatory response, observed both in mice and patients positive for JAK2V617F, could contribute to hemorrhagic complications."
9030,brain tumour,38386953,"Evaluation of Pathway to Diagnosis of Pediatric Brain Tumors in Tamil Nadu, India.","Delayed diagnosis and poor awareness are significant barriers to the early intervention of pediatric brain tumors. This multicenter observational study aimed to evaluate the baseline routes and time to diagnosis for pediatric brain tumors in Tamil Nadu (TN), with the goal of promoting early diagnosis and timely referrals in the future."
9031,brain tumour,38386699,Selective DRD2 antagonist and ClpP agonist ONC201 in a recurrent non-midline H3 K27M-mutant glioma cohort.,"Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered (H3 K27M-altered DMG) are invariably lethal, disproportionately affecting the young and without effective treatment besides radiotherapy. The 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumors Classification defined H3 K27M mutations as pathognomonic but restricted diagnosis to diffuse gliomas involving midline structures by 2018. Dordaviprone (ONC201) is an oral investigational small molecule, DRD2 antagonist, and ClpP agonist associated with durable responses in recurrent H3 K27M-mutant DMG. Activity of ONC201 in non-midline H3 K27M-mutant diffuse gliomas has not been reported."
9032,brain tumour,38386578,Shape-Scale Co-Awareness Network for 3D Brain Tumor Segmentation.,"The accurate segmentation of brain tumor is significant in clinical practice. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based methods have made great progress in brain tumor segmentation due to powerful local modeling ability. However, brain tumors are frequently pattern-agnostic, i.e. variable in shape, size and location, which can not be effectively matched by traditional CNN-based methods with local and regular receptive fields. To address the above issues, we propose a shape-scale co-awareness network (S2CA-Net) for brain tumor segmentation, which can efficiently learn shape-aware and scale-aware features simultaneously to enhance pattern-agnostic representations. Primarily, three key components are proposed to accomplish the co-awareness of shape and scale. The Local-Global Scale Mixer (LGSM) decouples the extraction of local and global context by adopting the CNN-Former parallel structure, which contributes to obtaining finer hierarchical features. The Multi-level Context Aggregator (MCA) enriches the scale diversity of input patches by modeling global features across multiple receptive fields. The Multi-Scale Attentive Deformable Convolution (MS-ADC) learns the target deformation based on the multiscale inputs, which motivates the network to enforce feature constraints both in terms of scale and shape for optimal feature matching. Overall, LGSM and MCA focus on enhancing the scale-awareness of the network to cope with the size and location variations, while MS-ADC focuses on capturing deformation information for optimal shape matching. Finally, their effective integration prompts the network to perceive variations in shape and scale simultaneously, which can robustly tackle the variations in patterns of brain tumors. The experimental results on BraTS 2019, BraTS 2020, MSD BTS Task and BraTS2023-MEN show that S2CA-Net has superior overall performance in accuracy and efficiency compared to other state-of-the-art methods. Code: https://github.com/jiangyu945/S2CA-Net."
9033,brain tumour,38386420,Enhancing CAR-T cell metabolism to overcome hypoxic conditions in the brain tumor microenvironment.,"The efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has been limited against brain tumors to date. CAR-T cells infiltrating syngeneic intracerebral SB28 EGFRvIII gliomas revealed impaired mitochondrial ATP production and a markedly hypoxic status compared with ones migrating to subcutaneous tumors. Drug screenings to improve metabolic states of T cells under hypoxic conditions led us to evaluate the combination of the AMPK activator metformin and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (Met+Rap). Met+Rap-pretreated mouse CAR-T cells showed activated PPAR-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) through mTOR inhibition and AMPK activation, and a higher level of mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity than those pretreated with individual drugs or without pretreatment. Moreover, Met+Rap-pretreated CAR-T cells demonstrated persistent and effective antiglioma cytotoxic activities in the hypoxic condition. Furthermore, a single intravenous infusion of Met+Rap-pretreated CAR-T cells significantly extended the survival of mice bearing intracerebral SB28 EGFRvIII gliomas. Mass cytometric analyses highlighted increased glioma-infiltrating CAR-T cells in the Met+Rap group, with fewer Ly6c+CD11b+ monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the tumors. Finally, human CAR-T cells pretreated with Met+Rap recapitulated the observations with murine CAR-T cells, demonstrating improved functions under in vitro hypoxic conditions. These findings advocate for translational and clinical exploration of Met+Rap-pretreated CAR-T cells in human trials."
9034,brain tumour,38386276,Calorie restriction protects against acute systemic LPS-induced inflammation.,"Caloric restriction (CR) has been proposed as a nutritional strategy to combat chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, as well as to delay aging. However, despite the benefits of CR, questions remain about its underlying mechanisms and cellular and molecular targets."
9035,brain tumour,38386272,Simultaneous evaluation of brain metastasis and thoracic cancer using semiconductor ,To investigate the potential of whole-body digital 
9036,brain tumour,38386085,MET receptor serves as a promising target in melanoma brain metastases.,"The development of brain metastases hallmarks disease progression in 20-40% of melanoma patients and is a serious obstacle to therapy. Understanding the processes involved in the development and maintenance of melanoma brain metastases (MBM) is critical for the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we generated transcriptome and methylome profiles of MBM showing high or low abundance of infiltrated Iba1"
9037,brain tumour,38385869,Pituitary neuroendocrine tumor: A neuropsychological comparison with intra-axial tumor.,"Despite pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) being extra-axial tumors without direct damage to brain tissue, patients with PitNET exhibit neuropsychological impairments. However, it remains unclear whether there are neuropsychological differences between PitNET and intra-axial tumors that directly destroy the brain parenchyma. This prospective study aims to clarify this distinction to inform decision-making for intracranial tumors of diverse origins."
9038,brain tumour,38385842,Inequities in the Impacts of Hurricanes and Other Extreme Weather Events for Cancer Survivors.,"In this minireview, we examine the impacts of hurricanes and other extreme weather events on cancer survivors, focusing on structural and social determinants of health. We briefly explore influences on biological, psychosocial, and behavioral outcomes and discuss risk and resilience factors in cancer survivorship during and after hurricanes. Our goal is to inform future directions for research that can identify areas in which we can most efficiently improve cancer outcomes and inform changes in health systems, clinical practice, and public health policies. This timely minireview provides researchers and clinicians with an overview of challenges and opportunities for improving disaster preparedness and response for cancer survivors."
9039,brain tumour,38385677,The Learning Curve and Clinical Outcomes With 250 Laser Ablations for Brain Tumors: A Pathway to Experience.,"Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) has gained popularity as a minimally invasive technique for treating brain tumors. Despite its proven safety profile, LITT is not yet widely available, and there is a lack of data on the learning curve required to achieve proficiency. This study analyzes a 250-patient cohort of laser-ablated tumors to describe changes in patient selection and clinical outcomes over time and experience, with the aim of providing insight into the learning curve for incorporating LITT into a neuro-oncology program and identifying a cutoff point that distinguishes novice from expert performance."
9040,brain tumour,38385539,Robotic stereotactic radiosurgery with CyberKnife - brain metastases and fibrinolysis.,"Deviations in haemostasis are found in about 50 % of patients with cancer and up to 90% of those with metastatic disease. Many studies investigate the dynamics of the processes of coagulation and fibrinolysis and their role as a predictor of therapeutic response, early relapse, or metastasis risk."
9041,brain tumour,38385486,Anti-seizure Effects and Mechanisms of Berberine: A Systematic Review.,Epilepsy is one of the most common in all age groups and disabling neurologic disorders around the world.
9042,brain tumour,38385360,Cell-Penetrating and Enzyme-Responsive Peptides for Targeted Cancer Therapy: Role of Arginine Residue Length on Cell Penetration and In Vivo Systemic Toxicity.,"For the improved delivery of cancer therapeutics and imaging agents, the conjugation of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) increases the cellular uptake and water solubility of agents. Among the various CPPs, arginine-rich peptides have been the most widely used. Combining CPPs with enzyme-responsive peptides presents an innovative strategy to target specific intracellular enzymes in cancer cells and when combined with the appropriate click chemistry can enhance theranostic drug delivery through the formation of intracellular self-assembled nanostructures. However, one drawback of CPPs is their high positive charge which can cause nonspecific binding, leading to off-target accumulation and potential toxicity. Hence, balancing cell-specific penetration, toxicity, and biocompatibility is essential for future clinical efficacy. We synthesized six cancer-specific, legumain-responsive R"
9043,brain tumour,38385332,"Design, synthesis, and evaluation of cyclic C7-bridged monocarbonyl curcumin analogs containing an ","The structure-activity relationship (SAR) between toxicity and the types of linking ketones of C7 bridged monocarbonyl curcumin analogs (MCAs) was not clear yet. In the pursuit of effective and less cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, we conducted a SAR analysis using various diketene skeletons of C7-bridged MCAs, synthesized cyclic C7-bridged MCAs containing the identified low-toxicity cyclopentanone scaffold and an "
9044,brain tumour,38384967,Editorial: From genetic alterations to new molecular targets in pituitary disorders.,No abstract found
9045,brain tumour,38384731,Effects of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation on clinical symptoms and molecular biomarkers in Parkinson's disease.,"Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) is an established neurostimulation therapy used in the treatment of epilepsy, migraine and cluster headache. In this randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial we explored the role of nVNS in the treatment of gait and other motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. In a subgroup of patients, we measured selected neurotrophins, inflammatory markers and markers of oxidative stress in serum. Thirty-three PD patients with freezing of gait (FOG) were randomized to either active nVNS or sham nVNS. After baseline assessments, patients were instructed to deliver six 2  min stimulations (12  min/day) of the active nVNS/sham nVNS device for 1  month at home. Patients were then re-assessed. After a one-month washout period, they were allocated to the alternate treatment arm and the same process was followed. Significant improvements in key gait parameters (speed, stance time and step length) were observed with active nVNS. While serum tumor necrosis factor- α decreased, glutathione and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels increased significantly ("
9046,brain tumour,38384730,Management of patients with rare adult solid cancers: objectives and evaluation of European reference networks (ERN) EURACAN.,"About 500,000 patients with rare adult solid cancers (RASC) are diagnosed yearly in Europe. Delays and unequal quality of management impact negatively their survival. Since 2017, European reference networks (ERN) aim to improve the quality of care of patients with rare disease. The steering committee of EURACAN, including physicians, researchers and patients review here the previous actions, present objectives of the ERN EURACAN dedicated to RASC. EURACAN promoted management in reference centres, and equal implementation of excellence and innovation in Europe and developed 22 clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Additionally, fourteen information brochures translated in 24 EU languages were developed in collaboration with patient advocacy groups (ePAGs) and seventeen training session were organized. Nevertheless, connections to national networks in the 26 participating countries (106 centres), simplification of cross-border healthcare, international multidisciplinary tumour boards, registries and monitoring of the quality of care are still required. In this Health Policy, evaluation criteria of the performances of the network and of health care providers are proposed."
9047,brain tumour,38384457,"Global research trends on innate lymphoid cells in the brain, gut and lung field: a bibliometric and visualized analysis.","ILCs play important roles in the brain, gut, and lungs. Researchers are attempting to establish a research framework on the brain-gut-lung axis using ILCs. However, no one has yet conducted a bibliometric analysis to summarize the findings. In this study, we utilized bibliometrics to analyze the emerging trends and focal areas of ILCs in the brain, intestine, and lung. We aim to provide references for future research on the brain-gut-lung axis."
9048,brain tumour,38384384,Patient-derived organoids recapitulate glioma-intrinsic immune program and progenitor populations of glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly lethal human cancer thought to originate from a self-renewing and therapeutically-resistant population of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). The intrinsic mechanisms enacted by GSCs during 3D tumor formation, however, remain unclear, especially in the stages prior to angiogenic/immunological infiltration. In this study, we performed a deep characterization of the genetic, immune, and metabolic profiles of GBM organoids from several patient-derived GSCs (GBMO). Despite being devoid of immune cells, transcriptomic analysis across GBMO revealed a surprising immune-like molecular program, enriched in cytokine, antigen presentation and processing, T-cell receptor inhibitors, and interferon genes. We find two important cell populations thought to drive GBM progression, Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2"
9049,brain tumour,38384234,"Spatiotemporal Insights into Glioma Oncostream Dynamics: Unraveling Formation, Stability, and Disassembly Pathways.","Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a challenge in Neuro-oncology, with a poor prognosis showing only a 5% survival rate beyond two years. This is primarily due to its aggressiveness and intra-tumoral heterogeneity, which limits complete surgical resection and reduces the efficacy of existing treatments. The existence of oncostreams-neuropathological structures comprising aligned spindle-like cells from both tumor and non-tumor origins- is discovered earlier. Oncostreams are closely linked to glioma aggressiveness and facilitate the spread into adjacent healthy brain tissue. A unique molecular signature intrinsic to oncostreams, with overexpression of key genes (i.e., COL1A1, ACTA2) that drive the tumor's mesenchymal transition and malignancy is also identified. Pre-clinical studies on genetically engineered mouse models demonstrated that COL1A1 inhibition disrupts oncostreams, modifies TME, reduces mesenchymal gene expression, and extends survival. An in vitro model using GFP+ NPA cells to investigate how various treatments affect oncostream dynamics is developed. Analysis showed that factors such as cell density, morphology, neurotransmitter agonists, calcium chelators, and cytoskeleton-targeting drugs influence oncostream formation. This data illuminate the patterns of glioma migration and suggest anti-invasion strategies that can improve GBM patient outcomes when combined with traditional therapies. This work highlights the potential of targeting oncostreams to control glioma invasion and enhance treatment efficacy."
9050,brain tumour,38383875,Hypofractionated stereotactic re-irradiation for progressive glioblastoma: twelve years' experience of a single center.,We aimed to evaluate the prognostic factors and the role of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) as a re-irradiation technique in the management of progressive glioblastoma.
9051,brain tumour,38383868,Takotsubo syndrome linked to paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity as a postoperative complication after brain tumor removal: a case report and literature review.,"Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is a relatively common syndrome typically observed following traumatic brain injury (TBI). It manifests through a combination of non-specific symptoms that collectively define its presentation. Linked to sympathetic hyperactivity, takotsubo syndrome is a cardiomyopathy marked by left ventricular dysfunction and may coincide with PSH. While various factors can lead to the simultaneous occurrence of these syndromes, a notably rare scenario involves their manifestation after brain tumor removal. The nonspecific nature of PSH symptoms and of the cardiac dysfunction in takotsubo syndrome pose challenges in accurately diagnosing these conditions in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting. They often overlap with more prevalent diagnoses like sepsis, pulmonary embolism, and acute heart failure. Thus, it is crucial for clinicians dealing with these patients to be aware that symptoms indicating sympathetic activity surge and left heart failure might prompt consideration of takotsubo syndrome and PSH. This study presents the case of an 8-year-old girl who developed takotsubo syndrome associated with sympathetic hyperactivity following the surgical removal of a bulbar tumor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the tenth case of PSH following brain tumor removal in a pediatric patient and the first reported case of occurrence of takotsubo linked to PSH after brain tumor removal. We offer a detailed account of the patient's clinical journey in the ICU, accompanied by a comprehensive review of relevant literature to identify similar cases. The significance of this case study lies in emphasizing the potential occurrence of takotsubo syndrome due to PSH and underscores the importance of early diagnosis and management due to their association with unfavorable clinical outcomes."
9052,brain tumour,38383806,Auto-segmentation of Adult-Type Diffuse Gliomas: Comparison of Transfer Learning-Based Convolutional Neural Network Model vs. Radiologists.,"Segmentation of glioma is crucial for quantitative brain tumor assessment, to guide therapeutic research and clinical management, but very time-consuming. Fully automated tools for the segmentation of multi-sequence MRI are needed. We developed and pretrained a deep learning (DL) model using publicly available datasets A (n = 210) and B (n = 369) containing FLAIR, T2WI, and contrast-enhanced (CE)-T1WI. This was then fine-tuned with our institutional dataset (n = 197) containing ADC, T2WI, and CE-T1WI, manually annotated by radiologists, and split into training (n = 100) and testing (n = 97) sets. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was used to compare model outputs and manual labels. A third independent radiologist assessed segmentation quality on a semi-quantitative 5-scale score. Differences in DSC between new and recurrent gliomas, and between uni or multifocal gliomas were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Semi-quantitative analyses were compared using the chi-square test. We found that there was good agreement between segmentations from the fine-tuned DL model and ground truth manual segmentations (median DSC: 0.729, std-dev: 0.134). DSC was higher for newly diagnosed (0.807) than recurrent (0.698) (p < 0.001), and higher for unifocal (0.747) than multi-focal (0.613) cases (p = 0.001). Semi-quantitative scores of DL and manual segmentation were not significantly different (mean: 3.567 vs. 3.639; 93.8% vs. 97.9% scoring ≥ 3, p = 0.107). In conclusion, the proposed transfer learning DL performed similarly to human radiologists in glioma segmentation on both structural and ADC sequences. Further improvement in segmenting challenging postoperative and multifocal glioma cases is needed."
9053,brain tumour,38383756,Inhibition of epigenetic and cell cycle-related targets in glioblastoma cell lines reveals that onametostat reduces proliferation and viability in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions.,"The choice of targeted therapies for treatment of glioblastoma patients is currently limited, and most glioblastoma patients die from the disease recurrence. Thus, systematic studies in simplified model systems are required to pinpoint the choice of targets for further exploration in clinical settings. Here, we report screening of 5 compounds targeting epigenetic writers or erasers and 6 compounds targeting cell cycle-regulating protein kinases against 3 glioblastoma cell lines following incubation under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. The viability/proliferation assay indicated that PRMT5 inhibitor onametostat was endowed with high potency under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions in cell lines that are strongly MGMT-positive (T98-G), weakly MGMT-positive (U-251 MG), or MGMT-negative (U-87 MG). In U-251 MG and U-87 MG cells, onametostat also affected the spheroid formation at concentrations lower than the currently used chemotherapeutic drug lomustine. In T98-G cell line, treatment with onametostat led to dramatic changes in the transcriptome profile by inducing the cell cycle arrest, suppressing RNA splicing, and down-regulating several major glioblastoma cell survival pathways. Further validation by immunostaining in three cell lines confirmed that onametostat affects cell cycle and causes reduction in nucleolar protein levels. In this way, inhibition of epigenetic targets might represent a viable strategy for glioblastoma treatment even in the case of decreased chemo- and radiation sensitivity, although further studies in clinically more relevant models are required."
9054,brain tumour,38383743,FDG imaging with long-axial field-of-view PET/CT in patients with high blood glucose-a matched pair analysis.,High blood glucose (hBG) in patients undergoing [
9055,brain tumour,38383693,Protoporphyrin IX in serum of high-grade glioma patients: A novel target for disease monitoring via liquid biopsy.,"High-grade gliomas (HGG) carry a dismal prognosis. Diagnosis comprises MRI followed by histopathological evaluation of tissue; no blood biomarker is available. Patients are subjected to serial MRIs and, if unclear, surgery for monitoring of tumor recurrence, which is laborious. MRI provides only limited diagnostic information regarding the differentiation of true tumor progression from therapy-associated side effects. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is routinely used for induction of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) accumulation in malignant glioma tissue, enabling improved tumor visualization during fluorescence-guided resection (FGR). We investigated whether PpIX can also serve as a serum HGG marker to monitor relapse. Patients (HGG: n = 23 primary, pHGG; n = 5 recurrent, rHGG) undergoing FGR received 5-ALA following standard clinical procedure. The control group of eight healthy volunteers (HCTR) also received 5-ALA. Serum was collected before and repeatedly up to 72 h after drug administration. Significant PpIX accumulation in HGG was observed after 5-ALA administration (ANOVA: p = 0.005, post-hoc: HCTR vs. pHGG p = 0.029, HCTR vs. rHGG p = 0.006). Separation of HCTR from pHGG was possible when maximum serum PpIX levels were reached (CI"
9056,brain tumour,38383496,SMARCA4 Loss and Mutated β-Catenin Induce Proliferative Lesions in the Murine Embryonic Cerebellum.,Almost all medulloblastomas (MB) of the Wingless/Int-1 (WNT) type are characterized by hotspot mutations in 
9057,brain tumour,38383492,Modification of BCLX pre-mRNA splicing has antitumor efficacy alone or in combination with radiotherapy in human glioblastoma cells.,"Dysregulation of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic protein isoforms arising from aberrant splicing is a crucial hallmark of cancers and may contribute to therapeutic resistance. Thus, targeting RNA splicing to redirect isoform expression of apoptosis-related genes could lead to promising anti-cancer phenotypes. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of malignant brain tumor in adults. In this study, through RT-PCR and Western Blot analysis, we found that BCLX pre-mRNA is aberrantly spliced in GBM cells with a favored splicing of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL. Modulation of BCLX pre-mRNA splicing using splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) efficiently elevated the pro-apoptotic isoform Bcl-xS at the expense of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL. Induction of Bcl-xS by SSOs activated apoptosis and autophagy in GBM cells. In addition, we found that ionizing radiation could also modulate the alternative splicing of BCLX. In contrast to heavy (carbon) ion irradiation, low energy X-ray radiation-induced an increased ratio of Bcl-xL/Bcl-xS. Inhibiting Bcl-xL through splicing regulation can significantly enhance the radiation sensitivity of 2D and 3D GBM cells. These results suggested that manipulation of BCLX pre-mRNA alternative splicing by splice-switching oligonucleotides is a novel approach to inhibit glioblastoma tumorigenesis alone or in combination with radiotherapy."
9058,brain tumour,38383468,Exosomes define a local and systemic communication network in healthy pancreas and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.,"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a lethal disease, requires a grasp of its biology for effective therapies. Exosomes, implicated in cancer, are poorly understood in living systems. Here we use the genetically engineered mouse model (ExoBow) to map the spatiotemporal distribution of exosomes from healthy and PDAC pancreas in vivo to determine their biological significance. We show that, within the PDAC microenvironment, cancer cells establish preferential communication routes through exosomes with cancer associated fibroblasts and endothelial cells. The latter being a conserved event in the healthy pancreas. Inhibiting exosomes secretion in both scenarios enhances angiogenesis, underscoring their contribution to vascularization and to cancer. Inter-organ communication is significantly increased in PDAC with specific organs as most frequent targets of exosomes communication occurring in health with the thymus, bone-marrow, brain, and intestines, and in PDAC with the kidneys, lungs and thymus. In sum, we find that exosomes mediate an organized intra- and inter- pancreas communication network with modulatory effects in vivo."
9059,brain tumour,38383423,Single-cell RNA sequencing of anaplastic ependymoma and H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma.,Anaplastic ependymoma and H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma are two common subtypes of brain tumors with poor long-term prognosis. The present study analyzed and compared the differences in cell types between two tumors by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology.
9060,brain tumour,38383421,Parkinson's disease-derived α-synuclein assemblies combined with chronic-type inflammatory cues promote a neurotoxic microglial phenotype.,"Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the aggregation of α-Synuclein (αSYN) building up intraneuronal inclusions termed Lewy pathology. Mounting evidence suggests that neuron-released αSYN aggregates could be central to microglial activation, which in turn mounts and orchestrates neuroinflammatory processes potentially harmful to neurons. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that drive microglial cell activation, polarization and function in PD might have important therapeutic implications. Here, using primary microglia, we investigated the inflammatory potential of pure αSYN fibrils derived from PD patients. We further explored and characterized microglial cell responses to a chronic-type inflammatory stimulation combining PD patient-derived αSYN fibrils (F"
9061,brain tumour,38383210,"Response to comments on: ""Maternal smoking and the risk of childhood brain tumors"".",No abstract found
9062,brain tumour,38382811,Engineered exosomes with enhanced stability and delivery efficiency for glioblastoma therapy.,"Due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the application of chemical drugs for glioblastoma treatment is severely limited. Recently, exosomes have been widely applied for drug delivery to the brain. However, the differences in brain targeting efficiency among exosomes derived from different cell sources, as well as the premature drug leakage during circulation, still limit the therapeutic efficacy. Here, we designed a functional oligopeptide-modified exosome loaded with doxorubicin (Pep2-Exos-DOX) for glioblastoma treatment. BV2 mouse microglial cell line was selected as the exosome source due to the favorable BBB penetration. To avoid drug release in the circulation, a redox-response oligopeptide was designed for incorporation into the membranes of exosomes to lock the drug during circulation. The enrichment of the drug in glioblastoma was confirmed. Pharmacodynamic evaluation showed Pep2-Exos-DOX possessed significant anti-cancer activity against glioblastoma as well as relative biosafety. This exosome-based drug delivery system modified with redox-response oligopeptides provides us a novel strategy for brain diseases treatment."
9063,brain tumour,38382724,Long acting tariquidar loaded stearic acid-modified hydroxyapatite enhances brain penetration and antitumor effect of temozolomide.,"Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first line chemotherapy for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment, but the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expressed in blood-brain barrier (BBB) will pump out TMZ from the brain leading to decreased TMZ concentration. Tariquidar (TQD), a selective and potent P-gp inhibitor, may be suitable for combination therapy to increase concentration of TMZ in brain. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a biodegradable material with sustained release characteristics, and stearic acid surface-modified HAP (SA-HAP) can increase hydrophobicity to facilitate TQD loading. TQD-loaded stearic acid surface-modified HAP (SA-HAP-TQD) was prepared with optimal size and high TQD loading efficiency, and in vitro release and cellular uptake of SA-HAP-TQD showed that SA-HAP-TQD were taken up into lysosome and continuously released TQD from macrophages. In vivo studies have found that over 70 % of SA-HAP was degraded and 80 % of TQD was released from SA-HAP-TQD 28 days after administration. SA-HAP-TQD could increase brain penetration of TMZ, but it would not enhance adverse effects of TMZ in healthy mice. SA-HAP-TQD and TMZ combination had longer median survival than TMZ single therapy in GL261 orthotopic model. These results suggest that SA-HAP-TQD has sustained release characteristics and are potential for improving antitumor effect with TMZ treatment."
9064,brain tumour,38382421,Global prevalence of poor sleep quality in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Poor sleep quality is common in patients with cancer, but the prevalence rates varied widely across studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality among patients with cancer."
9065,brain tumour,38382153,Safety and efficacy of nivolumab in elderly patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Analysis of the NIVOREN GETUG-AFU 26 study.,Immune checkpoint inhibitors are standard of care in metastatic renal cell carcinoma but their activity and safety in elderly patients is insufficiently explored. We evaluated outcomes of elderly patients with mRCC treated with nivolumab in the GETUG-AFU 26 NIVOREN phase 2 trial (NCT03013335) and conducted exploratory circulating biomarker analyses.
9066,brain tumour,20301330,Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome,"Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is characterized by the development of multiple jaw keratocysts, frequently beginning in the second decade of life, and/or basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), usually from the third decade onward. Many individuals have a recognizable appearance with macrocephaly, frontal bossing, coarse facial features, and facial milia. Most individuals have skeletal anomalies (e.g., bifid ribs, wedge-shaped vertebrae). Ectopic calcification, particularly in the falx, is present in 90% of affected individuals by age 30 years. Cardiac and ovarian fibromas occur in approximately 2% and 20% of individuals, respectively. Approximately 5% of all children with NBCCS develop medulloblastoma (primitive neuroectodermal tumor), generally the desmoplastic subtype. The risk of developing medulloblastoma is substantially higher in individuals with an "
9067,brain tumour,38381840,Magnetic soft microfiberbots for robotic embolization.,"Cerebral aneurysms and brain tumors are leading life-threatening diseases worldwide. By deliberately occluding the target lesion to reduce the blood supply, embolization has been widely used clinically to treat cerebral aneurysms and brain tumors. Conventional embolization is usually performed by threading a catheter through blood vessels to the target lesion, which is often limited by the poor steerability of the catheter in complex neurovascular networks, especially in submillimeter regions. Here, we propose magnetic soft microfiberbots with high steerability, reliable maneuverability, and multimodal shape reconfigurability to perform robotic embolization in submillimeter regions via a remote, untethered, and magnetically controllable manner. Magnetic soft microfiberbots were fabricated by thermal drawing magnetic soft composite into microfibers, followed by magnetizing and molding procedures to endow a helical magnetic polarity. By controlling magnetic fields, magnetic soft microfiberbots exhibit reversible elongated/aggregated shape morphing and helical propulsion in flow conditions, allowing for controllable navigation through complex vasculature and robotic embolization in submillimeter regions. We performed in vitro embolization of aneurysm and tumor in neurovascular phantoms and in vivo embolization of a rabbit femoral artery model under real-time fluoroscopy. These studies demonstrate the potential clinical value of our work, paving the way for a robotic embolization scheme in robotic settings."
9068,brain tumour,38381384,BTK Expression Level Prediction and the High-Grade Glioma Prognosis Using Radiomic Machine Learning Models.,"We aimed to study whether the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) expression is correlated with the prognosis of patients with high-grade gliomas (HGGs) and predict its expression level prior to surgery, by constructing radiomic models. Clinical and gene expression data of 310 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were included for gene-based prognostic analysis. Among them, contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1WI + C) from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) with genomic data was selected from 82 patients for radiomic models, including support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression (LR) models. Furthermore, the nomogram incorporating radiomic signatures was constructed to evaluate its clinical efficacy. BTK was identified as an independent risk factor for HGGs through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Three radiomic features were selected to construct the SVM and LR models, and the validation set showed area under curve (AUCs) values of 0.711 (95% CI, 0.598-0.824) and 0.736 (95% CI, 0.627-0.844), respectively. The median survival times of the high Rad_score and low-Rad_score groups based on LR model were 15.53 and 23.03 months, respectively. In addition, the total risk score of each patient was used to construct a predictive nomogram, and the AUCs calculated from the corresponding time-dependent ROC curves were 0.533, 0.659, and 0.767 for 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. BTK is an independent risk factor associated with poor prognosis in patients, and the radiomic model constructed in this study can effectively and non-invasively predict preoperative BTK expression levels and patient prognosis based on T1WI + C."
9069,brain tumour,38381309,Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification to Explore the Pharmacological Mechanisms of Radix Paeoniae Rubra Against Glioma.,"Glioma has a high mortality and can hardly be completely cured. Radix Paeoniae Rubra (RPR) is a prevalent component in traditional Chinese medicine used for tumor treatments. We explored the mechanism of RPR in treating glioma using network pharmacology and experiments. A network pharmacology approach was used to screen active ingredients, targets of RPR and glioma. We then constructed a herb-active ingredient-target-pathway network and conducted protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, as well as Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was also performed. Using CCK-8, colony formation, and xenograft experiments, we evaluated the effect of RPR on glioma. The involved pathway and proteins were identified by Western blot. From public databases, we identified nine active RPR ingredients and 40 overlapping targets among 109 RPR targets and 1360 glioma-associated targets. The PPI analysis revealed ten targets, such as AKT1, TP53, and VEGFA, which were identified as hub genes. The results from GO and KEGG analysis highlighted the involvement of the PI3K/AKT pathway. A herb-active ingredient-target-pathway network was constructed. By docking molecular structures, six suitable conformations have been identified. The RPR extract demonstrated anti-tumor properties by inhibiting glioma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, likely achieved by suppressing the phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. RPR concurrently downregulated the phosphorylation level of AKT1 and the protein expression level of VEGFA, while upregulating the expression of P53 in the U251 cell line. Utilizing network pharmacology and molecular docking, our study not only predicted the impact of RPR on glioma but also delineated the herb-active ingredient-target-pathway network. Experimentally, we confirmed that RPR may exert its anti-tumor properties by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, including AKT1, and by regulating the expression levels of VEGFA and P53."
9070,brain tumour,38381257,Prognostic factors analysis of diffuse midline glioma.,"This study retrospectively analyzes cases of diffuse midline glioma treated with radiotherapy, with the aim of investigating the prognosis of the tumor and its influencing factors."
9071,brain tumour,38381245,MM165 - A Small Hybrid Molecule Modulates the Kynurenine Pathway and Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Memory Deficits and Inflammation.,"Cognitive dysfunctions are now recognized as core symptoms of various psychiatric disorders e.g., major depressive disorder. Sustained immune activation may leads to cognitive dysfunctions. Proinflammatory cytokines shunt the metabolism of tryptophan towards kynurenine and quinolinic acid may accumulate at toxic concentrations. This acid triggers an increase in neuronal nitric oxide synthase function and promotes oxidative stress. The searching for small molecules that can regulate tryptophan metabolites produced in the kynurenic pathway has become an important goal in developing treatments for various central nervous system diseases with an inflammatory component. Previously we have identified a small hybrid molecule - MM165 which significantly reduces depressive-like symptoms caused by inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide administration. In the present study, we investigated whether this compound would mitigate cognitive deficits induced by lipopolysaccharide administration and whether treatment with it would affect the plasma or brain levels of quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid. Neuroinflammation was induced in rats by administering lipopolysaccharide at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight for 10 days. We conducted two tests: novel object recognition and object location, to assess the effect on memory impairment in animals previously treated with lipopolysaccharide. In plasma collected from rats, the concentrations of C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor alfa were determined. The concentrations of kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid were determined in plasma and homogenates obtained from the cerebral cortex of rats. Interleukin 6 in the cerebral cortex of rats was determined. Additionally, the body and spleen mass and spontaneous activity were measured in rats. Our study shows that MM165 may mitigate cognitive deficits induced by inflammation after administration of lipopolysaccharide and alter the concentrations of tryptophan metabolites in the brain. Compounds exhibiting a mechanism of action analogous to that of MM165 may serve as foundational structures for the development of a new class of antidepressants."
9072,brain tumour,38381121,Immunosuppressive role of BDNF in therapy-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer.,"Prostate stromal cells play a crucial role in the promotion of tumor growth and immune evasion in the tumor microenvironment (TME) through intricate molecular alterations in their interaction with prostate cancer (PCa) cells. While the impact of these cells on establishing an immunosuppressive response and influencing PCa aggressiveness remains incompletely understood. Our study shows that the activation of the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)/LIF receptor (LIFR) pathway in both prostate tumor and stromal cells, following androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), leads to the development of an immunosuppressive TME. Activation of LIF/LIFR signaling in PCa cells induces neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) and upregulates immune checkpoint expression. Inhibition of LIF/LIFR attenuates these effects, underscoring the crucial role of LIF/LIFR in linking NED to immunosuppression. Prostate stromal cells expressing LIFR contribute to NED and immunosuppressive marker abundance in PCa cells, while LIFR knockdown in prostate stromal cells reverses these effects. ADT-driven LIF/LIFR signaling induces brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, which, in turn, promotes NED, aggressiveness, and immune evasion in PCa cells. Clinical analyses demonstrate elevated BDNF levels in metastatic castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) and a positive correlation with programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL1) and immunosuppressive signatures. This study shows that the crosstalk between PCa cells and prostate stromal cells enhances LIF/LIFR signaling, contributing to an immunosuppressive TME and NED in PCa cells through the upregulation of BDNF."
9073,brain tumour,38381088,"Response to Letter to the Editor From Salle et al: ""A Prospective, Multicenter, Observational Study of Surgical vs Nonsurgical Management for Pituitary Apoplexy"".",No abstract found
9074,brain tumour,38381038,The University of California San Francisco Brain Metastases Stereotactic Radiosurgery (UCSF-BMSR) MRI Dataset.,
9075,brain tumour,38381004,AIBI Modified Mesoporous Copper Sulfide Nanocomposites for Efficient Non-Oxygen Dependent Free Radicals-Assisted Photothermal Therapy in Uveal Melanoma.,"Uveal melanoma (UM) is an ocular cancer predominantly affecting adults, characterized by challenging diagnostic outcomes. This research endeavors to develop an innovative multifunctional nanocomposite system sensitive to near-infrared (NIR) radiation, serving as both a non-oxygen free-radical generator and a photothermal agent. The designed system combines azobis isobutyl imidazoline hydrochloride (AIBI) with mesoporous copper sulfide (MCuS) nanoparticles. MCuS harnesses NIR laser energy to induce photothermal therapy, converting light energy into heat to destroy cancer cells. Simultaneously, AIBI is activated by the NIR laser to produce alkyl radicals, which induce DNA damage in remaining cancer cells. This distinctive feature equips the designed system to selectively eliminate cancers in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. MCuS is also beneficial to scavenge the overexpressed glutathione (GSH) in the tumor microenvironment. GSH generally consumes free radicals and hiders the PDT effect. To enhance control over AIBI release in cancer cells, 1-tetradecyl alcohol (TD), a phase-changing material, is introduced onto the surface of MCuS nanoparticles to create the final AMPT nanoparticle system. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirm the remarkable anti-tumor efficacy of AMPT. Notably, the study introduces an orthotopic tumor model for UM, demonstrating the feasibility of precise and effective targeted treatment within the ocular system."
9076,brain tumour,38380991,Serum Biomarkers after Adenotonsillectomy for Pediatric OSA: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.,To assess whether adenotonsillectomy improves levels of inflammatory and cardiometabolic markers in children with polysomnographically diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
9077,brain tumour,38380947,POLR2A Mutation is a Poor Prognostic Marker of Cerebellopontine Angle Meningioma.,"Recent molecular analyses have shown that the driver genetic mutations of meningiomas were associated with the anatomic location. Among these, POLR2A mutation is common among lesions in the skull base, mainly in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of POLR2A mutation as a prognostic marker for CPA meningiomas."
9078,brain tumour,38380922,"Letter to the Editor From Salle et al.: ""A Prospective Multicenter Observational Study of Surgical Versus non-surgical Management for Pituitary Apoplexy"".",No abstract found
9079,brain tumour,38380908,Between a Rock and a Hard Place: The Role of DA-Induced Tumor Fibrosis in Prolactinoma Management.,No abstract found
9080,brain tumour,38380844,Neonatal microglia transplantation at early stage but not late stage after traumatic brain injury shows protective effects in mice.,The transplantation of neonatal microglia suppresses neuroinflammation caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI). This research aimed to explore the optimal time point of neonatal microglia transplantation for the best effect on the improvement of long-term cognitive function and inflammatory response in mouse models. qPCR and immunoblotting showed that the level of Iba1 gradually increased to the highest on 
9081,brain tumour,38380807,Serum MYCN as a predictive biomarker of prognosis and therapeutic response in the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence.,"The proto-oncogene MYCN expression marked a cancer stem-like cell population in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and served as a therapeutic target of acyclic retinoid (ACR), an orally administered vitamin A derivative that has demonstrated promising efficacy and safety in reducing HCC recurrence. This study investigated the role of MYCN as a predictive biomarker for therapeutic response to ACR and prognosis of HCC. MYCN gene expression in HCC was analyzed in the Cancer Genome Atlas and a Taiwanese cohort (N = 118). Serum MYCN protein levels were assessed in healthy controls (N = 15), patients with HCC (N = 116), pre- and post-surgical patients with HCC (N = 20), and a subset of patients from a phase 3 clinical trial of ACR (N = 68, NCT01640808). The results showed increased MYCN gene expression in HCC tumors, which positively correlated with HCC recurrence in non-cirrhotic or single-tumor patients. Serum MYCN protein levels were higher in patients with HCC, decreased after surgical resection of HCC, and were associated with liver functional reserve and fibrosis markers, as well as long-term HCC prognosis (>4 years). Subgroup analysis of a phase 3 clinical trial of ACR identified serum MYCN as the risk factor most strongly associated with HCC recurrence. Patients with HCC with higher serum MYCN levels after a 4-week treatment of ACR exhibited a significantly higher risk of recurrence (hazard ratio 3.27; p = .022). In conclusion, serum MYCN holds promise for biomarker-based precision medicine for the prevention of HCC, long-term prognosis of early-stage HCC, and identification of high-response subgroups for ACR-based treatment."
9082,brain tumour,38380727,Quasi-steady-state (QUASS) reconstruction enhances T,The apparent exchange-dependent relaxation (AREX) analysis has been proposed as an effective means to correct T
9083,brain tumour,38380569,"E. globulus leaf EO exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by regulating GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis, thereby alleviating neurological impairment and neuroinflammation in experimental stroke mice.","Aromatic and medicinal plants continue to be a major component of alternative and traditional medicine in the developing countries. Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.) is being employed to cultivation and production in China. However, few studies have reported the chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.) leaf essential oil (E. globulus leaf EO) extracted from Eucalyptus globulus."
9084,brain tumour,38380563,N-homocysteinylation of DJ-1 promotes neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.,"DJ-1, also known as Parkinson's disease protein 7 (Park7), is a multifunctional protein that regulates oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. Dysfunction of DJ-1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increased risk of PD. Here we show that homocysteine thiolactone (HTL), a reactive thioester of homocysteine (Hcy), covalently modifies DJ-1 on the lysine 182 (K182) residue in an age-dependent manner. The N-homocysteinylation (N-hcy) of DJ-1 abolishes its neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, exacerbating cell toxicity. Blocking the N-hcy of DJ-1 restores its protective effect. These results indicate that the N-hcy of DJ-1 abolishes its neuroprotective effect and promotes the progression of PD. Inhibiting the N-hcy of DJ-1 may exert neuroprotective effect against PD."
9085,brain tumour,38380555,An adult with recurrent atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor of the spine.,"Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) are rare and highly malignant CNS neoplasms primarily affecting children. Adult cases are extremely uncommon, with only approximately 92 reported. Spinal AT/RT in adults is particularly rare. Here, we present the case of a 50-year-old patient diagnosed with AT/RT of the spine. Initially, they were diagnosed and treated for a spinal ependymoma. However, after 10 years, a recurrence was detected through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the tumor was reclassified as AT/RT. We discuss the significance of "
9086,brain tumour,38380331,Understanding the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment: leveraging the extracellular matrix to increase immunotherapy efficacy.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) accounts for approximately half of all malignant brain tumors, and it remains lethal with a five-year survival of less than 10%. Despite the immense advancements in the field, it has managed to evade even the most promising therapeutics: immunotherapies. The main reason is the highly spatiotemporally heterogeneous and immunosuppressive GBM tumor microenvironment (TME). Accounting for this complex interplay of TME-driven immunosuppression is key to developing effective therapeutics. This review will explore the immunomodulatory role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by establishing its contribution to the TME as a key mediator of immune responses in GBM. This relationship will help us elucidate therapeutic targets that can be leveraged to develop and deliver more effective immunotherapies."
9087,brain tumour,38380323,Global trends in tumor microenvironment-related research on tumor vaccine: a review and bibliometric analysis.,"Tumor vaccines have become crucial in cancer immunotherapy, but, only a limited number of phase III clinical trials have demonstrated clinical efficacy. The crux of this issue is the inability of tumor vaccines to effectively harmonize the tumor microenvironment with its intricate interplay. One factor that can hinder the effectiveness of vaccines is the natural immunosuppressive element present in the tumor microenvironment. This element can lead to low rates of T-cell response specific to antigens and the development of acquired resistance. Conversely, anticancer vaccines alter the tumor microenvironment in conflicting manners, inducing both immune activation and immunological evasion. Hence, comprehending the correlation between tumor vaccines and the tumor microenvironment would establish a foundation for forthcoming tumor treatment."
9088,brain tumour,38380152,Synthesis and Characterization of Paclitaxel-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles: Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effects and Antimicrobial Activity.,"Carrier system therapies based on combining cancer drugs with nanoparticles have been reported to control tumor growth and significantly reduce the side effects of cancer drugs. We thought that paclitaxel-loaded silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-PTX) were the right carrier to target cancer cells. We also carried out antimicrobial activity experiments as systems formed with nanoparticles have been shown to have antimicrobial activity. In our study, we used easy-to-synthesize and low-cost silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with biocatalytic and photocatalytic advantages as drug carriers. We investigated the antiproliferative activities of silver nanoparticles synthesized by adding paclitaxel on MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma cell line), A549 (lung carcinoma cell line), C6 (brain glioma cell line) cells, and healthy WI-38 (fibroblast normal cell line) cell lines and their antimicrobial activities on 10 different microorganisms. The synthesized AgNPs and AgNPs-PTX were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy. The nanoparticles were spherical in shape, with AgNPs ranging in size from 2.32 to 5.6 nm and AgNPs-PTXs from 24.36 to 58.77 nm. AgNPs demonstrated well stability of -47.3 mV, and AgNPs-PTX showed good stability of -25.4 mV. The antiproliferative effects of the synthesized nanoparticles were determined by XTT (tetrazolium dye; 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfenyl)-(2H)-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide), and the proapoptotic effects were determined by annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining. The effect of AgNPs-PTX was more effective, and anticancer activity was higher than PTX in all cell lines. When selectivity indices were calculated, AgNPs-PTX was more selective in the A549 cell line (SI value 6.53 "
9089,brain tumour,38380108,Anaesthesia Management for Neurosurgery in a Patient With Congenital Lung Agenesis.,"Congenital lung agenesis is a rare congenital abnormality associated with an absence or under-development of either one or both lungs, and its presentation in adulthood is even rarer. We describe a 40-year-old female patient with a history of congenital agenesis of the right lung and a high-grade glioma in the frontal region of the brain presenting for craniotomy and excision of the tumor in an MRI suite. Lung protective strategies of ventilation were utilized intraoperatively. The remote location of the MRI suite made access to extra manpower support challenging. The patient was managed uneventfully and discharged stable to the high-dependency unit. Our case describes how congenital lung agenesis poses a unique set of challenges for anaesthetic management, particularly in neurosurgical patients, and provides guidance to a multidisciplinary team approach."
9090,brain tumour,38379858,Extracellular vesicles as modulators of glioblastoma progression and tumor microenvironment.,"Glioblastoma is the most aggressive brain tumor with extremely poor prognosis in adults. Routine treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy; however, these may lead to rapid relapse and development of therapy-resistant tumor. Glioblastoma cells are known to communicate with macrophages, microglia, endothelial cells, astrocytes, and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to promote tumor preservation. It was recently demonstrated that Glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) participate in bidirectional intercellular communication in the TME. Apart from promoting glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, EVs and their cargos (primarily proteins and miRNAs) can act as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, they can be used as therapeutic tools. In this review, the mechanisms of Glioblastoma-EVs biogenesis and intercellular communication with TME have been summarized. Moreover, there is discussion surrounding EVs as novel diagnostic structures and therapeutic tools for glioblastoma. Finally, unclear questions that require future investigation have been reviewed."
9091,brain tumour,38379321,Associations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor rs6265 polymorphism and cognitive function in breast cancer survivors from a cross-sectional study.,"Breast cancer survivors (BCS) often complain of cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) during and even months after completing primary cancer treatments, particularly chemotherapy. The etiology of CRCI is unknown, but associations of CRCI with germline genetic polymorphisms have been reported, including Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) rs6265 polymorphism. The current study investigated the associations of specific BDNF rs6265 with CRCI."
9092,brain tumour,38378964,Predicting Mismatch Repair Deficiency Status in Endometrial Cancer through Multi-Resolution Ensemble Learning in Digital Pathology.,"For molecular classification of endometrial carcinoma, testing for mismatch repair (MMR) status is becoming a routine process. Mismatch repair deficiency (MMR-D) is caused by loss of expression in one or more of the 4 major MMR proteins: MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PHS2. Over 30% of patients with endometrial cancer have MMR-D. Determining the MMR status holds significance as individuals with MMR-D are potential candidates for immunotherapy. Pathological whole slide image (WSI) of endometrial cancer with immunohistochemistry results of MMR proteins were gathered. Color normalization was applied to the tiles using a CycleGAN-based network. The WSI was divided into tiles at three different magnifications (2.5 × , 5 × , and 10 ×). Three distinct networks of the same architecture were employed to include features from all three magnification levels and were stacked for ensemble learning. Three architectures, InceptionResNetV2, EfficientNetB2, and EfficientNetB3 were employed and subjected to comparison. The per-tile results were gathered to classify MMR status in the WSI, and prediction accuracy was evaluated using the following performance metrics: AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The EfficientNetB2 was able to make predictions with an AUC of 0.821, highest among the three architectures, and an overall AUC range of 0.767 - 0.821 was reported across the three architectures. In summary, our study successfully predicted MMR classification from pathological WSIs in endometrial cancer through a multi-resolution ensemble learning approach, which holds the potential to facilitate swift decisions on tailored treatment, such as immunotherapy, in clinical settings."
9093,brain tumour,38378963,Image Omics Nomogram Based on Incoherent Motion Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Voxels Predicts ATRX Gene Mutation Status of Brain Glioma Patients.,"This study aimed to construct an imaging genomics nomogram based on intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) to predict the status of the alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) gene in patients with brain gliomas. We retrospectively analyzed routine MR and IVIM-DWI data from 85 patients with pathologically confirmed brain gliomas from January 2017 to May 2023. The data were divided into a training set (N=61) and a test set (N=24) in a 7:3 ratio. Regions of interest (ROIs) of brain gliomas, including the solid tumor region (rCET), edema region (rE), and necrotic region (rNec), were delineated using 3D-Slicer software and projected onto the D, D*, and f sequences. A total of 1037 features were extracted from each ROI, resulting in 3111 features per patient. Age was incorporated in the calculation of the Radscore, and a clinical-imaging genomics combined model was constructed, from which a nomogram graph was generated. Separate models were built for the D, D*, and f parameters. The AUC value of the D parameter model was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.93-1.00) in the training set and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.79-1.00) in the validation set, which was significantly higher than that of the D* parameter model (0.90, 0.82) and the f parameter model (0.89, 0.91). The imaging genomics nomogram based on IVIM-DWI can effectively predict the ATRX gene status of patients with brain gliomas, with the D parameter showing the highest efficacy."
9094,brain tumour,38378721,Machine learning-based investigation of regulated cell death for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in glioma patients.,"Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive and malignant type of brain cancer that originates from glial cells in the brain, with a median survival time of 15 months and a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. Regulated cell death (RCD) is the autonomous and orderly cell death under genetic control, controlled by precise signaling pathways and molecularly defined effector mechanisms, modulated by pharmacological or genetic interventions, and plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis of the internal environment. The comprehensive and systemic landscape of the RCD in glioma is not fully investigated and explored. After collecting 18 RCD-related signatures from the opening literature, we comprehensively explored the RCD landscape, integrating the multi-omics data, including large-scale bulk data, single-cell level data, glioma cell lines, and proteome level data. We also provided a machine learning framework for screening the potentially therapeutic candidates. Here, based on bulk and single-cell sequencing samples, we explored RCD-related phenotypes, investigated the profile of the RCD, and developed an RCD gene pair scoring system, named RCD.GP signature, showing a reliable and robust performance in predicting the prognosis of glioblastoma. Using the machine learning framework consisting of Lasso, RSF, XgBoost, Enet, CoxBoost and Boruta, we identified seven RCD genes as potential therapeutic targets in glioma and verified that the SLC43A3 highly expressed in glioma grades and glioma cell lines through qRT-PCR. Our study provided comprehensive insights into the RCD roles in glioma, developed a robust RCD gene pair signature for predicting the prognosis of glioma patients, constructed a machine learning framework for screening the core candidates and identified the SLC43A3 as an oncogenic role and a prediction biomarker in glioblastoma."
9095,brain tumour,38378588,Response to sorafenib in a locally advanced oncocytic cell carcinoma of the thyroid.,"We present the case of a female patient in her late 70s, diagnosed with widely invasive oncocytic cell carcinoma, with extrathyroidal extension, infiltration into the extrathyroidal muscle, involvement of the sternohyoid muscle and infiltration into the external muscle fibres of the oesophagus. Over the following year, metastases were documented in the lungs, bones and brain. Additionally, there was progression of the locally advanced lesion involving the airway and upper gastrointestinal tract. After considering iodine refractoriness, treatment with sorafenib was initiated. Notably, regression of the locoregional lesion at the cervical level was observed following treatment with the multikinase inhibitor."
9096,brain tumour,38378180,Glioblastoma with Probable Intratumoral Adenocarcinoma Metastasis: A Rare Report with Review of Literature.,"""Tumor-to-tumor metastasis,"" an uncommon phenomenon, refers to a primary tumor metastasis into another tumor, with the most frequent donor being lung carcinoma and common recipients being renal cell carcinoma and meningioma. Tumor-to-tumor metastasis occurring in gliomas is rare with less than 20 reports described so far, and that into a glioblastoma is even rarer. We report a 54-year man, diagnosed with glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, with metastasis of an adenocarcinoma into it. On histomorphology, the glial component was composed of astrocytic cells and showed increased mitosis, microvascular proliferation, and focal necrosis. This was intermingled with an adenocarcinomatous tumor with pleomorphic epithelial cells in glands, nests, and sheets. On immunohistochemistry, the adenocarcinomatous areas were positive for AE1/AE3 and TTF1 but negative for glial markers, ruling out adenoid glioblastoma. Further cytogenetic analysis showed EGFR amplification in the glial component but not in the adenocarcinoma component, ruling out glioblastoma with true epithelial metaplasia, and supporting the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma metastasis into glioblastoma. Glioblastomas may be susceptible to intratumoral metastasis due to the proliferating leaky vascular channels, however, the short survival of patients with glioblastoma may be responsible for the rarity of this occurrence. The documentation of these tumors is important as they may be important for clinical diagnosis and further treatment and prognosis."
9097,brain tumour,38378035,Looking through the imaging perspective: the importance of imaging necrosis in glioma diagnosis and prognostic prediction - single centre experience.,The aim of the study was to investigate the diagnostic value of imaging necrosis (Im
9098,brain tumour,38377966,Cribriform-morular Thyroid Carcinoma Arising in a Medulloblastoma Survivor: Two Metachronous Tumors Shared with the Activation of the Wnt Signaling Pathway.,"Wnt signaling pathway activation is involved in the pathogenesis of a series of malignant tumors and is characterized by the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin protein. The occurrence of two or more Wnt pathway-associated tumors in a single individual is uncommon and generally attributed to inherited cancer syndrome, especially familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Herein, we presented a rare case of a child who suffered from the occurrence of Wnt-activated medulloblastoma and cribriform-morular thyroid carcinoma (CMTC) within a 9-year interval. She had no history of FAP and harbored an unexpected somatic mutation of the "
9099,brain tumour,38377883,Stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases arising from gynecological malignancies: A retrospective treatment outcome analysis.,"This retrospective study aims to assess the efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the treatment of brain metastases (BM) originating from gynecological cancers. It focuses on local control (LC), distant tumor control (DTC), and overall survival (OS)."
9100,brain tumour,38377785,"Efficacy and safety of intrathecal pemetrexed for TKI-failed leptomeningeal metastases from EGFR+ NSCLC: an expanded, single-arm, phase II clinical trial.","This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intrathecal pemetrexed (IP) for treating patients with leptomeningeal metastases (LM) from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who progressed from epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment in an expanded, prospective, single-arm, phase II clinical study (ChiCTR1800016615)."
9101,brain tumour,38377774,Sotorasib in KRAS G12C-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: A multicenter real-world experience from the compassionate use program in Germany.,Sotorasib is a first-in-class KRAS p.G12C-inhibitor that has entered clinical trials in pretreated patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 2018. First response rates were promising in the CodeBreaK trials. It remains unclear whether response to sotorasib and outcomes differ in a real-world setting when including patients underrepresented in clinical trials.
9102,brain tumour,38377646,Language outcomes in children who underwent surgery for the removal of a posterior fossa tumor: A systematic review.,Children who underwent posterior fossa tumor removal may have spoken or written language impairments. The present systematic review synthesized the literature regarding the language outcomes in this population. Benefits of this work were the identification of shortcomings in the literature and a starting point toward formulating guidelines for postoperative language assessment.
9103,brain tumour,38377626,Characterizing the association between CSF biomarkers and risk for ventriculoperitoneal shunt following posterior fossa tumor resection in a case-control study.,"Recalcitrant hydrocephalus necessitating permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion is a known complication after resection of a posterior fossa tumor (PFT). Various CSF contents, such as protein and other markers, have been variably correlated with the need for permanent CSF diversion. This study aims to evaluate which CSF laboratory values are associated with permanent CSF diversion following PFT resection in adults."
9104,brain tumour,38377560,Discovery of Novel ,"Targeting tumor stemness is an innovative approach to cancer treatment. Zinc Finger Protein 207 (ZNF207) is a promising target for weakening the stemness of glioma cells. Here, a series of novel "
9105,brain tumour,38377402,The dosimetric parameters impact on local recurrence in stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases.,"Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for brain metastases (BM) allows very good local control (LC). However, approximately 20%-30% of these lesions will recur. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the impact of dosimetric parameters on LC in cerebral SRT."
9106,brain tumour,38377189,Dysregulated inter-mitochondrial crosstalk in glioblastoma cells revealed by in situ cryo-electron tomography.,"Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most lethal primary brain tumors with limited survival, even under aggressive treatments. The current therapeutics for GBMs are flawed due to the failure to accurately discriminate between normal proliferating cells and distinctive tumor cells. Mitochondria are essential to GBMs and serve as potential therapeutical targets. Here, we utilize cryo-electron tomography to quantitatively investigate nanoscale details of randomly sampled mitochondria in their native cellular context of GBM cells. Our results show that compared with cancer-free brain cells, GBM cells own more inter-mitochondrial junctions of several types for communications. Furthermore, our tomograms unveil microtubule-dependent mitochondrial nanotunnel-like bridges in the GBM cells as another inter-mitochondrial structure. These quantified inter-mitochondrial features, together with other mitochondria-organelle and intra-mitochondrial ones, are sufficient to distinguish GBM cells from cancer-free brain cells under scrutiny with predictive modeling. Our findings decipher high-resolution inter-mitochondrial structural signatures and provide clues for diagnosis and therapeutic interventions for GBM and other mitochondria-related diseases."
9107,brain tumour,38376917,The impact of cancer metastases on COVID-19 outcomes: A COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium registry-based retrospective cohort study.,"COVID-19 can have a particularly detrimental effect on patients with cancer, but no studies to date have examined if the presence, or site, of metastatic cancer is related to COVID-19 outcomes."
9108,brain tumour,38376861,Using MRI radiomics to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy for brain metastasis in patients with small cell lung cancer.,"Brain metastases (BMs) are common in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in these patients is uncertain. In this study we aimed to develop and validate a radiomics nomogram based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for intracranial efficacy prediction of ICIs in patients with BMs from SCLC."
9109,brain tumour,38376848,Glioblastoma patients' survival and its relevant risk factors during the pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 pandemic: real-world cohort study in the USA and China.,"Although the COVID-19 pandemic has exerted potential impact on patients with glioblastomas (GBMs), it remains unclear whether the survival and its related risk factors of GBM patients would be altered or not during the period spanning from pre-COVID-19 to post-COVID-19 pandemic era. This study aimed to clarify the important issues above."
9110,brain tumour,38376795,"lncRNA TMEM161B-AS1 screened the onset of oral squamous cell carcinoma in HPV-infected patients, predicted poor prognosis, and regulated cell progression via modulating the miR-651-5p/BDNF axis.","Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has become the most common HPV-related cancer with high invasion and metastasis. Exploring biomarkers for the screening and monitoring of OSCC, especially for the HPV-OSCC, would benefit patients' diagnosis and prognosis. This study evaluated the significance and mechanism of TMEM161B-AS1 and miR-651-5p in HPV-OSCC aiming to provide novel insight into the mechanism of HPV-OSCC development. Expression of TMEM161B-AS1 and miR-561-5p was analyzed in healthy individuals, HPV-infected non-OSCC patients, and HPV-OSCC patients using PCR. Their significance in HPV-OSCC occurrence and prognosis was evaluated by logistic regression, ROC, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox regression analysis. In OSCC cells, CCK8 and Transwell assays were employed for assessing cell growth and metastasis. The luciferase reporter assay and cell transfection were performed to evaluate the regulatory association between TMEM161B-AS1, miR-561-5p, and BDNF. Significant upregulation of TMEM161B-AS1 and downregulation of miR-561-5p were observed in oral HPV-infected patients. Both TMEM161B-AS1 and miR-651-5p served as risk factors for the occurrence of OSCC in oral HPV-infected patients and could distinguish HPV-OSCC patients from HPV-infected non-OSCC patients. Increased TMEM161B-AS1 and reduced miR-561-5p indicated severe development and adverse prognosis of HPV-OSCC patients. In OSCC cells, silencing TMEM161-AS1 suppressed cell proliferation and motility via negatively modulating miR-561-5p. miR-561-5p negatively regulated BDNF, which was considered the underlying mechanism of TMEM161B-AS1. Increasing TMEM161B-AS expression and decreasing miR-561-5p showed the occurrence of OSCC in HPV-infected patients and predicted malignant development and adverse prognosis. TMEME161B-AS1 served as a tumor promoter via regulating the miR-561-5p/BDNF axis."
9111,brain tumour,38376766,Validation of a methylation-based signature for subventricular zone involvement in glioblastoma.,Glioblastomas (GBM) with subventricular zone (SVZ) contact have previously been associated with a specific epigenetic fingerprint. We aim to validate a reported bulk methylation signature to determine SVZ contact.
9112,brain tumour,38376714,Structural and functional changes following brain surgery in pediatric patients with intracranial space-occupying lesions.,"We explored the structural and functional changes of the healthy hemisphere of the brain after surgery in children with intracranial space-occupying lesions. We enrolled 32 patients with unilateral intracranial space-occupying lesions for brain imaging and cognitive assessment. Voxel-based morphometry and surface-based morphometry analyses were used to investigate the structural images of the healthy hemisphere. Functional images were analyzed using regional homogeneity, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, and fractional-amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations. Voxel-based morphometry and surface-based morphometry analysis used the statistical model built into the CAT 12 toolbox. Paired t-tests were used for functional image and cognitive test scores. For structural image analysis, we used family-wise error correction of peak level (p < 0.05), and for functional image analysis, we use Gaussian random-field theory correction (voxel p < 0.001, cluster p < 0.05). We found an increase in gray matter volume in the healthy hemisphere within six months postoperatively, mainly in the frontal lobe. Regional homogeneity and fractional-amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations also showed greater functional activity in the frontal lobe. The results of cognitive tests showed that psychomotor speed and motor speed decreased significantly after surgery, and reasoning increased significantly after surgery. We concluded that in children with intracranial space-occupying lesions, the healthy hemisphere exhibits compensatory structural and functional effects within six months after surgery. This effect occurs mainly in the frontal lobe and is responsible for some higher cognitive compensation. This may provide some guidance for the rehabilitation of children after brain surgery."
9113,brain tumour,38376625,Integrated Molecular and Histological Insights for Targeted Therapies in Mesenchymal Sinonasal Tract Tumors.,"This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of mesenchymal sinonasal tract tumors (STTs), a distinct subset of STTs. Despite their rarity, mesenchymal STTs represent a unique clinical challenge, characterized by their rarity, often slow progression, and frequently subtle or overlooked symptoms. The complex anatomy of the sinonasal area, which includes critical structures such as the orbit, brain, and cranial nerves, further complicates surgical treatment options. This underscores an urgent need for more advanced and specialized therapeutic approaches."
9114,brain tumour,38376564,NnU-Net versus mesh growing algorithm as a tool for the robust and timely segmentation of neurosurgical 3D images in contrast-enhanced T1 MRI scans.,"This study evaluates the nnU-Net for segmenting brain, skin, tumors, and ventricles in contrast-enhanced T1 (T1CE) images, benchmarking it against an established mesh growing algorithm (MGA)."
9115,brain tumour,38376544,Is radiomics a useful addition to magnetic resonance imaging in the preoperative classification of PitNETs?,"The WHO 2021 introduced the term pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs) for pituitary adenomas and incorporated transcription factors for subtyping, prompting the need for fresh diagnostic methods. Current biomarkers struggle to distinguish between high- and low-risk non-functioning PitNETs. We explored if radiomics can enhance preoperative decision-making."
9116,brain tumour,38376530,Brain stem tumors in children less than 3 months: Clinical and radiologic findings of a rare disease.,Brain stem tumors in children < 3 months at diagnosis are extremely rare. Our aim is to study a retrospective cohort to improve the understanding of the disease course and guide patient management.
9117,brain tumour,38376527,Educational stereoscopic representation of a step-by-step brain white fiber dissection according to Klingler's method.,"Understanding and teaching the three-dimensional architecture of the brain remains difficult because of the intricate arrangement of grey nuclei within white matter tracts. Although cortical area functions have been well studied, educational and three-dimensional descriptions of the organization of deep nuclei and white matter tracts are still missing."
9118,brain tumour,38376454,Transfer learning for auto-segmentation of 17 organs-at-risk in the head and neck: Bridging the gap between institutional and public datasets.,"Auto-segmentation of organs-at-risk (OARs) in the head and neck (HN) on computed tomography (CT) images is a time-consuming component of the radiation therapy pipeline that suffers from inter-observer variability. Deep learning (DL) has shown state-of-the-art results in CT auto-segmentation, with larger and more diverse datasets showing better segmentation performance. Institutional CT auto-segmentation datasets have been small historically (n < 50) due to the time required for manual curation of images and anatomical labels. Recently, large public CT auto-segmentation datasets (n > 1000 aggregated) have become available through online repositories such as The Cancer Imaging Archive. Transfer learning is a technique applied when training samples are scarce, but a large dataset from a closely related domain is available."
9119,brain tumour,38376452,Identification and verification on prognostic index of glioblastoma immune-related lncRNAs.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common cause of primary brain malignancy. Recently, many immune-related long noncoding ribonucleic acids (ir-lncRNAs) are indicated to be closely related to the regulation of the immune microenvironment and immune cell infiltration of GBM."
9120,brain tumour,38376344,RhoGDIβ inhibition via miR-200c/AUF1/SOX2/miR-137 axis contributed to lncRNA MEG3 downregulation-mediated malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells.,"Nickel pollution is a recognized factor contributing to lung cancer. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of its carcinogenic effects is crucial for lung cancer prevention and treatment. Our previous research identified the downregulation of a long noncoding RNA, maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), as a key factor in transforming human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) into malignant cells following nickel exposure. In our study, we found that deletion of MEG3 also reduced the expression of RhoGDIβ. Notably, artificially increasing RhoGDIβ levels counteracted the malignant transformation caused by MEG3 deletion in HBECs. This indicates that the reduction in RhoGDIβ contributes to the transformation of HBECs due to MEG3 deletion. Further exploration revealed that MEG3 downregulation led to enhanced c-Jun activity, which in turn promoted miR-200c transcription. High levels of miR-200c subsequently increased the translation of AUF1 protein, stabilizing SOX2 messenger RNA (mRNA). This stabilization affected the regulation of miR-137, SP-1 protein translation, and the suppression of RhoGDIβ mRNA transcription and protein expression, leading to cell transformation. Our study underscores the co-regulation of RhoGDIβ expression by long noncoding RNA MEG3, multiple microRNAs (miR-200c and miR-137), and RNA-regulated transcription factors (c-Jun, SOX2, and SP1). This intricate network of molecular events sheds light on the nature of lung tumorigenesis. These novel findings pave the way for developing targeted strategies for the prevention and treatment of human lung cancer based on the MEG3/RhoGDIβ pathway."
9121,brain tumour,38376284,Antiproliferative effect of Potentilla fulgens on glioblastoma cancer cells through downregulation of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor that is common among adults. This aggression is due to increased invasion, migration, proliferation, angiogenesis, and decreased apoptosis. Plant-based compounds have a high potential to be used as an anticancer agent due to their various mechanisms and less undesirable side effects. Potentilla fulgens is a medicinal plant, and methanolic root extract of P. fulgens (PRE) has anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties."
9122,brain tumour,38376162,Supraorbital Eyebrow Approach for Translamina Terminalis Resection of Third Ventricle Metastasis: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.,No abstract found
9123,brain tumour,38376150,Single Versus Fractionated Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas Close to the Optic Pathway: A Multicenter Propensity Score Matched Study.,"Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS), typically administered in a single session (S-GKRS), is an effective treatment for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA). For lesions close to the optic pathway, the use of hypofractionated radiosurgery is growing. This study seeks to compare the results of S-GKRS vs fractionated-GKRS (F-GKRS) for NFPAs adjacent to the optic pathway."
9124,brain tumour,38376046,Nicorandil attenuates cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury via inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation: Involvement of BDNF and NGF.,"Cognitive impairment is a prevalent adverse consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The neuroprotective effects of nicorandil (N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-nicotinamide nitrate) has been previously documented, yet its protective effects against cognitive dysfunction post-TBI remain unclear. Hence, the present study was aimed to evaluate whether nicorandil attenuates cognitive dysfunction in TBI rats and the underlying mechanism behind this process."
9125,brain tumour,38375704,Development and validation of a nomogram and risk stratification system to predict overall survival after surgical repair for pediatric patients with medulloblastoma based on easily accessible variables.,This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram and risk stratification system for the overall survival of pediatric patients with medulloblastoma after surgical repair.
9126,brain tumour,38375702,Butin attenuates behavioral disorders via cholinergic/BDNF/Caspase-3 pathway in scopolamine-evoked memory deficits in rats.,"Recent research suggests that butin may also exert neuroprotective effects. However, its influence on cognitive performance and, specifically, its potential to mitigate scopolamine-induced memory impairment remains unexplored. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of butin on the cognitive and behavioral performance of rats with scopolamine-induced memory impairment."
9127,brain tumour,38375203,The prognosis of TP53 and EGFR co-mutation in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma and intracranial metastasis treated with EGFR-TKIs.,"TP53 mutation is a poor factor for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), while the effect of TP53 on prognosis in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with brain metastasis remains elusive and needs further exploration."
9128,brain tumour,38374924,Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Presenting as an Isolated Brain Lesion 6 Years After Treatment.,"Intracranial metastasis is a rare sequela of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), typically presenting within the first 2 years after primary tumor detection. Our patient is a 72-year-old man diagnosed with an EAC in 2015 and presented with recurrence of a distant solitary brain lesion approximately 6 years after the initial diagnosis. Histological diagnosis was confirmed as EAC with all relevant indicators. In addition, we used genomic profiling to detect biomarkers that can be useful in the future for therapies."
9129,brain tumour,38374411,Usefulness of pituitary high-resolution 3D MRI with deep-learning-based reconstruction for perioperative evaluation of pituitary adenomas.,To evaluate the diagnostic value of T1-weighted 3D fast spin-echo sequence (CUBE) with deep learning-based reconstruction (DLR) for depiction of pituitary adenoma and parasellar regions on contrast-enhanced MRI.
9130,brain tumour,38373915,MTFN: multi-temporal feature fusing network with co-attention for DCE-MRI synthesis.,"Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. However, obtaining complete eight temporal images of DCE-MRI requires a long scanning time, which causes patients' discomfort in the scanning process. Therefore, to reduce the time, the multi temporal feature fusing neural network with Co-attention (MTFN) is proposed to generate the eighth temporal images of DCE-MRI, which enables the acquisition of DCE-MRI images without scanning. In order to reduce the time, multi-temporal feature fusion cooperative attention mechanism neural network (MTFN) is proposed to generate the eighth temporal images of DCE-MRI, which enables DCE-MRI image acquisition without scanning."
9131,brain tumour,38373763,Effects of electroacupuncture on repairing neurological damage following ischemic stroke based on miR-381-mediated SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway.,"To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the miR-381, leucine-rich repeat C4 protein (LRRC4), and downstream stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) signaling pathway in rat model of ischemic stroke, and to explore the mechanism by which EA improves neurological damage following ischemic stroke."
9132,brain tumour,38373658,Microbeam Radiation Therapy Opens a Several Days' Vessel Permeability Window for Small Molecules in Brain Tumor Vessels.,"Synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy (MRT), based on an inhomogeneous geometric and microscopic irradiation pattern of the tissues with high-dose and high-dose-rate x-rays, enhances the permeability of brain tumor vessels. This study attempted to determine the time and size range of the permeability window induced by MRT in the blood-brain (tumor) barrier."
9133,brain tumour,38373595,Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: A novel promising neuroprotective agent for Alzheimer's disease.,"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of neurons in the brain. However, there are no effective drugs for AD. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSCs-EVs), as a new mediator of intercellular communication, are associated with low immunogenicity, low risk of tumor formation, and good safety profile. Therefore, MSCs-EVs may be a safe and attractive cell-free nanotherapeutics, offering a new perspective for AD treatment. Although preclinical studies have demonstrated that MSCs-EVs have significant neuroprotective effects, the underlying mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to: outline the diagnostic and delivery roles of MSCs-EVs for AD treatment; summarize the optimal sources and delivery methods of MSCs-EVs; provide a comprehensive review on the neuroprotective mechanisms of MSCs-EVs; explore how to enhance the neuroprotective effects of MSCs-EVs; and discuss the limitations and potential of their translation to the clinic. Therefore, this study may provide a more precise theoretical reference and practical basis for clinical research of MSCs-EVs."
9134,brain tumour,38373491,"[Indirect causes of maternal deaths (except stroke, cardiovascular diseases and infections) in France 2016-2018].","Maternal deaths from indirect obstetric cause result from a preexisting condition or a condition that occurred during pregnancy without obstetric causes but was aggravated by the physiological effects of pregnancy. Twenty-nine deaths with an indirect cause related to a preexisting condition, excluding circulatory diseases or infections, were analysed by the expert committee. Pre-pregnancy pathology was documented in 16 women (epilepsy, n=7; amyloid angiopathy, n=1; Dandy-Walker syndrome, n=1; autoimmune diseases, n=3; diffuse infiltrative pneumonitis, n=1; thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, n=1; ovarian cancer in fragile X, n=1; major sickle cell disease, n=1). In 13 women, the pathology was unknown before pregnancy (breast cancer, n=9, epilepsy diagnosed during pregnancy, n=1, brain tumours, n=2 meningioma type, macrophagic activation syndrome, n=1). Death was associated with neoplastic or tumour pathology in 13 women (45%). At the same time, epilepsy was responsible for the death of 8 women (27%), making it the most common cause of death. For both neoplasia and epilepsy, about 50% of deaths were preventable, mainly due to undiagnosed and/or delayed treatment in the case of cancer and failure to monitor or adjust treatment in the case of epilepsy. Pre-conception counselling is therefore strongly recommended if a woman has a known chronic medical condition prior to pregnancy. Finally, if there is a family history of breast cancer, a breast examination is strongly recommended from the first visit during pregnancy, and any breast lumps should be investigated as soon as possible to avoid delaying appropriate treatment."
9135,brain tumour,38373302,Autoimmune Disorders Associated With Surgical Remission of Cushing's Disease : A Cohort Study.,"Glucocorticoids suppress inflammation. Autoimmune disease may occur after remission of Cushing's disease (CD). However, the development of autoimmune disease in this context is not well described."
9136,brain tumour,38373283,Deep learning segmentation of organs-at-risk with integration into clinical workflow for pediatric brain radiotherapy.,"Radiation therapy (RT) of pediatric brain cancer is known to be associated with long-term neurocognitive deficits. Although target and organs-at-risk (OARs) are contoured as part of treatment planning, other structures linked to cognitive functions are often not included. This paper introduces a novel automatic segmentation tool specifically designed for the unique challenges posed by pediatric patients undergoing brain RT, as well as its seamless integration into the existing clinical workflow."
9137,brain tumour,38372904,Imaging as an early biomarker to predict sensitivity to everolimus for progressive NF2-related vestibular schwannoma.,"NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2) is characterized by bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VS) often causing hearing and neurologic deficits, with currently no FDA-approved drug treatment. Pre-clinical studies highlighted the potential of mTORC1 inhibition in delaying schwannoma progression. We conducted a prospective open-label, phase II study of everolimus for progressive VS in NF2 patients and investigated imaging as a potential biomarker predicting effects on growth trajectory."
9138,brain tumour,38372903,The risk and burden of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events in patients with malignant gliomas receiving bevacizumab.,Bevacizumab has evolved as an integral treatment option for patients with high-grade gliomas. Little is known about clinical risk factors that predispose patients with high-grade gliomas receiving bevacizumab to VTE or ICH. We sought to characterize the clinical risk factors associated with risk of either event.
9139,brain tumour,38372902,Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and brain metastases in gastroesophageal carcinoma: a real-world analysis of clinical and pathologic characteristics and outcomes.,Brain metastasis (BrM) and Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis (LMC) are uncommon complications in gastroesophageal carcinoma (GEC) patients. These patients have a poor prognosis and are challenging to treat. We described the clinicopathologic features and outcomes in the largest cohort of Central Nervous System (CNS) metastasis in GEC patients.
9140,brain tumour,38372901,Radio-pathomic maps of glioblastoma identify phenotypes of non-enhancing tumor infiltration associated with bevacizumab treatment response.,"Autopsy-based radio-pathomic maps of glioma pathology have shown substantial promise inidentifying areas of non-enhancing tumor presence, which may be able to differentiate subsets of patients that respond favorably to treatments such as bevacizumab that have shown mixed efficacy evidence. We tested the hypthesis that phenotypes of non-enhancing tumor fronts can distinguish between glioblastoma patients that will respond favorably to bevacizumab and will visually capture treatment response."
9141,brain tumour,38372820,Verbal fluency predicts work resumption after awake surgery in low-grade glioma patients.,"Resuming professional activity after awake surgery for diffuse low-grade glioma (DLGG) is an important goal, which is not reached in every patient. Cognitive deficits can occur and persist after surgery. In this study, we analyzed the impact of mild cognitive impairments on the work resumption."
9142,brain tumour,38372666,Deterministic reprogramming and signaling activation following targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer driven by mutations or oncogenic fusions.,"Targeted therapy is used to treat lung adenocarcinoma caused by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain and rare subtypes (<5%) of non-small cell lung cancer. These subtypes include fusion oncoproteins like anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS1, rearranged during transfection (RET), and other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). The use of diverse selective oral inhibitors, including those targeting rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations, has significantly improved clinical responses, extending progression-free and overall survival."
9143,brain tumour,38372284,CREB: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Treating Psychiatric Disorders.,"Psychiatric disorders are complex, multifactorial illnesses. It is challenging for us to understand the underlying mechanism of psychiatric disorders. In recent years, the morbidity of psychiatric disorders has increased yearly, causing huge economic losses to the society. Although some progress, such as psychotherapy drugs and electroconvulsive therapy, has been made in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive and autism spectrum disorders, antidepressants and psychotropic drugs have the characteristics of negative effects and high rate of relapse. Therefore, researchers continue to seek suitable interventions. cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) belongs to a protein family and is widely distributed in the majority of brain cells that function as a transcription factor. It has been demonstrated that CREB plays an important role in neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal growth. This review provides a 10-year update of the 2013 systematic review on the multidimensional roles of CREB-mediated transcriptional signaling in psychiatric disorders. We also summarize the classification of psychiatric disorders and elucidate the involvement of CREB and related downstream signalling pathways in psychiatric disorders. Importantly, we analyse the CREB-related signal pathways involving antidepressants and antipsychotics to relieve the pathological process of psychiatric disorders. This review emphasizes that CREB signalling may have a vast potential to treat psychiatric disorders like depression. Furthermore, it would be helpful for the development of potential medicine to make up for the imperfection of current antidepressants and antipsychotics."
9144,brain tumour,38372259,Sellar Reconstruction With a Bioabsorbable Plate After Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Pituitary Adenoma Resection: Safe and Efficacious.,To report outcomes of a large cohort of patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) for resection of a pituitary adenoma with subsequent Resorb-X plate (RXP) sellar reconstruction.
9145,brain tumour,38372219,Serum Interleukin-38 and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Primary Brain Tumors.,"Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and brain stromal cells produce immunosuppressive cytokines, contributing to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Interleukin-38 (IL-38) is a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine and a natural modulator of the innate and adaptive immune system. However, its biological roles in brain tumors are not well defined."
9146,brain tumour,38372105,Identification and validation of a novel 9-gene signature of non-specific classification to predict prognosis in glioma patients.,"This study aimed to identify and validate a 9-gene signature for predicting overall survival (OS) in glioma patients. Analysis of multiple gene expression datasets led to the identification of 135 candidate genes associated with OS in glioma patients. Further analysis revealed that IGFBP2, PBK, NRXN3, TGIF1, DNAJA4, and LGALS3BP were identified as risk factors for OS, while ENAH, PPP2R2C, and SPHKAP were found to be protective factors. Multifaceted validation using different databases confirmed their differential expression patterns in glioma tissues compared to normal brain tissue. By utilizing LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis, a risk score was developed based on the expression levels of the 9 crucial genes. The risk score showed a significant correlation with OS in both training and validation cohorts and yielded superior predictive accuracy compared to individual gene expression. Moreover, a predictive nomogram incorporating the risk score, WHO grade, age, IDH mutation, and 1p/19q co-deletion was constructed and validated, which exhibited high predictive capabilities for survival rates at different time points. Enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of extracellular matrix-related pathways and immune system signaling in glioma prognosis. Furthermore, the risk score showed a strong correlation with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression, suggesting its potential role in the tumor immune microenvironment. In conclusion, our study provides a robust 9-gene signature and a predictive nomogram for evaluating the prognosis of glioma patients, offering valuable insights into personalized treatment strategies."
9147,brain tumour,38371830,"Barbaloin's Chemical Intervention in Aluminum Chloride Induced Cognitive Deficits and Changes in Rats through Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Cytokines, and BDNF Expression.","Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a long-term neurodegenerative condition characterized by impaired cognitive functions, particularly in the domains of learning and memory. Finding promising options for AD can be successful with a medication repurposing strategy. The goal of the research was to examine the neuroprotective characteristics of barbaloin in aluminum chloride (AlCl"
9148,brain tumour,38371163,Intraventricular Subependymoma With Obstructive Hydrocephalus: A Case Report and Literature Review.,"Subependymomas are benign tumors of the ventricles that grow from the ventricular wall into the cerebrospinal fluid spaces within the brain, obstructing the flow of the cerebrospinal fluid and causing obstructive hydrocephalus. It is estimated that ependymomas represent between 0.2% and 0.7% of all intracranial tumors. They arise most frequently in the fourth ventricle (50-60%) and the lateral ventricles (30-40%). We present the case of a 50-year-old patient, previously diagnosed with an intraventricular process, admitted in our clinic. At neurological examination, the patient was cooperative, bradylalic, and bradypsychic, with right hemiparesis, postural and balance disorders, and occasionally sphincteric incontinence. MRI with contrast described a left intraventricular tumor, in the frontal horn of the left lateral ventricle with homogeneous appearance, with a maximum diameter of 50 mm and base of insertion at the adjacent ependyma of the foramen of Monro, which determined obstructive hydrocephalus. Total resection of the left intraventricular cerebral tumor was achieved. Histopathological analysis revealed a subependymoma. Postoperative recovery was slowly favorable, with significant neurological improvement. At neurological examination at three-month follow-up, the patient's right hemiparesis and unsystematized balance disorders improved. A contrast-enhanced CT scan was performed, highlighting left frontal sequelae hypodensity corresponding to the operated tumor, enlarged left lateral ventricle without active hydrocephalus, and no sign of tumor recurrence. At six-month follow-up, clinico-radiologic findings coincide with those from three-month follow-up. Subependymomas are slow-growing (grade 1) tumors and generally have a favorable prognosis. Unfortunately, due to their anatomical level, multiple complications can arise, caused from obstructive hydrocephalus complications, such as cognitive dysfunction and incontinence. Tumor resection should be complete, a successful operation being a challenge for every neurosurgeon."
9149,brain tumour,38371146,Augmented Reality-Assisted Placement of Ommaya Reservoir for Cyst Aspiration: A Case Report.,"Image guidance technologies can significantly improve the accuracy and safety of intracranial catheter insertions. Augmented reality (AR) allows surgeons to visualize 3D information overlaid onto a patient's head. As such, AR has emerged as a novel image guidance technology that offers unique advantages when navigating intracranial targets. A 71-year-old woman with a history of brain metastasis from breast cancer and prior resection surgery and chemotherapy presented with altered mental status and generalized weakness worse on her left side. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated right frontotemporoparietal edema with a contrast-enhancing mass. MR perfusion confirmed an active tumor with an enlarging right temporal pole cyst. A cyst aspiration was performed via Ommaya reservoir placement. Neuro-navigation (BrainLab, Munich, Germany) and AR navigation were used to plan the trajectory from the temporal gyrus to the cyst. Post-operative computed tomography (CT) demonstrated good placement of the reservoir, reconstitution of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle with decreased external mass effect, and no areas of hemorrhage. AR has tremendous potential in the field of neurosurgery for improving the accuracy and safety of procedures. This case demonstrates an encouraging application of AR and can serve as an example to drive expanded clinical use of this technology."
9150,brain tumour,38371127,Intraventricular Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma: A Case Report and Systemic Review.,"We present a unique case of a 45-year-old male with cerebral palsy, who experienced walking difficulties and altered consciousness. The initial MRI revealed an intraventricular mass that rapidly enlarged over a month, consisting of two distinct components with different characteristics on CT and MRI, and was associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum. Despite initial treatment, surgical intervention was necessary, where preoperative imaging suggested an exophytically growing glioblastoma. However, postsurgical pathological examination identified the mass as pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA), World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System (CNS) grade 3. This study is notable for its rarity and complexity, challenging standard diagnostic approaches. PXA is an uncommon astrocytic tumor, and its occurrence intraventricularly is extremely rare. This study highlights its unique imaging features and the critical role of MRI in preoperative assessment, underlining the tumor's unusual intraventricular location, and its relationship with corpus callosum agenesis. Our comprehensive review of PXA's history and imaging spectrum offers valuable insights for neuroradiologists and neurosurgeons, emphasizing the diagnostic challenges of such rare tumor locations and the importance of meticulous MRI analysis for accurate diagnosis."
9151,brain tumour,38370799,A Simple and Scalable Zebrafish Model of Sonic Hedgehog Medulloblastoma.,"Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children and is stratified into three major subgroups. The Sonic hedgehog (SHH) subgroup represents ~30% of all MB cases and has significant survival disparity depending upon TP53 status. Here, we describe the first zebrafish model of SHH MB using CRISPR to mutate "
9152,brain tumour,38370784,Gene regulatory network topology governs resistance and treatment escape in glioma stem-like cells.,"Poor prognosis and drug resistance in glioblastoma (GBM) can result from cellular heterogeneity and treatment-induced shifts in phenotypic states of tumor cells, including dedifferentiation into glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). This rare tumorigenic cell subpopulation resists temozolomide, undergoes proneural-to-mesenchymal transition (PMT) to evade therapy, and drives recurrence. Through inference of transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) of patient-derived GSCs (PD-GSCs) at single-cell resolution, we demonstrate how the topology of transcription factor interaction networks drives distinct trajectories of cell state transitions in PD-GSCs resistant or susceptible to cytotoxic drug treatment. By experimentally testing predictions based on TRN simulations, we show that drug treatment drives surviving PD-GSCs along a trajectory of intermediate states, exposing vulnerability to potentiated killing by siRNA or a second drug targeting treatment-induced transcriptional programs governing non-genetic cell plasticity. Our findings demonstrate an approach to uncover TRN topology and use it to rationally predict combinatorial treatments that disrupts acquired resistance in GBM."
9153,brain tumour,38370699,SREBP-dependent regulation of lipid homeostasis is required for progression and growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.,"Metabolic reprogramming is a necessary component of oncogenesis and cancer progression that solid tumors undergo when their growth outstrips local nutrient supply. The supply of lipids such as cholesterol and fatty acids is required for continued tumor cell proliferation, and oncogenic mutations stimulate de novo lipogenesis to support tumor growth. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors control cellular lipid homeostasis by activating genes required for lipid synthesis and uptake. SREBPs have been implicated in the progression of multiple cancers, including brain, breast, colon, liver, and prostate. However, the role the SREBP pathway and its central regulator SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not been studied in detail. Here, we demonstrated that pancreas-specific knockout of "
9154,brain tumour,38370665,Restricting CAR T Cell Trafficking Expands Targetable Antigen Space.,"Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are an effective treatment for some blood cancers. However, the lack of tumor-specific surface antigens limits their wider use. We identified a set of surface antigens that are limited in their expression to cancer and the central nervous system (CNS). We developed CAR T cells against one of these antigens, LINGO1, which is widely expressed in Ewing sarcoma (ES). To prevent CNS targeting, we engineered LINGO1 CAR T cells lacking integrin α"
9155,brain tumour,38370418,Molecular and immunological features of TREM1 and its emergence as a prognostic indicator in glioma.,"Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1), which belongs to the Ig-like superfamily expressed on myeloid cells, is reportedly involved in various diseases but has rarely been studied in glioma. In this study, the prognostic value and functional roles of TREM2 in glioma were analyzed. TERM1 was observed to be significantly upregulated in GBM compared to in other grade gliomas and was associated with poor prognosis. Increased TREM1 accompanied distinct mutation and amplification of driver oncogenes. Moreover, gene ontology and KEGG analyses showed that TREM1 might play a role in immunologic biological processes in glioma. TREM1 was also found to be tightly correlated with immune checkpoint molecules. xCell research revealed a link between TREM1 expression and multiple immune cell types, especially monocytes and macrophages. Single-cell analysis and immunofluorescence results showed that macrophages expressed TREM1. "
9156,brain tumour,38370355,"Prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas: male-specific differences in pathogenesis, clinical presentation and treatment.","Prolactinomas (PRLomas) constitute approximately half of all pituitary adenomas and approximately one-fifth of them are diagnosed in males. The clinical presentation of PRLomas results from direct prolactin (PRL) action, duration and severity of hyperprolactinemia, and tumor mass effect. Male PRLomas, compared to females, tend to be larger and more invasive, are associated with higher PRL concentration at diagnosis, present higher proliferative potential, are more frequently resistant to standard pharmacotherapy, and thus may require multimodal approach, including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and alternative medical agents. Therefore, the management of PRLomas in men is challenging in many cases. Additionally, hyperprolactinemia is associated with a significant negative impact on men's health, including sexual function and fertility potential, bone health, cardiovascular and metabolic complications, leading to decreased quality of life. In this review, we highlight the differences in pathogenesis, clinical presentation and treatment of PRLomas concerning the male sex."
9157,brain tumour,38370033,Editorial: 15 Years of Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience: astrocytes in brain disease.,No abstract found
9158,brain tumour,38370014,"Impact of prolonged exposure to occasional and regular waterpipe smoke on cardiac injury, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in male mice.","Regular waterpipe smoking (Reg-WPS) is well recognized for its deleterious effect on the heart. However, there is a paucity of experimental studies on the impact of occasional waterpipe smoking (Occ-WPS), also known as nondaily smoking, versus Reg-WPS on cardiac homeostasis, and the mechanisms underlying these effects. Hence, we aimed, in the present study, to investigate the effect of Occ-WPS (30 min/day, 1 day/week) versus Reg-WPS (30 min/day, 5 days/week) for 6 months on systolic blood pressure (SBP), cardiac injury, oxidative markers, chemokines, proinflammatory cytokines, DNA damage and mitochondrial function compared with air (control) exposed mice. Our results show that SBP was increased following exposure to either Occ-WPS or Reg-WPS compared with air-exposed mice. Moreover, we found that only Reg-WPS induced a significant elevation in the levels of troponin I, brain natriuretic peptide, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase. However, the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was significantly increased in both Occ-WPS and Reg-WPS groups. Compared with air-exposed mice, the levels of lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were only significantly augmented in the Reg-WPS. However, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and CXCL1 were significantly increased in both Occ-WPS and Reg-WPS. The concentrations of the adhesion molecules E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were solely elevated in the heart of mice exposed to Reg-WPS. Similarly, the concentrations of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α were only significantly augmented in the Reg-WPS. However, both Occ-WPS and Reg-WPS triggered significant augmentation in the levels of IL17 and DNA damage compared to the control groups. Furthermore, while Occ-WPS induced a slight but statistically insignificant elevation in the concentrations of mammalian targets of rapamycin and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) expression, Reg-WPS exposure increased their levels substantially, in addition to p53 and mitochondrial complexes II & III, and IV activities compared with air-exposed mice. In conclusion, our findings show that while the long-term Occ-WPS exposure induced an elevation of SBP, ANP, antioxidant enzymes, IL17, CXCL1, and cardiac DNA damage, Reg-WPS exposure was consistently associated with the elevation of SBP and occurrence of cardiac damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction."
9159,brain tumour,38369937,The systematic identification of survival-related alternative splicing events and splicing factors in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, making it one of the most life-threatening human cancers. Nevertheless, research on the mechanism of action between alternative splicing (AS) and splicing factor (SF) or biomarkers in GBM is limited. AS is a crucial post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism. More than 95% of human genes undergo AS events. AS can diversify the expression patterns of genes, thereby increasing the diversity of proteins and playing a significant role in the occurrence and development of tumors. In this study, we downloaded 599 clinical data and 169 transcriptome analysis data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Besides, we collected AS data about GBM from TCGA-SpliceSeq. The overall survival (OS) related AS events in GBM were determined through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) and Cox analysis. Subsequently, the association of these 1825 OS-related AS events with patient survival was validated using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve, risk curve analysis, and independent prognostic analysis. Finally, we depicted the AS-SF regulatory network, illustrating the interactions between splicing factors and various AS events in GBM. Additionally, we identified three splicing factors (RNU4-1, SEC31B, and CLK1) associated with patient survival. In conclusion, based on AS occurrences, we developed a predictive risk model and constructed an interaction network between GBM-related AS events and SFs, aiming to shed light on the underlying mechanisms of GBM pathogenesis and progression."
9160,brain tumour,38369844,Self-attention-based generative adversarial network optimized with color harmony algorithm for brain tumor classification.,"This paper proposes a novel approach, BTC-SAGAN-CHA-MRI, for the classification of brain tumors using a SAGAN optimized with a Color Harmony Algorithm. Brain cancer, with its high fatality rate worldwide, especially in the case of brain tumors, necessitates more accurate and efficient classification methods. While existing deep learning approaches for brain tumor classification have been suggested, they often lack precision and require substantial computational time.The proposed method begins by gathering input brain MR images from the BRATS dataset, followed by a pre-processing step using a Mean Curvature Flow-based approach to eliminate noise. The pre-processed images then undergo the Improved Non-Sub sampled Shearlet Transform (INSST) for extracting radiomic features. These features are fed into the SAGAN, which is optimized with a Color Harmony Algorithm to categorize the brain images into different tumor types, including Gliomas, Meningioma, and Pituitary tumors. This innovative approach shows promise in enhancing the precision and efficiency of brain tumor classification, holding potential for improved diagnostic outcomes in the field of medical imaging. The accuracy acquired for the brain tumor identification from the proposed method is 99.29%. The proposed BTC-SAGAN-CHA-MRI technique achieves 18.29%, 14.09% and 7.34% higher accuracy and 67.92%,54.04%, and 59.08% less Computation Time when analyzed to the existing models, like Brain tumor diagnosis utilizing deep learning convolutional neural network with transfer learning approach (BTC-KNN-SVM-MRI); M3BTCNet: multi model brain tumor categorization under metaheuristic deep neural network features optimization (BTC-CNN-DEMFOA-MRI), and efficient method depending upon hierarchical deep learning neural network classifier for brain tumour categorization (BTC-Hie DNN-MRI) respectively."
9161,brain tumour,38369653,Amide proton transfer weighted imaging in pediatric neuro-oncology: initial experience.,"Amide proton transfer weighted (APTw) imaging enables in vivo assessment of tissue-bound mobile proteins and peptides through the detection of chemical exchange saturation transfer. Promising applications of APTw imaging have been shown in adult brain tumors. As pediatric brain tumors differ from their adult counterparts, we investigate the radiological appearance of pediatric brain tumors on APTw imaging. APTw imaging was conducted at 3 T. APTw maps were calculated using magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry at 3.5 ppm. First, the repeatability of APTw imaging was assessed in a phantom and in five healthy volunteers by calculating the within-subject coefficient of variation (wCV). APTw images of pediatric brain tumor patients were analyzed retrospectively. APTw levels were compared between solid tumor tissue and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and between pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) and pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) using t-tests. APTw maps were repeatable in supratentorial and infratentorial brain regions (wCV ranged from 11% to 39%), except those from the pontine region (wCV between 39% and 50%). APTw images of 23 children with brain tumor were analyzed (mean age 12 years ± 5, 12 male). Significantly higher APTw values are present in tumor compared with NAWM for both pHGG and pLGG (p < 0.05). APTw values were higher in pLGG subtype pilocytic astrocytoma compared with other pLGG subtypes (p < 0.05). Non-invasive characterization of pediatric brain tumor biology with APTw imaging could aid the radiologist in clinical decision-making."
9162,brain tumour,38369644,Optimal sequence of LT for symptomatic BM in EGFR-mutant NSCLC: a comparative study of first-line EGFR-TKIs with/without upfront LT.,The third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) can penetrate blood-brain barrier and are effective for brain metastases (BMs). There is no consensus on the optimal sequence of local therapy (LT) and EGFR-TKIs for symptomatic BM patients because patients suffering neurological symptoms were not enrolled in most clinical trials.
9163,brain tumour,38369614,Patients with both cancer and psychosis-to what extent do they receive specialized palliative care.,Schizophrenia and advanced cancer are complex conditions that impact life expectancy. This study aimed to examine the receipt of specialized palliative care (SPC) in patients with metastatic cancer and a coexisting diagnosis of psychosis compared to patients with cancer only. Secondary objectives included analyzing differences in emergency visits and place of death in relation to receipt of SPC.
9164,brain tumour,38369265,"Pan-cancer analysis predicts CANT1 as a potential prognostic, immunologic biomarker.","CANT1, calcium-activated nucleotidase 1, was reported to be upregulated in certain tumors. However, the function mechanism of CANT1 in pan-cancer is still unclear."
9165,brain tumour,38369003,From lymphopenia to restoration: IL-7 immunotherapy for lymphocyte recovery in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma, the most prevalent malignant primary brain tumor, presents substantial treatment challenges because of its inherent aggressiveness and limited therapeutic options. Lymphopenia, defined as reduced peripheral blood lymphocyte count, commonly occurs as a consequence of the disease and its treatment. Recent studies have associated lymphopenia with a poor prognosis. Factors that contribute to lymphopenia include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and the tumor itself. Patients who are female, older, using dexamethasone, or receiving higher doses of radiation therapy are particularly vulnerable to this condition. Several preclinical studies have explored the use of interleukin-7, a crucial cytokine for lymphocyte homeostasis, to restore lymphocyte counts and potentially rebuild the immune system to combat glioblastoma cells. With the development of recombinant interleukin-7 for prolonged activity in the body, various clinical trials are underway to explore this treatment in patients with glioblastoma. Our study provides a comprehensive summary of the incidence of lymphopenia, its potential biological background, and the associated clinical risk factors. Furthermore, we reviewed several clinical trials using IL-7 cytokine therapy in glioblastoma patients. We propose IL-7 as a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for glioblastoma treatment. We are optimistic that our study will enhance understanding of the complex interplay between lymphopenia and glioblastoma and will pave the way for the development of more effective treatment modalities."
9166,brain tumour,38368660,Insights from an advisory board: Facilitating transition of care into adulthood in brain cancer survivors with acquired pediatric growth hormone deficiency.,"Children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) face multiple challenges that can negatively impact the transition from pediatric to adult endocrinology care. For children with GHD resulting from brain cancer or its treatment, the involvement of oncology care providers and possible disease-related comorbidities add further complexity to this transition."
9167,brain tumour,38368567,Effects of KLF11 on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and its Underlying Mechanisms in Intracranial Aneurysm.,"Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) affect the phenotypic changes in intracranial aneurysm (IA). They exhibit enhanced dissociation and migration and play a key role in IA pathogenesis. KLF transcription factor 11 (KLF11), a member of the KLF family, significantly affects the cancer cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, its expression, biological functions, and latent action mechanisms in IA remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze the effects of KLF11 on H"
9168,brain tumour,38368566,Histological types of brain tumors diagnosed at the Kenyatta National Hospital between 2016 and 2019: a retrospective study.,"To determine the histological types of brain tumors diagnosed at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya."
9169,brain tumour,38368287,Downregulating DNA methyltransferase 3B by suppressing the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway enhances the chemosensitivity of glioblastoma to temozolomide.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor and has the poorest prognosis attributed to its chemoresistance to temozolomide (TMZ), the first-line drug for treating GBM. TMZ resistance represents a significant obstacle to successful GBM treatment, necessitating the development of new strategies to overcome this resistance and augment the chemosensitivity of GBM cells to TMZ. This study established a TMZ-resistant U251 (U251-TMZ) cell line by exposing it to increasing doses of TMZ in vitro. We focused on the DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) gene, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), total Akt (t-Akt), phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K), and total PI3K (t-PI3K) protein expression. Results showed that the DNMT3B gene was significantly upregulated in the U251-TMZ cell line. The p-Akt and p-PI3K protein expression in U251-TMZ cells was also significantly elevated. Moreover, we found that DNMT3B downregulation was correlated with the increased chemosensitivity of GBM cells to TMZ. LY294002 suppressed the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, leading to a notable inhibition of PI3K phosphorylation and a significant decrease in DNMT3B expression in U251-TMZ cells. Given that DNMT3B expression is mediated by the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, its downregulation further increased the chemosensitivity of GBM cells to TMZ and therefore is a promising therapeutic for GBM treatment. Our results suggested that DNMT3B downregulation can inhibit the proliferation of GBM cells and induce GBM cell apoptosis in vitro. In addition, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway plays an important role in the chemosensitivity of GBM cells to TMZ by regulating DNMT3B expression."
9170,brain tumour,38368229,Predicting Survival with Brain Metastases in the Stereotactic Radiosurgery Era: are Existing Prognostic Scores Still Relevant? Or Can we do Better?,"Predicting survival is essential to tailoring treatment for patients diagnosed with brain metastases. We have evaluated the performance of widely used, validated prognostic scoring systems (Graded Prognostic Assessment and diagnosis-specific Graded Prognostic Assessment) in over 1000 'real-world' patients treated with stereotactic radiosurgery to the brain, selected according to National Health Service commissioning criteria. Survival outcomes from our dataset were consistent with those predicted by the prognostic systems, but with certain cancer subtypes showing a significantly better survival than predicted. Although performance status remains the simplest tool for prediction, total brain tumour volume emerges as an independent prognostic factor, and a new, improved, prognostic scoring system incorporating this has been developed."
9171,brain tumour,38367939,Brainstem toxicity after proton or photon therapy in children and young adults with localized intracranial ependymoma: A French retrospective study.,"Ependymoma is the third most frequent childhood braintumor. Standard treatment is surgery followed by radiation therapy including proton therapy (PBT). Retrospective studies have reported higher rates of brainstem injury after PBT than after photon therapy (XRT). We report a national multicenter study of the incidence of brainstem injury after XRT versus PBT, and their correlations with dosimetric data."
9172,brain tumour,38367362,Sleep deprivation from mid-gestation leads to impaired of motor coordination in young offspring mice with microglia activation in the cerebellar vermis.,To investigate the effects of mid-pregnancy sleep deprivation (SD) in C57BL/6 J mice on the motor coordination of the offspring and to explore the potential mechanism of microglia activation in the cerebellar vermis of the offspring involved in the induction of impaired motor coordination development.
9173,brain tumour,38367313,Incidence trends of adult glioma in Norway and its association with occupation and education: A registry-based cohort study.,"Gliomas constitute 75 % of all malignant primary adult brain tumors. Being the most frequent histologic subtype, glioblastomas (GBMs) cause substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide and the Nordic countries have some of the highest incidence rates in the world. Therefore, we investigated the incidence of gliomas in Norway including time trends and associations with education and occupation."
9174,brain tumour,38366847,Dual p38MAPK and MEK inhibition disrupts adaptive chemoresistance in mesenchymal glioblastoma to temozolomide.,"Precision treatment of glioblastoma is increasingly focused on molecular subtyping, with the mesenchymal subtype particularly resistant to temozolomide. Here, we aim to develop a targeted therapy for temozolomide resensitization in the mesenchymal subtype."
9175,brain tumour,38366824,Interim FDG-PET improves treatment failure prediction in primary central nervous system lymphoma: An LOC network prospective multicentric study.,The purpose of our study was to assess the predictive and prognostic role of 2-18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/MRI during high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy (HD-MBC) in de novo primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) patients aged 60 and above.
9176,brain tumour,38366656,"PM2.5, vegetation density, and childhood cancer: a case-control registry-based study from Texas 1995-2011.","Air pollution is positively associated with some childhood cancers, whereas greenness is inversely associated with some adult cancers. The interplay between air pollution and greenness in childhood cancer etiology is unclear. We estimated the association between early-life air pollution and greenness exposure and childhood cancer in Texas (1995 to 2011)."
9177,brain tumour,38366650,Serum Prolactin Levels and Mortality in Adults Without Prolactinoma: A Meta-Analysis.,"Prolactin (PRL) is a highly versatile, multifunctional hormone synthesized and secreted by lactotroph cells of the anterior pituitary. Its metabolic role has been extensively studied even in normoprolactinemic populations. Recently, a wealth of observational data have outlined the potential prognostic value of PRL in various clinical settings."
9178,brain tumour,38366590,Vascular characterization reveals immunomodulatory targets for brain metastases.,"Brain metastases are clinically challenging due to the unique brain microenvironment. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Bejarano et al. use transcriptional profiling and data integration to shed light on the molecular and cellular composition of the vasculature in brain metastases, identifying CD276 as an immunomodulatory target for therapy."
9179,brain tumour,38366293,Generative Adversarial Networks for Brain MRI Synthesis: Impact of Training Set Size on Clinical Application.,"We evaluated the impact of training set size on generative adversarial networks (GANs) to synthesize brain MRI sequences. We compared three sets of GANs trained to generate pre-contrast T1 (gT1) from post-contrast T1 and FLAIR (gFLAIR) from T2. The baseline models were trained on 135 cases; for this study, we used the same model architecture but a larger cohort of 1251 cases and two stopping rules, an early checkpoint (early models) and one after 50 epochs (late models). We tested all models on an independent dataset of 485 newly diagnosed gliomas. We compared the generated MRIs with the original ones using the structural similarity index (SSI) and mean squared error (MSE). We simulated scenarios where either the original T1, FLAIR, or both were missing and used their synthesized version as inputs for a segmentation model with the original post-contrast T1 and T2. We compared the segmentations using the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) for the contrast-enhancing area, non-enhancing area, and the whole lesion. For the baseline, early, and late models on the test set, for the gT1, median SSI was .957, .918, and .947; median MSE was .006, .014, and .008. For the gFLAIR, median SSI was .924, .908, and .915; median MSE was .016, .016, and .019. The range DSC was .625-.955, .420-.952, and .610-.954. Overall, GANs trained on a relatively small cohort performed similarly to those trained on a cohort ten times larger, making them a viable option for rare diseases or institutions with limited resources."
9180,brain tumour,38366223,Cellular uptake and in vivo distribution of mesenchymal-stem-cell-derived extracellular vesicles are protein corona dependent.,"Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells are promising nanotherapeutics in liver diseases due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. Nevertheless, a concern has been raised regarding the rapid clearance of exogenous EVs by phagocytic cells. Here we explore the impact of protein corona on EVs derived from two culturing conditions in which specific proteins acquired from media were simultaneously adsorbed on the EV surface. Additionally, by incubating EVs with serum, simulating protein corona formation upon systemic delivery, further resolved protein corona-EV complex patterns were investigated. Our findings reveal the potential influences of corona composition on EVs under in vitro conditions and their in vivo kinetics. Our data suggest that bound albumin creates an EV signature that can retarget EVs from hepatic macrophages. This results in markedly improved cellular uptake by hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatic stellate cells. This phenomenon can be applied as a camouflage strategy by precoating EVs with albumin to fabricate the albumin-enriched protein corona-EV complex, enhancing non-phagocytic uptake in the liver. This work addresses a critical challenge facing intravenously administered EVs for liver therapy by tailoring the protein corona-EV complex for liver cell targeting and immune evasion."
9181,brain tumour,38365726,Tumorigenesis of basal muscle invasive bladder cancer was mediated by PTEN protein degradation resulting from SNHG1 upregulation.,"Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) serves as a powerful tumor suppressor, and has been found to be downregulated in human bladder cancer (BC) tissues. Despite this observation, the mechanisms contributing to PTEN's downregulation have remained elusive."
9182,brain tumour,38365669,Distinguishing IDH mutation status in gliomas using FTIR-ATR spectra of peripheral blood plasma indicating clear traces of protein amyloid aggregation.,"Glioma is a primary brain tumor and the assessment of its molecular profile in a minimally invasive manner is important in determining treatment strategies. Among the molecular abnormalities of gliomas, mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene are strong predictors of treatment sensitivity and prognosis. In this study, we attempted to non-invasively diagnose glioma development and the presence of IDH mutations using multivariate analysis of the plasma mid-infrared absorption spectra for a comprehensive and sensitive view of changes in blood components associated with the disease and genetic mutations. These component changes are discussed in terms of absorption wavenumbers that contribute to differentiation."
9183,brain tumour,38365636,"MZ1, a BRD4 inhibitor, exerted its anti-cancer effects by suppressing SDC1 in glioblastoma.","Glioblastoma (GBM) is a relatively prevalent primary tumor of the central nervous system in children, characterized by its high malignancy and mortality rates, along with the intricate challenges of achieving complete surgical resection. Recently, an increasing number of studies have focused on the crucial role of super-enhancers (SEs) in the occurrence and development of GBM. This study embarks on the task of evaluating the effectiveness of MZ1, an inhibitor of BRD4 meticulously designed to specifically target SEs, within the intricate framework of GBM."
9184,brain tumour,38365424,7T MRI for Cushing Disease: A Single-Institution Experience and Literature Review.,Cushing disease is typically caused by a pituitary adenoma that frequently is small and challenging to detect on conventional MR imaging. High-field-strength 7T MR imaging can leverage increased SNR and contrast-to-noise ratios compared with lower-field-strength MR imaging to help identify small pituitary lesions. We aimed to describe our institutional experience with 7T MR imaging in patients with Cushing disease and perform a review of the literature.
9185,brain tumour,38365180,Lipid-mediated protein corona regulation with increased apolipoprotein A-I recruitment for glioma targeting.,"Protein corona has long been a source of concern, as it might impair the targeting efficacy of targeted drug delivery systems. However, engineered up-regulating the adsorption of certain functional serum proteins could provide nanoparticles with specific targeting drug delivery capacity. Herein, apolipoprotein A-I absorption increased nanoparticles (SPC-PLGA NPs), composed with the Food and Drug Administration approved intravenously injectable soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) and poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), were fabricated for enhanced glioma targeting. Due to the high affinity of SPC and apolipoprotein A-I, the percentage of apolipoprotein A-I in the protein corona of SPC-PLGA NPs was 2.19-fold higher than that of nanoparticles without SPC, which made SPC-PLGA NPs have superior glioma targeting ability through binding to scavenger receptor class BI on blood-brain barrier and glioma cells both in vitro and in vivo. SPC-PLGA NPs loaded with paclitaxel could effectively reduce glioma invasion and prolong the survival time of glioma-bearing mice. In conclusion, we provided a good example of the direction of achieving targeting drug delivery based on protein corona regulation."
9186,brain tumour,38365134,PI3Kδ inhibition alleviates the brain injury during cerebral ischemia reperfusion via suppressing pericyte contraction in a TNF-α dependent manner.,"The pericytes (PCs) surrounding capillaries are vital regulators of capillary constriction. Persistent PC contraction results in the increased capillary constriction, therefore leading to the impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) recovery after reperfusion and worsening the clinical outcomes in stroke patients. However, the potential determinants of PC functions during ischemia/reperfusion are poorly understood. Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit Delta (PIK3CD/PI3Kδ) is a crucial factor involved with neuronflammation during ischemic stroke. PI3Kδ has shown the expression in PCs, while its effect on PC functions has not been explored yet. In this study, a rodent ischemia/reperfusion model was established in C57BL/6 mice via transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R). The PI3Kδ expression in ischemic penumbra was remarkably upregulated following MCAO/R induction. PI3Kδ inhibitor CAL-101 improved the CBF recovery, ischemic brain injury, and suppressed capillary constriction in MCAO/R mice. Besides, the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), an inducer for tissue injury, and the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 2 (TRPV2), a channel protein permitting calcium (Ca"
9187,brain tumour,38365099,Prenatal diagnosis of severe hydrocephalus caused by fetal intracranial pineal gland tumors.,No abstract found
9188,brain tumour,38364947,Immune Response following FLASH and Conventional Radiation in Diffuse Midline Glioma.,"Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a fatal tumor traditionally treated with radiation therapy (RT) and previously characterized as having a noninflammatory tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). FLASH is a novel RT technique using ultra-high dose rate that is associated with decreased toxicity and effective tumor control. However, the effect of FLASH and conventional (CONV) RT on the DMG TIME has not yet been explored."
9189,brain tumour,38364945,Real-World Experience in Hispanic Patients With Breast Cancer and Brain Metastases Using Different Prognostic Tools.,"Only a small percentage of Hispanic patients have been included in studies that developed prognostic models for breast cancer and brain metastases. Therefore, there is a clear need for tools tailored to this demographic. This study assesses the efficacy of common prognostic tools in a Hispanic population."
9190,brain tumour,38364912,Unveiling the future: Advancements in MRI imaging for neurodegenerative disorders.,"Neurodegenerative disorders represent a significant and growing global health challenge, necessitating continuous advancements in diagnostic tools for accurate and early detection. This work explores the recent progress in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques and their application in the realm of neurodegenerative disorders. The introductory section provides a comprehensive overview of the study's background, significance, and objectives. Recognizing the current challenges associated with conventional MRI, the manuscript delves into advanced imaging techniques such as high-resolution structural imaging (HR-MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and positron emission tomography-MRI (PET-MRI) fusion. Each technique is critically examined regarding its potential to address theranostic limitations and contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the underlying pathology. A substantial portion of the work is dedicated to exploring the applications of advanced MRI in specific neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). In addressing the future landscape, the manuscript examines technological advances, including the integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence in neuroimaging. The conclusion summarizes key findings, outlines implications for future research, and underscores the importance of these advancements in reshaping our understanding and approach to neurodegenerative disorders."
9191,brain tumour,38364895,Relations Between Posttraumatic Growth and Fear of Progression Among Young and Middle-Aged Primary Brain Tumor Patients: The Parallel Mediating Role of Perceived Social Support and Illness Uncertainty.,This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of perceived social support and illness uncertainty in posttraumatic growth (PTG) and fear of progression (FoP) among young and middle-aged primary brain tumor (PBT) patients.
9192,brain tumour,38364894,Widening the Operative Corridor-Evaluating the Transcortical Approach to Giant Falcine Meningiomas.,"Giant falcine meningiomas are surgically complex as they are deep in location, concealed by normal brain parenchyma, in close proximity to various neurovascular structures, and frequently involve the falx bilaterally. Although classically accessed using a bifrontal craniotomy and interhemispheric approach, little data exist on alternative operative corridors for these challenging tumors. We evaluated perioperative and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing transcortical resection of giant bilateral falcine meningiomas."
9193,brain tumour,38364650,Integrated bioinformatics approaches and expression assays identified new markers in pituitary adenomas.,"Pituitary adenomas (PA) include about one third of primary central nervous tumors in adolescent and young adult. Despite extensive research, the underlying mechanism of PA tumorigenesis is still unknown. In the present study, through bioinformatics analysis of a PA-related dataset downloaded from GEO database, we attempted to identify pair(s) of lncRNA/target mRNA whose expression changes may be involved in the tumorigenesis of PAs. For this end, we evaluated expression of a set of bioinformatically obtained genes in 46 PA tissues against adjacent non-tumor pituitary tissues. The bioinformatics step led to selection of four genes for validation through expression assays. Expression levels of HIF1A and MAPK1 were increased in NFPA tissues (P < 0.0001 and =0.0042, respectively). Expression level of BANCR was significantly decreased in tumor tissues (P < 0.0001). However, expression of STAT3 was not meaningfully different between the two tissue types (P = 0.56). Since there was no significant correlation between MAPK1 and BANCR expressions in either tumor or adjacent normal tissues, the regulatory effect of BANCR on MAPK1 was not confirmed. In conclusion, this study offers information about deregulation of bioinformatically identified genes in PA tumors and indicates that further studies in this field is needed to understand the involved molecular mechanisms."
9194,brain tumour,38364373,Impact of Pain on Symptom Burden in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity.,"Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) affects the quality of life of cancer survivors. However, the impact of pain on symptom burden remains undefined. This study aimed to define differences in the clinical symptom profile of patients with painful and nonpainful CIPN."
9195,brain tumour,29262232,Metastatic Melanoma,"The incidence of primary cutaneous melanoma has increased steadily for several decades and remains the most lethal form of cutaneous neoplasm. If diagnosed in the early stages, melanoma has high survival rates, approximating 94%. According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), from 2014 to 2018, the incidence of metastatic melanoma was estimated to be 0.9 per 100,000. Mucosal and ocular melanomas typically have worse prognoses. Melanoma was once considered a very aggressive cancer that was resistant to traditional therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation, and even single-agent targeted therapies in their early stages of development. A dramatic improvement in the quality of life and overall survival of patients with metastatic melanoma has resulted after the advent of various new combinations of targeted therapies and different modalities of immunotherapies.  Melanoma is distinct from nonmelanoma skin cancers because it spreads locally, regionally, and distantly. An individual's risk of metastasis is directly related to the depth of invasion and ulceration of the primary lesion. The early stages of cancer metastasis involve invasion, angiogenesis, extravasation, dissemination, and colonization of the target organ. Patients with clinically node-negative disease and those with negative sentinel lymph node biopsy can still present with distant metastatic disease. Moreover, complete lymph node dissection has not been proven to offer a survival benefit to patients with node-positive disease.  There are reports of the transfer of melanoma from a donor to a recipient after an organ transplant, even when the transplant was performed years after the donor was diagnosed with melanoma. Such distant seeding suggests the possibility of early subclinical micrometastasis in melanoma. According to the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), only about 4% of melanomas are present with metastasis. Therefore, distant metastasis may involve several factors, including tumor microenvironment and immune surveillance. A search for metastasis-specific genetic alterations in melanoma has not been particularly successful. However, copy number alterations, MITF amplification, TERT promoter mutations, and CDKN2A loss occur at higher frequencies in metastatic melanomas than in primary melanomas. Melanoma has a propensity for spreading to the central nervous system (CNS), leading to high morbidity, mortality as well as resistance to therapy due to the blood-brain barrier."
9196,brain tumour,38364228,Measurement of the intersiphon distance for normal skull base development and estimation of the surgical window for the endoscopic transtuberculum approach in children.,"Due to the underdeveloped skull base in children, it is crucial to predict whether a sufficient surgical window for an endoscopic endonasal approach can be achieved. This study aimed to analyze the presumed surgical window through measurement of the intersiphon distance (ISD) and the planum-sella height (PSH) on the basis of age and its correlation with the actual surgical window for the endoscopic transtuberculum approach."
9197,brain tumour,38364227,Further investigation of the lateral approach for the resection of Knosp grade 4 pituitary adenomas in endoscopic endonasal surgery.,The authors performed a further in-depth study of the lateral compartment of the cavernous sinus (LCCS) by the endoscopic endonasal approach to improve the safety and efficacy of the lateral approach for the removal of Knosp grade 4 pituitary adenomas (KG4PAs).
9198,brain tumour,38364225,Letter to the Editor. 5-ALA fluorescence-guided surgery as standard of care in the resection of GBM.,No abstract found
9199,brain tumour,38364220,The relevance of biologically effective dose for pain relief and sensory dysfunction after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: an 871-patient multicenter study.,Recent studies have suggested that biologically effective dose (BED) is an important correlate of pain relief and sensory dysfunction after Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for trigeminal neuralgia (TN). The goal of this study was to determine if BED is superior to prescription dose in predicting outcomes in TN patients undergoing GKRS as a first procedure.
9200,brain tumour,38364192,Disseminating Necrotizing Leukoencephalopathy Associated With Intra-CSF Methotrexate Chemotherapy: A Retrospective Observational Study.,"Leptomeningeal metastases (LMs) are neoplasms that proliferate to membranes lining the brain and spinal cord. Intra-CSF methotrexate (MTX) chemotherapy is a prevalent treatment option. However, resultant long-term neurotoxicity can lead to irreversible disseminated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy (DNL). This study aims to determine the incidence, characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of DNL following intra-CSF MTX chemotherapy for LM."
9201,brain tumour,38363979,"Distinct uptake and elimination profiles for trastuzumab, human IgG, and biocytin-TMR in experimental HER2+ brain metastases of breast cancer.","The aim of this study is an improved understanding of drug distribution in brain metastases. Rather than single point snapshots, we analyzed the time course and route of drug/probe elimination (clearance), focusing on the intramural periarterial drainage (IPAD) pathway."
9202,brain tumour,38363944,The mechanism of Zhenzhu Pills treating intracerebral hemorrhage secondary injury based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.,Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) secondary injury is serious and affects patient's prognosis. The Zhenzhu Pills used to treat subacute ICH in Tibet has shown to have a certain curative effect. Network pharmacology and molecular docking technology are employed to explore the potential mechanism of Zhenzhu Pills. The components and potential targets of Zhenzhu Pills were screened from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database. The Gene Expression Omnibus Series 24265 was used to screen differentially expressed genes between perihematomal tissue and normal brain.
9203,brain tumour,38363910,Insight into deep learning for glioma IDH medical image analysis: A systematic review.,"Deep learning techniques explain the enormous potential of medical image analysis, particularly in digital pathology. Concurrently, molecular markers have gained increasing significance over the past decade in the context of glioma patients, providing novel insights into diagnosis and more personalized treatment options. Deep learning combined with imaging and molecular analysis enables more accurate prognostication of patients, more accurate treatment plan proposals, and accurate biomarker (IDH) prediction for gliomas. This systematic study examines the development of deep learning techniques for IDH prediction using histopathology images, spanning the period from 2019 to 2023."
9204,brain tumour,38363895,Identification of a novel glioblastoma multiforme molecular subtype with poor prognosis and high immune infiltration based on oxidative stress-related genes.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis. Reactive oxygen species that accumulate during tumorigenesis can cause oxidative stress (OS), which plays a crucial role in cancer cell survival. Clinical and transcriptome data of TCGA-GBM dataset from UCSC Xena database were analyzed. Consensus clustering analysis was conducted to identify OS-related molecular subtypes for GBM. The immune infiltrate level between subtypes were characterized by ESTIMATE algorithm. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between subtypes were screened by DESeq2 package. Two OS-related molecular subtypes of GBM were identified, and cluster 2 had poorer overall survival and higher immune infiltration levels than cluster 1. Enrichment analysis showed that 54 DEGs in cluster 2 were significantly enriched in cytokine/chemokine-related functions or pathways. Ten hub genes (CSF2, CSF3, CCL7, LCN2, CXCL6, MMP8, CCR8, TNFSF11, IL22RA2, and ORM1) were identified in GBM subtype 2 through protein-protein interaction network, most of which were positively correlated with immune factors and immune checkpoints. A total of 55 small molecule drugs obtained from drug gene interaction database (DGIdb) may have potential therapeutic effects in GBM subtype 2 patients. Our study identified 10 hub genes as potential therapeutic targets in GBM subtype 2 patients, who have poorer overall survival and higher immune infiltration levels. These findings could pave the way for new treatments for this aggressive form of brain cancer."
9205,brain tumour,38363834,Mechanistic insight into glioma through spatially multidimensional proteomics.,"Characterizing the tumor microenvironment at the molecular level is essential for understanding the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and evolution. However, the specificity of the blood proteome in localized region of the tumor and its linkages with other systems is difficult to investigate. Here, we propose a spatially multidimensional comparative proteomics strategy using glioma as an example. The blood proteome signature of tumor microenvironment was specifically identified by in situ collection of arterial and venous blood from the glioma region of the brain for comparison with peripheral blood. Also, by integrating with different dimensions of tissue and peripheral blood proteomics, the information on the genesis, migration, and exchange of glioma-associated proteins was revealed, which provided a powerful method for tumor mechanism research and biomarker discovery. The study recruited multidimensional clinical cohorts, allowing the proteomic results to corroborate each other, reliably revealing biological processes specific to gliomas, and identifying highly accurate biomarkers."
9206,brain tumour,38363727,Socioeconomic status and adiposity in childhood cancer survivors: A cross-sectional retrospective study.,"This is a retrospective cross-sectional study examining the association between unemployment, cancer type, treatment and total body fat percentage of childhood cancer survivors recruited at St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Czech Republic. A total of 55 survivors aged 18-49 who were in remission of cancer and fulfilled the criteria for body composition measurements by the BIA and completed questionnaires investigating their socioeconomic status, employment status, and history. There was a significant relationship between the employment status and central nervous system-directed treatment (c2(1) = 7.53, p = 0.006, Cramér's V = 0.38) and between the type of cancer and employment status (c2(3) = 7.83, p = 0.049, Cramér's V = 0.38), the highest unemployment rate was recorded for brain and spine survivors (72.7%) compared to survivors with other diagnosis (35.7%) (uLR(1) = 4.91, p = 0.027; OR = 4.80, 95% CI:1.10-20.86, p = 0.036); these survivors did not have a significantly different body fat percentage compared to survivors with other diagnoses (t(53) = 1.29, p = 0.202, Cohen's d = 0.41) Interestingly, the survivors reporting having a partner also had a significantly higher percentage of body fat (t(53) = 2.90, p = 0.005, Cohen's d = 0.81). A linear regression model was used to model the percentage of body fat in relation to a set of selected variables and the we observed a significant effect of sex (female vs male: b = 6.37, 95% CI: 1.82-10.93, p = 0.007), partnership status (yes vs no: b = 5.65, 95% CI: 0.67-10.62, p = 0.027) and category of diagnosis (Brain and spinal column tumors vs Other solid tumors: b = 12.40, 95% CI: 0.59-24.21, p = 0.040; Brain and spinal column tumors vs Lymphoma: b = 14.02, 95% CI: 2.06-25.97, p = 0.023). Employment status and risk of adiposity in childhood cancer survivors depends on the type of treatment and diagnosis group, which may significantly impact their lifestyle and overall quality of life after treatment. Trial registration: This study was registered on July 29, 2022, at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05481229)."
9207,brain tumour,38363527,Comparison of the efficacy and safety of anlotinib monotherapy or anlotinib plus immune checkpoint inhibitor for advanced small cell lung cancer with brain metastases.,"Anlotinib, as a salvage treatment for patients after failure of third-line or later-line treatments for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), has shown efficacy in patients with brain metastases (BMs). However, the efficacy and safety of anlotinib alone or in combination with immunotherapy for SCLC with BMs remain unclear."
9208,brain tumour,38363493,Effect of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis on hematologic toxicity in patients receiving chemoradiation for primary brain tumors.,"Diffuse gliomas are managed with radiation and temozolomide; however, this therapy often results in hematologic toxicities. Patients undergoing chemoradiation also risk contracting Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), and frequently receive prophylaxis against PJP during treatment. Independent of chemoradiation, some PJP prophylaxis drugs have the potential to cause myelosuppression, which could require cessation of chemotherapy. Here, we evaluate differences in the frequency of hematologic toxicities during chemoradiation when patients receive PJP prophylaxis."
9209,brain tumour,38363492,Stereotactic radiosurgery and bevacizumab for recurrent glioblastoma.,No abstract found
9210,brain tumour,38363491,Stereotactic radiosurgery for intracranial adenoid cystic carcinoma.,No abstract found
9211,brain tumour,38363490,The development of a custom RNA-sequencing panel for the identification of predictive and diagnostic biomarkers in glioma.,"Various molecular profiles are needed to classify malignant brain tumors, including gliomas, based on the latest classification criteria of the World Health Organization, and their poor prognosis necessitates new therapeutic targets. The Todai OncoPanel 2 RNA Panel (TOP2-RNA) is a custom-target RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) using the junction capture method to maximize the sensitivity of detecting 455 fusion gene transcripts and analyze the expression profiles of 1,390 genes. This study aimed to classify gliomas and identify their molecular targets using TOP2-RNA."
9212,brain tumour,38363400,Improvement of metabolic syndrome and its components in patients who underwent transsphenoidal resection for pituitary adenoma.,"Pituitary adenomas (PA) are neoplasms of pituitary adenohypophyseal cell lineage, which are the third most common cause of brain tumors among adults. Due to hormone secretion, PAs are closely related to metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the relationship between these two entities has been scarcely studied to date."
9213,brain tumour,38363352,Let-7b-5p promotes triptolide-induced growth-inhibiting effects in glioma by targeting IGF1R.,"Glioma is one of the most common malignancies of the central nervous system. The therapeutic effect has not been satisfactory despite advances in comprehensive treatment techniques. Our previous studies have found that triptolide inhibits glioma proliferation through the ROS/JNK pathway, but in-depth mechanisms need to be explored. Recent studies have confirmed that miRNAs may function as tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes and be involved in cancer development and progression. In this study, we found that let-7b-5p expression levels closely correlated with WHO grades and overall survival in patients in tumor glioma-CGGA-mRNAseq-325, and the upregulation of let-7b-5p can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of glioma cells. Functionally, upregulation of let-7b-5p increased the inhibitory effect on cell viability and colony formation caused by triptolide and promoted the apoptosis rate of triptolide-treated U251 cells. Conversely, downregulation of let-7b-5p had the opposite effect, indicating that let-7b-5p is a tumor suppressor miRNA in glioma cells. Moreover, target prediction, luciferase reporter assays and functional experiments revealed that IGF1R was a direct target of let-7b-5p. In addition, upregulation of IGF1R reversed the triptolide-regulated inhibition of cell viability but promoted glioma cell apoptosis and activated the ROS/JNK signaling pathway induced by triptolide. The results obtained in vivo experiments substantiated those from the in vitro experiments. In summary, the current study provides evidence that triptolide inhibits the growth of glioma cells by regulating the let-7b-5p-IGF1R-ROS/JNK axis in vitro and in vivo. These findings may provide new ideas and potential targets for molecularly targeted therapies for comprehensive glioma treatment."
9214,brain tumour,38363314,"Predictors of neurocognition outcomes in children and young people with primary brain tumor presenting to tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan: a prospective cohort study.","Primary brain tumors are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children and young people (CYP) globally. Impaired neurocognitive function is a potential severe consequence in primary brain tumor (PBT) survivors. There are no in-depth studies from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to inform management and follow-up. The research questions of this study were as follows: Are the sociodemographic factors (lower age of CYP, female gender, low socioeconomic status, low parental education), disease-related factors (high grade of tumor, presence of seizures, presence of hydrocephalous), and treatment-related factors (adjuvant therapy, no surgical intervention, post-treatment seizures, placement of shunts) associated with decline in neurcognition outcomes 12 months post-treatment in CYP with PBTs?"
9215,brain tumour,38363044,Influence of dose calculation algorithms on the helical diode array using volumetric-modulated arc therapy for small targets.,"For patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) for small targets, the dose resolution can change depending on the characteristics of the dose calculation algorithms."
9216,brain tumour,38363020,Phosphorylation of PBK at Thr9 by CDK5 correlates with invasion of prolactinomas.,"Prolactinomas are the most prevalent functional pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), and they are invasive to surrounding anatomic structures. The detailed mechanisms of invasion are not yet clear."
9217,brain tumour,38362840,EMX2 inhibits clear cell renal cell carcinoma progress via modulating Akt/FOXO3a pathway.,"Empty spiracles homeobox 2 (EMX2) is initially identified as a key transcription factor that plays an essential role in the regulation of neuronal development and some brain disorders. Recently, several studies emphasized that EMX2 could as a tumor suppressor, but its role in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role and underlying mechanism of EMX2 in the regulation of ccRCC progress. Our results demonstrated that EMX2 expression was markedly decreased in ccRCC tissues and cell lines, and low EMX2 expression predicted the poor prognosis of ccRCC patients. In addition, forced expression of EMX2 significantly inhibited the cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as ccRCC tumor growth in nude mice, via, at least in part, regulating Akt/FOXO3a pathway. In detail, EMX2 could attenuate the phosphorylation levels of Akt and FOXO3a, and increase FOXO3a expression without affecting total Akt expression in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, shRNA-mediated knockdown of FOXO3a expression could obviously attenuate the effects of EMX2 on cell growth, migration, invasion, and tumor growth. Furthermore, EMX2 could significantly attenuate the interaction between Akt and FOXO3a. Taken together, our results demonstrated that EMX2 could inhibit ccRCC progress through, at least in part, modulating Akt/FOXO3a signaling pathway, thus representing a novel role and underlying mechanism of EMX2 in the regulation of ccRCC progress."
9218,brain tumour,38362687,Does Gut Microbiome have an Effect on Wilson's Disease Phenotype?,"Wilson's Disease (WD), a genetic metabolic disorder, is characterized by the accumulation of copper in the liver and brain, resulting in a range of clinical symptoms. The clinical manifestations of WD vary widely. The present study introduces the distinctive features of intestinal microbiota in Chinese patients with WD, presenting diverse clinical symptoms. It shows a reduction in the diversity of gut microbiota among patients with hepatic symptoms associated with WD, particularly in the genus responsible for SCFAs production. It demonstrates an increase in the Haemophilus microorganism. This study may offer novel insights for further investigation into the mechanisms underlying the occurrence, development, and treatment of WD subtypes."
9219,brain tumour,38362660,Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome with long-term features of autism spectrum disorder: evidence in a 9-year-old girl after vermian medulloblastoma surgery.,"The time course of socio-communicative disturbances in children after posterior fossa tumor resection is variable in clinical reports, and its assessment may help to understand the role of the cerebellum in the pathogenesis of socio-communicative disorders and improve rehabilitation plans. We report the 3-year cognitive-behavioral follow-up of a female patient (LZ) who underwent surgical ablation of the vermis due to medulloblastoma at age 9. LZ developed a severe post-operative Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome (CCAS) with cognitive-executive dysfunctions and behavioral alterations resembling an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)-like syndrome. The lack of empathy and reduced ability to recognize others' intentions and mental states persisted at follow-up evaluations, as did language alterations. The present case report evidenced that lesions affecting cerebellar and vermal lobules may cause severe CCAS and impairment of social skills overlapping with that observed in ASD. This case is significant in its clinical features, revealing long-term social impairment, while the cognitive, linguistic, and executive functioning improved over time. Prospective case studies should plan the evaluation of symptoms of ASD within the clinical longitudinal assessment."
9220,brain tumour,38362598,Integrated analyses of the genetic and clinicopathological features of cholangiolocarcinoma: cholangiolocarcinoma may be characterized by mismatch-repair deficiency.,"Cholangiolocarcinoma (CLC) is a primary liver carcinoma that resembles the canals of Hering and that has been reported to be associated with stem cell features. Due to its rarity, the nature of CLC remains unclear, and its pathological classification remains controversial. To clarify the positioning of CLC in primary liver cancers and identify characteristics that could distinguish CLC from other liver cancers, we performed integrated analyses using whole-exome sequencing (WES), immunohistochemistry, and a retrospective review of clinical information on eight CLC cases and two cases of recurrent CLC. WES demonstrated that CLC includes IDH1 and BAP1 mutations, which are characteristic of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). A mutational signature analysis showed a pattern similar to that of iCCA, which was different from that of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CLC cells, including CK7, CK19, and EpCAM, were positive for cholangiocytic differentiation markers. However, the hepatocytic differentiation marker AFP and stem cell marker SALL4 were completely negative. The immunostaining patterns of CLC with CD56 and epithelial membrane antigen were similar to those of the noncancerous bile ductules. In contrast, mutational signature cluster analyses revealed that CLC formed a cluster associated with mismatch-repair deficiency (dMMR), which was separate from iCCA. Therefore, to evaluate MMR status, we performed immunostaining of four MMR proteins (PMS2, MSH6, MLH1, and MSH2) and detected dMMR in almost all CLCs. In conclusion, CLC had highly similar characteristics to iCCA but not to HCC. CLC can be categorized as a subtype of iCCA. In contrast, CLC has characteristics of dMMR tumors that are not found in iCCA, suggesting that it should be treated distinctly from iCCA. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland."
9221,brain tumour,38362155,Quercetin suppresses ROS production and migration by specifically targeting Rac1 activation in gliomas.,"P66Shc and Rac1 proteins are responsible for tumor-associated inflammation, particularly in brain tumors characterized by elevated oxidative stress and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Quercetin, a natural polyphenolic flavonoid, is a well-known redox modulator with anticancer properties. It has the capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier and, thus, could be a possible drug against brain tumors. In this study, we explored the effect of quercetin on Rac1/p66Shc-mediated tumor cell inflammation, which is the principal pathway for the generation of ROS in brain cells. Glioma cells transfected with Rac1, p66Shc, or both were treated with varying concentrations of quercetin for different time points. Quercetin significantly reduced the viability and migration of cells in an ROS-dependent manner with the concomitant inhibition of Rac1/p66Shc expression and ROS production in naïve and Rac1/p66Shc-transfected cell lines, suggestive of preventing Rac1 activation. Through molecular docking simulations, we observed that quercetin showed the best binding compared to other known Rac1 inhibitors and specifically blocked the GTP-binding site in the A-loop of Rac1 to prevent GTP binding and, thus, Rac1 activation. We conclude that quercetin exerts its anticancer effects via the modulation of Rac1-p66Shc signaling by specifically inhibiting Rac1 activation, thus restraining the production of ROS and tumor growth."
9222,brain tumour,38362105,"Alterations in anthropometric, inflammatory and mental health parameters during Ramadan intermittent fasting in a group of healthy people: a prospective cohort study.","Fasting has been practiced with different time span in different areas of the world and for various reasons. One of the types of fasting regimens is Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF), which is described as intermittent dry fasting and known as the most commonly practiced form of religious fasting. Different studies have shown its effects on body composition parameters and mental health, fatigue and quality of life (QoL). Elucidating the relationship of RIF on biological parameters would also be of importance to show its mechanism. Therefore, we evaluated several biological mediators related to mental health, such as ß-nerve growth factor (ß-NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and matrix-metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). This study consisted of fasting (FG; "
9223,brain tumour,38361697,Intracranial Infantile Hemangioma: Highlighting a Rare Presentation With a Case Report and Literature Review.,"Infantile hemangioma is a common benign vascular tumor in children, but it is very unusual to be found intracranially. Our literature review identified 44 reported cases. Presentation can vary from asymptomatic to a life-threatening presentation that necessitates urgent surgical removal. There is no general consensus on management of these rare lesions and until recently, treatment was limited to surgery or pharmacological management with steroids, propranolol or interferon. We present a case of a four-week-old male infant with history of vomiting and increase in head circumference since birth. MRI of the brain revealed a large complex cyst occupying the right frontoparietal region, with round soft tissue component that is isointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2 weighted images. Complete surgical resection with evacuation of the cyst was achieved. Histopathology of the mass showed infantile hemangioma with positive CD31 on immunohistochemistry. The patient achieved an excellent outcome following surgical resection."
9224,brain tumour,38360888,Exploring the therapeutic mechanisms and prognostic targets of Biochanin A in glioblastoma via integrated computational analysis and in vitro experiments.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor and is characterized by a poor prognosis and high recurrence and mortality rates. Biochanin A (BCA) exhibits promising clinical anti-tumor effects. In this study, we aimed to explore the pharmacological mechanisms by which BCA acts against GBM. Network pharmacology was employed to identify overlapping target genes between BCA and GBM. Differentially expressed genes from the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2) database were visualized using VolcaNose. Interactions among these overlapping genes were analyzed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using Cytoscape 3.8.1. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and Gene Ontology enrichment analyses were conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. Survival analyses for these genes were performed using the GEPIA2 database. The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas database was used to study the correlations between key prognostic genes. Molecular docking was confirmed using the DockThor database and visualized with PyMol software. Cell viability was assessed via the CCK-8 assay, apoptosis and the cell cycle stages were examined using flow cytometry, and protein expression was detected using western blotting. In all, 63 genes were initially identified as potential targets for BCA in treating GBM. Enrichment analysis suggested that the pharmacological mechanisms of BCA primarily involved cell cycle inhibition, induction of cell apoptosis, and immune regulation. Based on these findings, AKT1, EGFR, CASP3, and MMP9 were preliminarily predicted as key prognostic target genes for BCA in GBM treatment. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis suggested stable binding of BCA to the target protein. In vitro experiments revealed the efficacy of BCA in inhibiting GBM, with an IC50 value of 98.37 ± 2.21 μM. BCA inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis, and arrested the cell cycle of GBM cells. Furthermore, the anti-tumor effects of BCA on U251 cells were linked to the regulation of the target protein. We utilized integrated bioinformatics analyses to predict targets and confirmed through experiments that BCA possesses remarkable anti-tumor activities. We present a novel approach for multi-target treatment of GBM using BCA."
9225,brain tumour,38360881,Evaluation of single-sample network inference methods for precision oncology.,"A major challenge in precision oncology is to detect targetable cancer vulnerabilities in individual patients. Modeling high-throughput omics data in biological networks allows identifying key molecules and processes of tumorigenesis. Traditionally, network inference methods rely on many samples to contain sufficient information for learning, resulting in aggregate networks. However, to implement patient-tailored approaches in precision oncology, we need to interpret omics data at the level of individual patients. Several single-sample network inference methods have been developed that infer biological networks for an individual sample from bulk RNA-seq data. However, only a limited comparison of these methods has been made and many methods rely on 'normal tissue' samples as reference, which are not always available. Here, we conducted an evaluation of the single-sample network inference methods SSN, LIONESS, SWEET, iENA, CSN and SSPGI using transcriptomic profiles of lung and brain cancer cell lines from the CCLE database. The methods constructed functional gene networks with distinct network characteristics. Hub gene analyses revealed different degrees of subtype-specificity across methods. Single-sample networks were able to distinguish between tumor subtypes, as exemplified by node strength clustering, enrichment of known subtype-specific driver genes among hubs and differential node strength. We also showed that single-sample networks correlated better to other omics data from the same cell line as compared to aggregate networks. We conclude that single-sample network inference methods can reflect sample-specific biology when 'normal tissue' samples are absent and we point out peculiarities of each method."
9226,brain tumour,38360719,"COVID-19 in patients with anemia and haematological malignancies: risk factors, clinical guidelines, and emerging therapeutic approaches.","Extensive research in countries with high sociodemographic indices (SDIs) to date has shown that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be directly associated with more severe outcomes among patients living with haematological disorders and malignancies (HDMs). Because individuals with moderate to severe immunodeficiency are likely to undergo persistent infections, shed virus particles for prolonged periods, and lack an inflammatory or abortive phase, this represents an overall risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. In cases suffering from HDMs, further investigation is needed to achieve a better understanding of triviruses and a group of related variants in patients with anemia and HDMs, as well as their treatment through vaccines, drugs, and other methods. Against this background, the present study aimed to delineate the relationship between HDMs and the novel COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Besides, effective treatment options for HDM cases were further explored to address this epidemic and its variants. Therefore, learning about how COVID-19 manifests in these patients, along with exploiting the most appropriate treatments, may lead to the development of treatment and care strategies by clinicians and researchers to help patients recover faster. Video Abstract."
9227,brain tumour,38360515,T2-FLAIR mismatch sign and machine learning-based multiparametric MRI radiomics in predicting IDH mutant 1p/19q non-co-deleted diffuse lower-grade gliomas.,To investigate the application of the T2-weighted (T2)-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch sign and machine learning-based multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics in predicting 1p/19q non-co-deletion of lower-grade gliomas (LGGs).
9228,brain tumour,38360377,Adequacy of clinical guideline recommendations for patients with low-risk cancer managed with monitoring: systematic review.,"The aim of this systematic review was to summarize national and international guidelines that made recommendations for monitoring patients diagnosed with low-risk cancer. It appraised the quality of guidelines and determined whether the guidelines adequately identified patients for monitoring, specified which tests to use, defined monitoring intervals, and stated triggers for further intervention. It then assessed the evidence to support each recommendation."
9229,brain tumour,38360374,"Affective dysfunction mediates the link between neuroimmune markers and the default mode network functional connectivity, and the somatic symptoms in somatic symptom disorder.","Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is characterized by physical symptoms and associated functional impairments that are often comorbid with depression and anxiety disorders. In this study, we explored relationships between affective symptoms and the functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) in SSD patients, as well as the impact of peripheral inflammation. We employed mediation analyses to investigate the potential pathways between these factors."
9230,brain tumour,38360292,Nanoparticle-mediated blockade of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling enhances glioblastoma immunotherapy: Monitoring early responses with MRI radiomics.,"The limited therapeutic efficacy of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy against glioblastoma is closely related to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment, where the latter is driven primarily by tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs). Targeting the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-12/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor-4 (CXCL12/CXCR4) signaling orchestrates the recruitment of TAMCs and has emerged as a promising approach for alleviating immunosuppression. Herein, we developed an iRGD ligand-modified polymeric nanoplatform for the co-delivery of CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 and the small-molecule immune checkpoint inhibitor BMS-1. The iRGD peptide facilitated superior BBB crossing and tumor-targeting abilities both in vitro and in vivo. In mice bearing orthotopic GL261-Luc tumor, co-administration of AMD3100 and BMS-1 significantly inhibited tumor proliferation without adverse effects. A reprogramming of immunosuppression upon CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling blockade was observed, characterized by the reduction of TAMCs and regulatory T cells, and an increased proportion of CD8"
9231,brain tumour,38360208,Encouraging Experience with Image-Guided Pencil Beam Scanning Proton Therapy in Craniopharyngioma-First Case Series From India.,"We report our early clinical experience with image-guided, pencil beam scanning proton beam therapy (PBS-PBT) for residual and recurrent craniopharyngioma."
9232,brain tumour,38360054,Example of Artificial Intelligence-Based Decision Support for Amino Acid PET: Early Prediction of Suspected Brain Tumor Foci for Patient Management.,No abstract found
9233,brain tumour,38359708,Discovery of a stilbenoid-flavanone hybrid as an antitumor Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor.,A series of designed stilbenoid-flavanone hybrids featuring sp
9234,brain tumour,38359612,PTX3 activates POSTN and promotes the progression of glioblastoma via the MAPK/ERK signalling axis.,"Intrinsic brain tumours such as glioblastoma (GBM) are believed to develop from neuroglial stem or progenitor cells. GBM accounts for approximately half of gliomas. GBM has a poor prognosis and a low 5-year survival rate. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is overexpressed in GBM, but the potential mechanism is unclear."
9235,brain tumour,38359520,Endonasal endoscopic surgery for pituitary adenomas.,"Pituitary adenomas are slow-growing, benign intracranial tumors that can be characterized as functional (hormone-producing) or non-functional (non-hormone producing). Symptoms therefore arise from either endocrinologic abnormalities or mass effect on surrounding structures resulting in symptoms such as visual impairment and headache. In the last two decades, technical innovations have shifted surgical resection of such adenomas to endoscopic endonasal approaches. In this review, we describe the evolving approach to pituitary adenomas in the modern endoscopic era, including preoperative multidisciplinary review, relevant surgical anatomy, and a description of the technical nuances of standard and expanded approaches to the anterior skull base."
9236,brain tumour,38359488,Subtle structural alteration in indisulam switches the molecular mechanisms for the inhibitory effect on the migration of gastric cancer cells.,"Gastric cancer is a highly metastatic malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality globally. Recent studies reported that sulfonamide derivatives such as indisulam exhibited inhibitory effects on the viability and migration of cancer cells. However, multiple clinical trials revealed that indisulam did not significantly prevent cancer progression due to metastasis and drug resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to discover new potent derivatives to explore alternative therapeutic strategies. Here, we synthesize multiple indisulam derivatives and examine their inhibitory effects on the viability and migration of gastric cancer cells. Among them, compounds SR-3-65 and WXM-1-170 exhibit better inhibitory effects on the migration of gastric cancer cells than indisulam. Mechanistically, we discover that they could attenuate the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway and lead to the suppression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related transcription factors. The influence of SR-3-65 on the migration of gastric cancer cells is blocked by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 while SR-3-65 and WXM-1-170 reverse the effect of PI3K activator 740 Y-P on the migration of gastric cancer cells. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation further confirm that PI3K is the target of SR-3-65. Our study unveils a novel mechanism by which SR-3-65 and WXM-1-170 inhibit the migration of gastric cancer cells. Together with the previous discovery, we reveal that subtle structural change in indisulam results in a striking switch on the molecular targets and their associated signaling pathways for the inhibition of the migration of gastric cancer cells. These findings might provide informative insights for the development of targeted therapy for gastric cancer."
9237,brain tumour,38359444,Robust and optimal dose distribution for brain metastases with robotic radiosurgery system: recipe for an inflection point.,
9238,brain tumour,38359293,Cysteine induces mitochondrial reductive stress in glioblastoma through hydrogen peroxide production.,"Glucose and amino acid metabolism are critical for glioblastoma (GBM) growth, but little is known about the specific metabolic alterations in GBM that are targetable with FDA-approved compounds. To investigate tumor metabolism signatures unique to GBM, we interrogated The Cancer Genome Atlas for alterations in glucose and amino acid signatures in GBM relative to other human cancers and found that GBM exhibits the highest levels of cysteine and methionine pathway gene expression of 32 human cancers. Treatment of patient-derived GBM cells with the FDA-approved single cysteine compound N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduced GBM cell growth and mitochondrial oxygen consumption, which was worsened by glucose starvation. Normal brain cells and other cancer cells showed no response to NAC. Mechanistic experiments revealed that cysteine compounds induce rapid mitochondrial H"
9239,brain tumour,38358922,From Benign to Malignant: The Arrival of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (PitNETs).,"Pituitary adenomas were recently reclassified as ""neuroendocrine tumors,"" and are now considered to be cancers. The evolution and justification for this change are described. Critical illness policies, which currently provide coverage of pituitary adenomas under the ""Benign Brain Tumor"" provision must now be modified to reflect this new taxonomy. This change also prompts questions about the use of the words 'benign' and 'tumor' in critical illness policies."
9240,brain tumour,38358885,Radiotherapy induces persistent innate immune reprogramming of microglia into a primed state.,"Over half of patients with brain tumors experience debilitating and often progressive cognitive decline after radiotherapy treatment. Microglia, the resident macrophages in the brain, have been implicated in this decline. In response to various insults, microglia can develop innate immune memory (IIM), which can either enhance (priming or training) or repress (tolerance) the response to subsequent inflammatory challenges. Here, we investigate whether radiation affects the IIM of microglia by irradiating the brains of rats and later exposing them to a secondary inflammatory stimulus. Comparative transcriptomic profiling and protein validation of microglia isolated from irradiated rats show a stronger immune response to a secondary inflammatory insult, demonstrating that radiation can lead to long-lasting molecular reprogramming of microglia. Transcriptomic analysis of postmortem normal-appearing non-tumor brain tissue of patients with glioblastoma indicates that radiation-induced microglial priming is likely conserved in humans. Targeting microglial priming or avoiding further inflammatory insults could decrease radiotherapy-induced neurotoxicity."
9241,brain tumour,38358805,Increasing Sufu gene dosage reveals its unorthodox role in promoting polydactyly and medulloblastoma tumorigenesis.,"Suppressor of fused (SUFU) is widely regarded as a key negative regulator of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) morphogenic pathway and a known tumor suppressor of medulloblastoma (MB). However, we report here that SUFU expression was markedly increased in 75% of specimens compiled in a tissue array comprising 49 unstratified MBs. The SUFU and GLI1 expression levels in this MB array showed strong positive correlation, which was also identified in a large public data set containing 736 MBs. We further report that increasing Sufu gene dosage in mice caused preaxial polydactyly, which was associated with the expansion of the Gli3 domain in the anterior limb bud and heightened Shh signaling responses during embryonic development. Increasing Sufu gene dosage also led to accelerated cerebellar development and, when combined with ablation of the Shh receptor encoded by Patched1 (Ptch1), promoted MB tumorigenesis. These data reveal multifaceted roles of SUFU in promoting MB tumorigenesis by enhancing SHH signaling. This revelation clarifies potentially counterintuitive clinical observation of high SUFU expression in MBs and may pave way for novel strategies to reduce or reverse MB progression."
9242,brain tumour,38358804,Cathepsin B-Responsive Programmed Brain Targeted Delivery System for Chemo-Immunotherapy Combination Therapy of Glioblastoma.,"Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are closely related to the progression of glioblastoma multiform (GBM) and its development of therapeutic resistance to conventional chemotherapy. TAM-targeted therapy combined with conventional chemotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy to combat GBM. However, the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) severely limits the therapeutic efficacy. Meanwhile, the lack of ability to distinguish different targeted cells also poses a challenge for precise therapy. Herein, we propose a cathepsin B (CTSB)-responsive programmed brain-targeted delivery system (D&R-HM-MCA) for simultaneous TAM-targeted and GBM-targeted delivery. D&R-HM-MCA could cross the BBB via low density lipoprotein receptor-associated protein 1 (LRP1)-mediated transcytosis. Upon reaching the GBM site, the outer angiopep-2 modification could be detached from D&R-HM-MCA via cleavage of the CTSB-responsive peptide, which could circumvent abluminal LRP1-mediated efflux. The exposed "
9243,brain tumour,38358743,Traumatic Brain Injury and Subsequent Risk of Brain Cancer in US Veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars.,"While brain cancer is rare, it has a very poor prognosis and few established risk factors. To date, epidemiologic work examining the potential association of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with the subsequent risk of brain cancer is conflicting. Further data may be useful."
9244,brain tumour,38358731,"Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of Berberis vulgaris and its constituent berberine, experimental and clinical, a review.","Berberis vulgaris (B. vulgaris or barberry) is a medicinal plant that has been used for various purposes in traditional medicine. Berberine is one of the main alkaloids isolated from B. vulgaris and other plants. Both B. vulgaris and berberine have shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects in different experimental models and clinical trials. This review aims to summarize the current evidence on the mechanisms and applications of B. vulgaris and berberine in modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune responses. The literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases until August 2023. The results indicated that B. vulgaris and berberine could inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin-17 (IL-17), and enhance the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), in various cell types and tissues. B. vulgaris and berberine can also scavenge free radicals, increase antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduce lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. B. vulgaris and berberine have been reported to exert beneficial effects in several inflammatory, oxidative, and immune-related diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, and infections. However, more studies are needed to elucidate the optimal doses, safety profiles, and potential interactions of B. vulgaris and berberine with other drugs or natural compounds."
9245,brain tumour,38358528,Risk of hematologic malignant neoplasms from head CT radiation in children and adolescents presenting with minor head trauma: a nationwide population-based cohort study.,The carcinogenic risks of CT radiation in children and adolescents remain debated. We aimed to assess the carcinogenic risk of CTs performed in children and adolescents with minor head trauma.
9246,brain tumour,38358473,The effectiveness of diffusion kurtosis imaging metrics for distinguishing between brainstem glioma and cerebellar medulloblastoma.,"In some clinical situations, distinguishing between cerebellar medulloblastoma and brainstem glioma is important. We assessed whether diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) metrics could be used to distinguish cerebellar medulloblastomas from brainstem gliomas in children."
9247,brain tumour,38358406,Predictive role of intracranial PD-L1 expression in a real-world cohort of NSCLC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibition following brain metastasis resection.,"Emerging evidence suggests that treatment of NSCLC brain metastases with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is associated with response rates similar to those of extracranial disease. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) serves as a predictive biomarker for ICI response. However, the predictive value of brain metastasis-specific (intracranial) PD-L1 TPS is not established. We investigated the role of intra- and extracranial PD-L1 TPS in NSCLC patients treated with ICI following brain metastasis resection."
9248,brain tumour,38358395,Long-term clinical sequelae and socio-professional performance in craniopharyngioma patients.,"Craniopharyngioma (CP) is a rare tumor, leading to several post-treatment sequelae which may have significant clinical and social implications, including impaired academic performance or employability."
9249,brain tumour,38358393,Considering Functional Outcomes as Efficacy Endpoints in Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma Clinical Trials: An FDA Educational Symposium.,"In October 2022, the FDA Oncology Center of Excellence hosted an educational symposium entitled, ""Considering Functional Outcomes as Efficacy Endpoints in Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma (pLGG) Clinical Trials."" The symposium brought together patient advocates, regulators from the FDA and the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and an international group of academic thought leaders in the field of pediatric neuro-oncology to discuss the potential role of functional outcomes, including visual acuity, motor function, and neurocognitive performance, as endpoints in clinical trials enrolling patients with pLGG. The panel discussed challenges and opportunities regarding the selection, implementation, and evaluation of clinical outcome assessments in these functional domains and outlined key considerations for their inclusion in future clinical trial design and role in new drug development."
9250,brain tumour,38358390,Regulation of hippocampal mossy fiber-CA3 synapse function by a Bcl11b/C1ql2/Nrxn3(25b+) pathway.,"The transcription factor Bcl11b has been linked to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders associated with synaptic dysfunction. Bcl11b is highly expressed in dentate gyrus granule neurons and is required for the structural and functional integrity of mossy fiber-CA3 synapses. The underlying molecular mechanisms, however, remained unclear. We show in mice that the synaptic organizer molecule C1ql2 is a direct functional target of Bcl11b that regulates synaptic vesicle recruitment and long-term potentiation at mossy fiber-CA3 synapses in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate C1ql2 to exert its functions through direct interaction with a specific splice variant of neurexin-3, Nrxn3(25b+). Interruption of C1ql2-Nrxn3(25b+) interaction by expression of a non-binding C1ql2 mutant or by deletion of Nrxn3 in the dentate gyrus granule neurons recapitulates major parts of the Bcl11b as well as C1ql2 mutant phenotype. Together, this study identifies a novel C1ql2-Nrxn3(25b+)-dependent signaling pathway through which Bcl11b controls mossy fiber-CA3 synapse function. Thus, our findings contribute to the mechanistic understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders accompanied by synaptic dysfunction."
9251,brain tumour,38358087,Loss of Endothelial Annexin A1 Aggravates Inflammation-Induched Vascular Aging.,"Chronic inflammation is increasingly considered as the most important component of vascular aging, contributing to the progression of age-related cardiovascular diseases. To delay the process of vascular aging, anti-inflammation may be an effective measure. The anti-inflammatory factor annexin A1 (ANXA1) is shown to participate in several age-related diseases; however, its function during vascular aging remains unclear. Here, an ANXA1 knockout (ANXA1"
9252,brain tumour,38358062,Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation ameliorates adolescent depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors via hippocampus glycolysis and inflammation response.,"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a crucial neuromodulation therapy for depression, yet its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we aim to unveil the underlying mechanisms of antidepression by systematically evaluating the change of gene expression in different brain regions (i.e., hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex, and medial prefrontal cortex)."
9253,brain tumour,38358020,MXene-Mediated Catalytic Redox Reactions for Biomedical Applications.,"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in orchestrating a myriad of physiological processes within living systems. With the advent of materdicine, an array of nanomaterials has been intricately engineered to influence the redox equilibrium in biological milieus, thereby pioneering a distinctive therapeutic paradigm predicated on ROS-centric biochemistry. Among these, two-dimensional carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, collectively known as MXenes, stand out due to their multi-valent and multi-elemental compositions, large surface area, high conductivity, and pronounced local surface plasmon resonance effects, positioning them as prominent contributors in ROS modulation. This review aims to provide an overview of the advancements in harnessing MXenes for catalytic redox reactions in various biological applications, including tumor, anti-infective, and anti-inflammatory therapies. The emphasis lies on elucidating the therapeutic mechanism of MXenes, involving both pro-oxidation and anti-oxidation processes, underscoring the redox-related therapeutic applications facilitated by self-catalysis, photo-excitation, and sono-excitation properties of MXenes. Furthermore, this review highlights the existing challenges and outlines future development trends in leveraging MXenes for ROS-involving disease treatments, marking a significant step towards the integration of these nanomaterials into clinical practice."
9254,brain tumour,38357955,Effects of HSV-G47Δ Oncolytic Virus on Telomerase and Telomere Length Alterations in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cancer Stem Cells Under Hypoxia and Normoxia Conditions.,"Due to the existence of tumor stem cells with tumorigenicity properties and resistance patterns, treatment of glioblastoma is not easy. Hypoxia is a major concern in glioblastoma therapy. Telomerase activity and telomere length alterations have been known to play a critical role in glioblastoma progression and invasion."
9255,brain tumour,38357947,Discovery of Pyroptosis-inducing Drugs and Antineoplastic Activity based on the ROS/ER Stress/Pyroptosis Axis.,"Pyroptosis, a cell death process triggered by chemotherapy drugs, has emerged as a highly promising mechanism for combating tumors in recent years. As the lead of new drugs, natural products play an important role in the discovery of anticancer drugs. Compared to other natural products, the medicine food homologous natural products (MFHNP) exhibit a superior safety profile. Among a series of MFHNP molecular skeletons, this study found that only benzylideneacetophenone (1) could induce cancer cell pyroptosis. However, the anti-cancer activity of 1 remains to be improved."
9256,brain tumour,38357919,Cancer-associated fibroblast-secreted collagen is associated with immune inhibitor receptor LAIR1 in gliomas.,No abstract found
9257,brain tumour,38357627,A Feasibility Study on a Portable Vision Device for Patients with Stroke and Brain Tumours.,"This prospective, single-centre cohort study aimed to evaluate the impact of a portable vision reading device, OrCam Read, on vision-related quality-of-life and independent functional status in patients with low vision due to stroke or brain tumours. Six patients with poor visual acuity or visual field defects due to a stroke or a brain tumour were enrolled at a U.S. Ophthalmology Department. Participants were trained to use OrCam Read and given a loaner device for the 1 month duration of the study. Various assessments, including daily function tests, the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25, and the 10-item neuro-ophthalmic supplement, were administered at the first and last visits. Patients' experience with the device was evaluated with weekly telephone and end-of-study satisfaction surveys. The main outcome measures were the patient satisfaction with OrCam and the mean assessment scores between enrolment and final visits. The intervention with OrCam significantly improved patients' ability to complete daily tasks and participants reported good satisfaction with the device. The results also show non-significant improvement with distant activities, dependency, and role difficulties. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of studying vision-related quality-of-life using a portable vision device in this patient population and pave the way for a larger study to validate the results of this study."
9258,brain tumour,38357240,Diagnostic algorithm for glioma grading using dynamic susceptibility contrast‑enhanced magnetic resonance perfusion and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.,The present retrospective study aimed to investigate the diagnostic capacity of and design a diagnostic algorithm for dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MRI (DSCE-MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (
9259,brain tumour,38357092,Brief Report: Comprehensive Clinicogenomic Profiling of Small Cell Transformation From ,NSCLC transformation to SCLC has been best characterized with 
9260,brain tumour,38356985,TEMPORAL LOBE HERNIATION AND CHIASMOPATHY DURING DOPAMINE AGONIST THERAPY FOR PROLACTINOMA.,"Dopamine agonists (DA) are first line treatment for prolactinomas. Optic chiasm herniation can rarely occur during therapy, while brain herniation is very uncommon."
9261,brain tumour,38356507,Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis following the first dose of BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A case report.,"Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE), is a rare inflammatory demyelinating disorder, variant of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. The diagnosis of AHLE remains challenging due to the rarity of the disease and the lack of a reliable biomarker. We report here a case of a 73-year-old male patient with a progressive, low-grade febrile confusional syndrome 20 days after receiving the first dose of BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Evidence indicative of the underlying condition by an extensive panel of imaging (brain magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography), laboratory (complete blood count, biochemistry, coagulation, tests for autoimmune or infectious disorders, tumor markers, hormonal levels, cerebrospinal fluid analysis) and electrodiagnostic tests were scarce, and mainly non-specific. Sequential neuroimaging revealed the appearance of extensive T2 lesions (signs of gliosis) along with multiple hemorrhagic lesions at various cortical sites. The patient was treated with corticosteroids, discontinued due to severe adverse effects, and subsequently with sessions of plasmapheresis and monthly intravenous administration of cyclophosphamide. Considering the rapid aggravation of the patient's neurological status, the MRI findings of cortical lesions and the lack of response to any treatment, a biopsy of a frontal lobe lesion was conducted, confirming the presence of confluent, inflammatory-edematous lesions with scattered areas of necrosis and hemorrhage, and ultimately areas of demyelination, thus confirming the diagnosis of AHLE. After more than 5 months of hospitalization the patient was transferred in a primary care facility and remained in a permanent vegetative state until his death, more than 2 years later."
9262,brain tumour,38356451,Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Tadpole-like Polymer/Lipid Janus Microrobots for Advanced Smart Material Applications.,"Microrobots are of significant interest due to their smart transport capabilities, especially for precisely targeted delivery in dynamic environments (blood, cell membranes, tumor interstitial matrixes, blood-brain barrier, mucosa, and other body fluids). To perform a more complex micromanipulation in biological applications, it is highly desirable for microrobots to be stimulated with multiple stimuli rather than a single stimulus. Herein, the biodegradable and biocompatible smart micromotors with a Janus architecture consisting of PrecirolATO 5 and polycaprolactone compartments inspired by the anisotropic geometry of tadpoles and sperms are newly designed. These bioinspired micromotors combine the advantageous properties of polypyrrole nanoparticles (NPs), a high near-infrared light-absorbing agent with high photothermal conversion efficiency, and magnetic NPs, which respond to the magnetic field and exhibit multistimulus-responsive behavior. By combining both fields, we achieved an ""on/off"" propulsion mechanism that can enable us to overcome complex tasks and limitations in liquid environments and overcome the limitations encountered by single actuation applications. Moreover, the magnetic particles offer other functions such as removing organic pollutants via the Fenton reaction. Janus-structured motors provide a broad perspective not only for biosensing, optical detection, and on-chip separation applications but also for environmental water treatment due to the catalytic activities of multistimulus-responsive micromotors."
9263,brain tumour,38356101,Associations of inflammatory cytokines and cortisol with nonmotor features of Huntington's disease.,"Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease involving progressive motor abnormalities, cognitive decline, and psychiatric disturbances. Depression and cognitive difficulties are among the most impactful symptoms of HD, yet the pathogenesis of these symptoms is not fully understood. HD involves low-level chronic inflammation and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which are linked to depression and cognitive impairment in non-HD populations. However, previous research on the relationships of these pathologies with depression and cognition in HD is limited and inconsistent."
9264,brain tumour,38356008,Methyl-,To investigate differences in uptake regions between methyl-
9265,brain tumour,38355813,Development and validation of a prediction model for consistency of pituitary adenoma: the PiTCon score.,"Pituitary adenomas (PAs) usually have a soft consistency, facilitating gross total resection. However, 5-13% of PAs with fibrous consistency are challenging to remove entirely and are accompanied by greater morbimortality. This study aims to identify the clinical and radiological characteristics that correlate with PA fibrous consistency preoperatively. A simple scoring system has been proposed to predict incidence of fibrous PAs."
9266,brain tumour,38355808,Heterogeneity and tumoral origin of medulloblastoma in the single-cell era.,"Medulloblastoma is one of the most common malignant pediatric brain tumors derived from posterior fossa. The current treatment includes maximal safe surgical resection, radiotherapy, whole cranio-spinal radiation and adjuvant with chemotherapy. However, it can only limitedly prolong the survival time with severe side effects and relapse. Defining the intratumoral heterogeneity, cellular origin and identifying the interaction network within tumor microenvironment are helpful for understanding the mechanisms of medulloblastoma tumorigenesis and relapse. Due to technological limitations, the mechanisms of cellular heterogeneity and tumor origin have not been fully understood. Recently, the emergence of single-cell technology has provided a powerful tool for achieving the goal of understanding the mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Several studies have demonstrated the intratumoral heterogeneity and tumor origin for each subtype of medulloblastoma utilizing the single-cell RNA-seq, which has not been uncovered before using conventional technologies. In this review, we present an overview of the current progress in understanding of cellular heterogeneity and tumor origin of medulloblastoma and discuss novel findings in the age of single-cell technologies."
9267,brain tumour,38355678,Explainable hybrid vision transformers and convolutional network for multimodal glioma segmentation in brain MRI.,"Accurate localization of gliomas, the most common malignant primary brain cancer, and its different sub-region from multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumes are highly important for interventional procedures. Recently, deep learning models have been applied widely to assist automatic lesion segmentation tasks for neurosurgical interventions. However, these models are often complex and represented as ""black box"" models which limit their applicability in clinical practice. This article introduces new hybrid vision Transformers and convolutional neural networks for accurate and robust glioma segmentation in Brain MRI scans. Our proposed method, TransXAI, provides surgeon-understandable heatmaps to make the neural networks transparent. TransXAI employs a post-hoc explanation technique that provides visual interpretation after the brain tumor localization is made without any network architecture modifications or accuracy tradeoffs. Our experimental findings showed that TransXAI achieves competitive performance in extracting both local and global contexts in addition to generating explainable saliency maps to help understand the prediction of the deep network. Further, visualization maps are obtained to realize the flow of information in the internal layers of the encoder-decoder network and understand the contribution of MRI modalities in the final prediction. The explainability process could provide medical professionals with additional information about the tumor segmentation results and therefore aid in understanding how the deep learning model is capable of processing MRI data successfully. Thus, it enables the physicians' trust in such deep learning systems towards applying them clinically. To facilitate TransXAI model development and results reproducibility, we will share the source code and the pre-trained models after acceptance at https://github.com/razeineldin/TransXAI ."
9268,brain tumour,38355655,The Temozolomide-Doxorubicin paradox in Glioblastoma in vitro-in silico preclinical drug-screening.,"Adjuvant Temozolomide is considered the front-line Glioblastoma chemotherapeutic treatment; yet not all patients respond. Latest trends in clinical trials usually refer to Doxorubicin; yet it can lead to severe side-effects if administered in high doses. While Glioblastoma prognosis remains poor, little is known about the combination of the two chemotherapeutics. Patient-derived spheroids were generated and treated with a range of Temozolomide/Doxorubicin concentrations either as monotherapy or in combination. Optical microscopy was used to monitor the growth pattern and cell death. Based on the monotherapy experiments, we developed a probabilistic mathematical framework in order to describe the drug-induced effect at the single-cell level and simulate drug doses in combination assuming probabilistic independence. Doxorubicin was found to be effective in doses even four orders of magnitude less than Temozolomide in monotherapy. The combination therapy doses tested in vitro were able to lead to irreversible growth inhibition at doses where monotherapy resulted in relapse. In our simulations, we assumed both drugs are anti-mitotic; Temozolomide has a growth-arrest effect, while Doxorubicin is able to cumulatively cause necrosis. Interestingly, under no mechanistic synergy assumption, the in silico predictions underestimate the in vitro results. In silico models allow the exploration of a variety of potential underlying hypotheses. The simulated-biological discrepancy at certain doses indicates a supra-additive response when both drugs are combined. Our results suggest a Temozolomide-Doxorubicin dual chemotherapeutic scheme to both disable proliferation and increase cytotoxicity against Glioblastoma."
9269,brain tumour,38355425,Tuberculum meningioma with recovery of glaucoma-like visual field defects after chiasmal decompression: a case report.,To report a case of tuberculum meningioma with recovery of glaucoma-like visual field defects after chiasmal decompression.
9270,brain tumour,38355279,Inflamed immune phenotype predicts favorable clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy across multiple cancer types.,"The inflamed immune phenotype (IIP), defined by enrichment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) within intratumoral areas, is a promising tumor-agnostic biomarker of response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. However, it is challenging to define the IIP in an objective and reproducible manner during manual histopathologic examination. Here, we investigate artificial intelligence (AI)-based immune phenotypes capable of predicting ICI clinical outcomes in multiple solid tumor types."
9271,brain tumour,38355129,Reconsideration of Surgical Indication for Prolactin-producing Pituitary Tumor Focusing on Visual Impairment.,"Prolactin-producing pituitary tumor (PRLoma) is the most prevalent functional pituitary tumor. If the tumor becomes large, vision can be impaired. In contrast to other pituitary tumors, cabergoline (CAB) is extremely effective for PRLoma and has become the first-line treatment. In this study, we examined our experience with the pharmacological and surgical management of PRLomas with visual impairment (VI) to determine whether VI could be a surgical indication. Further, we discussed the function of surgery in situations where the gold standard of PRLoma treatment was CAB administration. Of the 159 patients with PRLomas (age, 13-77 [mean = 36.3] years; men, 29; women, 130) at Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital from 2009 to 2021, 18 (age, 15-67 [mean = 35.8] years; men, 12; woman, 6) had VI (subjectively, 12; objectively, 6). They started CAB treatment immediately (maximum dose: 0.5 to 6 mg/week; average: 2.17 mg/week). VI improved in 16 patients (88.9%) but did not improve in 2 (11.1%) requiring surgeries. One of the two patients had a parenchymal tumor resistant to CAB, and the other had a cystic tumor due to intratumoral bleeding. Consequently, CAB is the first-line treatment for PRLomas with VI because of its significantly high rate of improvement. However, close and rigorous surveillance is necessary for cases resistant to CAB, and the correct decision is required regarding surgical interventions at proper timing and appropriate surgical approaches considering the purpose of surgery."
9272,brain tumour,38355114,A 7-year-old boy presented with temporal lobe lesion.,No abstract found
9273,brain tumour,38355016,Development of a high-throughput screening platform to identify new therapeutic agents for Medulloblastoma Group 3.,"Pediatric brain tumors (PBTs) represent about 25 % of all pediatric cancers and are the most common solid tumors in children and adolescents. Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequently occurring malignant PBT, accounting for almost 10 % of all pediatric cancer deaths. MB Group 3 (MB G3) accounts for 25-30 % of all MB cases and has the worst outcome, particularly when associated with MYC amplification. However, no targeted treatments for this group have been developed so far. Here we describe a unique high throughput screening (HTS) platform specifically designed to identify new therapies for MB G3. The platform incorporates optimized and validated 2D and 3D efficacy and toxicity models, that account for tumor heterogenicity, limited efficacy and unacceptable toxicity from the very early stage of drug discovery. The platform has been validated by conducting a pilot HTS campaign with a 1280 lead-like compound library. Results showed 8 active compounds, targeting MB reported targets and several are currently approved or in clinical trials for pediatric patients with PBTs, including MB. Moreover, hits were combined to avoid tumor resistance, identifying 3 synergistic pairs, one of which is currently under clinical study for recurrent MB and other PBTs."
9274,brain tumour,38355000,MicroRNA biosensors for detection of glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of malignant brain tumor.The discovery of microRNAs and their unique properties have made them suitable tools as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of therapeutic response using different types of nanomaterials as sensitive and specific biosensors. In this review, we discuss microRNA-based electrochemical biosensing systems and the use of nanoparticles in the evolving development of microRNA-based biosensors in glioblastoma."
9275,brain tumour,38354958,PGC-1α activation ameliorates cancer-induced bone pain via inhibiting apoptosis of GABAergic interneurons.,"Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) stands out as one of the most challenging issues in clinical practice due to its intricate and not fully elucidated pathophysiological mechanisms. Existing evidence has pointed toward the significance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) down-regulation in contributing to pain behaviors in various rodent models of neuropathic pain. In our current study, we aimed to investigate the role of PGC-1α in CIBP. Our results unveiled a reduction in PGC-1α expression within the spinal cord of CIBP rats, particularly in GABAergic interneurons. Notably, intrathecal administration of the PGC-1α activator ZLN005 suppressed the loss of spinal GABAergic interneurons. This suppression was achieved by inhibiting caspase-3-mediated apoptosis, ultimately leading to the alleviation of mechanical allodynia in CIBP rats. Further exploration into the mechanism revealed that PGC-1α activation played a pivotal role in mitigating ATP depletion and reactive oxygen species accumulation linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. This was achieved through the restoration of mitochondrial biogenesis and the activation of the SIRT3-SOD2 pathway. Impressively, the observed effects were prominently reversed upon the application of SR18292, a specific PGC-1α inhibitor. In conclusion, our findings strongly suggest that PGC-1α activation acts as a potent inhibitor of apoptosis in spinal GABAergic interneurons. This inhibition is mediated by the improvement of mitochondrial function, facilitated in part through the enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis and the activation of the SIRT3-SOD2 pathway. The results of our study shed light on potential therapeutic avenues for addressing CIBP."
9276,brain tumour,38354830,MiRNA Signatures Related to Invasiveness and Recurrence in Patients With Non-Functioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors.,"This preliminary study aimed to analyze and identify differentially expressed miRNAs in Bulgarian patients with non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NFPitNET). The relationship between deregulated miRNAs and tumor invasiveness, recurrence, and size was determined."
9277,brain tumour,38354669,Tumour-infiltrated cortex participates in large-scale cognitive circuits.,"The extent to which tumour-infiltrated brain tissue contributes to cognitive function remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that cortical tissue infiltrated by diffuse gliomas participates in large-scale cognitive circuits using a unique combination of intracranial electrocorticography (ECoG) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) imaging in four patients. We also assessed the relationship between functional connectivity with tumour-infiltrated tissue and long-term cognitive outcomes in a larger, overlapping cohort of 17 patients. We observed significant task-related high gamma (70-250 Hz) power modulations in tumour-infiltrated cortex in response to increased cognitive effort (i.e., switch counting compared to simple counting), implying preserved functionality of neoplastic tissue for complex tasks probing executive function. We found that tumour locations corresponding to task-responsive electrodes exhibited functional connectivity patterns that significantly co-localised with canonical brain networks implicated in executive function. Specifically, we discovered that tumour-infiltrated cortex with larger task-related high gamma power modulations tended to be more functionally connected to the dorsal attention network (DAN). Finally, we demonstrated that tumour-DAN connectivity is evident across a larger cohort of patients with gliomas and that it relates to long-term postsurgical outcomes in goal-directed attention. Overall, this study contributes convergent fMRI-ECoG evidence that tumour-infiltrated cortex participates in large-scale neurocognitive circuits that support executive function in health. These findings underscore the potential clinical utility of mapping large-scale connectivity of tumour-infiltrated tissue in the care of patients with diffuse gliomas."
9278,brain tumour,38354228,Aberrant ATM signaling and homology-directed DNA repair as a vulnerability of p53-mutant GBM to AZD1390-mediated radiosensitization.,"ATM is a key mediator of radiation response, and pharmacological inhibition of ATM is a rational strategy to radiosensitize tumors. AZD1390 is a brain-penetrant ATM inhibitor and a potent radiosensitizer. This study evaluated the spectrum of radiosensitizing effects and the impact of "
9279,brain tumour,38353998,"[""Vaccinating"" against lung cancer?].",No abstract found
9280,brain tumour,38353933,Letter: Estimating the baseline local recurrence rate for a brain metastasis after neurosurgical resection.,"Brain metastases represent a growing healthcare challenge with a rising incidence attributed to earlier detection and improved systemic cancer treatments. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the local recurrence rate following surgical resection of a brain metastasis without adjuvant therapy. The analysis included four studies with a total of 235 cases. It was found that the rate of local recurrence by 12-months was 48.1% (95% CI 41.2-58.9). These findings underscore the high rate of patients who will experience local recurrence within 12-months of surgery, emphasising the need for vigilant surveillance when omitting adjuvant radiotherapy in favour of systemic treatments with potential but unproven CNS penetrance. The analysis highlights unmet needs in this patient population."
9281,brain tumour,38353926,The effects of distance between the imaging isocenter and brain center on the image quality of cone-beam computed tomography for brain stereotactic irradiation.,"In linear accelerator-based stereotactic irradiation (STI) for brain metastasis, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image quality is essential for ensuring precise patient setup and tumor localization. However, CBCT images may be degraded by the deviation of the CBCT isocenter from the brain center. This study aims to investigate the effects of the distance from the brain center to the CBCT isocenter (DBI) on the image quality in STI. An anthropomorphic phantom was scanned with varying DBI in right, anterior, superior, and inferior directions. Thirty patients undergoing STI were prospectively recruited. Objective metrics, utilizing regions of interest included contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) at the centrum semiovale, lateral ventricle, and basal ganglia levels, gray and white matter noise at the basal ganglia level, artifact index (AI), and nonuniformity (NU). Two radiation oncologists assessed subjective metrics. In this phantom study, objective measures indicated a degradation in image quality for non-zero DBI. In this patient study, there were significant correlations between the CNR at the centrum semiovale and lateral ventricle levels (r"
9282,brain tumour,38353896,Epidermal Growth Factor Suppresses the Development of GABAergic Neurons Via the Modulation of Perineuronal Net Formation in the Neocortex of Developing Rodent Brains.,"Previously, we reported that epidermal growth factor (EGF) suppresses GABAergic neuronal development in the rodent cortex. Parvalbumin-positive GABAergic neurons (PV neurons) have a unique extracellular structure, perineuronal nets (PNNs). PNNs are formed during the development of PV neurons and are mainly formed from chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans (CSPGs). We examined the effect of EGF on CSPG production and PNN formation as a potential molecular mechanism for the inhibition of inhibiting GABAergic neuronal development by EGF. In EGF-overexpressing transgenic (EGF-Tg) mice, the number of PNN-positive PV neurons was decreased in the cortex compared with that in wild-type mice, as in our previous report. The amount of CS and neurocan was also lower in the cortex of EGF-Tg mice, with a similar decrease observed in EGF-treated cultured cortical neurons. PD153035, an EGF receptor (ErbB1) kinase inhibitor, prevented those mentioned above excess EGF-induced reduction in PNN. We explored the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of EGF on PNNs using fluorescent substrates for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs). EGF increased the enzyme activity of MMPs and ADAMs in cultured neurons. These enzyme activities were also increased in the EGF-Tg mice cortex. GM6001, a broad inhibitor of MMPs and ADAMs, also blocked EGF-induced PNN reductions. Therefore, EGF/EGF receptor signals may regulate PNN formation in the developing cortex."
9283,brain tumour,38353859,Antiepileptic Strategies for Patients with Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors.,"Seizure activity is common in patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors, affecting more than 50% of cases over the course of their disease. Several mechanisms contribute to brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE), including a pro-inflammatory environment, excessive secretion of glutamate and an increase in neuronal excitatory tone, reduction of GABAergic inhibitory activity, and an increase in 2-hydroxygluturate production in isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant tumors. After a verified seizure in a brain tumor patient, the consensus is that BTRE has developed, and it is necessary to initiate an antiepileptic drug (AED). It is not recommended to initiate AED prophylaxis. Second- and third-generation AEDs are the preferred options for initiation, due to a lack of hepatic enzyme induction and reduced likelihood for drug-drug interactions, especially in regard to neoplastic treatment. The efficacy of appropriate AEDs for patients with BTRE is fairly equivalent, although some data suggests that levetiracetam may be slightly more active in suppressing seizures than other AEDs. The consensus among most Neuro-Oncology providers is to initiate levetiracetam monotherapy after a first seizure in a brain tumor patient, as long as the patient does not have any psychiatric co-morbidities. If levetiracetam is not tolerated well or is ineffective, other appropriate initial AED options for monotherapy or as an add-on anticonvulsant include lacosamide, valproic acid, briviracetam, lamotrigine, and perampanel."
9284,brain tumour,38353696,A MAP1B-cortactin-Tks5 axis regulates TNBC invasion and tumorigenesis.,"The microtubule-associated protein MAP1B has been implicated in axonal growth and brain development. We found that MAP1B is highly expressed in the most aggressive and deadliest breast cancer subtype, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but not in other subtypes. Expression of MAP1B was found to be highly correlated with poor prognosis. Depletion of MAP1B in TNBC cells impairs cell migration and invasion concomitant with a defect in tumorigenesis. We found that MAP1B interacts with key components for invadopodia formation, cortactin, and Tks5, the latter of which is a PtdIns(3,4)P2-binding and scaffold protein that localizes to invadopodia. We also found that Tks5 associates with microtubules and supports the association between MAP1B and α-tubulin. In accordance with their interaction, depletion of MAP1B leads to Tks5 destabilization, leading to its degradation via the autophagic pathway. Collectively, these findings suggest that MAP1B is a convergence point of the cytoskeleton to promote malignancy in TNBC and thereby a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for TNBC."
9285,brain tumour,38353467,"Cumulative incidence and risk factors of brain metastases in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer without baseline brain metastasis: Pooled analysis of individualized patient data from IMpower130, IMpower131, and IMpower150.","The objective of this study was to explore the abilities of atezolizumab plus chemotherapy in preventing brain metastases (BMs) among metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without initial BMs, as well as the risk factors of BMs."
9286,brain tumour,38353396,Kinome-Wide Synthetic Lethal Screen Identifies PANK4 as a Modulator of Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma.,"Temozolomide (TMZ) represents the cornerstone of therapy for glioblastoma (GBM). However, acquisition of resistance limits its therapeutic potential. The human kinome is an undisputable source of druggable targets, still, current knowledge remains confined to a limited fraction of it, with a multitude of under-investigated proteins yet to be characterized. Here, following a kinome-wide RNAi screen, pantothenate kinase 4 (PANK4) isuncovered as a modulator of TMZ resistance in GBM. Validation of PANK4 across various TMZ-resistant GBM cell models, patient-derived GBM cell lines, tissue samples, as well as in vivo studies, corroborates the potential translational significance of these findings. Moreover, PANK4 expression is induced during TMZ treatment, and its expression is associated with a worse clinical outcome. Furthermore, a Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic approach, reveals that PANK4 abrogation leads to a significant downregulation of a host of proteins with central roles in cellular detoxification and cellular response to oxidative stress. More specifically, as cells undergo genotoxic stress during TMZ exposure, PANK4 depletion represents a crucial event that can lead to accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent cell death. Collectively, a previously unreported role for PANK4 in mediating therapeutic resistance to TMZ in GBM is unveiled."
9287,brain tumour,38353366,Decomposable Nanoagonists Enable NIR-Elicited cGAS-STING Activation for Tandem-Amplified Photodynamic-Metalloimmunotherapy.,"Activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway has emerged as an efficient strategy to improve the therapeutic outcomes of immunotherapy. However, the ""constantly active"" mode of current STING agonist delivery strategies typically leads to off-target toxicity and hyperimmunity. To address this critical issue, herein a metal-organic frameworks-based nanoagonist (DZ@A7) featuring tumor-specific and near-infrared (NIR) light-enhanced decomposition is constructed for precisely localized STING activation and photodynamic-metalloimmunotherapy. The engineered nanoagonist enabled the generation of mitochondria-targeted reactive oxygen species under NIR irradiation to specifically release mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and inhibit the repair of nuclear DNA via hypoxia-responsive drugs. Oxidized tumor mtDNA serves as an endogenous danger-associated molecular pattern that activates the cGAS-STING pathway. Concurrently, NIR-accelerated zinc ions overloading in cancer cells further enhance the cGAS enzymatic activity through metalloimmune effects. By combining the synergistically enhanced activation of the cGAS-STING pathway triggered by NIR irradiation, the engineered nanoagonist facilitated the maturation of dendritic cells and infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes for primary tumor eradication, which also established a long-term anti-tumor immunity to suppress tumor metastasis. Therefore, the developed nanoagonist enabled NIR-triggered, agonist-free, and tandem-amplified activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, thereby offering a distinct paradigm for photodynamic-metalloimmunotherapy."
9288,brain tumour,38353122,Stem cell modeling of nervous system tumors.,"Nervous system tumors, particularly brain tumors, represent the most common tumors in children and one of the most lethal tumors in adults. Despite decades of research, there are few effective therapies for these cancers. Although human nervous system tumor cells and genetically engineered mouse models have served as excellent platforms for drug discovery and preclinical testing, they have limitations with respect to accurately recapitulating important aspects of the pathobiology of spontaneously arising human tumors. For this reason, attention has turned to the deployment of human stem cell engineering involving human embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, in which genetic alterations associated with nervous system cancers can be introduced. These stem cells can be used to create self-assembling three-dimensional cerebral organoids that preserve key features of the developing human brain. Moreover, stem cell-engineered lines are amenable to xenotransplantation into mice as a platform to investigate the tumor cell of origin, discover cancer evolutionary trajectories and identify therapeutic vulnerabilities. In this article, we review the current state of human stem cell models of nervous system tumors, discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and provide consensus recommendations for future research."
9289,brain tumour,38353058,Chronic but not acute nicotine treatment ameliorates acute inflammation-induced working memory impairment by increasing CRTC1 and HCN2 in adult male mice.,"Systemic inflammation in which lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is released into circulation can cause cognitive dysfunction and we have previously shown that LPS impaired working memory (WM) which refers to the ability to guide incoming behavior by retrieving recently acquired information. However, the mechanism is not very clear, and currently, there is no approved strategy to improve inflammation-induced WM deficit. Notably, epidemiological studies have demonstrated a lower occurrence rate of inflammatory-related diseases in smoking patients, suggesting that inflammation-induced WM impairment may be improved by nicotine treatment. Here, our object is to investigate the effect and potential mechanisms of acute and chronic nicotine treatment on LPS-produced WM deficiency."
9290,brain tumour,38352894,Upright proton therapy for esthesioneuroblastoma: a single-institution experience.,This study presents an analysis (efficacy and toxicity) of outcomes in patients with esthesioneuroblastoma after pencil beam proton therapy with a fixed beamline in the upright position.
9291,brain tumour,38352843,Synthesis and Structural Optimization of ATG4B Inhibitors for the Attenuation of Autophagy in Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma, a prevalent malignant CNS tumor, presents a therapeutic challenge because of resistance to standard treatments, including radiation therapy and temozolomide. Both modalities induce autophagy, thereby paradoxically promoting tumor survival. The cysteine protease ATG4B is implicated in this cellular process, which highlights the enzyme as a viable therapeutic target for glioblastoma. We have developed streamlined syntheses for ATG4B inhibitor NSC185058, its derivatives, and fluorogenic ATG4B substrate pim-FG-PABA-AMC. We leveraged these findings to rapidly identify novel compound MJO445, which demonstrates markedly greater potency biochemically and in cells."
9292,brain tumour,38352831,Design of Novel ,[
9293,brain tumour,38352765,Performance of convolutional neural networks for the classification of brain tumors using magnetic resonance imaging.,"Brain tumors are a diverse group of neoplasms that are challenging to detect and classify due to their varying characteristics. Deep learning techniques have proven to be effective in tumor classification. However, there is a lack of studies that compare these techniques using a common methodology. This work aims to analyze the performance of convolutional neural networks in the classification of brain tumors. We propose a network consisting of a few convolutional layers, batch normalization, and max-pooling. Then, we explore recent deep architectures, such as VGG, ResNet, EfficientNet, or ConvNeXt. The study relies on two magnetic resonance imaging datasets with over 3000 images of three types of tumors -gliomas, meningiomas, and pituitary tumors-, as well as images without tumors. We determine the optimal hyperparameters of the networks using the training and validation sets. The training and test sets are used to assess the performance of the models from different perspectives, including training from scratch, data augmentation, transfer learning, and fine-tuning. The experiments are performed using the TensorFlow and Keras libraries in Python. We compare the accuracy of the models and analyze their complexity based on the capacity of the networks, their training times, and image throughput. Several networks achieve high accuracy rates on both datasets, with the best model achieving 98.7% accuracy, which is on par with state-of-the-art methods. The average precision for each type of tumor is 94.3% for gliomas, 93.8% for meningiomas, 97.9% for pituitary tumors, and 95.3% for images without tumors. VGG is the largest model with over 171 million parameters, whereas MobileNet and EfficientNetB0 are the smallest ones with 3.2 and 5.9 million parameters, respectively. These two neural networks are also the fastest to train with 23.7 and 25.4 seconds per epoch, respectively. On the other hand, ConvNext is the slowest model with 58.2 seconds per epoch. Our custom model obtained the highest image throughput with 234.37 images per second, followed by MobileNet with 226 images per second. ConvNext obtained the smallest throughput with 97.35 images per second. ResNet, MobileNet, and EfficientNet are the most accurate networks, with MobileNet and EfficientNet demonstrating superior performance in terms of complexity. Most models achieve the best accuracy using transfer learning followed by a fine-tuning step. However, data augmentation does not contribute to increasing the accuracy of the models in general."
9294,brain tumour,38352298,"Brain tumor classification: a novel approach integrating GLCM, LBP and composite features.","Identifying and classifying tumors are critical in-patient care and treatment planning within the medical domain. Nevertheless, the conventional approach of manually examining tumor images is characterized by its lengthy duration and subjective nature. In response to this challenge, a novel method is proposed that integrates the capabilities of Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) features and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) features to conduct a quantitative analysis of tumor images (Glioma, Meningioma, Pituitary Tumor). The key contribution of this study pertains to the development of interaction features, which are obtained through the outer product of the GLCM and LBP feature vectors. The utilization of this approach greatly enhances the discriminative capability of the extracted features. Furthermore, the methodology incorporates aggregated, statistical, and non-linear features in addition to the interaction features. The GLCM feature vectors are utilized to compute these values, encompassing a range of statistical characteristics and effectively modifying the feature space. The effectiveness of this methodology has been demonstrated on image datasets that include tumors. Integrating GLCM (Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix) and LBP (Local Binary Patterns) features offers a comprehensive representation of texture characteristics, enhancing tumor detection and classification precision. The introduced interaction features, a distinctive element of this methodology, provide enhanced discriminative capability, resulting in improved performance. Incorporating aggregated, statistical, and non-linear features enables a more precise representation of crucial tumor image characteristics. When utilized with a linear support vector machine classifier, the approach showcases a better accuracy rate of 99.84%, highlighting its efficacy and promising prospects. The proposed improvement in feature extraction techniques for brain tumor classification has the potential to enhance the precision of medical image processing significantly. The methodology exhibits substantial potential in facilitating clinicians to provide more accurate diagnoses and treatments for brain tumors in forthcoming times."
9295,brain tumour,38351770,Atypical clinical and radiologic findings in a patient with brain metastatic lesions.,"We report the case of a 47-year-old man who was admitted to our clinic with an intractable headache, nausea, and sporadic vomiting, as well as speech difficulties and a 'floating' sensation. This man had no prior medical history. MRI of the brain showed evidence of over 20 supra- and infratentorial capsulated ring-enhancing lesions. All other paraclinical investigations done in our clinic were unremarkable and we excluded our first assumption of neurocysticercosis, as well as other parasitic infections. The patient was then referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic for an excisional biopsy of a submandibular formation, which was later verified to represent a lymph node metastasis from a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. A chest X-ray failed to demonstrate any significant pathology and the immunohistochemical constellation of the lymph node metastasis excluded the possibility of the primary tumor originating in the lung or the prostate. Due to the unresolved diagnostic query, a whole-body PET/CT was performed demonstrating a formation with malignant characteristics in the basal segment of the left lung, reaching the pleura and the left hilum, as well as solitary enlarged mesenteric and mediastinal lymph nodes. Following clinical consultations, it was determined that the patient was inoperable and chemotherapy and palliative CNS irradiation were recommended."
9296,brain tumour,38351767,A rare case of recurrent mediastinal malignant paraganglioma of thyroid origin: a case report.,"Paraganglioma is a neuroendocrine tumor that originates from extraadrenal chromaffin cells. Primary thyroid paraganglioma is an extremely rare neoplasm. In this study, an exceptionally uncommon case of recurrent mediastinal malignant paraganglioma with primary origin from thyroid gland is presented. Median resternotomy, resection of left brachiocephalic vein, and extirpation of the mediastinal tumor were performed successfully. Commonly, it is preoperatively misdiagnosed and has unpredictable biological behavior. Incorrect diagnosis results in disastrous consequences for the patient, and consequently, correct pre- and postoperative diagnoses promise an optimal treatment plan and good prognosis. Long-term follow-up is indicated in all patients due to the risk of recurrence and distant metastases."
9297,brain tumour,38351543,Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment in breast cancer survivors: A systematic review of studies from 2000 to 2021.,"Studies have indicated that apart from enhancing patient survival, chemotherapy has adverse side effects on the psychological, social, and cognitive functions of breast cancer survivors."
9298,brain tumour,38351421,New curcumin-loaded nanocapsules as a therapeutic alternative in an amnesia model.,"This study aimed to investigate the action of two different formulations of curcumin (Cur)-loaded nanocapsules (Nc) (Eudragit [EUD] and poly (ɛ-caprolactone) [PCL]) in an amnesia mice model. We also investigated the formulations' effects on scopolamine-induced (SCO) depressive- and anxiety-like comorbidities, the cholinergic system, oxidative parameters, and inflammatory markers. Male Swiss mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8): group I (control), group II (Cur PCL Nc 10 mg/kg), group III (Cur EUD Nc 10 mg/kg), group IV (free Cur 10 mg/kg), and group V (SCO). Treatments with Nc or Cur (free) were performed daily or on alternate days. After 30 min of treatment, the animals received the SCO and were subjected to behavioral tests 30 min later (Barnes maze, open-field, object recognition, elevated plus maze, tail suspension tests, and step-down inhibitory avoidance tasks). The animals were then euthanized and tissue was removed for biochemical assays. Our results demonstrated that Cur treatment (Nc or free) protected against SCO-induced amnesia and depressive-like behavior. The ex vivo assays revealed lower acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and catalase (CAT) activity, reduced thiobarbituric species (TBARS), reactive species (RS), and non-protein thiols (NSPH) levels, and reduced interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) expression. The treatments did not change hepatic markers in the plasma of mice. After treatments on alternate days, Cur Nc had a more significant effect than the free Cur protocol, implying that Cur may have prolonged action in Nc. This finding supports the concept that it is possible to achieve beneficial effects in nanoformulations, and treatment on alternate days differs from the free Cur protocol regarding anti-amnesic effects in mice."
9299,brain tumour,38351343,Imaging predictors of 4q12 amplified and RB1 mutated glioblastoma IDH-wildtype.,"Recent studies have identified that glioblastoma IDH-wildtype consists of different molecular subgroups with distinct prognoses. In order to accurately describe and classify gliomas, the Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images (VASARI) system was developed. The goal of this study was to evaluate the VASARI characteristics in molecular subgroups of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma."
9300,brain tumour,38351183,Repurposing the dopamine transporter antagonist vanoxerine to treat colorectal cancer.,No abstract found
9301,brain tumour,38351181,The dopamine transporter antagonist vanoxerine inhibits G9a and suppresses cancer stem cell functions in colon tumors.,"Cancer stem cells (CSCs), functionally characterized by self-renewal and tumor-initiating activity, contribute to decreased tumor immunogenicity, while fostering tumor growth and metastasis. Targeting G9a histone methyltransferase (HMTase) effectively blocks CSC functions in colorectal tumors by altering pluripotent-like molecular networks; however, existing molecules directly targeting G9a HMTase activity failed to reach clinical stages due to safety concerns. Using a stem cell-based phenotypic drug-screening pipeline, we identified the dopamine transporter (DAT) antagonist vanoxerine, a compound with previously demonstrated clinical safety, as a cancer-specific downregulator of G9a expression. Here we show that gene silencing and chemical antagonism of DAT impede colorectal CSC functions by repressing G9a expression. Antagonizing DAT also enhanced tumor lymphocytic infiltration by activating endogenous transposable elements and type-I interferon response. Our study unveils the direct implication of the DAT-G9a axis in the maintenance of CSC populations and an approach to improve antitumor immune response in colon tumors."
9302,brain tumour,38350984,Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) associated optic neuritis in a patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and compressive optic neuropathy case report.,Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease (MOGAD) has a wide phenotypic expression and should be considered in a differential diagnosis of patients with optic disc edema and increased intracranial pressure because MOGAD can mimic IIH and compressive optic neuropathy.
9303,brain tumour,38350968,Comparison of standard mismatch repair deficiency and microsatellite instability tests in a large cancer series.,"The tumor-agnostic indication of immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat cancers with mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR)/microsatellite instability (MSI) increased the demand for such tests beyond Lynch syndrome. International guideline recommendations accept immunohistochemistry (IHC) for dMMR or molecular techniques (PCR or NGS) for MSI status determinations considering the two tests are equal, although there are scattered reports contradicting to this presumption."
9304,brain tumour,38350915,Mass spectrometry-based proteomics of cerebrospinal fluid in pediatric central nervous system malignancies: a systematic review with meta-analysis of individual patient data.,"The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome could offer important insights into central nervous system (CNS) malignancies. To advance proteomic research in pediatric CNS cancer, the current study aims to (1) evaluate past mass spectrometry-based workflows and (2) synthesize previous CSF proteomic data, focusing on both qualitative summaries and quantitative re-analysis. MAIN: In our analysis of 11 studies investigating the CSF proteome in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or primary brain tumors, we observed significant methodological variability. This variability negatively affects comparative analysis of the included studies, as per GRADE criteria for quality of evidence. The qualitative summaries covered 161 patients and 134 non-tumor controls, while the application of validation cohort varied among the studies. The quantitative re-analysis comprised 15 B-ALL vs 6 ""healthy"" controls and 15 medulloblastoma patients vs 22 non-tumor controls. Certain CSF proteins were identified as potential indicators of specific malignancies or stages of neurotoxicity during chemotherapy, yet definitive conclusions were impeded by inconsistent data. There were no proteins with statistically significant differences when comparing cases versus controls that were corroborated across studies where quantitative reanalysis was feasible. From a gene ontology enrichment, we observed that age disparities between unmatched case and controls may mislead to protein correlations more indicative of age-related CNS developmental stages rather than neuro-oncological disease. Despite efforts to batch correct (HarmonizR) and impute missing values, merging of dataset proved unfeasible and thereby limited meaningful data integration across different studies."
9305,brain tumour,38350598,"The ClearPoint Array Frame: An MRI Compatible System that Supports Non-craniotomy, Multi-trajectory (NCMT) Stereotactic Procedures.","With continued evolution in stereotactic techniques and an expanding armamentarium of surgical therapeutic options, non-craniotomy stereotactic procedures in neuro-oncology are becoming increasingly complex, often requiring multi-trajectory approaches. Here we demonstrate that the ClearPoint SmartFrame Array (Solana Beach, California, USA), a second-generation magnetic resonance imaging-compatible stereotactic frame, supports such non-craniotomy, multi-trajectory (NCMT) stereotactic procedures."
9306,brain tumour,38350413,A more efficient method for generating glioblastoma-multiforme model in mice using genome editing technology.,"The elucidation of the properties of malignant glioma and development of therapeutic methods require glioblastoma-multiforme mice model with characteristics such as invasiveness, multinuclearity, and ability for mitosis. A previous study has shown that overexpression of active HRas (HRasL61) in neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) isolated from p53 knockout (KO) mice could induce glioma-initiating cells (GICs). The orthotopically transplantation of 10 cells into the forebrain of immunodeficient mice resulted in the development of glioblastoma multiforme-like malignant brain tumors. In this study, we successfully induced GICs from wild-type fetal NSCs. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we obtained p53 KO NSCs. HRasL61 was additionally overexpressed in p53 KO NSCs. p53-/HRasL61+ cells were cloned and then transplanted into immunodeficient mice. p53-/HRasL61+ cells formed glioblastoma multiforme-like tumors. Further, GIC markers were strongly expressed in p53-/HRasL61+ cells. Therefore, p53-/HRasL61+ cell is an induced GIC. A CRISPR/Cas9-based method for inducing GIC is much more efficient than a KO mice-based method. This study provides a promising framework for easily creating glioblastoma model in mice."
9307,brain tumour,38350361,Novel 4-Aryl-4H-chromene derivative displayed excellent in vivo anti-glioblastoma efficacy as the microtubule-targeting agent.,"In this study, a series of novel 4-Aryl-4H-chromene derivatives (D1-D31) were designed and synthesized by integrating quinoline heterocycle to crolibulin template molecule based on the strategy of molecular hybridization. One of these compounds D19 displayed positive antiproliferative activity against U87 cancer cell line (IC"
9308,brain tumour,38350302,Comparison of the prognostic value of eight nutrition-related tools in older patients with cancer: A prospective study.,The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the ability of eight nutrition-related tools to predict 1-year mortality in older patients with cancer.
9309,brain tumour,38350083,Mismatch Between Brain MRIs and 18 F-DOPA PET/CT : Impact on the Management of a Long Survivor With EGFR-Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma.,"After receiving erlotinib for 4 years, a man with advanced lung adenocarcinoma was treated with stereotactic radiotherapy for a left cerebellar brain metastasis. Local relapse of the metastasis was suspected 14 months after and confirmed on 18 F-DOPA PET. Three additional uptakes were described with no unequivocal MRI pathological signal. A second radiotherapy course was delivered. One year later, isolated local recurrence was suspected on a 3 T MRI, with a suspicious 18 F-DOPA uptake. Five additional 18 F-DOPA uptakes were described among which one increased between the 2 PETs. Because of these MRI/PET mismatches, a switch from erlotinib to osimertinib was preferred over surgery."
9310,brain tumour,38349998,Germline Mutations of Holliday Junction Resolvase Genes in Multiple Primary Malignancies Involving Lung Cancer Lead to PARP Inhibitor Sensitization.,The incidence of multiple primary malignancies (MPM) involving lung cancer has increased in recent decades. There is an urgent need to clarify the genetic profile of such patients and explore more efficacious therapy for them.
9311,brain tumour,38349604,METTL3 Mediates Microglial Activation and Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Cerebral Ischemic Stroke by Regulating NLRP3 Inflammasomes Through m6A Methylation Modification.,"Cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS) is the main cause of disability. METTL3 is implicated in CIS, and we explored its specific mechanism. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) HAPI cell model were established and treated with LV-METTL3 or DAA, oe-METTL3, miR-335-3p mimics, or DAA, to assess their effects on MCAO rat neurological and motor function, cerebral infarction area, brain water content, microglial activation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. METTL3, pri-miR-335-3p, mature miR-335-3p, and miR-335-3p mRNA levels were assessed by RT-qPCR; M1/M2 microglial phenotype proportion and M1/M2 microglia ratio, inflammatory factor levels, and m6A modification were assessed. MCAO rats manifested cerebral ischemia injury. METTL3 was under-expressed in CIS. METTL3 overexpression inhibited microglial activation and M1 polarization and BBB permeability in MCAO rats and inhibited OGD/R-induced microglial activation and reduced M1 polarization. METTL3 regulated miR-335-3p expression and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation. m6A methylation inhibition averted METTL3's effects on NLRP3 activation, thus promoting microglial activation in OGD/R-induced cells and METTL3's effects on BBB permeability in MCAO rats. Briefly, METTL3 regulated miR-335-3p expression through RNA m6A methylation and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation, thus repressing microglial activation, BBB permeability, and protecting against CIS."
9312,brain tumour,38349502,Preoperative Strategies for Locally Advanced Colon Cancer.,"Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is safe for patients with locally advanced colon cancer (LACC). The FOxTROT trial demonstrated a reduction in residual and recurrent cancer at 2 years with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with cT3-4 LACC. Preoperative chemotherapy should be avoided, if possible, for patients with dMMR LACC, as over 50% of dMMR cancers have no pathologic response. Early universal testing of MMR status is critical to selecting the appropriate neoadjuvant therapy. Concerns about CT staging of LACC have limited uptake of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, as approximately 25% of patients with cT3-T4 cancer on CT have low-risk stage II disease. Development of CT criteria for malignant nodes should reduce the risk of over-staging. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to identify patients for neoadjuvant therapy. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy is safe and results in dramatic pathologic responses in patients with dMMR LACC. Longer follow-up is needed to determine if the exceptionally high pathologic response rates observed will translate into long-term remission. Remarkably, neoadjuvant immunotherapy has been found to cause major pathologic responses in a subset of patients with pMMR LACC, indicating the potential to cure more patients with this common cancer. Patients with cT4 LACC, whether stage II or III, have a substantial risk of recurrence despite adjuvant fluoropyrimidine plus oxaliplatin chemotherapy. We recommend neoadjuvant systemic therapy for all patients with cT4b LACC (dMMR and pMMR). Features of T4b disease are routinely reported by radiology. We use three cycles of FOLFOX chemotherapy for patients with cT4b pMMR LACC, due to the high rate of compliance and improvement in residual and recurrent disease. Patients with cT4b dMMR LACC should receive neoadjuvant immunotherapy, if there are no contraindications. Clinical trials of neoadjuvant therapy for LACC are of great interest and should provide training for radiologists to identify eligible patients. Results are anticipated from multiple ongoing trials of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy for pMMR LACC and immunotherapy for dMMR LACC."
9313,brain tumour,38349476,Repeated surgical resections for management of high-grade glioma and its impact on quality of life.,"High-grade gliomas (HGG) are aggressive cancers, and their recurrence is inevitable, despite advances in treatment options. While repeated tumor resection has been shown to increase survival rate, its impact on quality of life is not clearly defined. To address this gap, we compared quality of life (QoL) changes in HGG patients who underwent first-time (FTR) versus repeat surgical resections (RSR) for management of recurrence."
9314,brain tumour,38349475,Comment: Additional factors affecting cognitive function in low grade glioma patients.,No abstract found
9315,brain tumour,38349246,Brain Tumor Imaging in Adolescents and Young Adults: 2021 WHO Updates for Molecular-based Tumor Types.,"Published in 2021, the fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) introduced new molecular criteria for tumor types that commonly occur in either pediatric or adult age groups. Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) are at the intersection of adult and pediatric care, and both pediatric-type and adult-type CNS tumors occur at that age. Mortality rates for AYAs with CNS tumors have increased by 0.6% per year for males and 1% per year for females from 2007 to 2016. To best serve patients, it is crucial that both pediatric and adult radiologists who interpret neuroimages are familiar with the various pediatric- and adult-type brain tumors and their typical imaging morphologic characteristics. Gliomas account for approximately 80% of all malignant CNS tumors in the AYA age group, with the most common types observed being diffuse astrocytic and glioneuronal tumors. Ependymomas and medulloblastomas also occur in the AYA population but are seen less frequently. Importantly, biologic behavior and progression of distinct molecular subgroups of brain tumors differ across ages. This review discusses newly added or revised gliomas in the fifth edition of the CNS WHO classification, as well as other CNS tumor types common in the AYA population."
9316,brain tumour,38349201,Advancements and current trends in tumor treating fields: a scientometric analysis.,"Tumor treating fields (TTFields) therapy is a novel and effective noninvasive cancer therapy, and it has been approved by FDA in the treatment of recurrent and newly diagnosed glioblastoma, and malignant pleural mesothelioma. Moreover, TTFields therapy has been widely studied in both clinical trials and preclinical studies in recent years. Based on its high efficacy, research on TTFields therapy has been a hot topic. Thus, the authors made this scientometric analysis of TTfields to reveal the scientometric distributions such as annual publications and citations, countries and institutions, authors, journals, references, and more importantly, research status and hot topics of the field. In recent years, publication numbers have been stable at high values, and citation numbers have been increasing greatly. The United States and Israel were the top two countries with the highest publication numbers, followed by Germany and Switzerland. Scientometric analyses of keywords indicated that clinical applications and antitumor mechanisms are probably the two main parts of current research on TTfields. Most clinical trials of TTfields focus on the treatment of glioblastoma. And a variety of other cancers such as lung cancer especially nonsmall cell lung cancer, hepatic cancer, other brain tumors, etc. have also been studied in both clinical trials and preclinical studies."
9317,brain tumour,38348829,Promising response to vemurafenib and cobimetinib treatment for BRAF V600E mutated craniopharyngioma: a case report and literature review.,"Craniopharyngiomas are tumors that arise from the remnants of Rathke's pouch along the nasopharynx to the diencephalon. Current standard of care includes maximal surgical resection versus adjuvant radiation if a maximal resection is unfeasible. Pharmacological therapy with MAPK targeted agents is an emerging therapeutic option for tumors with BRAF V600E mutations. We report a 45-year-old male with a strictly third ventricle papillary craniopharyngioma with a BRAF V600E mutation. After initial surgery with subtotal resection, the patient demonstrated durable response to targeted BRAF and MEK inhibitor therapy with vemurafenib and cobimetinib. Our report suggests that targeted therapy may reduce the need for radiation and impact surgical interventions in select cases."
9318,brain tumour,38348576,Application of plasma circulating KRAS mutations as a predictive biomarker for targeted treatment of pancreatic cancer.,"Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations in circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid (ctDNA) have been reported as representative noninvasive prognostic markers for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, we aimed to evaluate single KRAS mutations as prognostic and predictive biomarkers, with an emphasis on potential therapeutic approaches to PDAC. A total of 128 patients were analyzed for multiple or single KRAS mutations (G12A, G12C, G12D, G12R, G12S, G12V, and G13D) in their tumors and plasma using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). Overall, KRAS mutations were detected by multiplex ddPCR in 119 (93%) of tumor DNA and 68 (53.1%) of ctDNA, with a concordance rate of 80% between plasma ctDNA and tumor DNA in the metastatic stage, which was higher than the 44% in the resectable stage. Moreover, the prognostic prediction of both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was more relevant using plasma ctDNA than tumor DNA. Further, we evaluated the selective tumor-suppressive efficacy of the KRAS G12C inhibitor sotorasib in a patient-derived organoid (PDO) from a KRAS G12C-mutated patient using a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Sotorasib showed selective inhibition in vitro and in vivo with altered tumor microenvironment, including fibroblasts and macrophages. Collectively, screening for KRAS single mutations in plasma ctDNA and the use of preclinical models of PDO and PDX with genetic mutations would impact precision medicine in the context of PDAC."
9319,brain tumour,38348537,Cancer-associated non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis-Clinical series from a single institution.,"Premortem clinical presentation of cancer-associated non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (Ca-NBTE), therapy, and the clinal course is limited to case reports and small clinical series. An electronic search of Mayo Clinic records (03/31/2002-06/30/2022) with a subsequent manual review was performed to identify adult patients with echocardiographically detected NBTE and active malignancy, excluding those with infectious endocarditis or lupus anticoagulant/antiphospholipid antibodies. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed 115 Ca-NBTE patients (mean age 63.2 ± 9.7 years, 66.1% female) involving 71 (61.7%) mitral, 58 (50.4%) aortic, 8 (6.9%) tricuspid, and 1 (0.9%) pulmonary valve. The most common cancer was lung (n = 45 cases (39.1%), followed by pancreatic (n = 19, 16.5%), gynecological (17, 14.8%), gastrointestinal (n = 10, 8.7%), and 10 (8.7%) with hematologic malignancy; 6 patients had two active cancers. Embolic complications at presentation were frequent: 94 (81.7%) brain, 11 splenic, 10 renal, 6 coronary, and 4 to the extremities. Of 104 anticoagulated patients, 60 received low molecular weight heparin, 17 unfractionated heparin, 16 apixaban, 8 warfarin, and 3 rivaroxaban. There were 18 arterial thromboembolisms; the Kaplan-Meier estimates of the incidence at 2 years were consistent with a rate of 15.9% [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 9.9-23.3], including 14 strokes (12.4%, 95%CI, 7.1-19.2), and 8 other arterial emboli (10.5%, 95%CI, 4.7-18.9); there were 10 venous thromboembolisms (8.9%, 95%CI, 4.5-15.0). Fourteen major bleedings occurred (12.8%, 95%CI, 7.3-19.9) and 94 patients died during follow-up (77.9%, 95%CI, 71.1-85.8). Ca-NBTE predominantly affected women with lung adenocarcinoma or digestive tract cancers and manifested by stroke with high mortality and frequent embolic and bleeding complications during anticoagulation therapy."
9320,brain tumour,38348388,Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor in a lower middle‑income country: Challenges to cure.,"Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a rare type of potentially fatal childhood brain tumor. The present study aimed to examine the overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) outcomes of pediatric patients with ATRT and to analyze the impact of different prognostic factors, including age, sex, tumor site and size, metastatic disease, the extent of resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, on survival. The present study included 47 patients with ATRT treated at the Children's Cancer Hospital of Egypt (Cairo, Egypt) between July 2007 and December 2017. These patients were treated according to the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute protocol 02-294 for 51 weeks. Various prognostic factors, including age, sex, tumor size and initial metastatic status, exhibited no impact on the radiological response measured at 6 weeks and at the end of treatment. The primary tumor site significantly affected the response to treatment at 6 weeks (P=0.008). Toxicity-related mortality occurred in 29.8% of patients. The median duration of the treatment protocol was 66.9 weeks. The duration of treatment was in the present cohort was longer than the actual 51 weeks of the protocol due to prolonged supportive care of the included patients. Patients who encountered toxicity received reduced dose of chemotherapy in the subsequent cycles in the protocol. Age, initial metastatic status, tumor site and resection extent did not significantly affect the patient outcomes. Preoperative tumor size significantly affected the EFS (P=0.03) and OS (P=0.04). Radiotherapy administration significantly affected the OS (P<0.001) and EFS (P<0.001). The median EFS and OS of patients were 9.3 and 10.3 months, respectively. A total of 24 (51.1%) patients exhibited disease progression or recurrence. The progression sites were local (n=6), metastatic (n=9) or both local and metastatic (n=9). The results of the present study demonstrated that the therapeutic regimen should be patient-adjusted to maintain the treatment intensity and avoid toxicity-related mortality. In lower middle-income countries, short and intensified induction followed by consolidation of treatment, either by single or tandem autologous stem cell transplant, is needed to avoid prolonged exposure to myelosuppression and toxicity-related mortality."
9321,brain tumour,38347999,Listeria monocytogenes Brain Abscess Presenting With Stroke-Like Symptoms: A Case Report.,We present a case of 
9322,brain tumour,38347835,Robotic stereotactic radiosurgery for intracranial meningiomas in elderly patients: assessment of treatment efficacy and safety.,"Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been increasingly used to treat intracranial pathologies in elderly patients. The treatment efficiency of SRS has been demonstrated in meningiomas, with excellent local control. We aimed to analyze the safety of robotic SRS in elderly patients with meningiomas."
9323,brain tumour,38347794,Naringenin Nanoformulations for Neurodegenerative Diseases.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a grade-IV astrocytoma, which is the most common and aggressive type of brain tumor, spreads rapidly and has a life-threatening catastrophic effect. GBM mostly occurs in adults with an average survival time of 15 to 18 months, and the overall mortality rate is 5%. Significant invasion and drug resistance activity cause the poor diagnosis of GBM. Naringenin (NRG) is a plant secondary metabolite byproduct of the flavanone subgroup. NRG can cross the blood-brain barrier and deliver drugs into the central nervous system when conjugated with appropriate nanocarriers to overcome the challenges associated with gliomas through naringenin-loaded nanoformulations. Here, we discuss several nanocarriers employed that are as delivery systems, such as polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanosuspensions, and nanoemulsions. These naringenin-loaded nanoformulations have been tested in various "
9324,brain tumour,38347567,Extracellular vesicles produced by irradiated endothelial or Glioblastoma stem cells promote tumor growth and vascularization modulating tumor microenvironment.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor in adult, characterized by highly aggressive and infiltrative growth. The current therapeutic management of GBM includes surgical resection followed by ionizing radiations and chemotherapy. Complex and dynamic interplay between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment drives the progression and contributes to therapeutic resistance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in the intercellular communication by delivering bioactive molecules in the surrounding milieu modulating tumor microenvironment."
9325,brain tumour,38347462,Integrated transcriptomics uncovers an enhanced association between the prion protein gene expression and vesicle dynamics signatures in glioblastomas.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor that exhibits resistance to current treatment, making the identification of novel therapeutic targets essential. In this context, cellular prion protein (PrP"
9326,brain tumour,38347392,Identifying Pathological Subtypes of Brain Metastasis from Lung Cancer Using MRI-Based Deep Learning Approach: A Multicenter Study.,"The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of deep learning (DL) based on multiparametric MRI to differentiate the pathological subtypes of brain metastasis (BM) in lung cancer patients. This retrospective analysis collected 246 patients (456 BMs) from five medical centers from July 2016 to June 2022. The BMs were from small-cell lung cancer (SCLC, n = 230) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC, n = 226; 119 adenocarcinoma and 107 squamous cell carcinoma). Patients from four medical centers were assigned to training set and internal validation set with a ratio of 4:1, and we selected another medical center as an external test set. An attention-guided residual fusion network (ARFN) model for T1WI, T2WI, T2-FLAIR, DWI, and contrast-enhanced T1WI based on the ResNet-18 basic network was developed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to assess the classification performance. Compared with models based on five single-sequence and other combinations, a multiparametric MRI model based on five sequences had higher specificity in distinguishing BMs from different types of lung cancer. In the internal validation and external test sets, AUCs of the model for the classification of SCLC and NSCLC brain metastasis were 0.796 and 0.751, respectively; in terms of differentiating adenocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma BMs, the AUC values of the prediction models combining the five sequences were 0.771 and 0.738, respectively. DL together with multiparametric MRI has discriminatory feasibility in identifying pathology type of BM from lung cancer."
9327,brain tumour,38347151,Patterns of T2-FLAIR discordance across a cohort of adult-type diffuse gliomas and deviations from the classic T2-FLAIR mismatch sign.,T2-FLAIR mismatch serves as a highly specific but insensitive marker for IDH-mutant (IDHm) astrocytoma with potential limitations in real-world application. We aimed to assess the utility of a broader definition of T2-FLAIR discordance across a cohort of adult-type diffuse lower-grade gliomas (LrGG) to see if specific patterns emerge and additionally examine factors determining deviation from the classic T2-FLAIR mismatch sign.
9328,brain tumour,38347094,HER2 expression and genOmic characterization of rESected brain metastases from colorectal cancer: the HEROES study.,Little is known about prognostic factors of brain metastases (BM) from colorectal cancer (CRC). HER2 amplification/overexpression (HER2+) was previously described; its impact on prognosis remains uncertain.
9329,brain tumour,38346934,Disentangling the reasons why older adults do not readily participate in cancer trials: a socio-epidemiological mixed methods approach.,Few studies of the under-representation of older adults in cancer clinical trials (CTs) have encompassed the entire pathway from a trial being available in a cancer centre to the patient's invitation to participate and then agreement or refusal to participate.
9330,brain tumour,38346762,[Air embolism after biliary stent removal during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for cholangitis after biliary reconstruction: a case report].,"A 62-year-old male patient underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with modified Child reconstruction for distal cholangiocarcinoma. After eight years, a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a recurrent lesion at the biliojejunal anastomosis, and a biliary stent was placed for obstructive cholangitis in the right posterior segment of the liver. A right hepatectomy was planned for a local recurrent lesion;thus, percutaneous transhepatic portal embolization was performed on the portal vein's right branch to enlarge the left liver. However, he was referred to our department for endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage for the subsequent cholangitis and liver abscess appearance. A double-balloon enteroscope under CO"
9331,brain tumour,38346596,Peri-operative individually tailored psychological intervention in breast cancer patients improves psychological indices and molecular biomarkers of metastasis in excised tumors.,"Perioperative stress and inflammatory signaling can invigorate pro-metastatic molecular processes in patients' tumors, potentially worsening long-term survival. Yet, it is unknown whether pre-operative psychotherapeutic interventions can attenuate such effects. Herein, three weeks before surgery, forty women diagnosed with stage I-III invasive ductal/lobular breast carcinoma were randomized to a 6-week one-on-one psychological intervention (6 meetings with a medical psychologist and bi-weekly phone calls) versus standard nursing-staff-attention. The intervention protocol was individually tailored based on evaluation of patients' emotional, cognitive, physiological, and behavioral stress response-patterns, and also included psychoeducation regarding medical treatments and recruitment of social support. Resected primary tumors were subjected to whole-genome RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses, assessing a priori hypothesized cancer-relevant molecular signatures. Self-report questionnaires (BSI-18, Hope-18, MSPSS, and a stress-scale) were collected three (T1) and one (T2) week before surgery, a day before (T3) and after (T4) surgery, and three weeks (T5) and 3-months (T6) following surgery. The intervention reduced distress (GSI), depression, and somatization scores (BSI-18: p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.05; T5 vs. T1). Additionally, tumors from treated patients (vs. controls) showed: (i) decreased activity of transcription control pathways involved in adrenergic and glucocorticoid signaling (CREB, GR) (p < 0.001), pro-inflammatory signaling (NFkB) (p < 0.01), and pro-malignant signaling (ETS1, STAT and GATA families) (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.005); (ii) increased M1 macrophage polarization (p < 0.05), and CD4"
9332,brain tumour,38346588,Diagnostic Yield of Stereotactic Brain Biopsy in a Sub-Saharan Tertiary Center: A Comprehensive 10-Year Retrospective Analysis.,"Stereotactic brain biopsy is a crucial minimally invasive surgical technique leveraged to obtain tissue specimens from deep-seated intracranial lesions, offering a safer alternative to open craniotomy for patients who cannot tolerate the latter. Despite its effectiveness, the diagnostic yield varies across different centers and has not been widely studied in Sub-Saharan Africa."
9333,brain tumour,38346200,Multimodal neuro-nanotechnology: Challenging the existing paradigm in glioblastoma therapy.,"Integrating multimodal neuro- and nanotechnology-enabled precision immunotherapies with extant systemic immunotherapies may finally provide a significant breakthrough for combatting glioblastoma (GBM). The potency of this approach lies in its ability to train the immune system to efficiently identify and eradicate cancer cells, thereby creating anti-tumor immune memory while minimizing multi-mechanistic immune suppression. A critical aspect of these therapies is the controlled, spatiotemporal delivery of structurally defined nanotherapeutics into the GBM tumor microenvironment (TME). Architectures such as spherical nucleic acids or poly(beta-amino ester)/dendrimer-based nanoparticles have shown promising results in preclinical models due to their multivalency and abilities to activate antigen-presenting cells and prime antigen-specific T cells. These nanostructures also permit systematic variation to optimize their distribution, TME accumulation, cellular uptake, and overall immunostimulatory effects. Delving deeper into the relationships between nanotherapeutic structures and their performance will accelerate nano-drug development and pave the way for the rapid clinical translation of advanced nanomedicines. In addition, the efficacy of nanotechnology-based immunotherapies may be enhanced when integrated with emerging precision surgical techniques, such as laser interstitial thermal therapy, and when combined with systemic immunotherapies, particularly inhibitors of immune-mediated checkpoints and immunosuppressive adenosine signaling. In this perspective, we highlight the potential of emerging treatment modalities, combining advances in biomedical engineering and neurotechnology development with existing immunotherapies to overcome treatment resistance and transform the management of GBM. We conclude with a call to action for researchers to leverage these technologies and accelerate their translation into the clinic."
9334,brain tumour,38346047,Therapeutic interventions on human breast cancer xenografts promote systemic dissemination of oncogenes.,"Metastatic dissemination following successful treatment of the primary tumour remains a common cause of death. There is mounting evidence that therapeutic interventions themselves may promote development of metastatic disease. We earlier reported that cell-free chromatin particles (cfChPs) released from dying cancer cells are potentially oncogenic. Based on this observation we hypothesized that therapeutic interventions may lead to the release of cfChPs from therapy induced dying cancer cells which could be carried via the blood stream to distant organs to transform healthy cells into new cancers that would masquerade as metastasis. To test this hypothesis, we generated xenografts of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells in severe combined immune-deficient mice, and using immuno-fluorescence and FISH analysis looked for cfChPs in their brain cells. We detected multiple human DNA signals representing cfChPs in nuclei of brain cells of mice which co-localized with eight human onco-proteins. No intact MDA-MB-231 cells were detected. The number of co-localizing human DNA and human c-Myc signals increased dramatically following treatment with chemotherapy, localized radiotherapy or surgery, which could be prevented by concurrent treatment with three different cfChPs deactivating agents. These results suggest that therapeutic interventions lead to the release cfChPs from therapy induced dying cancer cells carrying oncogenes and are transported via the blood stream to brain cells to potentially transform them to generate new cancers that would appear as metastases. cfChPs induced metastatic spread of cancer is preventable by concurrent treatment with agents that deactivate cfChPs."
9335,brain tumour,38346008,Blood-Brain Barrier-Penetrating and Lesion-Targeting Nanoplatforms Inspired by the Pathophysiological Features for Synergistic Ischemic Stroke Therapy.,"Ischemic stroke is a dreadful vascular disorder that poses enormous threats to the public health. Due to its complicated pathophysiological features, current treatment options after ischemic stroke attack remains unsatisfactory. Insufficient drug delivery to ischemic lesions impeded by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) largely limits the therapeutic efficacy of most anti-stroke agents. Herein, inspired by the rapid BBB penetrability of 4T1 tumor cells upon their brain metastasis and natural roles of platelet in targeting injured vasculatures, a bio-derived nanojacket is developed by fusing 4T1 tumor cell membrane with platelet membrane, which further clothes on the surface of paeonol and polymetformin-loaded liposome to obtain biomimetic nanoplatforms (PP@PCL) for ischemic stroke treatment. The designed PP@PCL could remarkably alleviate ischemia-reperfusion injury by efficiently targeting ischemic lesion, preventing neuroinflammation, scavenging excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), reprogramming microglia phenotypes, and promoting angiogenesis due to the synergistic therapeutic mechanisms that anchor the pathophysiological characteristics of ischemic stroke. As a result, PP@PCL exerts desirable therapeutic efficacy in injured PC12 neuronal cells and rat model of ischemic stroke, which significantly attenuates neuronal apoptosis, reduces infarct volume, and recovers neurological functions, bringing new insights into exploiting promising treatment strategies for cerebral ischemic stroke management."
9336,brain tumour,38345720,Elevated risk of recurrence and retreatment for silent pituitary adenomas.,Pituitary adenomas are the most common tumor of the pituitary gland and comprise nearly 15% of all intracranial masses. These tumors are stratified into functional or silent categories based on their pattern of hormone expression and secretion. Preliminary evidence supports differential clinical outcomes between some functional pituitary adenoma (FPA) subtypes and silent pituitary adenoma (SPA) subtypes.
9337,brain tumour,38345719,Impulse control disorders in patients with dopamine agonist-treated pituitary adenomas: a cross-sectional multicenter study.,Impulse control disorders (ICDs) have been described as underrecognized side effects of dopamine agonists (DAs) in neurological disorders but are not sufficiently understood in endocrine conditions.
9338,brain tumour,38345610,"Freiburg Neuropathology Case Conference: : 68-Year-Old Patient with Slurred Speech, Double Vision, and Increasing Gait Disturbance.",No abstract found
9339,brain tumour,38345457,"Antitumor activity of 5-hydroxy-3',4',6,7-tetramethoxyflavone in glioblastoma cell lines and its antagonism with radiotherapy.","5-Hydroxy-3',4',6,7-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF) is a plant-origin flavone known for its anti-cancer properties. In the present study, the cytotoxic effect of TMF was evaluated in the U87MG and T98G glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines. The effect of TMF on cell viability was assessed with trypan blue exclusion assay and crystal violet staining. In addition, flow cytometry was performed to examine its effect on the different phases of the cell cycle, and "
9340,brain tumour,38345408,Identification of binding partners that facilitate membrane-type 5 matrix metalloproteinase (MT5-MMP) processing of amyloid precursor protein.,"One of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the presence of extracellular deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide. In addition to Aβ as the core component of the amyloid plaque, the amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing fragment Aβ was also found accumulated around the plaque. The APPη pathway, mainly mediated by membrane-type 5 matrix metalloproteinase (MT5-MMP), represents an important factor in AD pathogenesis. The proamyloidogenic features of MT5-MMP could result from interactions with APP when trafficking between organelles, so determination of the location within the cell of APPη cleavage and interacting proteins of MT5-MMP affecting this process will be of priority in understanding the role of MT5-MMP in AD. In the present study, MT5-MMP was found to be located in the nucleus, cytosol, and cytosolic subcellular granules of CHO cells that stably expressed wild-type human APP751. MT5-MMP fusion proteins were constructed that could localize enzyme production in the Golgi apparatus, endosome, ER, mitochondria, or plasma membrane. The fusion proteins significantly increased sAPPη when directed to the endosome, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane, or mitochondria. Since the C-terminal region of MT5-MMP is responsible for its intracellular location and trafficking, this domain was used as the bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify MT5-MMP protein partners in a human brain cDNA library. Identified binding partners included N4BP2L1, TMX3, EIG121, bridging Integrator 1 (BIN1), RUFY4, HTRA1, and TMEM199. The binding of N4BP2L1, EIG121, BIN1, or TMX3 to MT5-MMP resulted in the most significant increase in sAPPη production. Thus, the action of MT5-MMP on APP occurs in multiple locations within the cell and is facilitated by site-specific binding partners."
9341,brain tumour,38345316,Dyadic Investigation of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Daily Sleep Health in Patients With Cancer and Their Caregivers.,Cancer can be a traumatic experience affecting multidimensional aspects of sleep among patients and caregivers. This study examined the differential associations of cancer-related posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) with various sleep markers in this population.
9342,brain tumour,38345073,EIF4A3 targeted therapeutic intervention in glioblastoma multiforme using phytochemicals from Indian medicinal plants - an integration of phytotherapy into precision onco-medicine.,"Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), an aggressive brain tumor (grade-IV astrocytoma), poses treatment challenges. Poor prognosis results from the rapid growth, highlighting the role of EIF4A3 in regulating non-coding RNAs. EIF4A3 promotes the expression of several non-coding RNAs, viz, Circ matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), a prominent oncogene, by interacting with the upstream region of the circMMP9 mRNA transcript and acts on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM. However, research shows that EIF4A3 knockdown inhibits glioblastoma progression and increases apoptosis. In this study, we explored the efficiency of the phytochemicals from plants like "
9343,brain tumour,38345061,EDLNet: ensemble deep learning network model for automatic brain tumor classification and segmentation.,"The brain's abnormal and uncontrollable cell partitioning is a severe cancer disease. The tissues around the brain or the skull induce this tumor to develop spontaneously. For the treatment of a brain tumor, surgical techniques are typically preferred. Deep learning models in the biomedical field have recently attracted a lot of attention for detecting and treating diseases. This article proposes a new Ensemble Deep Learning Network (EDLNet) model. This research uses the Modified Faster RCNN approach to classify brain MRI scan images into cancerous and non-cancerous. A deep recurrent convolutional neural network (DRCNN)-based diagnostic method for early-stage brain tumor segmentation is presented. The evaluation outcomes show that the proposed tumor classification and segmentation model's performance accurately segments tissues from MRI images. For the analysis of the proposed model, two different publicly available datasets (D1&D2) are used. For D1 and D2 datasets, a total of 99.76% and 99.87% accuracies are achieved by the proposed model. The performance results of the proposed model are more effective than the state-of-the-art network models as per the experimental results.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."
9344,brain tumour,38344592,Behavioral and Biochemical Assays for Autism Models of Wistar Rats.,"Being a ""behavioral disorder,"" autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is difficult to manage because its precise etiology is uncertain. In order to better understand the pathophysiology of autism and explore various therapeutic approaches, animal models are developed. Animal models of autism caused by valproate during pregnancy exhibit strong construct validity and reliability. Hence, this study was done among autism-induced rats with the aim of identifying the behavioral and biochemical assays. Pregnant rats were administered sodium valproate on the 12th day of gestation, while control pregnant rats received normal saline. The rats' offspring that received normal saline during intrauterine life were grouped as control, and the rats' offspring that received valproate were grouped as autism-induced. From postnatal day (PND) 21, behavioral assessments were done by using the Y maze (repetitive behavior) and the T maze (social behavior). The estimation of antioxidant profile (malondialdehyde {MDA}, glutathione {GSH}, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase {SOD}), proinflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor {TNF} alpha, transforming growth factor {TGF} beta, interleukin {IL} 6, and IL-1 beta), neurotransmitters (gamma-aminobutyric acid {GABA} and serotonin), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampal region was done. Oxidative stress, increased proinflammatory markers, and increased serotonin were recorded in the autism group. Rats with autism had a significant decrease in GABA and BDNF levels. These biochemical alterations can be correlated with clinical features of autism to diagnose and manage the disorder at the earliest."
9345,brain tumour,38344482,Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor With Rapid Recurrence and Distant Metastasis: Report of a Rare Case.,"Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are rare spindle cell tumors clinically, morphologically, and genetically heterogeneous, mimicking many other reactive and neoplastic lesions and creating great diagnostic problems. Although it is generally characterized by oncogene-derived proliferation of myofibroblasts in a background of polyclonal inflammatory cell infiltrates, morphological variations do occur requiring immunohistochemistry and molecular genetics to confirm the diagnosis. It encompasses a wide age range, and locations, mostly said to be of intermediate grade having a low risk of recurrence and metastasis. However, its biological behavior and course are variable and unpredictable. Here, we report a case of thoracic IMT in a 32-year-old adult female presenting with a history of fever, cough, and chest pain associated with neutrophilic leukocytosis. Radiological investigations revealed a large mass in the thoracic region with possibilities of hydatid cyst and neurogenic tumor. Initial core needle biopsy specimen and subsequent local resection specimen revealed the diagnosis of IMT on histopathology and immunohistochemistry, having conventional morphology with expression of Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein. The patient developed rapid local recurrence and was started with first-generation ALK inhibitor Crizotinib. After a brief period of response, she developed vertebral and brain metastasis within a short span of time and was switched to a third-generation ALK inhibitor, Lorlatinib. The patient is on regular follow-up, has stable disease, and maintains a good quality of life after two years of diagnosis."
9346,brain tumour,38344329,Therapeutic results in children with brain tumors - a single center experience over 18 years.,"Tumors of the central nervous system represent the main cause of death by cancer in children. The diagnosis and molecular classification of these neoplasms have seen great improvement in the past years, due to ongoing genomic advances. In general, the treatment consists of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. However, the currently available pharmacological treatment options have limited effectiveness due to the particular characteristics of the blood-brain barrier."
9347,brain tumour,38344216,Evaluating Autoencoders for Dimensionality Reduction of MRI-derived Radiomics and Classification of Malignant Brain Tumors.,"Malignant brain tumors including parenchymal metastatic (MET) lesions, glioblastomas (GBM), and lymphomas (LYM) account for 29.7% of brain cancers. However, the characterization of these tumors from MRI imaging is difficult due to the similarity of their radiologically observed image features. Radiomics is the extraction of quantitative imaging features to characterize tumor intensity, shape, and texture. Applying machine learning over radiomic features could aid diagnostics by improving the classification of these common brain tumors. However, since the number of radiomic features is typically larger than the number of patients in the study, dimensionality reduction is needed to balance feature dimensionality and model complexity. Autoencoders are a form of unsupervised representation learning that can be used for dimensionality reduction. It is similar to PCA but uses a more complex and non-linear model to learn a compact latent space. In this work, we examine the effectiveness of autoencoders for dimensionality reduction on the radiomic feature space of multiparametric MRI images and the classification of malignant brain tumors: GBM, LYM, and MET. We further aim to address the class imbalances imposed by the rarity of lymphomas by examining different approaches to increase overall predictive performance through multiclass decomposition strategies."
9348,brain tumour,38344102,Pediatric extra-axial glioblastoma with bone invasion leading to a subcutaneous mass: A case report.,"Pediatric glioblastoma multiforme (p-GBM) is an exceptionally rare and aggressive brain tumor, with even fewer reported cases with radiographic and intraoperative characteristics that mimic those of extra-axial lesions, often posing a diagnostic challenge. Despite advancements in imaging technologies, the diagnosis of GBM can still be intricate, relying primarily on histopathological confirmation."
9349,brain tumour,38344097,Solitary plasmacytoma of the calvarium: A successful management of a long-standing large lesion with a long-term follow-up.,"Solitary plasmacytoma of the calvarium (SPC), without evidence of multiple myeloma (MM), is extremely rare. We report a case of a long-standing large SPC that was treated successfully by surgical excision and adjuvant radiotherapy with a long follow-up period."
9350,brain tumour,38344096,Multiple myeloma extramedullary relapse at the sellar and suprasellar region after autologous stem cell transplantation.,The effectiveness of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in preventing the development of central nervous system (CNS) plasmacytomas in multiple myeloma (MM) patients is not well understood. An ASCT patient who developed CNS extramedullary (EM) lesions is presented. The literature was reviewed for similar cases in which the transplant did not prevent the development of CNS lesions.
9351,brain tumour,38343475,Tumefactive multiple sclerosis.,"Tumefactive multiple sclerosis (MS) is a subtype of atypical and rare MS that presents with tumor-like lesions in the central nervous system. The lesions may demonstrate a mass effect, edema, with ring enhancement. They can be mistaken for brain tumors or brain abscesses radiologically and clinically. Here we describe an instructive case of a 55-year-old woman with tumefactive MS who presented with occasional numbness in her right arm and leg, headache, thought confusion, and blurred vision for 2 years."
9352,brain tumour,38343093,Comprehensive 7 T CEST: A clinical MRI protocol covering multiple exchange rate regimes.,"Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging method providing molecular image contrasts based on indirect detection of low concentrated solutes. Previous CEST studies focused predominantly on the imaging of single CEST exchange regimes (e.g., slow, intermediate or fast exchanging groups). In this work, we aim to establish a so-called comprehensive CEST protocol for 7 T, covering the different exchange regimes by three saturation B1 amplitude regimes: low, intermediate and high. We used the results of previous publications and our own simulations in pulseq-CEST to produce a 7 T CEST protocol that has sensitivity to these three B1 regimes. With postprocessing optimization (simultaneous mapping of water shift and B1, B0-fitting, multiple interleaved mode saturation B1 correction, neural network employment (deepCEST) and analytical input feature reduction), we are able to shorten our initially 40 min protocol to 15 min and generate six CEST contrast maps simultaneously. With this protocol, we measured four healthy subjects and one patient with a brain tumor. We established a comprehensive CEST protocol for clinical 7 T MRI, covering three different B1 amplitude regimes. We were able to reduce the acquisition time significantly by more than 50%, while still maintaining decent image quality and contrast in healthy subjects and one patient with a tumor. Our protocol paves the way to perform comprehensive CEST studies in clinical scan times for hypothesis generation regarding molecular properties of certain pathologies, for example, ischemic stroke or high-grade brain tumours."
9353,brain tumour,38343018,Downregulated circRNA_CDKN1A promotes gallbladder cancer progression through activation of the NF-κB pathway.,"This study uncovered the potential clinical value and molecular driving mechanisms of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in gallbladder cancer (GBC). Differentially expressed circRNAs in GBC cells were screened by high-throughput sequencing. CircRNA_CDKN1A (circBase ID: hsa_circ_0076194) was knocked out in BGC-SD cells through transfection with sh-circRNA_CDKN1A. Then, proliferation was investigated via CCK8 and EdU assays, apoptosis via flow cytometry, migration via wound healing assays, and invasion via Transwell assays. Bioinformatics analysis of circRNA_CDKN1A-related signaling pathways was performed using MetScape and g:Profiler. Results showed that the knockdown of circRNA_CDKN1A enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBC cells and inhibited apoptosis. In addition, knocking out circRNA_CDKN1A promoted GBC cell proliferation and enhanced the dry indices of the OCT4 protein and CD34 expression levels. The knockdown of circRNA_CDKN1A activated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the biological role of circRNA_CDKN1A in GBC cells involved the NF-κB pathway. LY2409881, which is an NF-κB inhibitor, reversed the effects induced by the knockdown of circRNA_CDKN1A in GBC-SD cells. In summary, the knockdown of circRNA_CDKN1A promoted the progression of GBC by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. For the first time, this study revealed the mechanism of circRNA_CDKN1A-mediated regulatory action in GBC and identified the newly discovered circRNA_CDKN1A-NF-κB signaling axis as a potentially important candidate for clinical therapy and prognostic diagnosis of GBC."
9354,brain tumour,38342954,Survivors of infant atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors present with severely impaired cognitive functions especially for fluid intelligence and visual processing: data from the German brain tumor studies.,"The contribution of tumor type, multimodal treatment, and other patient-related factors upon long-term cognitive sequelae in infant brain tumor survivors remains undefined. We add our retrospective analysis of neuropsychological and quality of survival (QoS) outcome data of survivors of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (ATRT) and extracranial malignant rhabdoid tumors of the soft tissues (eMRT) and kidneys (RTK) treated within the same framework. Neuropsychological data from children with ATRT were compared to data from children with non-irradiated low-grade glioma (LGG)."
9355,brain tumour,38342925,From glioma gloom to immune bloom: unveiling novel immunotherapeutic paradigms-a review.,"In tumor therapeutics, the transition from conventional cytotoxic drugs to targeted molecular therapies, such as those targeting receptor tyrosine kinases, has been pivotal. Despite this progress, the clinical outcomes have remained modest, with glioblastoma patients' median survival stagnating at less than 15 months. This underscores the urgent need for more specialized treatment strategies. Our review delves into the progression toward immunomodulation in glioma treatment. We dissect critical discoveries in immunotherapy, such as spotlighting the instrumental role of tumor-associated macrophages, which account for approximately half of the immune cells in the glioma microenvironment, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The complex interplay between tumor cells and the immune microenvironment has been explored, revealing novel therapeutic targets. The uniqueness of our review is its exhaustive approach, synthesizing current research to elucidate the intricate roles of various molecules and receptors within the glioma microenvironment. This comprehensive synthesis not only maps the current landscape but also provides a blueprint for refining immunotherapy for glioma, signifying a paradigm shift toward leveraging immune mechanisms for improved patient prognosis."
9356,brain tumour,38342916,Cancer patterns in Iran: a gender-specific spatial modelling of cancer incidence during 2014-2017.,Cancer is a significant public health concern and the second leading cause of death. This study aims to visualize spatial patterns of top common cancer types and identify high-risk and low-risk counties for these cancers in Iran from 2014 to 2017.
9357,brain tumour,38342791,Patient-derived organoids in human cancer: a platform for fundamental research and precision medicine.,"Cancer is associated with a high degree of heterogeneity, encompassing both inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity, along with considerable variability in clinical response to common treatments across patients. Conventional models for tumor research, such as in vitro cell cultures and in vivo animal models, demonstrate significant limitations that fall short of satisfying the research requisites. Patient-derived tumor organoids, which recapitulate the structures, specific functions, molecular characteristics, genomics alterations and expression profiles of primary tumors. They have been efficaciously implemented in illness portrayal, mechanism exploration, high-throughput drug screening and assessment, discovery of innovative therapeutic targets and potential compounds, and customized treatment regimen for cancer patients. In contrast to conventional models, tumor organoids offer an intuitive, dependable, and efficient in vitro research model by conserving the phenotypic, genetic diversity, and mutational attributes of the originating tumor. Nevertheless, the organoid technology also confronts the bottlenecks and challenges, such as how to comprehensively reflect intra-tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment, tumor angiogenesis, reduce research costs, and establish standardized construction processes while retaining reliability. This review extensively examines the use of tumor organoid techniques in fundamental research and precision medicine. It emphasizes the importance of patient-derived tumor organoid biobanks for drug development, screening, safety evaluation, and personalized medicine. Additionally, it evaluates the application of organoid technology as an experimental tumor model to better understand the molecular mechanisms of tumor. The intent of this review is to explicate the significance of tumor organoids in cancer research and to present new avenues for the future of tumor research."
9358,brain tumour,38342659,A Panel-Based Mutational Signature of Mismatch Repair Deficiency is Associated With Durable Response to Pembrolizumab in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.,Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have limited efficacy in prostate cancer (PCa). Better biomarkers are needed to predict responses to ICIs. We sought to demonstrate that a panel-based mutational signature identifies mismatch repair (MMR) deficient (MMRd) PCa and is a biomarker of response to pembrolizumab.
9359,brain tumour,38342629,Radiotherapy-Induced Astrocyte Senescence Promotes an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Glioblastoma to Facilitate Tumor Regrowth.,"Accumulating evidence suggests that changes in the tumor microenvironment caused by radiotherapy are closely related to the recurrence of glioma. However, the mechanisms by which such radiation-induced changes are involved in tumor regrowth have not yet been fully investigated. In the present study, how cranial irradiation-induced senescence in non-neoplastic brain cells contributes to glioma progression is explored. It is observed that senescent brain cells facilitated tumor regrowth by enhancing the peripheral recruitment of myeloid inflammatory cells in glioblastoma. Further, it is identified that astrocytes are one of the most susceptible senescent populations and that they promoted chemokine secretion in glioma cells via the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. By using senolytic agents after radiotherapy to eliminate these senescent cells substantially prolonged survival time in preclinical models. The findings suggest the tumor-promoting role of senescent astrocytes in the irradiated glioma microenvironment and emphasize the translational relevance of senolytic agents for enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy in gliomas."
9360,brain tumour,38342476,Parenteral Hydration in Dying Patients With Cancer: A National Registry Study.,"Clinically assisted hydration during end-of-life care among patients with cancer is controversial; practice varies between clinical settings and countries, and there is a lack of evidence."
9361,brain tumour,38342325,"Dual-drug delivery by thermo-responsive Janus nanogel for improved cellular uptake, sustained release, and combination chemo-thermal therapy.","The goal of this work was to examine the heat-sensitizing effects of Janus-coated magnetic nanoparticles (JMNPs) as a vehicle for 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) and Quercetin (Qu) in C6 and OLN-93 cell lines. The cellular uptake of nanoparticles was evaluated using Prussian blue staining and ICP-OES after monolayer culturing of C6 (rat brain cancer cell) and OLN-93 (normal rat brain cell) cells. The cells were treated with free 5-Fu, Qu, and MJNPs loaded with Qu/5-Fu for 24 h, followed by magnetic hyperthermia under an alternating magnetic field (AMF) at a temperature of 43 °C. Using the MTT test and Flow cytometry, the C6 and OLN-93 cells were investigated after being subjected to hyperthermia with and without magnetic nanoparticles. The results of Prussian blue staining confirmed the potential of MJNPs as carriers that facilitate the uptake of drugs by cancer cells. The results showed that the combined application of Qu/5-Fu/MJNPs with hyperthermia significantly increased the amount of ROS production compared to interventions without MJNPs. The therapeutic results demonstrated that the combination of Qu/5-Fu/MJNPs with hyperthermia considerably enhanced the rate of apoptotic and necrotic cell death compared to that of interventions without MJNPs. Furthermore, MTT findings indicated that controlled exposure of Qu/5-Fu/MJNPs to AMF caused a synergistic effect. The advanced Janus magnetic nanoparticles in this study can be proposed as a promising dual drug carrier (Qu/5-Fu) and thermosensitizer platform for dual-modal synergistic cancer therapy."
9362,brain tumour,38342172,Clinical and Surgical Outcomes of Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Giant Pituitary Adenomas: Analysis of Predictive Factors.,"Giant pituitary adenomas (GPAs) are defined as tumors with ≥40 mm in any maximum diameter, and these tend to invade multiple intracranial compartments. Hence, treatment remains a surgical challenge."
9363,brain tumour,38342171,"Navigating Uncharted Waters: Comparative Analysis of Clinical Progression and Outcomes in Vestibular Schwannoma Patients with Papilledema and without Hydrocephalus, Versus Those without Papilledema and Hydrocephalus: A Comprehensive Institutional Insight.",Papilledema's association with hydrocephalus (HCP)-linked larger vestibular schwannoma (VS) is established but cases lacking concurrent HCP require further investigation.
9364,brain tumour,38342168,Fluorescence Assisted Stereotactic Biopsy of Contrast-Enhancing Brain Lesions: Can YELLOW 560-nm Filter Substitute Frozen Section?,The factors on which the accuracy of stereotactic brain biopsy depends are the competence of the neurosurgeon in obtaining a representative sample and the ability of the neuropathologist to make a histological diagnosis from a minuscule sample. Over the years intraoperative frozen section has enhanced the diagnostic yield of this minimally invasive procedure. Use of fluorescence in achieving a greater extent of resection is well-established in contemporary neurosurgical practice. This ability of brain tumors to take up the fluorescein sodium dye and glow under the YELLOW 560-nm filter has been utilized in a handful of studies to increase the diagnostic accuracy of stereotactic biopsy.
9365,brain tumour,38342165,Rarely Used Endoscopic Transnasal Transdiaphragmatic Technique in Patients with Suprasellar Extension: A Tertiary Center's Experience with Eleven Patient Cases.,"As surgical techniques become less invasive, the use of endoscopy in brain surgery supports this trend. Numerous endoscopic surgical approaches have been defined, especially for skull base diseases. The current study summarizes our experience of using the rarely reported endoscopic transnasal transdiaphragmatic approach through the existing hole in the diaphragma sella to access lesions extending into the suprasellar region."
9366,brain tumour,38342016,Neuroprotection of rhubarb extract against cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury via the gut-brain axis pathway.,"The gut-brain axis (GBA) plays a central role in cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Rhubarb, known for its purgative properties, has demonstrated protective effects against CIRI. However, it remains unclear whether this protective effect is achieved through the regulation of the GBA."
9367,brain tumour,38341954,Big data analytics for MerTK genomics reveals its double-edged sword functions in human diseases.,"MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MerTK) is a key receptor for the clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) and plays important roles in redox-related human diseases. We will explore MerTK biology in human cells, tissues, and diseases based on big data analytics."
9368,brain tumour,39495884,Masses in and Around the Spine,"The anatomical spaces in and around the spine encompass the paraspinal compartment, the vertebral compartment and the epidural compartment. Tumors in these compartments may easily spread via adipose corridors, direct contact or hematogenous pathways. Classifications such as the Weinstein-Boriani-Biagini, SINS, and ESCC or Bilsky score are used to grade these tumors. Imaging features of main tumoral and pseudotumoral masses are described and shown in this review. Detection of masses beyond the spine and even beyond the paraspinal space can be of utmost importance and examples are shown why radiologists should avoid tunnel view into the spinal canal."
9369,brain tumour,39495879,Differential Diagnosis of Intracranial Masses,"The differential diagnosis of cerebral mass lesions includes neoplastic, inflammatory, infective, and vascular lesions, as well as incidental developmental anomalies. A differential diagnostic approach should be based on the patient’s mode of presentations and prior clinical history, as well as on a systematic analysis of imaging patterns. This includes anatomical features, such as intra- vs. extra-axial, predominant gray matter or white matter involvement, supra-versus infratentorial, single vs. multiple, as well as signal characteristics on standard MR sequences, enhancement patterns, and findings on diffusion-weighted imaging, and hemorrhage-sensitive and perfusion sequences. Here we will discuss primary and secondary cerebral neoplasms in broad terms and illustrate the most important tumor mimics."
9370,brain tumour,39495871,Cerebral Neoplasms,"In the past, before 2016, brain tumors were classified into several types, and their respective grades based largely on histology. While this allowed for categorization of tumors, the grading did not always correlate with overall survival. At the same time, neuro-oncology research work demonstrated that tumoral molecular genetics allowed for a better correlation with overall survival. This led to the Revised 2016 WHO classification of brain tumors, which for the first time in neuro-pathology saw the incorporation of mutation profiles applied to classification of brain tumors. Continued development in the field of neuro-oncology meant better categorization of previously described tumors, and the description of newer tumors. This led to another update, the 2021 classification of brain tumors. This chapter provides an overview of these revised brain tumor classification systems, and discusses the imaging profiles of certain select yet important tumor types in detail."
9371,brain tumour,38341842,Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor B6 is highly expressed in non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors and its expression correlates with tumor size.,"Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (EPH) receptors are the largest known family of receptor tyrosine kinases characterized in humans. These proteins are involved in tissue organization, synaptic plasticity, vascular development and the progression of various diseases including cancer. The Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor tyrosine kinase member EphB6 is a pseudokinase which has not attracted an equivalent amount of interest as its enzymatically-active counterparts. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of EphB6 in pituitary tumors."
9372,brain tumour,38341676,"Morphometric and Ki-67 proliferative index-related characteristics of meningiomas and their correlation with demographic, clinical, histopathological, and postoperative features.","Aim To investigate the correlations between tumour characteristics, symptoms, intraoperative findings, and outcomes in patient with meningioma. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 86 surgically treated patients at Department of Neurosurgery of Cantonal Hospital Zenica from 2010 to 2020. Patients with intracranial meningiomas underwent neurological evaluation and MRI scans to analyse tumour characteristics, including volume (TV), peritumoral brain oedema (PTBE) and oedema index (EI). Surgical treatment was performed, followed by postoperative MRI and outcome assessment. Intraoperatively, the tumour's relationship with cortex, pial membrane, skull bones, and sinuses was evaluated, and the extent of tumour resection was graded. Meningioma samples underwent histopathological analysis to assess the grade and regularity of borders, and Ki-67 labelling index was determined using immunohistochemistry. Results Significant correlations were found between PTBE and Ki67 expression (p<0.001), PTBE and vomiting/nausea (p=0.002), cognitive impairment (p=0.047), venous compression (p=0.001), cortical, pial and dural invasion (p<0.05), and the postoperative presence of oedema (p=0.002). Venous compression, cortical, pial, dural and bone invasion positively correlated with Ki-67 expression (p<0.001). Grade and tumour border positively correlated with Ki-67 expression (p<0.001). Oedema persistence postoperatively showed a positive correlation with Ki-67 expression (p<0.001). Conclusion The study revealed significant correlations between Ki-67 expression and PTBE, with notable associations with clinical symptoms, tumour characteristics, and postoperative oedema presence."
9373,brain tumour,38341593,Non-mitotic proliferation of malignant cancer cells revealed through live-cell imaging of primary and cell-line cultures.,"Anti-mitosis has been a key strategy of anti-cancer therapies, targeting at a fundamental property of cancer cells, their non-controllable proliferation due to overactive mitotic divisions. For improved anti-cancer therapies, it is important to find out whether cancer cells can proliferate independent of mitosis and become resistant to anti-mitotic agents."
9374,brain tumour,38341584,"AAA237, an SKP2 inhibitor, suppresses glioblastoma by inducing BNIP3-dependent autophagy through the mTOR pathway.","Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common brain tumor with the worst prognosis. Temozolomide is the only first-line drug for GBM. Unfortunately, the resistance issue is a classic problem. Therefore, it is essential to develop new drugs to treat GBM. As an oncogene, Skp2 is involved in the pathogenesis of various cancers including GBM. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effect of AAA237 on human glioblastoma cells and its underlying mechanism."
9375,brain tumour,38341418,Hsa_circ_0021205 enhances lipolysis via regulating miR-195-5p/HSL axis and drives malignant progression of glioblastoma.,"Abnormal lipid metabolism is an essential hallmark of glioblastoma. Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), an important rate-limiting enzyme contributed to lipolysis, which was involved in aberrant lipolysis of glioblastoma, however, its definite roles and the relevant regulatory pathway have not been fully elucidated. Our investigations disclosed high expression of HSL in glioblastoma. Knock-down of HSL restrained proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioblastoma cells while adding to FAs could significantly rescue the inhibitory effect of si-HSL on tumor cells. Overexpression of HSL further promoted tumor cell proliferation and invasion. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed to predict and verify the regulatory role of ncRNAs on HSL. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0021205 regulated HSL expression by sponging miR-195-5p, which further promoted lipolysis and drove the malignant progression of glioblastoma. Besides, hsa_circ_0021205/miR-195-5p/HSL axis activated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathway. These findings suggested that hsa_circ_0021205 promoted tumorigenesis of glioblastoma through regulation of HSL, and targeting hsa_circ_0021205/miR-195-5p/HSL axis can serve as a promising new strategy against glioblastoma."
9376,brain tumour,38341408,Tetralol derivative NNC-55-0396 targets hypoxic cells in the glioblastoma microenvironment: an organ-on-chip approach.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumour characterised by limited treatment options and poor prognosis. The tumour microenvironment, particularly the central hypoxic region of the tumour, is known to play a pivotal role in GBM progression. Cells within this region adapt to hypoxia by stabilising transcription factor HIF1-α, which promotes cell proliferation, dedifferentiation and chemoresistance. In this study we sought to examine the effects of NNC-55-0396, a tetralol compound which overactivates the unfolded protein response inducing apoptosis, using the organ-on-chip technology. We identified an increased sensitivity of the hypoxic core of the chip to NNC, which correlates with decreasing levels of HIF1-α in vitro. Moreover, NNC blocks the macroautophagic process that is unleashed by hypoxia as revealed by increased levels of autophagosomal constituent LC3-II and autophagy chaperone p62/SQSTM1. The specific effects of NNC in the hypoxic microenvironment unveil additional anti-cancer abilities of this compound and further support investigations on its use in combined therapies against GBM."
9377,brain tumour,38341198,Immunoassay interferences: laboratory pitfall in the diagnosis of adrenocortical carcinoma.,"A woman in her late 50s with recent onset of hypertension, diabetes, lumbar pain and unintentional weight loss was diagnosed with a cortisol and androgen-producing adrenal mass. Despite this, serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentration was inappropriately elevated, which was investigated thoroughly. Investigations included a brain magnetic resonance imaging to exclude concomitant pituitary adenoma, a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test and a gallium-"
9378,brain tumour,38341169,"EphB3 receptor suppressor invasion, migration and proliferation in glioma by inhibiting EGFR-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.","Eph receptors are the largest subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases, and they have been shown to play a crucial role in glioma. The EphB3 receptor is a member of this family, and its effect on the invasion, migration and proliferation of glioma cells was examined in this study. It was found that the expression of EphB3 was decreased in glioma specimens with increasing tumor grade. Additionally, the U87MG and U251 cell lines showed low levels of EphB3 expression. This finding was consistent with the negative correlation between EphB3 expression in glioma tissues and tumor grade. Depletion of EphB3 gene in U87MG and U251 cell lines resulted in a substantial enhancement of their invasion, migration, and proliferation capacities in vitro. Furthermore, the knockdown of EphB3 led to an upregulation of EGFR, p-PI3K, and p-AKT protein levels. On the other hand, EphB3 overexpression reduced the invasiveness, proliferative capacity and migration rate of U87MG and U251 cells, and downregulated EGFR, p-PI3K and p-AKT. These findings indicate that EphB3 functions as a tumor suppressor in glioma, and its downregulation enhances the malignant potential of glioma cells by activating the EGFR-PI3K/AKT pathway. Thus, EphB3 is a promising diagnostic marker for glioma, and the EphB3-EGFR-PI3K / AKT axis deserves further investigation as a potential therapeutic target."
9379,brain tumour,38341098,Multi-domain neurocognitive impairment following definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer: A cross-sectional study.,"Neurocognitive impairment from inadvertent brain irradiation is common following intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern, and radiation dose-toxicity relationship of this late complication."
9380,brain tumour,38341010,FT-Raman spectra in combination with machine learning and multivariate analyses as a diagnostic tool in brain tumors.,"Brain tumors are one of the most dangerous, because the position of these are in the organ that governs all life processes. Moreover, a lot of brain tumor types were observed, but only one main diagnostic method was used - histopathology, for which preparation of sample was long. Consequently, a new, quicker diagnostic method is needed. In this paper, FT-Raman spectra of brain tissues were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), four different machine learning (ML) algorithms to show possibility of differentiating between glioblastoma G4 and meningiomas, as well as two different types of meningiomas (atypical and angiomatous). Obtained results showed that in meningiomas additional peak around 1503 cm"
9381,brain tumour,38340795,Simultaneous Single-Trajectory Endoscopic Biopsy and Third Ventriculostomy in Pineal Region Tumors: A Systematic Review and Single Arm Meta-Analysis.,To assess the efficacy and surgical outcomes of the simultaneous single-trajectory endoscopic biopsy and third ventriculostomy (ETV) in pineal region tumors.
9382,brain tumour,38340694,Segmenting brain glioblastoma using dense-attentive 3D DAF,"Precise delineation of brain glioblastoma or tumor through segmentation is pivotal in the diagnosis, formulating treatment strategies, and evaluating therapeutic progress in patients. Precisely identifying brain glioblastoma within multimodal MRI scans poses a significant challenge in the field of medical image analysis as different intensity profiles are observed across the sub-regions, reflecting diverse tumor biological properties. For segmenting glioblastoma areas, convolutional neural networks have displayed astounding performance in recent years. This paper introduces an innovative methodology for brain glioblastoma segmentation by combining the Dense-Attention 3D U-Net network with a fusion strategy and the focal tversky loss function. By fusing information from multiple resolution segmentation maps, our model enhances its ability to discern intricate tumor boundaries. Incorporating the focal tversky loss function, we effectively emphasize critical regions and mitigate class imbalance. Recursive Convolution Block 2 is proposed after fusion to ensure efficient utilization of all accessible features while maintaining rapid convergence. The network's effectiveness is assessed using diverse datasets BraTS 2020 and BraTS 2021. Results show comparable dice similarity coefficient compared to other methods with increased efficiency and segmentation performance. Additionally, the architecture achieved an average dice similarity coefficient of 82.4% and an average hausdorff distance (HD95) of 10.426, which demonstrated consistent performance improvement compared to baseline models like U-Net, Attention U-Net, V-Net and Res U-Net and indicating the effectiveness of proposed architecture."
9383,brain tumour,38340693,Implementation and evaluation of a dynamic contrast-enhanced MR perfusion protocol for glioblastoma using a 0.35 T MRI-Linac system.,"MRI-linear accelerator (MRI-Linac) systems allow for daily tracking of MRI changes during radiotherapy (RT). Since one common MRI-Linac operates at 0.35 T, there are efforts towards developing protocols at that field strength. In this study we demonstrate the implementation of a post-contrast 3DT1-weighted (3D-T1w) and dynamic contrast-enhancement (DCE) protocol to assess glioblastoma response to RT using a 0.35 T MRI-Linac."
9384,brain tumour,38340685,Local hero: A phase II study of local therapy only (stereotactic radiosurgery and / or surgery) for treatment of up to five brain metastases from HER2+ breast cancer. (TROG study 16.02).,"Introduction, A decade ago, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) without whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) was emerging as preferred treatment for oligometastatic brain metastases. Studies of cavity SRS after neurosurgery were underway. Data specific to metastatic HER2 breast cancer (MHBC), describing intracranial, systemic and survival outcomes without WBRT, were lacking. A Phase II study was designed to address this gap. Method, Adults with MHBC, performance status 0-2, ≤ five BrM, receiving/planned to receive HER2-targeted therapy were eligible. Exclusions included leptomeningeal disease and prior WBRT. Neurosurgery allowed ≤6 weeks before registration and required for BrM >4 cm. Primary endpoint was 12-month requirement for WBRT. Secondary endpoints; freedom from (FF-) local failure (LF), distant brain failure (DBF), extracranial disease failure (ECDF), overall survival (OS), cause of death, mini-mental state examination (MMSE), adverse events (AE). Results, Twenty-five patients accrued Decembers 2016-2020. The study closed early after slow accrual. Thirty-seven BrM and four cavities received SRS. Four cavities and five BrM were observed. At 12 months: one patient required WBRT (FF-WBRT 95 %, 95 % CI 72-99), FFLF 91 % (95 % CI 69-98), FFDBF 57 % (95 % CI 34-74), FFECDF 64 % (95 % CI 45-84), OS 96 % (95 % CI 74-99). Two grade 3 AE occurred. MMSE was abnormal for 3/24 patients at baseline and 1/17 at 12 months. Conclusion, At 12 months, SRS and/or neurosurgery provided good control with low toxicity. WBRT was not required in 95 % of cases. This small study supports the practice change from WBRT to local therapies for MHBC BrM."
9385,brain tumour,38340682,Prognostic value of circulating short-length DNA fragments in unresected glioblastoma patients.,Liquid biopsy application is still challenging in glioblastoma patients and the usefulness of short-length DNA (slDNA) fragments is not established. The aim was to investigate slDNA concentration as a prognostic marker in unresected glioblastoma patients.
9386,brain tumour,38340499,"Thrombospondin 4, a mediator and candidate indicator of pain.","Pain is the most common symptom for which patients seek medical attention. Existing treatments for pain control are largely ineffective due to the lack of an accurate way to objectively measure pain intensity and a poor understanding of the etiology of pain. Thrombospondin 4(TSP4), a member of the thrombospondin gene family, is expressed in neurons and astrocytes and induces pain by interacting with the calcium channel alpha-2-delta-1 subunit (Cavα2δ1). In the present study we show that TSP4 expression level correlates positively with pain intensity, suggesting that TSP4 could be a novel candidate of pain indicator. Using RNAi-lentivirus (RNAi-LV) to knock down TSP4 both in vivo and in vitro, together with electrophysiological experiments involving paired patch-clamp recordings of evoked action potentials and post-synaptic currents in cultured neurons, we found that TSP4 contributes to the development of bone cancer pain, neuropathic pain, and inflammatory pain. This effect is mediated by regulation of neuron excitability via inhibition of synapsin I (Syn I) and modulation of excitatory and inhibitory presynaptic transmission via regulation of vesicular glutamate transporter 2(Vglut2), vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT), and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) expression. The present study provides a replicable, predictive, valid indicator of pain and demonstrated the underlying molecular and electrophysiological mechanisms by which TSP4 contributes to pain."
9387,brain tumour,38340437,ETUNet:Exploring efficient transformer enhanced UNet for 3D brain tumor segmentation.,"Medical image segmentation is a crucial topic in medical image processing. Accurately segmenting brain tumor regions from multimodal MRI scans is essential for clinical diagnosis and survival prediction. However, similar intensity distributions, variable tumor shapes, and fuzzy boundaries pose severe challenges for brain tumor segmentation. Traditional segmentation networks based on UNet struggle to establish explicit long-range dependencies from the feature space due to the limitations of the CNN receptive field. This is particularly crucial for dense prediction tasks such as brain tumor segmentation. Recent works have incorporated the powerful global modeling capability of Transformer into UNet to achieve more precise segmentation results. Nevertheless, these methods encounter some issues: (1) the global information is often modeled by simply stacking Transformer layers for a specific module, resulting in high computational complexity and underutilization of the potential of the UNet architecture; (2) the rich boundary information of tumor subregions in multi-scale features is often overlooked. Motivated by these challenges, we propose an advanced fusion of Transformer with UNet by reexamining the core three parts (encoder, bottleneck, and skip connections). Firstly, we introduce a CNN-Transformer module in the encoder to replace the traditional CNN module, enabling the capture of deep spatial dependencies from input images. To address high-level semantic information, we incorporate a computationally efficient spatial-channel attention layer in the bottleneck for global interaction, highlighting important semantic features from the encoder path output. For irregular lesions, we fuse the multi-scale features from the encoder output and the decoder features in the skip connections by calculating cross-attention. This adaptive querying of valuable information from multi-scale features enhances the boundary localization ability of the decoder path and suppresses redundant features with low correlation. Compared to existing methods, our model further enhances the learning capacity of the overall UNet architecture while maintaining low computational complexity. Experimental results on the BraTS2018 and BraTS2020 datasets for brain tumor segmentation tasks demonstrate that our model achieves comparable or superior results compared to recent CNN or Transformer-based models. The average DSC and HD95 on the two datasets are 0.854, 6.688, and 0.862, 5.455 respectively. At the same time, our model achieves optimal segmentation of Enhancing tumors, showcasing the effectiveness of our method. Our code will be made publicly available at https://github.com/wzhangck/ETUnet."
9388,brain tumour,38340329,Effects of the Cortisol Milieu on Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Corticotroph Tumors.,"Corticotrophs are susceptible to lymphocyte cytotoxicity, as seen in hypophysitis, suggesting that an immunological approach may be a potential strategy for corticotroph-derived tumors."
9389,brain tumour,38340295,Incidence and imaging characteristics of difficult to detect retrospectively identified brain metastases in patients receiving repeat courses of stereotactic radiosurgery.,"During stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) planning for brain metastases (BM), brain MRIs are reviewed to select appropriate targets based on radiographic characteristics. Some BM are difficult to detect and/or definitively identify and may go untreated initially, only to become apparent on future imaging. We hypothesized that in patients receiving multiple courses of SRS, reviewing the initial planning MRI would reveal early evidence of lesions that developed into metastases requiring SRS."
9390,brain tumour,38340193,Reply: pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation: in need of a stringent definition to avoid confusion.,No abstract found
9391,brain tumour,38340187,"Pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation: in need of a stringent definition to avoid confusion. Scientific commentary on 'Genetical and epigenetical profiling identifies two subgroups of pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation (PPTID) with distinct molecular, histological and clinical characteristics'.",No abstract found
9392,brain tumour,38340183,Far lateral approach for dumbbell-shaped C1 schwannomas: how I do it.,"Dumbbell-shaped C1 schwannomas are rare lesions that involve both intra- and extradural compartments. Because of the intimate relationships these lesions develop with the third and fourth segments of the vertebral artery, surgical removal of these lesions remains a challenge."
9393,brain tumour,38340147,Effect of continuous hypertonic saline infusion on clinical outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury.,"Osmotic therapy has been recognized as an important treatment option for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Nevertheless, the effect of hypertonic saline (HTS) remains unknown, as findings are primarily based on a large database. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of HTS on the clinical outcomes of patients with TBI admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). We retrospectively identified patients with moderate-to-severe TBI from two public databases: Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV and eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD). A marginal structural Cox model (MSCM) was used, with time-dependent variates designed to reflect exposure over time during ICU stay. Trajectory modeling based on the intracranial pressure evolution pattern allowed for the identification of subgroups. Overall, 130 (6.65%) of 1955 eligible patients underwent HTS. MSCM indicated that the HTS significantly associated with higher infection complications (e.g., urinary tract infection (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.26-2.81, p = 0.002)) and increased ICU LOS (HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.71-2.40, p < 0.001). A protective effect of HTS on GCS was found in subgroups with medium and low intracranial pressure. Our study revealed no significant difference in mortality between patients who underwent HTS and those who did not. Increased occurrence rates of infection and electrolyte imbalance are inevitable outcomes of continuous HTS infusion. Although the study suggests slight beneficial effects, including better neurological outcomes, these results warrant further validation."
9394,brain tumour,38339907,Fibre orientation atlas guided rapid segmentation of white matter tracts.,"Fibre tract delineation from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valuable clinical tool for neurosurgical planning and navigation, as well as in research neuroimaging pipelines. Several popular methods are used for this task, each with different strengths and weaknesses making them more or less suited to different contexts. For neurosurgical imaging, priorities include ease of use, computational efficiency, robustness to pathology and ability to generalise to new tracts of interest. Many existing methods use streamline tractography, which may require expert neuroimaging operators for setting parameters and delineating anatomical regions of interest, or suffer from as a lack of generalisability to clinical scans involving deforming tumours and other pathologies. More recently, data-driven approaches including deep-learning segmentation models and streamline clustering methods have improved reproducibility and automation, although they can require large amounts of training data and/or computationally intensive image processing at the point of application. We describe an atlas-based direct tract mapping technique called 'tractfinder', utilising tract-specific location and orientation priors. Our aim was to develop a clinically practical method avoiding streamline tractography at the point of application while utilising prior anatomical knowledge derived from only 10-20 training samples. Requiring few training samples allows emphasis to be placed on producing high quality, neuro-anatomically accurate training data, and enables rapid adaptation to new tracts of interest. Avoiding streamline tractography at the point of application reduces computational time, false positives and vulnerabilities to pathology such as tumour deformations or oedema. Carefully filtered training streamlines and track orientation distribution mapping are used to construct tract specific orientation and spatial probability atlases in standard space. Atlases are then transformed to target subject space using affine registration and compared with the subject's voxel-wise fibre orientation distribution data using a mathematical measure of distribution overlap, resulting in a map of the tract's likely spatial distribution. This work includes extensive performance evaluation and comparison with benchmark techniques, including streamline tractography and the deep-learning method TractSeg, in two publicly available healthy diffusion MRI datasets (from TractoInferno and the Human Connectome Project) in addition to a clinical dataset comprising paediatric and adult brain tumour scans. Tract segmentation results display high agreement with established techniques while requiring less than 3 min on average when applied to a new subject. Results also display higher robustness than compared methods when faced with clinical scans featuring brain tumours and resections. As well as describing and evaluating a novel proposed tract delineation technique, this work continues the discussion on the challenges surrounding the white matter segmentation task, including issues of anatomical definitions and the use of quantitative segmentation comparison metrics."
9395,brain tumour,38339843,The greatest challenge for pediatric low-grade glioma.,No abstract found
9396,brain tumour,38339770,Copper Deposition in Polydopamine Nanostructure to Promote Cuproptosis by Catalytically Inhibiting Copper Exporters of Tumor Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy.,"Cuproptosis is an emerging programmed cell death, displaying great potential in cancer treatment. However, intracellular copper content to induce cuproptosis is unmet, which mainly ascribes to the intracellular pumping out equilibrium mechanism by copper exporter ATP7A and ATP7B. Therefore, it is necessary to break such export balance mechanisms for desired cuproptosis. Mediated by diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) coordination, herein a strategy to efficiently assemble copper ions into polydopamine nanostructure (PDA-DTC/Cu) for reprogramming copper metabolism of tumor is developed. The deposited Cu"
9397,brain tumour,38339428,Macrophages Promote Subtype Conversion and Endocrine Resistance in Breast Cancer.,"The progression of tumors from less aggressive subtypes to more aggressive states during metastasis poses challenges for treatment strategies. Previous studies have revealed the molecular subtype conversion between primary and metastatic tumors in breast cancer (BC). However, the subtype conversion during lymph node metastasis (LNM) and the underlying mechanism remains unclear."
9398,brain tumour,38339420,An Accelerated Failure Time Model to Predict Cause-Specific Survival and Prognostic Factors of Lung and Bronchus Cancer Patients with at Least Bone or Brain Metastases: Development and Internal Validation Using a SEER-Based Study.,"This study addresses the significant challenge of low survival rates in patients with cause-specific lung cancer accompanied by bone or brain metastases. Recognizing the critical need for an effective predictive model, the research aims to establish survival prediction models using both parametric and non-parametric approaches."
9399,brain tumour,38339384,Identification of Hypoxia Prognostic Signature in Glioblastoma Multiforme Based on Bulk and Single-Cell RNA-Seq.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) represents a profoundly aggressive and heterogeneous brain neoplasm linked to a bleak prognosis. Hypoxia, a common feature in GBM, has been linked to tumor progression and therapy resistance. In this study, we aimed to identify hypoxia-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and construct a prognostic signature for GBM patients using multi-omics analysis. Patient cohorts were collected from publicly available databases, including the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and The Cancer Genome Atlas-Glioblastoma Multiforme (TCGA-GBM), to facilitate a comprehensive analysis. Hypoxia-related genes (HRGs) were obtained from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). Differential expression analysis revealed 41 hypoxia-related DEGs in GBM patients. A consensus clustering approach, utilizing these DEGs' expression patterns, identified four distinct clusters, with cluster 1 showing significantly better overall survival. Machine learning techniques, including univariate Cox regression and LASSO regression, delineated a prognostic signature comprising six genes (ANXA1, CALD1, CP, IGFBP2, IGFBP5, and LOX). Multivariate Cox regression analysis substantiated the prognostic significance of a set of three optimal signature genes (CP, IGFBP2, and LOX). Using the hypoxia-related prognostic signature, patients were classified into high- and low-risk categories. Survival analysis demonstrated that the high-risk group exhibited inferior overall survival rates in comparison to the low-risk group. The prognostic signature showed good predictive performance, as indicated by the area under the curve (AUC) values for one-, three-, and five-year overall survival. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis of the DEGs identified biological processes and pathways associated with hypoxia, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms of GBM. Delving into the tumor immune microenvironment, our analysis revealed correlations relating the hypoxia-related prognostic signature to the infiltration of immune cells in GBM. Overall, our study highlights the potential of a hypoxia-related prognostic signature as a valuable resource for forecasting the survival outcome of GBM patients. The multi-omics approach integrating bulk sequencing, single-cell analysis, and immune microenvironment assessment enhances our understanding of the intricate biology characterizing GBM, thereby potentially informing the tailored design of therapeutic interventions."
9400,brain tumour,38339361,"Prognostic Factors and Nomogram for Choroid Plexus Tumors: A Population-Based Retrospective Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database Analysis.",
9401,brain tumour,38339353,T Cell Features in Glioblastoma May Guide Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Microenvironment Immunosuppression.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor, bearing a survival estimate below 10% at five years, despite standard chemoradiation treatment. At recurrence, systemic treatment options are limited and the standard of care is not well defined, with inclusion in clinical trials being highly encouraged. So far, the use of immunotherapeutic strategies in GBM has not proved to significantly improve patients' prognosis in the treatment of newly diagnosed GBM, nor in the recurrent setting. Probably this has to do with the unique immune environment of the central nervous system, which harbors several immunosuppressive/pro-tumorigenic factors, both soluble (e.g., TGF-β, IL-10, STAT3, prostaglandin E2, and VEGF) and cellular (e.g., Tregs, M2 phenotype TAMs, and MDSC). Here we review the immune composition of the GBMs microenvironment, specifically focusing on the phenotype and function of the T cell compartment. Moreover, we give hints on the therapeutic strategies, such as immune checkpoint blockade, vaccinations, and adoptive cell therapy, that, interacting with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, might both target in different ways the tumor microenvironment and potentiate the activity of standard therapies. The path to be followed in advancing clinical research on immunotherapy for GBM treatment relies on a twofold strategy: testing combinatorial treatments, aiming to restore active immune anti-tumor responses, tackling immunosuppression, and additionally, designing more phase 0 and window opportunity trials with solid translational analyses to gain deeper insight into the on-treatment shaping of the GBM microenvironment."
9402,brain tumour,38339344,The Effect of Non-Overlapping Somatic Mutations in ,Previous studies suggested that somatic 
9403,brain tumour,38339315,Phase I/II Trial of Urokinase Plasminogen Activator-Targeted Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus for Canine Intracranial Tumors.,"Neurotropic oncolytic viruses are appealing agents to treat brain tumors as they penetrate the blood-brain barrier and induce preferential cytolysis of neoplastic cells. The pathobiological similarities between human and canine brain tumors make immunocompetent dogs with naturally occurring tumors attractive models for the study of oncolytic virotherapies. In this dose-escalation/expansion study, an engineered Lasota NDV strain targeting the urokinase plasminogen activator system (rLAS-uPA) was administered by repetitive intravenous infusions to 20 dogs with intracranial tumors with the objectives of characterizing toxicities, immunologic responses, and neuroradiological anti-tumor effects of the virus for up to 6 months following treatment. Dose-limiting toxicities manifested as fever, hematologic, and neurological adverse events, and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of rLAS-uPA was 2 × 10"
9404,brain tumour,38339175,"ADAMTS Gene-Derived circRNA Molecules in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Expression Profiling, Clinical Correlations and Survival Analysis.",The present study examines the relationship between circular RNA (circRNA) derived from three genes of the family a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs): 
9405,brain tumour,38339126,Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Receptor 1 Mediates Borna Disease Virus 1-Induced Changes in Peroxisomal and Mitochondrial Dynamics in Neurons.,"Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV1) causes a persistent infection in the mammalian brain. Peroxisomes and mitochondria play essential roles in the cellular antiviral immune response, but the effect of BoDV1 infection on peroxisomal and mitochondrial dynamics and their respective antioxidant capacities is still not clear. Using different mouse lines-i.e., tumor necrosis factor-α transgenic (TNFTg; to pro-inflammatory status), TNF receptor-1 knockout (TNFR1ko), and TNFR2ko mice in comparison to wild-type (Wt) mice-we analyzed the abundances of both organelles and their main antioxidant enzymes, catalase and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), in neurons of the hippocampal, cerebral, and cerebellar cortices. In TNFTg mice, a strong increase in mitochondrial (6.9-fold) and SOD2 (12.1-fold) abundances was detected; meanwhile, peroxisomal abundance increased slightly (1.5-fold), but that of catalase decreased (2.9-fold). After BoDV1 infection, a strong decrease in mitochondrial (2.1-6.5-fold), SOD2 (2.7-9.1-fold), and catalase (2.7-10.3-fold) abundances, but a slight increase in peroxisomes (1.3-1.6-fold), were detected in Wt and TNFR2ko mice, whereas no changes occurred in TNFR1ko mice. Our data suggest that the TNF system plays a crucial role in the biogenesis of both subcellular organelles. Moreover, TNFR1 signaling mediated the changes in peroxisomal and mitochondrial dynamics after BoDV1 infection, highlighting new mechanisms by which BoDV1 may achieve immune evasion and viral persistence."
9406,brain tumour,38339101,Chronic Treatment with ,
9407,brain tumour,38338871,Performance Measures and Plasma Biomarker Levels in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis after 14 Days of Fampridine Treatment: An Explorative Study.,"Peripheral cytokine levels may serve as biomarkers for treatment response and disease monitoring in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). The objectives were to assess changes in plasma biomarkers in PwMS after 14 days of fampridine treatment and to explore correlations between changes in performance measures and plasma biomarkers. We included 27 PwMS, 14 women and 13 men, aged 52.0 ± 11.6 years, with a disease duration of 17 ± 8.5 years, and an Expanded Disability Status Scale of 6 [IQR 5.0/6.5]. Gait and hand function were assessed using performance tests completed prior to fampridine and after 14 days of treatment. Venous blood was obtained, and chemiluminescence analysis conducted to assess plasma cytokines and neurodegenerative markers. All performance measures demonstrated improvements. Biomarkers showed decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-2 levels. Associations were found between change scores in (i) Six Spot Step Test and Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-8, and IL-17 levels; (ii) timed 25-foot walk and interferon-γ, IL-2, IL-8, TNF-α, and neurofilament light levels, and (iii) 12-Item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale and IL-17 levels. The associations may reflect increased MS-related inflammatory activity rather than a fampridine-induced response or that a higher level of inflammation induces a better response to fampridine."
9408,brain tumour,38338768,Unraveling the Role of Ras Homolog Enriched in Brain (Rheb1 and Rheb2): Bridging Neuronal Dynamics and Cancer Pathogenesis through Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Signaling.,"Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb1 and Rheb2), small GTPases, play a crucial role in regulating neuronal activity and have gained attention for their implications in cancer development, particularly in breast cancer. This study delves into the intricate connection between the multifaceted functions of Rheb1 in neurons and cancer, with a specific focus on the mTOR pathway. It aims to elucidate Rheb1's involvement in pivotal cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis resistance, migration, invasion, metastasis, and inflammatory responses while acknowledging that Rheb2 has not been extensively studied. Despite the recognized associations, a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between Rheb1 and Rheb2 and their roles in both nerve and cancer remains elusive. This review consolidates current knowledge regarding the impact of Rheb1 on cancer hallmarks and explores the potential of Rheb1 as a therapeutic target in cancer treatment. It emphasizes the necessity for a deeper comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying Rheb1-mediated oncogenic processes, underscoring the existing gaps in our understanding. Additionally, the review highlights the exploration of Rheb1 inhibitors as a promising avenue for cancer therapy. By shedding light on the complicated roles between Rheb1/Rheb2 and cancer, this study provides valuable insights to the scientific community. These insights are instrumental in guiding the identification of novel targets and advancing the development of effective therapeutic strategies for treating cancer."
9409,brain tumour,38338677,Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) for Glioblastoma Treatment.,"In the last decade, many small molecules, usually characterized by heterocyclic scaffolds, have been designed and synthesized as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Among them, several compounds have been tested at preclinical and clinical levels to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM is the most common and aggressive type of cancer originating in the brain and has an unfavorable prognosis, with a median survival of 15-16 months and a 5-year survival rate of 5%. Despite recent advances in treating GBM, it represents an incurable disease associated with treatment resistance and high recurrence rates. For these reasons, there is an urgent need for the development of new pharmacological agents to fight this malignancy. In this review, we reported the compounds published in the last five years, which showed promising activity in GBM preclinical models acting as TKIs. We grouped the compounds based on the targeted kinase: first, we reported receptor TKIs and then, cytoplasmic and peculiar kinase inhibitors. For each small molecule, we included the chemical structure, and we schematized the interaction with the target for some representative compounds with the aim of elucidating the mechanism of action. Finally, we cited the most relevant clinical trials."
9410,brain tumour,38338649,Targeting the Endocannabinoid System Present in the Glioblastoma Tumour Microenvironment as a Potential Anti-Cancer Strategy.,"The highly aggressive and invasive glioblastoma (GBM) tumour is the most malignant lesion among adult-type diffuse gliomas, representing the most common primary brain tumour in the neuro-oncology practice of adults. With a poor overall prognosis and strong resistance to treatment, this nervous system tumour requires new innovative treatment. GBM is a polymorphic tumour consisting of an array of stromal cells and various malignant cells contributing to tumour initiation, progression, and treatment response. Cannabinoids possess anti-cancer potencies against glioma cell lines and in animal models. To improve existing treatment, cannabinoids as functionalised ligands on nanocarriers were investigated as potential anti-cancer agents. The GBM tumour microenvironment is a multifaceted system consisting of resident or recruited immune cells, extracellular matrix components, tissue-resident cells, and soluble factors. The immune microenvironment accounts for a substantial volume of GBM tumours. The barriers to the treatment of glioblastoma with cannabinoids, such as crossing the blood-brain barrier and psychoactive and off-target side effects, can be alleviated with the use of nanocarrier drug delivery systems and functionalised ligands for improved specificity and targeting of pharmacological receptors and anti-cancer signalling pathways. This review has shown the presence of endocannabinoid receptors in the tumour microenvironment, which can be used as a potential unique target for specific drug delivery. Existing cannabinoid agents, studied previously, show anti-cancer potencies via signalling pathways associated with the hallmarks of cancer. The results of the review can be used to provide guidance in the design of future drug therapy for glioblastoma tumours."
9411,brain tumour,38337823,Neural and Onconeural Autoantibodies and Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Markers in Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy for High-Grade Primary Brain Tumour.,Radiotherapy (RT) plays a key role in brain tumours but can negatively impact functional outcomes and quality of life. The aim of this study was to analyse anti-neural and onconeural autoantibodies and markers of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in patients with primary brain cancer undergoing RT.
9412,brain tumour,38337735,,"Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a persistent inflammatory skin condition resulting from an intricate interplay among genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. "
9413,brain tumour,38337543,The Prognostic Role of Volumetric MRI Evaluation in the Surgical Treatment of Glioblastoma.,
9414,brain tumour,38337036,Divergent transcriptomic signatures from putative mesenchymal stimuli in glioblastoma cells.,"In glioblastoma, a mesenchymal phenotype is associated with especially poor patient outcomes. Various glioblastoma microenvironmental factors and therapeutic interventions are purported drivers of the mesenchymal transition, but the degree to which these cues promote the same mesenchymal transitions and the uniformity of those transitions, as defined by molecular subtyping systems, is unknown. Here, we investigate this question by analyzing publicly available patient data, surveying commonly measured transcripts for mesenchymal transitions in glioma-initiating cells (GIC), and performing next-generation RNA sequencing of GICs. Analysis of patient tumor data reveals that TGFβ, TNFα, and hypoxia signaling correlate with the mesenchymal subtype more than the proneural subtype. In cultured GICs, the microenvironment-relevant growth factors TGFβ and TNFα and the chemotherapeutic temozolomide promote expression of commonly measured mesenchymal transcripts. However, next-generation RNA sequencing reveals that growth factors and temozolomide broadly promote expression of both mesenchymal and proneural transcripts, in some cases with equal frequency. These results suggest that glioblastoma mesenchymal transitions do not occur as distinctly as in epithelial-derived cancers, at least as determined using common subtyping ontologies and measuring response to growth factors or chemotherapeutics. Further understanding of these issues may identify improved methods for pharmacologically targeting the mesenchymal phenotype in glioblastoma."
9415,brain tumour,38336898,"Consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of pituitary adenomas in childhood and adolescence: Part 2, specific diseases.","Pituitary adenomas are rare in children and young people under the age of 19 (hereafter referred to as CYP) but they pose some different diagnostic and management challenges in this age group than in adults. These rare neoplasms can disrupt maturational, visual, intellectual and developmental processes and, in CYP, they tend to have more occult presentation, aggressive behaviour and are more likely to have a genetic basis than in adults. Through standardized AGREE II methodology, literature review and Delphi consensus, a multidisciplinary expert group developed 74 pragmatic management recommendations aimed at optimizing care for CYP in the first-ever comprehensive consensus guideline to cover the care of CYP with pituitary adenoma. Part 2 of this consensus guideline details 57 recommendations for paediatric patients with prolactinomas, Cushing disease, growth hormone excess causing gigantism and acromegaly, clinically non-functioning adenomas, and the rare TSHomas. Compared with adult patients with pituitary adenomas, we highlight that, in the CYP group, there is a greater proportion of functioning tumours, including macroprolactinomas, greater likelihood of underlying genetic disease, more corticotrophinomas in boys aged under 10 years than in girls and difficulty of peri-pubertal diagnosis of growth hormone excess. Collaboration with pituitary specialists caring for adult patients, as part of commissioned and centralized multidisciplinary teams, is key for optimizing management, transition and lifelong care and facilitates the collection of health-related quality of survival outcomes of novel medical, surgical and radiotherapeutic treatments, which are currently largely missing."
9416,brain tumour,38336897,"Consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of pituitary adenomas in childhood and adolescence: Part 1, general recommendations.","Tumours of the anterior part of the pituitary gland represent just 1% of all childhood (aged <15 years) intracranial neoplasms, yet they can confer high morbidity and little evidence and guidance is in place for their management. Between 2014 and 2022, a multidisciplinary expert group systematically developed the first comprehensive clinical practice consensus guideline for children and young people under the age 19 years (hereafter referred to as CYP) presenting with a suspected pituitary adenoma to inform specialist care and improve health outcomes. Through robust literature searches and a Delphi consensus exercise with an international Delphi consensus panel of experts, the available scientific evidence and expert opinions were consolidated into 74 recommendations. Part 1 of this consensus guideline includes 17 pragmatic management recommendations related to clinical care, neuroimaging, visual assessment, histopathology, genetics, pituitary surgery and radiotherapy. While in many aspects the care for CYP is similar to that of adults, key differences exist, particularly in aetiology and presentation. CYP with suspected pituitary adenomas require careful clinical examination, appropriate hormonal work-up, dedicated pituitary imaging and visual assessment. Consideration should be given to the potential for syndromic disease and genetic assessment. Multidisciplinary discussion at both the local and national levels can be key for management. Surgery should be performed in specialist centres. The collection of outcome data on novel modalities of medical treatment, surgical intervention and radiotherapy is essential for optimal future treatment."
9417,brain tumour,38336882,Pregnancy-induced prolactinoma enlargement.,No abstract found
9418,brain tumour,38336728,Inflammatory biomarkers for neurobehavioral dysregulation in former American football players: findings from the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project.,"Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) is defined as the clinical manifestation of the neuropathological entity chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). A core feature of TES is neurobehavioral dysregulation (NBD), a neuropsychiatric syndrome in repetitive head impact (RHI)-exposed individuals, characterized by a poor regulation of emotions/behavior. To discover biological correlates for NBD, we investigated the association between biomarkers of inflammation (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and NBD symptoms in former American football players and unexposed individuals."
9419,brain tumour,38336701,Case report of penile squamous cell carcinoma continuous treatment with BRCA2 mutation.,"Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. BRCA1/2 mutations are associated with impaired DNA double-strand break repair and are among the common mutations in penile cancer, potentially paving the way for poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitor therapy."
9420,brain tumour,38336654,Comparison of partitioned survival modeling with state transition modeling approaches with or without consideration of brain metastasis: a case study of Osimertinib versus pemetrexed-platinum.,"The partitioned survival model (PSM) and the state transition model (STM) are widely used in cost-effectiveness analyses of anticancer drugs. Using different modeling approaches with or without consideration of brain metastasis, we compared the quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) estimates of Osimertinib and pemetrexed-platinum in advanced non-small cell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor mutations."
9421,brain tumour,38336645,The role of Aquaporins in tumorigenesis: implications for therapeutic development.,"Aquaporins (AQPs) are ubiquitous channel proteins that play a critical role in the homeostasis of the cellular environment by allowing the transit of water, chemicals, and ions. They can be found in many different types of cells and organs, including the lungs, eyes, brain, glands, and blood vessels. By controlling the osmotic water flux in processes like cell growth, energy metabolism, migration, adhesion, and proliferation, AQPs are capable of exerting their regulatory influence over a wide range of cellular processes. Tumour cells of varying sources express AQPs significantly, especially in malignant tumours with a high propensity for metastasis. New insights into the roles of AQPs in cell migration and proliferation reinforce the notion that AQPs are crucial players in tumour biology. AQPs have recently been shown to be a powerful tool in the fight against pathogenic antibodies and metastatic cell migration, despite the fact that the molecular processes of aquaporins in pathology are not entirely established. In this review, we shall discuss the several ways in which AQPs are expressed in the body, the unique roles they play in tumorigenesis, and the novel therapeutic approaches that could be adopted to treat carcinoma."
9422,brain tumour,38336555,Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy With Ipilimumab Plus Nivolumab in Mismatch Repair Deficient/Microsatellite Instability-High Colorectal Cancer: A Preliminary Report of Case Series.,"Although ipilimumab plus nivolumab have significantly improved the survival of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) with mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) /microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H), the data on neoadjuvant setting is limited."
9423,brain tumour,38336507,Tocotrienol isoforms: The molecular mechanisms underlying their effects in cancer therapy and their implementation in clinical trials.,"Tocotrienols are found in a variety of natural sources, like rice bran, annatto seeds and palm oil, and have been shown to have several health-promoting properties, particularly against chronic diseases such as cancer. The incidence of cancer is rapidly increasing around the world, not only a result of continued aging and population growth, but also due to the adoption of aspects of the Western lifestyle, such as high-fat diets and low-physical activity. The literature provides strong evidence that tocotrienols are able to inhibit the growth of various cancers, including breast, lung, ovarian, prostate, liver, brain, colon, myeloma and pancreatic cancers. These findings, along with the reported safety profile of tocotrienols in healthy human volunteers, encourage further research into these compounds' potential use in cancer prevention and treatment. The current review provided detailed information about the molecular mechanisms of action of different tocotrienol isoforms in various cancer models and evaluated the potential therapeutic effects of different vitamin E analogues on important cancer hallmarks, such as cellular proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis. MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases were used to identify recently published articles that investigated the anticancer effects of vitamin E derivatives in various types of cancer in vitro and in vivo along with clinical evidence of adjuvant chemopreventive benefits. Following an overview of pre-clinical studies, we describe several completed and ongoing clinical trials that are paving the way for the successful implementation of tocotrienols in cancer chemotherapy."
9424,brain tumour,38336454,Use of drugs for hyperlipidaemia and diabetes and risk of primary and secondary brain tumours: nested case-control studies using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).,Previous studies have suggested that fibrates and glitazones may have a role in brain tumour prevention. We examined if there is support for these observations using primary care records from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).
9425,brain tumour,38336278,Spinal calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis (CAPNON) associated with facet joint pathologies: CAPNON diagnostic and pathogenic insights.,"Calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis (CAPNON) is a rare tumor-like fibro-osseous lesion that can develop anywhere in the neuraxis. Approximately a half of reported CAPNONs developed in the spinal region, mostly close to the facet joint (FJ). The diagnosis of spinal CAPNONs is challenging given the existence of mimics and associated pathologies including calcific degeneration of the FJ ligaments (DFJL) and synovial cysts (SCs). The pathogenesis of CAPNON remains elusive, although there have been a few hypotheses including degenerative, reactive, proliferative and immune-mediated processes. Our present study examined clinical, radiological and pathological features of 12 spinal CAPNONs in comparison to 9 DFJL foci, and diagnostic and pathogenic relationship between CAPNONs and FJ pathologies. On imaging, CAPNONs were all tumor-like and typically bigger than DFJL foci. All CAPNONs showed pathologically diagnostic features including characteristic cores, consistently identifiable core-surrounding/peripheral palisading of macrophages and other cells including multinucleated giant cells, variable infiltration of CD8"
9426,brain tumour,38336147,Distinguishing brain tumors by Label-free confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy.,"Brain tumors have serious adverse effects on public health and social economy. Accurate detection of brain tumor types is critical for effective and proactive treatment, and thus improve the survival of patients."
9427,brain tumour,38335730,Nanoplasmonic Detection of EGFR Mutations Based on Extracellular Vesicle-Derived EGFR-Drug Interaction.,"Analysis of membrane proteins from extracellular vesicles (EVs) has emerged as an important strategy for molecular cancer diagnosis. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most well-known oncogenic membrane proteins, particularly in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), where targeted therapies using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are often addressed based on EGFR mutation status. Consequently, several studies aimed at analyzing oncogenic membrane proteins have been proposed for cancer diagnosis. However, conventional protein analysis still faces limitations due to the requirement for large sample quantities and extensive post-labeling processes. Here, we develop a nanoplasmonic detection method for EGFR mutations in the diagnosis of NSCLC based on interactions between EGFR loaded in EVs and TKI. Gefitinib is selected as a model TKI due to its strong signals in the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and mutation-dependent binding affinity to EGFR. We demonstrate an SERS signal attributed to gefitinib at a higher value in the EGFR exon 19 deletion, both in cells and EVs, compared to wild-type and exon 19 deletion/T790M variants. Furthermore, we observe a significantly higher gefitinib SERS signal in EGFR obtained from exon 19 deletion NSCLC patient plasma-derived EVs compared with those from wild-type and exon 19 deletion/T790M EVs. Since our approach utilizes an analysis of the SERS signal generated by the interaction between oncogenic membrane proteins within EVs and targeted drugs, its diagnostic applicability could potentially extend to other liquid biopsy methods based on EVs."
9428,brain tumour,38335654,Neuroprotective effects of Embelin in an ethidium bromide-induced multiple sclerosis in rats: Modulation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway.,"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating inflammatory disease characterized by demyelination, varied remyelination conservation, and partial axonal retention in central nervous system (CNS) lesions. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway has been implicated in the pathophysiology of MS. Embelin (EMB), derived from the Embelia ribes plant, possesses diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory properties."
9429,brain tumour,38335517,Increased CD44 expression in primary meningioma: its clinical significance and association with peritumoral brain edema.,"CD44 is a major cell surface receptor involved in cell adhesion and migration. The overexpression of CD44 is a poor prognostic factor in many neoplasms, including meningiomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between CD44 gene expression and clinical signatures of primary meningiomas."
9430,brain tumour,38335516,Letter to the Editor. Decoding GBM: a singular insight into the precision of 5-ALA through single-cell analysis.,No abstract found
9431,brain tumour,38335473,ONC201 (Dordaviprone) in Recurrent H3 K27M-Mutant Diffuse Midline Glioma.,"Histone 3 (H3) K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma (DMG) has a dismal prognosis with no established effective therapy beyond radiation. This integrated analysis evaluated single-agent ONC201 (dordaviprone), a first-in-class imipridone, in recurrent H3 K27M-mutant DMG."
9432,brain tumour,38335471,Prognostic Role of Ventricular Size and Its Dynamics in Patients With Leptomeningeal Metastasis From Solid Tumors.,"Hydrocephalus is a common radiologic sign in patients with leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) from solid tumors which can be assessed using the Evans index (EI). Here, we explored the prognostic value of ventricular size in LM."
9433,brain tumour,38335432,A case report of cerebellar hemangioblastoma simulated brain metastasis shown by magnetic resonance imaging.,"Hemangioblastomas occur both sporadically and as an important component of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. The typical MRI features of hemangioblastoma are cysts with enhanced cystic wall nodules in the cerebellum or lesions with uniform enhancement on the surface or inside the spinal cord. If there is edema around hemangioblastoma, it is easy to be misdiagnosed as brain metastasis on MRI."
9434,brain tumour,38334950,Development of Chromosome 1q+ Specific Treatment for Highest Risk Pediatric Posterior Fossa Ependymoma.,"There are no effective treatment strategies for children with highest-risk posterior fossa group A ependymoma (PFA). Chromosome 1q gains (1q+) are present in approximately 25% of newly diagnosed PFA tumors, and this number doubles at recurrence. Seventy percent of children with chromosome 1q+ PFA will die because of the tumor, highlighting the urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies for this population."
9435,brain tumour,38334907,Repeat surgery of recurrent glioma for molecularly informed treatment in the age of precision oncology: A risk-benefit analysis.,"Surgery for recurrent glioma provides cytoreduction and tissue for molecularly informed treatment. With mostly heavily pretreated patients involved, it is unclear whether the benefits of repeat surgery outweigh its potential risks."
9436,brain tumour,38334774,[Intraoperative stimulated Raman histology for personalized brain tumor surgery].,"In brain tumor surgery a personalized surgical approach is crucial to achieve a maximum safe tumor resection. The extent of resection decisively depends on the histological diagnosis. Stimulated Raman histology (SRH), a fiber laser-based optical imaging method, offers the possibility for evaluation of an intraoperative diagnosis in a few minutes."
9437,brain tumour,38334736,[Surgical treatment of brain tumors adjacent to corticospinal tract in children].,"An urgent problem in modern neurosurgery is resection of brain tumors adjacent to corticospinal tract (CST) due to high risk of its damage and subsequent disability. The main methods for prevention of intraoperative damage to CST are preoperative MR tractography and intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring. Both methods are used in pediatric neurosurgery. We reviewed the PubMed database since 2000 using the following keywords: «tumors of the hemispheres in children», «corticospinal tract», «MR tractography», «intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring». We present available literature data on preoperative MR tractography and intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring in children with supratentorial tumors near CST. Algorithm of intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring is often missing or insufficiently described. MR tractography is usually presented in case reports. Researchers do not compare the effectiveness of MR tractography and intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring. In case of MR tractography, a limitation is impossible CST reconstruction in children 2-3 years old. This may be due to unformed pyramidal system in these children."
9438,brain tumour,38334734,[Hypothalamic hamartoma dissection using focused ultrasound under MRI control. The first successful experience in Russia].,"Treatment of motor disorders by MRI-guided focused ultrasound is an alternative to neuro- and radiosurgery such as stereotactic radiofrequency ablation and thalamotomy with a gamma knife. However, safety, efficacy and feasibility of this technology for intracranial neoplasms are still unclear. The authors report successful hypothalamic hamartoma dissection by MRI-guided focused ultrasound in a 32-year-old woman with drug-resistant gelastic epilepsy and violent laughter and crying attacks. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed type II hypothalamic hamartoma. The last one was detached from surrounding brain tissue by MRI-guided focused ultrasound without side effects. Symptoms regressed immediately after surgery. No laughter and crying attacks were observed throughout 6-month follow-up."
9439,brain tumour,38334732,[PET/CT with 11C-methionine in assessment of brain glioma metabolism].,To study 11C-methionine (MET) metabolism in gliomas using CNS tumor biobank imaging data.
9440,brain tumour,38334731,[Is it possible to detect surface antigen CD133 on patient-derived glioblastoma continuous cell cultures using fluorescent aptamers?].,"Theranostics combines diagnostics and therapeutic exposure. Regarding glioblastomas, theranostics solves the problem of detecting and destroying tumor stem cells resistant to irradiation and chemotherapy and causing tumor recurrence. Transmembrane surface antigen CD133 is considered as a potential marker of tumor stem cells."
9441,brain tumour,38334650,Involvement of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Establishing an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Tumorspheres Derived from TMZ-Resistant Glioblastoma Cell Lines and Primary Cultures.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) strictly associated with therapy resistance. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) fuels GBM proliferation, stemness, and chemoresistance. We previously reported that COX-2 upregulation induced by temozolomide (TMZ) supported chemoresistance. Also, COX-2 transfer by extracellular vesicles released by T98G promoted M2 polarization in macrophages, whereas COX-2 inhibition counteracted these effects. Here, we investigated the COX-2 role in the stemness potential and modulation of the GBM immunosuppressive microenvironment. The presence of macrophages U937 within tumorspheres derived from GBM cell lines and primary cultures exposed to celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) with or without TMZ was studied by confocal microscopy. M2 polarization was analyzed by TGFβ-1 and CD206 levels. Osteopontin (OPN), a crucial player within the TME by driving the macrophages' infiltration, and CD44 expression was assessed by Western blot. TMZ strongly enhanced tumorsphere size and induced the M2 polarization of infiltrating macrophages. In macrophage-infiltrated tumorspheres, TMZ upregulated OPN and CD44 expression. These TMZ effects were counteracted by the concurrent addition of CXB. Remarkably, exogenous prostaglandin-E"
9442,brain tumour,38334610,Aberrant ,"Brain tumors represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized by a high degree of aggressiveness and a poor prognosis. Despite recent therapeutic advances, the treatment of brain tumors, including glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive primary brain tumor associated with poor prognosis and resistance to therapy, remains a significant challenge. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are critical during development and in adulthood. Dysregulation of RTKs through activating mutations and gene amplification contributes to many human cancers and provides attractive therapeutic targets for treatment. Under physiological conditions, the Met RTK, the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) receptor, promotes fundamental signaling cascades that modulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) involved in tissue repair and embryogenesis. In cancer, increased Met activity promotes tumor growth and metastasis by providing signals for proliferation, survival, and migration/invasion. Recent clinical genomic studies have unveiled multiple mechanisms by which "
9443,brain tumour,38334595,Prospective Approach to Deciphering the Impact of Intercellular Mitochondrial Transfer from Human Neural Stem Cells and Brain Tumor-Initiating Cells to Neighboring Astrocytes.,"The communication between neural stem cells (NSCs) and surrounding astrocytes is essential for the homeostasis of the NSC niche. Intercellular mitochondrial transfer, a unique communication system that utilizes the formation of tunneling nanotubes for targeted mitochondrial transfer between donor and recipient cells, has recently been identified in a wide range of cell types. Intercellular mitochondrial transfer has also been observed between different types of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their neighboring cells, including brain CSCs and astrocytes. CSC mitochondrial transfer significantly enhances overall tumor progression by reprogramming neighboring cells. Despite the urgent need to investigate this newly identified phenomenon, mitochondrial transfer in the central nervous system remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, we found evidence of intercellular mitochondrial transfer from human NSCs and from brain CSCs, also known as brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs), to astrocytes in co-culture experiments. Both NSC and BTIC mitochondria triggered similar transcriptome changes upon transplantation into the recipient astrocytes. In contrast to NSCs, the transplanted mitochondria from BTICs had a significant proliferative effect on the recipient astrocytes. This study forms the basis for mechanistically deciphering the impact of intercellular mitochondrial transfer on recipient astrocytes, which will potentially provide us with new insights into the mechanisms of mitochondrial retrograde signaling."
9444,brain tumour,38334474,Feasible diet and circadian interventions reduce in vivo progression of FLT3-ITD-positive acute myeloid leukemia.,"Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with an internal tandem duplication in the fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor 3 gene (FLT3-ITD) is associated with poor survival, and few studies have examined the impact of modifiable behaviors, such as nutrient quality and timing, in this subset of acute leukemia."
9445,brain tumour,38334125,Unraveling the complexity of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma using multimodal machine learning analysis.,"Cellular senescence can have positive and negative effects on the body, including aiding in damage repair and facilitating tumor growth. Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP), the most common pediatric sellar/suprasellar brain tumor, poses significant treatment challenges. Recent studies suggest that senescent cells in ACP tumors may contribute to tumor growth and invasion by releasing a senesecence-associated secretory phenotype. However, a detailed analysis of these characteristics has yet to be completed."
9446,brain tumour,38334009,Association between plasma CTRPs with cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease.,"Recent evidence indicated the biological basis of complement 1q (C1q)/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related protein (CTRP) 3, 4, and 14 for affecting brain structure and cognitive function. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between plasma CTRPs with Alzheimer's disease (AD)."
9447,brain tumour,38334007,HTRA1 promotes EMT through the HDAC6/Ac-α-tubulin pathway in human GBM cells.,"The infiltrative nature of human gliomas renders complete surgical removal of tumors futile. Thus, illuminating mechanisms of their infiltrative properties may improve therapies and outcomes of glioma patients."
9448,brain tumour,38333639,The influence of radiological tumor growth pattern on sino‑nasal health in pituitary adenomas.,"Pituitary adenomas are one of the most common mass lesions of the brain and are associated with a reduced quality of life. While transnasal and transsphenoidal endoscopic approaches are considered to deliver similar recovery rates for sino-nasal health (SNH), the impact of radiological tumor growth patterns on SNH has not been evaluated. In the present study, the influence of radiological tumor growth on SNH was examined before and after endoscopic transsphenoidal tumor resection. Patient data were prospectively collected between August 1, 2016 and August 31, 2022. The Knosp and Hardy classifications were used to dichotomize pituitary adenoma lesions into low- and high-graded lesions. SNH was assessed shortly before surgery and at follow-up examinations 3-6 months after operation using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test for Neurosurgery (SNOT-NC) questionnaire. Fully completed SNOT-NC questionnaires were collected before and after surgery from a total of 101 patients. Independent t-tests showed significantly higher rates of deterioration after surgery in patients with Knosp low-graded lesions compared with those with high-graded tumors for the SNOT-NC total score P=0.048, nasal discomfort P=0.034, sleep problems P=0.024 and visual impairment P=0.042. Pre- and post-operative comparisons for the Knosp low-graded tumor cohort showed an increase of nasal discomfort (P=0.004), while the Knosp high-graded tumor cohort reported decreased visual impairment (P=0.016) after surgery. Assessing the Hardy classification, increased nasal discomfort was reported in patients with high-graded infrasellar tumors after surgery (P=0.046). Growth characteristics of pituitary adenomas based on Knosp and Hardy classifications may influence SNH. Patients with less invasive lesions were revealed to be more prone to experiencing a decrease in SNH, which went beyond the assumed deterioration of 1-3 months. These findings indicate the importance of detailed information regarding SNH as part of every pre-operative patient briefing."
9449,brain tumour,38333620,Pan-cancer and single-cell analysis reveal THRAP3 as a prognostic and immunological biomarker for multiple cancer types.,
9450,brain tumour,38333306,Extra-axial desmoplastic/nodular medulloblastoma in adult mimicking cerebellar metastasis: reappraisal of this rare presentation with literature review.,Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant intra-axial brain tumour in paediatric patients and represent 35-40% of posterior fossa tumour types in children between 3 and 9 years of age. Medulloblastomas may also be found in adulthood. These tumours are classified into two groups according to its molecular characteristics and histological type. The desmoplastic/nodular subtype is the second common subtype after the classic one. Only three cases of desmoplastic/nodular extra-axial medelloblastoma have been previously reported in the literature originating from to the cerebellopontine angle.
9451,brain tumour,38333184,Prenatal diagnosis of fetal intracranial medulloepithelioma: a case report.,"Intracranial medulloepithelioma is a very rare and highly malignant tumor that is typically diagnosed in childhood and has an inferior prognosis. In the current report, we described a case of fetal intracranial medulloepithelioma that was detected during the third trimester by prenatal ultrasonography, which displayed homogenous echogenicity with well-circumscribed margins and abundant blood flow. On magnetic resonance imaging, it was hyperintense on both T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The fetal intracranial tumor was progressive, with rapid expansion within 3 weeks. The report aimed to provide knowledge on the clinical characteristics of fetal intracranial medulloepithelioma in prenatal diagnosis, particularly the radiological features."
9452,brain tumour,38332673,Magnetic resonance and computed tomographic imaging characteristics and potential molecular mechanisms of feline meningioma associated calvarial hyperostosis.,"Meningiomas are the most common feline primary brain tumours, and calvarial hyperostosis (CH) is frequently documented in association with this neoplastic entity. The clinical significance of and mechanisms driving the formation of CH in cats with meningiomas are poorly understood, although tumour invasion into the skull and tumour production of cytokines and enzymes have been implicated as causes of CH in humans. This retrospective study investigated relationships between signalment, MRI or CT imaging features, histopathologic tumour characteristics, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzyme concentrations, tumour expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and progression free survival times (PFS) following surgical treatment in 27 cats with meningiomas with (n = 15) or without (n = 12) evidence of CH. No significant differences in breed, age, sex, body weight, tumour grade, tumour volume, peritumoral edema burden, ALP isoenzyme concentrations, tumour Ki-67 labelling indices or MMP-2 or MMP-9 expression and activity, or PFS were noted between cats with or without CH. There was a trend towards higher serum (p = .06) and intratumoral (p = .07) concentrations of IL-6 in cats with CH, but these comparisons were not statistically significant. Histologic evidence of tumour invasion into bone was observed in 5/12 (42%) with CH and in no (0/6) cats without CH, although this was not statistically significant (p = .07). Tumour invasion into bone and tumour production of IL-6 may contribute to the formation of meningioma associated CH in cats, although larger studies are required to further substantiate these findings and determine their clinical relevance."
9453,brain tumour,38332589,"Childhood cancer incidence and survival in the Faroe Islands, 1960 to 2019.",This study is the first report regarding childhood cancer in the Faroe Islands and describes the incidence and survival of childhood cancer over the last 60 years in the Faroe Islands.
9454,brain tumour,38332576,Transformed astrocytes confer temozolomide resistance on glioblastoma via delivering ALKBH7 to enhance APNG expression after educating by glioblastoma stem cells-derived exosomes.,"Glioblastoma is the most malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Temozolomide (TMZ) stands for the first-line chemotherapeutic agent against glioblastoma. Nevertheless, the therapeutic efficacy of TMZ appears to be remarkably limited, because of low cytotoxic efficiency against glioblastoma. Besides, various mechanical studies and the corresponding strategies fail to enhancing TMZ curative effect in clinical practice. Our previous studies have disclosed remodeling of glial cells by GSCs, but the roles of these transformed cells on promoting TMZ resistance have never been explored."
9455,brain tumour,38332448,Development of a rapid and comprehensive genomic profiling test supporting diagnosis and research for gliomas.,"A prompt and reliable molecular diagnosis for brain tumors has become crucial in precision medicine. While Comprehensive Genomic Profiling (CGP) has become feasible, there remains room for enhancement in brain tumor diagnosis due to the partial lack of essential genes and limitations in broad copy number analysis. In addition, the long turnaround time of commercially available CGPs poses an additional obstacle to the timely implementation of results in clinics. To address these challenges, we developed a CGP encompassing 113 genes, genome-wide copy number changes, and MGMT promoter methylation. Our CGP incorporates not only diagnostic genes but also supplementary genes valuable for research. Our CGP enables us to simultaneous identification of mutations, gene fusions, focal and broad copy number alterations, and MGMT promoter methylation status, with results delivered within a minimum of 4 days. Validation of our CGP, through comparisons with whole-genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and pyrosequencing, has certified its accuracy and reliability. We applied our CGP for 23 consecutive cases of intracranial mass lesions, which demonstrated its efficacy in aiding diagnosis and prognostication. Our CGP offers a comprehensive and rapid molecular profiling for gliomas, which could potentially apply to clinical practices and research primarily in the field of brain tumors."
9456,brain tumour,38332351,Progression rate of radiation-induced carotid stenosis in head and neck cancer survivors after statin treatment: a retrospective cohort study.,Whether statin treatment is effective in retarding the progression of radiation-induced carotid stenosis (RICS) in head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of statin treatment with RICS progression rate in HNC survivors after radiotherapy.
9457,brain tumour,38332235,Human archetypal pluripotent stem cells differentiate into trophoblast stem cells via endogenous BMP5/7 induction without transitioning through naive state.,"Primary human trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) and TSCs derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can potentially model placental processes in vitro. Yet, the pluripotent states and factors involved in the differentiation of hPSCs to TSCs remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the primed pluripotent state can generate TSCs by activating pathways such as Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Wingless-related integration site (WNT), and by suppressing tumor growth factor beta (TGFβ), histone deacetylases (HDAC), and Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) signaling pathways, all without the addition of exogenous Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4)-a condition we refer to as the TS condition. We characterized this process using temporal single-cell RNA sequencing to compare TS conditions with differentiation protocols involving BMP4 activation alone or BMP4 activation in conjunction with WNT inhibition. The TS condition consistently produced a stable, proliferative cell type that closely mimics first-trimester placental cytotrophoblasts, marked by the activation of endogenous retroviral genes and the absence of amnion expression. This was observed across multiple cell lines, including various primed induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) and embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines. Primed-derived TSCs can proliferate for over 30 passages and further specify into multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblast cells. Our research establishes that the differentiation of primed hPSCs to TSC under TS conditions triggers the induction of TMSB4X, BMP5/7, GATA3, and TFAP2A without progressing through a naive state. These findings propose that the primed hPSC state is part of a continuum of potency with the capacity to differentiate into TSCs through multiple routes."
9458,brain tumour,38332168,Productivity losses from short-term work absence due to neoplasms in Poland.,"Previous evidence on productivity losses from neoplasms focuses mostly on the economic burden from mortality, covers single cancer diagnoses and neglects non-malignant neoplasms. This study aims to broaden this perspective by analysing losses resulting from work absence and all neoplasm diagnoses. The analysis applies the human capital method and social insurance data to estimate productivity losses attributable to neoplasm-related short-term work absence in Poland in the period 2012-2022. The productivity losses due to work absence attributable to all neoplasms in Poland were €583 million in 2012 (0.143% of gross domestic product) and they increased to €969 million in 2022 (0.164%). Around 60% of the losses were associated with cancers while the remaining part of the burden was due to non-malignant neoplasms. The neoplasms that led to the highest losses were benign neoplasms, breast cancer, colorectum cancer and prostate cancer. The cancer sites characterised by the greatest losses per absence episode were brain cancer, lung cancer and oesophageal cancer. For most of the neoplasms, we observed increasing losses in an 11-year period analysed. Investing in effective public health policies that tackle neoplasms has the potential to reduce both the health burden and economic losses resulting from these diseases."
9459,brain tumour,38331962,Multinodular and Vacuolating Neuronal Tumor-like Lesion of the Spinal Cord: Two Case Reports.,"We describe 2 cases of a spinal cord lesion with imaging features closely resembling those described in supratentorial multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) or infratentorial multinodular and vacuolating posterior fossa lesions of unknown significance. Multiple well-delineated nonenhancing T2-hyperintense intramedullary cystic ovoid nodules were visualized within the white matter of the spinal cord, including some immediately abutting the gray matter. No alterations in signal intensity or morphology were detected in a follow-up. Moreover, no relevant clinical symptoms attributable to the lesions were present. We describe these lesions as presumed MVNT, and we therefore use the term MVNT-like spinal cord lesions."
9460,brain tumour,38331958,Expanding the Imaging Spectrum of Polymorphous Low-Grade Neuroepithelial Tumor of the Young in Children.,"Polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumors of the young (PLNTY) are rare brain tumors first described in 2017 and recently included in the 2021 5th World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. They typically affect children and young adults. Few pediatric cases have been reported in the literature. The most common imaging features described, include location within the temporal lobe, involvement of the cortical/subcortical region, coarse calcifications, and well-defined margins with solid and cystic morphology, with slight-or-no enhancement. However, there is limited information on imaging features in children. We present the imaging spectrum of neuroimaging features in a series of pediatric patients with a histologically and molecularly proved PLNTY diagnosis. Coarse calcifications are uncommon in children compared with the adult literature, and they may develop with time. The transmantle-like sign can be observed, and adjacent cortical dysplasia may be seen. Seizure recurrence may occur despite gross total resection of the tumor."
9461,brain tumour,38331805,Astragalus polysaccharides attenuate rat aortic endothelial senescence via regulation of the SIRT-1/p53 signaling pathway.,"Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) have been verified to have antioxidative and antiaging activities in the mouse liver and brain. However, the effect of APS on aortic endothelial senescence in old rats and its underlying mechanism are currently unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate the effects of APS on rat aortic endothelial oxidative stress and senescence in vitro and in vivo and investigate the potential molecular targets."
9462,brain tumour,38331751,vissE: a versatile tool to identify and visualise higher-order molecular phenotypes from functional enrichment analysis.,"Functional analysis of high throughput experiments using pathway analysis is now ubiquitous. Though powerful, these methods often produce thousands of redundant results owing to knowledgebase redundancies upstream. This scale of results hinders extensive exploration by biologists and can lead to investigator biases due to previous knowledge and expectations. To address this issue, we present vissE, a flexible network-based analysis and visualisation tool that organises information into semantic categories and provides various visualisation modules to characterise them with respect to the underlying data, thus providing a comprehensive view of the biological system. We demonstrate vissE's versatility by applying it to three different technologies: bulk, single-cell and spatial transcriptomics. Applying vissE to a factor analysis of a breast cancer spatial transcriptomic data, we identified stromal phenotypes that support tumour dissemination. Its adaptability allows vissE to enhance all existing gene-set enrichment and pathway analysis workflows, empowering biologists during molecular discovery."
9463,brain tumour,38331629,Application of Artificial Intelligence in Oncologic Molecular PET-Imaging: A Narrative Review on Beyond [,Following the previous part of the narrative review on artificial intelligence (AI) applications in positron emission tomography (PET) using tracers rather than 
9464,brain tumour,38331354,Depression-like phenotypes in mice following common bile duct ligation: Insights into the gut-liver-brain axis via the vagus nerve.,"Depression frequently occurs in patients with liver cirrhosis, yet the reasons for this correlation are not fully understood. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been implicated in depression through the gut-brain axis via the vagus nerve. This study explored the potential role of the gut-liver-brain axis via the vagus nerve in depression-like phenotypes in mice with liver cirrhosis. These mice underwent common bile duct ligation (CBDL), a method used to stimulate liver cirrhosis. To assess depression-like behaviors, behavioral tests were conducted 10 days following either sham or CBDL surgeries. The mice with CBDL displayed symptoms such as splenomegaly, elevated plasma levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, depression-like behaviors, decreased levels of synaptic proteins in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), disrupted gut microbiota balance, and changes in blood metabolites (or lipids). Additionally, there were positive or negative correlations between the relative abundance of microbiome and behavioral data or blood metabolites (or lipids). Significantly, these changes were reversed in CBDL mice by performing a subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. Intriguingly, depression-like phenotypes in mice with CBDL were improved after a single injection of arketamine, a new antidepressant. These results suggest that CBDL-induced depression-like phenotypes in mice are mediated through the gut-liver-brain axis via the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve, and that arketamine might offer a new treatment approach for depression in liver cirrhosis patients."
9465,brain tumour,38331340,Tenacissoside H repressed the progression of glioblastoma by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most common intracranial primary malignancies with the highest mortality rate, and there is a lack of effective treatments. In this study, we examined the anti-GBM activity of Tenacissoside H (TH), an active component isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Wight & Arn (MT), and investigated the potential mechanism. Firstly, we found that TH decreased the viability of GBM cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibited the migration of GBM cells. Furthermore, combined with the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO) and network pharmacology as well as molecular docking, TH was shown to inhibit GBM progression by directly regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which was further validated in vitro. In addition, the selective PI3K agonist 740 y-p partially restored the inhibitory effects of TH on GBM cells. Finally, TH inhibited GBM progression in an orthotopic transplantation model by inactivating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in vivo. Conclusively, our results suggest that TH represses GBM progression by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo, and provides new insight for the treatment of GBM patients."
9466,brain tumour,38331301,Efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy on brain metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer and treatment-related adverse events: A systematic review.,Recent evidence suggests that PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy improves outcomes in patients with brain metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.
9467,brain tumour,38331004,Biomimetic nano-chelate diethyldithiocarbamate Cu/Fe for enhanced metalloimmunity and ferroptosis activation in glioma therapy.,"Ferroptosis has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for glioma. However, its efficacy is often compromised by the activated GPX4-reduced glutathione (GSH) system and the poor brain delivery efficiency of ferroptosis inducers. Therefore, suppression of the GPX4-GSH axis to induce the accumulation of lipid peroxides becomes an essential strategy to augment ferroptosis. In this study, we present a metalloimmunological strategy to target the GPX4-GSH axis by inhibiting the cystine/glutamate antiporter system (system Xc"
9468,brain tumour,38330769,Transcranial ultrasound estimation of viscoelasticity and fluidity in brain tumors aided by transcranial shear waves.,"Cerebral diseases, such as brain tumors, are intricately linked to the mechanical properties of brain tissues. Estimating the mechanical properties of brain tumors using transcranial ultrasound is a promising approach. However, the complexity of cranial features introduces challenges, such as ultrasound attenuation and interference from multidirectional transcranial shear waves induced by impact vibrations. To address these issues, this study proposes a transcranial ultrasound estimation method assisted by transcranial shear vibrations. Transcranial vibrations apply shear forces on the parietal bone, inducing unidirectional transcranial shear waves within brain tissue, as validated through simulations. Shear waves at different frequencies were captured via transcranial ultrasound, which were used to assess the viscoelasticity and fluidity of brain tumors. Transcranial experimental validations were conducted in 3D-printed models with tumor phantoms and ex vivo animal tumors. Vibration safety assessments were also performed. The results demonstrate that transcranial ultrasound can detect micron displacements induced by transcranial shear waves. In phantom and ex vivo animal experiments, speed distribution maps were employed to determine the size and location of one or two tumors enclosed in the skull model. The results revealed that the proposed approach could detect tumors with a minimum diameter of 0.8 cm and an inter-tumor distance of 0.8 cm. Notably, significant differences in viscoelasticity and fluidity between normal brain tissue and brain tumors were found (p<0.001). The maximum assessment errors for the elasticity, viscosity, and fluidity using transcranial ultrasound were 11.90%, 4.82%, and 0.73%, respectively, indicating that fluidity was more robust than viscoelasticity. The maximum accelerations of the skull were only 3.21 ms"
9469,brain tumour,38330724,Amide proton transfer-weighted MRI in predicting pathological types of brain metastases in lung Cancer.,"Most brain metastases originate from lung cancer. The majority of cases of lung cancer can be categorized into squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma,necessitating distinct clinical treatments and yielding diverse prognoses.Therefore,accurate preoperative evaluation of pathological types through imaging techniques is essential. The objective of this study is to assess the capability of amide proton transfer-weighted(APTw) MRI in predicting the pathological types of brain metastases in lung cancer.Additionally,it seeks to evaluate whether APTw MRI can provide additional value to diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) at MRI·In this study,a total of 32 participants(mean age,60 ± 9 years;14 men) underwent evaluation,comprising 9 with squamous carcinoma and 23 with adenocarcinoma.Interestingly,adenocarcinoma demonstrated elevated APTw values(2.70 ± 0.81% vs 1.82 ± 0.47%;P = 0.001) and a higher apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) value(1.00 ± 0.40 × 10"
9470,brain tumour,38330723,Concurrent glioma and multiple sclerosis: A systematic review of case reports.,"It is uncommon for individuals with demyelinating disease, notably multiple sclerosis (MS), to be diagnosed with intracranial gliomas. It has been debated whether or not the concurrence of these two disorders is accidental. Clinically, it may be challenging to diagnose someone who has MS and an intracranial tumor simultaneously. We conducted this systematic review to evaluate the glioma patients following MS."
9471,brain tumour,38330492,Automatic segmentation of hepatocellular carcinoma on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI based on deep learning.,
9472,brain tumour,38330395,Chrysin bonded to β-d-glucose tetraacetate enhances its protective effects against the neurotoxicity induced by aluminum in Swiss mice.,To evaluate whether the glycosylation of chrysin (CHR) enhances its protective effects against aluminum-induced neurotoxicity.
9473,brain tumour,38330165,KDM1A genotyping and expression in 146 sporadic somatotroph pituitary adenomas.,"A paradoxical increase of growth hormone (GH) following oral glucose load has been described in ∼30% of patients with acromegaly and has been related to the ectopic expression of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor (GIPR) in somatotropinomas. Recently, we identified germline pathogenic variants and somatic loss of heterozygosity of lysine demethylase 1A (KDM1A) in patients with GIP-dependent primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with Cushing's syndrome. The ectopic expression of GIPR in both adrenal and pituitary lesions suggests a common molecular mechanism."
9474,brain tumour,38330148,"Integrated Proteogenomics Uncover Mechanisms of Glioblastoma Evolution, Pointing to Novel Therapeutic Targets.","Nearly all glioblastoma (GBM) patients relapse following standard treatment and eventually succumb to disease. While large-scale, integrated multiomic studies have tremendously advanced the understanding of primary GBM at the cellular and molecular level, the posttherapeutic trajectory and biological properties of recurrent GBM remain poorly understood. This knowledge gap was addressed in a recent Cancer Cell article in which Kim and colleagues report on a highly integrative proteogenomic analysis performed on 123 matched primary and recurrent GBMs that uncovered a dramatic evolutionary shift from a proliferative state at initial diagnosis to the activation of neuronal and synaptogenic pathways at recurrence following therapy. Neuronal transition was characterized by posttranslational activation of WNT/PCP signaling and BRAF kinase, while many canonical oncogenic pathways, and EGFR in particular, were downregulated. Parallel multiomics analyses of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models corroborated this evolutionary trajectory, allowing in vivo experiments for translational significance. Notably, targeting BRAF kinase disrupted both the neuronal transition and migration capabilities of recurrent gliomas, which were key characteristics of posttreatment progression. Furthermore, combining BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib with temozolomide prolonged survival in PDX models. Overall, the results reveal novel biological mechanisms of GBM evolution and therapy resistance, and suggest promising therapeutic intervention."
9475,brain tumour,38330145,Discovery of a Novel Potent EGFR Inhibitor Against EGFR Activating Mutations and On-Target Resistance in NSCLC.,"Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) serve as the standard first-line therapy for EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite the sustained clinical benefits achieved through optimal EGFR-TKI treatments, including the third-generation EGFR-TKI osimertinib, resistance inevitably develops. Currently, there are no targeted therapeutic options available postprogression on osimertinib. Here, we assessed the preclinical efficacy of BI-4732, a novel fourth-generation EGFR-TKI, using patient-derived preclinical models reflecting various clinical scenarios."
9476,brain tumour,38329732,Combining causal and correlative approaches to discover biomarkers of response to paclitaxel.,"We recently discovered a putative paclitaxel response predictive biomarker for glioblastoma and breast cancer using the whole genome CRISPR knockout screen. The biomarker candidate was validated in two independent breast cancer patient cohorts that received taxane treatment. To further evaluate the potential application of this biomarker in the clinic for patients with glioblastoma, a prospective validation in cohorts of patients with glioblastoma is essential and will be performed as part of our ongoing phase II clinical trial (NCT04528680). The validation of novel biomarkers of susceptibility to therapy is critical to elucidate the efficacy signal of therapeutic agents. This is especially important in the context of glioblastoma, where therapeutic benefit is variable and unpredictable, leading to negative trials, yet the outcome of subset of patients has outperformed expectations."
9477,brain tumour,38329710,Evaluation of the biological efficiency of Terminalia chebula fruit extract against neurochemical changes induced in brain of diabetic rats: an epigenetic study.,"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic and progressive metabolic disorder that can stimulate neuroinflammation and increase oxidative stress in the brain. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the efficacy of ethanolic Terminalia chebula extract against the neurochemical and histopathological changes induced in the brains of diabetic rats. The study clarified the reduction in oxidative stress induced in the brains of diabetic rats by the significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in levels of the antioxidants with decreasing the peroxidation products via ethanolic T. chebula extract at both doses (400 and 600 mg/kg). Moreover, T. chebula extract improved the brain integrity by lowering levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), β-amyloid (Aβ) content, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and acetylcholine esterase (ACHE) significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in a dose dependent manner compared to brain of diabetic rats. Severe nuclear pyknosis and degeneration were noticed in neurons of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum in brains of diabetic rats. The severity of these alterations decreased with T. chebula extract at a dose of 600 mg/kg compared to the other treated groups. The different electrophoretic protein and isoenzyme assays revealed that the lowest similarity index (SI%) values exist in the brains of diabetic rats compared to the control group. The quantity of the most native proteins and isoenzyme types increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in the brains of diabetic rats, and these electrophoretic variations were completely diminished by T. chebula extract. The study concluded that T. chebula extract ameliorated the biochemical, histopathological and electrophoretic abnormalities induced in the brains of diabetic rats when administered at a dose of 600 mg/kg."
9478,brain tumour,38329682,Identification of Autophagy-Related Candidate Genes in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease and Exploration of Potential Molecular Mechanisms.,"This study aimed to identify autophagy-related candidate genes for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and elucidate their potential molecular mechanisms. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and phenotype-associated significant module genes were obtained using the ""limma"" package and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) based on hippocampal tissue datasets from AD patients and control samples. The intersection between the list of autophagy-related genes (ATGs), DEGs, and module genes was further investigated to obtain AD-autophagy-related differential expression genes (ATDEGs). Subsequently, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was utilized to identify hub genes, and a second intersection was performed with important module genes from the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to obtain co-hub genes. Finally, a diagnostic model was constructed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine the candidate genes with high diagnostic efficacy in the external validation set. Moreover, immune infiltration analysis was performed on AD patient brain tissues and explore the correlation between candidate genes and immune cells. We further analyzed the expression level of candidate genes in the SH-SY5Y cells with Aβ"
9479,brain tumour,38329660,Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption for the Treatment of Primary Brain Tumors: Advances in the Past Half-Decade.,To review relevant advances in the past half-decade in the treatment of primary brain tumors via modification of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability.
9480,brain tumour,38329652,The role of tumor parenchyma and brain cortex signal intensity ratio in differentiating solitary fibrous tumors and meningiomas.,Solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) and meningiomas (MA) have similar clinical and radiographic presentations but require different treatment approaches and have different prognoses. This emphasizes the importance of a correct preoperative diagnosis of SFT versus MA.
9481,brain tumour,38329610,Real-world evaluation of first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer with atezolizumab plus platinum/etoposide: a focus on patients with brain metastasis.,"A previous real-world study conducted in China confirmed that first-line atezolizumab, in combination with etoposide/platinum (EP), leads to significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) compared to EP alone in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). The present study aimed to provide updated survival outcome data and evaluate the clinical efficacy of atezolizumab plus chemotherapy in ES-SCLC patients with brain metastasis (BM)."
9482,brain tumour,38329609,"Effects of Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, and Liposomal Doxorubicin (Anthracycline) on cardiac function in patients with osteosarcoma and their influencing factors.","The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, and Liposomal Doxorubicin (Anthracycline) on cardiac function in osteosarcoma patients and analyze the factors influencing this effect."
9483,brain tumour,38329556,Development and validation of a 23-gene expression signature for molecular subtyping of medulloblastoma in a long-term Chinese cohort.,"Medulloblastoma is the most common childhood malignant brain tumor and is a leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Recent transcriptional studies have shown that medulloblastomas comprise at least four molecular subgroups, each with distinct demographics, genetics, and clinical outcomes. Medulloblastoma subtyping has become critical for subgroup-specific therapies. The use of gene expression assays to determine the molecular subgroup of clinical specimens is a long-awaited application of molecular biology for this pediatric cancer."
9484,brain tumour,38329366,Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Transcavernous Transoculomotor Triangle Approach for Resection of an Invasive Pituitary Adenoma Extending Into the Parapeduncular Space Through the Cavernous Sinus.,A subset of invasive pituitary adenomas invade not only the medial wall of the cavernous sinus but can progress superiorly through the cavernous sinus roof at the oculomotor triangle and reach the subarachnoid parapeduncular space. We describe a series of 2 of 3 cases where an endoscopic endonasal approach was used to reach the parapeduncular space through the oculomotor triangle for tumor decompression. Images of the third case are presented.
9485,brain tumour,38329346,Intrasellar Arachnoid Diverticulae as a Risk Factor for Intraoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery.,Intrasellar arachnoid diverticulae can often be identified on preoperative imaging in patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. The objective of this study was to characterize arachnoid diverticulae both qualitatively and quantitatively in a large institutional cohort of patients with pituitary tumors and to evaluate its association with intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.
9486,brain tumour,38329259,[Risks of radiodiagnostic examinations in children].,"RISKS OF RADIODIAGNOSTIC EXAMINATIONS IN CHILDREN. The question of cancer risk associated with diagnostic medical exposure during childhood is important in view of the sharp increase in the use of radiological examinations, particularly computed tomography (CT), since the 2000s. Moreover, children represent a population particularly sensitive to ionizing radiation. Although conventional radiology examinations do not seem to be associated with an increased risk of cancer, several epidemiological studies, including some with high statistical power, show an increased risk of leukemia and brain tumors in children exposed to CT scans. These results reinforce the importance of the principles of radiation protection already applied daily in radiology, based on the justification of procedures, substitution as far as possible by techniques that do not expose patients to ionizing radiations (ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging) and, if the use of CT scanners remains essential, systematic optimization of the doses delivered."
9487,brain tumour,38329219,Auditory Brainstem Implant Outcomes in Tumor and Nontumor Patients: A Systematic Review.,To elucidate the differences in auditory performance between auditory brainstem implant (ABI) patients with tumor or nontumor etiologies.
9488,brain tumour,38328849,SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY INDICES IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT GLIOMAS AND EFFECTS OF PLATELET SECRETOME IN VITRO.,"To date, no significant clinical progress has been achieved in the treatment of brain malignant gliomas (MG), and the active search for non-invasive circulating biomarkers continues. The prognostic significance of the ratio of the main peripheral blood cell populations of patients with MG is evaluated. Considerable attention is paid to the secretome of platelets (Pt) of peripheral blood."
9489,brain tumour,38328525,Moyamoya Syndrome Associated with Late-onset Idiopathic Aqueduct Stenosis Successfully Treated with Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy.,"Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare idiopathic cerebrovascular disorder that causes transient ischemic attack (TIA) and ischemic stroke in the pediatric population. Herein, we report an extremely rare case of Moyamoya syndrome (MMS) and late-onset idiopathic aqueduct stenosis, a unique form of non-communicating hydrocephalus. A 17-year-old female presented with an intractable headache and occasional faintness. Pertinent medical history included a fourth ventricle epidermoid cyst without any evidence of aqueduct stenosis, which was surgically removed when she was two years of age. The patient subsequently experienced a TIA and was diagnosed with MMD at 14 years of age. Under the definitive diagnosis of MMS associated with a brain tumor, the patient underwent surgical revascularization of the symptomatic right hemisphere without complications. Although the ischemic symptoms resolved postoperatively, a medically intractable headache with occasional faintness persisted. Serial magnetic resonance imaging ultimately revealed newly developed non-communicating hydrocephalus due to acquired aqueduct stenosis at the age of 17. After careful exclusion of the development of either or both a periventricular anastomosis and vault moyamoya vessels along the surgical route using cerebral angiography, we performed an endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) via the right anterior horn without complications. A complete resolution of her chronic headache with the shrinkage of the third ventriculomegaly was observed postoperatively. In cases of MMS associated with symptomatic aqueduct stenosis, transdural collaterals on the cranial vault and periventricular collaterals should be meticulously evaluated preoperatively using cerebral angiography to safely perform an ETV."
9490,brain tumour,38328251,Matched three-dimensional organoids and two-dimensional cell lines of melanoma brain metastases mirror response to targeted molecular therapy.,"Despite significant advances in the treatment paradigm for patients with metastatic melanoma, melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) continues to represent a significant treatment challenge. The study of MBM is limited, in part, by shortcomings in existing preclinical models. Surgically eXplanted Organoids (SXOs) are ex vivo, three-dimensional cultures prepared from primary tissue samples with minimal processing that recapitulate genotypic and phenotypic features of parent tumors and are grown without artificial extracellular scaffolding. We aimed to develop the first matched patient-derived SXO and cell line models of MBM to investigate responses to targeted therapy."
9491,brain tumour,38327950,Accuracy of MRI in Detecting 1p/19q Co-deletion Status of Gliomas: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.,"Background Oligodendrogliomas, rare brain tumors in the frontal lobe's white matter, are reshaped by molecular markers like isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations and 1p/19q co-deletion, influencing treatment outcomes. Despite the initial indolence, these tumors pose a significant risk, with a median survival of 10-12 years. Non-invasive alternatives, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessing T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch and calcifications, provide insights into molecular subtypes and aid prognosis. Our study explored these features to predict the oligodendroglioma status and refine patient management to improve outcomes. Methods In this retrospective study, patient data identified patients with suspected central nervous system tumors undergoing MRI, revealing low-grade gliomas. Surgical biopsy and 1p/19q fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the co-deletion status. MRI was used to assess various morphological features. Statistical analyses included x2 tests, Fisher's exact tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and binary logistic regression models, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results Seventy-three patients (median age, 37 years) were stratified according to 1p/19q co-deletion. Most (61.6%) were 18-40 years old and mostly male (67.1%). Co-deletion cases, primarily frontal lobe lesions (67.6%), were unilateral (88.2%), with 55.9% non-circumscribed margins and 58.8% ill-defined contours. Smooth contrast enhancement and no necrosis were observed in 48.1% of 1p/19q co-deletion cases. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between ill-defined/irregular contours and 1p/19q co-deletion. Fisher's exact test confirmed this but raised concerns about the small sample size influencing the conclusions. Conclusions This study established a significant link between glioma tumor contour characteristics, particularly irregular and ill-defined contours, and the likelihood of 1p/19q co-deletion. Our findings underscore the clinical relevance of using tumor contours in treatment decisions and prognosis assessments."
9492,brain tumour,38327882,Assessing myocardial indices and inflammatory factors to determine anxiety and depression severity in patients with chronic heart failure.,"Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) have a progressive disease that is associated with poor quality of life and high mortality. Many patients experience anxiety and depression (A&D) symptoms, which can further accelerate disease progression. We hypothesized that indicators of myocardial function and inflammatory stress may reflect the severity of A&D symptoms in patients with CHF. Changes in these biomarkers could potentially predict whether A&D symptoms will deteriorate further in these individuals."
9493,brain tumour,38327807,Expanded specific T cells to hypomutated regions of the SARS-CoV-2 using mRNA electroporated antigen-presenting cells.,"The COVID-19 pandemic has caused about seven million deaths worldwide. Preventative vaccines have been developed including Spike gp mRNA-based vaccines that provide protection to immunocompetent patients. However, patients with primary immunodeficiencies, patients with cancer, or hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients are not able to mount robust immune responses against current vaccine approaches. We propose to target structural SARS-CoV-2 antigens (i.e., Spike gp, Membrane, Nucleocapsid, and Envelope) using circulating human antigen-presenting cells electroporated with full length SARS-CoV-2 structural protein-encoding mRNAs to activate and expand specific T cells. Based on the Th1-type cytokine and cytolytic enzyme secretion upon antigen rechallenge, we were able to generate SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells in up to 70% of unexposed unvaccinated healthy donors (HDs) after 3 subsequent stimulations and in 100% of recovered patients (RPs) after 2 stimulations. By means of SARS-CoV-2 specific TCRβ repertoire analysis, T cells specific to Spike gp-derived hypomutated regions were identified in HDs and RPs despite viral genomic evolution. Hence, we demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-loaded antigen-presenting cells are effective activating and expanding COVID19-specific T cells. This approach represents an alternative to patients who are not able to mount adaptive immune responses to current COVID-19 vaccines with potential protection across new variants that have conserved genetic regions."
9494,brain tumour,38327681,"Phase 1 trial of TPI 287, a microtubule stabilizing agent, in combination with bevacizumab in adults with recurrent glioblastoma.","Recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) has limited treatment options. This phase 1 protocol was designed to study the safety and preliminary efficacy of TPI 287, a central nervous system penetrant microtubule stabilizer, in combination with bevacizumab (BEV) for the treatment of rGBM."
9495,brain tumour,38327599,Survival nomogram for patients with ,"On average, 5-10% of patients are diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) at the initial diagnosis. This study aimed to develop a nomogram to predict the overall survival (OS) in these patients."
9496,brain tumour,38327598,Multi-disciplinary surgery for simultaneous resection of multiple tumors in a patient with newly diagnosed metastatic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma.,"Metastatic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (MPP) is a rare endocrine tumor that originates from extra-adrenal chromaffin cells such as the paraganglia cells of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. It usually causes multiple solid tumors and exhibits strong aggressiveness with poor prognosis, with a reported 5-year survival rate of less than 50%. Cases of brain and retroperitoneal metastases at the initial diagnosis have not yet been reported. We report a 41-year-old male patient initially diagnosed with MPP in the brain and retroperitoneum who underwent multi-disciplinary collaborative surgery and simultaneous removal of two tumors at our center. Postoperative pathology revealed infiltrative growth of a skull base tumor. The patient chose to receive the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib as a targeted treatment. A 3-month follow-up after surgery showed that the patient recovered well without signs of metastasis or recurrence. We present multi-disciplinary surgery under similar circumstances for enhanced treatment and postoperative management. The patient demonstrates a favorable prognosis during postoperative follow-up, indicating that simultaneous multidisciplinary surgery may offer greater benefits for MPP patients."
9497,brain tumour,38327128,Role of c-Fos in DNA damage repair.,"c-Fos, a member of the immediate early gene, serves as a widely used marker of neuronal activation induced by various types of brain damage. In addition, c-Fos is believed to play a regulatory role in DNA damage repair. This paper reviews the literature on c-Fos' involvement in the regulation of DNA damage repair and indicates that genes of the Fos family can be induced by various forms of DNA damage. In addition, cells lacking c-Fos have difficulties in DNA repair. c-Fos is involved in tumorigenesis and progression as a proto-oncogene that maintains cancer cell survival, which may also be related to DNA repair. c-Fos may impact the repair of DNA damage by regulating the expression of downstream proteins, including ATR, ERCC1, XPF, and others. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms necessitate further exploration."
9498,brain tumour,38327094,Lymphocyte-Activation Gene 3 Facilitates Pathological Tau Neuron-to-Neuron Transmission.,"The spread of prion-like protein aggregates is a common driver of pathogenesis in various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related Tauopathies. Tau pathologies exhibit a clear progressive spreading pattern that correlates with disease severity. Clinical observation combined with complementary experimental studies has shown that Tau preformed fibrils (PFF) are prion-like seeds that propagate pathology by entering cells and templating misfolding and aggregation of endogenous Tau. While several cell surface receptors of Tau are known, they are not specific to the fibrillar form of Tau. Moreover, the underlying cellular mechanisms of Tau PFF spreading remain poorly understood. Here, it is shown that the lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (Lag3) is a cell surface receptor that binds to PFF but not the monomer of Tau. Deletion of Lag3 or inhibition of Lag3 in primary cortical neurons significantly reduces the internalization of Tau PFF and subsequent Tau propagation and neuron-to-neuron transmission. Propagation of Tau pathology and behavioral deficits induced by injection of Tau PFF in the hippocampus and overlying cortex are attenuated in mice lacking Lag3 selectively in neurons. These results identify neuronal Lag3 as a receptor of pathologic Tau in the brain，and for AD and related Tauopathies, a therapeutic target."
9499,brain tumour,38326875,"IDHwt glioblastomas can be stratified by their transcriptional response to standard treatment, with implications for targeted therapy.",Glioblastoma (GBM) brain tumors lacking IDH1 mutations (IDHwt) have the worst prognosis of all brain neoplasms. Patients receive surgery and chemoradiotherapy but tumors almost always fatally recur.
9500,brain tumour,38326861,IGFBP3 induces PD-L1 expression to promote glioblastoma immune evasion.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) characterized by immune escape is the most malignant primary brain tumors, which has strong immunosuppressive effect. Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is a recognized immunosuppressive member on the surface of tumor cells, and plays a crucial role in immune evasion of tumors. Actually, little is known about the regulation of PD-L1 expression in GBM. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) is upregulated in GBM and is related to poor patient prognosis. However, it remains unclear whether IGFBP3 plays a role in the regulation of PD-L1 expression in GBM."
9501,brain tumour,38326813,"Dosimetric evaluation of LINAC-based single-isocenter multi-target multi-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery with more than 20 targets: comparing MME, HyperArc, and RapidArc.",To compare the dosimetric quality of three widely used techniques for LINAC-based single-isocenter multi-target multi-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (fSRS) with more than 20 targets: dynamic conformal arc (DCA) in BrainLAB Multiple Metastases Elements (MME) module and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) using RapidArc (RA) and HyperArc (HA) in Varian Eclipse.
9502,brain tumour,38326790,Unique case of lymphocytic hypophysitis with normal pituitary hormone serology mimicking a non-functioning pituitary adenoma.,"Lymphocytic hypophysitis is a rare autoimmune condition that usually presents during pregnancy and causes inflammation of the pituitary gland. Although the pathophysiology is not well understood, it often presents with headaches, visual disturbances, and symptoms of hypopituitarism. However, not all cases may present with hypopituitarism which can make this rare disease with an incidence of ~ 1 in 9 million much more difficult to diagnose."
9503,brain tumour,38326661,Treatment outcome of IDH1/2 wildtype CNS WHO grade 4 glioma histologically diagnosed as WHO grade II or III astrocytomas.,Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1/2 wildtype (wt) astrocytomas formerly classified as WHO grade II or III have significantly shorter PFS and OS than IDH mutated WHO grade 2 and 3 gliomas leading to a classification as CNS WHO grade 4. It is the aim of this study to evaluate differences in the treatment-related clinical course of these tumors as they are largely unknown.
9504,brain tumour,38326533,Fast Real-Time Brain Tumor Detection Based on Stimulated Raman Histology and Self-Supervised Deep Learning Model.,"In intraoperative brain cancer procedures, real-time diagnosis is essential for ensuring safe and effective care. The prevailing workflow, which relies on histological staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for tissue processing, is resource-intensive, time-consuming, and requires considerable labor. Recently, an innovative approach combining stimulated Raman histology (SRH) and deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) has emerged, creating a new avenue for real-time cancer diagnosis during surgery. While this approach exhibits potential, there exists an opportunity for refinement in the domain of feature extraction. In this study, we employ coherent Raman scattering imaging method and a self-supervised deep learning model (VQVAE2) to enhance the speed of SRH image acquisition and feature representation, thereby enhancing the capability of automated real-time bedside diagnosis. Specifically, we propose the VQSRS network, which integrates vector quantization with a proxy task based on patch annotation for analysis of brain tumor subtypes. Training on images collected from the SRS microscopy system, our VQSRS demonstrates a significant speed enhancement over traditional techniques (e.g., 20-30 min). Comparative studies in dimensionality reduction clustering confirm the diagnostic capacity of VQSRS rivals that of CNN. By learning a hierarchical structure of recognizable histological features, VQSRS classifies major tissue pathological categories in brain tumors. Additionally, an external semantic segmentation method is applied for identifying tumor-infiltrated regions in SRH images. Collectively, these findings indicate that this automated real-time prediction technique holds the potential to streamline intraoperative cancer diagnosis, providing assistance to pathologists in simplifying the process."
9505,brain tumour,38326438,Clinical and molecular study of radiation-induced gliomas.,"In this study, we provide a comprehensive clinical and molecular biological characterization of radiation-induced gliomas (RIG), including a risk assessment for developing gliomas. A cohort of 12 patients who developed RIG 9.5 years (3-31 years) after previous cranial radiotherapy for brain tumors or T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia was established. The derived risk of RIG development based on our consecutive cohort of 371 irradiated patients was 1.6% at 10 years and 3.02% at 15 years. Patients with RIG glioma had a dismal prognosis with a median survival of 7.3 months. We described radiology features that might indicate the suspicion of RIG rather than the primary tumor recurrence. Typical molecular features identified by molecular biology examination included the absence of Histon3 mutation, methylation profile of pedHGG-RTK1 and the presence of recurrent PDGFRA amplification and CDKN2A/B deletion. Of the two long-term surviving patients, one had gliomatosis cerebri, and the other had pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with BRAF V600E mutation. In summary, our experience highlights the need for tissue diagnostics to allow detailed molecular biological characterization of the tumor, differentiation of the secondary tumor from the recurrence of the primary disease and potentially finding a therapeutic target."
9506,brain tumour,38326384,Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) reduces apoptosis and improves neurological function after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by modulating microglia inflammation.,"Indole-3-carbinol(I3C) is a tumor chemopreventive substance that can be extracted from cruciferous vegetables. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the cerebral protective effects of I3C in an in vivo rats model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). 8-10 Week-Old male SD rat received I3C (150 mg/kg, once daily) for 3 days and underwent 3 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion. The results showed that I3C pretreatment (150 mg/kg, once daily) prevented CIRI-induced cerebral infarction in rats. I3C pretreatment also decreased the mRNA expression levels of several apoptotic proteins, including Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9, by increasing the mRNA expression levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Inhibited apoptosis in the brain cells of MCAO rats. In addition, we found that I3C pretreatment reduced neuronal loss, promoted neurological recovery after ischemia-reperfusion injury and increased seven-day survival in MCAO rats. I3C pretreatment also significantly reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA in ischemic brain tissue; Increased expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA. At the same time, I3C pretreatment significantly decreased the expression of the M1 microglial marker IBA1 after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and increased the expression of these results in the M2 microglial marker CD206. I3C pretreatment also significantly decreased apoptosis and death of HAPI microglial cells after hypoxia induction, decreased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA The expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNAs was increased. These results suggest that I3C protects the brain from CIRI by regulating the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of microglia."
9507,brain tumour,38326377,An open relaxation-diffusion MRI dataset in neurosurgical studies.,"Diffusion MRI (dMRI) is a safe and noninvasive technique that provides insight into the microarchitecture of brain tissue. Relaxation-diffusion MRI (rdMRI) is an extension of traditional dMRI that captures diffusion imaging data at multiple TEs to detect tissue heterogeneity between relaxation and diffusivity. rdMRI has great potential in neurosurgical research including brain tumor grading and treatment response evaluation. However, the lack of available data has limited the exploration of rdMRI in clinical settings. To address this, we are sharing a high-quality rdMRI dataset from 18 neurosurgical patients with different types of lesions, as well as two healthy individuals as controls. The rdMRI data was acquired using 7 TEs, where at each TE multi-shell dMRI with high spatial and angular resolutions is obtained at each TE. Each rdMRI scan underwent thorough artifact and distortion corrections using a specially designed processing pipeline. The dataset's quality was assessed using standard practices, including quality control and assurance. This resource is a valuable addition to neurosurgical studies, and all data are openly accessible."
9508,brain tumour,38326109,Primary intracranial DICER1-mutant sarcoma: A case report.,No abstract found
9509,brain tumour,38326058,[Effect of growth hormone supplementation on liver and lung function in patients with hypopituitarism].,"To analyze the clinical features of patients with anterior hypopituitarism (HP) complicated with cirrhosis, and to explore the effects of growth hormone supplementation on liver and lung function. A total of 11 patients with HP complicated with cirrhosis admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2016 to December 2022 were included in the study, including 8 males and 3 females, aged ["
9510,brain tumour,38325925,A deep convolutional neural network for the automatic segmentation of glioblastoma brain tumor: Joint spatial pyramid module and attention mechanism network.,"This study proposes a deep convolutional neural network for the automatic segmentation of glioblastoma brain tumors, aiming sat replacing the manual segmentation method that is both time-consuming and labor-intensive. There are many challenges for automatic segmentation to finely segment sub-regions from multi-sequence magnetic resonance images because of the complexity and variability of glioblastomas, such as the loss of boundary information, misclassified regions, and subregion size. To overcome these challenges, this study introduces a spatial pyramid module and attention mechanism to the automatic segmentation algorithm, which focuses on multi-scale spatial details and context information. The proposed method has been tested in the public benchmarks BraTS 2018, BraTS 2019, BraTS 2020 and BraTS 2021 datasets. The Dice score on the enhanced tumor, whole tumor, and tumor core were respectively 79.90 %, 89.63 %, and 85.89 % on the BraTS 2018 dataset, respectively 77.14 %, 89.58 %, and 83.33 % on the BraTS 2019 dataset, and respectively 77.80 %, 90.04 %, and 83.18 % on the BraTS 2020 dataset, and respectively 83.48 %, 90.70 %, and 88.94 % on the BraTS 2021 dataset offering performance on par with that of state-of-the-art methods with only 1.90 M parameters. In addition, our approach significantly reduced the requirements for experimental equipment, and the average time taken to segment one case was only 1.48 s; these two benefits rendered the proposed network intensely competitive for clinical practice."
9511,brain tumour,38325705,Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy as an Alternative Therapeutic Option for Radiation-Induced Necrosis Following Radiotherapy for Intracranial Pathologies.,"Radiotherapy (RT) is a feasible adjuvant therapeutic option for managing intracranial pathologies. One of the late complications of RT that frequently develops within months following RT is radiation necrosis (RN). Corticosteroids are the first-line therapeutic option for RNs; however, in case of unfavorable outcomes or intolerability, several other options, including bevacizumab, laser interstitial thermal therapy, surgery, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Our goal was to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of the application of HBOT in RNs following RT and help physicians make decisions based on the latest data in the literature."
9512,brain tumour,38325586,Exposure of human glioblastoma cells to thimerosal inhibits the thioredoxin system and decreases tumor growth-related factors.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common, aggressive, and fatal primary malignant brain tumor in adults. The therapeutic efficacy of temozolomide (TMZ) is limited owing to frequent treatment resistance. The latter is in part related to the overexpression of redox systems such as the thioredoxin system. This system is fundamental for cell survival and proliferation, regulating hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) activity, in turn controlling vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is indispensable for tumor invasiveness, angiogenesis and microenvironment maintenance. HIF-1α can also be regulated by the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), an oncogene stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. The thioredoxin system has several known inhibitors including mercury compounds such as Thimerosal (TmHg) which readily crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and accumulates in the brain. Though previously used in various applications epidemiological evidence on TmHg's neurotoxicity is lacking. The objective of this study was to verify whether thimerosal is a suitable candidate for hard repurposing to control glioblastoma; therefore, the effects of this molecule were evaluated in human GBM (U87) cells. Our novel results show that TmHg decreased cellular viability (>50%) and migration (up to 90% decrease in wound closure), reduced thioredoxin reductase (TrxR/TXNRD1) and thioredoxin (Trx) activity, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Moreover, TmHg reduced HIF-1α expression (35%) as observed by immunofluorescence. Co-exposure of U87 cells to TmHg and TMZ reduced HIF-1α, VEGF, and phosphorylated STAT3. Consequently, TmHg alone or combined with chemotherapeutic drugs can reduce neoangiogenesis and ameliorate glioblastoma progression and treatment."
9513,brain tumour,38325563,"Type I interferons, inflammation, and fatigue in a longitudinal RNA study of women with breast cancer.","Fatigue is a common side effect of cancer and its treatment and is thought to be driven in part by activation of the proinflammatory cytokine network. However, the cellular and molecular underpinnings of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) have not been determined, nor have immune pathways beyond inflammation been carefully investigated. The goal of this study was to examine the association between CRF and activation of canonical proinflammatory gene regulation pathways and Type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathways in breast cancer patients during and after treatment."
9514,brain tumour,38325551,Computational Pathology for Prediction of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Gene Mutation from Whole Slide Images in Adult Patients with Diffuse Glioma.,"Isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (IDH) mutation is one of the most important molecular markers of glioma. Accurate detection of IDH status is a crucial step for integrated diagnosis of adult-type diffuse gliomas. Herein, a clustering-based hybrid of a convolutional neural network and a vision transformer deep learning model was developed to detect IDH mutation status from annotation-free hematoxylin and eosin-stained whole slide pathologic images of 2275 adult patients with diffuse gliomas. For comparison, a pure convolutional neural network, a pure vision transformer, and a classic multiple-instance learning model were also assessed. The hybrid model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.973 in the validation set and 0.953 in the external test set, outperforming the other models. The hybrid model's ability in IDH detection between difficult subgroups with different IDH status but shared histologic features, achieving areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranging from 0.850 to 0.985 in validation and test sets. These data suggest that the proposed hybrid model has a potential to be used as a computational pathology tool for preliminary rapid detection of IDH mutation from whole slide images in adult patients with diffuse gliomas."
9515,brain tumour,38325272,The role of DRP1 mediated mitophagy in HT22 cells apoptosis induced by silica nanoparticles.,"Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are widely used in the biomedical field and can enter the central nervous system through the blood-brain barrier, causing damage to hippocampal neurons. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear. In this experiment, HT22 cells were selected as the experimental model in vitro, and the survival rate of cells under the action of SiNPs was detected by MTT method, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were tested by the kit, the ultrastructure of the cells was observed by transmission electron microscope, membrane potential (MMP), calcium ion (Ca"
9516,brain tumour,38325141,A gain of function mutation in AKT1 increases hexokinase 2 and diminishes oxidative stress in meningioma.,"Increasing evidence suggests the oncogenic role of missense mutation (AKT1-E17K) of AKT1 gene in meningiomas. Upon investigating the connection between the pro-tumorigenic role of AKT1-E17K and cellular metabolic adaptations, elevated levels of glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2) was observed in meningioma patients with AKT1-E17K compared to patients harboring wild-type AKT1. In vitro experiments also suggested higher HK2 levels and its activity in AKT1-E17K cells. Treatment with the conventional drug of choice AZD5363 (a pan AKT inhibitor) enhanced cell death and diminished HK2 levels in AKT1 mutants. Given the role of AKT phosphorylation in eliciting inflammatory responses, we observed increased levels of inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL6, IL8, and TLR4) in AKT1-E17K cells compared to AKT1-WT cells. Treatment with AKT or HK2 inhibitors dampened the heightened levels of inflammatory markers in AKT1-E17K cells. As AKT and HK2 regulates redox homeostasis, diminished ROS generation concomitant with increased levels of NF-E2- related factor 2 (Nrf2) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) were observed in AKT1-E17K cells. Increased sensitivity of AKT1-E17K cells to AZD5363 in the presence of HK2 inhibitor Lonidamine was reversed upon treatment with ROS inhibitor NAC. By affecting metabolism, inflammation, and redox homeostasis AKT1-E17K confers a survival advantage in meningioma cells. Our findings suggest that targeting AKT-HK2 cross-talk to induce ROS-dependent cell death could be exploited as novel therapeutic approach in meningiomas."
9517,brain tumour,38324942,Hemangioblastoma and arteriovenous malformation in the same patient: a not random association or two isolated entities? Systematic review starting from a unique case.,"The association between intracranial hemangioblastomas and arteriovenous malformations has been documented in very few cases in literature since 1965 and might present in three modalities: ""intermixed, adjacent and separated (spatially and temporally)"". Often, the pattern of presentation is ""intermixed"". According to our systematic review, we propose an adjustment of the previous classification, specifically for these entities. We describe the first case of a truly ""spatially separated"" association between these two lesions."
9518,brain tumour,38324744,Overall Survival From the EORTC LCG-1613 APPLE Trial of Osimertinib Versus Gefitinib Followed by Osimertinib in Advanced ,
9519,brain tumour,38324550,PBX3 as a biomarker for the early diagnosis and prediction of prognosis of glioma.,"Increasing evidence have elucidated that PBX3 played a crucial role in cancer initiation and progression. PBX3 was differentially expressed in many cancer types. However, PBX3 potential involvement in gliomas remains to be explored."
9520,brain tumour,38324192,Converging survival trends in non-small cell lung cancer patients with and without brain metastasis receiving state-of-the-art treatment.,"Historically, patients with brain metastasis (BM) have been excluded from clinical trials investigating treatments for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) due to their unfavorable prognosis. Advanced treatments have increased survival prospects for NSCLC patients with BM. This study evaluated the life expectancy of NSCLC patients with and without BM in the context of contemporary treatments."
9521,brain tumour,38324181,Exosomal circZNF800 Derived from Glioma Stem-like Cells Regulates Glioblastoma Tumorigenicity via the PIEZO1/Akt Axis.,"Exosomes play a crucial role in regulating crosstalk between tumor and tumor stem-like cells through their cargo molecules. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently been demonstrated to be critical factors in tumorigenesis. This study focuses on the molecular mechanism by which circRNAs from glioma stem-like cell (GSLC) exosomes regulate glioblastoma (GBM) tumorigenicity. In this study, we validated that GSLC exosomes accelerated the malignant phenotype of GBM. Subsequently, we found that circZNF800 was highly expressed in GSLC exosomes and was negatively associated with GBM patients. CircZNF800 promoted GBM cell proliferation and migration and inhibited GBM cell apoptosis in vitro. Silencing circZNF800 could improve the GBM xenograft model survival rate. Mechanistic studies revealed that circZNF800 activated the PIEZO1/Akt signaling pathway by sponging miR-139-5p. CircZNF800 derived from GSLC exosomes promoted GBM cell tumorigenicity and predicted poor prognosis in GBM patients. CircZNF800 has the potential to serve as a promising target for further therapeutic exploration."
9522,brain tumour,38324045,Evaluating the Diagnostic Efficacy of ,
9523,brain tumour,38324029,[Neuro-oncology: challenges and perspectives].,No abstract found
9524,brain tumour,38323835,CycleSeg: Simultaneous synthetic CT generation and unsupervised segmentation for MR-only radiotherapy treatment planning of prostate cancer.,"MR-only radiotherapy treatment planning is an attractive alternative to conventional workflow, reducing scan time and ionizing radiation. It is crucial to derive the electron density map or synthetic CT (sCT) from MR data to perform dose calculations to enable MR-only treatment planning. Automatic segmentation of relevant organs in MR images can accelerate the process by preventing the time-consuming manual contouring step. However, the segmentation label is available only for CT data in many cases."
9525,brain tumour,38323316,Pattern recognition of microcirculation with super-resolution ultrasound imaging provides markers for early tumor response to anti-angiogenic therapy.,
9526,brain tumour,38323311,The combination of calreticulin-targeting L-ASNase and anti-PD-L1 antibody modulates the tumor immune microenvironment to synergistically enhance the antitumor efficacy of radiotherapy.,"Radiotherapy (RT) triggers immunogenic cell death (ICD). L-ASNase, which catalyzes the conversion of asparagine (Asn), thereby depleting it, is used in the treatment of blood cancers. In previous work, we showed that CRT3LP and CRT4LP, PASylated L-ASNases conjugated to the calreticulin (CRT)-specific monobodies CRT3 and CRT4, increase the efficacy of ICD-inducing chemotherapy. Here, we assessed their efficacy in tumor-bearing mice treated with RT. "
9527,brain tumour,38323285,A novel immunogenic cell death-related gene risk signature can identify biomarkers of gliomas and predict the immunotherapeutic response.,"Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of cell death that plays a pivotal role in immunity. Recent studies have identified the critical role of ICD in glioma treatment. This study aimed to use ICD-associated differentially expressed genes (ICD-DEGs) to predict survival of glioma patients. We investigated the relationship between clinical prognosis and the date-to-clinical prognosis of 1,721 glioma patients by examining the expression, methylation, and mutation status of ICD-related genes (IRGs) in these patients. Our prediction of survival in glioma patients was based on three risk genes, and we explored the association between these genes and clinical outcomes. Additionally, IRG expression was used to stratify glioma patients. We further examined the relationship among the three subgroups in terms of immune microenvironment heterogeneity and immunotherapy response. In addition, this study also included analyses of histograms and sensitivity to antitumor drugs. The expression of these genes was externally validated by RT-qPCR, Western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in glioma and normal brain tissue. Our findings reveal that most IRGs are overexpressed in glioma tumor tissues, and this high expression was confirmed through histological validation. We successfully developed predictive models for three prognostic genes associated with ICD. These models not only predict survival in glioma but also correlate with the tumor's immune microenvironment. Finally, using consensus clustering, we identified three ICD-associated subtypes. Notably, patients with the C3 subtype showed high levels of immune cell infiltration, whereas those with the C1 subtype exhibited lower levels of immune cell infiltration. We successfully developed an innovative IRG-based systematic approach for evaluating glioma patients. This stratification in experimental studies opens new avenues for prognosis and assessing immunotherapy responses in glioma patients. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach in treating glioma, potentially paving the way for more promising and effective therapeutic strategies in the future."
9528,brain tumour,38323268,The Blood-Brain Barrier: Implications for Experimental Cancer Therapeutics.,"The blood-brain barrier is critically important for the treatment of both primary and metastatic cancers of the central nervous system (CNS). Clinical outcomes for patients with primary CNS tumors are poor and have not significantly improved in decades. As treatments for patients with extracranial solid tumors improve, the incidence of CNS metastases is on the rise due to suboptimal CNS exposure of otherwise systemically active agents. Despite state-of-the art surgical care and increasingly precise radiation therapy, clinical progress is limited by the ability to deliver an effective dose of a therapeutic agent to all cancerous cells. Given the tremendous heterogeneity of CNS cancers, both across cancer subtypes and within a single tumor, and the range of diverse therapies under investigation, a nuanced examination of CNS drug exposure is needed. With a shared goal, common vocabulary, and interdisciplinary collaboration, the field is poised for renewed progress in the treatment of CNS cancers."
9529,brain tumour,38322729,Simulating photodynamic therapy for the treatment of glioblastoma using Monte Carlo radiative transport.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a rare but deadly form of brain tumor with a low median survival rate of 14.6 months, due to its resistance to treatment. An independent simulation of the INtraoperative photoDYnamic therapy for GliOblastoma (INDYGO) trial, a clinical trial aiming to treat the GBM resection cavity with photodynamic therapy (PDT) via a laser coupled balloon device, is demonstrated."
9530,brain tumour,38322469,Inetetamab combined with pyrotinib and chemotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer brain metastasis: A case report.,"Breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) is an advanced breast disease that is difficult to treat and is associated with a high risk of death. Patient prognosis is usually poor, with reduced quality of life. In this context, we report the case of a patient with HER-2-positive BCBM treated with a macromolecular mAb (inetetamab) combined with a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)."
9531,brain tumour,38322416,MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 is associated with poor prognosis of glioma patients and immune inhibition in glioma.,"An effective therapeutic method to noticeably improve the prognosis of glioma patients has not been developed thus far. MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2) is a serine/threonine kinase, which is involved in tumorigenesis, tumor growth, metastasis, and the inflammatory process. The clinical significance and molecular function of MAPKAPK2 in glioma remain unclear."
9532,brain tumour,38322343,"Erratum: Author correction to ""Cascade two-stage tumor re-oxygenation and immune re-sensitization mediated by self-assembled albumin-sorafenib nanoparticles for enhanced photodynamic immunotherapy"" [Acta Pharm Sin B (2022) 4204-4223].",[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.07.023.].
9533,brain tumour,38322283,Effectiveness and safety of the bevacizumab and erlotinib combination ,"The EGFR gene encodes a protein that stimulates molecular pathways that allow the growth and development of the tumor microenvironment. The current preferred tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for the first-line treatment of EGFRm metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is osimertinib. However, the combination of angiogenesis inhibitors and TKI has produced discordant results. We aimed to assess the effects of the bevacizumab and erlotinib combination in EGFRm metastatic NSCLC."
9534,brain tumour,38322156,"Cloning, distribution, and effects of growth regulation of MC3R and MC4R in red crucian carp (","Melanocortin-3 and -4 receptors (MC3R and MC4R), G protein-coupled receptors, play vital roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis. To understand the functions of "
9535,brain tumour,38322121,The homeoprotein HOXB2 limits triple-negative breast carcinogenesis via extracellular matrix remodeling.,"Homeobox genes and their encoded DNA-binding homeoproteins are master regulators of development. Consequently, these homeotic elements may regulate key steps in cancer pathogenesis. Here, using a combination of "
9536,brain tumour,38321856,Glioblastoma epigenomics discloses a complex biology and potential therapeutic targets.,"<p>Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly aggressive form of brain tumors, has been extensively studied using OMICS methods, and the most characteristic molecular determinants have been incorporated into the histopathological diagnosis. Research data, nevertheless, only partially have been adopted in clinical practice. Here we aimed to present results of our epige&shy;no&shy;mic GBM profiling to better understand early and late determinants of these tumors, and to share main elements of our findings with practicing professionals.</p>."
9537,brain tumour,38321773,Progress of studies on natural products for glioblastoma therapy.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common, malignant, and lethal primary brain tumor in adults. Up to now, the chemotherapy approaches for GBM are limited. Therefore, more studies on identifying and exploring new chemotherapy drugs or strategies overcome the GBM are essential. Natural products are an important source of drugs against various human diseases including cancers. With the better understanding of the molecular etiology of GBM, the development of new anti-GBM drugs has been increasing. Here, we summarized recent researches of natural products for the GBM therapy and their potential mechanisms in details, which will provide new ideas for the research on natural products and promote developing drugs from nature products for GBM therapy."
9538,brain tumour,38321548,Lumbar clear cell meningioma mimicking schwannoma 7 years after resection of the same type of intracranial tumor: a case report.,"Meningioma is the second most common intradural extramedullary tumor, following schwannoma. Meningioma is primarily categorized as benign World Health Organization grade 1, but clear cell meningioma is grade 2 of the intermediate malignant category. Clear cell meningiomas are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all meningioma tumors. There is no previous report of multiple intraspinal clear cell meningiomas without dural attachment."
9539,brain tumour,38321326,A systematic review of the impact of brain tumours on risk of motor vehicle crashes.,"Brain tumours are associated with neurocognitive impairments that are important for safe driving. Driving is vital to maintaining patient autonomy, despite this there is limited research on driving capacity amongst patients with brain tumours. The purpose of this review is to examine MVC risk in patients with brain tumours to inform development of clearer driving guidelines."
9540,brain tumour,38321255,Intramedullary spinal cord tumors in pediatric patients presenting later with brain lesions: case series and systematic review of the literature.,"Intramedullary spinal cord tumors are an uncommon pathology in adults and children. Most descriptive studies of intramedullary spinal cord tumors have not focused on a possible association with future brain lesions. To the best of our knowledge, few reports describe this potential relationship. This is one of the most extensive case series of secondary brain lesions of intramedullary spinal cord tumors in the pediatric population."
9541,brain tumour,38321173,Systematic pan-cancer analyses of the potential function of the Golgi scaffold protein PAQR3.,"Progesterone and AdipoQ Receptor 3 (PAQR3) is a member of the AdipoQ receptor. Our previous studies have found that PAQR3 plays a role as a candidate inhibitor in cardiac adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, but the systematic analysis of PAQR3 in tumors is currently lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic and therapeutic value of PAQR3 in 31 tumors. Through the analysis of TCGA, UALCAN, GEO, GEPIA2, TIMER, Kaplan-Meier plotter, TISIDB and other databases, it was found that the expression level of PAQR3 changed significantly in different tumor types, and the expression level of Neuroblastoma was very high. And the level of Prostate adenocarcinoma is low. In addition, the expression level of PAQR3 in Cholangiocarcinoma, Esophageal carcinoma, Head and neck squamous carcinoma, Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Lung Adenocarcinoma and Lung squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. However, the expression level of PAQR3 in Breast Cancer, Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma, Kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, Prostate Adenocarcinoma, Rectum Adenocarcinoma, Thyroid Cancer and Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma was lower than that in normal tissues. Subsequently, we explored the value of PAQR3 as a prognostic indicator of cancer. In Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Lower-grade Glioma and Glioblastoma, Pediatric Low-grade Gliomas, Kidney Chromophobe, and Thyroid Cancer, PAQR3 expression was positively correlated with OS and DSS, while in Rectum Adenocarcinoma, PAQR3 expression was negatively correlated with OS. PAQR3 high expression group Lower-grade Glioma and Glioblastoma, Pediatric Low-grade Gliomas, Uveal Melanoma, Kidney Chromophobe and DFI were positively correlated. PAQR3 can be used as a risk factor for the prognosis of multiple tumors. Then, we discussed the correlation between PAQR3 and immunology, and found that PAQR3 has a wide range of mutations in various tumor types, the most common mutation type is missense mutation, and common mutation types also include amplification, depth deletion, splicing, truncation and structural variation. Among the tumor samples with PAQR3 alterations, mutation occurred in all tumor samples except prostate adenocarcinoma and adrenal cortical carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, brain low-grade glioma, and kidney clear cell carcinoma, while esophageal adenocarcinoma had the highest total alteration frequency. PAQR3 was strongly associated with CNV in 18 tumors, particularly in Ovarian cancer, Lung squamous cell carcinoma, and Adenoid cystic carcinoma. On the other hand, PAQR3 has a higher SNV frequency in Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma, Skin Cutaneous Melanoma and Lung Adenocarcinoma, among which Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma has the highest SNV frequency. These results showed that PAQR3 expression levels were significantly correlated with tumor mutation load, microsatellite instability, neoantigens, and purity. In summary, PAQR3 can affect the tumor microenvironment and has potential for chemotherapy. Finally, we investigated the role of PAQR3 in tumor resistance and found that the expression of PAQR3 affects the efficacy of multiple chemotherapy drugs. Based on these studies, we found that PAQR3 plays an important role in cancer and has potential in tumor diagnosis and prognosis."
9542,brain tumour,38320988,A clinically applicable connectivity signature for glioblastoma includes the tumor network driver CHI3L1.,"Tumor microtubes (TMs) connect glioma cells to a network with considerable relevance for tumor progression and therapy resistance. However, the determination of TM-interconnectivity in individual tumors is challenging and the impact on patient survival unresolved. Here, we establish a connectivity signature from single-cell RNA-sequenced (scRNA-Seq) xenografted primary glioblastoma (GB) cells using a dye uptake methodology, and validate it with recording of cellular calcium epochs and clinical correlations. Astrocyte-like and mesenchymal-like GB cells have the highest connectivity signature scores in scRNA-sequenced patient-derived xenografts and patient samples. In large GB cohorts, TM-network connectivity correlates with the mesenchymal subtype and dismal patient survival. CHI3L1 gene expression serves as a robust molecular marker of connectivity and functionally influences TM networks. The connectivity signature allows insights into brain tumor biology, provides a proof-of-principle that tumor cell TM-connectivity is relevant for patients' prognosis, and serves as a robust prognostic biomarker."
9543,brain tumour,38320683,Hyperactive lateral habenula mediates the comorbidity between rheumatoid arthritis and depression-like behaviors.,"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have a high prevalence for depression. On the other hand, comorbid with depression is associated with worse prognosis for RA. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms for the comorbidity between RA and depression. It remains to be elucidated which brain region is critically involved in the development of depression in RA, and whether alterations in the brain may affect pathological development of RA symptoms. Here, by combining clinical and animal model studies, we show that in RA patients, the level of depression is significantly correlated with the severity of RA disease activity and affects patients' quality of life. The collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) mouse model of RA also develops depression-like behaviors, accompanied by hyperactivity and alterations in gene expression reflecting cerebrovascular disruption in the lateral habenula (LHb), a brain region critical for processing negative valence. Importantly, inhibition of the LHb not only alleviates depression-like behaviors, but also results in rapid remission of RA symptoms and amelioration of RA-related pathological changes. Together, our study highlights a critical but previously overlooked contribution of hyperactive LHb to the comorbidity between RA and depression, suggesting that targeting LHb in conjunction with RA treatments may be a promising strategy for RA patients comorbid with depression."
9544,brain tumour,38320682,Activating astrocytic α2A adrenoceptors in hippocampus reduces glutamate toxicity to attenuate sepsis-associated encephalopathy in mice.,"Glutamate metabolism disorder is an important mechanism of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Astrocytes regulate glutamate metabolism. In septic mice, α2A adrenoceptor (α2A-AR) activation in the central nervous system provides neuroprotection. α2A-ARs are expressed abundantly in hippocampal astrocytes. This study was performed to determine whether hippocampal astrocytic α2A-AR activation confers neuroprotection against SAE and whether this protective effect is astrocyte specific and achieved by the modulation of glutamate metabolism."
9545,brain tumour,38320629,Basic Transcription Factor 3 Like 4 Enhances Malignant Phenotypes through Modulating Tumor Cell Function and Immune Microenvironment in Glioma.,"Recent investigations into the tumor microenvironment have provided insights into the limited response of glioma progression to immunotherapy. However, the specific involvement of basic transcription factor 3 like 4 (BTF3L4) in glioma progression and its correlation with immune cell infiltration remain areas of uncertainty that require further exploration. In the current study, BTF3L4 expression was delineated by using gene expression profiling/interactive analysis and multiplex-immunohistologic staining of tissue microarrays. The prognostic value of BTF3L4 was then assessed by using Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier methods, and in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate how BTF3L4 protein affects the proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities of glioma cells. Furthermore, the CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE methods were used to quantify immune cells that correlate to BTF3L4 expression, and multiplex-immunohistologic staining was applied to investigate its correlation with infiltrated immune cells in glioma tissues. These findings revealed higher BTF3L4 expression in glioma tissues compared with non-tumor brain tissues, which correlated with clinical characteristics and worse patient prognosis. Furthermore, the down-regulation of BTF3L4 protein in the glioma cell line had a detrimental effect on cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. In addition, the association between BTF3L4 and key immune molecules in glioma, particularly with the infiltration of CD66B"
9546,brain tumour,38320430,Trastuzumab deruxtecan in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer brain metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) has shown promising results in patients with breast cancer brain metastases (BCBMs). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of T-DXd in the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive BCBM population.
9547,brain tumour,38320212,Pediatric tectal glioma presented with acute hydrocephalus and ventriculomegaly. Two case reports.,"Tectal gliomas represent a subset of low-grade tumors that arise in the tectal region at the roof of the brainstem. Symptoms of tectal glioma include those caused by increased intracranial pressure due to obstructive hydrocephalus. Headache, blurred vision, double vision, nausea and vomiting are common symptoms. In the treatment, ETV (endoscopic third ventriculostomy) or VP-shunt (ventriculoperitoneal) can be applied to treat hydrocephalus. Tectal gliomas are usually diagnosed in childhood and often occur in adults. They are often benign, slowly progressing lesions; outpatient clinical and radiological follow- up is sufficient. We present two cases of pediatric patients with mesencephalic tectal plate tumors. An 11-year-old boy and a 15-year-old girl applied to the Emergency Department with different complaints. The 11 year-old-boy was treated with VP-shunt due to acute hydrocephalus."
9548,brain tumour,38320209,Brain-Decellularized ECM-Based 3D Myeloid Sarcoma Platform: Mimicking Adaptive Phenotypic Alterations in the Brain.,"Leukemia circulates in the bloodstream and induces various symptoms and complications. Occasionally, these cells accumulate in non-marrow tissues, forming a tumor-like myeloid sarcoma (MS). When the blast-stage leukemia cells invade the brain parenchyma, intracranial MS occurs, leading to a challenging prognosis owing to the limited penetration of cytostatic drugs into the brain and the development of drug resistance. The scarcity of tissue samples from MS makes understanding the phenotypic changes occurring in leukemia cells within the brain environment challenging, thereby hindering development of effective treatment strategies for intracranial MS. This study presents a novel 3D in vitro model mimicking intracranial MS, employing a hydrogel scaffold derived from the brain-decellularized extracellular matrix in which suspended leukemia cells are embedded, simulating the formation of tumor masses in the brain parenchyma. This model reveals marked phenotypic changes in leukemia cells, including altered survival, proliferation, differentiation, and cell cycle regulation. Notably, proportion of dormant leukemia stem cells increases and expression of multidrug resistance genes is upregulated, leading to imatinib resistance, mirroring the pathological features of in vivo MS tissue. Furthermore, suppression of ferroptosis is identified as an important characteristic of intracranial MS, providing valuable insights for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies."
9549,brain tumour,38320163,Validation of a Salivary miRNA Signature of Endometriosis - Interim Data.,"BACKGROUND: The discovery of a saliva-based micro–ribonucleic acid (miRNA) signature for endometriosis in 2022 opened up new perspectives for early and noninvasive diagnosis of the disease. The 109-miRNA saliva signature is the product of miRNA biomarkers and artificial intelligence (AI) modeling. We designed a multicenter study to provide external validation of its diagnostic accuracy. We present here an interim analysis. METHODS: The first 200 patients included in the multicenter prospective ENDOmiRNA Saliva Test study (NCT05244668) were included for interim analysis. The study population comprised women from 18 to 43 years of age with a formal diagnosis of endometriosis or with suspected endometriosis. Epidemiologic, clinical, and saliva sequencing data were collected between November 2021 and March 2022. Genomewide miRNA expression profiling by small RNA sequencing using next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed, and a random forest algorithm was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS: In this interim analysis of the external validation cohort, with a population prevalence of 79.5%, the 109-miRNA saliva diagnostic signature for endometriosis had a sensitivity of 96.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 93.7 to 97.3%), specificity of 95.1% (95% CI, 85.2 to 99.1%), positive predictive value of 95.1% (95% CI, 85.2 to 99.1%), negative predictive value of 86.7% (95% CI, 77.6 to 90.3%), positive likelihood ratio of 19.7 (95% CI, 6.3 to 108.8), negative likelihood ratio of 0.04 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.07), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.92 to 0.98). CONCLUSIONS: The use of NGS and AI in the sequencing and analysis of miRNA provided a saliva-based miRNA signature for endometriosis. Our interim analysis of a prospective multicenter external validation study provides support for its ongoing investigation as a diagnostic tool. (Funded by Ziwig and the Conseil Régional d’Ile de France [Grant EX024087]; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05244668.)"
9550,brain tumour,38319732,PI3K/mTOR is a therapeutically targetable genetic dependency in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.,"Diffuse midline glioma (DMG), including tumors diagnosed in the brainstem (diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma; DIPG), are uniformly fatal brain tumors that lack effective treatment. Analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function gene deletion screens identified PIK3CA and MTOR as targetable molecular dependencies across patient derived models of DIPG, highlighting the therapeutic potential of the blood-brain barrier-penetrant PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitor, paxalisib. At the human-equivalent maximum tolerated dose, mice treated with paxalisib experienced systemic glucose feedback and increased insulin levels commensurate with patients using PI3K inhibitors. To exploit genetic dependence and overcome resistance while maintaining compliance and therapeutic benefit, we combined paxalisib with the antihyperglycemic drug metformin. Metformin restored glucose homeostasis and decreased phosphorylation of the insulin receptor in vivo, a common mechanism of PI3K-inhibitor resistance, extending survival of orthotopic models. DIPG models treated with paxalisib increased calcium-activated PKC signaling. The brain penetrant PKC inhibitor enzastaurin, in combination with paxalisib, synergistically extended the survival of multiple orthotopic patient-derived and immunocompetent syngeneic allograft models; benefits potentiated in combination with metformin and standard-of-care radiotherapy. Therapeutic adaptation was assessed using spatial transcriptomics and ATAC-Seq, identifying changes in myelination and tumor immune microenvironment crosstalk. Collectively, this study has identified what we believe to be a clinically relevant DIPG therapeutic combinational strategy."
9551,brain tumour,38319566,Genetically Encoded Reporters to Monitor Hypoxia.,"Hypoxia resulting from an imbalance of oxygen availability and consumption defines a metabolic cellular state with a profound impact on developmental processes, tissue maintenance, and the development of pathologies. Fluorescence imaging using genetically encoded reporters enables hypoxia and oxygen imaging with cellular resolution. Thereby unrestricted visualization of hypoxic cells and regions essentially relies on the availability of oxygen-independent fluorescent proteins like UnaG, isolated from the Japanese freshwater eel. Here, we describe the application of recently developed members of a UnaG-based hypoxia reporter family to visualize oxygenation patterns by in vitro live-cell imaging and during the ex vivo analysis of intracranial xenografted tumors. Thus, the generation of stably transfected transgenic tumor cell lines, the in vitro calibration of the genetically encoded sensors, the surgical procedures for orthotopic xenografting of tumors in mice, and workflows for the respective sample preparation and microscopy are outlined."
9552,brain tumour,38319555,Local administration of irinotecan using an implantable drug delivery device stops high-grade glioma tumor recurrence in a glioblastoma tumor model.,"The treatment for Glioblastoma is limited due to the presence of the blood brain barrier, which restricts the entry of chemotherapeutic drugs into the brain. Local delivery into the tumor resection margin has the potential to improve efficacy of chemotherapy. We developed a safe and clinically translatable irinotecan implant for local delivery to increase its efficacy while minimizing systemic side effects. Irinotecan-loaded implants were manufactured using hot melt extrusion, gamma sterilized at 25 kGy, and characterized for their irinotecan content, release, and drug diffusion. Their therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in a patient-derived xenograft mouse resection model of glioblastoma. Their safety and translatability were evaluated using histological analysis of brain tissue and serum chemistry analysis. Implants containing 30% and 40% w/w irinotecan were manufactured without plasticizer. The 30% and 40% implants showed moderate local toxicity up to 2- and 6-day post-implantation. Histopathology of the implantation site showed signs of necrosis at days 45 and 14 for the 30% and 40% implants. Hematological analysis and clinical chemistry showed no signs of serious systemic toxicity for either implant. The 30% implants had an 80% survival at day 148, with no sign of tumor recurrence. Gamma sterilization and 12-month storage had no impact on the integrity of the 30% implants. This study demonstrates that the 30% implants are a promising novel treatment for glioblastoma that could be quickly translated into the clinic."
9553,brain tumour,38319496,Whole-exome sequencing reveals genetic variants that may play a role in neurocytomas.,"Neurocytomas (NCs) are rare intracranial tumors that can often be surgically resected. However, disease course is unpredictable in many patients and medical therapies are lacking. We have used whole exome sequencing to explore the molecular etiology for neurocytoma and assist in target identification to develop novel therapeutic interventions."
9554,brain tumour,38319484,Survival and neurological outcomes following management of intramedullary spinal metastasis patients: a case series with comprehensive review of the literature.,"Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis (ISCM), though rare, represents a potentially debilitating manifestation of systemic cancer. With emerging advances in cancer care, ISCMs are increasingly being encountered in clinical practice. Herein, we describe one of the larger retrospective single institutional case series on ISCMs, analyze survival and treatment outcomes, and review the literature. All surgically evaluated ISCMs at our institution between 2005 and 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, tumor features, treatment, and clinical outcome characteristics were collected. Neurological function was quantified via the Frankel grade and the McCormick score (MCS). The pre- and post-operative Karnofsky performance scores (KPS) were used to assess functional status. Descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, log-rank test, and the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed. A total of 9 patients were included (median age 67 years (range, 26-71); 6 were male). Thoracic and cervical spinal segments were most affected (4 patients each). Six patients (75%) underwent surgical management (1 biopsy and 5 resections), and 3 cases underwent chemoradiation only. Post-operatively, 2 patients had an improvement in their neurological exam with one patient becoming ambulatory after surgery; three patients maintained their neurological exam, and 1 had a decline. There was no statistically significant difference in the pre- and post-operative MCS and median KPS scores in surgically treated patients. Median OS after ISCM diagnosis was 7 months. Absence of brain metastasis, tumor histology (renal and melanoma), cervical/thoracic location, and post-op KPS ≥ 70 showed a trend toward improved overall survival. The incidence of ISCM is increasing, and earlier diagnosis and treatment are considered key for the preservation of neurological function. When patient characteristics are favorable, surgical resection of ISCM can be considered in patients with rapidly progressive neurological deficits. Surgical treatment was not associated with an improvement in overall survival in patients with ISCMs."
9555,brain tumour,38319482,"Restraint stress-induced effects on learning, memory, cognition, and expression of transcripts in different brain regions of mice.","Stress is one of the prevalent factors influencing cognition. Several studies examined the effect of mild or chronic stress on cognition. However, most of these studies are limited to a few behavioral tests or the expression of selected RNA/proteins markers in a selected brain region."
9556,brain tumour,38319368,The role of preoperative MRI in endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal hypophysectomy of pituitary adenoma.,"The trans-sphenoidal approach, commonly used for removing pituitary adenomas, has become a widely accepted and successful method. In recent years, the endoscopic trans-sphenoidal technique has emerged as a minimally invasive surgical approach for pituitary adenoma removal. The majority of pituitary adenomas exhibit a soft consistency and can be successfully extracted with aspiration and curettage using the trans-sphenoidal approach. However, a subset of around 5-15% of these adenomas possess a solid and fibrous texture. The occurrence of firm and fibrous adenomas is relatively common; unfortunately, there are no reliable predictors to identify them preoperatively."
9557,brain tumour,38319162,Brain Tumor Imaging without Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents: Feasible or Fantasy?,"Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) form the cornerstone of current primary brain tumor MRI protocols at all stages of the patient journey. Though an imperfect measure of tumor grade, GBCAs are repeatedly used for diagnosis and monitoring. In practice, however, radiologists will encounter situations where GBCA injection is not needed or of doubtful benefit. Reducing GBCA administration could improve the patient burden of (repeated) imaging (especially in vulnerable patient groups, such as children), minimize risks of putative side effects, and benefit costs, logistics, and the environmental footprint. On the basis of the current literature, imaging strategies to reduce GBCA exposure for pediatric and adult patients with primary brain tumors will be reviewed. Early postoperative MRI and fixed-interval imaging of gliomas are examples of GBCA exposure with uncertain survival benefits. Half-dose GBCAs for gliomas and T2-weighted imaging alone for meningiomas are among options to reduce GBCA use. While most imaging guidelines recommend using GBCAs at all stages of diagnosis and treatment, non-contrast-enhanced sequences, such as the arterial spin labeling, have shown a great potential. Artificial intelligence methods to generate synthetic postcontrast images from decreased-dose or non-GBCA scans have shown promise to replace GBCA-dependent approaches. This review is focused on pediatric and adult gliomas and meningiomas. Special attention is paid to the quality and real-life applicability of the reviewed literature."
9558,brain tumour,38318849,The Significance of the Redox Gene in the Prognosis and Therapeutic Response of Glioma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal adult central nervous system tumor. Due to its high heterogeneity, the survival rate and prognosis of patients are poor. Thousands of people die of this disease every year all over the world. At present, the treatment of GBM is mainly through surgical resection and the combination of later drugs, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. An abnormal redox system is involved in the malignant progression and treatment tolerance of glioma, which is the main reason for poor survival and prognosis. The construction of a GBM redox-related prognostic model may be helpful in improving the redox immunotherapy and prognosis of GBM."
9559,brain tumour,38318816,Metabolic regulation of innate immunity in cancer immunotherapy.,No abstract found
9560,brain tumour,38318805,Drug clinical trials on high-grade gliomas: challenges and hopes.,No abstract found
9561,brain tumour,38318486,Gross motor proficiency deficits among children and adolescents post posterior fossa brain tumor removal vs. traumatic brain injury in the chronic phase of recovery: a cross-sectional study.,"Acquired brain injury (ABI) is a prevalent diagnosis in pediatric rehabilitation. Gross motor skills are often affected by ABI and limit the ability to participate in various physical activities. However, as ABI injury location is diverse, children and adolescents (youth) with localized ABI, such as ABI in the posterior fossa (ABI-PF) may present unique and different motor disabilities than youth with ABI on account of traumatic brain injury (TBI)."
9562,brain tumour,38318325,Pediatric low-grade glioma models: advances and ongoing challenges.,"Pediatric low-grade gliomas represent the most common childhood brain tumor class. While often curable, some tumors fail to respond and even successful treatments can have life-long side effects. Many clinical trials are underway for pediatric low-grade gliomas. However, these trials are expensive and challenging to organize due to the heterogeneity of patients and subtypes. Advances in sequencing technologies are helping to mitigate this by revealing the molecular landscapes of mutations in pediatric low-grade glioma. Functionalizing these mutations in the form of preclinical models is the next step in both understanding the disease mechanisms as well as for testing therapeutics. However, such models are often more difficult to generate due to their less proliferative nature, and the heterogeneity of tumor microenvironments, cell(s)-of-origin, and genetic alterations. In this review, we discuss the molecular and genetic alterations and the various preclinical models generated for the different types of pediatric low-grade gliomas. We examined the different preclinical models for pediatric low-grade gliomas, summarizing the scientific advances made to the field and therapeutic implications. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of the various models. This review highlights the importance of preclinical models for pediatric low-grade gliomas while noting the challenges and future directions of these models to improve therapeutic outcomes of pediatric low-grade gliomas."
9563,brain tumour,38318180,The immunological landscape of peripheral blood in glioblastoma patients and immunological consequences of age and dexamethasone treatment.,"Glioblastomas manipulate the immune system both locally and systemically, yet, glioblastoma-associated changes in peripheral blood immune composition are poorly studied. Age and dexamethasone administration in glioblastoma patients have been hypothesized to limit the effectiveness of immunotherapy, but their effects remain unclear. We compared peripheral blood immune composition in patients with different types of brain tumor to determine the influence of age, dexamethasone treatment, and tumor volume."
9564,brain tumour,38318004,Animal models of brain and spinal cord metastases of NSCLC established using a brain stereotactic instrument.,Animal models of brain and spinal cord metastases of non-small cell lung cancer were established through the intracranial injection of PC-9 Luc cells with a brain stereotaxic device. This method provides a reliable modeling method for studying brain and spinal cord metastases of non-small cell lung cancer.
9565,brain tumour,38317520,Enhanced translocation of TRIM32 to mitochondria sensitizes dopaminergic neuronal cells to apoptosis during stress conditions in Parkinson's disease.,"Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of dopamine-producing neurons from the substantia nigra region of the brain. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the major causes of oxidative stress and neuronal cell death in PD. E3 ubiquitin ligases such as Parkin (PRKN) modulate mitochondrial quality control in PD; however, the role of other E3 ligases associated with mitochondria in the regulation of neuronal cell death in PD has not been explored. The current study investigated the role of TRIM32, RING E3 ligase, in sensitization to oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis. The expression of TRIM32 sensitizes SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells to rotenone and 6-OHDA-induced neuronal death, whereas the knockdown increased cell viability under PD stress conditions. The turnover of TRIM32 is enhanced under PD stress conditions and is mediated by autophagy. TRIM32 translocation to mitochondria is enhanced under PD stress conditions and localizes on the outer mitochondrial membrane. TRIM32 decreases complex-I assembly and activity as well as mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP levels under PD stress. Deletion of the RING domain of TRIM32 enhanced complex I activity and rescued ROS levels and neuronal viability under PD stress conditions. TRIM32 decreases the level of XIAP, and co-expression of XIAP with TRIM32 rescued the PD stress-induced cell death and mitochondrial ROS level. In conclusion, turnover of TRIM32 increases during stress conditions and translocation to mitochondria is enhanced, regulating mitochondrial functions and neuronal apoptosis by modulating the level of XIAP in PD."
9566,brain tumour,38317493,Central Nervous System Dissemination of Solitary Sporadic Supratentorial Hemangioblastoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.,"We report a patient with whole neuroaxis dissemination of a sporadic supratentorial hemangioblastoma (HB) for more than 15 years. A 68-year-old female patient presented with severe radiating pain in the right leg. Gadolinium-enhanced lumbar spine MRI showed an intradural mass (2.5 cm in diameter) at the L4 level. The patient had been severely disabled for 22 years after a previous intraventricular brain tumor resection. At that time, the diagnosis was angioblastic meningioma, which was thought to be incorrect. At 14 years after the brain surgery, gamma knife radiosurgery was performed three times for newly developed or recurred supratentorial and infratentorial tumors in the cerebrospinal fluid pathway. The patient underwent lumbar spinal surgery, and a gross total removal of the mass was performed, which confirmed the histopathological diagnosis of HB. We reexamined the old histopathological specimen of the intraventricular tumor from 20 years ago and changed the diagnosis from angioblastic meningioma to supratentorial HB. Six months after spinal surgery, the patient underwent a second spinal surgery and brain surgery, and the histopathological diagnosis was HB following both surgeries, which was the same following the first spinal surgery. Here, we report a sporadic supratentorial HB patient who showed cranial and spinal disseminations for more than two decades along with a literature review."
9567,brain tumour,38317492,Awake Surgery for Angiocentric Glioma in the Eloquent Area in an Adolescent: A Case Report.,"Angiocentric glioma (AG) is an extremely rare tumor that often develops in adolescents. Awake surgery for AG occurring in the eloquent area has not been reported to date. We report a case involving a right-handed 15-year-old boy with AG. He presented with a first-time generalized tonic-clonic seizure and was rushed to the local hospital. CT of the head indicated a left frontal low-density mass with no calcification. He was subsequently referred to our hospital. Comparison with a CT scan obtained two years prior due to mild head trauma indicated that the lesion showed a trend toward enlargement. The lesion was located in the anterior and lateral portions of the primary motor cortex, and MRI showed homogenous hypointensity on T1-weighted and hyperintensity on T2-weighted images. Contrast-enhanced MRI showed a linear contrast effect. The patient underwent awake surgery with successful intraoperative brain mapping and total resection, and brain function was preserved. Pathological analysis revealed AG. He returned to his normal life and has shown no recurrence without additional treatment for 2 years. Thus, awake surgery for complete tumor resection while preserving brain function is effective and safe even in adolescents with AGs."
9568,brain tumour,38317491,Lynch Syndrome-Associated Glioblastoma Treated With Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Case Report and Review of Literature.,"Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes and is also known to be associated with glioblastomas. The efficacy of immunotherapy for LS-associated glioblastomas remains unknown. Herein, we report a rare case of LS-associated glioblastoma, treated with chemotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). A 41-year-old female patient presented with headaches and sensory disturbances in the right upper limb for 6 weeks. She had been treated for rectal cancer and had a family history of LS. MRI revealed two ring-enhancing lesions in the left precentral gyrus. She underwent subtotal resection, leading to a pathological diagnosis of isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type glioblastoma. She received daily administration of (temozolomide, 75 mg/m²) and concurrent radiotherapy (60 Gy) postoperatively. However, the tumor recurred 1 year after the initial treatment. A molecular genetic study showed high microsatellite instability (MSI), and she was treated with pembrolizumab therapy. Disease progression occurred despite six cycles of pembrolizumab therapy and radiotherapy at the dose of 40 Gy. She died due to glioblastoma progression 19 months after the initial treatment. The present case demonstrates that some LS-associated glioblastomas may be resistant to ICI despite high MSI, possibly because of intratumor heterogeneity related to MMR deficiency."
9569,brain tumour,38317490,Intracranial Involvement of Systemic Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.,"A 27-year-old male patient, previously diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), presented with gait disturbance. Brain MRI showed a 4.5 cm mass lesion in the right occipital lobe, suggesting either intracranial involvement of HL or a potential meningioma. Despite high-dose methotrexate and steroid treatment, the patient's symptoms persisted, and imaging showed an enlarging mass, leading to surgical intervention. Histopathological examination confirmed central nervous system (CNS) involvement of HL. Postoperatively, the patient underwent whole-brain radiotherapy and demonstrated marked clinical improvement. Our literature review from 1980 to 2023 identified only 46 cases of intracranial HL (IC-HL), underscoring its rarity. Lymphomas represent 2.2% of brain tumors, with 90%-95% being diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In contrast, the incidence of CNS-HL patients is a mere 0.02%. Notably, IC-HL and intracranial DLBCL have differences in their typical locations and treatment strategies. Unlike DLBCL, which predominantly appears in the supratentorial region (87%), IC-HL is found there in 61.5% of cases. Additionally, 33.3% of IC-HL cases occur in the cerebellum, with 43.5% associated with posterior circulation regions. Furthermore, while biopsy followed by chemotherapy induction is a common strategy for DLBCL, 81.8% of IC-HL cases underwent surgical resection, and only 18.1% had a biopsy alone. The distinct characteristics of IC-HL tumors, including their larger size, attachment to the dura, and fibrotic nature with clear boundaries, might account for the preference for surgical intervention. The unique features of IC-HL compared to DLBCL highlight the need for distinct considerations in diagnosis and management."
9570,brain tumour,38317489,Spontaneous Regression of Glioma-Mimicking Brainstem Lesion in a Child: A Case Report.,"Differential diagnosis of focal brainstem lesions detected on MRI is challenging, especially in young children. Formerly, brainstem gliomas were classified mainly based on MRI features and location. However, since 2016, the World Health Organization's brainstem lesion classification requires tissue biopsy to reveal molecular characteristics. Although modern techniques of stereotactic or navigation-guided biopsy ensure accurate biopsy of the lesion with safety, biopsy of brainstem lesions is still generally not performed. Here, we report a focal brainstem lesion mimicking brainstem glioma in a 9-year-old girl. Initial MRI, MR spectroscopy, and "
9571,brain tumour,38317488,Temporal Analysis of Postoperative Outcomes With or Without Intraoperative Motor Evoked Potentials and Somatosensory Evoked Potentials Monitoring for Intracranial Meningioma Surgery.,This study aimed to retrospectively assess results of intracranial meningioma surgery with or without intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) in a single institution.
9572,brain tumour,38317487,Suggestion of Follow-Up Period in Nonfunctioning Pituitary Incidentaloma Based on MRI Characteristics.,"For patients diagnosed with asymptomatic, non-functional pituitary incidentaloma (PI), periodic follow-up is generally proposed. However, the recommended follow-up period differs among existing guidelines and consensus is lacking. Thus, this study aimed to suggest follow-up periods for PI based on MRI characteristics."
9573,brain tumour,38317486,Comprehensive Molecular Genetic Analysis in Glioma Patients by Next Generation Sequencing.,"Glioma is caused by multiple genomic alterations. The evolving classification of gliomas emphasizes the significance of molecular testing. Next generation sequencing (NGS) offers the assessment of parallel combinations of multiple genetic alterations and identifying actionable mutations that guide treatment. This study comprehensively analyzed glioma patients using multi-gene NGS panels, providing powerful insights to inform diagnostic classification and targeted therapies."
9574,brain tumour,38317485,Clinical Practice Guidelines for Brain Metastasis From Solid Tumors.,"With advancements in systemic cancer therapies, the incidence and diagnosis of brain metastases (BMs) have increased, necessitating updated clinical practice guidelines. There also were developments in neurosurgical and radiotherapeutic modalities for intracranial lesions, as well as advances in immune and targeted therapies for BMs of systemic cancers. Recently, the ASCO-SNO-ASTRO and EANO-ESMO have published clinical guidelines for BMs from solid tumors. The ASCO-SNO-ASTRO guidelines, published in 2021, underwent a systematic literature review and critical evaluation by their Expert Panel, addressing the key questions in various therapies such as surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy for the recommendations. Similarly, the EANO-ESMO guidelines, also published in 2021, involved a selection of relevant literature by expert authors, with final references confirmed through consensus, focusing on prevention, diagnosis, therapy, and follow-up. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent clinical practice guidelines for BMs from solid tumors, based on these two recently developed guidelines."
9575,brain tumour,38317484,Basics for Pediatric Brain Tumor Imaging: Techniques and Protocol Recommendations.,"This review provides an overview of the current state of pediatric brain tumor imaging, emphasizing the role of various imaging sequences and highlighting the advantages of standardizing protocols for pediatric brain tumor imaging in diagnosis and treatment response evaluation. Basic anatomical sequences such as pre- and post-contrast 3D T1-weighted, T2-weighted, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, T2*-weighted, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), are fundamental for assessing tumor location, extent, and characteristics. Advanced techniques like DWI, diffusion tensor imaging, perfusion imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional MRI offer insights into cellularity, vascularity, metabolism, and function. To enhance consistency and quality, standardized protocols for pediatric brain tumor imaging have been recommended by expert groups. Special considerations for pediatric patients, including the minimization of anesthesia exposure and gadolinium contrast agent usage, are essential to ensure patient safety and comfort. Staying up-to-date with diagnostic imaging techniques can contribute to improved communication, outcomes, and patient care in the field of pediatric neurooncology."
9576,brain tumour,38317094,A real-world cohort study of first-line afatinib in patients with EGFR-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer in Vietnam.,This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of first-line afatinib treatment in a real-world setting in Vietnam.
9577,brain tumour,38317082,M1 cholinergic signaling in the brain modulates cytokine levels and splenic cell sub-phenotypes following cecal ligation and puncture.,"The contribution of the central nervous system to sepsis pathobiology is incompletely understood. In previous studies, administration of endotoxin to mice decreased activity of the vagus anti-inflammatory reflex. Treatment with the centrally-acting M1 muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor (M1AChR) attenuated this endotoxin-mediated change. We hypothesize that decreased M1AChR-mediated activity contributes to inflammation following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), a mouse model of sepsis."
9578,brain tumour,38316730,Uncovering brain functional connectivity disruption patterns of lung cancer-related pain.,"Pain is a pervasive symptom in lung cancer patients during the onset of the disease. This study aims to investigate the connectivity disruption patterns of the whole-brain functional network in lung cancer patients with cancer pain (CP+). We constructed individual whole-brain, region of interest (ROI)-level functional connectivity (FC) networks for 50 CP+ patients, 34 lung cancer patients without pain-related complaints (CP-), and 31 matched healthy controls (HC). Then, a ROI-based FC analysis was used to determine the disruptions of FC among the three groups. The relationships between aberrant FCs and clinical parameters were also characterized. The ROI-based FC analysis demonstrated that hypo-connectivity was present both in CP+ and CP- patients compared to HC, which were particularly clustered in the somatomotor and ventral attention, frontoparietal control, and default mode modules. Notably, compared to CP- patients, CP+ patients had hyper-connectivity in several brain regions mainly distributed in the somatomotor and visual modules, suggesting these abnormal FC patterns may be significant for cancer pain. Moreover, CP+ patients also showed increased intramodular and intermodular connectivity strength of the functional network, which could be replicated in cancer stage IV and lung adenocarcinoma. Finally, abnormal FCs within the prefrontal cortex and somatomotor cortex were positively correlated with pain intensity and pain duration, respectively. These findings suggested that lung cancer patients with cancer pain had disrupted connectivity in the intrinsic brain functional network, which may be the underlying neuroimaging mechanisms."
9579,brain tumour,38316705,Adverse radiation effect versus tumor progression following stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases: Implications of radiologic uncertainty.,Adverse radiation effect (ARE) following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases is challenging to distinguish from tumor progression. This study characterizes the clinical implications of radiologic uncertainty (RU).
9580,brain tumour,38316692,Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as adjunct for planning laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) near eloquent structures.,"LITT is a minimally-invasive laser ablation technique used to treat a wide variety of intracranial lesions. Difficulties performing intraoperative mapping have limited its adoption for lesions in/near eloquent regions. In this institutional case series, we demonstrate the utility of fMRI-adjunct planning for LITT near language or motor areas. Six out of 7 patients proceeded with LITT after fMRI-based tractography determined adequate safety margins for ablation. All underwent successful ablation without new or worsening postoperative symptoms requiring adjuvant corticosteroids, including those with preexisting deficits. fMRI is an easily accessible adjunct which may potentially reduce chances of complications in LITT near eloquent structures."
9581,brain tumour,38316675,Correlation between choroid plexus carcinoma and Li-Fraumeni syndrome: implications of TP53 mutations and management strategies-a case-based narrative review.,"Choroid plexus carcinomas (CPCs) are rare, aggressive grade 3 tumors of the central nervous system associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) in a notable percentage of cases due to TP53 germline mutations. Understanding the correlation between CPCs and LFS is crucial for tailored management strategies. However, distinguishing CPCs from benign choroid plexus papillomas (CPPs) remains challenging, relying largely on histologic features. This study aimed to explore the association between CPCs and LFS, emphasizing the impact of TP53 mutations on diagnosis, treatment, and clinical outcomes."
9582,brain tumour,38316626,Single-cell sequencing reveals the immune landscape of breast cancer patients with brain metastasis.,"Breast cancer has the highest incidence rate of cancer worldwide, and brain metastases (BrM) are among the most malignant cases. While some patients have benefited from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the complex anatomical structure of the brain and the heterogeneity of metastatic tumors have made it difficult to characterize the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) of metastatic tumors."
9583,brain tumour,38316409,A 24-year-old woman with a recurrent intracranial mass.,No abstract found
9584,brain tumour,38316010,Altered functional connectivity in default mode network maintains attention task performance in school-age children with frontal lobe tumor.,"This study examines functional brain network changes in children with frontal lobe tumors (FLT). Ten pediatric FLT patients from Beijing Tiantan Hospital and 20 healthy children were compared in terms of cognitive performance and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) connectivity. The FLT group showed lower cognitive performance, particularly in visual and working memory domains, but had comparable attention abilities to the healthy controls. There were notable differences in connectivity between the default mode network (DMN) and sensorimotor network (SMN) in both groups. The FLT group also displayed a significant reduction in local efficiency in the left lateral parietal area within the DMN. Importantly, reduced DMN-SMN connections and increased DMN-lateral prefrontal cortex connectivity may facilitate maintaining attention and memory tasks in FLT children. This study sheds light on how the brains of children with FLT adapt, preserving ""normal"" attention functions despite frontal lobe damage."
9585,brain tumour,38315990,Laser interstitial thermal therapy as a radiation-sparing approach for central nervous system tumors in children with cancer predisposition syndromes: report of a child with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Illustrative case.,"Ionizing radiation and alkylating chemotherapies increase secondary malignancy risk in patients with cancer predisposition syndromes (CPSs), such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive ablation technique that has not been associated with mutagenic risks. We describe the case of a child with LFS and a history of treated choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) who developed a second primary glial tumor that was safely treated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided LITT."
9586,brain tumour,38315988,Expression of Concern: Therapeutic Efficacy and Fate of Bimodal Engineered Stem Cells in Malignant Brain Tumors.,No abstract found
9587,brain tumour,38315981,Expression of Concern: Combination of Systemic Chemotherapy with Local Stem Cell Delivered S-TRAIL in Resected Brain Tumors.,No abstract found
9588,brain tumour,38315584,Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation Boosted by Monomodal Normal Brain Images.,"Many deep learning based methods have been proposed for brain tumor segmentation. Most studies focus on deep network internal structure to improve the segmentation accuracy, while valuable external information, such as normal brain appearance, is often ignored. Inspired by the fact that radiologists often screen lesion regions with normal appearance as reference in mind, in this paper, we propose a novel deep framework for brain tumor segmentation, where normal brain images are adopted as reference to compare with tumor brain images in a learned feature space. In this way, features at tumor regions, i.e., tumor-related features, can be highlighted and enhanced for accurate tumor segmentation. It is known that routine tumor brain images are multimodal, while normal brain images are often monomodal. This causes the feature comparison a big issue, i.e., multimodal vs. monomodal. To this end, we present a new feature alignment module (FAM) to make the feature distribution of monomodal normal brain images consistent/inconsistent with multimodal tumor brain images at normal/tumor regions, making the feature comparison effective. Both public (BraTS2022) and in-house tumor brain image datasets are used to evaluate our framework. Experimental results demonstrate that for both datasets, our framework can effectively improve the segmentation accuracy and outperforms the state-of-the-art segmentation methods. Codes are available at https://github.com/hb-liu/Normal-Brain-Boost-Tumor-Segmentation."
9589,brain tumour,38315577,In Situ Mitochondrial Biomineralization for Drug-Free Cancer Therapy.,"The common clinical chemotherapy often brings serious side effects to patients, mainly due to the off-target and leakage of toxic drugs. However, this is fatal for some specific clinical tumors, such as brain tumors and neuroma. This study performs a drug-free approach by encapsulating black phosphorus (BP) and calcium peroxide (CaO"
9590,brain tumour,38315446,"Smart Nanoscale Extracellular Vesicles in the Brain: Unveiling their Biology, Diagnostic Potential, and Therapeutic Applications.","Information exchange is essential for the brain, where it communicates the physiological and pathological signals to the periphery and "
9591,brain tumour,38315352,Cross,"CT and MR are often needed to determine the location and extent of brain lesions collectively to improve diagnosis. However, patients with acute brain diseases cannot complete the MRI examination within a short time. The aim of the study is to devise a cross-device and cross-modal medical image synthesis (MIS) method Cross"
9592,brain tumour,38315329,Molecular Determinants of Neurocognitive Deficits in Glioma: Based on 2021 WHO Classification.,"Cognitive impairment is a common feature among patients with diffuse glioma. The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between preoperative cognitive function and clinical as well as molecular factors, firstly based on the new 2021 World Health Organization's updated classification of central nervous system tumors. A total of 110 diffuse glioma patients enrolled underwent preoperative cognitive assessments using the Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Clinical information was collected from medical records, and gene sequencing was performed to analyze the 18 most influenced genes. The differences in cognitive function between patients with and without glioblastoma were compared under both the 2016 and 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system to assess their effect of differentiation on cognition. The study found that age, tumor location, and glioblastoma had significant differences in cognitive function. Several genetic alterations were significantly correlated with cognition. Especially, IDH, CIC, and ATRX are positively correlated with several cognitive domains, while most other genes are negatively correlated. For most focused genes, patients with a low number of genetic alterations tended to have better cognitive function. Our study suggested that, in addition to clinical characteristics such as age, histological type, and tumor location, molecular characteristics play a crucial role in cognitive function. Further research into the mechanisms by which tumors affect brain function is expected to enhance the quality of life for glioma patients. This study highlights the importance of considering both clinical and molecular factors in the management of glioma patients to improve cognitive outcomes."
9593,brain tumour,38315285,Targeting MEK/COX-2 axis improve immunotherapy efficacy in dMMR colorectal cancer with PIK3CA overexpression.,"PIK3CA mutation or overexpression is associated with immunotherapy resistance in multiple cancer types, but is also paradoxically associated with benefit of COX-2 inhibition on patient survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) with mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR). This study examined whether and how PIK3CA status affected COX-2-mediated tumor inflammation and immunotherapy response of dMMR CRC."
9594,brain tumour,38314829,Cultivating Ex Vivo Patient-Derived Glioma Organoids Using a Tissue Chopper.,"Glioblastoma, IDH-wild type, CNS WHO grade 4 (GBM) is a primary brain tumor associated with poor patient survival despite aggressive treatment. Developing realistic ex vivo models remain challenging. Patient-derived 3-dimensional organoid (PDO) models offer innovative platforms that capture the phenotypic and molecular heterogeneity of GBM, while preserving key characteristics of the original tumors. However, manual dissection for PDO generation is time-consuming, expensive and can result in a number of irregular and unevenly sized PDOs. This study presents an innovative method for PDO production using an automated tissue chopper. Tumor samples from four GBM and one astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, CNS WHO grade 2 patients were processed manually as well as using the tissue chopper. In the manual approach, the tumor material was dissected using scalpels under microscopic control, while the tissue chopper was employed at three different angles. Following culture on an orbital shaker at 37 °C, morphological changes were evaluated using bright field microscopy, while proliferation (Ki67) and apoptosis (CC3) were assessed by immunofluorescence after 6 weeks. The tissue chopper method reduced almost 70% of the manufacturing time and resulted in a significantly higher PDOs mean count compared to the manually processed tissue from the second week onwards (week 2: 801 vs. 601, P = 0.018; week 3: 1105 vs. 771, P = 0.032; and week 4:1195 vs. 784, P < 0.01). Quality assessment revealed similar rates of tumor-cell apoptosis and proliferation for both manufacturing methods. Therefore, the automated tissue chopper method offers a more efficient approach in terms of time and PDO yield. This method holds promise for drug- or immunotherapy-screening of GBM patients."
9595,brain tumour,38314227,Beta-HCG Secretion by a Pulmonary Choriocarcinoma in a Male Patient.,Paraneoplastic secretion of beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (
9596,brain tumour,38313997,Intraventricular Meningioma: A Case Report of a Common Tumor in an Uncommon Location.,"Intraventricular meningiomas are uncommon neoplasms originating within the ventricular system of the brain, constituting a rare subset of central nervous system tumors. Their unique location poses diagnostic challenges, and understanding their clinical manifestations is imperative for effective management. We present the case of a 56-year-old female who sought medical attention due to persistent, severe headaches localized in the occipital region. Laboratory investigations demonstrated normal values for a complete blood count, electrolytes, and liver function tests. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-defined mass in the left occipital horn of the lateral ventricle, indicative of an intraventricular meningioma. Surgical resection of the intraventricular meningioma resulted in the resolution of the patient's headaches. This case contributes valuable insights into the diagnostic challenges posed by intraventricular meningiomas."
9597,brain tumour,38313911,Extensive Intracranial Meningioma With Dehiscences: A Case Report.,"This case report elucidates the clinical and surgical journey of a 62-year-old patient with a history of multiple comorbidities including a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) infection, presenting with temporospatial disorientation, bradypsychia, and bradyphasia, without motor deficits, diagnosed with sarcomatous meningioma and skull lysis. Amidst the complexities of managing primary brain tumors, this report underscores the significance of thorough morphopathological examination, while considering patient demographics and tumor localization in assessing the nature of the neoplasm. It highlights meningiomas as predominantly benign yet stemming from monoclonal proliferation, with their occurrence influenced by genetic predispositions and environmental factors such as ionizing radiation exposure. The intricate case details multiple surgical interventions necessitated by complications such as wound dehiscence and cerebrospinal fluid leaks, managed successfully through a tailored neurosurgical approach and meticulous postoperative care. This narrative reinforces the pivotal role of interdisciplinary collaboration, with substantial contributions from radiology, anesthesiology, intensive care, cardiology, infectious disease, and rehabilitation medicine in achieving favorable outcomes. The discussion contextualizes the patient's condition within the broader neurosurgical literature, reflecting on the prognostic factors associated with giant meningiomas and the impact of factors like age and tumor location on resection outcomes. The case also delves into the efficacy of Gamma Knife radiosurgery in long-term tumor control, drawing on retrospective analyses. In conclusion, the case report advocates for a nuanced, individualized treatment, where the integration of multiple disciplines and responsive management of postoperative complications is critical to patient recovery. The successful resolution of this patient's condition exemplifies the quintessential nature of interdisciplinary collaboration and highlights the potential for optimizing neurosurgical protocols in the context of complex patient profiles."
9598,brain tumour,38313893,Cranial Conundrum: An Unusual Case of an Epidermoid Cyst in the Prepontine Cistern.,"We present a fascinating case of a patient who suffered from persistent headaches for three months due to an epidermoid cyst located in the prepontine cistern. Epidermoid cysts are a very uncommon type of intracranial tumor, known for their slow growth and gradual onset of neurological symptoms. In this particular case, our patient, a 35-year-old, experienced a headache that was accompanied by dizziness, photophobia, and pain when moving their eyes. Further imaging revealed a cystic lesion in the prepontine cistern, which had a mass effect on the pons. After confirming the lesion was likely an epidermoid cyst through an MRI, the patient underwent surgery to have it removed. We hope to highlight the rarity of this type of tumor and its unique features when viewed through imaging."
9599,brain tumour,38313884,Liquid Biopsies for Monitoring Medulloblastoma: Circulating Tumor DNA as a Biomarker for Disease Progression and Treatment Response.,"Pediatric brain tumors, including medulloblastoma (MB), represent a significant challenge in clinical oncology. Early diagnosis, accurate monitoring of therapeutic response, and the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) are crucial for improving outcomes in these patients. This review aims to explore recent advancements in liquid biopsy techniques for monitoring pediatric brain tumors, with a specific focus on medulloblastoma. The primary research question is how liquid biopsy techniques can be effectively utilized for these purposes. Liquid biopsies, particularly the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), are investigated as promising noninvasive tools. This comprehensive review examines the components of liquid biopsies, including ctDNA, cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and microRNA (miRNA). Their applications in diagnosis, prognosis, and MRD assessment are critically assessed. The review also discusses the role of liquid biopsies in categorizing medulloblastoma subgroups, risk stratification, and the identification of therapeutic targets. Liquid biopsies have shown promising applications in the pediatric brain tumor field, particularly in medulloblastoma. They offer noninvasive means of diagnosis, monitoring treatment response, and detecting MRD. These biopsies have played a pivotal role in subgroup classification and risk stratification of medulloblastoma patients, aiding in the identification of therapeutic targets. However, challenges related to sensitivity and specificity are noted. In conclusion, this review highlights the growing importance of liquid biopsies, specifically ctDNA analysis in CSF, in pediatric brain tumor management, with a primary focus on medulloblastoma. Liquid biopsies have the potential to revolutionize patient care by enabling early diagnosis, accurate monitoring, and MRD detection. Nevertheless, further research is essential to validate their clinical utility fully. The evolving landscape of liquid biopsy applications underscores their promise in improving outcomes for pediatric brain tumor patients."
9600,brain tumour,38313803,Primary central nervous system post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a case report.,"Primary central nervous system, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in the cerebellopontine angle after an allogeneic stem cell transplantation has never been reported in the literature. Typically, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is non-polyploid. We report the first case of a patient with polyploid post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in the cerebellopontine angle who presented with back pain."
9601,brain tumour,38313636,Absence of enhancement in a lesion does not preclude primary central nervous system T-cell lymphoma: A case report.,"Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a non-Hodgkin lymphoma that originates in the central nervous system (CNS) and is exclusively limited to the CNS. Although most PCNSLs are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, primary CNS T-cell lymphomas (PCNSTLs) are rare. PCNSTLs typically demonstrate some degree of enhancement on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To the best of our knowledge, non-enhancing PCNSTL has not been reported previously."
9602,brain tumour,38313581,Knockdown of FOXO4 protects against OGD/R‑induced cerebral microvascular endothelial cell injury and regulates the AMPK/Nrf2/HO‑1 pathway through transcriptional activation of CTRP6.,"Cerebral ischemia is a type of cerebrovascular disease with high disability and mortality rates. The expression of forkhead box protein O4 (FOXO4) in the brain is increased following traumatic brain injury. To the best of our knowledge, however, the role of FOXO4 as well as its mechanism in cerebral ischemia has not been reported so far. For the establishment of an "
9603,brain tumour,38313282,Chromosome 7 to the rescue: overcoming chromosome 10 loss in gliomas.,"The co-occurrence of chromosome 10 loss and chromosome 7 gain in gliomas is the most frequent loss-gain co-aneuploidy pair in human cancers, a phenomenon that has been investigated without resolution since the late 1980s. Expanding beyond previous gene-centric studies, we investigate the co-occurrence in a genome-wide manner taking an evolutionary perspective. First, by mining large tumor aneuploidy data, we predict that the more likely order is 10 loss followed by 7 gain. Second, by analyzing extensive genomic and transcriptomic data from both patients and cell lines, we find that this co-occurrence can be explained by functional rescue interactions that are highly enriched on 7, which can possibly compensate for any detrimental consequences arising from the loss of 10. Finally, by analyzing transcriptomic data from normal, non-cancerous, human brain tissues, we provide a plausible reason why this co-occurrence happens preferentially in cancers originating in certain regions of the brain."
9604,brain tumour,38313277,Organ specific microenvironmental MR1 expression in cutaneous melanoma.,"The microenvironment is an important regulator of intertumoral trafficking and activity of immune cells. Understanding how the immune system can be tailored to maintain anti-tumor killing responses in metastatic disease remains an important goal. Thus, immune mediated eradication of metastasis requires the consideration of organ specific microenvironmental cues. Using a xenograft model of melanoma metastasis in adult zebrafish, we perturbed the dynamic balance between the infiltrating immune cells in the metastatic setting using a suite of different transgenic zebrafish. We employed intravital imaging coupled with metabolism imaging (FLIM) to visualize and map the organ specific metabolism with near simultaneity in multiple metastatic lesions. Of all the MHC complexes examined for brain and skeletal metastases, we determined that there is an organ specific expression of "
9605,brain tumour,38313265,Aurora Kinase A inhibition enhances DNA damage and tumor cell death with ,Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial pediatric solid tumor. 
9606,brain tumour,38313256,Invasion of glioma cells through confined space requires membrane tension regulation and mechano-electrical coupling via Plexin-B2.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant brain tumor with uncontrolled invasive growth. Here, we demonstrate how GBM cells usurp guidance receptor Plexin-B2 to gain biomechanical plasticity for polarized migration through confined space. Using live-cell imaging to track GBM cells negotiating microchannels, we reveal active endocytosis at cell front and filamentous actin assembly at rear to propel GBM cells through constrictions. These two processes are interconnected and governed by Plexin-B2 that orchestrates cortical actin and membrane tension, shown by biomechanical assays. Molecular dynamics simulations predict that balanced membrane and actin tension are required for optimal migratory velocity and consistency. Furthermore, Plexin-B2 mechanosensitive function requires a bendable extracellular ring structure and affects membrane internalization, permeability, phospholipid composition, as well as inner membrane surface charge. Together, our studies unveil a key element of membrane tension and mechanoelectrical coupling via Plexin-B2 that enables GBM cells to adapt to physical constraints and achieve polarized confined migration."
9607,brain tumour,38313176,Neuroprotective effects of Coenzyme Q10 in ischemia-reperfusion injury via inflammation and oxidative stress reduction in adult male rats.,"This study aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of coenzyme Q10 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced neuronal damage and explore the underlying mechanisms. Twenty-eight adult male rats, weighing approximately 200-300 grams, were randomly divided into four groups: the sham group (neck dissection without ischemia), the control group (30 minutes of bilateral common carotid artery ligation followed by one hour of reperfusion), the vehicle group (oral carboxymethylcellulose solution for seven days prior to bilateral common carotid artery ligation and reperfusion), and the treatment group (seven days of coenzyme Q10 pretreatment followed by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and reperfusion). Histopathological analysis and measurement of brain infarct size were performed, and cerebral levels of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, ICAM-1, NF-κB p65, and total antioxidant capacity were assessed. These cerebral tissue levels and cerebral infarct size were significantly elevated in the control and vehicle groups compared to the sham group. Conversely, the total antioxidant capacity was significantly reduced in these groups. Coenzyme Q10 treatment resulted in a significant increase in IL-10 and total antioxidant capacity levels, along with a significant decrease in IL-6, ICAM-1, TNF-α, and NF-κB p65 levels. Histopathological analysis revealed a significant reduction in ischemic damage in the coenzyme Q10-treated group. Coenzyme Q10 has neuroprotective properties in rats subjected to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, possibly through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects."
9608,brain tumour,38313003,Hibiscetin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-evoked memory impairment by inhibiting BDNF/caspase-3/NF-κB pathway in rodents.,"This study explores the neuroprotective potential of hibiscetin concerning memory deficits induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in rats. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of hibiscetin against LPS-injected memory deficits in rats. The behavioral paradigms were conducted to access LPS-induced memory deficits. Various biochemical parameters such as acetyl-cholinesterase activity, choline-acetyltransferase, antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, catalase), oxidative stress (malonaldehyde), and nitric oxide levels were examined. Furthermore, neuroinflammatory parameters such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and nuclear factor-kappa B expression and brain-derived neurotrophic factor as well as apoptosis marker "
9609,brain tumour,38312649,New progress in the treatment of diffuse midline glioma with H3K27M alteration.,"Diffuse midline glioma with H3K27 M alteration is a primary malignant tumor located along the linear structure of the brain, predominantly manifesting in children and adolescents. The mortality rate is exceptionally high, with a mere 1 % 5-year survival rate for newly diagnosed patients. Beyond conventional surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, novel approaches are imperative to enhance patient prognosis. This article comprehensively reviews current innovative treatment modalities and provides updates on the latest research advancements in preclinical studies and clinical trials focusing on H3K27M-altered diffuse midline glioma. The goal is to contribute positively to clinical treatment strategies."
9610,brain tumour,38312043,"Incidence of First-Episode Status Epilepticus and Risk Factors in Ontario, Canada.","Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency characterized by prolonged seizures. However, the incidence of first-episode SE is unclear, as estimates vary greatly among studies. Additionally, SE risk factors have been insufficiently explored. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to estimate the incidence of first-episode SE in Ontario, Canada, and estimate the associations between potential sociodemographic and health-related risk factors and first-episode SE."
9611,brain tumour,38311996,[Overcoming therapy resistance in prolactinomas: from perspectives to real clinical practice].,"The main treatment option of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas is dopamine agonist therapy, which demonstrates prolactin level normalizing and reducing the size of an adenoma in the majority of cases. However, significant amount of patients - about 20% - poorly responds even to high doses of dopamine agonists that is explained by the resistance to therapy. The occurrence of pharmacodynamic characteristics is one of the causes responsible for the development of resistance to typical therapy. Clinical manifestations of persistent hyperprolactinemia are due to following pathological factors: hormonal hypersecretion and the mass-effect of pituitary adenoma. Prevention of irreversible changes is possible only with timely detection of resistance and determination of the optimal personalized treatment algorithm.We report a clinical case of dopamine-agonist resistant microprolactinoma. Patient's health stabilisation, normal level of prolactin and reduction in size of adenoma were achieved due to administration of combined treatment with tamoxifen and dopamine agonists. Hyperprolactinaemia occurring because of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma and associated adverse effects are significant problem, decreasing quality of life and demographics in general. This underlines the importance of figuring out causes and identifying predictors of the therapy resistance.The results of the study, illustrated by a clinical example, are presented in the present paper."
9612,brain tumour,38311994,[Development of sarcoidosis after successful treatment of Cushing's disease].,"Cushing's disease is a rare severe neuroendocrine disorder caused by chronic overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone by a pituitary tumor. Supraphysiological concentrations of cortisol in endogenous hypercortisolism have an immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effect similar to therapy with systemic glucocorticosteroids. This may reduce the activity of the patient's concomitant autoimmune inflammatory diseases. On the other hand, a decrease in cortisol levels during treatment for Cushing's disease may be associated with a reactivation of the immune system that pose a risk of onset or recurrence of an autoimmune disorder. We present our own clinical case demonstrating the development of sarcoidosis after surgical treatment of Cushing's disease."
9613,brain tumour,38311852,Chimeric oncolytic adenovirus evades neutralizing antibodies from human patients and exhibits enhanced anti-glioma efficacy in immunized mice.,"Oncolytic viruses are a promising treatment for patients with high-grade gliomas, but neutralizing antibodies can limit their efficacy in patients with prior virus exposure or upon repeated virus injections. Data from a previous clinical trial using the oncolytic adenovirus Delta-24-RGD showed that generation of anti-viral neutralizing antibodies may affect the long-term survival of glioma patients. Past studies have examined the effects of neutralizing antibodies during systemic virus injections, but largely overlooked their impact during local virus injections into the brain. We found that immunoglobulins colocalized with viral proteins upon local oncolytic virotherapy of brain tumors, warranting a strategy to prevent virus neutralization and maximize oncolysis. Thus, we generated a chimeric virus, Delta-24-RGD-H43m, by replacing the capsid protein HVRs from the serotype 5-based Delta-24-RGD with those from the rare serotype 43. Delta-24-RGD-H43m evaded neutralizing anti-Ad5 antibodies and conferred a higher rate of long-term survival than Delta-24-RGD in glioma-bearing mice. Importantly, Delta-24-RGD-H43m activity was significantly more resistant to neutralizing antibodies present in sera of glioma patients treated with Delta-24-RGD during a phase 1 clinical trial. These findings provide a framework for a novel treatment of glioma patients that have developed immunity against Delta-24-RGD."
9614,brain tumour,38311828,"Clinical Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor (TSH PitNET): A Single-Center Experience.","Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (TSH PitNET) is a rare subtype of PitNET. We investigated the comprehensive characteristics and outcomes of TSH PitNET cases from a single medical center. Also, we compared diagnostic methods to determine which showed superior sensitivity."
9615,brain tumour,38311763,Clinical application of combination [,We assessed the value of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with [
9616,brain tumour,38311599,Abnormal amyloid precursor protein processing in periodontal tissue in a murine model of periodontitis induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis.,The study aimed to investigate the change of amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and amyloid β (Aβ) metabolites in linking periodontitis to Alzheimer's disease (AD).
9617,brain tumour,38311071,"The effects of orlistat on oxidative stress, recognition memory, spatial memory and hippocampal tissue in experimentally induced obesity in rats.","This study investigates the impact of orlistat on oxidative stress, spatial memory, recognition memory, and hippocampal tissue in obese rats. The study groups were divided into control, high fat diet-induced obese (HFDIO), HFDIO+orlistat (HFDIO+ORL) groups, each consisting of 8 animals. While control fed with standart diet, HFDIO and HFDIO+ORL fed with high-fat diets for 8 weeks to induce obesity. Then, ORL treated 10 mg/kg for 7 weeks, while control and HFDIO get water. At 16th week, novel object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were performed. TNF-alpha, IL-1beta levels in hippocampal tissue, and total/native thiol/disulphide levels in serum were measured. TNF-alpha level of HFDIO was higher than control, while lower in HFDIO+ORL compared to HFDIO as like IL-1beta level. On the contrary, serum total thiol level was lower in HFDIO than control and higher in HFDIO+ORL compared to the HFDIO, while disulphide level was opposite of the total thiol levels. While recognition index was higher in HFDIO+ORL, in MWM, latency of finding platform in HFDIO was higher than control and latency of HFDIO+ORL was very similar to control in 2-4 days. The HFDIO group demonstrated decrease in time spent in platform zone compared to control, whereas time spent of the HFDIO+ORL was higher than HFDIO. Our study demonstrates that orlistat administration exerts beneficial effects on oxidative stress, spatial memory, recognition memory, and hippocampal tissue in obese rats. It shows that orlistat may have potential therapeutic implications for obesity-related cognitive impairments and hippocampal dysfunction."
9618,brain tumour,38311053,Dual inhibition of CYP17A1 and HDAC6 by abiraterone-installed hydroxamic acid overcomes temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma through inducing DNA damage and oxidative stress.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and treatment-resistant brain tumor, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we present a mechanistic breakthrough by designing and evaluating a series of abiraterone-installed hydroxamic acids as potential dual inhibitors of CYP17A1 and HDAC6 for GBM treatment. We established the correlation of CYP17A1/HDAC6 overexpression with tumor recurrence and temozolomide resistance in GBM patients. Compound 12, a dual inhibitor, demonstrated significant anti-GBM activity in vitro, particularly against TMZ-resistant cell lines. Mechanistically, compound 12 induced apoptosis, suppressed recurrence-associated genes, induced oxidative stress and initiated DNA damage response. Furthermore, molecular modeling studies confirmed its potent inhibitory activity against CYP17A1 and HDAC6. In vivo studies revealed that compound 12 effectively suppressed tumor growth in xenograft and orthotopic mouse models without inducing significant adverse effects. These findings highlight the potential of dual CYP17A1 and HDAC6 inhibition as a promising strategy for overcoming treatment resistance in GBM and offer new hope for improved therapeutic outcomes."
9619,brain tumour,38311000,Metastatic profiles and survival differences between infiltrating ductal carcinoma and infiltrating lobular carcinoma in invasive breast cancer.,"In this study, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of metastatic profiles and survival outcomes in patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) and infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) treated at our university hospital center."
9620,brain tumour,38310625,Different tumor growth pattern of clinically nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumor according to sex and age: a longitudinal study.,"Asymptomatic patients with clinically non-functional pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (CNF-PitNETs) are usually followed up. However, the natural course of CNF-PitNETs according to sex and age remains unclear. Therefore, this study assessed growth patterns of CNF-PitNETs according to sex and age."
9621,brain tumour,38310533,Endoscopic treatment of cystic craniopharyngiomas in elderly patients. Report of three cases with a review.,"Craniopharyngiomas are rare tumors with peak incidence between 5-14 and between 65-74 years of age. Treatment of choice is surgical resection, sometimes associated with radiation therapy. Complete tumor resection may be challenging. Radical surgery is particularly risky in older patients. Authors evaluate three cases of large cystic craniopharyngioma in patients in their 7th and 8th decade of life operated with the use of endoscopic technique. The postoperative follow-up period in which out- patient controls with imaging examinations were performed was up to 6 years. Symptoms of intracranial hypertension resolved in all patients in the immediate postoperative period. Visual acuity improved in two patients. No cases of aseptic meningitis have been reported. One patient underwent subsequent radio- therapy. The well-being of the operated patients continued. Endoscopic transventricular approach to cystic craniopharyngiomas may be a safe and effective approach in older patients, being an alternative to microsurgical procedures."
9622,brain tumour,38310461,Neuroinflammation in Glioblastoma: The Role of the Microenvironment in Tumour Progression.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) stands as the most aggressive and lethal among the main types of primary brain tumors. It exhibits malignant growth, infiltrating the brain tissue, and displaying resistance toward treatment. GBM is a complex disease characterized by high degrees of heterogeneity. During tumour growth, microglia and astrocytes, among other cells, infiltrate the tumour microenvironment and contribute extensively to gliomagenesis. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), either of peripheral origin or representing brain-intrinsic microglia, are the most numerous nonneoplastic populations in the tumour microenvironment in GBM. The complex heterogeneous nature of GBM cells is facilitated by the local inflammatory tumour microenvironment, which mostly induces tumour aggressiveness and drug resistance. The immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment of GBM provides multiple pathways for tumour immune evasion, contributing to tumour progression. Additionally, TAMs and astrocytes can contribute to tumour progression through the release of cytokines and activation of signalling pathways. In this review, we summarize the role of the microenvironment in GBM progression, focusing on neuroinflammation. These recent advancements in research of the microenvironment hold the potential to offer a promising approach to the treatment of GBM in the coming times."
9623,brain tumour,38310216,Brain tissue heterotopic in the adrenal gland in a child: a scarce case report.,"Heterotopic brain tissue is rare and has not been reported. Our center made the first report. 4 years and 2 months old Girl presented with a cystic mass in the right adrenal gland 2 weeks after right upper abdominal pain. The operation was successful, and the diagnosis was confirmed by postoperative pathology. 6 months after the procedure, the incision healed well without recurrence. This case report has a detailed diagnosis and treatment process and satisfactory examination results. It can provide a reference for diagnosing and treating clinical HBT and reduce the risk of misdiagnosis and mistreatment."
9624,brain tumour,38310198,Comprehensive Analysis and Experimental Validation of the Parkinson's Disease Lysosomal Gene ACP2 and Pan-cancer.,"The pivotal role of lysosomal function in preserving neuronal homeostasis is recognized, with its dysfunction being implicated in neurodegenerative processes, notably in Parkinson's disease (PD). Yet, the molecular underpinnings of lysosome-related genes (LRGs) in the context of PD remain partially elucidated. We collected RNA-seq data from the brain substantia nigra of 30 PD patients and 20 normal subjects from the GEO database. We obtained molecular classification clusters from the screened lysosomal expression patterns. The lysosome-related diagnostic model of Parkinson's disease was constructed by XGBoost and Random Forest. And we validated the expression patterns of signature LRGs in the diagnostic model by constructing a PD rat model. Finally, the linkage between PD and cancer through signature genes was explored. The expression patterns of the 33 LRGs screened can be divided into two groups of PD samples, enabling exploration of the variance in biological processes and immune elements. Cluster A had a higher disease severity. Subsequently, critical genes were sieved through the application of machine learning methodologies culminating in the identification of two intersecting feature genes (ACP2 and LRP2). A PD risk prediction model was constructed grounded on these signature genes. The model's validity was assessed through nomogram evaluation, which demonstrated robust confidence validity. Then we analyzed the correlation analysis, immune in-filtration, biological function, and rat expression validation of the two genes with common pathogenic genes in Parkinson's disease, indicating that these two genes play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. We then selected ACP2, which had a significant immune infiltration correlation, as the entry gene for the pan-cancer analysis. The pan-cancer analysis revealed that ACP2 has profound associations with prognostic indicators, immune infiltration, and tumor-related regulatory processes across various neoplasms, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target in a range of human diseases, including PD and cancers. Our study comprehensively analyzed the molecular grouping of LRGs expression patterns in Parkinson's disease, and the disease progression was more severe in cluster A. And the PD diagnosis model related to LRGs is constructed. Finally, ACP2 is a potential target for the relationship between Parkinson's disease and tumor."
9625,brain tumour,38310157,Clinical outcomes of melanoma brain metastases treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab alone versus nivolumab and ipilimumab with stereotactic radiosurgery.,"Upfront dual checkpoint blockade with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has demonstrated efficacy for treating melanoma brain metastases (MBM) in asymptomatic patients. Whether the combination of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with dual checkpoint blockade improves outcomes over dual-checkpoint blockade alone is unknown. We evaluated clinical outcomes of patients with MBM receiving ICI with nivolumab and ipilimumab, with and without SRS."
9626,brain tumour,38310058,MRI radiomics for predicting intracranial progression in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases treated with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors.,To identify clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics predictors specialised for intracranial progression (IP) after first-line epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases (BMs).
9627,brain tumour,38309639,KCNA2 IgG autoimmunity in neuropsychiatric diseases.,"Autoantibodies against the potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 2 (KCNA2) have been described in a few cases of neuropsychiatric disorders, but their diagnostic and pathophysiological role is currently unknown, imposing challenges to medical practice."
9628,brain tumour,38309392,Protective effect of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide on mice infected with Neospora caninum.,"The study aimed to explore the protective effects of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide (IOP) on Neospora caninum (N. caninum) infection. Our data showed that the survival rate of the mice was the highest and the survival time was the longest when the IOP was 2 mg/10 g. In agreement with these observations, IOP alleviated the pathological damage in the various organs and tissues of the mice. Compared with that in the Neosporidium infection model group, the content of N. caninum in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and brain, determined through HE staining, was significantly lower. In addition, IOP inhibited the levels of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2a) from the 21st to 42nd day of the administration group, whereas the levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were down-regulated at 7 d - 42 d. The production of CD4"
9629,brain tumour,38309312,Cortical stimulation depth of nTMS investigated in a cohort of convexity meningiomas above the primary motor cortex.,"In clinical routine, navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) is usually applied down to 25 mm. Yet, besides clinical experience and mathematical models, the penetration depth remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the maximum cortical stimulation depth of nTMS in patients with meningioma above the primary motor cortex, causing a displacement of the primary motor cortex away from the skull."
9630,brain tumour,38309276,Alternative polyadenylation determines the functional landscape of inverted Alu repeats.,"Inverted Alu repeats (IRAlus) are abundantly found in the transcriptome, especially in introns and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Yet, the biological significance of IRAlus embedded in 3' UTRs remains largely unknown. Here, we find that 3' UTR IRAlus silences genes involved in essential signaling pathways. We utilize J2 antibody to directly capture and map the double-stranded RNA structure of 3' UTR IRAlus in the transcriptome. Bioinformatic analysis reveals alternative polyadenylation as a major axis of IRAlus-mediated gene regulation. Notably, the expression of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), an inhibitor of p53, is upregulated by the exclusion of IRAlus during UTR shortening, which is exploited to silence p53 during tumorigenesis. Moreover, the transcriptome-wide UTR lengthening in neural progenitor cells results in the global downregulation of genes associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, via IRAlus inclusion. Our study establishes the functional landscape of 3' UTR IRAlus and its role in human pathophysiology."
9631,brain tumour,38309272,Fate mapping of Spp1 expression reveals age-dependent plasticity of disease-associated microglia-like cells after brain injury.,"Microglial reactivity to injury and disease is emerging as a heterogeneous, dynamic, and crucial determinant in neurological disorders. However, the plasticity and fate of disease-associated microglia (DAM) remain largely unknown. We established a lineage tracing system, leveraging the expression dynamics of secreted phosphoprotein 1（Spp1） to label and track DAM-like microglia during brain injury and recovery. Fate mapping of Spp1"
9632,brain tumour,38309264,Astrocyte-induced mGluR1 activates human lung cancer brain metastasis via glutamate-dependent stabilization of EGFR.,"There are limited methods to stably analyze the interactions between cancer cells and glial cells in vitro, which hinders our molecular understanding. Here, we develop a simple and stable culture method of mouse glial cells, termed mixed-glial culture on/in soft substrate (MGS), which serves well as a platform to study cancer-glia interactions. Using this method, we find that human lung cancer cells become overly dependent on metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) signaling in the brain microenvironment. Mechanistically, interactions with astrocytes induce mGluR1 in cancer cells through the Wnt-5a/prickle planar cell polarity protein 1 (PRICKLE1)/RE1 silencing transcription factor (REST) axis. Induced mGluR1 directly interacts with and stabilizes the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in a glutamate-dependent manner, and these cells then become responsive to mGluR1 inhibition. Our results highlight increased dependence on mGluR1 signaling as an adaptive strategy and vulnerability of human lung cancer brain metastasis."
9633,brain tumour,38309258,Microglia maintain structural integrity during fetal brain morphogenesis.,"Microglia (MG), the brain-resident macrophages, play major roles in health and disease via a diversity of cellular states. While embryonic MG display a large heterogeneity of cellular distribution and transcriptomic states, their functions remain poorly characterized. Here, we uncovered a role for MG in the maintenance of structural integrity at two fetal cortical boundaries. At these boundaries between structures that grow in distinct directions, embryonic MG accumulate, display a state resembling post-natal axon-tract-associated microglia (ATM) and prevent the progression of microcavities into large cavitary lesions, in part via a mechanism involving the ATM-factor Spp1. MG and Spp1 furthermore contribute to the rapid repair of lesions, collectively highlighting protective functions that preserve the fetal brain from physiological morphogenetic stress and injury. Our study thus highlights key major roles for embryonic MG and Spp1 in maintaining structural integrity during morphogenesis, with major implications for our understanding of MG functions and brain development."
9634,brain tumour,38309250,MiR-182 in Glioma: An insufficiently explored and controversial research area.,No abstract found
9635,brain tumour,38309031,Rural-urban disparities in psychosocial functioning in epithelial ovarian cancer patients.,"Although rural residence has been related to health disparities in cancer patients, little is known about how rural residence impacts mental health and quality of life (QOL) in ovarian cancer patients over time. This prospective longitudinal study investigated mental health and QOL of ovarian cancer patients in the first-year post-diagnosis."
9636,brain tumour,38308969,The role of microbial metabolites in endocrine tumorigenesis: From the mechanistic insights to potential therapeutic biomarkers.,"Microbial metabolites have been indicated to communicate with the host's endocrine system, regulating hormone production, immune-endocrine communications, and interactions along the gut-brain axis, eventually affecting the occurrence of endocrine cancer. Furthermore, microbiota metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been found to affect the tumor microenvironment and boost immunity against tumors. SCFAs, including butyrate and acetate, have been demonstrated to exert anti-proliferative and anti-protective activity on pancreatic cancer cells. The employing of microbial metabolic products in conjunction with radiation and chemotherapy has shown promising outcomes in terms of reducing treatment side effects and boosting effectiveness. Certain metabolites, such as valerate and butyrate, have been made known to improve the efficiency of CAR T-cell treatment, whilst others, such as indole-derived tryptophan metabolites, have been shown to inhibit tumor immunity. This review explores the intricate interplay between microbial metabolites and endocrine tumorigenesis, spanning mechanistic insights to the discovery of potential therapeutic biomarkers."
9637,brain tumour,38308948,A comparative study on the effects of human serum albumin and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone fusion proteins on the anti-neuroinflammatory in the central nervous system of adult mice.,"The immunomodulatory effects of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in the central nervous system (CNS) have been investigated for forty years. The clinical applications of α-MSH are limited due to its short half-life. Our previous study has indicated that the short half-life of α-MSH can be extended by fusion with carrier human serum albumin (HSA) and this fusion protein has also retained the anti-inflammatory effect on the CNS. This improvement is still far from the clinical requirements. Thus, we expected to enhance the half-life and activity of the fusion protein by optimizing the linker peptide to get closer to clinical requirements. In a previous study, we screened out two candidates in vitro experiments with a flexible linker peptide (fusion protein with flexible linker peptide, FPFL) and a rigid linker peptide (fusion protein with rigid linker peptide, FPRL), respectively. However, it was not sure whether the anti-inflammatory effects in vitro could be reproduced in vivo. Our results show that FPRL is the best candidate with a longer half-life compared to the traditional flexible linker peptides. Meanwhile, the ability of FPRL to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was enhanced, and the inhibition of TNF-α and IL-6 was improved. We also found that the toxicity of FPRL was decreased. All of the results suggested that trying to choose the rigid linker peptide in some fusion proteins may be a potential choice for improving the unsatisfactory characteristics."
9638,brain tumour,38308874,HSA-net with a novel CAD pipeline boosts both clinical brain tumor MR image classification and segmentation.,"Brain tumors are among the most prevalent neoplasms in current medical studies. Accurately distinguishing and classifying brain tumor types accurately is crucial for patient treatment and survival in clinical practice. However, existing computer-aided diagnostic pipelines are inadequate for practical medical use due to tumor complexity. In this study, we curated a multi-centre brain tumor dataset that includes various clinical brain tumor data types, including segmentation and classification annotations, surpassing previous efforts. To enhance brain tumor segmentation accuracy, we propose a new segmentation method: HSA-Net. This method utilizes the Shared Weight Dilated Convolution module (SWDC) and Hybrid Dense Dilated Convolution module (HDense) to capture multi-scale information while minimizing parameter count. The Effective Multi-Dimensional Attention (EMA) and Important Feature Attention (IFA) modules effectively aggregate task-related information. We introduce a novel clinical brain tumor computer-aided diagnosis pipeline (CAD) that combines HSA-Net with pipeline modification. This approach not only improves segmentation accuracy but also utilizes the segmentation mask as an additional channel feature to enhance brain tumor classification results. Our experimental evaluation of 3327 real clinical data demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method, achieving an average Dice coefficient of 86.85 % for segmentation and a classification accuracy of 95.35 %. We also validated the effectiveness of our proposed method using the publicly available BraTS dataset."
9639,brain tumour,38308817,[,"Preclinical models of neurological diseases and gene therapy are essential for neurobiological research. However, the evaluation of such models lacks reliable reporter systems for use with noninvasive imaging methods. Here, we report the development of a reporter system based on the CLIP-tag enzyme and ["
9640,brain tumour,38308803,The relationship between pathological brain activity and functional network connectivity in glioma patients.,"Glioma is associated with pathologically high (peri)tumoral brain activity, which relates to faster progression. Functional connectivity is disturbed locally and throughout the entire brain, associating with symptomatology. We, therefore, investigated how local activity and network measures relate to better understand how the intricate relationship between the tumor and the rest of the brain may impact disease and symptom progression."
9641,brain tumour,38308793,"Neuroprotective mechanism of trans,trans-Farnesol in an ICV-STZ-induced rat model of Alzheimer's pathology.","Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prominent cause of dementia, resulting in neurodegeneration and memory impairment. This condition imposes a considerable public health burden on both patients and their families due to the patients' functional impairments as well as the psychological and financial constraints. It has been well demonstrated that its aetiology involves proteinopathy, mitochondriopathies, and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which are some of the key features of AD brains that further result in oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction."
9642,brain tumour,38308708,A systematic review of immunotherapy in high-grade glioma: learning from the past to shape future perspectives.,"High-grade gliomas (HGGs) constitute the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis despite the standard multimodal therapy. In recent years, immunotherapy has changed the prognosis of many cancers, increasing the hope for HGG therapy. We conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases to include relevant studies. This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Fifty-two papers were finally included (44 phase II and eight phase III clinical trials) and further divided into four different subgroups: 14 peptide vaccine trials, 15 dendritic cell vaccination (DCV) trials, six immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) trials, and 17 miscellaneous group trials that included both ""active"" and ""passive"" immunotherapies. In the last decade, immunotherapy created great hope to increase the survival of patients affected by HGGs; however, it has yielded mostly dismal results in the setting of phase III clinical trials. An in-depth analysis of these clinical results provides clues about common patterns that have led to failures at the clinical level and helps shape the perspective for the next generation of immunotherapies in neuro-oncology."
9643,brain tumour,38308568,HDAC6-Activatable Multifunctional Near-Infrared Probe for Glioma Cell Detection and Elimination.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary brain tumor associated with limited treatment options and high drug resistance, presenting significant challenges in the pursuit of effective treatment strategies. Epigenetic modifications have emerged as promising diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GBM. For instance, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has been identified as a potential pharmacological target for GBM. Furthermore, the overexpression of monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) in glioma has been linked to tumor progression, making it an attractive target for therapy. In this study, we successfully engineered "
9644,brain tumour,38308391,Cytological diagnosis of pineoblastoma in cerebrospinal fluid.,"A rare case of pineoblastoma on cerebrospinal fluid cytology was reported in a 15-year-old girl. In the current paper, a rare case of pienoblastoma on CSF cytology has been described."
9645,brain tumour,38308315,Brain injury drives optic glioma formation through neuron-glia signaling.,"Tissue injury and tumorigenesis share many cellular and molecular features, including immune cell (T cells, monocytes) infiltration and inflammatory factor (cytokines, chemokines) elaboration. Their common pathobiology raises the intriguing possibility that brain injury could create a tissue microenvironment permissive for tumor formation. Leveraging several murine models of the Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) cancer predisposition syndrome and two experimental methods of brain injury, we demonstrate that both optic nerve crush and diffuse traumatic brain injury induce optic glioma (OPG) formation in mice harboring Nf1-deficient preneoplastic progenitors. We further elucidate the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms, whereby glutamate released from damaged neurons stimulates IL-1β release by oligodendrocytes to induce microglia expression of Ccl5, a growth factor critical for Nf1-OPG formation. Interruption of this cellular circuit using glutamate receptor, IL-1β or Ccl5 inhibitors abrogates injury-induced glioma progression, thus establishing a causative relationship between injury and tumorigenesis."
9646,brain tumour,38308250,Tmem119 expression is downregulated in a subset of brain metastasis-associated microglia.,"Under pathological conditions, the immune-specialized brain microenvironment contains both resident microglia and bone marrow-derived myeloid cells recruited from peripheral circulation. Due to largely overlapping phenotypic similarities between these ontogenically distinct myeloid populations, studying their individual functions in central nervous system diseases has been challenging. Recently, transmembrane protein 119 (Tmem119) has been reported as a marker for resident microglia which is not expressed by bone marrow-derived myeloid cells. However, several studies have reported the loss or reduction of Tmem119 expression in pathologically activated microglia. Here, we examined whether Tmem119 could be used as a robust marker to identify brain metastasis-associated microglia. In addition, we also compared Tmem119 expression of primary microglia to the immortalized microglia-like BV2 cell line and characterized expression changes after LPS treatment. Lastly, we used a commercially available transgenic mouse line (Tmem119-eGFP) to compare Tmem119 expression patterns to the traditional antibody-based detection methods. Our results indicate that brain metastasis-associated microglia have reduced Tmem119 gene and protein expression."
9647,brain tumour,38308121,Transcortical transcatheter ultrasound-assisted technique for deep-seated brain tumors. Technical note.,"Surgery of deep-seated brain tumors can be challenging. Several methods have been described to facilitate transcortical approaches, including ultrasound-assisted resection. Ultrasound-guided placement of a standard ventricular catheter is a widely reported technique and has been used to approach these lesions via the transcortical route. We describe how we usually perform this useful technique to assist and enhance the transcortical resection of some deep-seated brain tumors."
9648,brain tumour,38308054,A new brain - tumor neural circuit.,No abstract found
9649,brain tumour,38308012,Quality assessment of the MRI-radiomics studies for MGMT promoter methylation prediction in glioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,To evaluate the methodological quality and diagnostic accuracy of MRI-based radiomic studies predicting O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status in gliomas.
9650,brain tumour,38307919,Identification of EMT-associated prognostic features among grade II/III gliomas.,"Grade II/III gliomas have a highly heterogeneous clinical course. Identifying prognostic biomarkers in grade II/III gliomas is essential to guide clinical management. We explored epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes to uncover prognostic features in grade II/III gliomas. Consensus cluster analysis of 200 EMT-related genes classified 512 grade II/III glioma samples into two molecular subtypes, C1 and C2. The C1 subtype had significantly worse overall survival compared to the C2 subtype. Pathway analysis revealed C1 tumors were highly associated with tumor progression pathways and demonstrated higher immune cell infiltration scores. Differential expression analysis identified four genes (ACTN1, AQP1, LAMC3, NRM) that discriminated the two subtypes. Validation in external datasets confirmed that high expression of this four-gene signature predicted poor prognosis in grade II/III gliomas. Cellular experiments showed ACTN1, AQP1 and NRM promoted glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. We examined correlations of the signature genes with T cell exhaustion markers and found ACTN1 expression had the strongest association. Immunohistochemistry analysis further demonstrated that ACTN1 protein expression in grade II/III gliomas was negatively correlated with patient overall survival. In summary, our study identified a concise four-gene signature that robustly predicts grade II/III gliomas prognosis across multiple datasets. The signature provides clinical relevance in distinguishing more aggressive grade II/III glioma tumors. Targeting the ACTN1, AQP1 and NRM genes may offer new therapeutic opportunities to improve grade II/III gliomas patient outcomes."
9651,brain tumour,38307877,Phosphorylation of human glioma-associated oncogene 1 on Ser937 regulates Sonic Hedgehog signaling in medulloblastoma.,Aberrant activation of sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling and its effector transcriptional factor GLI1 are essential for oncogenesis of SHH-dependent medulloblastoma (MB
9652,brain tumour,38307841,Prenatal exposure to maternal disadvantage-related inflammatory biomarkers: associations with neonatal white matter microstructure.,"Prenatal exposure to heightened maternal inflammation has been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, including atypical brain maturation and psychiatric illness. In mothers experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage, immune activation can be a product of the chronic stress inherent to such environmental hardship. While growing preclinical and clinical evidence has shown links between altered neonatal brain development and increased inflammatory states in utero, the potential mechanism by which socioeconomic disadvantage differentially impacts neural-immune crosstalk remains unclear. In the current study, we investigated associations between socioeconomic disadvantage, gestational inflammation, and neonatal white matter microstructure in 320 mother-infant dyads over-sampled for poverty. We analyzed maternal serum levels of four cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α) over the course of pregnancy in relation to offspring white matter microstructure and socioeconomic disadvantage. Higher average maternal IL-6 was associated with very low socioeconomic status (SES; INR < 200% poverty line) and lower neonatal corticospinal fractional anisotropy (FA) and lower uncinate axial diffusivity (AD). No other cytokine was associated with SES. Higher average maternal IL-10 was associated with lower FA and higher radial diffusivity (RD) in corpus callosum and corticospinal tracts, higher optic radiation RD, lower uncinate AD, and lower FA in inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and anterior limb of internal capsule tracts. SES moderated the relationship between average maternal TNF-α levels during gestation and neonatal white matter diffusivity. When these interactions were decomposed, the patterns indicated that this association was significant and positive among very low SES neonates, whereby TNF-α was inversely and significantly associated with inferior cingulum AD. By contrast, among the more advantaged neonates (lower-to-higher SES [INR ≥ 200% poverty line]), TNF-α was positively and significantly associated with superior cingulum AD. Taken together, these findings suggest that the relationship between prenatal cytokine exposure and white matter microstructure differs as a function of SES. These patterns are consistent with a scenario where gestational inflammation's effects on white matter development diverge depending on the availability of foundational resources in utero."
9653,brain tumour,38307564,Suppression of ,"Individuals with Down syndrome (DS), attributed to triplication of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21), exhibit a reduced incidence of solid tumors. However, the prevalence of glioblastoma among individuals with DS remains a contentious issue in epidemiological studies. Therefore, this study examined the gliomagenicity in Ts1Cje mice, a murine model of DS."
9654,brain tumour,38307552,Intraventricular Cerebral Metastases: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.,"Intraventricular cerebral metastases (IVCM) are a rare but clinically significant subset of brain metastases. This systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of IVCM by synthesizing current literature on epidemiology, clinical presentation, imaging features, pathophysiology, and treatment options."
9655,brain tumour,38307455,Clinical Characteristics and Management of Cosecreting Thyroid Stimulating Hormone or Prolactin Pituitary Growth Hormone Adenomas: A Case-Control Study.,Cosecreting thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) or prolactin (PRL) in patients with pituitary growth hormone (GH) adenomas has been rarely reported. Our study aimed to elucidate their clinical characteristics.
9656,brain tumour,38307196,Papillary Tumors of Pineal Region: A Single-Center Experience in Management of 11 Cases.,"Papillary tumors of pineal region (PTPR) comprise a very rare subset of pineal region tumors that have been recently described. Literature on the management and outcome of PTPR is scarce owing to the rarity of these tumors. To address this lacuna, we analyzed our experience in management of PTPR."
9657,brain tumour,38307194,From Trauma to Tumor: Exploring Post-Traumatic Brain Injury Glioblastoma Patient Characteristics.,Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is very rare and has not been comprehensively characterized by current literature. This systematic review aimed to characterize demographics of patients with post-TBI GBM.
9658,brain tumour,38306846,Canine glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles as precise carriers for glioblastoma imaging: Targeting across the blood-brain barrier.,"The treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) faces significant challenges due to the difficulty of delivering drugs through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as potential carriers for targeted drug delivery to brain tumors. However, their use and distribution in the presence of an intact BBB and their ability to target GBM tissue are still under investigation. This study explored the use of EVs for GBM targeting across the BBB. Canine plasma EVs from healthy dogs and dogs with glioma were isolated, characterized, and loaded with diagnostic agents. Biodistribution studies were conducted in healthy murine models and a novel intranasal model that preserved BBB integrity while initiating early-stage GBM growth. This model assessed EVs' potential for delivering the contrast agent gadoteric acid to intracranial tumors. Imaging techniques, such as bioluminescence and MRI, confirmed EVs' targeting and delivery capabilities thus revealing a selective accumulation of canine glioma-derived EVs in brain tissue under physiological conditions. In the model of brain tumor, MRI experiments demonstrated the ability of EVs to accumulate gadoteric acid within GBM to enhance contrast of the tumoral mass, even when BBB integrity is maintained. This study underscores the potential of EVs derived from glioma for the targeted delivery of drugs to glioblastoma. EVs from dogs with glioma showed capacity to traverse the BBB and selectively accumulate within the brain tumor. Overall, this research represents a foundation for the application of autologous EVs to precision glioblastoma treatment, addressing the challenge of BBB penetration and targeting specificity in brain cancer therapy."
9659,brain tumour,38306642,Letter to the Editor. The association between metastatic brain tumors and brain tumor-related epilepsy.,No abstract found
9660,brain tumour,38306640,Safety of the immediate use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs after adult craniotomy for tumor.,"Poor pain control has a negative impact on postoperative recovery and patient satisfaction. However, overzealous pain management, particularly with opioids, can confound serial neurological assessments, increase morbidity, and predispose patients to long-term dependence. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective in treating postoperative pain and can limit opioid intake, but their use has been limited in patients undergoing craniotomy for brain tumor resection due to concerns of an increased hemorrhage risk. Herein, the authors aim to 1) address the safety of NSAID use in the immediate postoperative setting and 2) determine whether NSAID administration decreases opioid use following craniotomy for tumor resection in adult patients."
9661,brain tumour,38306557,Bilateral thalamic and brainstem anaplastic astrocytoma: A case report.,"Bilateral thalamic glioma is extremely rare and characterized by strictly limited involvement of bilateral thalami. To investigate its clinical and neuroimaging features, we herein reported a rare case of anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) involving both thalami and the brainstem and reviewed the literature."
9662,brain tumour,38306551,Can we predict overall survival using machine learning algorithms at 3-months for brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer after gamma knife radiosurgery?,"Gamma knife radiosurgery (GRKS) is widely used for patients with brain metastases; however, predictions of overall survival (OS) within 3-months post-GKRS remain imprecise. Specifically, more than 10% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients died within 8 weeks of post-GKRS, indicating potential overtreatment. This study aims to predict OS within 3-months post-GKRS using machine learning algorithms, and to identify prognostic features in NSCLC patients. We selected 120 NSCLC patients who underwent GKRS at Chungbuk National University Hospital. They were randomly assigned to training group (n = 80) and testing group (n = 40) with 14 features considered. We used 3 machine learning (ML) algorithms (Decision tree, Random forest, and Boosted tree classifier) to predict OS within 3-months for NSCLC patients. And we extracted important features and permutation features. Data validation was verified by physician and medical physicist. The accuracy of the ML algorithms for predicting OS within 3-months was 77.5% for the decision tree, 72.5% for the random forest, and 70% for the boosted tree classifier. The important features commonly showed age, receiving chemotherapy, and pretreatment each algorithm. Additionally, the permutation features commonly showed tumor volume (>10 cc) and age as critical factors each algorithm. The decision tree algorithm exhibited the highest accuracy. Analysis of the decision tree visualized data revealed that patients aged (>71 years) with tumor volume (>10 cc) were increased risk of mortality within 3-months. The findings suggest that ML algorithms can effectively predict OS within 3-months and identify crucial features in NSCLC patients. For NSCLC patients with poor prognoses, old age, and large tumor volumes, GKRS may not be a desirable treatment."
9663,brain tumour,38306432,"T-FINDER: A highly sensitive, pan-HLA platform for functional T cell receptor and ligand discovery.","Effective, unbiased, high-throughput methods to functionally identify both class II and class I HLA-presented T cell epitopes and their cognate T cell receptors (TCRs) are essential for and prerequisite to diagnostic and therapeutic applications, yet remain underdeveloped. Here, we present T-FINDER [T cell Functional Identification and (Neo)-antigen Discovery of Epitopes and Receptors], a system to rapidly deconvolute CD4 and CD8 TCRs and targets physiologically processed and presented by an individual's unmanipulated, complete human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype. Combining a highly sensitive TCR signaling reporter with an antigen processing system to overcome previously undescribed limitations to target expression, T-FINDER both robustly identifies unknown peptide:HLA ligands from antigen libraries and rapidly screens and functionally validates the specificity of large TCR libraries against known or predicted targets. To demonstrate its capabilities, we apply the platform to multiple TCR-based applications, including diffuse midline glioma, celiac disease, and rheumatoid arthritis, providing unique biological insights and showcasing T-FINDER's potency and versatility."
9664,brain tumour,38306431,H3K27M neoepitope vaccination in diffuse midline glioma induces B and T cell responses across diverse HLA loci of a recovered patient.,"H3K27M, a driver mutation with T and B cell neoepitope characteristics, defines an aggressive subtype of diffuse glioma with poor survival. We functionally dissect the immune response of one patient treated with an H3K27M peptide vaccine who subsequently entered complete remission. The vaccine robustly expanded class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted peripheral H3K27M-specific T cells. Using functional assays, we characterized 34 clonally unique H3K27M-reactive T cell receptors and identified critical, conserved motifs in their complementarity-determining region 3 regions. Using detailed HLA mapping, we further demonstrate that diverse HLA-DQ and HLA-DR alleles present immunogenic H3K27M epitopes. Furthermore, we identified and profiled H3K27M-reactive B cell receptors from activated B cells in the cerebrospinal fluid. Our results uncover the breadth of the adaptive immune response against a shared clonal neoantigen across multiple HLA allelotypes and support the use of class II-restricted peptide vaccines to stimulate tumor-specific T and B cells harboring receptors with therapeutic potential."
9665,brain tumour,38306383,Al18F-NOTA-Octreotide PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT for Detecting Cerebellar Hemangioblastoma in a Patient With Von Hippel-Lindau Disease.,"Von Hippel-Lindau disease is a hereditary syndrome associated with various benign and malignant tumors, including hemangioblastomas. A 42-year-old man with a history of Von Hippel-Lindau disease underwent surgery for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and renal clear cell carcinoma and was recommended to undergo Al18F-NOTA-octreotide and 18F-FDG PETCT examination to assess potential metastases. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed low uptake in the right cerebellum, which demonstrated increased Al18F-NOTA-octreotide activity. Cerebellar mass resection surgery was performed. Pathological result was consistent with hemangioblastoma. This case report indicates the significant role of Al18F-NOTA-octreotide in the diagnosis of hemangioblastoma."
9666,brain tumour,38306361,Molecular signature of stem-like glioma cells (SLGCs) from human glioblastoma and gliosarcoma.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and the GBM variant gliosarcoma (GS) are among the tumors with the highest morbidity and mortality, providing only palliation. Stem-like glioma cells (SLGCs) are involved in tumor initiation, progression, therapy resistance, and relapse. The identification of general features of SLGCs could contribute to the development of more efficient therapies. Commercially available protein arrays were used to determine the cell surface signature of eight SLGC lines from GBMs, one SLGC line obtained from a xenotransplanted GBM-derived SLGC line, and three SLGC lines from GSs. By means of non-negative matrix factorization expression metaprofiles were calculated. Using the cophenetic correlation coefficient (CCC) five metaprofiles (MPs) were identified, which are characterized by specific combinations of 7-12 factors. Furthermore, the expression of several factors, that are associated with GBM prognosis, GBM subtypes, SLGC differentiation stages, or neural identity was evaluated. The investigation encompassed 24 distinct SLGC lines, four of which were derived from xenotransplanted SLGCs, and included the SLGC lines characterized by the metaprofiles. It turned out that all SLGC lines expressed the epidermal growth factor EGFR and EGFR ligands, often in the presence of additional receptor tyrosine kinases. Moreover, all SLGC lines displayed a neural signature and the IDH1 wildtype, but differed in their p53 and PTEN status. Pearson Correlation analysis identified a positive association between the pluripotency factor Sox2 and the expression of FABP7, Musashi, CD133, GFAP, but not with MGMT or Hif1α. Spherical growth, however, was positively correlated with high levels of Hif1α, CDK4, PTEN, and PDGFRβ, whereas correlations with stemness factors or MGMT (MGMT expression and promoter methylation) were low or missing. Factors highly expressed by all SLGC lines, irrespective of their degree of stemness and growth behavior, are Cathepsin-D, CD99, EMMPRIN/CD147, Intβ1, the Galectins 3 and 3b, and N-Cadherin."
9667,brain tumour,38306270,H2A.Z histone variants facilitate HDACi-dependent removal of H3.3K27M mutant protein in pediatric high-grade glioma cells.,"Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are deadly pediatric brain tumors, non-resectable due to brainstem localization and diffusive growth. Over 80% of DIPGs harbor a mutation in histone 3 (H3.3 or H3.1) resulting in a lysine-to-methionine substitution (H3K27M). Patients with DIPG have a dismal prognosis with no effective therapy. We show that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors lead to a significant reduction in the H3.3K27M protein (up to 80%) in multiple glioma cell lines. We discover that the SB939-mediated H3.3K27M loss is partially blocked by a lysosomal inhibitor, chloroquine. The H3.3K27M loss is facilitated by co-occurrence of H2A.Z, as evidenced by the knockdown of H2A.Z isoforms. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis confirms the occupancy of H3.3K27M and H2A.Z at the same SB939-inducible genes. We discover a mechanism showing that HDAC inhibition in DIPG leads to pharmacological modulation of the oncogenic H3.3K27M protein levels. These findings show the possibility of directly targeting the H3.3K27M oncohistone."
9668,brain tumour,38306217,Pediatric Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Mapping and Monitoring in Brain Surgery.,"Similar to adults, children undergoing brain surgery can significantly benefit from intraoperative neurophysiologic mapping and monitoring. Although young brains present the advantage of increased plasticity, during procedures in close proximity to eloquent regions, the risk of irreversible neurological compromise remains and can be lowered further by these techniques. More so, pathologies specific to the pediatric population, such as neurodevelopmental lesions, often result in medically refractory epilepsy. Thus, their successful surgical treatment also relies on accurate demarcation and resection of the epileptogenic zone, processes in which intraoperative electrocorticography is often employed. However, stemming from the development and maturation of the central and peripheral nervous systems as the child grows, intraoperative neurophysiologic testing in this population poses methodologic and interpretative challenges even to experienced clinical neurophysiologists. For example, it is difficult to perform awake craniotomies and language testing in the majority of pediatric patients. In addition, children may be more prone to intraoperative seizures and exhibit afterdischarges more frequently during functional mapping using electrical cortical stimulation because of high stimulation thresholds needed to depolarize immature cortex. Moreover, choice of anesthetic regimen and doses may be different in pediatric patients, as is the effect of these drugs on immature brain; these factors add additional complexity in terms of interpretation and analysis of neurophysiologic recordings. Below, we are describing the modalities commonly used during intraoperative neurophysiologic testing in pediatric brain surgery, with emphasis on age-specific clinical indications, methodology, and challenges."
9669,brain tumour,38306068,Development and validation of a clinical prediction model for glioma grade using machine learning.,"Histopathological evaluation is currently the gold standard for grading gliomas; however, this technique is invasive."
9670,brain tumour,38305948,"Potential Role of Bmal1 in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depression-Like Behavior and its Associated ""Inflammatory Storm"".","Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of depression; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Apart from the disordered circadian rhythm in animal models and patients with depression, dysfunction of clock genes has been reported to be involved with the progress of inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the role of circadian clock genes, especially brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (Bmal1), in the linkage between inflammation and depression. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged rats and BV2 cells were used in the present study. Four intraperitoneal LPS injections of 0.5 mg/kg were administered once every other day to the rats, and BV2 cells were challenged with LPS for 24 h at the working concentration of 1 mg/L, with or without the suppression of Bmal1 via small interfering RNA. The results showed that LPS could successfully induce depression-like behaviors and an ""inflammatory storm"" in rats, as indicated by the increased immobility time in the forced swimming test and the decreased saccharin preference index in the saccharin preference test, together with hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hyperactivation of astrocyte and microglia, and increased peripheral and central abundance of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, and C-reactive protein. Moreover, the protein expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1, Copine6, and Synaptotagmin1 (Syt-1) decreased in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, whereas the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 increased. Interestingly, the fluctuation of temperature and serum concentration of melatonin and corticosterone was significantly different between the groups. Furthermore, protein expression levels of the circadian locomotor output cycles kaput, cryptochrome 2, and period 2 was significantly reduced in the hippocampus of LPS-challenged rats, whereas Bmal1 expression was significantly increased in the hippocampus but decreased in the hypothalamus, where it was co-located with neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. Consistently, apart from the reduced cell viability and increased phagocytic ability, LPS-challenged BV2 cells presented a similar trend with the changed protein expression in the hippocampus of the LPS model rats. However, the pathological changes in BV2 cells induced by LPS were reversed after the suppression of Bmal1. These results indicated that LPS could induce depression-like pathological changes, and the underlying mechanism might be partly associated with the imbalanced expression of Bmal1 and its regulated dysfunction of the circadian rhythm."
9671,brain tumour,38305926,A subregion-based RadioFusionOmics model discriminates between grade 4 astrocytoma and glioblastoma on multisequence MRI.,To explore a subregion-based RadioFusionOmics (RFO) model for discrimination between adult-type grade 4 astrocytoma and glioblastoma according to the 2021 WHO CNS5 classification.
9672,brain tumour,38305878,Multifocal atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour in an infant-a rare case report.,"Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours (AT/RT) are uncommon but aggressive, malignant tumours in the paediatric age group. Presentation of concomitant supratentorial and infratentorial lesions in an infant is extremely rare. We discuss an infant diagnosed with such lesions. Systematic PubMed search was conducted using keywords 'atypical teratoid /rhabdoid tumor', 'paediatric' and 'multifocal'. Reports were included for patients younger than 18 years with two or more lesions. The search yielded additional five cases and were tabulated. Age, sex, location, treatment given and survival/outcome were noted."
9673,brain tumour,38305848,Proximity-Enhanced Functional Imaging Analysis of Engineered Tumors.,"Functional imaging (FI) techniques have revolutionized tumor imaging by providing information on specific tumor functions, such as glycometabolism. However, tumor cells lack unique molecular characteristics at the molecular level and metabolic pathways, resulting in limited metabolic differences compared to normal cells and increased background signals from FI. To address this limitation, we developed a novel imaging technique termed proximity-enhanced functional imaging (PEFI) for accurate visualization of tumors. By using ""two adjacent chemically labeled glycoproteins"" as output signals, we significantly enhance the metabolic differences between tumor and normal cells by PEFI, thereby reducing the background signals for analysis and improving the accuracy of tumor functional imaging. Our results demonstrate that PEFI can accurately identify tumors at the cellular, tissue, and animal level, and has potential value in clinical identification and analysis of tumor cells and tissues, as well as in the guidance of clinical tumor resection surgery."
9674,brain tumour,38305793,Prognostic factors in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients with organ-specific metastasis: unveiling commonalities and disparities.,"This study aimed to identify shared and distinct prognostic factors related to organ-specific metastases (liver, lung, bone, and brain) in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) patients, then construct nomograms for survival prediction."
9675,brain tumour,38305610,Differential diagnostic value of 3.0T MR 3D-ASL technique for recurrence and pseudo-progression of high-grade glioma.,This study aimed to explore the value of 3.0T magnetic resonance three-dimensional arterial spin labeling imaging (3D-ASL) technology in the differential diagnosis of recurrence and pseudo-progression of high-grade gliomas.
9676,brain tumour,38305062,Developing a comparative photon-proton planning service in Victoria: the experience at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre.,"Proton-beam therapy (PBT) is a cutting-edge radiation therapy modality that is currently not available in Australia. Comparative photon-proton (CPP) planning is required for the medical treatment overseas programme (MTOP) and will be required for access to PBT in Australia in the future. Comparative planning brings professional development benefits to all members of the radiation therapy team. This service was also created to support future proposals for a PBT facility in Victoria. We report our experience developing an in-house CPP service at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre. A set of resources to support CPP planning was established. Training of relevant staff was undertaken after which an in-house training programme was developed. A standard protocol for PBT planning parameters was established. All CPP plans were reviewed. Future goals for the CPP planning programme were described. In total, 62 cases were comparatively planned over 54 months. Of these, 60% were paediatric cases, 14% were adolescents and young adults (15-25 years) and 26% were adults. The vast majority (over 75%) of patients comparatively planned required irradiation to the central nervous system including brain and cranio-spinal irradiation. A variety of proton plans were reviewed by international PBT experts to confirm their deliverability. Our team at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre has gained significant experience in CPP planning and will continue to develop this further. Local expertise will help support decentralisation of patient selection for proton treatments in the near future and the PBT business case in Victoria."
9677,brain tumour,38304844,Huc-MSC-derived exosomal miR-144 alleviates inflammation in LPS-induced preeclampsia-like pregnant rats via the FosB/Flt-1 pathway.,Preeclampsia (PE) is a common and severe hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (Exos-MSC) have been reported to mitigate the progression of inflammatory diseases. The study aimed to explore the effects of human umbilical cord-derived Exos-MSC (huc-Exos-MSC) on PE-like models.
9678,brain tumour,38304459,Gut microbiota and its metabolites in non-small cell lung cancer and brain metastasis: from alteration to potential microbial markers and drug targets.,"The elevated mortality rate associated with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a well-established global concern. Considerable attention has been directed toward exploring the association between gut microbiota and various malignant tumors. We herein investigated the associations between the intestinal microbiome and its metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), in patients with NSCLC at different stages, including early and brain metastasis (BM) stages. The findings aim to offer a fresh perspective on the diagnosis and management of NSCLC."
9679,brain tumour,38304432,Diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid human epididymis protein 4 for leptomeningeal metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma.,"The diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) remains a clinical challenge. Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) functions as a novel tumor biomarker for cancers. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HE4, and combined with CEACAM6, for LUAD LM."
9680,brain tumour,38304368,RARE INTRACRANIAL MULTIFOCAL NON-GERMINOMATOUS GERM CELL TUMOR IN AN 18-YEAR-OLD MALE: A CASE REPORT.,"Intracranial germ cell tumors are rare brain tumors that are distinguished based on their histology and selected tumor markers. Non-germinomatous germ cell tumors are a diverse group of such tumors having the poorest prognosis. Most commonly, they are located in the suprasellar and pineal regions. Since the exact treatment protocol has not yet been established, there is currently no standardized modality of management. We present a case of intracranial multifocal non-germinomatous germ cell tumor in an 18-year-old male, along with relevant literature review. We describe initial diagnostic and treatment procedures in a young adult presented with diplopia and ataxic gait. Neuroradiological findings and elevated alpha fetoprotein and beta chain of the human chorionic gonadotropin tumor markers indicated the possible mixed germ cell tumor. Chemotherapy regimen was adjusted accordingly, biopsy was not performed. The patient's clinical condition improved significantly and his alpha fetoprotein values decreased remarkably after initiation of chemotherapy. In conclusion, initial evaluation with neuroimaging, tumor markers, and cytology from cerebrospinal fluid is important as guidance to further treatment and prognosis. In selected cases, biopsy may not be indicated to start adjuvant chemotherapy. We emphasize the importance of specific treatment modality selection based mainly on tumor markers, regardless of the precise histologic classification."
9681,brain tumour,38304352,A rare case of breast carcinoma metastasis into a meningioma in a 64-year-old female patient.,"This report discusses the occurrence of tumor-to-tumor metastasis-an atypical phenomenon in oncology where a secondary malignancy develops within an existing primary tumor. The case of a 64-year-old woman is presented, who, with a history of stage II invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast treated with mastectomy and chemoradiotherapy, developed neurological symptoms indicative of a secondary brain tumor. MRI and subsequent histopathological analysis post-craniotomy confirmed a meningioma with a metastatic breast carcinoma, demonstrating the clinical importance of considering tumor-to-tumor metastasis in similar patient histories."
9682,brain tumour,38304344,Using a generative adversarial network to generate synthetic MRI images for multi-class automatic segmentation of brain tumors.,"Challenging tasks such as lesion segmentation, classification, and analysis for the assessment of disease progression can be automatically achieved using deep learning (DL)-based algorithms. DL techniques such as 3D convolutional neural networks are trained using heterogeneous volumetric imaging data such as MRI, CT, and PET, among others. However, DL-based methods are usually only applicable in the presence of the desired number of inputs. In the absence of one of the required inputs, the method cannot be used. By implementing a generative adversarial network (GAN), we aim to apply multi-label automatic segmentation of brain tumors to synthetic images when not all inputs are present. The implemented GAN is based on the Pix2Pix architecture and has been extended to a 3D framework named Pix2PixNIfTI. For this study, 1,251 patients of the BraTS2021 dataset comprising sequences such as T"
9683,brain tumour,38304342,Biocompatible and bioactivable terpolymer-lipid-MnO,"Early and precise detection of solid tumor cancers is critical for improving therapeutic outcomes. In this regard, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a useful tool for tumor diagnosis and image-guided therapy. However, its effectiveness is limited by the shortcomings of clinically available gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs), i.e. poor tumor penetration and retention, and safety concerns. Thus, we have developed a novel nanoparticulate contrast agent using a biocompatible terpolymer and lipids to encapsulate manganese dioxide nanoparticles (TPL-MDNP). The TPL-MDNP accumulated in tumor tissue and produced paramagnetic Mn"
9684,brain tumour,38304336,"The expansion of liquid biopsies to vascular care: an overview of existing principles, techniques and potential applications to vascular malformation diagnostics.","Vascular malformations are congenital lesions that occur due to mutations in major cellular signalling pathways which govern angiogenesis, cell proliferation, motility, and cell death. These pathways have been widely studied in oncology and are substrates for various small molecule inhibitors. Given their common molecular biology, there is now a potential to repurpose these cancer drugs for vascular malformation care; however, a molecular diagnosis is required in order to tailour specific drugs to the individual patient's mutational profile. Liquid biopsies (LBs), emerging as a transformative tool in the field of oncology, hold significant promise in this feat. This paper explores the principles and technologies underlying LBs and evaluates their potential to revolutionize the management of vascular malformations. The review begins by delineating the fundamental principles of LBs, focusing on the detection and analysis of circulating biomarkers such as cell-free DNA, circulating tumor cells, and extracellular vesicles. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis of the technological advancements driving LB platforms is presented. Lastly, the paper highlights the current state of research in applying LBs to various vascular malformations, and uses the aforementioned principles and techniques to conceptualize a liquid biopsy framework that is unique to vascular malformation research and clinical care."
9685,brain tumour,38304095,A scoping review protocol of the rehabilitation needs of people with brain tumours.,"Every year 480 people are diagnosed with a primary brain tumour in Ireland. Brain tumours can vary in type, location, treatment, and progression but neurological impairments are a consistent feature. Such neurological disability creates significant symptom burden that can seriously impact peoples' functional ability and quality of life. Rehabilitation can improve functional prognosis (motor and cognitive) and quality of life in people with brain tumours. However, research and experience consistently show that people with brain tumours can have difficulties accessing rehabilitation services. Our scoping review will investigate the research evidence concerning the rehabilitation needs of people with brain tumours."
9686,brain tumour,38304028,"Positive response to trastuzumab deruxtecan in a patient with HER2-mutant NSCLC after multiple lines therapy, including T-DM1: a case report.",Human epidermal growth factor 2 (
9687,brain tumour,38303726,Glioblastoma extracellular vesicles modulate immune PD-L1 expression in accessory macrophages upon radiotherapy.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor, presenting major challenges due to limited treatment options. Standard care includes radiation therapy (RT) to curb tumor growth and alleviate symptoms, but its impact on GBM is limited. In this study, we investigated the effect of RT on immune suppression and whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from GBM and taken up by the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to the induced therapeutic resistance. We observed that (1) ionizing radiation increases immune-suppressive markers on GBM cells, (2) macrophages exacerbate immune suppression in the TME by increasing PD-L1 in response to EVs derived from GBM cells which is further modulated by RT, and (3) RT increases CD206-positive macrophages which have the most potential in inducing a pro-oncogenic environment due to their increased uptake of tumor-derived EVs. In conclusion, RT affects GBM resistance by immuno-modulating EVs taken up by myeloid cells in the TME."
9688,brain tumour,38303627,Characterisation of paediatric brain tumours by their MRS metabolite profiles.,
9689,brain tumour,38303443,An MRI brain tumor segmentation method based on improved U-Net.,"In order to improve the segmentation effect of brain tumor images and address the issue of feature information loss during convolutional neural network (CNN) training, we present an MRI brain tumor segmentation method that leverages an enhanced U-Net architecture. First, the ResNet50 network was used as the backbone network of the improved U-Net, the deeper CNN can improve the feature extraction effect. Next, the Residual Module was enhanced by incorporating the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM). To increase characterization capabilities, focus on important features and suppress unnecessary features. Finally, the cross-entropy loss function and the Dice similarity coefficient are mixed to compose the loss function of the network. To solve the class unbalance problem of the data and enhance the tumor area segmentation outcome. The method's segmentation performance was evaluated using the test set. In this test set, the enhanced U-Net achieved an average Intersection over Union (IoU) of 86.64% and a Dice evaluation score of 87.47%. These values were 3.13% and 2.06% higher, respectively, compared to the original U-Net and R-Unet models. Consequently, the proposed enhanced U-Net in this study significantly improves the brain tumor segmentation efficacy, offering valuable technical support for MRI diagnosis and treatment."
9690,brain tumour,38303366,[A Case of Perforation of the Duodenum during Chemotherapy with Ramucirumab plus Nab-Paclitaxel for Advanced Gastric Cancer].,"A 70-year-old male patient was diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer with para-aortic lymph node metastasis. After diagnostic laparoscopy, the patient received 2 courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Subsequently, distal gastrectomy, D2 plus para-aortic lymph node dissection, and Roux-en-Y reconstruction were performed. An enlarged lymph node(No. 16b2)was identified during surgery. The histopathological diagnosis revealed ypT4b, ypN3b, cM1(LYM; No. 16), Stage ⅣB. Chemotherapy with ramucirumab plus nab-paclitaxel was administered at 6 weeks postoperatively. However, after 2 courses of chemotherapy, the patient developed an abscess discharge from the wound, which was confirmed by an abdominal CT scan and diagnosed as an intra-abdominal abscess derived from duodenal perforation. The abscess was drained percutaneously. Subsequently, chemotherapy with nab-paclitaxel, nivolumab, and trifluridine/tipiracil hydrochloride was administered. After the appearance of brain metastases, the treatment was shifted to palliative care. The patient died 2 years and 7 months later from the primary disease."
9691,brain tumour,38303328,[Brain Metastasis Following Conversion Surgery for Sigmoid Colon Cancer-A Case Report].,"A 64-year-old man was diagnosed with KRAS-mutant type sigmoid colon cancer with metastasis in the lung, liver, left adrenal gland, and para-aortic lymph node(T3N1M1b, Stage ⅣB[Union for International Cancer Control 8th edition]). Laparoscopic transverse colostomy was performed to treat colonic obstruction. Subsequently, a combination regimen of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin plus bevacizumab was administered. After 5 courses of chemotherapy, the S8 liver tumor disappeared completely. Sigmoidectomy, para-aortic lymph node dissection, and left adrenal gland resection were performed. After 3 months, right S3 segmental pneumonectomy and right S8 and S10 partial pneumonectomy were performed. R0 resection for the primary lesion and metastatic lesions of the chest and abdomen was achieved. Following the conversion surgery, he was administered the adjuvant chemotherapy regimen of uracil-tegafur plus Leucovorin. After 2 courses of chemotherapy, he presented to our hospital complaining of vomiting and dizziness. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple brain metastases. Thus, we should be mindful of the possibility of brain metastasis in cases of unresectable colon cancer showing satisfactory response to chemotherapy with an indication of conversion surgery."
9692,brain tumour,38303306,[A Case of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Successfully Treated with Pembrolizumab Therapy after Disease Progression with Atezolizumab Therapy].,"A 39-year-old woman was diagnosed with right breast cancer(cT3N1M0, cStage ⅢA, triple negative type). After preoperative chemotherapy using dose-dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, followed by dose-dense paclitaxel every 2 weeks, the patient underwent right modified radical mastectomy. Postmastectomy radiotherapy to the right chest wall and right supraclavicular area and oral capecitabine therapy were administered. Computed tomography 1 year after surgery showed multiple lung metastases. The patient received atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel therapy. Six months after the first chemotherapy, metastatic brain tumor in right frontal lobe, 12 mm in size, was observed along with enlargement of lung metastases. Because the brain tumor showed rapid growth after CyberKnife therapy, emergency tumorectomy was performed. One month after cranial surgery, new 3 brain metastases were appeared. Gamma knife therapy to brain metastases and pembrolizumab, carboplatin, gemcitabine therapy was started. Although insufficient doses of carboplatin and gemcitabine were administered due to bone marrow suppression, no progression was observed for about 1 year after initiation of pembrolizumab therapy. Pembrolizumab therapy may show anti-tumor effect to breast cancer brain metastases, even after a failure of atezolizumab therapy."
9693,brain tumour,38303083,Metastasis infiltrating tumor to meningioma: a case report.,"There have been many reports of tumor-to-tumor metastasis, in which cancer metastasizes directly into meningiomas. However, metastasis infiltrating tumors in which cancer metastasizes around meningiomas are rare. Therefore, we report a case of metastasis originating from lung cancer that infiltrated meningioma."
9694,brain tumour,38303029,TRIM25 promotes glioblastoma cell growth and invasion via regulation of the PRMT1/c-MYC pathway by targeting the splicing factor NONO.,"Ubiquitination plays an important role in proliferating and invasive characteristic of glioblastoma (GBM), similar to many other cancers. Tripartite motif 25 (TRIM25) is a member of the TRIM family of proteins, which are involved in tumorigenesis through substrate ubiquitination."
9695,brain tumour,38302968,The effects of oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in high-risk stage II colon cancer with mismatch repair-deficient: a retrospective study.,"For high-risk stageIImismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colon cancers, the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy remains debatable. The principal aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of high-risk factors and the effect of oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy among dMMR stageIIcolon cancers."
9696,brain tumour,38302657,A clinically relevant computed tomography (CT) radiomics strategy for intracranial rodent brain tumour monitoring.,"Here, we establish a CT-radiomics based method for application in invasive, orthotopic rodent brain tumour models. Twenty four NOD/SCID mice were implanted with U87R-Luc2 GBM cells and longitudinally imaged via contrast enhanced (CE-CT) imaging. Pyradiomics was employed to extract CT-radiomic features from the tumour-implanted hemisphere and non-tumour-implanted hemisphere of acquired CT-scans. Inter-correlated features were removed (Spearman correlation > 0.85) and remaining features underwent predictive analysis (recursive feature elimination or Boruta algorithm). An area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve was implemented to evaluate radiomic features for their capacity to predict defined outcomes. Firstly, we identified a subset of radiomic features which distinguish the tumour-implanted hemisphere and non- tumour-implanted hemisphere (i.e, tumour presence from normal tissue). Secondly, we successfully translate preclinical CT-radiomic pipelines to GBM patient CT scans (n = 10), identifying similar trends in tumour-specific feature intensities (E.g. 'glszm Zone Entropy'), thereby suggesting a mouse-to-human species conservation (a conservation of radiomic features across species). Thirdly, comparison of features across timepoints identify features which support preclinical tumour detection earlier than is possible by visual assessment of CT scans. This work establishes robust, preclinical CT-radiomic pipelines and describes the application of CE-CT for in-depth orthotopic brain tumour monitoring. Overall we provide evidence for the role of pre-clinical 'discovery' radiomics in the neuro-oncology space."
9697,brain tumour,38302604,Brain tumor detection from images and comparison with transfer learning methods and 3-layer CNN.,"Health is very important for human life. In particular, the health of the brain, which is the executive of the vital resource, is very important. Diagnosis for human health is provided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices, which help health decision makers in critical organs such as brain health. Images from these devices are a source of big data for artificial intelligence. This big data enables high performance in image processing classification problems, which is a subfield of artificial intelligence. In this study, we aim to classify brain tumors such as glioma, meningioma, and pituitary tumor from brain MR images. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and CNN-based inception-V3, EfficientNetB4, VGG19, transfer learning methods were used for classification. F-score, recall, imprinting and accuracy were used to evaluate these models. The best accuracy result was obtained with VGG16 with 98%, while the F-score value of the same transfer learning model was 97%, the Area Under the Curve (AUC) value was 99%, the recall value was 98%, and the precision value was 98%. CNN architecture and CNN-based transfer learning models are very important for human health in early diagnosis and rapid treatment of such diseases."
9698,brain tumour,38302280,"Associations of the 'weekend warrior' physical activity pattern with all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: the Mexico City Prospective Study.","The objective was to investigate the benefits of the 'weekend warrior' physical activity pattern in Latin America, where many people take part in high levels of non-exercise physical activity."
9699,brain tumour,38302069,IL-17A deficiency alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via activating ERK/MAPK pathway in hippocampal CA1 region.,"Cognitive impairment is a major complication of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury and has an important impact on the quality of life of patients. However, the precise mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment after CIR injury remain elusive. In the current study, we investigated the role of interleukin 17 A (IL-17A) on CIR injury-induced cognitive impairment in wild-type and IL-17A knockout mice using RNA sequencing analysis, neurological assessments, Golgi-Cox staining, dendritic spine analysis, immunofluorescence assay, and western blot analysis. RNA sequencing identified 195 CIR-induced differentially expressed genes (83 upregulated and 112 downregulated), highlighting several enriched biological processes (negative regulation of phosphorylation, transcription regulator complex, and receptor ligand activity) and signaling pathways (mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK], tumor necrosis factor, and IL-17 signaling pathways). We also injected adeno-associated virus into the bilateral hippocampal CA1 regions of CIR mice to upregulate or downregulate cyclic AMP response element-binding protein. IL-17A knockout activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/MAPK signaling pathway and further improved synaptic plasticity, structure, and function in CIR mice. Together, our findings suggest that IL-17A deficiency alleviates CIR injury by activating the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway and enhancing hippocampal synaptic plasticity."
9700,brain tumour,38301967,Cediranib enhances the transcription of MHC-I by upregulating IRF-1.,"Diminished or lost Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC-I) expression is frequently observed in tumors, which obstructs the immune recognition of tumor cells by cytotoxic T cells. Restoring MHC-I expression by promoting its transcription and improving protein stability have been promising strategies for reestablishing anti-tumor immune responses. Here, through cell-based screening models, we found that cediranib significantly upregulated MHC-I expression in tumor cells. This finding was confirmed in various non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and primary patient-derived lung cancer cells. Furthermore, we discovered cediranib achieved MHC-I upregulation through transcriptional regulation. interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) was required for cediranib induced MHC-I transcription and the absence of IRF-1 eliminated this effect. Continuing our research, we found cediranib triggered STAT1 phosphorylation and promoted IRF-1 transcription subsequently, thus enhancing downstream MHC-I transcription. In vivo study, we further confirmed that cediranib increased MHC-I expression, enhanced CD8"
9701,brain tumour,38301920,Anti-migratory and cytotoxic effect of indole derivative in C6 glioma cells.,"Gliomas are among the most common primary malignant brain tumors. Despite advances in cancer treatment, survival is very low, so the discovery of new therapeutic agents is essential. In this context, indole is an important source for the development of new bioactive molecules. A pharmacological screening of ten indole derivatives was carried out to evaluate the cytotoxic capacity against three tumor cell lines. After pharmacological screening, three compounds were selected, based on their high capacity to reduce cell proliferation, and their IC"
9702,brain tumour,38301843,"Identification of MGMT promoter methylation as a specific lipid metabolism biomarker, reveals the feasibility of atorvastatin application in glioblastoma.","Glioblastoma is one of the deadliest tumors, and limited improvement in managing glioblastoma has been achieved in the past decades. The unmethylated promoter area of 6-O-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT) is a significant biomarker for recognizing a subset of glioblastoma that is resistant to chemotherapy. Here we identified MGMT methylation can also work as a specific biomarker to classify the lipid metabolism patterns between methylated and unmethylated glioblastoma and verify the potential novel therapeutic strategy for unmethylated MGMT glioblastoma."
9703,brain tumour,38301678,A proposed clinical classification for pituitary neoplasms to guide therapy and prognosis.,"No comprehensive classification system that guides prognosis and therapy of pituitary adenomas exists. The 2022 WHO histopathology-based classification system can only be applied to lesions that are resected, which represent few clinically significant pituitary adenomas. Many factors independent of histopathology provide mechanistic insight into causation and influence prognosis and treatment of pituitary adenomas. We propose a new approach to guide prognosis and therapy of pituitary adenomas by integrating clinical, genetic, biochemical, radiological, pathological, and molecular information for all adenomas arising from anterior pituitary cell lineages. The system uses an evidence-based scoring of risk factors to yield a cumulative score that reflects disease severity and can be used at the bedside to guide pituitary adenoma management. Once validated in prospective studies, this simple manageable classification system could provide a standardised platform for assessing disease severity, prognosis, and effects of therapy on pituitary adenomas."
9704,brain tumour,38301393,A simple agent-based hybrid model to simulate the biophysics of glioblastoma multiforme cells and the concomitant evolution of the oxygen field.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive cancers of the central nervous system. It is characterized by a high mitotic activity and an infiltrative ability of the glioma cells, neovascularization and necrosis. GBM evolution entails the continuous interplay between heterogeneous cell populations, chemotaxis, and physical cues through different scales. In this work, an agent-based hybrid model is proposed to simulate the coupling of the multiscale biological events involved in the GBM invasion, specifically the individual and collective migration of GBM cells and the concurrent evolution of the oxygen field and phenotypic plasticity. An asset of the formulation is that it is conceptually and computationally simple but allows to reproduce the complexity and the progression of the GBM micro-environment at cell and tissue scales simultaneously."
9705,brain tumour,33085419,Arachnoid Cysts,"Arachnoid cysts are collections of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) arising from the splitting layers of the arachnoid membrane. Most arachnoid cysts occur in the anterior or middle cranial fossa or a retrocerebellar location. The etiology of most arachnoid cysts is unclear, but they are likely formed due to abnormal splitting during the embryogenesis of the arachnoid. Intracranial arachnoid cysts may have been reported as a purely cystic tumor causing blindness as early as the fifteenth century. Bright offered the first accurate description in 1831 as a ""serous cyst in the arachnoid."" Many studies have been undertaken to better understand arachnoid cysts since then. Most arachnoid cysts are thought to be congenital, caused by abnormal development of the meninges and brain during fetal development. Findings of aberrant Sylvian vasculature in temporal arachnoid cyst surgical specimens reveal embryological beginnings as early as 6 to 10 weeks gestation. Most commonly, arachnoid cysts are detected incidentally on cross-sectional neuroimaging of the brain performed for other reasons. Occasionally, arachnoid cysts are identified in patients referred for imaging due to symptoms. When they are present in critical locations and are of significant size, they can be symptomatic and require treatment. Symptoms associated with arachnoid cysts include vision loss, nausea or vomiting, macrocephaly, paralysis of the oculomotor, trochlear, abducens nerves, trigeminal neuropathy, hemifacial spasm, sensory neuronal hearing loss, facial palsy, vagus nerve palsy vertigo, and eighth cranial neuropathy, depending on the cyst location. Computed tomography (CT) imaging is often enough to diagnose an arachnoid cyst when the lesion is in an expected location with the appearance of a fluid-filled, thin-walled cyst. When additional information is needed, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice for evaluating the anatomical location, size, and adjacent structures. The vast majority of cases of arachnoid cysts need no treatment. However, mass effect-associated symptoms caused by an arachnoid cyst require treatment depending on the anatomical distortion and neurological symptoms caused. In cases where treatment is indicated, numerous surgical therapies exist. The location often dictates the surgical approach. "
9706,brain tumour,38301253,Introduction: Contemporary management of low-grade gliomas: from tumor biology to the patient's quality of life.,No abstract found
9707,brain tumour,38301247,The role of preoperative [11C]methionine PET in defining tumor-related epilepsy and predicting short-term postoperative seizure control in temporal lobe low-grade gliomas.,"Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for low-grade glioma (LGG)-related epilepsy. However, the goal of achieving both oncological radical resection and seizure freedom can be challenging. PET with [11C]methionine (MET) has been recently introduced in clinical practice for the management of patients with LGGs, not only to monitor the response to treatments, but also as a preoperative tool to define the metabolic tumor extent and to predict tumor grading, type, and prognosis. Still, its role in defining tumor-related epilepsy and postoperative seizure outcomes is limited. The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the role of MET PET in defining preoperative seizure characteristics and short-term postoperative seizure control in a cohort of patients with newly diagnosed temporal lobe low-grade gliomas (tLGGs)."
9708,brain tumour,38301246,Is intraoperative mapping of music performance mandatory to preserve skills in professional musicians? Awake surgery for lower-grade glioma conducted from a meta-networking perspective.,"In surgery for lower-grade glioma (LGG) in professional musicians, for whom preserving music ability is essential, a critical question has emerged, namely, is it mandatory to include music performance during awake mapping, as proposed in several reports? In fact, music ability is subserved by a mosaic of interactive cognitive and emotional processes that rest on several networks. Therefore, from a meta-network perspective, the authors investigated whether an integrated multimodal monitoring of these cognitive and emotional functions during stimulation mapping could be efficient in maintaining musical skill. Indeed, it could be difficult for a patient to play a musical instrument in the surgical setting in addition to performing other tasks, such as movement and language."
9709,brain tumour,38301244,Suppression of antitumor immune signatures and upregulation of VEGFA as IDH-mutant gliomas progress to higher grade.,Several studies have compared the immune microenvironment of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioma versus IDH-mutant glioma. The authors sought to determine whether histological tumor progression in a subset of IDH-mutant glioma was associated with concomitant alterations in the intratumoral immune microenvironment.
9710,brain tumour,38301243,Awake brain mapping paradigms for nondominant hemisphere gliomas.,"Traditionally, resection of nondominant hemisphere brain tumors was performed under general anesthesia. An improved understanding of right-lateralized neural networks has led to a paradigm shift in recent decades, where the right or nondominant hemisphere is no longer perceived as ""functionally silent."" There is an increasing interest in awake brain mapping for nondominant hemisphere resections. The objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive review of the existing brain mapping paradigms for patients with nondominant hemisphere gliomas undergoing awake craniotomies."
9711,brain tumour,38301242,Awake intraoperative mapping for the prevention of amusia.,"The authors describe the awake surgical mapping of music skills for patients who require resection in brain areas that may support musical abilities. A 65-year-old man was diagnosed with an anterolateral right temporal nonenhancing lesion, likely a diffusely infiltrating glioma, after presenting with several episodes of altered taste and smell and one episode of loss of consciousness. The patient specializes in music and music technology and has composed scores for films. An awake surgery was planned in a semiseated position. Prerecorded melodies were designed preoperatively as a surrogate for a composition skill task. These consisted of 10- to 15-second musical clips played during bipolar electrical stimulation of the overlying cortex and were divided into three segments: listen, play, and accuracy check. During the ""listen"" phase, the patient listened to a musical prompt. During the ""play"" phase, he played a musical response on a keyboard. Stimulation at multiple temporal neocortical sites was negative for any alteration in task performance. The patient did well postoperatively with excellent clinical and radiographic results and returned to composing music without functional compromise. Musical composition tasks can be performed safely intraoperatively for patients with musical expertise. Whether stimulating more posterior nondominant temporal neocortex or other cortical or white matter locations can disrupt this task remains undetermined."
9712,brain tumour,38301240,The use of advanced neuroimaging modalities in the evaluation of low-grade glioma in adults: a literature review.,"Low-grade gliomas encompass a subgroup of cancerous glial cell growths within the central nervous system and are distinguished by their slow growth and relatively low malignant potential. Despite their less aggressive nature, these tumors can still cause significant neurological symptoms through the compression of surrounding neural and vascular structures and, in some instances, undergo malignant transformation. For these reasons, timely and appropriate evaluation and management of low-grade gliomas is critical. Medical imaging stands as a cornerstone for evaluating patients with low-grade gliomas because of its noninvasive nature and ability to provide a vast amount of information about the underlying lesion. With the growing number of neuroimaging techniques and their capabilities, there is a lack of clear guidance on which techniques to utilize for the assessment of low-grade gliomas and what their respective core use cases should be. In this literature review, the authors discuss in significant depth the available evidence pertaining to the use of advanced neuroimaging techniques in the evaluation and management of low-grade gliomas. Specifically, they review the specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, and use cases of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), perfusion MR imaging (perfusion MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), functional MRI (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), as well as other emerging imaging techniques. They conclude that most of the advanced neuroimaging techniques are reliable in differentiating low- from high-grade gliomas, whereas MRS and DTI may further support molecular subclassification of the tumor. PET has been best employed for the purpose of tumor biopsy, whereas fMRI and DTI can be particularly valuable in preoperative surgical planning, as they delineate the functionally eloquent brain regions that need to be preserved during tumor resection. MRS, PET, SPECT, and perfusion MRI are best suited to monitor tumor progression, as their respective metrics closely correlate with the underlying metabolic activity of the tumor. Together, these techniques offer a vast amount of information and serve as tools for neurologists and neurosurgeons managing patients with low-grade gliomas."
9713,brain tumour,38301236,Radiographic growth rate as a predictor of aggressiveness of diffuse gliomas without 1p19q codeletion.,"The 2021 WHO classification of CNS tumors has refined the definition of adult-type diffuse gliomas without 1p19q codeletion. Nevertheless, the aggressiveness of gliomas is based exclusively on histomolecular criteria performed on a limited sample of the tumor. The authors aimed to assess whether the spontaneous radiographic tumor growth rate is associated with tumor aggressiveness and allows preoperative identification of malignancy grade of adult-type diffuse gliomas without 1p19q codeletion."
9714,brain tumour,38301234,From molecular signatures to radiomics: tailoring neurooncological strategies through forecasting of glioma growth.,"Contemporary oncological paradigms for adjuvant treatment of low- and intermediate-grade gliomas are often guided by a limited array of parameters, overlooking the dynamic nature of the disease. The authors' aim was to develop a comprehensive multivariate glioma growth model based on multicentric data, to facilitate more individualized therapeutic strategies."
9715,brain tumour,38301187,"Patient-Reported Outcomes in OlympiA: A Phase III, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Adjuvant Olaparib in g",The OlympiA randomized phase III trial compared 1 year of olaparib (OL) or placebo (PL) as adjuvant therapy in patients with germline 
9716,brain tumour,38301181,Changes in the Epidemiologic Pattern of Primary CNS Tumors in Response to the Aging Population: An Updated Nationwide Cancer Registry Data in the Republic of Korea.,"Primary CNS tumors (PCNSTs) are tumors originating from the brain and surrounding tissues. These tumors account for a significant proportion of cancer deaths and morbidity globally. Accurate epidemiologic data are essential for shaping clinical practices, research priorities, and health care policies. This study presents the latest 2020 national data on PCNSTs from the Republic of Korea (ROK) and explores the trends in incidence and their societal implications in the context of an aging population."
9717,brain tumour,38301044,MRPS23 is a novel prognostic biomarker and promotes glioma progression.,"Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S23 (MRPS23), a component of the ribosome small subunit, has been reported to be overexpressed in various cancers and has been predicted to be involved in increased cell proliferation. It has been confirmed that MRPS23 was involved in the regulation of breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation. However, little is known about the function of MRPS23 in glioma. In this study, we found that MRPS23 expression was higher in gliomas than in adjacent normal tissues. Higher expression of MRPS23 in gliomas correlated with poorer prognosis, unfavorable histological features, absence of mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (IDH), absence of chromosome 1p and 19q deletions, and responses to chemoradiotherapy. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated MRPS23 expression was independently prognostic of overall survival, disease-free survival, and progression-free survival in patients with glioma. KEGG enrichment analysis results indicated that high MRPS23 expression was associated with cell proliferation and immune response-related signaling pathways. We also confirmed that MRPS23 was highly expressed in glioma cells lines, and MRPS23 knockdown significantly reduced cell survival, proliferation, and migration of glioma cells lines. Collectively, these findings offer mechanistic insights into how MRPS23 during glioma progression, and identify MRPS23 as a potential therapeutic target in the future."
9718,brain tumour,38301040,MAEL in human cancers and implications in prognostication and predicting benefit from immunotherapy over VEGFR/mTOR inhibitors in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a bioinformatic analysis.,
9719,brain tumour,38300967,Identification of the reporter gene combination that shows high contrast for cellular level MRI.,"Currently, we can label the certain cells by transducing specific genes, called reporter genes, and distinguish them from other cells. For example, fluorescent protein such as green fluorescence protein (GFP) is commonly used for cell labeling. However, fluorescent protein is difficult to observe in living animals. We can observe the reporter signals of the luciferin-luciferase system from the outside of living animals using in vivo imaging systems, although the resolution of this system is low. Therefore, in this study, we examined the reporter genes, which allowed the MRI-mediated observation of labeled cells in living animals. As a preliminary stage of animal study, we transduced some groups of plasmids that coded the protein that could take and store metal ions to the cell culture, added metal ions solutions, and measured their T1 or T2 relaxation values. Finally, we specified the best reporter gene combination for MRI, which was the combination of transferrin receptor, DMT1, and Ferritin-M6A for T1WI, and Ferritin-M6A for T2WI."
9720,brain tumour,38300915,"""Non-Eloquent"" brain regions predict neuropsychological outcome in tumor patients undergoing awake craniotomy.","Supratotal resection of primary brain tumors is being advocated especially when involving ""non-eloquent"" tissue. However, there is extensive neuropsychological data implicating functions critical to higher cognition in areas considered ""non-eloquent"" by most surgeons. The goal of the study was to determine pre-surgical brain regions that would be predictive of cognitive outcome at 4-6 months post-surgery. Cortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation were performed with the FreeSurfer-v6.0 image analysis suite. Linear regression models were used to regress cortical volumes from both hemispheres, against the total cognitive z-score to determine the relationship between brain structure and broad cognitive functioning while controlling for age, sex, and total segmented brain volume. We identified 62 consecutive patients who underwent planned awake resections of primary (n = 55, 88%) and metastatic at the University of New Mexico Hospital between 2015 and 2019. Of those, 42 (23 males, 25 left hemispheric lesions) had complete pre and post-op neuropsychological data available and were included in this study. Overall, total neuropsychological functioning was somewhat worse (p = 0.09) at post-operative neuropsychological outcome (Mean = -.20) than at baseline (Mean = .00). Patients with radiation following resection (n = 32) performed marginally worse (p = .036). We found that several discrete brain volumes obtained pre-surgery predicted neuropsychological outcome post-resection. For the total sample, these volumes included: left fusiform, right lateral orbital frontal, right post central, and right paracentral regions. Regardless of lesion lateralization, volumes within the right frontal lobe, and specifically right orbitofrontal cortex, predicted neuropsychological difference scores. The current study highlights the gaps in our current understanding of brain eloquence. We hypothesize that the volume of tissue within the right lateral orbital frontal lobe represents important cognitive reserve capacity in patients undergoing tumor surgery. Our data also cautions the neurosurgeon when considering supratotal resections of tumors that do not extend into areas considered ""non-eloquent"" by current standards."
9721,brain tumour,38300697,Effectiveness of a Nurse-Led Mobile-Based Health Coaching Program for Patients With Prostate Cancer at High Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Randomized Waitlist Controlled Trial.,"Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), a standard treatment for prostate cancer (PC), causes many physical side effects. In particular, it causes metabolic changes such as fasting glucose abnormalities or accumulation of body fat, and its continuation can lead to metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is closely related to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is important to maintain and practice a healthy lifestyle in patients with PC."
9722,brain tumour,38300686,Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumour: an uncommon posterior fossa tumour.,No abstract found
9723,brain tumour,38300480,Integrating Systemic Therapies into the Multimodality Therapy of Patients with Craniopharyngioma.,"The integration of targeted therapy into the multimodal management of craniopharyngiomas represents a significant advancement in the field of neuro-oncology. Historically, the management of these tumors has been challenging due to their proximity to vital brain structures, necessitating a delicate balance between tumor control and the preservation of neurological function. Traditional treatment modalities, such as surgical resection and radiation, while effective, carry their own set of risks, including potential damage to surrounding healthy tissues and the potential for long-term side effects. Recent insights into the molecular biology of craniopharyngiomas, particularly the discovery of the BRAF V600E mutation in nearly all papillary craniopharyngiomas, have paved the way for a targeted systemic treatment approach. However, advances have been limited for adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas. The success of BRAF/MEK inhibitors in clinical trials underscores the potential of these targeted therapies not only to control tumor growth but also to reduce the need for more invasive treatments, potentially minimizing treatment-related complications. However, the introduction of these novel therapies also brings forth new challenges, such as determining the optimal timing, sequencing, and duration of targeted treatments. Furthermore, there are open questions regarding which specific BRAF/MEK inhibitors to use, the potential need for combination therapy, and the strategies for managing intolerable adverse events. Finally, ensuring equitable access to these therapies, especially in healthcare systems with limited resources, is crucial to prevent widening healthcare disparities. In conclusion, targeted therapy with BRAF/MEK inhibitors holds great promise for improving outcomes and quality of life for patients with BRAF-mutated craniopharyngiomas. However, additional research is needed to address the questions that remain about its optimal use and integration into comprehensive treatment plans."
9724,brain tumour,38300392,Etomidate inhibits tumor growth of glioblastoma by regulating M1 macrophage polarization.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common primary central nervous system tumor. Although the multimodal integrated treatment for GBM has made great progress in recent years, the overall survival time of GBM is still short. Thus, novel treatments for GBM are worth further investigation and exploration. This study aimed to investigate the effects of etomidate on GBM tumor growth and the underlying mechanism. A xenograft tumor model was established and treated with etomidate to assess tumor growth. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay evaluated the positive rate of Ki67 cells in tumor tissues. Cell counting kit (CCK)-8 and EdU assays accessed the cell viability and proliferation. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining detected the distribution of macrophage markers in tumor tissues. The percentages of M1- and M2-like macrophages in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and co-culture system (macrophages and GBM cells) were detected using flow cytometry. Macrophage polarization-related genes were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Etomidate treatment inhibited the tumor growth, and increased the CD86"
9725,brain tumour,38300389,Two is better than one: longitudinal detection and volumetric evaluation of brain metastases after Stereotactic Radiosurgery with a deep learning pipeline.,"Close MRI surveillance of patients with brain metastases following Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) treatment is essential for assessing treatment response and the current disease status in the brain. This follow-up necessitates the comparison of target lesion sizes in pre- (prior) and post-SRS treatment (current) T1W-Gad MRI scans. Our aim was to evaluate SimU-Net, a novel deep-learning model for the detection and volumetric analysis of brain metastases and their temporal changes in paired prior and current scans."
9726,brain tumour,38300388,Evaluating contouring accuracy and dosimetry impact of current MRI-guided adaptive radiation therapy for brain metastases: a retrospective study.,"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided adaptive radiotherapy (MRgART) has gained increasing attention, showing clinical advantages over conventional radiotherapy. However, there are concerns regarding online target delineation and modification accuracy. In our study, we aimed to investigate the accuracy of brain metastases (BMs) contouring and its impact on dosimetry in 1.5 T MRI-guided online adaptive fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT)."
9727,brain tumour,38300188,LET,A first of its kind experimental verification of dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LET
9728,brain tumour,38300187,Brain and Brain Stem Necrosis After Reirradiation for Recurrent Childhood Primary Central Nervous System Tumors: A PENTEC Comprehensive Review.,Reirradiation is increasingly used in children and adolescents/young adults (AYA) with recurrent primary central nervous system tumors. The Pediatric Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic (PENTEC) reirradiation task force aimed to quantify risks of brain and brain stem necrosis after reirradiation.
9729,brain tumour,38299968,"Cuproptosis: Mechanism, role, and advances in urological malignancies.","Prostate, bladder, and kidney cancers are the most common malignancies of the urinary system. Chemotherapeutic drugs are generally used as adjuvant treatment in the middle, late, or recurrence stages after surgery for urologic cancers. However, traditional chemotherapy is plagued by problems such as poor efficacy, severe side effects, and complications. Copper-containing nanomedicines are promising novel cancer treatment modalities that can potentially overcome these disadvantages. Copper homeostasis and cuproptosis play crucial roles in the development, adaptability, and therapeutic sensitivity of urological malignancies. Cuproptosis refers to the direct binding of copper ions to lipoylated components of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, leading to protein oligomerization, loss of iron-sulfur proteins, proteotoxic stress, and cell death. This review focuses on copper homeostasis and cuproptosis as well as recent findings on copper and cuproptosis in urological malignancies. Furthermore, we highlight the potential therapeutic applications of copper- and cuproptosis-targeted therapies to better understand cuproptosis-based drugs for the treatment of urological tumors in the future."
9730,brain tumour,38299834,Microsurgical Resection of a Thalamic Tumor Using an Endoscopic Contralateral Supracerebellar Infratentorial Keyhole Approach: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.,"The surgical treatment of the thalamic lesions is one of the most technically challenging interventions because of their deep-seated location and the proximity of the surrounding vital neurovascular structures: thalamic nuclei, limbic system components, visual and oculomotricity pathways, deep cerebral veins, and posterior cerebral artery branches.1 Traditional microsurgical approaches for these lesions usually require large open craniotomies and further retraction or resection of neural tissue to facilitate better visualization, associating significant postoperative morbidity or even mortality. The recent improvements in high-resolution fiber optics technology have allowed neurosurgeons to expand their surgical armamentarium for tackling these difficult-to-reach lesions. The patient consented to the procedure, and in this surgical video, we try to emphasize the advantages of an endoscopic supracerebellar infratentorial approach over the classic microsurgical approach, along with the keyhole craniotomy and the sitting positioning of the patient. The endoscope provides better visualization-dynamic in-depth view of the anatomic and pathological structures, angled-optics help the surgeon to see ""around-the-corner,"" and the entire procedure is a more comfortable experience for the surgeon and also for the patient, using the minimally invasive techniques. Moreover, we underline the need for a strong collaboration with an experienced endoscopic surgeon (for eg, ear, nose and throat surgeon), as for other endoscopic skull base approaches. The participants and any identifiable individuals consented to publication of his/her image."
9731,brain tumour,38299748,Mitocytosis Mediated by an Enzyme-Activable Mitochondrion-Disturbing Polymer-Drug Conjugate Enhances Active Penetration in Glioblastoma Therapy.,"The application of nanomedicines for glioblastoma (GBM) therapy is hampered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the dense glioblastoma tissue. To achieve efficient BBB crossing and deep GBM penetration, this work demonstrates a strategy of active transcellular transport of a mitochondrion-disturbing nanomedicine, pGBEMA"
9732,brain tumour,38299668,Association of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide with survival among US cancer survivors.,"N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a cardiac biomarker associated with the risk of heart failure and death in the general population, but it has not been explored in cancer survivors."
9733,brain tumour,38299428,Self-Disassembling and Oxygen-Generating Porphyrin-Lipoprotein Nanoparticle for Targeted Glioblastoma Resection and Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy.,"The dismal prognosis for glioblastoma multiform (GBM) patients is primarily attributed to the highly invasive tumor residual that remained after surgical intervention. The development of precise intraoperative imaging and postoperative residual removal techniques will facilitate the gross total elimination of GBM. Here, a self-disassembling porphyrin lipoprotein-coated calcium peroxide nanoparticles (PLCNP) is developed to target GBM via macropinocytosis, allowing for fluorescence-guided surgery of GBM and improving photodynamic treatment (PDT) of GBM residual by alleviating hypoxia. By reducing self-quenching and enhancing lysosome escape efficiency, the incorporation of calcium peroxide (CaO"
9734,brain tumour,38299393,Analysis of Clinical Success and Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Novel Anti-glioblastoma Drugs: A Review.,"Gliomas and glioblastomas (GBM) are common primary malignant brain tumors, which are highly malignant and have a poor prognosis. The presence of cancer stem cells with unrestricted proliferative capacity and ability to generate glial neoplastic cells, the diffuse nature of GBM, and other specific factors of GBM contribute to poor results of drug therapy in patients with GBM. Despite the worldwide efforts to improve the treatment, many novel anti-GBM drugs are active just in vitro, in silico, and in preclinical trials, and they sometimes demonstrate poor or no activity in clinical trials. In this paper, we have casually selected and analyzed the most promising evidence-based results related to glioblastoma treatment at FDA and Clinical Trials.gov databases. It was observed that the most prospective trend in the development of anti-GBM drugs is combination therapy vs. monotherapy. Our analysis of clinical trials has allowed us to predict that the most promising combination therapy that has shown the best results in patient's surveillance should include drugs that block different growth-promoting signals in glioblastoma cells and that are activated by the V600E BRAF mutation. One drug should inhibit signals from the BRAF protein, whereas the second drug in combination should inhibit signals from the MEK protein Methods: The content of this review is based on information obtained from PubMed, ClinicalTrials. gov, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (https://www.fda.gov/). In ClinicalTrials.gov, we retrieved studies published from January 1, 2015. In the data search, ""Glioblastoma"" was used as the keyword. A study was deleted if it studied remedies for concomitant tumor diseases, as well as if it did not include descriptions of treatment methods and/or if GBM was not mentioned. The analysis of the effectiveness of treatment was carried out according to the increasing overall survival in GBM patients, compared to the gold standard for this cancer."
9735,brain tumour,38299304,Novel insights on genetics and epigenetics as clinical targets for paediatric astrocytoma.,"Paediatric and adult astrocytomas are notably different, where clinical treatments used for adults are not as effective on children with the same form of cancer and these treatments lead to adverse long-term health concerns. Integrative omics-based studies have shown the pathology and fundamental molecular characteristics differ significantly and cannot be extrapolated from the more widely studied adult disease. Recent clinical advances in our understanding of paediatric astrocytomas, with the aid of next-generation sequencing and epigenome-wide profiling, have led to the identification of key canonical mutations that vary based on the tumour location and age of onset. These driver mutations, in particular the identification of the recurrent histone H3 mutations in high-grade tumours, have confirmed the important role epigenetic dysregulations play in cancer progression. This review summarises the current updates of the classification, epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical management of paediatric astrocytoma based on their grades and the ongoing clinical trials. It also provides novel insights on genetic and epigenetic alterations as diagnostic biomarkers, highlighting the potential of targeting these pathways as therapeutics for this devastating childhood cancer."
9736,brain tumour,38299171,Single isocenter dynamic conformal arcs-based radiosurgery for brain metastases: Dosimetric comparison with Cyberknife and clinical investigation.,"To compare the dosimetric quality of automatic multiple brain metastases planning (MBM) with that of Cyberknife (CK) based on the clinical tumor condition, such as the tumor number, size, and location."
9737,brain tumour,38299146,The CXCL16-CXCR6 axis in glioblastoma modulates T-cell activity in a spatiotemporal context.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) pathobiology is characterized by its significant induction of immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment, predominantly mediated by immunosuppressive tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs). Myeloid cells play a pivotal role in shaping the GBM microenvironment and influencing immune responses, with direct interactions with effector immune cells critically impacting these processes."
9738,brain tumour,38298673,An epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated lung adenocarcinoma patient with brain lesions resisted to osimertinib monotherapy but achieved more than 4 years of survival in osimertinib plus bevacizumab metronomic treatment.,"Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations have been identified as promising therapeutic targets for non-small cell lung cancer. Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor-targeting drug, has good anti-tumor ability and excellent intracranial effects. However, management of osimertinib resistance is a clinical challenge. The clinical benefit of osimertinib combined with the antiangiogenic drug, bevacizumab, remains to be determined."
9739,brain tumour,38298532,Multisequence MRI-based radiomics signature as potential biomarkers for differentiating KRAS mutations in non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastases.,"Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) has evolved from a genotype with predictive value to a therapeutic target recently. The study aimed to establish non-invasive radiomics models based on MRI to discriminate KRAS from epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations in lung cancer patients with brain metastases (BM), then further explore the optimal sequence for prediction."
9740,brain tumour,38298343,POST-OPERATIVE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT ADMISSION FOR ELECTIVE BRAIN TUMOUR SURGERIES: A NIGERIAN NEUROSURGICAL UNIT EXPERIENCE.,"Patients, post elective brain tumour surgeries, are usually admitted into the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for quick identification of life-threatening complications or for elective ventilation. The Covid-19 pandemic exerted additional strain on the limited ICU spaces. This study was to probe the need for ICU admission following elective surgery for brain tumour in our environment on the background of enormous constraints."
9741,brain tumour,38298333,RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF MRI PATTERN OF GLIOBLASTOMA IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN NIGERIA.,"Malignant gliomas, especially glioblastomas, are among the most aggressive and devastating of cancers, commonly producing profound progressive disability and leading to death in most cases. Conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with gadolinium-based contrast agents is the most widely established and most useful tool in the characterization of cerebral tumors including Glioblastomas. This study aims to describe the imaging characteristics of Glioblastoma in African patients using conventional MR imaging."
9742,brain tumour,38298142,Tumor Volume Growth as Surrogate Endpoint in IDH-mt Glioma-Response.,No abstract found
9743,brain tumour,38298141,Tumor Volume Growth as Surrogate Endpoint in IDH-mt Glioma-Letter.,No abstract found
9744,brain tumour,38298064,Development of Complementary Photo-arginine/lysine to Promote Discovery of Arg/Lys hPTMs Interactomes.,"Arginine and lysine, frequently appearing as a pair on histones, have been proven to carry diverse modifications and execute various epigenetic regulatory functions. However, the most context-specific and transient effectors of these marks, while significant, have evaded study as detection methods have thus far not reached a standard to capture these ephemeral events. Herein, a pair of complementary photo-arginine/δ-photo-lysine (R-dz/K-dz) probes is developed and involve these into histone peptide, nucleosome, and chromatin substrates to capture and explore the interactomes of Arg and Lys hPTMs. By means of these developed tools, this study identifies that H3R2me2a can recruit MutS protein homolog 6 (MSH6), otherwise repelDouble PHD fingers 2 (DPF2), Retinoblastoma binding protein 4/7 (RBBP4/7). And it is disclosed that H3R2me2a inhibits the chromatin remodeling activity of the cBAF complex by blocking the interaction between DPF2 (one component of cBAF) and the nucleosome. In addition, the novel pairs of H4K5 PTMs and respective readers are highlighted, namely H4K5me-Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 2 (L3MBTL2), H4K5me2-L3MBTL2, and H4K5acK8ac-YEATS domain-containing protein 4 (YEATS4). These powerful tools pave the way for future investigation of related epigenetic mechanisms including but not limited to hPTMs."
9745,brain tumour,38298057,UBA3 promotes the occurrence and metastasis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma through MAPK signaling pathway.,"Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) accounts for approximately 15% of primary liver cancers, and the incidence rate has been increasing in recent years. Surgical resection is the best treatment for ICC, but the 5-year survival rate is less than 30%. ICC signature genes are crucial for the early diagnosis of ICC, so it is especially important to identify signature genes. The aim of this study is to screen the signature genes of ICC and find the potential target for the treatment of ICC. We find that UBA3 is highly expressed in ICC, and knockdown of "
9746,brain tumour,38297856,[Characteristics and therapeutic strategies of Pott's puffy tumor].,
9747,brain tumour,38297350,Rare germline mutation and MSH2-&MSH6 + expression in a double primary carcinoma of colorectal carcinoma and endometrial carcinoma: a case report.,"Multiple primary malignancies are rare in cancer patients, and risk factors may include genetics, viral infection, smoking, radiation, and other environmental factors. Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most prevalent form of hereditary predisposition to double primary colorectal and endometrial cancer in females. LS, also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is a common autosomal dominant condition. Pathogenic germline variants in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, namely MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2, and less frequently, deletions in the 3' end of EPCAM cause LS. It manifested itself as loss of MMR nuclear tumor staining (MMR protein deficient, dMMR)."
9748,brain tumour,38297143,Cholesterol-fuelled glioblastoma.,No abstract found
9749,brain tumour,38296645,"Lucanthone, a Potential PPT1 Inhibitor, Perturbs Stemness, Reduces Tumor Microtube Formation, and Slows the Growth of Temozolomide-Resistant Gliomas In Vivo.","Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequently diagnosed primary central nervous system tumor in adults. Despite the standard of care therapy, which includes surgical resection, temozolomide chemotherapy, radiation and the newly added tumor-treating fields, median survival remains only ∼20 months. Unfortunately, GBM has a ∼100% recurrence rate, but after recurrence there are no Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies to limit tumor growth and enhance patient survival, as these tumors are resistant to temozolomide (TMZ). Recently, our laboratory reported that lucanthone slows GBM by inhibiting autophagic flux through lysosome targeting and decreases the number of Olig2+ glioma stem-like cells (GSC) in vitro and in vivo. We now additionally report that lucanthone efficiently abates stemness in patient-derived GSC and reduces tumor microtube formation in GSC, an emerging hallmark of treatment resistance in GBM. In glioma tumors derived from cells with acquired resistance to TMZ, lucanthone retains the ability to perturb tumor growth, inhibits autophagy by targeting lysosomes, and reduces Olig2 positivity. We also find that lucanthone may act as an inhibitor of palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1. Our results suggest that lucanthone may function as a potential treatment option for GBM tumors that are not amenable to TMZ treatment. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: We report that the antischistosome agent lucanthone impedes tumor growth in a preclinical model of temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma and reduces the numbers of stem-like glioma cells. In addition, it acts as an autophagy inhibitor, and its mechanism of action may be via inhibition of palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1. As there are no defined therapies approved for recurrent, TMZ-resistant tumor, lucanthone could emerge as a treatment for glioblastoma tumors that may not be amenable to TMZ both in the newly diagnosed and recurrent settings."
9750,brain tumour,38296644,Chemotherapeutics-Loaded Poly(Dopamine) Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Treatment.,"Chemophotothermal therapy is an emerging treatment of metastatic and drug-resistant cancer anomalies. Among various photothermal agents tested, poly(dopamine) provides an excellent biocompatible alternative that can be used to develop novel drug delivery carriers for cancer treatment. This study explores the synthesis of starch-encapsulated, poly(dopamine)-coated core-shell nanoparticles in a one-pot synthesis approach and by surfactant-free approach. The nanoparticles produced are embellished with polymeric stealth coatings and are tested for their physiologic stability, photothermal properties, and drug delivery in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer cell (TNBC) lines. Our results indicate that stealth polymer-coated nanoparticles exhibit superior colloidal stability under physiologic conditions, and are excellent photothermal agents, as determined by the increase in temperature of solution in the presence of nanoparticles, upon laser irradiation. The chemotherapeutic drug-loaded nanoparticles also showed concentration-dependent toxicities in TNBC and in a brain metastatic cell line. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study develops, for the first time, biocompatible core-shell nanoparticles in a template-free approach that can serve as a drug delivery carrier and as photothermal agents for cancer treatment."
9751,brain tumour,38296517,Procedural interventions for oligoprogression during treatment with immune checkpoint blockade in gynecologic malignancies: a case series.,"To evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of performing procedural interventions, defined as surgical resection, tumor ablation, or targeted radiation therapy, for oligoprogressive disease among patients with gynecologic malignancies who are treated with immune checkpoint blockade."
9752,brain tumour,38295954,"Ficonalkib (SY-3505) in Advanced ALK-Positive NSCLC: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase 1/2 Study.",Treatment options for second-generation (2
9753,brain tumour,38295915,Insights into the role of derailed endocytic trafficking pathway in cancer: From the perspective of cancer hallmarks.,"The endocytic trafficking pathway is a highly organized cellular program responsible for the regulation of membrane components and uptake of extracellular substances. Molecules internalized into the cell through endocytosis will be sorted for degradation or recycled back to membrane, which is determined by a series of sorting events. Many receptors, enzymes, and transporters on the membrane are strictly regulated by endocytic trafficking process, and thus the endocytic pathway has a profound effect on cellular homeostasis. However, the endocytic trafficking process is typically dysregulated in cancers, which leads to the aberrant retention of receptor tyrosine kinases and immunosuppressive molecules on cell membrane, the loss of adhesion protein, as well as excessive uptake of nutrients. Therefore, hijacking endocytic trafficking pathway is an important approach for tumor cells to obtain advantages of proliferation and invasion, and to evade immune attack. Here, we summarize how dysregulated endocytic trafficking process triggers tumorigenesis and progression from the perspective of several typical cancer hallmarks. The impact of endocytic trafficking pathway to cancer therapy efficacy is also discussed."
9754,brain tumour,38295914,Interleukin-18 in chronic pain: Focus on pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.,"Chronic pain has been proven to be an independent disease, other than an accompanying symptom of certain diseases. Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a pro-inflammatory cytokine with pleiotropic biological effects, participates in immune modulation, inflammatory response, tumor growth, as well as the process of chronic pain. Compelling evidence suggests that IL-18 is upregulated in the occurrence of chronic pain. Antagonism or inhibition of IL-18 expression can alleviate the occurrence and development of chronic pain. And IL-18 is located in microglia, while IL-18R is mostly located in astrocytes in the spinal cord. This indicates that the interaction between microglia and astrocytes mediated by the IL-18/IL-18R axis is involved in the occurrence of chronic pain. In this review, we described the role and mechanism of IL-18 in different types of chronic pain. This review provides strong evidence that IL-18 is a potential therapeutic target in pain management."
9755,brain tumour,38295889,The treatment of advanced melanoma: Current approaches and new challenges.,"In recent years, advances in melanoma treatment have renewed patient hope. This comprehensive review emphasizes the evolving treatment landscape, particularly highlighting first-line strategies and the interplay between immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and targeted therapies. Ipilimumab plus nivolumab has achieved the best median overall survival, exceeding 70 months. However, the introduction of new ICIs, like relatlimab, has added complexity to first-line therapy decisions. Our aim is to guide clinicians in making personalized treatment decisions. Various features, including brain metastases, PD-L1 expression, BRAF mutation, performance status, and prior adjuvant therapy, significantly impact the direction of advanced melanoma treatment. We also provide the latest insights into the treatment of rare melanoma subtypes, such as uveal melanoma, where tebentafusp has shown promising improvements in overall survival for metastatic uveal melanoma patients. This review provides invaluable insights for clinicians, enabling informed treatment choices and deepening our understanding of the multifaceted challenges associated with advanced melanoma management."
9756,brain tumour,38295870,Myeloid Cell-Triggered In Situ Cell Engineering for Robust Vaccine-Based Cancer Treatment.,"Following the success of the dendritic cell (DC) vaccine, the cell-based tumor vaccine shows its promise as a vaccination strategy. Except for DC cells, targeting other immune cells, especially myeloid cells, is expected to address currently unmet clinical needs (e.g., tumor types, safety issues such as cytokine storms, and therapeutic benefits). Here, it is shown that an in situ injected macroporous myeloid cell adoptive scaffold (MAS) not only actively delivers antigens (Ags) that are triggered by scaffold-infiltrating cell surface thiol groups but also releases granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and other adjuvant combos. Consequently, this promotes cell differentiation, activation, and migration from the produced monocyte and DC vaccines (MASVax) to stimulate antitumor T-cell immunity. Neoantigen-based MASVax combined with immune checkpoint blockade induces rejection of established tumors and long-term immune protection. The combined depletion of immunosuppressive myeloid cells further enhances the efficacy of MASVax, indicating the potential of myeloid cell-based therapies for immune enhancement and normalization treatment of cancer."
9757,brain tumour,38295649,Gint4.T-siHDGF chimera-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles encapsulating temozolomide for synergistic glioblastoma therapy.,"Due to glioblastoma (GBM) being the most intractable brain tumor, the continuous improvement of effective treatment methods is indispensable. The combination of siRNA-based gene therapy and chemotherapy for GBM treatment has now manifested great promise. Herein, Gint4.T-siHDGF chimera-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) encapsulating chemotherapy drug temozolomide (TMZ), termed as TMSN@siHDGF-Gint4.T, is developed to co-deliver gene-drug siHDGF and TMZ for synergistic GBM therapy. TMSN@siHDGF-Gint4.T possesses spherical nucleic acid-like architecture that can improve the enzyme resistance of siHDGF and increase the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of the nanovehicle. The aptamer Gint4.T of chimera endows the nanovehicle with GBM cell-specific binding ability. When administered systemically, TMSN@siHDGF-Gint4.T can traverse BBB and enter GBM cells. In the acidic lysosome environment, the cleavage of benzoic-imine bond on MSN surface leads to an initial rapid release of chimera, followed by a slow release of TMZ encapsulated in MSN. The sequential release of siHDGF and TMZ first allows siHDGF to exert its gene-silencing effect, and the downregulation of HDGF expression further enhances the cytotoxicity of TMZ. In vivo experimental results have demonstrated that TMSN@siHDGF-Gint4.T significantly inhibits tumor growth and extends the survival time of GBM-bearing mice. Thus, the as-developed TMSN@siHDGF-Gint4.T affords a potential approach for the combination treatment of GBM."
9758,brain tumour,38295487,Discovery of thiophen-2-ylmethylene bis-dimedone derivatives as novel WRN inhibitors for treating cancers with microsatellite instability.,"Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a hypermutable condition caused by DNA mismatch repair system defects, contributing to the development of various cancer types. Recent research has identified Werner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase (WRN) as a promising synthetic lethal target for MSI cancers. Herein, we report the first discovery of thiophen-2-ylmethylene bis-dimedone derivatives as novel WRN inhibitors for MSI cancer therapy. Initial computational analysis and biological evaluation identified a new scaffold for a WRN inhibitor. Subsequent SAR study led to the discovery of a highly potent WRN inhibitor. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the optimal compound induced DNA damage and apoptotic cell death in MSI cancer cells by inhibiting WRN. This study provides a new pharmacophore for WRN inhibitors, emphasizing their therapeutic potential for MSI cancers."
9759,brain tumour,38295430,Recurrent Cushing's Disease Caused by a TPIT-Lineage Densely Granulated Corticotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor: A Case Report.,"Recurrent Cushing's disease (recurrent CD) is an uncommon and intricate clinical form of Cushing's syndrome. However, the connection between the pathological types of ACTH-secreting PitNETs and the clinical signs of recurrent CD remains uncertain."
9760,brain tumour,38295184,Improved immunostaining of nanostructures and cells in human brain specimens through expansion-mediated protein decrowding.,"Proteins are densely packed in cells and tissues, where they form complex nanostructures. Expansion microscopy (ExM) variants have been used to separate proteins from each other in preserved biospecimens, improving antibody access to epitopes. Here, we present an ExM variant, decrowding expansion pathology (dExPath), that can expand proteins away from each other in human brain pathology specimens, including formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) clinical specimens. Immunostaining of dExPath-expanded specimens reveals, with nanoscale precision, previously unobserved cellular structures, as well as more continuous patterns of staining. This enhanced molecular staining results in observation of previously invisible disease marker-positive cell populations in human glioma specimens, with potential implications for tumor aggressiveness. dExPath results in improved fluorescence signals even as it eliminates lipofuscin-associated autofluorescence. Thus, this form of expansion-mediated protein decrowding may, through improved epitope access for antibodies, render immunohistochemistry more powerful in clinical science and, perhaps, diagnosis."
9761,brain tumour,38295147,Cerebrospinal Fluid cfDNA Sequencing for Classification of Central Nervous System Glioma.,"Primary central nervous system (CNS) gliomas can be classified by characteristic genetic alterations. In addition to solid tissue obtained via surgery or biopsy, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an alternative source of material for genomic analyses."
9762,brain tumour,38295144,Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Combination with Low-intensity Pulsed Ultrasound for Glioblastoma.,"We recently reported on clinical trials for patients with recurrent glioblastoma where low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and microbubbles (LIPU/MB) improved paclitaxel or carboplatin delivery into the brain. Here, we report variable local tumor control with paclitaxel at the maximal/target dose in our phase I trial (NCT04528680). To address this, we investigated the combination of paclitaxel with carboplatin in preclinical glioma models."
9763,brain tumour,38294950,Analgesic Effect of Exercise on Neuropathic Pain via Regulating the Complement Component 3 of Reactive Astrocytes.,"Exercise has been proven to be an efficient intervention in attenuating neuropathic pain. However, the underlying mechanisms that drive exercise analgesia remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to examine the role of complement component 3 (C3) in neuropathic pain and whether antinociceptive effects are produced by exercise via regulating C3 in mice."
9764,brain tumour,38294729,LncRNA PVT1 promotes neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage by regulating the miR-128-3p/TXNIP axis.,Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has significant morbidity and mortality. TXNIP and the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory mechanism involved in long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) play roles in ICH. We probed the upstream microRNAs (miRNAs)/lncRNAs that regulated TXNIP expression in the ceRNA mechanism.
9765,brain tumour,38294728,Altered whole-brain functional network in patients with frontal low-grade gliomas: a resting-state functional MRI study.,"Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumor. Currently, topological alterations of whole-brain functional network caused by gliomas are not fully understood. The work here clarified the topological reorganization of the functional network in patients with unilateral frontal low-grade gliomas (LGGs)."
9766,brain tumour,38294664,Rise of oligodendroglioma hypermutator phenotype from a subclone harboring TP53 mutation after TMZ treatment.,"Oligodendrogliomas characterized and defined by 1p/19q co-deletion are slowly growing tumors showing better prognosis than astrocytomas. TP53 mutation is rare in oligodendrogliomas while the vast majority of astrocytomas harbor the mutation, making TP53 mutation mutually exclusive with 1p/19q codeletion in lower grade gliomas virtually. We report a case of 51-year-old woman with a left fronto-temporal oligodendroglioma that contained a small portion with a TP53 mutation, R248Q, at the initial surgery. On a first, slow-growing recurrence 29 months after radiation and nitrosourea-based chemotherapy, the patient underwent TMZ chemotherapy. The recurrent tumor responded well to TMZ but developed a rapid progression after 6 cycles as a malignant hypermutator tumor with a MSH6 mutation. Most of the recurrent tumor lacked typical oligodendroglioma morphology that was observed in the primary tumor, while it retained the IDH1 mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion. The identical TP53 mutation observed in the small portion of the primary tumor was universal in the recurrence. This case embodied the theoretically understandable clonal expansion of the TP53 mutation with additional mismatch repair gene dysfunction leading to hypermutator phenotype. It thus indicated that TP53 mutation in oligodendroglioma, although not common, may play a critical role in the development of hypermutator after TMZ treatment."
9767,brain tumour,38294638,The effectiveness and safety of proton beam radiation therapy in children and young adults with Central Nervous System (CNS) tumours: a systematic review.,"Central nervous system (CNS) tumours account for around 25% of childhood neoplasms. With multi-modal therapy, 5-year survival is at around 75% in the UK. Conventional photon radiotherapy has made significant contributions to survival, but can be associated with long-term side effects. Proton beam radiotherapy (PBT) reduces the volume of irradiated tissue outside the tumour target volume which may potentially reduce toxicity. Our aim was to assess the effectiveness and safety of PBT and make recommendations for future research for this evolving treatment."
9768,brain tumour,38294637,Intrathecal chemotherapy for leptomeningeal disease in high-grade gliomas: a systematic review.,"Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) secondary to high grade glioma (HGG), such as glioblastoma (GBM), are characterized by the spread of tumor cells to the leptomeninges which further complicates treatment approaches. Intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy has surfaced as a potential strategy to bypass the blood-brain barrier and address the challenges posed by disseminated disease. Here, we present a review of the safety and efficacy of IT chemotherapy in the treatment of LMD secondary to HGG."
9769,brain tumour,38294603,Cancer survivorship programs at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.,"We sought to present the current status of survivorship programs at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute which include the David B. Perini, Jr. Quality of Life Clinic for survivors of childhood cancer, Stop and Shop Neuro-Oncology Outcomes Clinic for pediatric brain tumor survivors, and Adult Survivorship Program for adult cancer survivors including those diagnosed as adults (age 18 years and older) and adult survivors of childhood cancer, in an effort to share best practices as well as challenges."
9770,brain tumour,38293992,[Predicting cerebral glioma enhancement pattern using a machine learning-based magnetic resonance imaging radiomics model].,To establish a machine learning radiomics model that can accurately predict MRI enhancement patterns of glioma based on T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR) images for optimizing the workflow of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of glioma patients.
9771,brain tumour,38293985,[A multi-modal feature fusion classification model based on distance matching and discriminative representation learning for differentiation of high-grade glioma from solitary brain metastasis].,To explore the performance of a new multimodal feature fusion classification model based on distance matching and discriminative representation learning for differentiating high-grade glioma (HGG) from solitary brain metastasis (SBM).
9772,brain tumour,38293894,How will tovorafenib change our treatment of pediatric low-grade glioma?,No abstract found
9773,brain tumour,38293714,Cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab for previously treated MSI-H/dMMR solid tumours in the UK.,"Patients with previously treated microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H)/mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) tumours have limited chemotherapeutic treatment options. Pembrolizumab received approval from the EMA in 2022 for the treatment of colorectal, endometrial, gastric, small intestine, and biliary MSI-H/dMMR tumour types. This approval was supported by data from the KEYNOTE-164 and KEYNOTE-158 clinical trials. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab compared with standard of care (SoC) for previously treated MSI-H/dMMR solid tumours in line with the approved EMA label from a UK healthcare payer perspective."
9774,brain tumour,38293671,"A glycosylation-related gene signature predicts prognosis, immune microenvironment infiltration, and drug sensitivity in glioma.","Glioma represents the most common primary cancer of the central nervous system in adults. Glycosylation is a prevalent post-translational modification that occurs in eukaryotic cells, leading to a wide array of modifications on proteins. We obtained the clinical information, bulk RNA-seq data, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and Repository of Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (Rembrandt) databases. RNA sequencing data for normal brain tissues were accessed from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database. Then, the glycosylation genes that were differentially expressed were identified and further subjected to variable selection using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-regularized Cox model. We further conducted enrichment analysis, qPCR, nomogram, and single-cell transcriptome to detect the glycosylation signature. Drug sensitivity analysis was also conducted. A five-gene glycosylation signature ("
9775,brain tumour,38293652,Non-neoplastic astrocytes: key players for brain tumor progression.,"Astrocytes are highly plastic cells whose activity is essential to maintain the cerebral homeostasis, regulating synaptogenesis and synaptic transmission, vascular and metabolic functions, ions, neuro- and gliotransmitters concentrations. In pathological conditions, astrocytes may undergo transient or long-lasting molecular and functional changes that contribute to disease resolution or exacerbation. In recent years, many studies demonstrated that non-neoplastic astrocytes are key cells of the tumor microenvironment that contribute to the pathogenesis of glioblastoma, the most common primary malignant brain tumor and of secondary metastatic brain tumors. This Mini Review covers the recent development of research on non-neoplastic astrocytes as tumor-modulators. Their double-edged capability to promote cancer progression or to represent potential tools to counteract brain tumors will be discussed."
9776,brain tumour,38293546,Bibliometric analysis of research trends on the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and PARP inhibitors in solid tumors.,"Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has made significant achievements in the therapeutics of various tumor types, and recently growing evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials has indicated that poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are exhibiting encouraging synergism with ICIs. The aim of our current study is to explore the development pattern of literature related to the combined therapy of ICIs and PARPi in solid tumors from a bibliometric perspective."
9777,brain tumour,38293120,Glioma-Induced Alterations in Excitatory Neurons are Reversed by mTOR Inhibition.,"Gliomas are highly aggressive brain tumors characterized by poor prognosis and composed of diffusely infiltrating tumor cells that intermingle with non-neoplastic cells in the tumor microenvironment, including neurons. Neurons are increasingly appreciated as important reactive components of the glioma microenvironment, due to their role in causing hallmark glioma symptoms, such as cognitive deficits and seizures, as well as their potential ability to drive glioma progression. Separately, mTOR signaling has been shown to have pleiotropic effects in the brain tumor microenvironment, including regulation of neuronal hyperexcitability. However, the local cellular-level effects of mTOR inhibition on glioma-induced neuronal alterations are not well understood. Here we employed neuron-specific profiling of ribosome-bound mRNA via 'RiboTag,' morphometric analysis of dendritic spines, and in vivo calcium imaging, along with pharmacological mTOR inhibition to investigate the impact of glioma burden and mTOR inhibition on these neuronal alterations. The RiboTag analysis of tumor-associated excitatory neurons showed a downregulation of transcripts encoding excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic proteins and dendritic spine development, and an upregulation of transcripts encoding cytoskeletal proteins involved in dendritic spine turnover. Light and electron microscopy of tumor-associated excitatory neurons demonstrated marked decreases in dendritic spine density. In vivo two-photon calcium imaging in tumor-associated excitatory neurons revealed progressive alterations in neuronal activity, both at the population and single-neuron level, throughout tumor growth. This in vivo calcium imaging also revealed altered stimulus-evoked somatic calcium events, with changes in event rate, size, and temporal alignment to stimulus, which was most pronounced in neurons with high-tumor burden. A single acute dose of AZD8055, a combined mTORC1/2 inhibitor, reversed the glioma-induced alterations on the excitatory neurons, including the alterations in ribosome-bound transcripts, dendritic spine density, and stimulus evoked responses seen by calcium imaging. These results point to mTOR-driven pathological plasticity in neurons at the infiltrative margin of glioma - manifested by alterations in ribosome-bound mRNA, dendritic spine density, and stimulus-evoked neuronal activity. Collectively, our work identifies the pathological changes that tumor-associated excitatory neurons experience as both hyperlocal and reversible under the influence of mTOR inhibition, providing a foundation for developing therapies targeting neuronal signaling in glioma."
9778,brain tumour,38293000,Giant Extracranial Meningioma Associated With Hormonal Imbalances Due to Thyroidectomy: Case Report and Literature Review.,"Meningiomas represent a prevalent class of primary brain tumors, with malignancies such as World Health Organization grade III meningiomas posing significant clinical challenges due to their aggressive nature and potential for recurrence. This case report showcases the clinical journey of a 67-year-old female patient presenting with a giant malignant meningioma post-thyroidectomy, who unfortunately succumbed to postoperative complications. The report offers a comprehensive analysis of the tumor's clinical presentation, including its substantial size, which qualifies it as a 'giant' meningioma, and explores the patient's endocrine dysfunction as a possible contributing factor to her neurological pathology. In the broader context of meningioma management, the report synthesizes data from multiple studies, underscoring the higher incidence of such malignancies in post-pubertal women and the complexity of treatment modalities. Surgical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment, especially when combined with adjuvant therapies. The report concludes with a discussion on the persistent gaps in knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of giant malignant meningiomas and the need for further research, particularly concerning the role of endocrine dysregulation in their development. This case underscores the imperative for multidisciplinary approaches and individualized treatment strategies in the management of malignant meningiomas, with an emphasis on the intricate interplay between endocrine factors and tumor progression."
9779,brain tumour,38292980,Robotic Radiosurgical Boost After Whole-Brain Radiotherapy for 12 Brain Metastases: En Bloc Consecutive Irradiation With Comprehensively Optimized Single Plan for Eight Lesions Totaling 118 cc.,General radiotherapeutic management for >10 brain metastases (BMs) totaling >100 cm
9780,brain tumour,38292838,Analysis of the potential biological value of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit β in human cancer.,"The pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit β (PDHB) gene which regulates energy metabolism is located in mitochondria. However, few studies have elucidated the role and mechanism of PDHB in different cancers."
9781,brain tumour,38292663,Prognostic factors of breast cancer brain metastasis.,In this editorial we comment on the article by Chen 
9782,brain tumour,38292414,A Comparative Study Evaluating the Quality of Life and Survival Outcomes in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy Versus Oral Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in the Third Line and Beyond Setting for Advanced NSCLC.,"The outcomes in advanced NSCLC have improved owing to the availability of more effective systemic and improved supportive care. This has increased the number of patients who seek treatment in the third line and beyond setting. We conducted this study to compare the quality of life (QoL), toxicity, and outcomes in patients receiving chemotherapy and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in this setting."
9783,brain tumour,38292257,Retinal Ischemia as a Presenting Ocular Sign of Neurofibromatosis Type 2.,
9784,brain tumour,38292239,"Rapid, economical diagnostic classification of ATRT molecular subgroup using NanoString nCounter platform.","Despite genomic simplicity, recent studies have reported at least 3 major atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) subgroups with distinct molecular and clinical features. Reliable ATRT subgrouping in clinical settings remains challenging due to a lack of suitable biological markers, sample rarity, and the relatively high cost of conventional subgrouping methods. This study aimed to develop a reliable ATRT molecular stratification method to implement in clinical settings."
9785,brain tumour,38292193,Transcriptomic analysis identifies the neuropeptide cortistatin (CORT) as an inhibitor of temozolomide (TMZ) resistance by suppressing the NF-κB-MGMT signaling axis in human glioma.,"Glioma is a common tumor originating in the brain that has a high mortality rate. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line treatment for high-grade gliomas. However, a large proportion of gliomas are resistant to TMZ, posing a great challenge to their treatment. In the study, the specific functions and mechanism(s) by which cortistatin (CORT) regulates TMZ resistance and glioma progression were evaluated. The decreased expression of CORT was detected in glioma tissues, and highly expressed CORT was associated with a better survival rate in patients with glioma. CORT overexpression notably decreased the capacity of glioma cells to proliferate and migrate "
9786,brain tumour,38292022,The risk analysis index demonstrates superior discriminative ability in predicting extended length of stay in pituitary adenoma resection patients when compared to the 5-point modified frailty index.,To compare the predictive abilities of two frailty indices on post-operative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing pituitary adenoma resection.
9787,brain tumour,38291976,Survival prediction using apparent diffusion coefficient values in recurrent glioblastoma under bevacizumab treatment: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Bevacizumab is a common strategy for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma. Survival status is a crucial issue for patients with recurrent glioblastoma, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the lower Gaussian curve have been reported to have the potential to predict prognosis in recurrent glioblastoma. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the survival prediction of ADC values in patients with recurrent glioblastoma receiving bevacizumab treatment through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials, comparing ADC values higher than the cut-off values with those lower than the cut-off values to determine which type of ADC values can be associated with significant survival benefits. Different survival indicators were analyzed, including overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Ten studies with a total of 782 patients with recurrent glioblastoma were included. The focused outcomes were OS and PFS. Our results showed that ADC values lower than the cut-off values were associated with significant benefits for OS status compared with ADC values higher than the cut-off values. Similar significant benefits were observed for PFS. The meta-analysis results suggest that ADC values lower than the cut-off values might be associated with significant benefits for OS and PFS when compared with ADC values higher than the cut-off values. However, bias in relation to the different stages of recurrent glioblastoma and different types, doses, and regimens of bevacizumab should not be ignored."
9788,brain tumour,38291839,The Optimal Targeting for Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy Differs between Dystonic and Essential Tremor: A 12-Month Prospective Pilot Study.,Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy is increasingly used to treat drug-resistant essential tremor (ET). Data on MRgFUS thalamotomy in dystonic tremor (DT) are anecdotal.
9789,brain tumour,38291797,High Intraoperative Serum Lactate Level is Associated with Acute Kidney Injury after Brain Tumor Resection.,Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Identification of risk factors for postoperative AKI is clinically important. Serum lactate can increase in situations of inadequate oxygen delivery and is widely used to assess a patient's clinical course. We investigated the association between intraoperative serum lactate levels and AKI after brain tumor resection.
9790,brain tumour,38291768,Empowering brain cancer diagnosis: harnessing artificial intelligence for advanced imaging insights.,"Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used in the medical field, specifically for brain cancer imaging. In this review, we explore how AI-powered medical imaging can impact the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of brain cancer. We discuss various AI techniques, including deep learning and causality learning, and their relevance. Additionally, we examine current applications that provide practical solutions for detecting, classifying, segmenting, and registering brain tumors. Although challenges such as data quality, availability, interpretability, transparency, and ethics persist, we emphasise the enormous potential of intelligent applications in standardising procedures and enhancing personalised treatment, leading to improved patient outcomes. Innovative AI solutions have the power to revolutionise neuro-oncology by enhancing the quality of routine clinical practice."
9791,brain tumour,38291744,Comparison of Clinicopathogenomic Features and Treatment Outcomes of EGFR and HER2 Exon 20 Insertion Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Single-Institution Experience.,Exon 20 insertion mutations (E20ins) in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients has become more important with emergence of novel agents targeting E20ins.
9792,brain tumour,38291529,Potential prognostic determinants for FET::CREB fusion-positive intracranial mesenchymal tumor.,"Intracranial mesenchymal tumor (IMT), FET::CREB fusion-positive is a provisional tumor type in the 2021 WHO classification of central nervous system tumors with limited information available. Herein, we describe five new IMT cases from four females and one male with three harboring an EWSR1::CREM fusion and two featuring an EWSR1::ATF1 fusion. Uniform manifold approximation and projection of DNA methylation array data placed two cases to the methylation class ""IMT, subclass B"", one to ""meningioma-benign"" and one to ""meningioma-intermediate"". A literature review identified 74 cases of IMTs (current five cases included) with a median age of 23 years (range 4-79 years) and a slight female predominance (female/male ratio = 1.55). Among the confirmed fusions, 25 (33.8%) featured an EWSR1::ATF1 fusion, 24 (32.4%) EWSR1::CREB1, 23 (31.1%) EWSR1::CREM, one (1.4%) FUS::CREM, and one (1.4%) EWSR1::CREB3L3. Among 66 patients with follow-up information available (median: 17 months; range: 1-158 months), 26 (39.4%) experienced progression/recurrences (median 10.5 months; range 0-120 months). Ultimately, three patients died of disease, all of whom underwent a subtotal resection for an EWSR1::ATF1 fusion-positive tumor. Outcome analysis revealed subtotal resection as an independent factor associated with a significantly shorter progression free survival (PFS; median: 12 months) compared with gross total resection (median: 60 months; p < 0.001). A younger age (< 14 years) was associated with a shorter PFS (median: 9 months) compared with an older age (median: 49 months; p < 0.05). Infratentorial location was associated with a shorter overall survival compared with supratentorial (p < 0.05). In addition, the EWSR1::ATF1 fusion appeared to be associated with a shorter overall survival compared with the other fusions (p < 0.05). In conclusion, IMT is a locally aggressive tumor with a high recurrence rate. Potential risk factors include subtotal resection, younger age, infratentorial location, and possibly EWSR1::ATF1 fusion. Larger case series are needed to better define prognostic determinants in these tumors."
9793,brain tumour,38291499,"MRI-derived radiomics assessing tumor-infiltrating macrophages enable prediction of immune-phenotype, immunotherapy response and survival in glioma.","The tumor immune microenvironment can influence the prognosis and treatment response to immunotherapy. We aimed to develop a non-invasive radiomic signature in high-grade glioma (HGG) to predict the absolute density of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), the preponderant immune cells in the microenvironment of HGG. We also aimed to evaluate the association between the signature, and tumor immune phenotype as well as response to immunotherapy."
9794,brain tumour,38291411,"Temporal trend in hospitalizations for malignant neoplasm and benign neoplasm: a nationwide study, China, 2004-2020.","The increasing cancer burden calls for reliably assessed changes in the hospitalizations for tumors over time and space in China. This study evaluated trends in hospitalization rate, in-hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), and medical costs for malignant and benign neoplasms. Data were derived from China Health Statistical Yearbooks from 2004 to 2020. Temporal trends in hospitalization rates and in-hospital mortality rates were assessed through the Cochran-Armitage Test. We used the linear model with continuous variables to test for the trend. The malignant neoplasm hospitalization rate increased from 1.1‰ to 5.8‰ and the benign neoplasm increased from 1.0‰ to 2.0‰. The in-hospital mortality rate due to malignant neoplasm and benign neoplasm decreased from 5.11 to 2.87% (P for trend < 0.001) and 0.14-0.01% (P for trend < 0.001), respectively. Among all patients hospitalized with malignant neoplasm, the average cost per hospitalization significantly increased during the study period (P for trend < 0.001), adjusted for the Consumer Price Index. However, the average LOS gradually decreased (P for trend < 0.001). In line with the trend of malignant neoplasm, the average cost per hospitalization increased significantly among all patients hospitalized for benign neoplasm (P for trend < 0.001), and the average LOS showed a steady downward trend (P for trend < 0.001). We found upward trends in hospitalization rates, and medical costs in neoplasms. By contrast, substantial decreases in in-hospital mortality and LOS. The hospitalization rate gap between urban and rural areas is narrowed."
9795,brain tumour,38291266,AI-driven estimation of O6 methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation in glioblastoma patients: a systematic review with bias analysis.,"Accurate and non-invasive estimation of MGMT promoter methylation status in glioblastoma (GBM) patients is of paramount clinical importance, as it is a predictive biomarker associated with improved overall survival (OS). In response to the clinical need, recent studies have focused on the development of non-invasive artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods for MGMT estimation. In this systematic review, we not only delve into the technical aspects of these AI-driven MGMT estimation methods but also emphasize their profound clinical implications. Specifically, we explore the potential impact of accurate non-invasive MGMT estimation on GBM patient care and treatment decisions."
9796,brain tumour,38291182,An exploratory prospective phase II study of preoperative neoadjuvant bevacizumab and temozolomide for newly diagnosed glioblastoma.,This multi-institutional phase I/II study was conducted to confirm the safety and explore the clinical utility of preoperative Bevacizumab (Bev) for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GB).
9797,brain tumour,38291129,Histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation-specific reprogramming regulates esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression and metastasis.,"Dysregulation of histone acetylation is widely implicated in tumorigenesis, yet its specific roles in the progression and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unclear. Here, we profiled the genome-wide landscapes of H3K9ac for paired adjacent normal (Nor), primary ESCC (EC) and metastatic lymph node (LNC) esophageal tissues from three ESCC patients. Compared to H3K27ac, we identified a distinct epigenetic reprogramming specific to H3K9ac in EC and LNC samples relative to Nor samples. This H3K9ac-related reprogramming contributed to the transcriptomic aberration of targeting genes, which were functionally associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. Notably, genes with gained H3K9ac signals in both primary and metastatic lymph node samples (common-gained gene) were significantly enriched in oncogenes. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis further revealed that the corresponding top 15 common-gained genes preferred to be enriched in mesenchymal cells with high metastatic potential. Additionally, in vitro experiment demonstrated that the removal of H3K9ac from the common-gained gene MSI1 significantly downregulated its transcription, resulting in deficiencies in ESCC cell proliferation and migration. Together, our findings revealed the distinct characteristics of H3K9ac in esophageal squamous cell carcinogenesis and metastasis, and highlighted the potential therapeutic avenue for intervening ESCC through epigenetic modulation via H3K9ac."
9798,brain tumour,38290965,Outcomes of Patients with Brain Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma Receiving First-line Therapies: Results from the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium.,"Patients with brain metastases (BrM) from renal cell carcinoma and their outcomes are not well characterized owing to frequent exclusion of this population from clinical trials. We analyzed data for patients with or without BrM using the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC). A total of 389/4799 patients (8.1%) had BrM on initiation of systemic therapy. First-line immuno-oncology (IO)-based combination therapy was associated with longer median overall survival (OS; 32.7 mo, 95% confidence interval [CI] 22.3-not reached) versus tyrosine kinase inhibitor monotherapy (20.6 mo, 95% CI 15.7-24.5; p = 0.019), as were intensive focal therapies with stereotactic radiotherapy or neurosurgery (31.4 mo, 95% CI 22.3-37.5) versus whole-brain radiotherapy alone or no focal therapy (16.5 mo, 95% CI 10.2-21.1; p = 0.028). On multivariable analysis, IO-based regimens (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.25-0.97; p = 0.040) and stereotactic radiotherapy or neurosurgery (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.29-0.78; p = 0.003) were independently associated with longer OS, as was IMDC favorable or intermediate risk (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.24-0.66; p < 0.001). Intensive systemic and focal therapies were associated with better prognosis in this population. Further studies should explore the clinical effectiveness of multimodal strategies. PATIENT SUMMARY: In a large group of patients with advanced kidney cancer, we found that 8.1% had brain metastases when starting systemic therapy. Patients with brain metastases had significantly poorer prognosis than those without brain metastases. Receipt of combination immunotherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy, or neurosurgery was associated with longer overall survival."
9799,brain tumour,38290824,"Mosaic RASopathies concept: different skin lesions, same systemic manifestations?",Cutaneous epidermal nevi are genotypically diverse mosaic disorders. Pathogenic hotspot variants in 
9800,brain tumour,38290737,Back to the Future: Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Photon-Counting Detector CT for the Detection of Pituitary Adenoma in Cushing Disease.,"Historically, MR imaging has been unable to detect a pituitary adenoma in up to one-half of patients with Cushing disease. This issue is problematic because the standard-of-care treatment is surgical resection, and its success is correlated with finding the tumor on imaging. Photon-counting detector CT is a recent advancement that has multiple benefits over conventional energy-integrating detector CT. We present the use of dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging using photon-counting detector CT for the detection of pituitary adenomas in patients with Cushing disease."
9801,brain tumour,38290591,TIMP1/CHI3L1 facilitates glioma progression and immunosuppression via NF-κB activation.,"Gliomas are highly heterogeneous brain tumours that are resistant to therapies. The molecular signatures of gliomas play a high-ranking role in tumour prognosis and treatment. In addition, patients with gliomas with a mesenchymal phenotype manifest overpowering immunosuppression and sophisticated resistance to treatment. Thus, studies on gene/protein coexpression networks and hub genes in gliomas holds promise in determining effective treatment strategies. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to. Using average linkage hierarchical clustering, 13 modules and 224 hub genes were described. Top ten hub genes (CLIC1, EMP3, TIMP1, CCDC109B, CASP4, MSN, ANXA2P2, CHI3L1, TAGLN2, S100A11), selected from the most meaningful module, were associated with poor prognosis. String analysis, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence revealed a significant correlation between TIMP1 and CHI3L1. Furthermore, we found, both in vivo and in vitro, that TIMP1 promoted gliomagenesis via CHI3L1 overexpression as well as NF-κB activation. TIMP1 expression correlated with tumour immune infiltration and immune checkpoint-related gene expression. In addition, TIMP1 resulted in immunosuppressive macrophage polarization. In summary, TIMP1/CHI3L1 might be perceived as a diagnostic marker and an immunotherapy target for gliomas."
9802,brain tumour,38290489,Recent Advances in the Therapeutic Potential of Sinomenine for Cancer Treatment.,"Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. Although modern medicine has made strides in treatment, a complete cure for cancer remains elusive."
9803,brain tumour,38290484,Targeted therapy done right: Direct sonic hedgehog inhibition for sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma.,No abstract found
9804,brain tumour,38290471,TREM2 function in glioblastoma immune microenvironment: Can we distinguish reality from illusion?,No abstract found
9805,brain tumour,38290454,Analysis of Changes in KPS Scores and Imaging Signs in Deep Brain Gliomas by DWI Combined with Intraoperative Ultrasound Resection.,"This study investigates the efficacy of DWI combined with intraoperative ultrasound for deep brain glioma treatment, analyzing changes in Karnofsky performance status (KPS) scores and imaging signs. Objectives include elucidating the approach's advantages, addressing knowledge gaps, and contributing insights into its effectiveness for enhancing deep brain glioma management."
9806,brain tumour,38290092,Discontinuation of Antiseizure Medications in Patients With Brain Tumors.,"Patients with brain tumors will experience seizures during their disease course. While providers can use antiseizure medications to control these events, patients with brain tumors can experience side effects, ranging from mild to severe, from these medications. Providers in subspecialties such as neurology, neuro-oncology, neurosurgery, radiation oncology, and medical oncology often work with patients with brain tumor to balance seizure control and the adverse toxicity of antiseizure medications. In this study, we sought to explore the problem of brain tumor-related seizures/epilepsy in the context of how and when to consider antiseizure medication discontinuation. Moreover, we thoroughly evaluate the literature on antiseizure medication discontinuation for adult and pediatric patients and highlight recommendations relevant to patients with both brain tumors and seizures."
9807,brain tumour,38289964,Radiation necrosis after radiation therapy treatment of brain metastases: A computational approach.,"Metastasis is the process through which cancer cells break away from a primary tumor, travel through the blood or lymph system, and form new tumors in distant tissues. One of the preferred sites for metastatic dissemination is the brain, affecting more than 20% of all cancer patients. This figure is increasing steadily due to improvements in treatments of primary tumors. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is one of the main treatment options for patients with a small or moderate number of brain metastases (BMs). A frequent adverse event of SRS is radiation necrosis (RN), an inflammatory condition caused by late normal tissue cell death. A major diagnostic problem is that RNs are difficult to distinguish from BM recurrences, due to their similarities on standard magnetic resonance images (MRIs). However, this distinction is key to choosing the best therapeutic approach since RNs resolve often without further interventions, while relapsing BMs may require open brain surgery. Recent research has shown that RNs have a faster growth dynamics than recurrent BMs, providing a way to differentiate the two entities, but no mechanistic explanation has been provided for those observations. In this study, computational frameworks were developed based on mathematical models of increasing complexity, providing mechanistic explanations for the differential growth dynamics of BMs relapse versus RN events and explaining the observed clinical phenomenology. Simulated tumor relapses were found to have growth exponents substantially smaller than the group in which there was inflammation due to damage induced by SRS to normal brain tissue adjacent to the BMs, thus leading to RN. ROC curves with the synthetic data had an optimal threshold that maximized the sensitivity and specificity values for a growth exponent β* = 1.05, very close to that observed in patient datasets."
9808,brain tumour,38289960,Single-cell analysis of refractory anti-SRP necrotizing myopathy treated with anti-BCMA CAR-T cell therapy.,"Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is an autoimmune disorder associated with the presence of autoantibodies, characterized by severe clinical presentation with rapidly progressive muscular weakness and elevated levels of creatine kinase, while traditional pharmacological approaches possess varying and often limited effects. Considering the pathogenic role of autoantibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. We reported here a patient with anti-signal recognition particle IMNM refractory to multiple available therapies, who was treated with BCMA-targeting CAR-T cells, exhibited favorable safety profiles, sustained reduction in pathogenic autoantibodies, and persistent clinical improvements over 18 mo. Longitudinal single-cell RNA, B cell receptor, T cell receptor sequencing analysis presented the normalization of immune microenvironment after CAR-T cell infusion, including reconstitution of B cell lineages, replacement of T cell subclusters, and suppression of overactivated immune cells. Analysis on characteristics of CAR-T cells in IMNM demonstrated a more active expansion of CD8"
9809,brain tumour,38289718,Profiling of Unfolded Protein Response Markers and Effect of IRE1α-specific Inhibitor in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor.,"Inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), which are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane proteins, regulate the unfolded protein response (UPR). These molecules have recently gained attention as a novel therapeutic target in secretory tumors. The roles of the UPR in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are unclear."
9810,brain tumour,38289696,Radiation-induced Bystander Effects on Glioblastoma Tumor Cells via NMDA Receptor Signaling.,"Proton therapy has been widely applied on treating inaccessible and inoperable tumors, such as tumors deep within the brain or close to the critical brain stem. Nevertheless, the damaging effect of radiation for central nervous system (CNS) tumors is difficult to be confined within the irradiated region and has led to decline of neurological function in especially children with congenital CNS tumors. Currently, the involvement of n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors or secretary cytokines and chemokines in proton-induced bystander effects remains unclear. To understand the modulatory effects of NMDA receptor inhibition on the survival and proliferation of glioblastoma-derived cells, mesenchymal-like U373 cells were applied along with U87 neural glioblastoma cells for single doses of proton radiation at different LET in the presence or absence of pretreatment with memantine and/or collimation. Under collimation, neuronal tumor cells that are not directly irradiated (i.e., bystander cells) encounter similar biological effects potentially through cell coupling and synaptic transmission. Furthermore, whether proton LET plays a role in the mediation of bystander effect awaits to be elucidated. From this study, synaptic transmission was found to play differential roles in the proliferation of U373 and U87 cells after exposure to collimated radiation. Also, radiation-induced cell proliferation at the late stage was more correlated with bystander cell survival than early manifested γH2AX foci, suggesting that proton-induced glutamatergic synapse may act as a more important contributor than proton-induced direct effect on DNA double-stranded breaks to the late-stage responses of glioblastoma cells."
9811,brain tumour,38288978,Social cognition in adult survivors of brain tumors: studying the relationship between theory of mind and quality of life.,"The present study is the first to examine theory of mind (ToM) sequelae in a sample of adult survivors of primary brain tumors, and to investigate the assumed relationship between ToM and health-related quality of life (HRQoL)."
9812,brain tumour,38288941,Practical guidance for direct oral anticoagulant use in the treatment of venous thromboembolism in primary and metastatic brain tumor patients.,"Management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors (BT) is challenging because of the risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). There are no prospective clinical trials evaluating safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), specifically in patients with BT, but they are widely used for VTE in this population. A group of neuro-oncology experts convened to provide practical clinical guidance for the off-label use of DOACs in treating VTE in patients with BT. We searched PubMed for the following terms: BTs, glioma, glioblastoma (GBM), brain metastasis, VTE, heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin (LWMH), DOACs, and ICH. Although prospective clinical trials are needed, the recommendations presented aim to assist clinicians in making informed decisions regarding DOACs for VTE in patients with BT."
9813,brain tumour,38288647,Alterations in Plasma Cytokine Levels in Korean Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.,"Numerous studies have supported the role of the immune dysfunction in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, to our knowledge, no study has been conducted on plasma cytokine levels in children with ASD in South Korea. In this study, we aimed to analyze the immunological characteristics of Korean children with ASD through plasma cytokine analysis."
9814,brain tumour,38288615,Nanomedicine facilitated cell signaling blockade: difficulties and strategies to overcome glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and lethal type of brain tumor with complex and diverse molecular signaling pathways involved that are in its development and progression. Despite numerous attempts to develop effective treatments, the survival rate remains low. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of these pathways can aid in the development of targeted therapies for the treatment of glioblastoma. Nanomedicines have shown potential in targeting and blocking signaling pathways involved in glioblastoma. Nanomedicines can be engineered to specifically target tumor sites, bypass the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and release drugs over an extended period. However, current nanomedicine strategies also face limitations, including poor stability, toxicity, and low therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, novel and advanced nanomedicine-based strategies must be developed for enhanced drug delivery. In this review, we highlight risk factors and chemotherapeutics for the treatment of glioblastoma. Further, we discuss different nanoformulations fabricated using synthetic and natural materials for treatment and diagnosis to selectively target signaling pathways involved in GBM. Furthermore, we discuss current clinical strategies and the role of artificial intelligence in the field of nanomedicine for targeting GBM."
9815,brain tumour,38288514,Electrocardiographic characteristics of bladder cancer patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy.,Patients treated with preoperative chemotherapy and immunotherapy for bladder cancer may be at increased risk of cardiotoxicity and electrophysiological abnormalities. This study aimed to analyze their electrocardiographic (ECG) alterations.
9816,brain tumour,38288307,Glioblastoma with high O6-methyl-guanine DNA methyltransferase expression are more immunologically active than tumors with low ,Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly lethal brain tumor. The effectiveness of temozolomide (TMZ) treatment in GBM is linked to the methylation status of O6-methyl-guanine DNA methyltransferase (
9817,brain tumour,38288265,Sequentially Released Liposomes Enhance Anti-Liver Cancer Efficacy of Tetrandrine and Celastrol-Loaded Coix Seed Oil.,"A sequential release co-delivery system is an effective strategy to improve anti-cancer efficacy. Herein, multicomponent-based liposomes (TET-CTM/L) loaded with tetrandrine (TET) and celastrol (CEL)-loaded coix seed oil microemulsion (CTM) were fabricated, which showed synergistic anti-liver cancer activities. By virtue of Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect, TET-CTM/L can achieve efficient accumulation at the tumor site. TET was released initially to repair abnormal vessels and decrease the fibroblasts, and CTM was released subsequently for eradication of tumor tissue."
9818,brain tumour,38288102,Potent ,"Treatment-resistant glioblastoma (trGBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with a dismal prognosis, underscoring the need for better treatment options. Emerging data indicate that trGBM iron metabolism is an attractive therapeutic target. The novel iron mimetic, gallium maltolate (GaM), inhibits mitochondrial function via iron-dependent and -independent pathways."
9819,brain tumour,38287910,Prognostic Impact of Hypothalamic Perforation in Adult Patients With Craniopharyngioma: A Cohort Study.,"Outcome of craniopharyngioma is related to its locoregional extension, which impacts resectability and the risk of surgical complications. To maximize resection and minimize complications, optic tract localization, temporal lobe extension, and hypothalamic involvement are essential factors for surgical management."
9820,brain tumour,38287846,Differences in Functional Activity and Connectivity in the Right Frontoparietal Network between Nurses Working Long-Term Shifts and Fixed Day Shifts.,To investigate the differences in functional brain activity and connectivity between nurses working long-term shifts and fixed day shift and explore their correlations with work-related psychological conditions.
9821,brain tumour,38287804,KLF8 Promotes the Survival of Lung Adenocarcinoma During Nutrient Deprivation by Regulating the Pentose Phosphate Pathway through SIRT2.,"The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a critical metabolic pathway that generates NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide biosynthesis and redox homeostasis. In this study, we investigated a potential regulatory role for Krüppel-like factor 8 (KLF8) in the control of PPP in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells."
9822,brain tumour,38287522,PVT1 promotes proliferation and macrophage immunosuppressive polarization through STAT1 and CX3CL1 regulation in glioblastoma multiforme.,"This study aimed to investigate the role of plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1), a long non-coding RNA, in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and its impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME)."
9823,brain tumour,38287441,ADAMTS18 deficiency associates extracellular matrix dysfunction with a higher risk of HER2-positive mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis.,"Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer accounts for about 20% of all breast cancer cases and is correlated with a high relapse rate and poor prognosis. ADAMTS18 is proposed as an important functional tumor suppressor gene involved in multiple malignancies, including breast cancer. It functions as an extracellular matrix (ECM) modifier. However, it remains unclear whether ADAMTS18 affects mammary tumorigenesis and malignant progression through its essential ECM regulatory function."
9824,brain tumour,38287404,Evolutionary origin of germline pathogenic variants in human DNA mismatch repair genes.,"Mismatch repair (MMR) system is evolutionarily conserved for genome stability maintenance. Germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in MMR genes that lead to MMR functional deficiency are associated with high cancer risk. Knowing the evolutionary origin of germline PVs in human MMR genes will facilitate understanding the biological base of MMR deficiency in cancer. However, systematic knowledge is lacking to address the issue. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis to know the evolutionary origin of human MMR PVs."
9825,brain tumour,38287297,Glioblastoma Margin as a Diffusion Barrier Revealed by Photoactivation of Plasmonic Nanovesicles.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most complex and lethal primary brain cancer. Adequate drug diffusion and penetration are essential for treating GBM, but how the spatial heterogeneity in GBM impacts drug diffusion and transport is poorly understood. Herein, we report a new method, photoactivation of plasmonic nanovesicles (PANO), to measure molecular diffusion in the extracellular space of GBM. By examining three genetically engineered GBM mouse models that recapitulate key clinical features including the angiogenic core and diffuse infiltration, we found that the tumor margin has the lowest diffusion coefficient (highest tortuosity) compared with the tumor core and surrounding brain tissue. Analysis of the cellular composition shows that tortuosity in the GBM is strongly correlated with neuronal loss and astrocyte activation. Our all-optical measurement reveals the heterogeneous GBM microenvironment and highlights the tumor margin as a diffusion barrier for drug transport in the brain, with implications for therapeutic delivery."
9826,brain tumour,38287266,Prognostic marker CXCL5 in glioblastoma polyformis and its mechanism of immune invasion.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain cancer with a poor prognosis. Therefore, the correlative molecular markers and molecular mechanisms should be explored to assess the occurrence and treatment of glioma.WB and qPCR assays were used to detect the expression of CXCL5 in human GBM tissues. The relationship between CXCL5 expression and clinicopathological features was evaluated using logistic regression analysis, Wilcoxon symbolic rank test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. Univariate, multivariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier methods were used to assess CXCL5 and other prognostic factors of GBM. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify pathways associated with CXCL5. The correlation between CXCL5 and tumor immunoinfiltration was investigated using single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) of TCGA data. Cell experiments and mouse subcutaneous transplanted tumor models were used to evaluate the role of CXCL5 in GBM. WB, qPCR, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical assays showed that CXCL5 expression was increased in human GBM tissues. Furthermore, high CXCL5 expression was closely related to poor disease-specific survival and overall survival of GBM patients. The ssGSEA suggested that CXCL5 is closely related to the cell cycle and immune response through PPAR signaling pathway. GSEA also showed that CXCL5 expression was positively correlated with macrophage cell infiltration level and negatively correlated with cytotoxic cell infiltration level. CXCL5 may be associated with the prognosis and immunoinfiltration of GBM."
9827,brain tumour,38287022,CYLD induces high oxidative stress and DNA damage through class I HDACs to promote radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.,"Abnormal expression of Cylindromatosis (CYLD), a tumor suppressor molecule, plays an important role in tumor development and treatment. In this work, we found that CYLD binds to class I histone deacetylases (HDAC1 and HDAC2) through its N-terminal domain and inhibits HDAC1 activity. RNA sequencing showed that CYLD-HDAC axis regulates cellular antioxidant response via Nrf2 and its target genes. Then we revealed a mechanism that class I HDACs mediate redox abnormalities in CYLD low-expressing tumors. HDACs are central players in the DNA damage signaling. We further confirmed that CYLD regulates radiation-induced DNA damage and repair response through inhibiting class I HDACs. Furthermore, CYLD mediates nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell radiosensitivity through class I HDACs. Thus, we identified the function of the CYLD-HDAC axis in radiotherapy and blocking HDACs by Chidamide can increase the sensitivity of cancer cells and tumors to radiation therapy both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, ChIP and luciferase reporter assays revealed that CYLD could be transcriptionally regulated by zinc finger protein 202 (ZNF202). Our findings offer novel insight into the function of CYLD in tumor and uncover important roles for CYLD-HDAC axis in radiosensitivity, which provide new molecular target and therapeutic strategy for tumor radiotherapy."
9828,brain tumour,38286983,RUNX1/NPM1/H3K4me3 complex contributes to extracellular matrix remodeling via enhancing FOSL2 transcriptional activation in glioblastoma.,"Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling has been implicated in the tumor malignant progression and immune escape in glioblastoma (GBM). Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) is a vital transcriptional factor for promoting tumorigenesis and invasion in mesenchymal subtype of GBM. But the correlation between RUNX1 and ECM genes expression and regulatory mechanism of RUNX1 on ECM genes expression remain poorly understood to date. In this study, by using integral analysis of chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing and RNA sequencing, we reported that RUNX1 positively regulated the expression of various ECM-related genes, including Fibronectin 1 (FN1), Collagen type IV alpha 1 chain (COL4A1), and Lumican (LUM), in GBM. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that RUNX1 interacted with Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) to maintain the chromatin accessibility and facilitate FOS Like 2, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit (FOSL2)-mediated transcriptional activation of ECM-related genes, which was independent of RUNX1's transcriptional function. ECM remodeling driven by RUNX1 promoted immunosuppressive microenvironment in GBM. In conclusion, this study provides a novel mechanism of RUNX1 binding to NPM1 in driving the ECM remodeling and GBM progression."
9829,brain tumour,38286854,Repurposing proteasome inhibitors for improved treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.,"Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with poor prognosis and limited treatment options due to the lack of important receptors (estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PR], and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]) used for targeted therapy. However, high-throughput in vitro drug screening of cell lines is a powerful tool for identifying effective drugs for a disease. Here, we determine the intrinsic chemosensitivity of TNBC cell lines to proteasome inhibitors (PIs), thereby identifying potentially potent 2-drug combinations for TNBC. Eight TNBC cell lines (BT-549, CAL-148, HCC1806, HCC38, HCC70, MDA-MB-436, MDA-MB-453, and MDA-MB-468) and two controls (MCF-10A and MCF-7) were first exposed to 18 drugs (11 PIs and 7 clinically relevant chemotherapeutic agents) as monotherapy, followed by prediction of potent 2-drug combinations using the IDACombo pipeline. The synergistic effects of the 2-drug combinations were evaluated with SynergyFinder in four TNBC cell lines (CAL-148, HCC1806, HCC38, and MDA-MB-468) and three controls (BT-474, MCF-7, and T47D) in vitro, followed by further evaluation of tumor regression in zebrafish tumor models established using HCC1806 and MCF-7 cells. Monotherapy identified nine effective drugs (bortezomib, carfilzomib, cisplatin, delanzomib, docetaxel, epoxomicin, MLN-2238, MLN-9708, and nedaplatin) across all cell lines. PIs (e.g., bortezomib, delanzomib, and epoxomicin) were highly potent drugs in TNBC cells, of which bortezomib and delanzomib inhibited the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20 S proteasome by 100% at 10 µM. Moreover, several potent 2-drug combinations (e.g., bortezomib+nedaplatin and epoxomicin+epirubicin) that killed virtually 100% of cells were also identified. Although HCC1806- and MCF-7-derived xenografts treated with bortezomib+nedaplatin and carboplatin+paclitaxel were smaller, HCC1806 cells frequently metastasized to the trunk region. Taken together, we show that PIs used in combination with platinum agents or topoisomerase inhibitors exhibit increased efficiency with almost 100% inhibition in TNBC cell lines, indicating that PIs are therefore promising compounds to use as combination therapy for TNBC."
9830,brain tumour,38286746,Construction of brain metastasis prediction model in limited stage small cell lung cancer patients without prophylactic cranial irradiation.,"Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive lung cancer variant known for its elevated risk of brain metastases (BM). While earlier meta-analyses supported the use of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) to reduce BM incidence and enhance overall survival, modern MRI capabilities raise questions about PCI's universal benefit for limited-stage SCLC (LS-SCLC) patients. As a response, we have created a predictive model for BM, aiming to identify low-risk individuals who may not require PCI."
9831,brain tumour,38286405,Memantine versus Ginkgo biloba Extract: A Comparative Study on Cognitive Dysfunction Treatment in a Novel Rat Model.,"Extracellular senile plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles are two devastating brain proteinopathies that are indicative of Alzheimer's disease, the most prevalent type of dementia. Currently, no effective medications are available to stop or reverse Alzheimer's disease. "
9832,brain tumour,38286348,EPHB2 as a key mediator of glioma progression: Insights from microenvironmental receptor ligand-related prognostic gene signature.,"Malignant gliomas, characterized by pronounced heterogeneity, a complex microenvironment, and a propensity for relapse and drug resistaniguree, pose significant challenges in oncology. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of Ligand and Receptor related genes (LRRGs) within the glioma microenvironment. An intersection of 71 ligand-related genes (LRGs) and 2628 receptor-related genes (RRGs) yielded a total of 69 LRRGs. Utilizing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, a prognostic RiskScore model comprising 28 LRRGs was constructed. The model demonstrated robust prognostic value, further validated in the TCGA-GBMLGG dataset. Subsequent analyses included differential gene expression, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), gene set enrichment (GSEA), and gene set variation (GSVA) within RiskScore groups. Additionally, evaluations of PPI, mRNA-RBP, mRNA-TF, and mRNA-drug interaction networks were conducted. Four hub genes were identified through differential expression analysis of the 28 LRRGs across various GSE datasets. A multivariate Cox prognostic model was constructed for nomogram analysis, gene mutation analysis, and related expression distribution. This study underscores the role of LRRGs in intercellular communication within the glioma microenvironment and identifies four hub genes crucial for prognostic assessment in clinical glioma patients. These findings offer a potential evaluation framework for glioma patients, enhancing our understanding of the disease and informing future therapeutic strategies."
9833,brain tumour,38286323,Tectal Plate Glioma: A Clinical and Radiologic Analysis of Progression and Management in Adults.,"Tectal plate gliomas (TPGs) are a heterogeneous group of uncommon brain tumors. TPGs are considered indolent and are usually managed conservatively but they have the potential to transform into higher-grade tumors. The aims of this study were to investigate the natural history of adult TPG, treatment outcomes, and overall survival."
9834,brain tumour,38286269,Integrative analysis of the cuproptosis-related gene ATP7B in the prognosis and immune infiltration of IDH1 wild-type glioma.,"Glioma is the most common malignant tumor in the brain and the central nervous system with a poor prognosis, and wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) glioma indicates a worse prognosis. Cuproptosis is a recently discovered form of cell death regulated by copper-dependent mitochondrial respiration. However, the effect of cuproptosis on tumor prognosis and immune infiltration is not clear. In this research, we analyzed of public databases to show the correlation between cuproptosis-related genes and the prognosis of IDH1 wild-type glioma. Nine out of 12 genes were upregulated in IDH1 wild-type glioma patients, and 6 genes were significantly associated with overall survival (OS), while 5 genes were associated with progression-free survival (PFS). Then, we constructed a prognostic cuproptosis-related gene signature for IDH1 wild-type glioma patients. ATP7B was considered an independent prognostic indicator, and a low expression level of ATP7B was related to a shorter period of OS and PFS. Moreover, downregulation of ATP7B was correlated not only with the infiltration of activated NK cells, CD8 + T cells and M2 macrophages; but also with high expression of immune checkpoint genes and tumor mutation burden (TMB). In the IDH1 wild-type glioma tissues we collected, our data also confirmed that high tumor grade was accompanied by low expression of ATP7B and high expression of PD-L1, which was associated with increasing infiltration of CD8 + immune cells. In conclusion, our research constructed a prognostic cuproptosis-related gene signature model to predict the prognosis of IDH1 wild-type glioma. ATP7B is deemed to be a potential prognostic indicator and novel immunotherapy biomarker for IDH1 wild-type glioma patients."
9835,brain tumour,38286053,IDH1 mutation predicts seizure occurrence and prognosis in lower-grade glioma adults.,"Epileptic seizures are frequently the first symptom in glioma patients. However, the causal relationship between glioma and epilepsy is not yet fully understood, as it cannot be explained solely by tumor mass effect or peritumoral factors. In this study, we retrospectively enrolled 320 patients with grade 2-4 glioma who received treatment between January 2019 and July 2022, and explored the biomarkers of seizure occurrence and seizure outcome prediction using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Our results showed that IDH1 R132H mutation was an independent risk factor for seizure occurrence in lower-grade glioma (LGG) patients (OR = 4.915, 95%CI = 1.713 - 14.103, P = 0.003). Additionally, IDH1 R132H mutation predicted higher seizure-free ratios in LGG patients with intact ATRX expression (OR = 6.793, 95%CI = 1.217 - 37.923, P = 0.029) one year after diagnosis. Therefore, our findings suggest that IDH1 mutation can predict seizure occurrence and control in LGG patients, providing further insights into the relationship between glioma and epilepsy."
9836,brain tumour,38285799,"Evaluation of Immunohistochemical Expression of ALK-1 in Gliomas, WHO Grade 4 and Its Correlation with IDH1-R132H Mutation Status.","Glioblastoma (GB), a grade 4 glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Recently, the mutation status of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) has been crucial in the treatment of GB. IDH mutant cases display a more favorable prognosis than IDH-wild type ones. The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is expressed as a receptor tyrosine kinase in both the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. Increasing lines of evidence suggest that ALK is over-expressed in GB and represents a potential therapeutic target."
9837,brain tumour,38285688,Clinical trials of R-(-)-gossypol (AT-101) in newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma: NABTT 0602 and NABTT 0702.,"AT-101 is an oral bcl-2 family protein inhibitor (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Mcl-1, Bcl-W) and potent inducer of proapoptotic proteins. A prior study of the parent compound, racemic gossypol, demonstrated objective and durable responses in patients with malignant glioma. AT-101 has demonstrated synergy with radiation in animal models. The objectives of trial NABTT 0602 were to determine the MTD of AT-101 concurrent with temozolomide (TMZ) and radiation therapy (RT) (Arm I) and to determine the MTD of AT-101 when given with adjuvant TMZ after completion of standard chemoradiation (Arm 2). Separately in trial NABTT 0702, the survival and response rates of single agent AT-101 were evaluated in patients with recurrent glioblastoma."
9838,brain tumour,38285679,Glioblastoma and radiotherapy: A multicenter AI study for Survival Predictions from MRI (GRASP study).,"The aim was to predict survival of glioblastoma at 8 months after radiotherapy (a period allowing for completing a typical course of adjuvant temozolomide), by applying deep learning to the first brain MRI after radiotherapy completion."
9839,brain tumour,38285511,First-in-Class Dual EZH2-HSP90 Inhibitor Eliciting Striking Antiglioblastoma Activity ,"Structural analysis of tazemetostat, an FDA-approved EZH2 inhibitor, led us to pinpoint a suitable site for appendage with a pharmacophoric fragment of second-generation HSP90 inhibitors. Resultantly, a magnificent dual EZH2/HSP90 inhibitor was pinpointed that exerted striking cell growth inhibitory efficacy against TMZ-resistant Glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines. Exhaustive explorations of chemical probe "
9840,brain tumour,38285486,Assessment of brain tumor detection techniques and recommendation of neural network.,"Brain tumor classification is amongst the most complex and challenging jobs in the computer domain. The latest advances in brain tumor detection systems (BTDS) are presented as they can inspire new researchers to deliver new architectures for effective and efficient tumor detection. Here, the data of the multi-modal brain tumor segmentation task is employed, which has been registered, skull stripped, and histogram matching is conducted with the ferrous volume of high contrast."
9841,brain tumour,38285244,Iron-based biomarkers for personalizing pharmacological ascorbate therapy in glioblastoma: insights from a phase 2 clinical trial.,Pharmacological ascorbate (intravenous delivery reaching plasma concentrations ≈ 20 mM; P-AscH
9842,brain tumour,38285243,Next generation sequencing of high-grade adult-type diffuse glioma in the Netherlands: interlaboratory variation in the primary diagnostic and recurrent setting.,"Next generation sequencing (NGS) is an important tool used in clinical practice to obtain the required molecular information for accurate diagnostics of high-grade adult-type diffuse glioma (HGG). Since individual centers use either in-house produced or standardized panels, interlaboratory variation could play a role in the practice of HGG diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the current practice in NGS application for both primary and recurrent HGG."
9843,brain tumour,38285198,How I do it: cervical hemangioblastoma resection. Surgical technique and complication avoidance.,"Spinal cord hemangioblastomas are benign, highly vascular neoplasms that affect the brain and, rarely, the spinal cord. They can be solitary or as part of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Radiosurgery is not a suitable treatment option. Endovascular embolization can only be adjunct to surgery."
9844,brain tumour,38285162,Mechanisms of telomere maintenance and associated therapeutic vulnerabilities in malignant gliomas.,"A majority of cancers (~85%) activate the enzyme telomerase to maintain telomere length over multiple rounds of cellular division. Telomerase-negative cancers activate a distinct, telomerase-independent mechanism of telomere maintenance termed alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). ALT uses homologous recombination to maintain telomere length and exhibits features of break-induced DNA replication. In malignant gliomas, the activation of either telomerase or ALT is nearly ubiquitous in pediatric and adult tumors, and the frequency with which these distinct telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMMs) is activated varies according to genetically defined glioma subtypes. In this review, we summarize the current state of the field of TMMs and their relevance to glioma biology and therapy. We review the genetic alterations and molecular mechanisms leading to telomerase activation or ALT induction in pediatric and adult gliomas. With this background, we review emerging evidence on strategies for targeting TMMs for glioma therapy. Finally, we comment on critical gaps and issues for moving the field forward to translate our improved understanding of glioma telomere maintenance into better therapeutic strategies for patients."
9845,brain tumour,38285111,Effects of physical exercise during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer on long-term tested and perceived cognition: results of a pragmatic follow-up study.,"Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) following chemotherapy is commonly reported in breast cancer survivors, even years after treatment. Data from preclinical studies suggest that exercise during chemotherapy may prevent or diminish cognitive problems; however, clinical data are scarce."
9846,brain tumour,38285059,Refractory Anti- N -Methyl- d -Aspartate Receptor Autoimmune Encephalitis Induced by Ovarian Teratoma: A Case Report.,"Teratoma is a type of germ cell tumor that derived from early embryonic stem cells and germ cell lines, which can lead to a rare complication known as paraneoplastic encephalitis syndrome. Delayed removal of teratoma allows for continuing antigen presentation, inducing affinity maturation of the antibody and the generation of long-lived plasma cells that infiltrate both bone marrow and brain, which makes the patient nonresponsive to later removal of teratoma and refractory to immunotherapy. We present this rare case to remind clinicians to be vigilant for the recognition and removal of teratoma during the treatment of autoimmune encephalitis."
9847,brain tumour,38285005,Copy number gain of FAM131B-AS2 promotes the progression of glioblastoma by mitigating replication stress.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by chromosome 7 copy number gains, notably 7q34, potentially contributing to therapeutic resistance, yet the underlying oncogenes have not been fully characterized. Pertinently, the significance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in this context has gained attention, necessitating further exploration."
9848,brain tumour,38284854,Dorsoventral hippocampus distinctly modulates visceral sensitivity and anxiety behaviors in male IBS-like rats.,"Accumulating evidences suggest dysfunctions in the hippocampus are associated with chronic pain. Nevertheless, the role of hippocampal circuitry in pain memories and emotional responses is not yet fully understood. In this study, we utilized a comprehensive approach that combined electromyography (EMG), photochemical genetic techniques, and anxiety-related behavioral paradigms to investigate the involvement of dorsal hippocampus (DH) and ventral hippocampus (VH) in visceral sensitivity and anxiety behaviors in male rats. Our results demonstrated that IBS-like rats exhibited comorbid visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety, along with the number of activated neurons in the VH was higher than that in the DH. Manipulation of glutamatergic neurons in the hippocampus was identified as a crucial mechanism underlying the mediation of both visceral sensitivity and anxiety behaviors. Specifically, optogenetic activation of the DH induced both visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety, while activation of the VH induced anxiety but did not affect visceral sensitivity. Conversely, chemogenetic inhibition of the DH reduced both visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety, whereas inhibition of the VH alleviated anxiety but did not alleviate visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-like rats. Our study highlights the important role of early life stress in inducing visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety, and further elucidates the distinct functional contributions of the DH and VH to these behavioral changes. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of IBS, and suggest that targeting specific hippocampal neuron subtypes may represent a promising therapeutic approach."
9849,brain tumour,38284835,Altered gray matter volume and functional connectivity in lung cancer patients with bone metastasis pain.,"Bone metastasis pain (BMP) is a severe chronic pain condition. Our previous studies on BMP revealed functional brain abnormalities. However, the potential effect of BMP on brain structure and function, especially gray matter volume (GMV) and related functional networks, have not yet been clearly illustrated. Voxel-based morphometry and functional connectivity (FC) analysis methods were used to investigate GMV and intrinsic FC differences in 45 right-handed lung cancer patients with BMP(+), 37 lung cancer patients without BMP(-), and 45 healthy controls (HCs). Correlation analysis was performed thereafter with all clinical variables by Pearson correlation. Compared to HCs, BMP(+) group exhibited decreased GMV in medial frontal gyrus (MFG) and right middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Compared with BMP(-) group, BMP(+) group exhibited reduced GMV in cerebelum_6_L and left lingual gyrus. However, no regions with significant GMV differences were found between BMP(-) and HCs groups. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated the potential classification power of these aberrant regions. Correlation analysis revealed that GMV in the right MTG was positively associated with anxiety in BMP(+) group. Further FC analysis demonstrated enhanced interactions between MFG/right MTG and cerebellum in BMP(+) patients compared with HCs. These results showed that BMP was closely associated with cerebral alterations, which may induce the impairment of pain moderation circuit, deficits in cognitive function, dysfunction of emotional control, and sensorimotor processing. These findings may provide a fresh perspective and further neuroimaging evidence for the possible mechanisms of BMP. Furthermore, the role of the cerebellum in pain processing needs to be further investigated."
9850,brain tumour,38284766,"Editorial for ""Assessing Postoperative Motor Risk in Insular Low-Grade Gliomas Patients: The Potential Role of Presurgery MRI Corticospinal Tract Shape Measures"".",No abstract found
9851,brain tumour,38284196,The role of scoliosis on the comorbidity and demographics of neurofibromatosis type 1 patients: A retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample database.,"Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the most common neurocutaneous syndrome in the United States, affecting every 1 in 3000 individuals. NF1 occurs due to non-functional mutations in the NF1 gene, which expresses neurofibromin, a protein involved in tumour suppression. As a result, NF1 typically presents with non-cancerous neoplasm masses called neurofibromas across the body. Out of all NF1 abnormalities, the most common skeletal abnormality seen in around 10%-30% of NF1 patients is scoliosis, an improver curvature of the spine. However, there is a lack of research on the effects of scoliosis on demographics and morbidities of NF1 patients. We performed a national analysis to investigate the complex relationship between NF1 and scoliosis on patients' demographics and comorbidities. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the 2017 US National Inpatient Sample database using univariable Chi-square analysis and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis to determine the interplay of NF1 and scoliosis on patients' demographics and comorbidities. Our query resulted in 4635 total NF1 patients, of which 475 (10.25%) had scoliosis and 4160 (89.75%) did not. Demographic analysis showed that NF1 patients with scoliosis were typically younger, female and white compared to NF1 patients without scoliosis. Comorbidity analysis showed that NF1 patients with scoliosis were more likely to develop malignant brain neoplasms, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, pigmentation disorders, hypothyroidism, diabetes with chronic complications and coagulopathy disorders. NF1 patients with scoliosis were less likely to develop congestive heart failure, pulmonary circulation disease, peripheral vascular disease, paralysis, chronic pulmonary disease, lymphoma and psychosis. NF1 patients with scoliosis were predominantly younger, female, white patients. The presence of scoliosis in NF1 patients increases the risks for certain brain neoplasms and disorders but serves a protective effect against some pulmonary and cardiac complications."
9852,brain tumour,38283914,Impact of Childhood Cancer on Family Functioning and Family Quality of Life in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia.,"Childhood cancer affects families and friends and causes lifestyle changes that become overwhelming for them. Childhood cancer may cause decreased physical, emotional, and social health-related quality of life (QOL). Childhood cancer may cause strain on the financial status of the family and shape their coping strategy to the disease. The extent of the impact of childhood cancer on families is associated with several demographic characteristics of the family such as diagnosis, phase of treatment, and parent's educational level, employment, and marital status of the parents."
9853,brain tumour,38283814,Exoscopic supraorbital approach for a suprasellar craniopharyngioma.,"The authors present an operative video of a supraorbital craniotomy for resection of a suprasellar, supradiaphragmatic craniopharyngioma. The patient is a 62-year-old female who presented with 3 months of blurry vision secondary to a 2.5-cm suprasellar mass causing compression on the optic nerve. Supraorbital craniotomy was selected due to the supradiaphragmatic location of the tumor and the subsequent disadvantages, including CSF leakage, of other approaches such as the endoscopic endonasal approach. The operative video emphasizes optimizing operating room (OR) setup to improve surgeon ergonomics and comfort. The patient underwent an uncomplicated gross-total resection with subsequent discharge home the day after surgery. The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2023.10.FOCVID23140."
9854,brain tumour,38283808,Exoscopic resection of a parasagittal atypical meningioma.,This video demonstrates use of the Synaptive 3D exoscope to enhance complex meningioma resection. The patient was a 58-year-old female who presented with new-onset seizures. Workup revealed a parasagittal meningioma over the bilateral cortices. She was started on 750 mg of Keppra twice daily and tapered dexamethasone and discharged. MR venography demonstrated segmental occlusion of the superior sagittal sinus. She then underwent a diagnostic angiogram and tumor Onyx embolization of the bilateral middle meningeal artery feeders. She then underwent a craniotomy for meningioma resection using 3D exoscope guidance. She awoke with a stable examination in the intensive care unit and worked with physical therapy on postoperative day 1. The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2023.10.FOCVID23164.
9855,brain tumour,38283749,Process analysis of the patient pathway for automated data collection: an exemplar using pituitary surgery.,"Automation of routine clinical data shows promise in relieving health systems of the burden associated with manual data collection. Identifying consistent points of documentation in the electronic health record (EHR) provides salient targets to improve data entry quality. Using our pituitary surgery service as an exemplar, we aimed to demonstrate how process mapping can be used to identify reliable areas of documentation in the patient pathway to target structured data entry interventions."
9856,brain tumour,38283626,Effect of ,
9857,brain tumour,38283531,The Impact of Aspirin in Brain Tumor Surgery: To Stop or Not to Stop?,"Given the lack of guidelines regarding perioperative management of neurosurgical patients taking antiplatelet medication, a break of aspirin intake for elective brain surgery is recommended. To the best of our knowledge, only three clinical studies have been published comparing re-bleeding rates in patients undergoing elective brain surgery with and without aspirin. We present a case of an 81-year-old woman who was admitted for elective craniotomy and brain metastases resection. She presented with a right-sided hemianopsia for > two weeks and further investigation by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the left occipital lesion. For primary cardiovascular prevention, the patient was prescribed prophylactic low-dose aspirin 100 mg. A platelet function test on the day of admission detected highly pathological values. Surgery was scheduled the next day, and aspirin intake was paused. The platelet function test was repeated the morning before surgery. Interestingly, the test showed a 20% above-normal level platelet function. Craniotomy and tumor resection were performed in a routine fashion and no increased bleeding tendency was reported intraoperatively. Postoperatively, the right-sided hemianopsia was immediately regressive. MRI performed 24 hours after surgery demonstrated a complete tumor resection without any signs of rebleeding. The patient was discharged five days after surgery without any neurological deficits. The literature is limited and guidelines are missing on the topic of management of antiplatelet medication in elective brain surgery. As confirmed by the present case and a review of the literature, elective craniotomy and tumor resection under antiplatelet medication may be considered in certain cases with risk and benefit stratification. More data and randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings."
9858,brain tumour,38283504,The Evaluation and Treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma and Brain Metastasis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.,"Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine tumor associated with high mortality if metastases are identified. Currently, there is no standardized nor curative treatment for neurometastatic MCC. In this study, we have reviewed the more recent cases and the use of immunotherapy in a population. In this case report and review, we present a case of MCC with brain metastasis currently undergoing treatment with immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) resulting in an initial complete response with a progression-free survival time of five months. We also review the past reported literature and the 11 newly presented cases on their clinical presentation of neurometastatic MCC, immunohistochemical markers, and treatment outcomes. In summary, immunotherapy initially showed a promising response with the complete elimination of MCC brain metastasis. The early aggressive treatment of pembrolizumab with stereotactic radiosurgery should be considered as this treatment plan has shown improved therapeutic effects compared to the standard chemoradiation therapy. Further investigations are needed to determine the efficacy and response of immunotherapy use for neurometastatic MCC."
9859,brain tumour,38283359,"Brain metastases and lung cancer: molecular biology, natural history, prediction of response and efficacy of immunotherapy.","Brain metastases stemming from lung cancer represent a common and challenging complication that significantly impacts patients' overall health. The migration of these cancerous cells from lung lesions to the central nervous system is facilitated by diverse molecular changes and a specific environment that supports their affinity for neural tissues. The advent of immunotherapy and its varied combinations in non-small cell lung cancer has notably improved patient survival rates, even in cases involving brain metastases. These therapies exhibit enhanced penetration into the central nervous system compared to traditional chemotherapy. This review outlines the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of brain metastases in lung cancer and explores the efficacy of novel immunotherapy approaches and their combinations."
9860,brain tumour,38282673,Case report: meningeal lymphangiogenesis around ependymoma forming along the dura matter.,"Recently, there has been growing interest in the presence and function of meningeal lymphatic vessels, with no direct evidence linking these vessels to primary brain tumors. We report a unique case of recurrent ependymoma in the dura mater, showing histopathological signs of lymphatic proliferation at the tumor attachment site. The patient initially presented with a headache, and was diagnosed with "
9861,brain tumour,38282589,Quality of Life Assessment in Patients with Surgically Treated Parasagittal Meningiomas.,"To assess quality of life (QoL) in patients with parasagittal meningiomas (PSM), and to identify the risk factors for different levels of QoL."
9862,brain tumour,38282486,The use of MR perfusion parameters in differentiation between glioblastoma recurrence and radiation necrosis.,"This study focuses on the challenge of distinguishing between tumour recurrence and radiation necrosis in glioma treatment using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Currently, accurate differentiation is possible only through surgical biopsy, which is invasive and may cause additional damage. The study explores non-invasive methods using dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MR perfusion with parameters like relative peak height (rPH) and relative percentage of signal-intensity recovery (rPSR)."
9863,brain tumour,38282400,"The relationship between HIV-1 neuroinflammation, neurocognitive impairment and encephalitis pathology: A systematic review of studies investigating post-mortem brain tissue.","The activities of HIV-1 in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for a dysregulated neuroinflammatory response and the subsequent development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The use of post-mortem human brain tissue is pivotal for studying the neuroimmune mechanisms of CNS HIV infection. To date, numerous studies have investigated HIV-1-induced neuroinflammation in post-mortem brain tissue. However, from the commonly investigated studies in this line of research, it is not clear which neuroinflammatory markers are consistently associated with HIV neurocognitive impairment (NCI) and neuropathology (i.e., HIV-encephalitis, HIVE). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of the association between neuroinflammation and NCI/HIVE from studies investigating post-mortem brain tissue. Our aim was to synthesise the published data to date to provide commentary on the most noteworthy markers that are associated with NCI/HIVE. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched using a search protocol designed specifically for this study. Sixty-one studies were included that investigated the levels of inflammatory markers based on their gene and protein expression in association with NCI/HIVE. The findings revealed that the (1) transcript expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α were consistently associated with NCI/HIVE, whereas CCL2 and IL-6 were commonly not associated with NCI/HIVE, (2) protein expressions of CD14, CD16, CD68, Iba-1, IL-1β and TNF-α were consistently associated with NCI/HIVE, while CD45, GFAP, HLA-DR, IL-1 and IL-6 were commonly not associated with NCI/HIVE, and (3) gene and protein expressions of CNS IL-1β and TNF-α were consistently associated with NCI/HIVE, while IL-6 was consistently not associated with NCI/HIVE. These markers highlight the commonly investigated markers in this line of research and elucidates the neuroinflammatory mechanisms in the HIV-1 brain that are involved in the pathophysiology of NCI/HIVE. These markers and related pathways should be investigated for the development of improved diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics of HAND."
9864,brain tumour,38282214,A case study on severe psychiatric symptoms induced by lorlatinib.,No abstract found
9865,brain tumour,38282090,Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles: how they mediate glioma immunosuppression.,"Gliomas, the most common malignant brain tumor, present a grim prognosis despite available treatments such as surgical resection, temozolomide (TMZ) therapy, and radiation therapy. This is due to their aggressive growth, high level of immunosuppression, and the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which obstruct the effective exchange of therapeutic drugs. Gliomas can significantly affect differentiation and function of immune cells by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs), resulting in a systemic immunosuppressive state and a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment. In the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), the primary immune cells are regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In particular, glioma-associated TAMs are chiefly composed of monocyte-derived macrophages and brain-resident microglia. These cells partially exhibit characteristics of a pro-tumorigenic, anti-inflammatory M2-type. Glioma-derived EVs can hijack TAMs to differentiate into tumor-supporting phenotypes or directly affect the maturation of peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) and promote the activation of MDSCs. In addition, EVs impair the ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to process antigens, subsequently hindering the activation of lymphocytes. EVs also impact the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of lymphocytes. This is primarily evident in the overall reduction of CD4 + helper T cells and CD8 + T cells, coupled with a relative increase in Tregs, which possess immunosuppressive characteristics. This study investigates thoroughly how tumor-derived EVs impair the function of immune cells and enhance immunosuppression in gliomas, shedding light on their potential implications for immunotherapy strategies in glioma treatment."
9866,brain tumour,38282078,Differentiating IDH-mutant astrocytomas and 1p19q-codeleted oligodendrogliomas using DSC-PWI: high performance through cerebral blood volume and percentage of signal recovery percentiles.,"Presurgical differentiation between astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas remains an unresolved challenge in neuro-oncology. This research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of each tumor's DSC-PWI signatures, evaluate the discriminative capacity of cerebral blood volume (CBV) and percentage of signal recovery (PSR) percentile values, and explore the synergy of CBV and PSR combination for pre-surgical differentiation."
9867,brain tumour,38281979,Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study.,"We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) rechallenge in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The study included 111 patients who had previously received ICI therapy and experienced disease progression. The primary endpoints assessed were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR). Our findings revealed that the ICI rechallenge showed promising results in improving patient outcomes. OS (r) is the time from rechallenging with immune checkpoint inhibitors to the last follow-up or death from any cause. The median OS (r) was 14.3 months (95% CI 11.3-17.3 months), with a median PFS (r) of 5.9 months (95% CI 4.1-7.7 months). The ORR was 17.1%; the DCR was 82.3%. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that patients without brain or liver metastases had a longer OS (r) compared to those with metastases (21.6 vs. 13.8 months, χ"
9868,brain tumour,38281804,[Correlation between postoperative microstructural changes in cerebral white matter and early postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing meningioma resection].,
9869,brain tumour,38281781,[Cytopathological characteristics of SMARCA4-deficient thoracic undifferentiated tumors in serous effusion].,
9870,brain tumour,38281757,Secondary vs. primary pituitary xanthogranulomas: which yellow is more mellow?,"Pituitary xanthogranulomatomas (XG) are a rare pathological entity caused by accumulation of lipid laden macrophages and reactive granuloma formation usually triggered by cystic fluid leakage or hemorrhage. Our aim was to compare clinical characteristics and presenting features of patients with secondary etiology of XG and those with no identifiable founding lesion (primary -""pure"" XG) in order to gain new insights into this rare pituitary pathology. In a retrospective review of 714 patients operated for sellar masses, at tertiary center, we identified 16 (2.24%) with histologically confirmed diagnosis of pituitary XG over the period of 7 years (2015-2021). Patients were further analyzed according to XG etiology: ""pure""- XG (n = 8) with no identifiable founding lesion were compared to those with histological elements of pituitary tumor or cyst - secondary XG (n = 8). We identified 16 patients (11 male), mean age 44.8 ± 22.3 years, diagnosed with pituitary XG. Secondary forms were associated with Ratke's cleft cyst (RCC, n = 2) and pituitary adenoma (PA, n = 6). The most common presenting features in both groups were hypopituitarism (75%), headache (68.5%) and visual disturbances (37.5%). Predominance of male sex was noted (males 68.75%, females 31.25%), especially in patients with primary forms. Patients with primary pituitary XG were all males (p = 0.0256) and more frequently affected by panhypopituitarism (87.5% vs. 25%, p = 0.0406) compared to patients with secondary causes. Hyperprolactinemia was noted in pituitary tumor group with secondary etiology only (p = 0.0769). Majority of lesions were solid on magnetic resonance imaging - MRI (81.25%). Distinct clinical phenotype was observed dependent on the etiology of XG."
9871,brain tumour,38281751,[Central nervous system disorders secondary to histiocytoses: neurodegeneration with potential for improvement].,"Histiocytoses, including Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), are inflammatory myeloid tumors in which monocyte lineage cells aggregate in various organs, causing tissue damage. Most of these tumors harbor oncogenic mutations in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway genes, typified by BRAF"
9872,brain tumour,38281626,Acetylation of mtHSP70 at Lys595/653 affecting its interaction between GrpEL1 regulates glioblastoma progression via UPRmt.,"The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a vital biological process that regulates mitochondrial protein homeostasis and enables glioblastoma cells to cope with mitochondrial oxidative stress in the tumor microenvironment. We previously reported that the binding of mitochondrial stress-70 protein (mtHSP70) to GrpE protein homolog 1 (GrpEL1) is involved in the regulation of the UPRmt. However, the mechanisms regulating their binding remain unclear. Herein, we examined the UPRmt in glioblastoma and explored whether modulating the interaction between mtHSP70 and GrpEL1 affects the UPRmt."
9873,brain tumour,38281599,Restoring bottom-up communication in brain-heart interplay after trauma-focused psychotherapy in breast cancer patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.,"The psychological impact of breast cancer (BC) is substantial, with a significant number of patients (up to 32 %) experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Exploring the emotional aspects of PTSD through the functional brain-heart interplay (BHI) offers valuable insights into the condition. BHI examines the functional interactions between cortical and sympathovagal dynamics. This study aims to investigate changes in functional directional BHI after trauma-focused (TF) psychotherapy, specifically Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), in comparison to treatment as usual (TAU) among BC patients with PTSD. To our knowledge, this study represents the first examination of such changes."
9874,brain tumour,38281482,"Gender, Racial, and Geographical Disparities in Malignant Brain Tumor Mortality in the USA.","Malignant brain tumors are malignancies which are known for their low survival rates. Despite advancements in treatments in the last decade, the disparities in malignant brain cancer mortality among the US population remain unclear."
9875,brain tumour,38281381,Rare incidence of parietal lobe metastasis in an adult with desmoplastic/nodular medulloblastoma: A case report and review of the literature.,"Medulloblastoma in adults is a rare and highly aggressive central nervous system (CNS) tumor, representing less than 1 % of all brain tumors. Supratentorial metastasis is uncommon, and extra-neural metastasis occurs in approximately 5 % of cases, primarily in frontal and temporal lobes. Here, we present an exceptional case of parietal lobe metastasis in an adult with desmoplastic/nodular medulloblastoma. To explore prior cases and establish the uniqueness of our case, we conducted a thorough search on the PubMed database."
9876,brain tumour,38281360,The strong inverse association between plasma concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors type 1 with adiponectin/leptin ratio in older women.,"Complex inflammatory crosstalk between muscular and adipose organs during ageing is controlled by adipokines and myokines. The Adiponectin/Leptin ratio (A/L ratio) has proven to be a promising biomarker for identifying insulin sensitivity, cardiovascular risk and adipose tissue inflammation. Although the A/L ratio has been related to inflammatory conditions, its ability to associate with or indicate the behavior of other inflammatory mediators remains unknown. The present study aimed to verify the association between the A/L ratio and a panel of inflammatory biomarkers in community-dwelling older women. The plasmatic concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukins 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 10, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and its soluble receptors (sTNF-r) 1 and 2 were evaluated in 71 community-dwelling older women with 75 (±7) years. The A/L ratio was negative and inverse correlated with BNDF (r = -0.29; p = 0.01), IL-8 (r = -0.37; p = 0.001) and sTNFr- 1 (r = -0.98; p < 0.001) levels. A strong and inverse association, with proportional effect, between A/L ratio and sTNFr-1 concentrations was found (Adjusted R"
9877,brain tumour,38281303,GammaTile,"Radiation plays a central role in glioblastoma treatment. Logistics related to coordinating clinic visits, radiation planning, and surgical recovery necessitate delay in radiation delivery from the time of diagnosis. Unimpeded tumor growth occurs during this period, and is associated with poor clinical outcome. Here we provide a pilot experience of GammaTile ® (GT), a collagen tile-embedded Cesium-131 ("
9878,brain tumour,38281232,Anticoagulant prescribing patterns in patients with primary central nervous system malignancies and secondary metastases.,"To evaluate the safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in patients with central nervous system (CNS) malignancies and secondary metastases. All adult patients with CNS malignancies and secondary metastases who were treated with a DOAC or LMWH for any indication from 2018 to 2022 were included. The primary outcome was the incidence of any intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) after anticoagulation initiation. Secondary outcomes included non-ICH bleeding events and thromboembolic events. Tolerability was assessed by any changes in anticoagulant therapy during study period. 153 patients were included; 48 patients received enoxaparin and 105 received DOACs, of which apixaban was used most commonly. The population was predominantly White (74%) and male (59%) with a median age of 65. Data was censored for immortal time bias for outcomes evaluated beyond 3 months. ICH occurred in 7.7% of the population, more frequently in the enoxaparin group (DOACs 4, 4% vs. enoxaparin 7, 16%, p = 0.037). Non-ICH bleeds were predominantly minor and more common in the DOAC group (DOACs 13, 13% vs. enoxaparin 1, 2%, p = 0.037). Thromboembolic events were not different between groups (DOACs 9. 9% vs, enoxaparin 2, 4%, p = 0.503). Anticoagulant switches occurred more in the enoxaparin group (DOACs 12, 12.4% vs. enoxaparin, 37.8%, p < 0.001), primarily due to patient or provider preference. Our data supports DOACs to be preferred over LMWH for the treatment of VTE or for stroke prevention with AF to prevent ICH in patients with brain tumors or metastases."
9879,brain tumour,38281230,Prospective analysis of pre and postoperative laboratory parameters associated with thrombosis in patients with ovarian cancer.,"Patients with ovarian cancer have a high risk of developing thrombosis. We aimed to investigate pre and post operative biomarkers associated with thrombosis including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism in patients treated for ovarian cancer. We collected pre and post operative blood samples from 133 patients undergoing surgery for ovarian cancer between December 2021 and August 2022. The measured parameters were white blood cell count, hemoglobin, platelets, monocytes, serum glucose, CA125, D-dimer, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen degradation products, antithrombin III, protein C, protein S, plasminogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, homocysteine, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, interleukin 6, thrombopoietin, soluble P-selectin and granulocyte stimulating factor. Body mass index of patients were collected. Differences between patients who developed thrombosis and those without were compared with Wilcoxon rank-sum test and we analyzed the continuous variables using logistic regression. Twenty-one (15.8%) patients developed thrombosis ranging from 6 to 146 days (median 15 days) after surgery. Pre operative values of homocysteine (p = 0.033) and IL-6 (p = 0.043) were significantly increased and post operative aPTT (p = 0.022) was prolonged and plasminogen (p = 0.041) was decreased in patients with thrombosis. It is important to find novel biomarkers for thrombosis to carefully manage patients who are prone to develop thrombosis despite preventive measures were applied."
9880,brain tumour,38281073,Evaluating the sensitivity of EQ-5D-5L in patients with brain metastases: a secondary analysis of NRG CC001.,EuroQoL EQ-5D-5L is a commonly used measure of health-related quality of life in clinical trials given the use of its index score as a measure of health utilities. It is unclear whether EQ-5D-5L is sensitive to changes in neurocognitive function and progression that occur following brain radiation. This study sought to evaluate the sensitivity of EQ-5D-5L in reflecting these changes.
9881,brain tumour,38280804,"Gastrointestinal hormones: History, biology, and measurement.","This chapter attempts to provide an all-round picture of a dynamic and major branch of modern endocrinology, i.e. the gastrointestinal endocrinology. The advances during the last half century in our understanding of the dimensions and diversity of gut hormone biology - inside as well as outside the digestive tract - are astounding. Among major milestones are the dual brain-gut relationship, i.e. the comprehensive expression of gastrointestinal hormones as potent transmitters in central and peripheral neurons; the hormonal signaling from the enteroendocrine cells to the brain and other extraintestinal targets; the role of gut hormones as growth and fertility factors; and the new era of gut hormone-derived drugs. Accordingly, gastrointestinal hormones have pathogenetic roles in major metabolic disorders (diabetes mellitus and obesity); in tumor development (common cancers, sarcomas, and neuroendocrine tumors); and in cerebral diseases (anxiety, panic attacks, and probably eating disorders). Such clinical aspects require accurate pathogenetic and diagnostic measurements of gastrointestinal hormones - an obvious responsibility for clinical chemistry/biochemistry. In order to obtain a necessary insight into today's gastrointestinal endocrinology, the chapter will first describe the advances in gastrointestinal endocrinology in a historical context. The history provides a background for the subsequent description of the present biology of gastrointestinal hormones, and its biomedical consequences - not least for clinical chemistry/biochemistry with its specific responsibility for selection of appropriate assays and reliable measurements."
9882,brain tumour,38280734,[Practice of neural homeostasis theory in the treatment of glioma].,"Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. It is resistant to traditional treatments or tends to invade brain functional areas. The current treatment options often lead to high rates of disability or mortality, emphasizing the urgent need for new therapies and approaches. Neurohomeostasis, which is responsible for maintaining normal physiological functions in body, plays a critical role in the development and progression of glioma. In the clinical management of glioma, it is important not only to target the tumor cells but also to address the neurohomeostatic imbalances before, during, and after surgery, for achieving better treatment outcomes. The exploration, development, and application of the neurohomeostasis theory in glioma treatment have the potential to develop current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, offering new perspectives for the clinical management of this condition."
9883,brain tumour,38280535,Differences in the gut microbiome of young adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorder: using machine learning to distinguish cases from controls.,"While an association between the gut microbiome and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) has been suggested, the existing evidence is still inconclusive. To this end, we analyzed bacteria and bacterial genes in feces from 52 young adult SSD patients and 52 controls using fecal shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Compared to controls, young SSD patients were found to have significantly lower α-diversity and different β-diversity both regarding bacterial species (i.e., taxonomic diversity) and bacterial genes (i.e., functional diversity). Furthermore, the α-diversity measures 'Pielou's evenness' and 'Shannon' were significantly higher for both bacterial species, bacterial genes encoding enzymes and gut brain modules in young SSD patients on antipsychotic treatment (young SSD not on antipsychotics=9 patients, young SSD on antipsychotics=43 patients). We also applied machine learning classifiers to distinguish between young SSD patients and healthy controls based on their gut microbiome. Results showed that taxonomic and functional data classified young SSD individuals with an accuracy of ≥ 70% and with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of ≥ 0.75. Differential abundance analysis on the most important features in the classifier models revealed that most of the species with higher abundance in young SSD patients had their natural habitat in the oral cavity. In addition, many of the modules with higher abundance in young SSD patients were amino acid biosynthesis modules. Moreover, the abundances of gut-brain modules of butyrate synthesis and acetate degradation were lower in the SSD patients compared to controls. Collectively, our findings continue to support the presence of gut microbiome alterations in SSD and provide support for the use of machine learning algorithms to distinguish patients from controls based on gut microbiome profiles."
9884,brain tumour,38280505,Translocator protein (TSPO) ligands attenuate mitophagy deficits in the SH-SY5Y cellular model of Alzheimer's disease via the autophagy adaptor P62.,"Mitochondrial dysfunction has been widely implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with accumulation of damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria occurring early in the disease. Mitophagy, which governs mitochondrial turnover and quality control, is impaired in the AD brain, and strategies aimed at enhancing mitophagy have been identified as promising therapeutic targets. The translocator protein (TSPO) is an outer mitochondrial membrane protein that is upregulated in AD, and ligands targeting TSPO have been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in mouse models of AD. However, whether TSPO ligands modulate mitophagy in AD has not been explored. Here, we provide evidence that the TSPO-specific ligands Ro5-4864 and XBD173 attenuate mitophagy deficits and mitochondrial fragmentation in a cellular model of AD overexpressing the human amyloid precursor protein (APP). Ro5-4864 and XBD173 appear to enhance mitophagy via modulation of the autophagic cargo receptor P62/SQSTM1, in the absence of an effect on PARK2, PINK1, or LC3 level. Taken together, these findings indicate that TSPO ligands may be promising therapeutic agents for ameliorating mitophagy deficits in AD."
9885,brain tumour,38280110,Induction of Phosphorylated Tau Accumulation and Memory Impairment by Bisphenol A and the Protective Effects of Carnosic Acid in In Vitro and In Vivo.,"Bisphenol A (BPA) is a component of polycarbonate plastics that has been implicated in memory impairment. The present study investigated the effect of carnosic acid (CA) on memory deficit induced by BPA and the role of Akt in this mechanism. First, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 20 nM BPA and 1 μM CA for 12 h. The results showed that treatment of CA with BPA improved the alternation of IRS-1/Akt/GSK-3β as well as the induction of ApoE and "
9886,brain tumour,38280033,Expression of molecular markers and synergistic anticancer effects of chemotherapy with antimicrobial peptides on glioblastoma cells.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and fatal malignant primary brain tumor. The enhancement of the survival rate for glioma patients remains limited, even with the utilization of a combined treatment approach involving surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. This study was designed to assess the expression of IDH1, TP53, EGFR, Ki-67, GFAP, H3K27M, MGMT, VEGF, NOS, CD99, and ATRX in glioblastoma tissue from 11 patients. We investigated the anticancer impact and combined effects of cathelicidin (LL-37), protegrin-1 (PG-1), with chemotherapy-temozolomide (TMZ), doxorubicin (DOX), carboplatin (CB), cisplatin (CPL), and etoposide (ETO) in primary GBM cells. In addition, we examined the effect of LL-37, PG-1 on normal human fibroblasts and in the C6/Wistar rat intracerebral glioma model."
9887,brain tumour,38279985,National multicentered retrospective review of clinical and intraoperative factors associated with the development of cerebellar mutism after pediatric posterior fossa tumor resection.,Cerebellar mutism (CM) is characterized by a significant loss of speech in children following posterior fossa (PF) surgery. The biological origin of CM remains unclear and is the subject of ongoing debate. Significant recovery from CM is less likely than previously described despite rigorous multidisciplinary neuro-rehabilitational efforts.
9888,brain tumour,38279953,Understanding the mechanisms of diffuse midline glioma cell migration toward therapeutic targeting.,No abstract found
9889,brain tumour,38279908,Low prevalence of neural autoantibodies in perioperative cerebrospinal fluid samples of epilepsy surgery patients: A multicenter prospective study.,"Refractory epilepsy may have an underlying autoimmune etiology. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of neural autoantibodies in a multicenter national prospective cohort of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy undergoing epilepsy surgery utilizing comprehensive clinical, serologic, and histopathological analyses."
9890,brain tumour,38279763,"Non-coding RNAs as Key Regulators of the Notch Signaling Pathway in Glioblastoma: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Targets.","Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly invasive brain malignancy originating from astrocytes, accounting for approximately 30% of central nervous system malignancies. Despite advancements in therapeutic strategies including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiopharmaceutical drugs, the prognosis for GBM patients remains dismal. The aggressive nature of GBM necessitates the identification of molecular targets and the exploration of effective treatments to inhibit its proliferation. The Notch signaling pathway, which plays a critical role in cellular homeostasis, becomes deregulated in GBM, leading to increased expression of pathway target genes such as MYC, Hes1, and Hey1, thereby promoting cellular proliferation and differentiation. Recent research has highlighted the regulatory role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in modulating Notch signaling by targeting critical mRNA expression at the post-transcriptional or transcriptional levels. Specifically, various types of ncRNAs, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), have been shown to control multiple target genes and significantly contribute to the carcinogenesis of GBM. Furthermore, these ncRNAs hold promise as prognostic and predictive markers for GBM. This review aims to summarize the latest studies investigating the regulatory effects of ncRNAs on the Notch signaling pathway in GBM."
9891,brain tumour,38279718,Treatment Advances in Lung Cancer with Leptomeningeal Metastasis.,"Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a serious and often fatal complication in patients with advanced lung cancer, resulting in significant neurological deficits, decreased quality of life, and a poor prognosis. This article summarizes current research advances in treating lung cancer with meningeal metastases, discusses clinical challenges, and explores treatment strategies. Through an extensive review of relevant clinical trial reports and screening of recent conference abstracts, we collected clinical data on treating patients with lung cancer with meningeal metastases to provide an overview of the current research progress. Exciting progress has been made by focusing on specific mutations within lung cancer, including the use of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors or inhibitors for anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene rearrangement, such as osimertinib, alectinib, and lorlatinib. These targeted therapies have shown impressive results in penetrating the central nervous system (CNS). Regarding whole-brain radiotherapy, there is currently some controversy among investigators regarding its effect on survival. Additionally, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated reliable clinical benefits due to their ability to retain anticancer activity in CNS metastases. Moreover, combination therapy shows promise in providing further treatment possibilities. Considerable progress has been made in the clinical research of lung cancer with LM. However, the sample size of prospective clinical trials investigating LM for lung cancer is still limited, with most reports being retrospective. Developing more effective management protocols for metastatic LM in lung cancer remains an ongoing challenge for the future."
9892,brain tumour,38279661,"Editorial for ""Tumor Multiregional Mean Apparent Propagator (MAP) Features in Evaluating Gliomas-A Comparative Study With Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI)"".",No abstract found
9893,brain tumour,38279525,Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma in Wilson's Disease: A Case Report.,"BACKGROUND Wilson's disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of copper in the liver, brain, and kidneys. Although it affects only approximately 1 in 30 000 individuals, it leads to progressive liver damage and neurological issue. Wilson's disease presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations related to hepatic disease, ranging from asymptomatic cases to acute liver failure. The occurrence of hepatobiliary malignancies, including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, is relatively uncommon in Wilson's disease, even among patients with cirrhosis. Only 14 cases have been published so far, including the present report, and its etiology remains unclear. CASE REPORT We report the successful treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a 39-year-old woman with Wilson's disease. Twenty-two years after being diagnosed with Wilson's disease, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was diagnosed. She had an intrahepatic mass that was found to be a 4.3-cm ill-defined hypodense lesion in liver segment 3/4, with features suggesting infiltrative intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma rather than hepatocellular carcinoma. Laboratory results showed slightly elevated liver enzymes and tumor markers. There was no evidence of metastasis on chest computed tomography or positron emission tomography, and the tumor was resectable, so surgery was the first-choice treatment option. Left hepatectomy was performed successfully, and the final pathology confirmed adenocarcinoma with clear resection margins. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine. To date, the patient has been doing well without evidence of recurrence or metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Despite limited knowledge regarding hepatic malignancy in Wilson's disease, it is crucial to prioritize careful monitoring and develop suitable treatment strategies upon diagnosis to achieve favorable outcomes, considering the potential occurrence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in Wilson's disease."
9894,brain tumour,38279335,Advances in Mass Spectrometry of Gangliosides Expressed in Brain Cancers.,"Gangliosides are highly abundant in the human brain where they are involved in major biological events. In brain cancers, alterations of ganglioside pattern occur, some of which being correlated with neoplastic transformation, while others with tumor proliferation. Of all techniques, mass spectrometry (MS) has proven to be one of the most effective in gangliosidomics, due to its ability to characterize heterogeneous mixtures and discover species with biomarker value. This review highlights the most significant achievements of MS in the analysis of gangliosides in human brain cancers. The first part presents the latest state of MS development in the discovery of ganglioside markers in primary brain tumors, with a particular emphasis on the ion mobility separation (IMS) MS and its contribution to the elucidation of the gangliosidome associated with aggressive tumors. The second part is focused on MS of gangliosides in brain metastases, highlighting the ability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MS, microfluidics-MS and tandem MS to decipher and structurally characterize species involved in the metastatic process. In the end, several conclusions and perspectives are presented, among which the need for development of reliable software and a user-friendly structural database as a search platform in brain tumor diagnostics."
9895,brain tumour,38279197,Radiomic profiling for insular diffuse glioma stratification with distinct biologic pathway activities.,"Current literature emphasizes surgical complexities and customized resection for managing insular gliomas; however, radiogenomic investigations into prognostic radiomic traits remain limited. We aimed to develop and validate a radiomic model using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for prognostic prediction and to reveal the underlying biological mechanisms. Radiomic features from preoperative MRI were utilized to develop and validate a radiomic risk signature (RRS) for insular gliomas, validated through paired MRI and RNA-seq data (N = 39), to identify core pathways underlying the RRS and individual prognostic radiomic features. An 18-feature-based RRS was established for overall survival (OS) prediction. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) were used to identify intersectional pathways. In total, 364 patients with insular gliomas (training set, N = 295; validation set, N = 69) were enrolled. RRS was significantly associated with insular glioma OS (log-rank p = 0.00058; HR = 3.595, 95% CI:1.636-7.898) in the validation set. The radiomic-pathological-clinical model (R-P-CM) displayed enhanced reliability and accuracy in prognostic prediction. The radiogenomic analysis revealed 322 intersectional pathways through GSEA and WGCNA fusion; 13 prognostic radiomic features were significantly correlated with these intersectional pathways. The RRS demonstrated independent predictive value for insular glioma prognosis compared with established clinical and pathological profiles. The biological basis for prognostic radiomic indicators includes immune, proliferative, migratory, metabolic, and cellular biological function-related pathways."
9896,brain tumour,38279127,Performance of node reporting and data system (node-RADS): a preliminary study in cervical cancer.,Node Reporting and Data System (Node-RADS) was proposed and can be applied to lymph nodes (LNs) across all anatomical sites. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of Node-RADS in cervical cancer patients.
9897,brain tumour,38279111,Immune-related lncRNAs signature and radiomics signature predict the prognosis and immune microenvironment of glioblastoma multiforme.,Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. This study aimed to construct immune-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) signature and radiomics signature to probe the prognosis and immune infiltration of GBM patients.
9898,brain tumour,38279087,PerSurge (NOA-30) phase II trial of perampanel treatment around surgery in patients with progressive glioblastoma.,Glioblastoma is the most frequent and a particularly malignant primary brain tumor with no efficacy-proven standard therapy for recurrence. It has recently been discovered that excitatory synapses of the AMPA-receptor subtype form between non-malignant brain neurons and tumor cells. This neuron-tumor network connectivity contributed to glioma progression and could be efficiently targeted with the EMA/FDA approved antiepileptic AMPA receptor inhibitor perampanel in preclinical studies. The PerSurge trial was designed to test the clinical potential of perampanel to reduce tumor cell network connectivity and tumor growth with an extended window-of-opportunity concept.
9899,brain tumour,38279060,Surgical site infections after glioblastoma surgery: boon or bane?,Surgical site infections (SSIs) are among the most common postoperative complications. Glioblastoma multiforme is the most frequent malignant brain tumor with a dismal prognosis despite combined treatment. The effect of SSIs on the course of glioblastoma patients has not been fully clarified since available data are limited and partially contradictory. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of SSIs on the course of patients with glioblastoma.
9900,brain tumour,38278413,Fatigue in patients with acquired brain damage.,"Fatigue is a complex, multidimensional syndrome that is prevalent in patients with acquired brain damage and has a negative impact on the neurorehabilitation process. It presents from early stages after the injury, and may persist over time, regardless of whether sequelae have resolved. Fatigue is conditioned by upper neuronal circuits, and is defined as an abnormal perception of overexertion. Its prevalence ranges from 29% to 77% after stroke, from 18% to 75% after traumatic brain injury, and from 47% to 97% after brain tumours. Fatigue is associated with factors including female sex, advanced age, dysfunctional families, history of specific health conditions, functional status (eg, fatigue prior to injury), comorbidities, mood, secondary disability, and the use of certain drugs. Assessment of fatigue is fundamentally based on such scales as the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Advances have recently been made in imaging techniques for its diagnosis, such as in functional MRI. Regarding treatment, no specific pharmacological treatment currently exists; however, positive results have been reported for some conventional neurorehabilitation therapies, such as bright light therapy, neurofeedback, electrical stimulation, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. This review aims to assist neurorehabilitation professionals to recognise modifiable factors associated with fatigue and to describe the treatments available to reduce its negative effect on patients."
9901,brain tumour,38278347,Hypoxically stored RBC resuscitation in a rat model of traumatic brain injury and severe hemorrhagic shock.,This study aims to investigate the effects of hypoxically stored Red Blood Cells (RBCs) in a rat model of traumatic brain injury followed by severe hemorrhagic shock (HS) and resuscitation. RBCs were made hypoxic using an O
9902,brain tumour,38278136,Molecular Engineering of Bright NIR-I/NIR-II Nanofluorophores for High-Resolution Bioimaging and Tumor Detection ,"A comprehensive approach for the construction of NIR-I/NIR-II nanofluorophores with exceptional brightness and excellent chemo- and photostability has been developed. This study first confirmed that the amphiphilic molecules with stronger hydrophobic moieties and weaker hydrophilic moieties are superior candidates for constructing brighter nanofluorophores, which are attributed to its higher efficiency in suppressing the intramolecular charge transfer/aggregation-caused fluorescence quenching of donor-acceptor-donor type fluorophores. The prepared nanofluorophore demonstrates a fluorescence quantum yield exceeding 4.5% in aqueous solution and exhibits a strong NIR-II tail emission up to 1300 nm. The superior performance of the nanofluorophore enabled the achievement of high-resolution whole-body vessel imaging and brain vessel imaging, as well as high-contrast fluorescence imaging of the lymphatic system "
9903,brain tumour,38277995,Effect of low-dose bevacizumab on health-related quality of life in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma: A retrospective clinical study.,We retrospectively analyzed the effects of low-dose bevacizumab (BEV) combined with temozolomide (TMZ) on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma (rHGG).
9904,brain tumour,38277950,Cytokine Release by Microglia Exposed to Neurologic Injury Is Amplified by Lipopolysaccharide.,Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and morbidity in the trauma population. Microglia drive the secondary neuroinflammatory response after TBI. We sought to determine if the microglial response to neurologic injury was exacerbated by a second stimulus after exposure to neurologic injury.
9905,brain tumour,38277755,Drug resistance mechanisms in dopamine agonist-resistant prolactin pituitary neuroendocrine tumors and exploration for new drugs.,"The treatment of dopamine agonists (DA) resistant prolactinomas remains a formidable challenge, as the mechanism of resistance is still unclear, and there are currently no viable alternative drug therapies available. This study seeks to investigate the mechanism of DA resistance in prolactinomas and identify new potentially effective drugs."
9906,brain tumour,38277747,"Tumor-associated microenvironment, PD-L1 expression and their relationship with immunotherapy in glioblastoma, IDH-wild type: A comprehensive review with emphasis on the implications for neuropathologists.","Although novel knowledge has been acquired on the molecular landscape of glioblastoma (GBM), a relatively few steps forward have been made regarding its therapy. With the increasing use of novel immunotherapeutic drugs capable of stimulating the antitumor inflammatory response, in the last decades numerous studies aimed to characterize the tumor-associated microenvironment (TME) and its relationship with the immunogenicity of GBM. In this regard, although the tumor-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs) and PD-L1/PD-1 axis have been emerged as one of the most relevant components of the GBM TME and one of the potential molecular pathways targetable with immunotherapy, respectively. It has been supposed that TAMs may acquire different phenotypes, switching from M1 to M2 phenotypes, with tumor-suppressive and tumor-stimulating role depending on the different surrounding conditions. PD-L1 is a type 1 transmembrane protein ligand expressed by T-cells, B-cells and antigen-presenting cells, with a main inhibitory checkpoint role on tumor immune regulation. While PD-L1 immunohistochemical expression has been extensively investigated in many cancers, its usefulness in the evaluation of GBM response rates to immunotherapy and its standardized evaluation by immunohistochemistry are still debated. The present review paper focuses on the current ""state of the art"" about the relationship between TME, PD-L1/PD-1 pathway and immunotherapy in GBM, also providing neuropathologists with an updated guide about the clinical trials conducted with PD-L1 and PD-1 inhibitors."
9907,brain tumour,38277666,Letter to the Editor. A new understanding of water and electrolyte imbalances after pituitary adenoma surgery.,No abstract found
9908,brain tumour,38277661,"Anterior transpetrosal approach and the tumor removal rate, postoperative neurological changes, and complications: experience in 274 cases over 33 years.","The authors report on the anterior transpetrosal approach (ATPA) and the results of surgeries performed over a 33-year period for petroclival tumors, including meningioma, trigeminal schwannoma, chordoma, and epidermoid tumor. They analyze early postoperative neurological changes, surgical complications, and trends over the decades."
9909,brain tumour,38277648,Rapid brain MRI for image-guided ventricular catheter placement in pediatric patients: protocol and preliminary clinical outcomes.,"Neuronavigation is a useful adjunct for catheter placement during neurosurgical procedures for hydrocephalus or ventricular access. MRI protocols for navigation are lengthy and require sedation for young children. CT involves ionizing radiation. In this study, the authors introduce the clinical application of a 1-minute rapid MRI sequence that does not require sedation in young children and report their preliminary clinical experience using this technique in their pediatric population."
9910,brain tumour,38277647,The AANS/CNS Section on Tumors: a summary of 40 years of advocacy to advance the care of patients with brain and spine tumors.,"The AANS/CNS Section on Tumors was founded 40 years ago in 1984 to assist in the education of neurosurgeons interested in neuro-oncology, and serves as a resource for other national organizations regarding the clinical treatment of nervous system tumors. The Section on Tumors was the first national physicians' professional organization dedicated to the study and treatment of patients with brain and spine tumors. Over the past 40 years, the Section on Tumors has built solid foundations, including establishing the tumor section satellite meetings, founding the Journal of Neuro-Oncology (the first medical journal dedicated to brain and spine surgical oncology), advancing surgical neuro-oncology education and research, promoting neurosurgical involvement in neuro-oncology clinical trials, and advocating for patients with brain and spine tumors. This review provides a synopsis of the Section on Tumors' history, its challenges, and its opportunities, drawing on the section's archives and input from the 17 section chairs who led it during its first 40 years."
9911,brain tumour,38277627,Intracranial Germinoma in Two Caucasian American Siblings With Autism Spectrum Disorder.,"Intracranial germ cell tumors (IGCTs) comprise 3% to 5% of all pediatric brain tumors in the West, with a significantly higher prevalence in Asia. Although these tumors are histologically diverse, repeated somatic variants have been demonstrated. Chromosomal aneuploidies, such as Klinefelter and Down syndromes, are associated with IGCTs, but no familial germline tumor syndromes are currently known. Here, we report the novel case of 2 American siblings with underlying autism spectrum disorder who developed intracranial germinoma within months of each other, in the absence of external risk factors. Extensive genetic testing was performed, including karyotyping, chromosomal microarray, and whole exome and whole genome sequencing, and did not identify any variants accounting for the phenotypes. Despite the absence of overlapping variants, a recent retrospective review demonstrated a threefold greater prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in patients with intracranial germinoma compared with national prevalence. This report highlights the complexity of tumor development, as well as the need for further research regarding IGCTs in a neurodivergent population."
9912,brain tumour,38277473,Stereotactic radiotherapy of intracranial tumor beds on a ring-mounted Halcyon LINAC.,This study sought to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the Halcyon Ring Delivery System (RDS) for delivering stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) treatments for intracranial tumors beds.
9913,brain tumour,38277334,Approaches for Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)/Stereotactic Radiotherapy (SRT) in brain metastases using different radiotherapy modalities (Feasibility study).,"SRS and SRT are precise treatments for brain metastases, delivering high doses while minimizing doses to nearby organs. Modern linear accelerators enable the precise delivery of SRS/SRT using different modalities like three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), and Rapid Arc (RA)."
9914,brain tumour,38277295,Neuroinflammatory Responses Occur in Brain Lesions During Alzheimer's Disease: Postmortem Case Report.,Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by a gradual decrease in cognitive function and is considered a disorder in which the intensifying neuronal loss. The autopsy is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of AD and non-AD dementia.
9915,brain tumour,38277073,Transcriptional Inhibition of the Mecp2 Promoter by MeCP2E1 and MeCP2E2 Isoforms Suggests Negative Auto-Regulatory Feedback that can be Moderated by Metformin.,"The epigenetic factor Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 (MeCP2) is a nuclear protein that binds methylated DNA molecules (both 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine) and controls gene transcription. MeCP2 is an important transcription factor that acts in a dose-dependent manner in the brain; thus, its optimal expression level in brain cells is important. As such, its deregulated expression, as well as gain- or loss-of-function mutation, lead to impaired neurodevelopment, and compromised structure and function of brain cells, particularly in neurons. Studies from others and us have characterized two well-recognized MeCP2 isoforms: MeCP2E1 and MeCP2E2. We have reported that in Daoy medulloblastoma brain cells, MeCP2E2 overexpression leads to MeCP2E1 protein degradation. Whether MeCP2 isoforms regulate the Mecp2 promoter regulatory elements remains unexplored. We previously showed that in Daoy cells, metformin (an anti-diabetic drug) induces MECP2E1 transcripts. However, possible impact of metformin on the Mecp2 promoter activity was not studied. Here, we generated stably transduced Daoy cell reporters to express EGFP driven by the Mecp2 promoter. Transduced cells were sorted into four EGFP-expressing groups (R4-to-R7) with different intensities of EGFP expression. Our results confirm that the Mecp2 promoter is active in Daoy cells, and that overexpression of either isoform inhibits the Mecp2 promoter activity, as detected by flow cytometry and luciferase reporter assays. Interestingly, metformin partially relieved the inhibitory effect of MeCP2E1 on the Mecp2 promoter, detected by flow cytometry. Taken together, our data provide important insight towards the regulation of MeCP2 isoforms at the promoter level, which might have biological relevance to the neurobiology of the brain."
9916,brain tumour,38277059,Artificial Intelligence Imaging for Predicting High-risk Molecular Markers of Gliomas.,"Gliomas, the most prevalent primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system, present significant challenges in diagnosis and prognosis. The fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS5) published in 2021, has emphasized the role of high-risk molecular markers in gliomas. These markers are crucial for enhancing glioma grading and influencing survival and prognosis. Noninvasive prediction of these high-risk molecular markers is vital. Genetic testing after biopsy, the current standard for determining molecular type, is invasive and time-consuming. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a non-invasive alternative, providing structural and functional insights into gliomas. Advanced MRI methods can potentially reflect the pathological characteristics associated with glioma molecular markers; however, they struggle to fully represent gliomas' high heterogeneity. Artificial intelligence (AI) imaging, capable of processing vast medical image datasets, can extract critical molecular information. AI imaging thus emerges as a noninvasive and efficient method for identifying high-risk molecular markers in gliomas, a recent focus of research. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of AI imaging's role in predicting glioma high-risk molecular markers, highlighting challenges and future directions."
9917,brain tumour,38277015,Circadian regulation of MGMT expression and promoter methylation underlies daily rhythms in TMZ sensitivity in glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. Despite extensive research and clinical trials, median survival post-treatment remains at 15 months. Thus, all opportunities to optimize current treatments and improve patient outcomes should be considered. A recent retrospective clinical study found that taking TMZ in the morning compared to the evening was associated with a 6-month increase in median survival in patients with MGMT-methylated GBM. Here, we hypothesized that TMZ efficacy depends on time-of-day and O"
9918,brain tumour,38277007,Efficacy and safety of cysto-ventricular catheter implantation for space-occupying cysts arising from glioma and brain metastasis: a retrospective study.,"Cysto-ventricular catheters (CVC) have emerged as promising treatment option for cystic craniopharyngioma and arachnoid cysts, but their effectiveness in treating cysts originating from glioma or brain metastasis (BM) remains limited. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of CVC in patients with glioma and BM as well as procedure-associated morbidity."
9919,brain tumour,38276973,Pediatric sellar teratoma - Case report and review of the literature.,"Intracranial teratoma represents a rare neoplasm, occurring predominantly during childhood. Characteristic symptoms depend on the location but are mainly hydrocephalus, visual disturbances, hypopituitarism, and diabetes insipidus. Initial diagnosis can be challenging due to similar radiological features in both teratomas and other lesions such as craniopharyngiomas. Gross total resection is recommended if feasible and associated with a good prognosis."
9920,brain tumour,38276008,Harmaline to Human Mitochondrial Caseinolytic Serine Protease Activation for Pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Treatment.,"Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), affecting children aged 4-7 years, is a rare, aggressive tumor that originates in the pons and then spreads to nearby tissue. DIPG is the leading cause of death for pediatric brain tumors due to its infiltrative nature and inoperability. Radiotherapy has only a palliative effect on stabilizing symptoms. "
9921,brain tumour,38275897,Proline Metabolism in WHO G4 Gliomas Is Altered as Compared to Unaffected Brain Tissue.,"Proline metabolism has been identified as a significant player in several neoplasms, but knowledge of its role in gliomas is limited despite it providing a promising line of pursuit. Data on proline metabolism in the brain are somewhat historical. This study aims to investigate alterations of proline metabolism in gliomas of WHO grade 4 (GG4) in the context of the brain. A total of 20 pairs of samples were studied, consisting of excised tumor and unaffected brain tissue, obtained when partial brain resection was required to reach deep-seated lesions. Levels of proline oxidase/proline dehydrogenase (POX/PRODH), Δ"
9922,brain tumour,38275876,Small Molecule Immunomodulators as Next-Generation Therapeutics for Glioblastoma.,"Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive astrocytic glioma, remains a therapeutic challenge despite multimodal approaches. Immunotherapy holds promise, but its efficacy is hindered by the highly immunosuppressive GBM microenvironment. This review underscores the urgent need to comprehend the intricate interactions between glioma and immune cells, shaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in GBM. Immunotherapeutic advancements have shown limited success, prompting exploration of immunomodulatory approaches targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and microglia, constituting a substantial portion of the GBM TME. Converting protumor M2-like TAMs to antitumor M1-like phenotypes emerges as a potential therapeutic strategy for GBM. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses an additional challenge to successful immunotherapy, restricting drug delivery to GBM TME. Research efforts to enhance BBB permeability have mainly focused on small molecules, which can traverse the BBB more effectively than biologics. Despite over 200 clinical trials for GBM, studies on small molecule immunomodulators within the GBM TME are scarce. Developing small molecules with optimal brain penetration and selectivity against immunomodulatory pathways presents a promising avenue for combination therapies in GBM. This comprehensive review discusses various immunomodulatory pathways in GBM progression with a focus on immune checkpoints and TAM-related targets. The exploration of such molecules, with the capacity to selectively target key immunomodulatory pathways and penetrate the BBB, holds the key to unlocking new combination therapy approaches for GBM."
9923,brain tumour,38275817,A New Systemic Disease Mouse Model for Glioblastoma Capable of Single-Tumour-Cell Detection.,"Glioblastoma is characterised by extensive infiltration into the brain parenchyma, leading to inevitable tumor recurrence and therapeutic failure. Future treatments will need to target the specific biology of tumour recurrence, but our current understanding of the underlying mechanisms is limited. Significantly, there is a lack of available methods and models that are tailored to the examination of tumour recurrence."
9924,brain tumour,38275815,Heparan Sulfate Modulation Affects Breast Cancer Cell Adhesion and Transmigration across In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier.,"The disruption of endothelial heparan sulfate (HS) is an early event in tumor cell metastasis across vascular barriers, and the reinforcement of endothelial HS reduces tumor cell adhesion to endothelium. Our recent study showed that while vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) greatly reduces HS at an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) formed by human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMECs), it significantly enhances HS on a breast cancer cell, MDA-MB-231 (MB231). Here, we tested that this differential effect of VEGF on the HS favors MB231 adhesion and transmigration. We also tested if agents that enhance endothelial HS may affect the HS of MB231 and reduce its adhesion and transmigration. To test these hypotheses, we generated an in vitro BBB by culturing hCMECs on either a glass-bottom dish or a Transwell filter. We first quantified the HS of the BBB and MB231 after treatment with VEGF and endothelial HS-enhancing agents and then quantified the adhesion and transmigration of MB231 across the BBB after pretreatment with these agents. Our results demonstrated that the reduced/enhanced BBB HS and enhanced/reduced MB231 HS increase/decrease MB231 adhesion to and transmigration across the BBB. Our findings suggest a therapeutic intervention by targeting the HS-mediated breast cancer brain metastasis."
9925,brain tumour,38275613,The Causal Relationship between PCSK9 Inhibitors and Malignant Tumors: A Mendelian Randomization Study Based on Drug Targeting.,
9926,brain tumour,38275528,Neuropathological Applications of Microscopy with Ultraviolet Surface Excitation (MUSE): A Concordance Study of Human Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors.,"Whereas traditional histology and light microscopy require multiple steps of formalin fixation, paraffin embedding, and sectioning to generate images for pathologic diagnosis, Microscopy using Ultraviolet Surface Excitation (MUSE) operates through UV excitation on the cut surface of tissue, generating images of high resolution without the need to fix or section tissue and allowing for potential use for downstream molecular tests. Here, we present the first study of the use and suitability of MUSE microscopy for neuropathological samples. MUSE images were generated from surgical biopsy samples of primary and metastatic brain tumor biopsy samples (n = 27), and blinded assessments of diagnoses, tumor grades, and cellular features were compared to corresponding hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images. A set of MUSE-treated samples subsequently underwent exome and targeted sequencing, and quality metrics were compared to those from fresh frozen specimens. Diagnostic accuracy was relatively high, and DNA and RNA integrity appeared to be preserved for this cohort. This suggests that MUSE may be a reliable method of generating high-quality diagnostic-grade histologic images for neuropathology on a rapid and sample-sparing basis and for subsequent molecular analysis of DNA and RNA."
9927,brain tumour,38275409,CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Therapy for Glioblastoma: A Scoping Review.,"This scoping review examines the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in glioblastoma (GBM), a predominant and aggressive brain tumor. Categorizing gene targets into distinct groups, this review explores their roles in cell cycle regulation, microenvironmental dynamics, interphase processes, and therapy resistance reduction. The complexity of CRISPR-Cas9 applications in GBM research is highlighted, providing unique insights into apoptosis, cell proliferation, and immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. The studies challenge conventional perspectives on specific genes, emphasizing the potential therapeutic implications of manipulating key molecular players in cell cycle dynamics. Exploring CRISPR/Cas9 gene therapy in GBMs yields significant insights into the regulation of cellular processes, spanning cell interphase, renewal, and migration. Researchers, by precisely targeting specific genes, uncover the molecular orchestration governing cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation during critical phases of the cell cycle. The findings underscore the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in unraveling the complex dynamics of the GBM microenvironment, offering promising avenues for targeted therapies to curb GBM growth. This review also outlines studies addressing therapy resistance in GBM, employing CRISPR/Cas9 to target genes associated with chemotherapy resistance, showcasing its transformative potential in effective GBM treatments."
9928,brain tumour,38275385,From Genes to Therapy: Pituitary Adenomas in the Era of Precision Medicine.,"This review presents a comprehensive analysis of pituitary adenomas, a type of brain tumor with diverse behaviors and complexities. We cover various treatment approaches, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and their integration with newer treatments. Key to the discussion is the role of biomarkers in oncology for risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, and the monitoring of pituitary adenomas. We highlight advances in genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic analyses and their contributions to understanding the pathogenesis and molecular pathology of these tumors. Special attention is given to the molecular mechanisms, including the impact of epigenetic factors like histone modifications, DNA methylation, and transcriptomic changes on different subtypes of pituitary adenomas. The importance of the tumor immune microenvironment in tumor behavior and treatment response is thoroughly analyzed. We highlight potential breakthroughs and innovations for a more effective management and treatment of pituitary adenomas, while shedding light on the ongoing need for research and development in this field to translate scientific knowledge into clinical advancements, aiming to improve patient outcomes."
9929,brain tumour,38275370,Advancements in Glioma Care: Focus on Emerging Neurosurgical Techniques.,"Despite significant advances in understanding the molecular pathways of glioma, translating this knowledge into effective long-term solutions remains a challenge. Indeed, gliomas pose a significant challenge to neurosurgical oncology because of their diverse histopathological features, genetic heterogeneity, and clinical manifestations. Relevant sections: This study focuses on glioma complexity by reviewing recent advances in their management, also considering new classification systems and emerging neurosurgical techniques. To bridge the gap between new neurosurgical approaches and standards of care, the importance of molecular diagnosis and the use of techniques such as laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) and focused ultrasound (FUS) are emphasized, exploring how the integration of molecular knowledge with emerging neurosurgical approaches can personalize and improve the treatment of gliomas."
9930,brain tumour,38275289,BCAS1 defines a heterogeneous cell population in diffuse gliomas.,"Oligodendrocyte precursor markers have become of great interest to identify new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for diffuse gliomas, since state-of-the-art studies point towards immature oligodendrocytes as a possible source of gliomagenesis. Brain enriched myelin associated protein 1 (BCAS1) is a novel marker of immature oligodendrocytes and was proposed to contribute to tumorigenesis in non-central nervous system tumors. However, BCAS1 role in diffuse glioma is still underexplored. This study analyzes the expression of BCAS1 in different tumor samples from patients with diffuse gliomas (17 oligodendrogliomas; 8 astrocytomas; 60 glioblastomas) and uncovers the molecular and ultrastructural features of BCAS1"
9931,brain tumour,38275207,Deficient mismatch repair screening of advanced adenomas in the population screening program for colorectal cancer is not effective.,"Currently, screening of colorectal cancers (CRC) by assessing mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) or microsatellite instability (MSI) is used to identify Lynch syndrome (LS) patients. Advanced adenomas are considered immediate precursor lesions of CRC. In this study we investigate the relevance of screening of advanced adenomas for LS in population screening."
9932,brain tumour,38275166,Miniature fluorescence sensor for quantitative detection of brain tumour.,"Fluorescence-guided surgery has emerged as a vital tool for tumour resection procedures. As well as intraoperative tumour visualisation, 5-ALA-induced PpIX provides an avenue for quantitative tumour identification based on ratiometric fluorescence measurement. To this end, fluorescence imaging and fibre-based probes have enabled more precise demarcation between the cancerous and healthy tissues. These sensing approaches, which rely on collecting the fluorescence light from the tumour resection site and its ""remote"" spectral sensing, introduce challenges associated with optical losses. In this work, we demonstrate the viability of tumour detection at the resection site using a miniature fluorescence measurement system. Unlike the current bulky systems, which necessitate remote measurement, we have adopted a millimetre-sized spectral sensor chip for quantitative fluorescence measurements. A reliable measurement at the resection site requires a stable optical window between the tissue and the optoelectronic system. This is achieved using an antifouling diamond window, which provides stable optical transparency. The system achieved a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 98.3% in detecting a surrogate tumour at a resolution of 1 × 1 mm"
9933,brain tumour,38275102,UBDP1 pseudogene and UBD network competitively bind miR‑6072 to promote glioma progression.,"Increasing evidence suggests that pseudogenes play crucial roles in various cancers, yet their functions and regulatory mechanisms in glioma pathogenesis remain enigmatic. In the present study, a novel pseudogene was identified, UBDP1, which is significantly upregulated in glioblastoma and positively correlated with the expression of its parent gene, UBD. Additionally, high levels of these paired genes are linked with a poor prognosis for patients. In the present study, clinical samples were collected followed by various analyses including microarray for long non‑coding RNAs, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, fluorescence "
9934,brain tumour,38275045,Convection-enhanced Diffusion: A Novel Tactics to Crack the BBB.,"Although the brain is very accessible to nutrition and oxygen, it can be difficult to deliver medications to malignant brain tumours. To get around some of these issues and enable the use of therapeutic pharmacological substances that wouldn't typically cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), convection-enhanced delivery (CED) has been developed. It is a cutting-edge strategy that gets beyond the blood-brain barrier and enables targeted drug administration to treat different neurological conditions such as brain tumours, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. Utilizing pressure gradients to spread the medicine across the target area is the main idea behind this diffusion mechanism. Through one to several catheters positioned stereotactically directly within the tumour mass, around the tumour, or in the cavity created by the resection, drugs are given. This method can be used in a variety of drug classes, including traditional chemotherapeutics and cutting-edge investigational targeted medications by using positive-pressure techniques. The drug delivery volume must be optimized for an effective infusion while minimizing backflow, which causes side effects and lowers therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, this technique provides a promising approach for treating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS)."
9935,brain tumour,38274889,Association between red blood cell distribution width-to-albumin ratio and the prognosis in patients with autoimmune encephalitis: a retrospective cohort study.,"Red blood cell distribution width-to-albumin ratio (RAR) is a combined new indicator reflecting immunology and has been reported to predict the prognosis of inflammation-related diseases and brain diseases. However, the association and predictive value of RAR in the prognosis of patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) has not been reported."
9936,brain tumour,38274827,"Glioma: bridging the tumor microenvironment, patient immune profiles and novel personalized immunotherapy.","Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor, characterized by a consistently high patient mortality rate and a dismal prognosis affecting both survival and quality of life. Substantial evidence underscores the vital role of the immune system in eradicating tumors effectively and preventing metastasis, underscoring the importance of cancer immunotherapy which could potentially address the challenges in glioma therapy. Although glioma immunotherapies have shown promise in preclinical and early-phase clinical trials, they face specific limitations and challenges that have hindered their success in further phase III trials. Resistance to therapy has been a major challenge across many experimental approaches, and as of now, no immunotherapies have been approved. In addition, there are several other limitations facing glioma immunotherapy in clinical trials, such as high intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity, an inherently immunosuppressive microenvironment, the unique tissue-specific interactions between the central nervous system and the peripheral immune system, the existence of the blood-brain barrier, which is a physical barrier to drug delivery, and the immunosuppressive effects of standard therapy. Therefore, in this review, we delve into several challenges that need to be addressed to achieve boosted immunotherapy against gliomas. First, we discuss the hurdles posed by the glioma microenvironment, particularly its primary cellular inhabitants, in particular tumor-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs), and myeloid cells, which represent a significant barrier to effective immunotherapy. Here we emphasize the impact of inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) on the migration of Th17 cells into the tumor microenvironment, converting it into an immunologically ""hot"" environment and enhancing the effectiveness of ongoing immunotherapy. Next, we address the challenge associated with the accurate identification and characterization of the primary immune profiles of gliomas, and their implications for patient prognosis, which can facilitate the selection of personalized treatment regimens and predict the patient's response to immunotherapy. Finally, we explore a prospective approach to developing highly personalized vaccination strategies against gliomas, based on the search for patient-specific neoantigens. All the pertinent challenges discussed in this review will serve as a compass for future developments in immunotherapeutic strategies against gliomas, paving the way for upcoming preclinical and clinical research endeavors."
9937,brain tumour,38274817,Establishment and immune phenotyping of patient-derived glioblastoma models in humanized mice.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common type of malignant brain tumor diagnosed in adults. Preclinical immunocompetent mouse tumor models generated using mouse tumor cells play a pivotal role in testing the therapeutic efficacy of emerging immune-based therapies for GBMs. However, the clinical translatability of such studies is limited as mouse tumor lines do not fully recapitulate GBMs seen in inpatient settings. In this study, we generated three distinct, imageable human-GBM (hGBM) models in humanized mice using patient-derived GBM cells that cover phenotypic and genetic GBM heterogeneity in primary (invasive and nodular) and recurrent tumors. We developed a pipeline to first enrich the tumor-initiating stem-like cells and then successfully established robust patient-derived GBM tumor engraftment and growth in bone marrow-liver-thymus (BLT) humanized mice. Multiplex immunofluorescence of GBM tumor sections revealed distinct phenotypic features of the patient GBM tumors, with myeloid cells dominating the immune landscape. Utilizing flow cytometry and correlative immunofluorescence, we profiled the immune microenvironment within the established human GBM tumors in the BLT mouse models and showed tumor infiltration of variable human immune cells, creating a unique immune landscape compared with lymphoid organs. These findings contribute substantially to our understanding of GBM biology within the context of the human immune system in humanized mice and lay the groundwork for further translational studies aimed at advancing therapeutic strategies for GBM."
9938,brain tumour,38274353,"Case Report: ""Aggressive"" perioperative antiseizure medication prophylaxis in patients with glioma-related epilepsy at high risk of early postoperative seizures following awake craniotomy.","Early postoperative seizures (EPS) are a common complication of brain tumor surgery. EPS can lead to hemorrhage, cerebral hypoxia, increased intracranial pressure, longer hospitalization, reduced quality of life, decreased overall survival, and increased morbidity. However, there are no formal guidelines on perioperative antiseizure medication (ASM) management in patients with tumor-related epilepsy who are deemed high risk for EPS. In this study, we describe the case of a 38-year-old man with isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant mixed glioma and two episodes of EPS manifesting with status epilepticus during prior tumor surgeries and who presented with tumor progression. The Tumor Board recommended awake craniotomy with direct electrical stimulation (DES). The patient was administered aggressive preoperative ""prophylactic"" ASMs by increasing the maintenance doses of lacosamide and levetiracetam by 25% 48 h before surgery. An intravenous load of fosphenytoin (20 mg/kg) was administered in the operating room before DES, followed by a maintenance dosing of 300 mg/day for 14 days. EPS did not occur, and he was discharged home on postoperative day 4. Our case illustrates that aggressive perioperative prophylactic ASM therapy beyond the maintenance ASM regimen can be considered in patients with tumor-related epilepsy at risk of EPS."
9939,brain tumour,38274346,Clinical characteristics and prognostic analysis of patients with HIV and glioma: A case series and literature review.,"Cerebral glial tumors have become increasingly common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. The present study aimed to report a series of such cases, explore their clinical and pathological characteristics and subject all the reported cases to a survival analysis. The characteristics, management and prognosis of 10 HIV-positive patients with brain gliomas enrolled in a single hospital were investigated in detail. Immunohistochemical assessment of CD31, CD68 and CD163 was performed in the 10 HIV-positive patients with glioma and 18 HIV-negative patients with glioma. The relevant literature was also reviewed using relevant search terms. The potential predictive factors were screened by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, and a nomogram was established based on the potential predictive factors. A total of 50 patients, including the 10 primary cases, were included in the survival analysis. The median survival time was 9 months. The gliomas of HIV-negative patients had a lower cell count of CD163"
9940,brain tumour,38274345,"Long‑term control in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma, nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis and multiple systemic emboli: A case report.","Systemic emboli are not uncommon in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The present study describes a rare case of long-term control in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma, nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis and multiple systemic emboli. Briefly, a 56-year-old man was diagnosed with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma and was treated with pembrolizumab, which was discontinued due to the appearance of a pulmonary immune-related adverse event. During the clinical course, the patient developed pseudo-progression of a brain tumor, repeated thromboembolism in multiple organs and a small vegetation attached to the aortic valve. These lesions were controlled with apixaban after heparin therapy for >3 years. Lung cancer was subsequently treated with pemetrexed and bevacizumab; however, this treatment was terminated due to a complete response and the patient's request to discontinue treatment. More than 3 years have passed since the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma, and the patient has been followed up at the hospital without signs of cancer recurrence. Although unusual, the patient's course may provide useful suggestions for the treatment of other patients with a similar evolution."
9941,brain tumour,38274233,Prognostic indicators in pituitary adenoma surgery: a comprehensive analysis of surgical outcomes and complications.,The primary aim of this study was to identify predictive factors associated with onset of 
9942,brain tumour,38273986,Clinical Feature Ranking Based on Ensemble Machine Learning Reveals Top Survival Factors for Glioblastoma Multiforme.,"Glioblastoma multiforme (GM) is a malignant tumor of the central nervous system considered to be highly aggressive and often carrying a terrible survival prognosis. An accurate prognosis is therefore pivotal for deciding a good treatment plan for patients. In this context, computational intelligence applied to data of electronic health records (EHRs) of patients diagnosed with this disease can be useful to predict the patients' survival time. In this study, we evaluated different machine learning models to predict survival time in patients suffering from glioblastoma and further investigated which features were the most predictive for survival time. We applied our computational methods to three different independent open datasets of EHRs of patients with glioblastoma: the Shieh dataset of 84 patients, the Berendsen dataset of 647 patients, and the Lammer dataset of 60 patients. Our survival time prediction techniques obtained concordance index (C-index) = 0.583 in the Shieh dataset, C-index = 0.776 in the Berendsen dataset, and C-index = 0.64 in the Lammer dataset, as best results in each dataset. Since the original studies regarding the three datasets analyzed here did not provide insights about the most predictive clinical features for survival time, we investigated the feature importance among these datasets. To this end, we then utilized Random Survival Forests, which is a decision tree-based algorithm able to model non-linear interaction between different features and might be able to better capture the highly complex clinical and genetic status of these patients. Our discoveries can impact clinical practice, aiding clinicians and patients alike to decide which therapy plan is best suited for their unique clinical status."
9943,brain tumour,38273784,Valproic acid regulates the miR-155/Jarid2 axis by affecting miR-155 promoter methylation in glioma.,"The most frequent primary brain tumor in adults is glioma, yet no effective curative treatments are currently available. Our previous study demonstrated the enhancing effects of JARID2 on glioma sensitivity to TMZ treatment. In this study, miR-155 is predicted to target JARID2. miR-155 is overexpressed in clinical glioma specimens and cell lines. miR-155 overexpression in glioma cells enhances cell viability and represses cell apoptosis. Through targeting, miR-155 inhibits JARID2 expression. miR-155 inhibition inhibits glioma cell viability and enhances cell apoptosis, whereas "
9944,brain tumour,38273751,CircRNA ,"Circular RNA is a type of non-coding RNA that is commonly found in eukaryotic genomes. They play an essential role in the biological processes of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis involved in normal development and abnormal tumorigenesis. In this study, we examined whether that the circular RNA GENE "
9945,brain tumour,38273263,A case of Wilson's disease combined with intracranial lipoma and dysplasia of the corpus callosum with review of the literature.,Wilson's disease (WD) is an inherited disorder of copper metabolism. Agenesis of the corpus callosum is the complete or partial absence of the major united fiber bundles connecting the cerebral hemispheres. Intracranial lipoma is an adipose tissue tumor resulting from an abnormal embryonic development of the central nervous system. The simultaneous occurrence of these three disorders is rare and has not been reported. This report focuses on the pathogenesis and association between the three disorders and highlights the importance of recognizing and effectively managing their coexistence.
9946,brain tumour,38273249,"Clinical activity and safety of sintilimab, bevacizumab, and TMZ in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.","There are limited and no standard therapies for recurrent glioblastoma. We herein report the antitumour activity and safety of sintilimab, bevacizumab and temozolomide (TMZ) in recurrent glioblastoma."
9947,brain tumour,38273190,Probing the glioma microvasculature: a case series of the comparison between perfusion MRI and intraoperative high-frame-rate ultrafast Doppler ultrasound.,We aimed to describe the microvascular features of three types of adult-type diffuse glioma by comparing dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with intraoperative high-frame-rate ultrafast Doppler ultrasound.
9948,brain tumour,38273189,Diffusion-weighted imaging does not seem to be a predictor of consistency in pituitary adenomas.,"To prospectively evaluate the usefulness of T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences in predicting the consistency of macroadenomas. In addition, to determine their values ​​as prognostic factors of surgical outcomes."
9949,brain tumour,38273075,Added value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging in deep learning-based prediction of local recurrence in grade 4 adult-type diffuse gliomas patients.,"Local recurrences in patients with grade 4 adult-type diffuse gliomas mostly occur within residual non-enhancing T2 hyperintensity areas after surgical resection. Unfortunately, it is challenging to distinguish non-enhancing tumors from edema in the non-enhancing T2 hyperintensity areas using conventional MRI alone. Quantitative DCE MRI parameters such as K"
9950,brain tumour,38273014,A multidimensional atlas of human glioblastoma-like organoids reveals highly coordinated molecular networks and effective drugs.,"Recent advances in the genomics of glioblastoma (GBM) led to the introduction of molecular neuropathology but failed to translate into treatment improvement. This is largely attributed to the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of GBM, which are considered the major obstacle to GBM therapy. Here, we use advanced human GBM-like organoid (LEGO: Laboratory Engineered Glioblastoma-like Organoid) models and provide an unprecedented comprehensive characterization of LEGO models using single-cell transcriptome, DNA methylome, metabolome, lipidome, proteome, and phospho-proteome analysis. We discovered that genetic heterogeneity dictates functional heterogeneity across molecular layers and demonstrates that NF1 mutation drives mesenchymal signature. Most importantly, we found that glycerol lipid reprogramming is a hallmark of GBM, and several targets and drugs were discovered along this line. We also provide a genotype-based drug reference map using LEGO-based drug screen. This study provides new human GBM models and a research path toward effective GBM therapy."
9951,brain tumour,38272925,Interplay between ATRX and IDH1 mutations governs innate immune responses in diffuse gliomas.,"Stimulating the innate immune system has been explored as a therapeutic option for the treatment of gliomas. Inactivating mutations in ATRX, defining molecular alterations in IDH-mutant astrocytomas, have been implicated in dysfunctional immune signaling. However, little is known about the interplay between ATRX loss and IDH mutation on innate immunity. To explore this, we generated ATRX-deficient glioma models in the presence and absence of the IDH1"
9952,brain tumour,38272817,Meta-analysis of the impact of laser interstitial hyperthermia on wound healing complications in brain tumors.,"High-grade gliomas (HGGs) may be amenable to the neurosurgical technique known as laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT), which delivers thermal energy to interstitial brain injuries and wounds with pinpoint accuracy. The purpose of this extensive meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of LITT on wound complications among patients who have brain tumours. Diverse conclusions emerge from a systematic review of pertinent studies, necessitating a comprehensive examination. The meta-analysis, performed utilizing the meta library provided by the R package meta, reveals an initial significant overall effect (RR: -2.1262, 95% CI [-2.7466, -1.5059], p < 0.0001) accompanied by considerable heterogeneity among studies (I"
9953,brain tumour,38272525,Ovarian mass Presenting as Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration with peripheral neuropathy and anti-Yo antibody.,"Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are a group of disorders with diverse neurological manifestations that are observed in patients with various types of cancer. Any portion of the nervous system can be affected by these syndromes, which are brought on by processes other than metastasis, direct tumour spread or chemotherapy side effects. An immune-mediated attack on the cerebellar Purkinje cells and consequent cerebellar symptoms define paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration(PCD), a subtype of the PNS. Axonal or demyelinating paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathies are both possible. Here, we describe the case of a middle-aged woman who presented with subacute-onset cerebellar symptoms and peripheral neuropathy, was discovered to have a positive anti-Yo antibody, and was later detected to have an ovarian mass. This case illustrates the significance of considering a paraneoplastic aetiology in patients with otherwise unexplained neurological manifestations and initiating an appropriate workup and early treatment for the primary malignancy."
9954,brain tumour,38272520,Primary cerebral immunoglobulin light chain amyloidoma in a patient with multiple sclerosis.,"A man in his 60s, known with multiple sclerosis, presented with seizures and paresis of the left arm and leg. Brain imaging showed a white matter lesion, right parietal, which was progressive over the last 6 years and not typical for multiple sclerosis. Brain biopsy showed a B-cell infiltrate with IgA lambda monotypic plasma cell differentiation and amyloid deposits, typed as lambda immunoglobulin light chain (AL). Bone marrow biopsy and PET/CT ruled out a systemic lymphoma. Extended history taking, blood and urine testing (including cardiac biomarkers) identified no evidence of systemic amyloidosis-induced organ dysfunction.Primary cerebral AL amyloidoma is a very rare entity where optimal treatment is difficult to assess. The patient was treated with locally applied volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy, 24 Gy, divided in 12 fractions. Afterwards, the paresis of the left arm partially resolved, and the function of the left leg improved. Seizures did not occur anymore."
9955,brain tumour,38272513,Unusual case of intraosseous primary intracranial malignant melanoma.,"Primary intracranial malignant melanoma (PIMM) represents 0.07% of central nervous system tumours; clinical behaviour and prognosis are not well documented. Preoperative diagnosis of PIMM is complex and it could be easily misdiagnosed, especially with malignant meningioma.We are reporting a case of a man with a history of rapidly arising motor slowing associated with urinary incontinence, presenting with mild convergent strabismus caused by paralysis in abduction in the right eye. A brain CT showed a lesion compatible with malignant spheno-orbital meningioma, and the patient underwent gross total resection. Intraoperatively, the blackish lesion infiltrated and eroded the bone; it was placed externally on the dura mater with a mild reaction and without attachment. Histological examination confirmed PIMM.Intraosseous localisation of PIMM has been observed in the basic bone structure of the oral cavity. We report the first intraosseous spheno-orbital PIMM case and present an embryological theory about how this unusual tumour can develop."
9956,brain tumour,38272326,Reprimo (RPRM) mediates neuronal ferroptosis via CREB-Nrf2/SCD1 pathways in radiation-induced brain injury.,"Neuronal ferroptosis has been found to contribute to degenerative brain disorders and traumatic and hemorrhagic brain injury, but whether radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI), a critical deleterious effect of cranial radiation therapy for primary and metastatic brain tumors, involves neuronal ferroptosis remains unclear. We have recently discovered that deletion of reprimo (RPRM), a tumor suppressor gene, ameliorates RIBI, in which its protective effect on neurons is one of the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we found that whole brain irradiation (WBI) induced ferroptosis in mouse brain, manifesting as alterations in mitochondrial morphology, iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation and a dramatic reduction in glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) level. Moreover, the hippocampal ferroptosis induced by ionizing irradiation (IR) mainly happened in neurons. Intriguingly, RPRM deletion protected the brain and primary neurons against IR-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, RPRM deletion prevented iron accumulation by reversing the significant increase in the expression of iron storage protein ferritin heavy chain (Fth), ferritin light chain (Ftl) and iron importer transferrin receptor 1 (Tfr1), as well as enhancing the expression of iron exporter ferroportin (Fpn) after IR. RPRM deletion also inhibited lipid peroxidation by abolishing the reduction of GPX4 and stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase-1 (SCD1) induced by IR. Importantly, RPRM deletion restored or even increased the expression of nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2) in irradiated neurons. On top of that, compromised cyclic AMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) signaling was found to be responsible for the down-regulation of Nrf2 and SCD1 after irradiation, specifically, RPRM bound to CREB and promoted its degradation after IR, leading to a reduction of CREB protein level, which in turn down-regulated Nrf2 and SCD1. Thus, RPRM deletion recovered Nrf2 and SCD1 through its impact on CREB. Taken together, neuronal ferroptosis is involved in RIBI, RPRM deletion prevents IR-induced neuronal ferroptosis through restoring CREB-Nrf2/SCD1 pathways."
9957,brain tumour,38272300,Dietary Restriction Improves Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation and Gut Microbial Dysbiosis.,"Anesthesia/surgery have been identified as potential factors contributing to perioperative neurocognitive disorders, with a notably heightened risk observed in aging populations. One of the primary drivers of this impairment is believed to be neuroinflammation, specifically inflammation of hippocampal microglia. Dietary restriction has demonstrated a favorable impact on cognitive impairment across various disorders, primarily by quelling neuroinflammation. However, the precise influence of dietary restriction on perioperative neurocognitive disorders remains to be definitively ascertained. This investigation aims to explore the effects of dietary restriction on perioperative neurocognitive disorders and propose innovative therapeutic strategies for their management. The model of perioperative neurocognitive disorder was induced through exploratory laparotomy under isoflurane anesthesia. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the open field test, Barnes maze test, and fear conditioning test. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to quantify concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in both serum and hippocampal samples. The Western blot technique was utilized to assess expression levels of hippocampal PSD 95, Synaptophysin, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-kB p65. Microglial polarization was gauged using a combination of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunofluorescence labeling techniques. We conducted 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate the impact of dietary restriction on the intestinal flora of aged mice following anesthesia/surgery. Our findings indicate that dietary restrictions have the potential to ameliorate anesthesia/surgery-induced cognitive dysfunction. This effect is achieved through the modulation of gut microbiota, suppression of inflammatory responses in hippocampal microglia, and facilitation of neuronal repair and regeneration."
9958,brain tumour,38272149,Why does HER2-positive breast cancer metastasize to the brain and what can we do about it?,"Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women. However, in the middle and late stages, some people develop distant metastases, which considerably lower the quality of life and life expectancy. The brain is one of the sites where metastasis frequently happens. According to epidemiological research, brain metastases occur at a late stage in 30-50% of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, resulting in a poor prognosis. Additionally, few treatments are available for HER2-positive brain metastatic breast cancer, and the mortality rate is remarkable owing to the complexity of the brain's anatomical structure and physiological function. In this review, we described the stages of the brain metastasis of breast cancer, the relationship between the microenvironment and metastatic cancer cells, and the unique molecular and cellular mechanisms. It involves cancer cells migrating, invading, and adhering to the brain; penetrating the blood-brain barrier; interacting with brain cells; and activating signal pathways once inside the brain. Finally, we reviewed current clinically used treatment approaches for brain metastasis in HER2-positive breast cancer; summarized the traditional treatment, targeted treatment, immunotherapy, and other treatment modalities; compared the benefits and drawbacks of each approach; discussed treatment challenges; and emphasized the importance of identifying potential targets to improve patient survival rates and comprehend brain metastasis in breast cancer."
9959,brain tumour,38272115,Epigenetic Mechanisms Histone Deacetylase-Dependent Regulate the Glioblastoma Angiogenic Matrisome and Disrupt Endothelial Cell Behavior In Vitro.,"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor and different efforts have been employed in the search for new drugs and therapeutic protocols for GBM. Epitranscriptomics has shed light on new druggable Epigenetic therapies specifically designed to modulate GBM biology and behavior such as Histone Deacetylase inhibitors (iHDAC). Although the effects of iHDAC on GBM have been largely explored, there is a lack of information on the underlaying mechanisms HDAC-dependent that modulate the repertoire of GBM secreted molecules focusing on the set of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) associated proteins, the Matrisome, that may impact the surrounding tumor microenvironment. To acquire a better comprehension of the impacts of HDAC activity on the GBM Matrisome, we studied the alterations on the Matrisome-associated ECM regulators, Core Matrisome ECM glycoproteins, ECM-affiliated proteins and Proteoglycans upon HDAC inhibition in vitro as well as their relationship with glioma pathophysiological/clinical features and angiogenesis. For this, U87MG GBM cells were treated for with iHDAC or vehicle (control) and the whole secretome was processed by Mass Spectrometry NANOLC-MS/MS. In silico analyses revealed that proteins associated to the Angiogenic Matrisome (AngioMatrix), including Decorin, ADAM10, ADAM12 and ADAM15 were differentially regulated in iHDAC versus control secretome. Interestingly, genes coding for the Matrisome proteins differentially regulated were found mutated in patients and were correlated to glioma pathophysiological/clinical features. In vitro functional assays, using HBMEC endothelial cells exposed to the secretome of control or iHDAC treated GBM cells, coupled to 2D and 3D GBM cell culture system, showed impaired migratory capacity of endothelial cells and disrupted tubulogenesis in a Fibronectin and VEGF independent fashion. Collectively, our study provides understanding of epigenetic mechanisms HDAC-dependent to key Matrisomal proteins that may contribute to identify new druggable Epigenetic therapies or gliomagenesis biomarkers with relevant implications to improve therapeutic protocols for this malignancy."
9960,brain tumour,38271956,Mutation Endmember Library Sparse Mixed Abundance Estimation Model for Glioma Margin Determination with Raman Spectroscopy.,"The glioma margin is a region of brain tissue where glioblastoma tissue transitions to normal tissue with varying levels of cancer cell concentration. This article uses Raman spectroscopy to detect the glioma margin, which is a fuzzy and uncertain substance that cannot be accurately identified by conventional pattern recognition algorithms. This article applies abundance estimation to Raman spectral unmixing of glioma marginal tissues for the accurate and real-time determination of the tumor surgical boundary during an operation. This article introduces a novel method: the mutation endmember library sparse mixed abundance estimation model. This method adds different representative Raman spectra to each endmember library to account for its dynamic properties, thus reducing errors from such variations and fully capturing the diversity within the substance. Moreover, it uses group sparse endmember bundle decomposition, where each substance endmember library consists of multiple Raman spectra. Fractionally mixed norms are used to ensure intergroup and intragroup sparsity, eliminate redundant spectra, and enhance the generalization ability of the abundance estimation. This method was compared with conventional abundance estimation methods. The experimental results of 112 human glioma margin tissues demonstrate that this method outperforms other methods in terms of accuracy, stability, and generalization ability. This article demonstrates the potential of miniature Raman spectroscopy as a new approach to in vivo and noninvasively determining intraoperative margin assessment."
9961,brain tumour,38271746,Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in melanoma patients with asymptomatic brain metastases: 7-year outcomes and quality of life from the multicenter phase III NIBIT-M2 trial.,The primary analysis of the phase III NIBIT-M2 study showed a 41% 4-year overall survival (OS) of melanoma patients with asymptomatic brain metastases treated with ipilimumab plus nivolumab.
9962,brain tumour,38271656,Microsatellite Instability Is Insufficiently Used as a Biomarker for Lynch Syndrome Testing in Clinical Practice.,"The pan-cancer presence of microsatellite instability (MSI)-positive tumors demonstrates its clinical utility as an agnostic biomarker for identifying immunotherapy-eligible patients. Additionally, MSI is a hallmark of Lynch syndrome (LS), the most prevalent cancer susceptibility syndrome among patients with colorectal and endometrial cancer. Therefore, MSI-high results should inform germline genetic testing for cancer-predisposing genes. However, in clinical practice, such analysis is frequently disregarded."
9963,brain tumour,38271255,Understanding Visual Disorders through Correlation of Clinical and Radiologic Findings.,"Patients presenting with visual disturbances often require a neuroimaging approach. The spectrum of visual disturbances includes three main categories: vision impairment, ocular motility dysfunction, and abnormal pupillary response. Decreased vision is usually due to an eye abnormality. However, it can also be related to other disorders affecting the visual pathway, from the retina to the occipital lobe. Ocular motility dysfunction may follow disorders of the cranial nerves responsible for eye movements (ie, oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves); may be due to any abnormality that directly affects the extraocular muscles, such as tumor or inflammation; or may result from any orbital disease that can alter the anatomy or function of these muscles, leading to diplopia and strabismus. Given that pupillary response depends on the normal function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways, an abnormality affecting these neuronal systems manifests, respectively, as pupillary miosis or mydriasis, with other related symptoms. In some cases, neuroimaging studies must complement the clinical ophthalmologic examination to better assess the anatomic and pathologic conditions that could explain the symptoms. US has a major role in the assessment of diseases of the eye and anterior orbit. CT is usually the first-line imaging modality because of its attainability, especially in trauma settings. MRI offers further information for inflammatory and tumoral cases. "
9964,brain tumour,38271240,Cerebral and Muscular Metastases From Prostate Adenocarcinoma Initially Depicted by 177 Lu-PSMA SPECT/CT.,"Cerebral and muscular metastases from prostatic adenocarcinoma occur rarely. Patients who develop such metastatic pattern exhibit noticeable symptoms. Herein, we present a 68-year-old man diagnosed with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. The patient received multiple 177 Lu-PSMA cycles. After the last cycle, a posttreatment SPECT/CT suggested disease progression with uncommon metastatic pattern in the right temporal brain lobe and muscles. 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT and brain MRI confirmed these findings. Surprisingly, the patient remained asymptomatic up until the conclusion of the follow-up, which lasted for 3 months. This case emphasizes the importance of posttreatment scintigraphic imaging when other biomarkers are inconclusive."
9965,brain tumour,38271200,GAD2 Is a Highly Specific Marker for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Pancreas.,"Glutamate decarboxylase 2 (GAD2) is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter and plays a role in insulin-producing β cells of pancreatic islets. The limitation of GAD2 expression to a few normal cell types makes GAD2 a potential immunohistochemical diagnostic marker. To evaluate the diagnostic utility of GAD2 immunohistochemistry, a tissue microarray containing 19,202 samples from 152 different tumor entities and 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed. In normal tissues, GAD2 staining was restricted to brain and pancreatic islet cells. GAD2 staining was seen in 20 (13.2%) of 152 tumor categories, including 5 (3.3%) tumor categories containing at least 1 strongly positive case. GAD2 immunostaining was most commonly seen in neuroendocrine carcinomas (58.3%) and neuroendocrine tumors (63.2%) of the pancreas, followed by granular cell tumors (37.0%) and neuroendocrine tumors of the lung (11.1%). GAD2 was only occasionally (<10% of cases) seen in 16 other tumor entities including paraganglioma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Data on GAD2 and progesterone receptor (PR) expression (from a previous study) were available for 95 pancreatic and 380 extrapancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. For determining a pancreatic origin of a neuroendocrine neoplasm, the sensitivity of GAD2 was 64.2% and specificity 96.3%, while the sensitivity of PR was 56.8% and specificity 92.6%. The combination of PR and GAD2 increased both sensitivity and specificity. GAD2 immunohistochemistry is a highly useful diagnostic tool for the identification of pancreatic origin in case of neuroendocrine neoplasms with unknown site of origin."
9966,brain tumour,38271182,Invasive growth of brain metastases is linked to CHI3L1 release from pSTAT3-positive astrocytes.,"Compared to minimally invasive brain metastases (MI BrM), highly invasive (HI) lesions form abundant contacts with cells in the peritumoral brain parenchyma and are associated with poor prognosis. Reactive astrocytes (RAs) labeled by phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) have recently emerged as a promising therapeutic target for BrM. Here, we explore whether the BrM invasion pattern is influenced by pSTAT3+ RAs and may serve as a predictive biomarker for STAT3 inhibition."
9967,brain tumour,38270917,Subclonal Cancer Driver Mutations Are Prevalent in the Unresected Peritumoral Edema of Adult Diffuse Gliomas.,"Adult diffuse gliomas commonly recur regardless of therapy. As recurrence typically arises from the peritumoral edema adjacent to the resected bulk tumor, the profiling of somatic mutations from infiltrative malignant cells within this critical, unresected region could provide important insights into residual disease. A key obstacle has been the inability to distinguish between next-generation sequencing (NGS) noise and the true but weak signal from tumor cells hidden among the noncancerous brain tissue of the peritumoral edema. Here, we developed and validated True2 sequencing to reduce NGS-associated errors to <1 false positive/100 kb panel positions while detecting 97.6% of somatic mutations with an allele frequency ≥0.1%. True2 was then used to study the tumor and peritumoral edema of 22 adult diffuse gliomas including glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and NF1-related low-grade neuroglioma. The tumor and peritumoral edema displayed a similar mutation burden, indicating that surgery debulks these cancers physically but not molecularly. Moreover, variants in the peritumoral edema included unique cancer driver mutations absent in the bulk tumor. Finally, analysis of multiple samples from each patient revealed multiple subclones with unique mutations in the same gene in 17 of 22 patients, supporting the occurrence of convergent evolution in response to patient-specific selective pressures in the tumor microenvironment that may form the molecular foundation of recurrent disease. Collectively, True2 enables the detection of ultralow frequency mutations during molecular analyses of adult diffuse gliomas, which is necessary to understand cancer evolution, recurrence, and individual response to therapy."
9968,brain tumour,38270846,Leptomeningeal tumor spread or immune checkpoint inhibitor-related encephalitis/(poli-)neuritis? An unsolved dilemma in a patient on pembrolizumab for a history of brain metastases from lung adenocarcinoma.,No abstract found
9969,brain tumour,38269812,Adapting an Environmental Scan for 'Insights Reporting': Learnings from an Online Brain Cancer Peer Support Platform.,"When developing a digital health solution, product owners, healthcare professionals, researchers, IT teams, and consumers require timely, accurate contextual information to inform solution development. Insights Reporting can rapidly draw together information from literature, end users and existing technology to inform the development process. This was the case when creating an online brain cancer peer support platform where solution development was conducted in parallel with contextual information synthesis. This paper discusses the novel adaptation of an environmental scan methodology using codesign and multiple layers of qualitative rigor, to create Insights Reporting. This seven-step process can be completed in two months and results in salient points of knowledge that can rapidly inform the design of a solution, creating a shared understanding of a digital health phenomenon. Project members noted that Insights Reporting surfaces previously inaccessible knowledge, catalyzes decision-making and allows all stakeholders to influence the report agenda, affirming principles of digital health equity."
9970,brain tumour,38269521,Hypericum alpestre extract exhibits in vitro and in vivo anticancer properties by regulating the cellular antioxidant system and metabolic pathway of L-arginine.,"Conventional treatment methods are not effective enough to fight the rapid increase in cancer cases. The interest is increasing in the investigation of herbal sources for the development of new anticancer therapeutics. This study aims to investigate the antitumor capacity of Hypericum alpestre (H. alpestre) extract in vitro and in vivo, either alone or in combination with the inhibitors of the  l-arginine/polyamine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway, and to characterize its active phytochemicals using advanced chromatographic techniques. Our previous reports suggest beneficial effects of the arginase inhibitor NG-hydroxy-nor- l-arginine and NO inhibitor NG-nitro-Larginine methyl ester in the treatment of breast cancer via downregulation of polyamine and NO synthesis. Here, the antitumor properties of H. alpestre and its combinations were explored in vivo, in a rat model of mammary gland carcinogenesis induced by subcutaneous injection of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. The study revealed strong antiradical activity of H. alpestre aerial part extract in chemical (DPPH/ABTS) tests. In the in vitro antioxidant activity test, the H. alpestre extract demonstrated pro-oxidant characteristics in human colorectal (HT29) cells, which were contingent upon the hemostatic condition of the cells. The H. alpestre extract expressed a cytotoxic effect on HT29 and breast cancer (MCF-7) cells measured by the MTT test. According to comet assay results, H. alpestre extract did not exhibit genotoxic activity nor possessed antigenotoxic properties in HT29 cells. Overall, 233 substances have been identified and annotated in H. alpestre extract using the LC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS system. In vivo experiments using rat breast cancer models revealed that the H. alpestre extract activated the antioxidant enzymes in the liver, brain, and tumors. H. alpestre combined with chemotherapeutic agents attenuated cancer-like histological alterations and showed significant reductions in tumor blood vessel area. Thus, either alone or in combination with N"
9971,brain tumour,38269481,Transcriptional features of low-grade neuroepithelial tumors with the BRAF V600E mutation associated with epileptogenicity.,"Low-grade neuroepithelial tumors are major causes of drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Clinically, these tumors are defined as low-grade epilepsy-associated neuroepithelial tumors (LEATs). The BRAF V600E mutation is frequently observed in LEAT and linked to poor seizure outcomes. However, its molecular role in epileptogenicity remains elusive. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying the epileptogenicity in LEAT with the BRAF V600E genetic mutation (BRAF V600E-LEAT), we conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis using surgical specimens of BRAF V600E-LEAT obtained and stored at a single institute. We obtained 21 BRAF V600E-LEAT specimens and 4 control specimens, including 24 from Japanese patients and 1 from a patient of Central Asian origin, along with comprehensive clinical data. We submitted the transcriptome dataset of 21 BRAF V600E-LEAT plus 4 controls, as well as detailed clinical information, to a public database. Preliminary bioinformatics analysis using this dataset identified 2134 differentially expressed genes between BRAF V600E-LEAT and control. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis provided novel insights into the association between estrogen response-related pathways and the epileptogenicity of BRAF V600E-LEAT patients. Our datasets and findings will contribute toward the understanding of the pathology of epilepsy caused by LEAT and the identification of new therapeutic targets."
9972,brain tumour,38269027,Enhancing outcomes: neurosurgical resection in brain metastasis patients with poor Karnofsky performance score - a comprehensive survival analysis.,"A reduced Karnofsky performance score (KPS) often leads to the discontinuation of surgical and adjuvant therapy, owing to a lack of evidence of survival and quality of life benefits. This study aimed to examine the clinical and treatment outcomes of patients with KPS < 70 after neurosurgical resection and identify prognostic factors associated with better survival."
9973,brain tumour,38268976,Optical Modulation of the Blood-Brain Barrier for Glioblastoma Treatment.,"The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle to the diagnostics and treatment of many central nervous system (CNS) diseases. A prime example of this challenge is seen in glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive and malignant primary brain tumor. The BBB in brain tumors, or the blood-brain-tumor barrier (BBTB), prevents the efficient delivery of most therapeutics to brain tumors. Current strategies to overcome the BBB for therapeutic delivery, such as using hyperosmotic agents (mannitol), have impeded progress in clinical translation limited by the lack of spatial resolution, high incidences of complications, and potential for toxicity. Focused ultrasound combined with intravenously administered microbubbles enables the transient disruption of the BBB and has progressed to early-phase clinical trials. However, the poor survival with currently approved treatments for GBM highlights the compelling need to develop and validate treatment strategies as well as the screening for more potent anticancer drugs. In this protocol, we introduce an optical method to open the BBTB (OptoBBTB) for therapeutic delivery via ultrashort pulse laser stimulation of vascular targeting plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Specifically, the protocol includes the synthesis and characterization of vascular-targeting AuNPs and a detailed procedure of optoBBTB. We also report the downstream characterization of the drug delivery and tumor treatment efficacy after BBB modulation. Compared with other barrier modulation methods, our optical approach has advantages in high spatial resolution and minimally invasive access to tissues. Overall, optoBBTB allows for the delivery of a variety of therapeutics into the brain and will accelerate drug delivery and screening for CNS disease treatment. Key features • Pulsed laser excitation of vascular-targeting gold nanoparticles non-invasively and reversibly modulates the blood-brain barrier permeability. • OptoBBTB enhances drug delivery in clinically relevant glioblastoma models. • OptoBBTB has the potential for drug screening and evaluation for superficial brain tumor treatment."
9974,brain tumour,38268923,Antigen-presenting B cells promote TCF-1,"Understanding the spatial relationship and functional interaction of immune cells in glioblastoma (GBM) is critical for developing new therapeutics that overcome the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Our study showed that B and T cells form clusters within the GBM microenvironment within a 15-μm radius, suggesting that B and T cells could form immune synapses within the GBM. However, GBM-infiltrating B cells suppress the activation of CD8"
9975,brain tumour,38268651,Retrospective Analysis of Parameters Affecting Metastatic Breast Cancer.,"While metastatic breast cancer (MBC), which is the most common cause of death in women, has been seen as an incurable surgical problem in the past decade, as the heterogeneous nature of breast cancer becomes clear with increasing molecular studies and advances in oncological protocols, life expectancy is increasing. In this study, we aimed to examine the clinicopathological features of the patients we followed up with MBC."
9976,brain tumour,38268001,mRNA-based precision targeting of neoantigens and tumor-associated antigens in malignant brain tumors.,"Despite advancements in the successful use of immunotherapy in treating a variety of solid tumors, applications in treating brain tumors have lagged considerably. This is due, at least in part, to the lack of well-characterized antigens expressed within brain tumors that can mediate tumor rejection; the low mutational burden of these tumors that limits the abundance of targetable neoantigens; and the immunologically ""cold"" tumor microenvironment that hampers the generation of sustained and productive immunologic responses. The field of mRNA-based therapeutics has experienced a boon following the universal approval of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. mRNA-based immunotherapeutics have also garnered widespread interest for their potential to revolutionize cancer treatment. In this study, we developed a novel and scalable approach for the production of personalized mRNA-based therapeutics that target multiple tumor rejection antigens in a single therapy for the treatment of refractory brain tumors."
9977,brain tumour,38267974,Mir-338-3p targeting THBS1 attenuates glioma progression by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway.,"Glioma is a brain tumor with high morbidity and mortality rates. Understanding its molecular pathogenesis can provide targets and therapeutic strategies for glioma treatment. miR-338-3p represses tumor growth in several cancers, including glioma. Thus, this study aimed to identify the regulatory effects of miR-338-3p/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/thrombospondins 1 (THBS1) on glioma progression."
9978,brain tumour,38267913,Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of tumor immune microenvironment between primary tumor and brain metastases in NSCLC.,"Brain metastasis is a common outcome in non-small cell lung cancer, and despite aggressive treatment, its clinical outcome is still frustrating. In recent years, immunotherapy has been developing rapidly, however, its therapeutic outcomes for primary lung cancer and brain metastases are not the same, suggesting that there may be differences in the immune microenvironment of primary lung cancer and brain metastases, however, we currently know little about these differences."
9979,brain tumour,38267853,Incidence and predictors of early posttraumatic seizures among patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury in Northwest Ethiopia: an institution-based prospective study.,"Early posttraumatic seizure (PTS) is a well-known complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that can induce the development of secondary brain injuries, including increased intracranial pressure, brain death, and metabolic crisis which may result in worse outcomes. It is also a well-recognized risk factor for the development of late post-traumatic seizure and epilepsy. This study was aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of PTS among patients with moderate or severe TBI admitted to Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia."
9980,brain tumour,38267765,Correction: Beyond the WHO 2021 classification of the tumors of the central nervous system: transitioning from the 5th edition to the next.,No abstract found
9981,brain tumour,38267601,Clinical features and prognostic factors of patients with cancer-associated stroke.,"Cerebrovascular diseases in cancer patients significantly aggravate their condition and prognosis; therefore, prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment are important. The purpose of this study was to investigate patient demographics, laboratory data, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and prognosis among patients with stroke and cancer, especially cancer-associated ischemic stroke (CAIS)."
9982,brain tumour,38267500,Identification of genes with oscillatory expression in glioblastoma: the paradigm of SOX2.,"Quiescence, a reversible state of cell-cycle arrest, is an important state during both normal development and cancer progression. For example, in glioblastoma (GBM) quiescent glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) play an important role in re-establishing the tumour, leading to relapse. While most studies have focused on identifying differentially expressed genes between proliferative and quiescent cells as potential drivers of this transition, recent studies have shown the importance of protein oscillations in controlling the exit from quiescence of neural stem cells. Here, we have undertaken a genome-wide bioinformatic inference approach to identify genes whose expression oscillates and which may be good candidates for controlling the transition to and from the quiescent cell state in GBM. Our analysis identified, among others, a list of important transcription regulators as potential oscillators, including the stemness gene SOX2, which we verified to oscillate in quiescent GSCs. These findings expand on the way we think about gene regulation and introduce new candidate genes as key regulators of quiescence."
9983,brain tumour,38267449,The prognostic value of radiological and pathological lymph node status in patients with cervical cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and followed hysterectomy.,"To investigate the prognostic value of lymph node status in patients with cervical cancer (CC) patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and followed hysterectomy. Patients in two referral centers were retrospectively analyzed. The baseline tumor size and radiological lymph node status (LNr) were evaluated on pre-NACT MRI. Tumor histology, differentiation and pathological lymph node status (LNp) were obtained from post-operative specimen. The log-rank test was used to compare survival between patient groups. Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of various factors with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). A total of 266 patients were included. Patients with 2018 FIGO IIIC showed worse PFS compared to those with FIGO IB-IIB (p < 0.001). The response rate in patients with LNp(-) was 64.1% (134/209), significantly higher than that of 45.6% (26/57) in patients with LNp( +) (p = 0.011). Multivariate Cox analysis identified the main independent predictors of PFS as LNp( +) (HR = 3.777; 95% CI 1.715-8.319), non-SCC (HR = 2.956; 95% CI 1.297-6.736), poor differentiation (HR = 2.370; 95% CI 1.130-4.970) and adjuvant radiation (HR = 3.266; 95% CI 1.183-9.019). The interaction between LNr and LNp regarding PFS were significant both for univariate and multivariate (P = 0.000171 and 1.5357e"
9984,brain tumour,38267416,Crosstalk between autophagy and metabolism: implications for cell survival in acute myeloid leukemia.,"Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a prevalent form of leukemia in adults, is often characterized by low response rates to chemotherapy, high recurrence rates, and unfavorable prognosis. A critical barrier in managing refractory or recurrent AML is the resistance to chemotherapy. Increasing evidence indicates that tumor cell metabolism plays a crucial role in AML progression, survival, metastasis, and treatment resistance. Autophagy, an essential regulator of cellular energy metabolism, is increasingly recognized for its role in the metabolic reprogramming of AML. Autophagy sustains leukemia cells during chemotherapy by not only providing energy but also facilitating rapid proliferation through the supply of essential components such as amino acids and nucleotides. Conversely, the metabolic state of AML cells can influence the activity of autophagy. Their mutual coordination helps maintain intrinsic cellular homeostasis, which is a significant contributor to chemotherapy resistance in leukemia cells. This review explores the recent advancements in understanding the interaction between autophagy and metabolism in AML cells, emphasizing their roles in cell survival and drug resistance. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between autophagy and leukemia cell metabolism can shed light on leukemia cell survival strategies, particularly under adverse conditions such as chemotherapy. This insight may also pave the way for innovative targeted treatment strategies."
9985,brain tumour,38267278,Mononuclear myeloid cells can shape neutrophils in brain tumors.,"In most human solid cancer types, a high frequency of intratumoral neutrophils is associated with poor prognosis. In a recent study, Maas et al. identified an intratumoral niche in which mononuclear myeloid cells drive proinflammatory neutrophil activation in brain tumors. This study sheds new light on the intratumoral modulation of neutrophils."
9986,brain tumour,38266997,Epidemiological Characteristics and Prognosis Model of Pineal Region Tumors: A Retrospective Analysis Based on the SEER Database.,"A pineal region tumor is a rare intracranial tumor, and its specific location leads to its own characteristics. This study aimed to provide some insight for medical practice in the care of pineal region tumors. We investigated the key epidemiological characteristics and survival prognosis of pineal tumors based on the epidemiological data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database."
9987,brain tumour,38266994,Microsurgical Resection of a Parachiasmatic Craniopharyngioma via a Left-Sided Pterional Transsylvian Approach.,"Craniopharyngiomas are histologically benign tumors that originate from squamous rests along the pituitary stalk. They make up approximately 1.2% to 4.6% of all intracranial tumors and do not show significant differences in occurrence based on sex. Adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas have 2 peaks of incidence, commonly observed in patients from ages 5 to 15 years and again from 45 to 60 years. In contrast, papillary craniopharyngiomas mainly affect adults in their fifth and sixth decades of life."
9988,brain tumour,38266745,[Brain metastases].,"Cerebral metastases in patients with metastatic lung cancer are found in more than 30% of patients at baseline and manifest themselves in two out of three patients during disease evolution. For a long time, the cerebral manifestation of the disease was classified as prognostically unfavorable and hence such patients were regularly excluded from therapy studies. In the context of targeted molecular therapy strategies and established immuno-oncological systemic therapies, the blood-brain barrier no longer represents an insurmountable barrier. However, the treatment of brain metastases requires decision making in a multidisciplinary team within dedicated lung cancer and/or oncology centers. The differentiated treatment decision is based on the number, size and location of the brain metastases, neurology and general condition, comorbidities, potential life expectancy and the patient's wishes, but also tumor biology including molecular targets, extra-cranial tumor burden and availability of a CNS-effective therapy. Systemic therapies as well as neurosurgical and radiotherapeutic concepts are now often combined for optimized and prognosis-improving therapeutic strategies."
9989,brain tumour,38266715,Focused ultrasound-assisted delivery of immunomodulating agents in brain cancer.,"Focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with intravascularly circulating microbubbles can transiently increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to enable targeted therapeutic delivery to the brain, the clinical testing of which is currently underway in both adult and pediatric patients. Aside from traditional cancer drugs, this technique is being extended to promote the delivery of immunomodulating therapeutics to the brain, including antibodies, immune cells, and cytokines. In this manner, FUS approaches are being explored as a tool to improve and amplify the effectiveness of immunotherapy for both primary and metastatic brain cancer, a particularly challenging solid tumor to treat. Here, we present an overview of the latest groundbreaking research in FUS-assisted delivery of immunomodulating agents to the brain in pre-clinical models of brain cancer, and place it within the context of the current immunotherapy approaches. We follow this up with a discussion on new developments and emerging strategies for this rapidly evolving approach."
9990,brain tumour,38266621,Suppression of metastatic organ colonization and antiangiogenic activity of the orally bioavailable lipid raft-targeted alkylphospholipid edelfosine.,"Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Metastatic cancer is notoriously difficult to treat, and it accounts for the majority of cancer-related deaths. The ether lipid edelfosine is the prototype of a family of synthetic antitumor compounds collectively known as alkylphospholipid analogs, and its antitumor activity involves lipid raft reorganization. In this study, we examined the effect of edelfosine on metastatic colonization and angiogenesis. Using non-invasive bioluminescence imaging and histological examination, we found that oral administration of edelfosine in nude mice significantly inhibited the lung and brain colonization of luciferase-expressing 435-Lung-eGFP-CMV/Luc metastatic cells, resulting in prolonged survival. In metastatic 435-Lung and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, we found that edelfosine also inhibited cell adhesion to collagen-I and laminin-I substrates, cell migration in chemotaxis and wound-healing assays, as well as cancer cell invasion. In 435-Lung and other MDA-MB-435-derived sublines with different organotropism, edelfosine induced G"
9991,brain tumour,38266592,Total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol and remifentanil is associated with reduction in operative time in surgery for glioblastoma when compared with inhalational anaesthesia with sevoflurane.,Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) is emerging as a preferred neuroanaesthetic agent compared with inhalational anaesthetic (IA) agents. We asked if TIVA with propofol and remifentanil was associated with shorter operative times compared to IA using sevoflurane in brain tumour surgery under GA.
9992,brain tumour,38266580,Pink1 deficiency enhances neurological deficits and inflammatory responses after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice.,Pink1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1) is a protein associated with maintaining mitochondrial function and integrity and has been reported to mediate neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. While the role of Pink1 in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-related neurological deficits and inflammatory responses is not deciphered. Congenic blood was transfused into the left corpus striatum to construct the ICH model in C57/BL6 wild-type (WT) and Pink1
9993,brain tumour,38266540,Combined immunotherapy in melanoma patients with brain metastases: A multicenter international study.,Ipilimumab plus nivolumab (COMBO) is the standard treatment in asymptomatic patients with melanoma brain metastases (MBM). We report a retrospective study aiming to assess the outcome of patients with MBM treated with COMBO outside clinical trials.
9994,brain tumour,38266466,Medical image synthesis via conditional GANs: Application to segmenting brain tumours.,"Accurate brain tumour segmentation is critical for tasks such as surgical planning, diagnosis, and analysis, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) being the preferred modality due to its excellent visualisation of brain tissues. However, the wide intensity range of voxel values in MR scans often results in significant overlap between the density distributions of different tumour tissues, leading to reduced contrast and segmentation accuracy. This paper introduces a novel framework based on conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs) aimed at enhancing the contrast of tumour subregions for both voxel-wise and region-wise segmentation approaches. We present two models: Enhancement and Segmentation GAN (ESGAN), which combines classifier loss with adversarial loss to predict central labels of input patches, and Enhancement GAN (EnhGAN), which generates high-contrast synthetic images with reduced inter-class overlap. These synthetic images are then fused with corresponding modalities to emphasise meaningful tissues while suppressing weaker ones. We also introduce a novel generator that adaptively calibrates voxel values within input patches, leveraging fully convolutional networks. Both models employ a multi-scale Markovian network as a GAN discriminator to capture local patch statistics and estimate the distribution of MR images in complex contexts. Experimental results on publicly available MR brain tumour datasets demonstrate the competitive accuracy of our models compared to current brain tumour segmentation techniques."
9995,brain tumour,38266227,From the Breast to the Finger - A Case Report of Acrometastasis.,Acrometastasis is an unusual presentation that is associated with a poor prognosis.
9996,brain tumour,38265748,CDKN2A/B deletion in IDH-mutant astrocytomas: An evaluation by Fluorescence in-situ hybridization.,CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion is one of the defining features of grade 4 in IDH-mutant astrocytic tumours.
9997,brain tumour,38265724,Confocal laser endomicroscopy in glial tumors-a histomorphological analysis.,The extent of resection and neurological outcome are important prognostic markers for overall survival in glioma patients. Confocal laser endomicroscopy is a tool to examine tissue without the need for fixation or staining. This study aims to analyze gliomas in confocal laser endomicroscopy and identify reliable diagnostic criteria for glial matter and glial tumors.